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LESSON3:METHODOFCONSI
STENTDEFORMATI
ON(
THEFORCEMETHOD)

STRUCTURESWI
THMORETHAN1DEGREEOFI
NDETERMI
NACY

PROCEDUREFORANALYSI
S

 Pr
ocedur
e1:Det
erminethedegreeofi
ndet
ermi
nacyofagivenst
ruct
ure
 Pr
ocedur
e2:Sel
ectf
orcesand/ormomentsasyourr
edundant

 Thet ot
alnumberofr edundantsmustbeequalt othedegr eeofindeterminacyofthestructur
e.
 Thechoiceofsel ecti
ngyourr edundantisamat t
erofconveni ence,
providedthattheremovalof
saidredundant/restr
aintfr
om thegivenindeter
minatestructurewil
lresulttoapri
mar ystruct
ure
thati
sst ati
call
ydeterminateandst abl
e
 Assumedi r
ecti
onf oryourredundantssinceiti
ssti
llunknown.Aposi ti
ve( +)answerfora
redundantimpliesthatyourassumeddi recti
onwascor rectandnegat i
ve( -
)answerimplies
assumpt ionisi
ncor r
ect.

 Pr
ocedur
e3:Removey oursel
ectedrestrai
ntt
hatcorr
espondstother
edundantf
rom t
hegi
ven
i
ndet
ermi
nat
est r
uct
ure.(t
hiswil
lresulttoadet
erminat
estruct
ure)
 Pr
ocedur
e4:DrawyourFreebodydi agram

 Drawdiagram andSketchdefl
ect
ionofpri
maryst
ructure(wit
honlyloadappl
i
ed)
 Sketchdi
agram ofpri
mar ystr
uct
ureswit
honeunitvalueappli
edandsketchi
tsdef
lect
ed
shape
**Toindi
cat
ethatt hel
oadaswellast
heresponseoft hest
ructur
eistobemult
ipl
i
ed
bytheredundant

 Procedure5:Lookingatyourdiagram inprocedure(4)Writeyourcompat i
bili
tyequati
on,bysetti
ng
thealgebrai
csum ofthedeflecti
onsorslopesoft heprimarystructureatthel ocat
ionofthe
redundantduetoitsexter
nalloadingandredundantequal tothegi vendisplacement(orrotat
ion)of
theredundantsupportoftheactualindet
erminatestruct
ure(lookingourdi agram iti
sequal t
ozero)
 Procedure6:Comput ethedeflect
ionofthepr i
mar ystr
uctureatthel ocati
onoft heredundantdueto
theexternall
oadi
ngandduet otheunitval
ueofr edundant.(Useanyofmet hodinsolvi
ngfor
def
lect
ionorr
otat
ion)
 Procedure7:Substi
tut
ethev aluesofdefl
ect
ion(
orslope)computedint
ot hecompat
ibi
li
tyequat
ion
andsolvefortheunknownr edundants.
 Procedure8:Oncetheredundant shavebeendet
ermined,t
heotherl
ikereacti
ons,
shearandbending
moment sandormemberf orcesoftheindet
ermi
natebeam canbeev al
uated.

SAMPLEPROBLEM:
PROBLEM 1:Det
ermi
nethereact
ionsatsuppor
tofthebeam shownbel
owusi
ngFor
ceMet
hodanddr
aw
i
tsshearandmomentdi
agram.EIisgiv
enasconstant.

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EXAMPLE:
50(
KN/
m)

RAh A D

L=10m B L=10m C L=10m

RAv RB RC RD

SOLUTI
ON:
 Degr
eeofi
ndet
ermi
nacy:
DI=r-
(3 +ec)=5-
(3 +0)=2degr
eei
ndet
ermi
nat
e

 Removeanyredundantaslongastheremaini
ngstruct
urei
sst e.(
abl Int
hiscasewehavet
o
remove2rest
rai
nt-Consi
derthevert
icalr
eact
ionatBandC)
Physical Fr
eej
oint
rest
raint
For
cerepresent
ation
(Consi
derredundantand
RBandRC assumeRBandRC( upward)
)

 BEAM SUBJECTEDTODEFORMATI
ON(
displ
acement
)duet
othegi
venl
oad.
50(
KN/
m)
RAh A (A)STATI
CALLY
D I
NDETERMINATEBEAM
B C (
Wit
hit
sdef
lect
edshape)

RAv By Cy RD

50(
KN/
m)
(B)BASI
C
RAh A D
DETERMINATEBEAM
(
Underappl
i
edl
oad)
ΔB ΔC

RAv RD

50(
KN/
m)
(C)BASI
C
RAh A
D DETERMINATEBEAM
(
Loadedwi
thr
edundant
B C
RBandRC)
By Cy RD
RAv

Repr
esent
sv er
ti
cal
react
ions

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(
D)BASI
CDETERMI
NATEBEAM
(
Consi
der
ingt
heef
fectofBywi
thoutl
oad)

δB δCB
RAh A B D
FI
GD-
1
1
RAv RD

By*
δBB By*
δCB
RAh A
D

FI
GD-
2
By RD
RAv

(
E)BASI
CDETERMI
NATEBEAM
(
Consi
der
ingt
heef
fectofCywi
thoutl
oad)

δB δCC
RAh A C D

FI
GE-
1
1
RAv RD

Cy*
δBC Cy*
δCC
RAh A
D

FI
GE-
1
Cy RD
RAv

usedoubl
esubscr
iptnot
ati
on

δBBy Secondsubscr
ipt–l
ocat
ionoft
heuni
tloadcausi
ngt
hedi
spl
acement

Fi
rstsubscr
ipt–l
ocat
ionoft
hedi
spl
acement

 Writ
etheCOMPATIBI
LITYEQUATI
ON:(upwar
ddispl
acementduet
oredundantf
orcesmustbe
equalt
othedownwar
ddispl
acementduet
oload)

-
(Fi
gB)+(
FIGD-
2)+(
FIGE-
2)=0
(
FigB)=(
FIGD-
2)+(
FIGE-
2)
EQUATI
ONS:(
2equat
ionscanbeder
ived-@ poi
ntBand@ poi
ntC)

ΔB =δBBy
(By
)+δBCy
(Cy
)
ΔC =δCBy
(By
)+δCCy
(Cy
)

 Sol
veforval
ueofΔB andΔC,defl
ect
ionduet
oappl
iedl
oadandδBB, δCBandδCC,
δBC,
def
lect
ionduet
ouni
tloadatpoi
ntsBandC
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I
nthi
sexampl
ewewi
l
luset
heVi
rt
ualWor
kMet
hodt
osol
vef
ort
her
equi
reddef
lect
ion

VALUESOFM
(
Duet
oreall
oadunderappl
i
edl
oad)
50(
KN/
m)
Rah=0 A D

L=30m

RAv
=750KN RD=750KN

x
A
50(
KN/
m)
50(
M =750x- x)
2()
M =750x-25x2
M

RAv
=750KN

VALUESOFMv
(
Duet
ovi
rt
ualwor
kunderappl
i
edl
oad@ B)
x

x 1

Rah=0 A
D

RAv
=2/
3 RD=1/
3

VALUESOFMv
(
Duet
ovi
rt
ualwor
kunderappl
i
edl
oad@ C)

x 1
x
Rah=0 A
D

RAv
=1/
3 RD=2/
3

VALUESanddiagram ofM andMv

duet
orealandvi
rt
ualunderredundantB@ l
ocat
ionB
x

Rah=0 A
D

1 RD=1/
3
RAv
=2/
3

VALUESanddiagr
am ofM andMv
duet
orealandvi
rt
ualunderredundantC@ l
ocat
ionC

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x
x
Rah=0 A
D

1
RAv
=1/
3 RD=2/
3

MomentEquat
ions(
duet
ovi
rt
ual
wor
k)
SEGMENT Li
mit
s I M Mv
(By
) Mv
(Cy
) M1(
By) M1(
Cy)
(
duet
oreall
oad) (Vi
rtualunder (
Vir
tualunderappl
i
ed (
Underredundant (
Underredundant
appli
edload@ By) l
oad@ Cy) By) Cy)
AB
2 1 -
2 -
1
0-
10 I 25x2
750x- x x x x
+ 3 3 3 3

BD
1 2 1 2
10-
30 I 25x2
750x- 10-x 10-x -
10 + x -
20 + x
+ 3 3 3 3

SOLVI
NGFORVALUEOFΔB

MMv
(By
) 2 dx 30 1 dx
∫ EI ∫ ∫
10
ΔB = dx = ( 25x2)
750x- ( x) + ( 25x2)
750x- (10-x
)
0 3 EI 10 3 EI

125000 1000000 1375000

ΔB = + = KN-
m3
EI 3EI 3EI

SOLVI
NGFORVALUEOFΔC

MMv(
Cy) 1 dx 30 2 dx
∫ ∫ ∫
20
ΔC = dx = ( 25x2)
750x- ( x) + ( 25x2)
750x- (10-x)
EI 0 3 EI 20 3 EI

1000000 125000 1375000

ΔC = + = KN-
m3
3EI EI 3EI

SOLVI
NGFORVALUEOFδBBy

M1Mv1(
By) 2 dx 30 1 2dx
∫ ∫ ∫( )
10
δBBy= dx = (-2/
3x) + - 10 + x
EI 0 EI 10 3 EI

4000 8000 4000

δBBy= + = KN-
m3
27EI 27EI 9EI

SOLVI
NGFORVALUEOFδCCy

M1Mv1(
Cy) 2 dx 30 2 2dx
∫ ∫ ∫( )
20
δCCy= dx = (-1/
3x) + - 20 + x
EI 0 EI 20 3 EI

8000 4000 4000

δCCy= + = KN-
m3
27EI 27EI 9EI

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FORδBCyandδCBy:( theyhaveequalval
ues)
I
tisacombi nat
ionofdeflect
ion@ l
ocat
ionoft
heuni
tloadt
hatcausest
hedef
lect
ionandl
ocat
ionof
redundant
.

SOLVI
NGFORVALUEOFδBCy
Mv
1(By
)Mv1(
Cy) 2 1 dx 30
- 1 2 dx
∫ ∫( )( ) ∫
10
δBCy= dx = x -x + (-10 + x)
(-20 + x)
EI 0 3 3 EI 10 3 3 EI

2000 16000 2000

δBCy= + = KN-
m3
27EI 27EI 3EI

SOLVI
NGFORVALUEOFδCBy

Mv
1(Cy
)Mv1(
By) 2 1 dx 30
- 1 2 dx
∫ ∫( )( ) ∫
10
δCBy= dx = x -x + (-10 + x)
(-20 + x)
EI 0 3 3 EI 10 3 3 EI

2000 16000 2000

δCBy= + = KN-
m3
27EI 27EI 3EI

 Subst
it
utev
aluebackt
othecondi
ti
onofgeomet
ry
EQUATI
ONS:(
2equat
ionscanbeder
ived-@ poi
ntBand@ poi
ntC)

ΔB =δBBy
(By
)+δBCy
(Cy
)

ΔC =δCBy
(By
)+δCCy
(Cy
)
1375000
ΔB = KN-
m3
3EI

1375000
ΔC = KN-
m3
3EI

4000
δBBy= KN-
m3
9EI

4000
δCCy= KN-
m3
9EI

2000
δBCy=δCBy= KN-
m3
3EI

1375000 4000 2000

= (By
)+ (Cy
)
3EI 9EI 3EI

1375000 2000 4000

= (By
)+ (Cy
)
3EI 3EI 9EI

412.5
By=-
EI

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412.5
Cy=-
EI

 Subst
it
utev
alueCyandByi
ntheor
igi
nal
beam t
osol
vef
ort
her
eact
ionv
ert
icalatAandD

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