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THEORYOFSTRUCTURES2MODULE
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DEFLECTI
ONOFBEAMS:
METHOD:DOUBLEI
NTEGRATI
ONMETHOD

LessonOut
li
ne
 DoubleI
ntegr
ati
onMet
hodI
ntr
oduct
ionandexampl
es

Lear
ningOutcomesoftheLesson
Att
heendofthelessont
hest
udentwi
l
lbeabl
eto:

 Famil
i
ari
zeandrevi
ewthest
udent
stosol
ve/
comput
edef
lect
ionsofst
ruct
urespar
ti
cul
arl
yusi
ng
Doubl
eInt
egrat
ionMet
hod

 Perf
orm cor
rect
lyt
heDoubl
eInt
egr
ati
onmet
hodi
nsol
vi
ngt
hesl
opeanddef
lect
ionofapar
ti
cul
ar
st
ructur
e.

DOUBLEI
NTEGRATI
ONMETHOD

Thisinvolv
eswr i
ti
nganexpressionforM/EI(bendi
ngmomentdividedbyt
hefl
exuralri
gidi
tyoft
he
beam intermsofdi stancexalongtheaxisofthebeam andintegr
ati
ngt
hisequat
iont
oobt ai
nthe
equati
onsf ortheslopeanddef l
ect
ionoftheelast
iccurveofthebeam.Theconst
anti
ntegrat
ionare
deter
mi nedfrom theboundarycondit
ions.

Thi
smethodpr ov
estobemostconv eni
entforcomputi
ngslopeanddefl
ecti
onsofbeamsf orwhi
ch
M/ EIcanbeexpr essedasasingl
econti
nuousfunctionofxovertheent
ir
elengt
hofthebeam.Whent he
applicationofM/EIfunct
ioni
snotcont
inuoussoluti
oncanbecomequi t
ecomplicat
edthi
sisbecauseof
thedi sconti
nui
tyduetothechangei
nloadandort heflexur
alr
igi
dit
y.

M d² y
=
EI dx²

BOUNDARYCONDI
TIONS:

Sl
ope(θ) Def
lect
ion(
Δ)
Rol
lerandHi
nge θ 0
Fi
xed 0 0
Fr
eeEnds/Over
hang θ Δ

dy
θ =y
'
= ( r
otat
ionorsl
opeofel
ast
iccur
ve)
dx

Δ =y(
def
lect
ion)

PROCEDUREI NSOLVI NGEQUATI ONSUSI NGDOUBLEI NTEGRATI ONMETHOD:

1.Determinether eactions
2.Sketchtheel asti
cCur ve
3.UseMet hodofsect i
ont ofi
ndtheM/EIequat i
on(makesur etogetallt
hel oads)
4.Byintegrati
on, i
ntegratetheexpr
essi
onofM der iv
edi nst
ep(3)twicetoobt ai
nanexpressi
onf
orEI
y
5.Evaluat
et heconst ant(C1andC2)ofi
ntegrat
ionfrom theboundarycondit
ion.
6.Substit
utev aluestoexpressionEI
y’t
odet er
mi neslopeandEIytodeter
mi nedeflect
ion

THEORYOFSTRUCTURES2
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iTheor
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KALI
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SAMPLEPROBLEMS:
PROBLEM 1:Asimplysupport
edpr
ismat
icbeam showninthef
igur
ebelowis8m i
nlengt
handcarr
iesa
uni
formloadof30KN/m.UsingE=200GpaandI=240x106mm4Calcul
atethesl
opeat2m fr
om t
helef
t
suppor
t.
30KN/
m

A B

L=8m

SOLUTI
ON:
 Insol
vi
ngt
hesl
opeoft
hebeam y
ouneedt
ofi
rstf
ind/
comput
ether
eact
ionsoft
hesuppor
t.

 SOLVI ON:(
NGFORTHEREACTI uset
heequi
l
ibr
ium equat
ionsi
nsol
vi
ngf
orr
eact
ions)
30KN/
m

A B

L=8m
RB=120KN
RA=120KN

⅀M @ B =0(assumeclockwi
seposi
ti
ve)
8RA-30(8)
(4)=0
RA =120KN

⅀Fv=0(assumeupwardposi
ti
ve)
120-30(8)+RB =0
RB =120KN

 Af
tersol
vi
ngf
ort
her
eact
ionoft
her
ealbeam,
Draw/
Sket
cht
heel
ast
iccur
ve

30KN/
m

A B

L=8m

 Creat
e/Det
erminetheequat
ionofbendi
ngmomentf
ort
hebeam bypassi
ngasect
ionatdi
stancex
fr
om anysupport(
inthi
sexampleatA)

THEORYOFSTRUCTURES2
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mal
iTheor
yofSt
ruct
ures
 Doc.RefNo.
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KALI
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PageNo.
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x
30KN/
m

A B

L=8m

RB=120KN
RA=120KN

Consi
der
ingt
hef
reebodydi
agr
am aboveweobt
ainanequat
ionequalt
o:
x
x)
30(
M =120x-
2 ()
Det
ermi
net
heM/
EIequat
ion
M x
EI
=120x- x)
30(
2 ()
Int
egrat
etheequati
onofM/EIsuccessi
vel
ytoobtaint
hesl
opeanddef
lect
ionequat
ionoft
hebeam,t
he
const
antisdet
erminedbyt
heboundarycondit
ions.

d²y M x
= =120x-
dx² EI
x)
30(
2 ()
Youcanal
sowr
it
e
d2y dy '
=y
'
and =y
'
2
dx dx

x
EI
y'
'=120x- x)
30(
2 ()
EI
y'
'=120x-
15x²

120x2 15x3
y
EI'
= - +C₁ (
Eqn2) (
slopeequat
ion)
2 3

60x3 5x4
EI
y= - +C₁x+C₂ (
Eqn3)(
def
lect
ionequat
ion)
3 4

Todet
ermi
net
heval
ueofsl
opesol
vef
ir
stt
heval
uesofC1andC2byconsi
der
ingt
heboundar
ycondi
ti
on

 Atsuppor
tsthatisx=0:y=0si
ncenodef
lect
ionatsuppor
tA,
andsubst
it
uti
ngt
hisval
uei
nEquat
ion
3wewi l
lgettheval
ueofC2=0

60x3 5x4
EI
y= - +C₁x+C₂
3 4
3 4
60(
0) 5(0)
(
EI0)= - (
+C₁0)+C2
3 4
C₂=0
THEORYOFSTRUCTURES2
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iTheor
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ruct
ures
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KALI
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PageNo.
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 Atsuppor
tsthati
sx=8:y=0sincenodef
lect
ionatsuppor
tB,
wit
hC2=0subst
it
utet
hisval
uei
n
Equat
ion3togettheval
ueofC1=-640
60x3 5x4
EI
y= - +C₁x+C₂
3 4
3 4
60(
8) 5(8)
EI
(0)= - +C₁
(8)+0
3 4
C₁=-
640

THEORYOFSTRUCTURES2
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ce:Asl
am Kassi
mal
iTheor
yofSt
ruct
ures
 Doc.RefNo.
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KALI
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PageNo.
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Aftersol
vingt
hevaluesofC1andC2youcannowsol
vet
hesl
opeanddef
lect
ionat2m f
rom t
hel
eft
support–thati
syourxwillbe=2

 ForSl
opeUseequat
ion2

120x2 15x3
y
EI'
= - +C₁
2 3
2 3
120(
2) 15(
2)
y=
EI '
- +(-
640)
2 3

EI
y'
=-
440KNm²

-440KNm2 -
440KNm2
y=
'
= =-
0.00917r
adi
an
EI 200×106(
240×10-6)
KNm2

y
'
=-
0.00917(
negat
ivemeanssl
opei
sdownwar
dcl
ockwi
sef
rom beam)

 ForDef
lect
ionUseequat
ion3

60x3 5x4
EI
y= - +C₁x+C₂
3 4
3 4
60(
2) 5(2)
EI
y= - +(-
640)
(2)+0
3 4

EI
y=-
1140KNm³

-1140KNm3 -1140KNm3
y= = =-
0.0238m
EI 200×106(
240×10-6)
KNm2

y=-
0.0238(
negat
ivemeansdef
lect
ioni
sdownwar
d)

PROBLEM 2:Det
ermi
net
hemaxi
mum def
lect
ionoft
hebeam shown.EI
=const
ant

30KN/
m

A B

L=8m

SOLUTI
ON:
 Insol
vi
ngt
hesl
opeoft
hebeam y
ouneedt
ofi
rstf
ind/
comput
ether
eact
ionsoft
hesuppor
t.

 SOLVI ON:(
NGFORTHEREACTI uset
heequi
l
ibr
ium equat
ionsi
nsol
vi
ngf
orr
eact
ions)

THEORYOFSTRUCTURES2
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ce:Asl
am Kassi
mal
iTheor
yofSt
ruct
ures
 Doc.RefNo.
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KALI
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TY Ef
fect
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PageNo.
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30KN/
m

A B

L=8m
RA=40KN RB=80KN

⅀M @ B =0(
assumecl ockwi
seposi
ti
ve)
1 8
()
8RA- (
2
30)
(8) =0
3 ()
RA =40KN

⅀Fv=0(assumeupwardposit
ive)
1
2()
40- ( 30)
(8)+RB =0
RB =80KN

 Af
tersol
vi
ngf
ort
her
eact
ionoft
her
ealbeam,
Draw/
Sket
cht
heel
ast
iccur
ve

30KN/
m

A B

L=8m
RA=40KN RB=80KN

 Creat
e/Det
erminetheequat
ionofbendi
ngmomentf
ort
hebeam bypassi
ngasect
ionatdi
stancex
fr
om anysupport(
inthi
sexampleatA)

30KN/
m
x

A B

L=8m
RA=40KN RB=80KN

THEORYOFSTRUCTURES2
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ce:Asl
am Kassi
mal
iTheor
yofSt
ruct
ures
 Doc.RefNo.
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KALI
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fect
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PageNo.
: Page7of7

Bysi
mil
art
ri
angl
e:
Q
Q 30
=
A x 8
x
Q =3.
75x
RA=40KN

Consi
der
ingt
hef
reebodydi
agr
am aboveweobt
aint
hemomentequat
ionequalt
o:

1 x
M =40x- (
2 () ()
Q)
(x)
3

1 x
M =40x- (
2 ()
3.
75x)
(x)
3 ()
Det
ermi
net
heM/
EIequat
ion
M 1 x
EI
=40x- (
2 ()
3.
75x)
(x)
3 ()
Int
egrat
etheequati
onofM/EIsuccessi
vel
ytoobtaint
hesl
opeanddef
lect
ionequat
ionoft
hebeam,t
he
const
antisdet
erminedbyt
heboundarycondit
ions.

d²y M 1 x
= =40x- (
dx² EI 2
3.()
75x)
(x)
3 ()
EI
y'
'=40x-
0.625x³

40x2 0.
625x4
y
EI'
= - +C1 (
Eqn2)(
slopeequat
ion)
2 4

20x3 0.
625x5
EI
y= - +C1x+C2 (
Eqn3)(
def
lect
ionequat
ion)
3 20

Todet
ermi
net
heval
ueofsl
opesol
vef
ir
stt
heval
uesofC1andC2byconsi
der
ingt
heboundar
ycondi
ti
on

 Atsuppor
tsthatisx=0:y=0si
ncenodef
lect
ionatsuppor
tA,
andsubst
it
uti
ngt
hisval
uei
nEquat
ion
3wewi l
lgettheval
ueofC2=0

20x3 0.
625x5
EI
y= - +C1x+C2
3 20
3 5
20(
0) 0.625(
0)
EI
(0)= - +C1(
0)+C2
3 20

C2 =0

 Atsuppor
tsthati
sx=8:y=0sincenodef
lect
ionatsuppor
tB,
wit
hC2=0subst
it
utet
hisval
uei
n
Equat
ion3togettheval
ueofC1=-640

THEORYOFSTRUCTURES2
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iTheor
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ruct
ures
 Doc.RefNo.
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KALI
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PageNo.
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20x3 0.
625x5
EI
y= - +C1x+C2
3 20
3 5
20(
8) 0.625(
8)
EI
(0)= - +C1(
8)+0
3 20

C1 =-
298.
67

THEORYOFSTRUCTURES2
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Aft
ersol
vi
ngtheval
uesofC1andC2youcannowsolvet
hemaxi
mum deflect
ion,butbefor
esol
vi
ngt
he
maxi
mum defl
ect
ionyoumustfi
ndthelocat
ionwer
ethemaxi
mum def
lect
ionwilloccur
.

 Tofindt
helocati
onofmaxi
mum def
lect
ionuseequat
ion2(
thi
sisbecauset
hesl
opeatt
he
maximum defl
ecti
oni
sequalt
o0)
 (e.
g)

Tangentl
i
ne

Maxdefl
ect
ion
(
rot
ati
on=0)

40x2 0.
625x4
y
EI'
= - +C1 (
Eqn2)(
slopeequat
ion)
2 4

40x2 0.
625x4
EI
(0)= - +(-
298.
67)
2 4

x=4.
15466m (
locat
ionoft
hemaxi
mum def
lect
ion)

 Sol
vi
ngf
ort
hemaxi
mum Def
lect
ionUseequat
ion3wi
thx=4.
15466m

20x3 0.
625x5
EI
y= - +C1x+C2
3 20
3 5
20(
4.15466) 0.625(
4.15466)
EI
y= - +(-
298.
67)
(4.
15466)+0
3 20

EI
y=-
801.
46KNm³

-801.
46KNm³(
negat
ivemeansdef
lect
ioni
sdownwar
d)
y=
EI

THEORYOFSTRUCTURES2
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ce:Asl
am Kassi
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yofSt
ruct
ures