A COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS IN LEVEL 3 BLOCK 5

Presented To the

Faculty of PHINMA-University of Pangasinan

College of Health and Sciences

Dagupan City

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

PRESENTED BY:

3BSN-5

September 2020
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………… 4
Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………………… 5
Statement of the Objectives…………………………………………………………………. 6
Methodology……………………………………………………………………………….. 7
Scope, Limitation and Delimitations of the Study………………………............……… 8
1. Population Profile…..…………………………………………………………..………. 10
A. Total Surveyed Households
2. Household Members Profile…..……………………………………………………….. 12
A. Age Group
B. Gender
C. Civil Status
D. Highest Educational Attainment
E. Current Employment
3. Family Structure…..……………………………………………………………………. 23
A. Type of Family Structure
B. Family Decision Maker
4. Socioeconomic Profile…..……………………………………………………………….. 27
A. Religion
B. Ownership of the House
C. Ownership of Lot
D. Type of Dwelling
E. Bedrooms
F. Type of Vehicle
5. Environmental Health Profile…..……………………………………………………….. 39
A. Garbage Bin
B. Source of Drinking Water

2
C. Drinking Water Storage
D. Food Storage
E. Drainage System
F. Toilet Facilities
G. Garbage disposal
H. Garbage Segregation
6. Family Health Organization…..………………………………………………………… 56
A. Number of Children Alive
B. Common Illness in Children
C. Common Illness in Elderly
D. Children Immunization (0-18 months)
E. Family Planning Acceptor
F. Family Planning Methods Used
G. Health Resources Availed
H. Preventions in COVID-19
I. Source of Information to Prevent COVID-19
J. Family Coping in Covid-19
K. Most Affected Aspect of the Family
L. Dealing with this aspect affected the most
M. Predicted Time Span of Covid-19
Identified Health Problems……………………………………………………………….. 81
Summary………………………………………………………………………………….. 83
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………. 87
Recommendations……………………………………………………………………….. 89
Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………… 91
Appendices………………………………………………………………………………… 94

3
 INTRODUCTION

The definition of “community” is a group of interacting people living in a common

location. It is a structure of relationship whose members are inter-related and function through

social interaction and its relationship could be based that is derived from place, ethnicity, culture,

interest or ideology (Goel, 2015).

Community diagnosis is a comprehensive assessment of the health status of the

community in relation to its social, physical, and biological environment (Refat, 2016). The

purpose of community diagnosis is to identify existing problems, determine available resources

and set priorities for planning, implementing and evaluating health action and properly address

areas for improvement. In this study, strategies are developed to address the problem in certain

situations. According to Vines et al., (2015), engaging the community in research affords

opportunities to build capacity for teaching and raising awareness.

The third-year nursing students of block 5 of PHINMA University of Pangasinan,

conducted a community diagnosis within their households. This allowed the researchers to

identify problems like common illnesses and pandemic status in every family.

This study also includes topics related to the coronavirus disease, COVID-19, which is

now relevant to everyone. The results will show how the families are affected and how they are

able to cope with this pandemic today.

4
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to determine the status of the community during the COVID-19 and how

people manage their lifestyle during the pandemic. Specifically, it is intended to answer the

following:

1. How prepared is the family for the COVID-19 pandemic?

2. How COVID-19 change our view and perspective in life?

3. What are the effects of COVID-19 in every household?

5
 STATEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES

The main goal of this study is to assess the health situation in the community. It focuses

on identifying the needs of the community, health problems, determines the available resources

of each household, environment factors, health status of the community, and behaviors in the

community. Therefore, the researchers will be able to formulate the plan of actions based on the

baseline data.

General Objectives:

1. What is the health status of the population in terms of:

a. Household;

b. Family Structure;

c. Socio-economic Profile;

d. Environmental Health and;

e. Available health and Social Services

2. What community diagnosis can be formulated based on the findings?

3. What are the set of priorities for planning, implementing and evaluating health action

based on the findings?

4. What possible solutions can we recommend based on the findings?

6
 METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology of the study that the researchers will

utilize. The researchers were given one day to conduct the survey and three weeks to finish the

study in their own household. Moreover, the methodology applied in the study is quantitative

descriptive method that will be accomplished through a survey questionnaire to gather data from

the target respondents. Under the given time, the researcher was bound to gather, analyze, and

reflect all the necessary data as well as supporting details and interpretation of the data. The

researchers will make use of a survey questionnaire as an instrument for the study in collecting

data. Furthermore, survey will help the researchers to identify factors that affect the health of a

population and determine the availability of resources within the community to promote and

improve the health of the community in coping with the common illnesses. The survey

questionnaire will be divided into two parts; part one is comprised of demographic profile of the

respondents, and part two will be the evaluation of the community assessment to determine the

availability of resources within the community to promote and improve the health of the

community in coping up with common illnesses. The percentage will be used in analysing the

data to identify problems and will come up with recommendations from the result of the study.

All of the data will be put together and a percentage formula will be used for the statistical data.

The percentage will indicate how the result of the tally regarding the total number of the

participants who responded to the questionnaires which contain community diagnosis and how

they cope up with the common illnesses. The formula is: Percentage= R/N x 100.

7
 SCOPE, LIMITATION, AND DELIMITATION

The general intent of this research is to identify the health problems of the researchers’

family units via online survey. Thus, it is important to recognize the limitations and delimitations

that this study will face.

Scope. In this study, the researchers were tasked to interview their own family member

for their community diagnosis. The study will focus on the conditions and behavior of the family

during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the problems and factors affecting their overall

health status. Also, this study will provide assessment, actions and measures needed to improve

the condition of the family unit and the community. Moreover, the researchers aim to inform and

educate the readers about the health problems and risk factors that are being encountered by the

community during this pandemic.

Limitation. Due to quarantine brought by the COVID-19 pandemic, the researchers had

to double their efforts because they cannot conduct actual interviews in the community. The

researchers are in a home-based school program, and those with poor internet connection may

lead to miscommunication. Hence, they need to cooperate with one another through the use of

different communication platforms. Therefore, creating an avenue for open communication plays

a vital role in completing this study.

Delimitation. The study will be enclosed to the family members within the researchers’

household to ensure the safety of the researchers during this pandemic. Close contact with other

people outside their homes is not allowed because of the quarantine. In line with this, the

interview is only conducted within the family members who are residing in the same roof are

permissible to be involved.

8
 According to Basseej et al. (2015), community diagnosis is essential for advancing and

progressing the wellbeing of the community. The more remarkable reason of the assessment is to

make a change and to advance the community’s wellbeing. This diagnosis may give information

in almost all of the state in the community and can make an environment for alter. He suggested

that to decide how to make a change in the community requires a survey where the community

stands. He also added that diagnosis can be performed through numerous common and

unprecedented strategies.

9
 FIGURE A.1. Graphical Presentation of Total Surveyed Household

Household

Surveyed
Unserveyed

100%

TABLE A.1. Frequency Distribution of Total Surveyed Households

HOUSEHOLD NUMBER PERCENTAGE

SURVEYED 26 100%

UNSERVEYED 0 0%

TOTAL 26 100%

Interpretation:

Based on the data gathered, there are 26 households in 3BSN 5 with the total population

of 136. A total of 26 households or 100% were surveyed.

10
Implication:

According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020), a household is

composed of persons who are presently residing together in one house. It constitutes an

important role in one’s health and it has a significant role to support each member to achieve

optimum health and quality living. The more household members result in more resources

needed to obtain the healthcare needed.

11
 FIGURE A.2. Graphical Presentation by Age Group

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TABLE A.2. Frequency Distribution of Age

Age Number Percentage

Prenatal development 0 0%
Infancy and Toddlerhood 0 0%
(1-2 years)
Early Childhood 2 1%
(3-5 years)
Middle Childhood 4 3%
(6-11 years)
Adolescence 57 42%
(12-21 years)
Early Adulthood 14 10%
(22-34years)
Early Middle Age 10 7%
(35-44 years)
Late Middle Age 43 32%

12
 (45-64 years)
Late Adulthood 6 4%
(65 and above)
Total 136 100%

Interpretation:

The graph shows that the majority of age of the 26 households is the adolescence (12-21

years) comprising it to 42%. While, 32% of the households has people within their late middle

ages. Then, 10% belongs to 14 persons who are in their early adulthood. 7% to early middle age,

4% to late adulthood, 3% to middle childhood, and 1 % to early childhood.

Implication:

According to Overstreet (2019) there are nine stages of developmental. The prenatal

development, infancy and toddlerhood (1-2 years), early childhood (3-5 years), middle childhood

(6-11 years), adolescence (12-21 years), early adulthood (22-34 years), early middle age (35-44

years), and late adulthood (65 and above).

The highest percentage of the population is from the bracket of adolescence (12-21

years). Adolescence is the period of transition between childhood and adulthood. Children who

are entering adolescence are going through many changes (physical, intellectual, personality and

social developmental). According to World Health Organization, this is the period of life with

13
specific and development needs, it is also the time to develop knowledge, skills and manage

emotions.

The table also shows that there are 73 more people ranging from age 22–65 and above

that are living in their households. While, 63 people that range from 3- 21 years old people live

in their households. Implicating that there are 10 more people that are living in their household

ranging from 22-65 years old

14
 FIGURE A.3. Graphical Presentation by Gender

Graphical Presentation of Gender

40%

60%

Female Male

Sex Number Percentage

Female 81 60%

Male 55 40%

TOTAL 136 100%

TABLE A.3. Frequency Distribution of Gender

Interpretation:

The households were comprised of 79 females, 60%, as compared to 55 males, 40%.

Implication:

According to the Provincial Information Office (2015), the total population of males in

Pangasinan is 1,493,708 while the total populating of females in Pangasinan is 1,463,018.

15
Moreover, the World Health Organization (2019), states that the life expectancy in the

Philippines for males is an average age of 66.2, while the average age for females is 72.6.

The implication of the graph shows that female outnumber male. It suggests that there are

more females living in their household in this community than males.

16
 FIGURE A.4. Graphical Presentation of Civil Status (18 and above)

Civil Status
Percentage

54.69%

37.50%

7.80%

Single Married Widowed

TABLE A.4. Frequency Distribution by Civil Status (18 and above)

Civil Status Number Percentage

SINGLE 70 54.69 %

MARRIED 48 37.50 %
WIDOWED 10 7.80 %
TOTAL 128 100 %

Interpretation
We gathered 128 number of respondents in the Community questionnaire that falls into

the civil status. Based on the gathered data, the highest number of the population with a total of

70 individuals comprising it to 54.69 % are the single. Next to the highest number of the

population are those in a married status with a total of 48 comprising it to 37.50 %. Lastly, the

lowest number of the population are those in a widowed status with a total of 10 comprising it to

7.81%

17
Implication
According to DePaulo (2016), single individuals tend to care more about meaningful

work than married people do. They have a greater tendency to develop sense of autonomy and

experience more personal growth over time than people who are married. Single status has the

largest number of populations that was gathered, it means that they have more time to take care

of themselves thus, there is an increase of preventive health practices and low chances of

acquiring diseases. However, married people can have a bigger support system, regardless of the

financial status, especially in difficult times.

18
 FIGURE A.5 Graphical Presentation of Highest School Attainment

TABLE A.5. Frequency Distribution of Highest School Attainment

HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT NUMBER PERCENTAGE

ELEMENTARY LEVEL 7 5.26%

ELEMENTARY GRADUATE 2 1.50%

HIGHSCHOOL LEVEL 17 12.78%

HIGHSCHOOL GRADUATE 13 9.77%

COLLEGE LEVEL  44 33.08%

COLLEGE GRADUATE 49 36.84%

MASTERS/ DOCTORAL LEVEL 0 0

MASTERS/DOCTORAL GRADUATE 1 0.75%

TOTAL 133 100

19
Interpretation

Most of the respondents of third year BSN block 5 are college graduates with a total of

48 individuals or 36.84%. The following data are also gathered : college level with 43

individuals or 33.08%; high school level 17 individuals or 12.78%;  high school graduate with 13

individuals or 9.77%; elementary level with 7 individuals or 5.26% ; elementary graduate with 2

individuals or 1.50% ; masters/doctoral graduate with 1 individual or 0.75%  and no

masters/doctoral level at all.

Implication

  Individuals with higher education might lead to have greater knowledge on safe health

practices. Therefore, they are excellent on making decisions that might lead to better health

(Frakt, 2019).

20
 FIGURE A.6. Graphical Presentation of Current Employment

Current Employment
Percentage

69.12%

21.32%

5.88%
0.74% 2.94%

Healthcare (Gov) Healthcare (Pri) Non-Healthcare Non-Healthcare Not Applicable

(Gov) (Pri)

TABLE A.6. Frequency Distribution of Current Employment

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT NUMBER PERCENTAGE

HEALTHCARE (GOVERNMENT) 1 0.74%

HEALTHCARE (PRIVATE) 8 5.88%

NON-HEALTHCARE 4 2.94%
(GOVERNMENT)

NON-HEALTHCARE (PRIVATE) 29 21.32%

NOT APPLICABLE 94 69.12%

21
 TOTAL 136 100%

Interpretation

Based on the table above, majority of householders are unemployed with a number of 94

people or 69.12% of the population. It is followed by non-healthcare private employees with 29

or 21.32%, and the third highest which is the private healthcare employees with 8 people or

5.88%. The next will be government non-healthcare employees that constitute 4 people with 3%

of the population and the remaining 1 or 0.74% works as a government healthcare employee.

Implication

The highest percentage of employment status among the residents is unemployed. In

2017, Greenlaw & Shapiro stated that there are two causes of unemployment and this is either

cyclical unemployment caused by the economy when in a recession and the natural rate of

unemployment caused by factors in labor markets. According to World Bank (2019), the

economic growth of the Philippines slowed down due to rapid deceleration in investment growth.

Labor market conditions are then affected. In addition, since the pandemic crisis started

unemployment rate increased more than twice because there are guidelines that need to be

considered for the safety of everyone (Vera, 2020).

22
 FIGURE B.1. Graphical Presentation of Family Structure

Family Structure

30.77%

EXTENDED
50.00% SINGLE PARENT
BLENDED
NUCLEAR
FOSTER PARENT

15.38%

3.85%

TABLE B.1. Frequency Distribution of Family Structure

TYPE NUMBER PERCENTAGE

EXTENDED 8 30.77%

SINGLE PARENT 4 15.38%

BLENDED 1 3.85%

NUCLEAR 13 50%

FOSTER PARENT 0 0%

TOTAL 26 100%

23
Interpretation

From the data gathered, the nuclear family has the highest percentage with 50% or 13

families. The next highest percentage is extended families with 8, 30.77%. Next is single parent

with 4, 15.38%. Then 1 blended family, 3.85%; and 0 for foster parents.

Implication

The highest type of family structure is the nuclear family. It shows that a lot of family

units in the community are composed of a father, mother and their children. According to

Anderson (2015), family structure has an impact on the health and well-being of children. She

suggested that children living with their married, biological parents consistently have better

physical, emotional, and academic well-being.

24
 FIGURE B.2. Frequency Distribution of Family Decision-Maker

Decision Maker
3.85%
26.92%

FATHER
MOTHER
42.31% BOTH
OTHERS

26.92%

TABLE B.2. Frequency Distribution of Decision-Maker

FAMILY DECISION-MAKER NUMBER PERCENTAGE

FATHER 7 26.92%

MOTHER 7 26.92%

BOTH 11 42.31%

OTHERS 1 3.85%

TOTAL 26 100%

25
Interpretation

The majority of families have both mother and father as the family’s decision-maker at

42.31% or 11 families. However, there are 26.92% or 7 families each to father and mother as

their decision-maker and only 1 family has another decision-maker at 3.85%.

Implication

Most families involve both parents as their decision-maker which presents that they

promote collaborative planning for their families. According to Bolland et al., (2017), involving

both parents in the decision-making process might reduce their risk of decisional conflict.

26
 FIGURE C.1. Graphical Presentation of Religion

Religion
Percentage
81%

15%
0% 4% 0% 0% 0%
C TE S S
LI ES ON TO AN ST
O IE
N N M R IS TI TI
TH D IT
OR C IS EN
CA EN ’ S W M ANI CHR DV
P SI A
DE AH LE AI
N Y
IN V G G DA
T/ HO I A H
N JE RN 7T
TA BO
ES
OT
PR

TABLE C.1. Frequency Distribution by Religion

Religion Number Percentage

CATHOLIC 21 81%

PROTESTANT/ 0 0%
INDEPENDIENTE

JEHOVAH’S WITNESS 1 4%

MORMONS 0 0%

IGLESIANI CRISTO 0 0%

BORN AGAIN CHRISTIAN 4 15%

7TH DAY ADVENTIST 0 0%

TOTAL 26 100%

27
Interpretation

Out of 26 students in 3BSN-5, 81% of them are Catholic, 15% are Born Again Christian

and 4% are Jehovah's Witness. Based on this data, Catholics have the highest influence in terms

of the data above.

Implications

Since the colonial period, Catholicism has been the cornerstone of Filipino identity for

millions in the Philippines. According to Evason (2016), the Philippines is unique among its

neighbors in the South East Asian region in that the majority of Filipinos identify as Christian

(92.5%). More specifically, 82.9% of the populations identify as Catholic, 2.8% identify as

evangelical Christian, 2.3% identify as Iglesia ni Kristo and 4.5% identify with some other

Christian denomination. This indicates that Roman Catholic is more dominant here in the

Philippines due to the Spanish colonization that introduced the Christianity.

28
 FIGURE C.2. Graphical Presentation by Ownership status of the house

Series 1
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50% 100%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0% 0% 0%
Caretaker/Free Rented Owned

Series 1

TABLE C.2. Frequency Distribution by Ownership status of the house

Ownership status of the Number Percentage
house
Caretaker/Free 0 0%

Rented 0 0%

Owned 26 100 %

Total 26 100 %

Interpretation
According to Probasco (2020), owned house will have greater privacy since you own the

property. You can renovate it and you can do what you want. Based on we gathered, out of 26

households interviewed, 100 % of them owned their house.

29
Implication

According to Cunningham (2019), owning a home improves health of every family

members because they can control the condition of their house. Based on the data we gathered,

100 % of them owned their house and in this case, the possibility of spreading of disease or

infections will be reduce.

30
 FIGURE C.3. Graphical Presentation of Ownership Status of the Lot

Ownership Status of the Lot

Percentage

88.40%

7.60%
3.80%
0.00% 0.00%
SQUATTER CARETAKER RENTED COMMON OWNED
PROPERTY

TABLE C.3. Frequency Distribution of Ownership Status of the Lot

OWNERSHIP NUMBER PERCENTAGE

SQUATTER 0 0.0 %

CARETAKER 0 0.0 %

RENTED 1 3.8 %

COMMON PROPERTY 2 7.6 %

OWNED 23 88.4 %

TOTAL 26 100 %

31
Interpretation

The data above shows that the highest percentage with 88.4% which is owned. Next to it

is 7.6 % are common property and 3.8 % were rented.

Implication

About 88.4% has ownership status of the land. According Fortune Builders (2018)

owning a home represents stability, financial success, and the opportunity to contribute to the

community. The benefits of ownership, ranging from social to financial, have directly resulted in

a steady rise of homeowners.

32
 FIGURE C.4 Graphical Presentation of Type of Dwelling Unit/Structure

Type of Dwelling Unit/Structure

11.50%

PERMANENT (CONCRETE)
SEMI-PERMANENT (WOOD)
TEMPORARY (NIPA HUT)
MAKESHIFT

88.50%

TABLE C.4. Frequency Distribution of Type of Dwelling Unit/Structure

DWELLING UNIT NUMBER PERCENTAGE

PERMANENT 23 88.5 %
(CONCRETE)

SEMI-PERMANENT 3 11.5 %
(WOOD)

TEMPORARY (NIPA 0 0.0 %

HUT)

MAKESHIFT 0 0.0 %

TOTAL 26 100 %

Interpretation

The data shows that the permanent houses are the most common dwelling structure at 88.5%,

followed by semi-permanent at 11.5%.

33
Implication

The majority of the houses of the respondents are permanent. These types of house are made up

of woods, bricks, cement, iron rods and steel. According to Ricci (2018), permanent houses are meant to

stay standing, it is not easily packed up and carried away especially during calamities.

34
 FIGURE C.5. Graphical Presentation of Number of Bedrooms in Households

Number of Bedrooms in Households

23.08%
30.77%
5 to 6
3 to 4
1 to 2

46.15%

TABLE C.5. Frequency Distribution of Number of Bedrooms

BEDROOMS NUMBER PERCENTAGE

5-6 6 23.08%
3-4 12 46.15%
1-2 8 30.77%
TOTAL 26 100%

Interpretation

The data shows that most households have 3-4 bedrooms with 12, 46.15%. Eight

households have 1-2 bedrooms, 30.77%, while the least percentage of households has 5-6

bedrooms with 6, 23.08%.

35
Implication

According to West (2016), a well-constructed and well-ventilated house is desired by

many. It is very comfortable and organized to see homes with bedrooms that are divided by three

or more compared with other bedroom structures that are dominated.

36
 FIGURE C.6. Graphical Presentation of Availability of Private Vehicle

Availability of Private Vehicle at home

YES NO
15%

85%

TABLE C.6. Frequency Distribution of Availability of Private Vehicle

RESPONSE NUMBER PERCENTAGE

YES 22 85%

NO 4 15%

TOTAL 26 100%

Interpretation

Based on the gathered data, out of 26 households there are 22, 85%, of them that are

using private vehicles for transportation while 4, 15%, that have no private vehicles.

37
Implication

The private vehicles are being used for transportation to buy essential needs such as

medication, food, water, and clothing. Private vehicles are important to prevent the COVID-19

which spreads through droplets by coughs, speaks and sneezing; the private vehicles will help

the family to maintain social distancing and to avoid crowded places like jeepney, buses, trains

and other sources of transportation.

According to Meena (2020), people shifting from shared mobility to private vehicles (car

and two-wheeler) may be because they feel safe in their own vehicles (fewer chances of virus

transmission) compare to sitting over in a shared vehicle that carry several other passengers in a

day.

38
FIGURE D.1.a. Graphical Presentation of Availability of Common Garbage Bin inside the

House

Common Garbage Bin inside the House

YES
NO

100.00%

TABLE D.1.a. Frequency Distribution of Availability of Common garbage bin inside the

house

CHOICES NUMBER OF PEOPLE PERCENTAGE

YES 26 100%

NO 0 0%

TOTAL 26 100%

39
Interpretation

Based on the data collected, 100% of the family answered “yes” and have an available

common garbage bin inside of their house.

Implication

Access to the garbage bin inside of the house reduces the threat of diseases, healthy

community and proper segregation of waste. According to Yoada et al. (2016), waste poses a

threat to public health and the environment if it is not stored, collected, and disposed of properly.

Without the availability of garbage bin in the house it will not just affect the family, but it will

also affect the community

40
 FIGURE D.1.b. Graphical Presentation of Types of Common Garbage Bin inside the

House

Types of Common Garbage Bin inside the

House
19.%

OPEN
CLOSE

81.%

TABLE D.1.b. Frequency Distribution of Types of Common Garbage Bin inside the House

TYPES NUMBER OF PEOPLE PERCENTAGE

OPEN 5 19%

CLOSE 21 81%

TOTAL 26 100%

Interpretation

Majority of the household chose a close bin consisting of 21 people (81%) while 5

households chose open bins (19%).

41
Implication

According to Barr (2015), it is widely acknowledged that although producers of goods

and materials have a role to play in reducing waste, the general public, in the way that we

consume and utilize products, have a key role in delivering sustainable waste management.

Think for yourself which waste you want to separate, and which trash you need. Choosing the

proper bins either closed or open can help you reduce the spread of diseases and have a healthy

home.

42
 FIGURE D.2. Graphical Presentation of Source of Drinking Water

SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER

4%
Dug well
Commercial water
44% Shared tube/pipe
Owned tube/pipe
44% Shared faucet, community water
system
Owned use faucet, community
water system
Others

4% 4%

TABLE D.2. Frequency Distribution of Source of Drinking Water

TYPE NUMBER PERCENTAGE

DUG WELL 0 0%
COMMERCIAL WATER 12 46.15%
SHARED TUBE/PIPE 0 0%
OWNED TUBE/PIPE 1 3.85%
SHARED FAUCET, COMMUNITY 1 3.85%
WATER SYSTEM
OWNED USE FAUCET, COMMUNITY 12 46.15%
WATER SYSTEM
OTHERS 1 3.85%
TOTAL 27 100%

43
Interpretation

According to Pressman (2015), drinking water is essential to ensure life and health for the

population as well as to create sustainable communities. Based on our survey commercial water

and owned use faucet has the highest percentage with 46.15 % or 12 families. The owned

tube/pipe, shared faucet and other source of drinking water has the same percentage of 3.85% or

1 family for each type and 0% for dug well and shared tube/pipe.

Implication

According to Barlette (2016), commercial water can offer as much protection and

reliability which widely recognized as the most effective method of significantly reducing the

number of contaminants in the water. Moreover, Flowers (2016), also stated that owned use

faucet is convenient to use. We can turn on the faucet and have drinkable water whenever we

need it. The highest source of drinking water is the commercial water and owned use faucet it

shows that many families use this source of drinking water.

44
 FIGURE D.3. Graphical Presentation of Drinking Water Storage

Drinking Water Storage

7.6
3.85% 9
%
19.23%

TANK
DRUM/CAN
EARTHEN JARS/POT
PLASTIC CONTAINER
ELECTRIC POWERED
DISPENSER

69.23%

TABLE D.3. Frequency Distribution of Drinking Water Storage

DRINKING WATER NUMBER PERCENTAGE

STORAGE
TANK 1 3.85%

DRUM/CAN 0 0

EARTHEN JARS/POT 2 7.69%

PLASTIC CONTAINER 18 69.23%

ELECTRIC POWERED 5 19.23%

DISPENSER

Total 26 100%

45
Interpretation:

For a 26 total of households in 3-BSN-5, 18 uses plastic container for storage of drinking

water, which comes out of 69.23%. Electric powered dispenser follows at 5 household, which is

19.23%. For earthen jars/pot, which is 7.69% and one household for tank that comes out of

3.85%.

Implications:

According to Ghebreyesus (2017), safe water, sanitation and hygiene at home should not

be a privilege of only those who are rich or live in urban centers. These are some of the most

basic requirements for human health, and all countries have a responsibility to ensure that

everyone can access them. Most of the families prefer using plastic container to store drinking

water as it is accessible, easy to carry, convenient and inexpensive.

46
 FIGURE D.4. Graphical Presentation of Food Storage

Food Storage

CABINET
OPEN SHELVES
REFRIGERATOR
OTHERS

100.00%

TABLE D.4. Frequency Distribution of Food Storage

FOOD STORAGE NUMBER PERCENTAGE

CABINET 0 0%

OPEN SHELVES 0 0%

REFRIGERATOR 26 100%

OTHERS 0 0%

TOTAL 26 100%

Interpretation

Out of 26 families, 26 or 100% of them uses refrigerator for their food storage. Cabinets

and open shelves were not used for food storage.

47
Implication
According to Brain & Elliot (2017), the fundamental reason for having a refrigerator is to

keep food cold. Cold temperatures help food stay fresh longer. The basic idea behind

refrigeration is to slow down the activity of bacteria (which all food contains) so that it takes

longer for the bacteria to spoil the food.

48
 FIGURE D.5. Graphical Presentation of Availability of Drainage System

Drainage Sysytem
23%

Blind
Open

77%

Frequency Distribution of Availability of Drainage System

TYPE TALLY PERCENTAGE
Not Available 0 0%
Open 6 23%
Blind 20 77%
TOTAL 26 100%

Interpretation

From the data gathered, blind type of drainage system has the highest percentage with

77% or 20 families and open type of drainage system is at 23% or 6 families.

Implication

The graph shows that all of the families have the availability of drainage system at home.

According to Fola (2016), drainage system prevents water accumulation and allows the free flow

of water and in most cases that can lead to flooding.

49
 FIGURE D.6. Graphical Presentation of Toilet Facilities

Type of Toilet Facility

4%
NOT AVAILABLE
OPEN PIT
CLOSED PIT
WATER-SEALED, SHARED WITH
32% OTHER HOUSEHOLDS
WATER-SEALED, USED EX-
CLUSIVELY BY THE HOUSE-
64% HOLD
FLUSH TOILET

TABLE D.6. Frequency Distribution of Toilet Facilities

TYPE OF TOILET FACILITY NUMBER PERCENTAGE

NOT AVAILABLE 0 0%

OPEN PIT 0 0%

CLOSED PIT 1 4%

WATER-SEALED, SHARED 0 0%
WITH OTHER HOUSEHOLDS

WATER-SEALED, USED 9 32%

EXCLUSIVELY BY THE
HOUSEHOLD

FLUSH TOILET 18 64%

TOTAL 28 100%

50
Interpretation

There are 26 households in total, 18 of which are using flush toilets at 64%, to be

followed by 9 water-sealed which is used exclusively by the household at 32%, and lastly 1

closed pit at 4%.

Implication

According to Hesperian Health Guide (2018), toilets are used to manage human waste

and prevent germs from getting into the environment. Based on the gathered data, most of the

households in 3BSN-5 are using flush toilet facility followed by water-sealed which are used

exclusively by the household. Both flush and water-sealed toilet are effective in disposing of

human excreta (urine and feces). The difference is that flush toilet disposes waste quickly

making it easier to use than water-sealed toilet because it requires constant source of water (can

be recycled water and/or collected rainwater).

51
 FIGURE D.7. Graphical Presentation of Garbage Disposal

Garbage Disposal
Percentage
65.38%

23.08%
11.54%
N
IO

0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

T

T
EC

PI
N
G

S
IN

ER
IN

PI
LL

L
ST

A
N
CO

H
N
PO

T
U
U

O
E

M
B
G

N
CO
A

M
PE
B

CO
R

O
A
G
L
A
IP
IC
N
U
M

TABLE D.7. Frequency Distribution of Garbage Disposal

DISPOSAL NUMBER PERCENTAGE

MUNICIPAL GARBAGE 17 65.38%

COLLECTION

COMPOSTING 6 23.08%

BURNING 3 11.54%

OPEN DUMPING 0 0.00%

COMMUNAL PIT 0 0.00%

OTHERS 0 0.00%

TOTAL 26 100%

52
Interpretation

Out of the total survey participants, 65.38% are using municipal garbage disposal,

23.08% of the participants are composting their garbage disposal, these participants aspire to

help to save the environment and want to avoid contributing to the gases that cause global

warming. 11.54% of participants are burning their junk due to different factors and situations

present in their barangay.

Implication

According to Abdel, et.al (2018), garbage disposal issue is one of the biggest challenges

to the authorities. The municipal solid waste is one of the important challenges to the

environment. Due to the absence of garbage-collection systems of an area, convenient landfills,

open canals and drains are being blocked by a huge amount of solid garbage. Thus, they are no

longer in function due to the blockage of the garbage. These garbage wastes are mostly plastic

and papers and little toxic materials such as chemicals, and batteries. However, such toxic

materials represent hazard impact to the environment due to the breakdown of their degradable

constituents.

53
 FIGURE D.8. Graphical Presentation of Garbage Segregation

YES
NO

100%

TABLE D.8. Frequency Distribution on Observing of Garbage Segregation

RESPONSE NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

HOUSEHOLDS

YES 26 100%

NO 0 0%

TOTAL 26 100%

Interpretation:

Based on the gathered data, the number of households are 26 in our respondents. All 26

households are properly segregating their garbage/waste into wet waste or dry waste.

Implication:

54
 According to Fonseca (2017), waste segregation is the separation of wet waste

and dry waste. The generation of waste is unavoidable. The materials carried in this waste

impacts human and environmental health. Waste management starts at the household level.

Firstly, have two garbage disposal bins at home, one for dry waste and one for wet waste. Items

like aluminum foils, tetra packs, glass, paper, plastics, metals, etc., fall under the dry waste

category, whereas kitchen waste such as stale food, fruits and vegetables come under wet waste.

According to Bhargav (2018), segregation of waste is very important when we

look at safe waste disposal. When waste gets segregated into organic, inorganic, e-waste,

medical waste & reject waste to name a few, the segregated waste can be sent for recycling or

safe and scientific landfilling. It also helps in easy and effective recycling and reuse products.

For example, when a plastic and metal is segregated accordingly, the plastic can be shredded and

used for various purposes, as reused plastic and the metal waste can be sent for reuse or

recycling. As with the organic waste, when properly segregated, it can be converted into compost

or energy, which at the end of the day helps in protecting the environment. The segregation also

helps in the safety of sanitary workers who directly work on it.

55
 FIGURE E.1 Graphical Presentation of Alive Children (18 years old and below)

Alive Children

ALIVE
DECEASED

100%

TABLE E.1 Frequency Distribution of Alive Children (18 years old and below)

2002-2020 census Number Percentage

ALIVE CHILDREN 73 100%

DECEASED CHILDREN 0 0%

TOTAL 73 100%

Interpretation

56
 The data shows that the cases of death of children in every family are low. Out of 73

children ages 18 and below, 73 children are still alive, 100%, while no child was recorded as

deceased.

Implication

Immunization prevents deaths every year in all age groups and it is one of the most

successful and cost-effective public health interventions. According to the National

Demographic and Health Survey (2017), the total death rate decreased steadily over time. This

implies that Department of Health Program such as immunizations is effective.

57
 FIGURE E.3. Graphical Presentation of Common Illness in Children

Common Illness
Hypertension 2.56%
Tonsillitis 5.13%
UTI 2.56%
Stomach Ache 2.56%
Diarrhea 5.13%
Common Illness
Flu 10.26%
Fever 10.26%
Headache 7.69%
Asthma 2.56%
Cough 20.51%
Colds 30.77%

0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00%

TABLE E.3. Frequency Distribution of Common Illness in Children

COMMON ILLNESS NUMBER PERCENTAGE

Colds 12 30.77%

Cough 8 20.51%

Asthma 1 2.56%

Headache 3 7.69%

Fever 4 10.26%

Flu 4 10.26%

Diarrhea 2 5.13%

Stomachache 1 2.56%

UTI 1 2.56%

58
 Tonsillitis 2 5.13%

Hypertension 1 2.56%

TOTAL 39 100%
Interpretation

Based on the table above, the most common illness of children ages 12 and below are

colds. Data revealed that colds affected 12 families with 30.77% within the last two years. Next

is cough with a number of 8 families or 20.51%; then fever and flu with the same number of 4

families or 10.26%. After that, headache comes on the fifth most common illness and strike 3

families or 7.69% of the total population. Another one, for having a coequal number of affected

families is the diarrhea and tonsillitis with 2 families and is equivalent to 5.13%. Lastly, the

remaining 4 illnesses which are asthma, stomachache, UTI and hypertension comes last having a

percentage of 2.56.

Implication

Colds lead as number one common illness in children within two years. According to

Churat et al., (2019), stated that upper respiratory infections are very common in children and

cold is the most common culprit of school absenteeism. Furthermore, Panopoulos (2018), stated

that children’s immune system is still developing and so they are prone to infection. Also,

children have much more limited knowledge in life specifically in health that certain

environmental toxins can cause an illness or damage.

59
 FIGURE E.4. Graphical Presentation of Common Illness in Elderly

Common Illness
KIDNEY STONE 3.23%
HEART DISEASE 3.23%
FEVER 3.23%
ALLERGIES 3.23%
CATARACT 3.23%
HEADACHE 9.68%
COLDS 16.13% Common Illness
ARTHRITIS 9.68%
ASTHMA 3.23%
DIARRHEA 3.23%
HYPERTENSION 16.13%
DIABETES 9.68%
COUGH 16.13%
0%

0%

0%

0%

0%
%

%
%
00

00

00
00

00

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0
0.

2.

4.

6.

8.

12

14
10

16

18

TABLE E.4. Frequency Distribution of Common Illness in Elderly

COMMON ILLNESS NUMBER PERCENTAGE

COUGH 5 16.13%

DIABETES 3 9.68%

HYPERTENSION 5 16.13%

DIARRHEA 1 3.23%

ASTHMA 1 3.23%

ARTHRITIS 3 9.68%

COLDS 5 16.13%

HEADACHE 3 9.68%

60
 CATARACT 1 3.23%

ALLERGIES 1 3.23%

FEVER 1 3.23%

HEART DISEASE 1 3.23%

KIDNEY STONE 1 3.23%

TOTAL 39 100%

Interpretation

Based on the table above, the most common illnesses in elderly are cough, hypertension

and colds. Data revealed that there are 5 affected families with 16.13% within the last two years.

Next are diabetes, arthritis and headache with a coequal number of 3 families each or a

percentage of 9.68. Lastly, the remaining 7 illness out of 13 which are diarrhea, asthma, cataract,

allergies, fever, heart disease and kidney stone comes last having an affected family each with a

percentage of 2.56.

Implication

A longer life brings a lot of opportunities, not only for older people and their families, but

also for societies as a whole. These opportunities and contributions depend heavily on one factor:

health (WHO, 2018). Cough, hypertension and cold have the highest percentage and lead as

number one common illness in elderly within two years. In 2016, Pagan stated that immunity or

the body defense system tends to get weaker as the age increases. Hypertension represents one of

the most prevalent and potentially modifiable risk factors in elderly (Angeli et al., 2020).

61
 FIGURE E.5. Graphical Presentation of Children (0-18 months) Immunization

Children Immunization

FULLY IMMUNIZED
NOT FULLY IMMUNIZED

TABLE E.5 Frequency Distribution of Children Immunization

IMMUNIZATION NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

CHILDREN
IMMUNIZED

FULLY IMMUNIZED 0 0%

NOT FULLY IMMUNIZED 0 0%

TOTAL 0 0%

Interpretation

From the data gathered, not a single family was living with a child between the ages of 0-

18 months. As a result, no data was applicable to be recorded for immunizations.

62
Implication

Fully immunized children would have received their Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)

vaccine, Polio, DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus), Hepa B, and MMR (measles, mumps,

rubella) vaccines. Economic reasoning and past evidence suggest that the pandemic could lead to

people to have fewer children (Kearney, 2020). This may be the cause of why there was no

applicable data to input for immunizations as no family interviewed had a child between the ages

0-18 months. During this year’s World Immunization Week, April 24-30, routine immunization

services were disrupted or suspended because most of the Philippine’s was under enhanced

community quarantine. A possible 2 million children under the age of 18 months were affected

and are vulnerable to vaccine preventable diseases because of the suspension. (UNICEF, 2020)

63
 FIGURE E.6. Graphical Presentation of Family Planning Acceptor

Family Planning Acceptor

34.62%

65.38%

YES NO

TABLE E.6 Frequency Distribution of Family Planning Acceptor

FAMILY PLANNING NUMBER PERCENTAGE

YES 9 34.62%

NO 17 65.38%

TOTAL 26 100%

64
 FIGURE E.6.a. Graphical Presentation of Family Planning Methods

Family Planning Methods

Percentage

24%
20% 20% 20%

12%

4%
0% 0% 0%

PO
S

L
D

Y
OM
CE
AL

LL

BT
IU

OM
HO

DE
EN
W

PI
ND

CT
RA

ET
IN

CO

SE
M
ST
HD

VA
AR
AB
IT

ND
W

LE
CA

TABLE E.6.a. Frequency Distribution of Family Planning Methods Used

FAMILY PLANNING NUMBER PERCENTAGE

A) NATURAL METHOD
WITHDRAWAL 3 12%
ABSTINENCE 5 20%
CALENDAR METHOD 0 0%
B) ARTIFICIAL METHOD
CONDOM 5 20%
IUD 0 0%
PILLS 6 24%
DEPO 1 4%
C) SURGICAL METHOD
BTL 5 20%
VASECTOMY 0 0%
TOTAL 25 100%

65
Interpretation

Based on the information gathered, 9 of the 26 households are currently using a family

planning method, with 34.62%. The other 17 households, 65.28%, are currently not using any

family planning acceptors. One of the methods used are natural methods, which include

withdrawal (12%), and abstinence (20%). Most of the respondents used an artificial method

including condom (20%), pills (24%), Depo-Provera injection (4%). Some of the respondents

used a surgical method called bilateral tubal ligation, (20%).

Implication

The survey shows that a greater percentage of households are not using a family planning

acceptor. There are respondents in the survey that do know the importance of family planning.

According to Ewerling et al., (2018) family planning is key for reducing pregnancies and their

health consequences and is also associated with improvements in economic outcomes. It also

shows that artificial methods have a higher percentage because it is simpler and more convenient

to use.

66
 FIGURE F.1. Graphical Presentation of Health Resource Availed in the Past 2 years
20.00

18.00

16.00

14.00

12.00

10.00

8.00

6.00

4.00

2.00

-
GH: PH/C: MHC: BHC: PMP: BHW: HILOT: HERBO:

Series1

TABLE F.1. Frequency Distribution of Health Resource Availed in the Past 2 years

RESPONSE NUMBER PERCENTAGE

Government Hospital
Private Hospital/Clinic
Main Health Centre
Barangay Health Station
Private Medical Practitioner
Barangay Health Workers
Hilot
Herbolario
12 33%
19 50%
3 8%
0 0%
1 3%
1 3%
0 0%
1 3%

Interpretation:

A total of 26 households were surveyed about what health resource they availed to in the

past 2 years. Of the 26 households, 19 of them are availing to a private hospital or clinic, 50%.

Next, government hospitals were availed by 12 households, 33%. Main health center was availed

by 3 households, 8%. Private medical practitioner, barangay health workers, and herbolario were

all availed by 1 household, 3%. No household availed barangay health station and hilot.

67
Implication:

According to Herin et al., (2016), households in the highest income quartile are

approximately twice as likely to utilize private hospital services than households in the lowest

income quartile. An increase in the availability of private hospital beds significantly reduces the

probability that a household will utilize government facilities.

68
 FIGURE F.1. Graphical Presentation of Preventions in COVID-19

Preventions in COVID-19
Percentage

96.15%
92.30%
84.62%
80.77%
73.08%
61.54%
53.85%
42.31%

a b c d e f g i

TABLE F.A. Frequency Distribution of Preventions in COVID-19

PREVENTIONS IN COVID-19 NUMBER PERCENTAGE

a. Wear mask when they go 11 42.31%

outside the house
b. Wear facemask and face
shield when they go 25 96.15%
outside the house
c. Take vitamins everyday 21 80.77 %
d. Stay at home 22 84.62 %
e. Perform hand hygiene 24 92.30%
often
f. Sanitize the house 16 61.54%
g. Physical exercises Ex. 14 53.85%
Zumba
h. Eat healthy foods for ex. 19 73.08%
Low fat, low salt, low
sugar

69
Interpretation

Based on the data gathered from 26 households about how they prevent themselves from

being infected with COVID – 19, wearing of face mask and face shields when they go outside

the house gained the highest percentage of 96.15%. Second precaution done is by performing

hand hygiene with 92.30%. Third is staying at home with a percentage rate of 84.62%. Fourth is

by taking vitamins everyday with 80.77%. Fifth is by eating healthy foods for ex. Low fat, low

salt, and low sugar with 73.08%. Sixth is by sanitizing the house with a rate of 61.54%. Seventh

is doing physical exercises ex. Zumba with a percentage of 53.85%,

while wearing face masks alone garnered the lowest percentage of 42.31% as their means of

protecting themselves from acquiring the virus.

Implication

According to Sothmann et al.,(2020), wearing face mask and face shields are

recommended as a simple barrier to help prevent oneself from acquiring COVID – 19 by means

of respiratory droplets from traveling into the air and onto other people when the person wearing

the mask coughs, sneezes, talks, or raises their voice.

70
 FIGURE F.2. Graphical Presentation of Source of Information to Prevent COVID-19

Sales

38.46

48.07 Television
Radio
Newspaper
Internet

7.69
5.78

TABLE F.2. Frequency Distribution of Availability of Source of Information to Prevent

COVID-19
TYPE TALLY PERCENTAGE
Television 20 38.46
Radio 3 5.78
Newspaper 4 7.69
Internet 25 48.07
TOTAL 52 100%

Interpretation

From the data gathered, through internet has the highest percentage with 48.07% or 25

families, through television is at 38.46% or 20 families and through newspaper is at 7.69% or 4

families and there are 5.78% or 3 families who uses radio to get source of information to

COVID-19.

71
Implication

The graph shows that most of the family use internet as a source to get notified and

informed about news regarding COVID-19. According to Immun (2020), people use a variety

of sources of information nowadays to have updates about COVID-19, where internet and

television were the most common used source.

72
 FIGURE F.3. Graphical Presentation Rate of Family Coping in Covid-19

Family Coping
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20% 42%

15%
23% 23%
10%
5% 8%
4%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TABLE F.3. Frequency Distribution of Family Coping inCovid-19

RATE/SCALE NUMBER OF PEOPLE PERCENTAGE

1 0 0%

2 0 0%

3 0 0%

4 0 0%

5 1 4%

6 0 0%

7 2 8%

8 11 42%

9 6 23%

10 6 23%

TOTAL 26 100%

73
Interpretation

This scale is being scored where 10 is the best or highest level of coping with COVID-19

while 1 would be the worst or least able to cope with COVID-19. Based on the data collected,

the highest percentage of people rate their family coping at 8 points (42%) or 11 families in total,

while 9 and 10 points are tied for the second rate consisting of 23% each total of 46%, Next, 2

families rated their coping at 7 points (8%). Finally, one rated their family coping skill at 5

points (4%).

Implication

Most of the family worldwide were not ready for this pandemic. Health of the family

members at risk, lack of medical staff and equipment, and funds for the pandemic are some of

the factors affected by the pandemic. According to Chew et al., (2020), gives 4 coping responses

for this kind of pandemic. The first one is problem solving, it is when the individual takes active

steps towards self-empowerment and reduced feelings of uncertainty by providing a sense of

control over their health. Seeking social support is also included in the strategy. Next is

distraction, which is all about denial or avoidance. Lastly, positive appraisals that talks about

good and positive attitude during the pandemic where they can control their emotions and focus

on how they manage the situation with the help of the government.

74
 FIGURE F.4. Graphical Presentation of the Most Affected Aspects of the Family

Most Affected Aspect

3.80%
11.51%

FINANCIAL
SOCIO-EMOTIONAL
SPIRITUAL
PHYSICAL

84.68%

TABLE F.4. Frequency Distribution of the Most Affected Aspects of the Family

ASPECTS RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

FINANCIAL 22 84.6%

SOCIO-EMOTIONAL 3 11.5%

SPIRITUAL 1 3.8%

PHYSICAL 0 0.0%

TOTAL 26 100%

75
Interpretation

The data shows that out of 26 households, 22 households were affected financially,

84.6%, while 3 household’s, 11.5%, socio-emotional were affected; then 1, 3.8%, household’s

spiritual status was affected most, and no families were affected physically.

Implication

According to the Household Budget Survey (2020), most of the household members are

at risk of losing their job or compromising. Due to pandemic, the problem in financial is taken as

a measure of the economic impact of the COVID-19.

76
 FIGURE F.5. Graphical Presentation on How do you deal with this aspect that is

affecting your family most?

11% 8%

Government
Relatives
Employer
Friends

81%

TABLE F.5. Frequency Distribution on How do you deal with this aspect that is affecting

your family most?

Asking Help from Available NUMBER PERCENTAGE

Resources

Ask for help from 2 8%

government/government
agencies

Ask for help from relatives 21 81%

Ask for help from employer 0 0%

Ask for help from friends 3 11%

TOTAL 26 100%

77
Interpretation

Most of the household ask for help from relatives with 21 households, 81%, while 3 or

11% of the households ask for help from friends. 2 households asked helped from the

government, 2%, while no household asked help from their employers.

Implication

According to Scroope (2017), family is considered to be the foundation of social life for

most Filipinos. The nuclear family is the core family unit; however, bonds are often tight knit

among extended family members. Indeed, people may be encouraged to have a relationship with

their aunts and uncles that is just as strong as the relationship with their parents. Close familial

relationships often go beyond one’s genetic connections or bloodlines to incorporate distant

relatives, close neighbors or friends. Based on the gathered data, there is a big difference

between asking for help from government/government agencies, relatives, employer, and friends.

Majority of the gathered data seek help from their relatives since they provide support and

encouragement, give advice and learning and do their best to help financial needs.

78
 FIGURE F.6. Graphical Presentation of Predicted Time Span of Covid-19

4% 4%

39%

1 YEAR
54%
2 YEARS

3 YEARS

OTHERS

TABLE F.6. Frequency Distribution Predicted Time Span of Covid-19

YEAR NUMBER PERCENTAGE

1 YEAR 10 39%

2 YEARS 14 53%

3 YEARS 1 4%

OTHERS 1 4%

TOTAL 26 100%

79
Interpretation:

Based on the gathered data on how long the pandemic will last; 10 households answered

1 year, 39%, 14 households answered 2 years, 53%, 1 household answered 3 years, 4% and 1

household answered others, 4%.

Implication:

According to Teros (2020), the coronavirus pandemic will be over in 2 years. He also

added that the Spanish flu of 1918 had taken 2 years to overcome. The coronavirus outbreak

shares important similarities to Spanish flu 1918, which makes this type of flu a solid model for

comparison. Both can have varying degrees of signs and symptoms, ranging from no symptoms

(asymptomatic) to severe symptoms. COVID-19 has a longer incubation period compare to

Spanish Flu, meaning it takes longer for symptoms to appear after a person has been infected, it

was also pointed out that COVID-19 has displayed a higher rate of asymptomatic transmission.

80
 IDENTIFIED HEALTH PROBLEMS

According to the data gathered, household appears to be experiencing different kinds of

problems that specifically related to health of the family.

1. The leading problem problem of the household is financial during this pandemic. It has

affected the day to day life of everyone and an income shock in household due to loss of

different activities and lack of food supplies especially medicines that is needed in our

situation.

2. The second leading problem is the common illness in elderly. In the data collected it

shows that prevalence of cough and hypertension are well defined in elderly community

population. Any chronic illness carries a potential to impact on the lives of the family.

3. The third leading problem is unemployment. According to our data, 20 years and above

unemployed respondents are most likely college students and fresh graduates. Being

unemployed faces numerous health challenges beyond lack of access to either

employment or good quality of employment. Unemployment can be associated with

varieties of distress including mixed symptoms of distress, depression, and anxiety.

4. The fourth leading problem is the source of drinking water. Owned faucet used is

contaminated by microorganisms from multiple users which may also contaminate the

food and can cause different diseases. Water contamination occurs when unwanted

materials enter into the water which is harmful to human health.

5. The last leading problem is the blind drainage. There are circumstances where blind

drainage, if not maintained, can cause puddling and flooding which can cause numerous

of issues, such as waterborne diseases, damage to property, and loss of livestock. Also,

81
 stagnant water will remain in the blind drainage, which becomes a breeding site for

mosquitos, leading to a possible increase of dengue cases.

82
 Summary

This study was conducted and aimed to discover the effects of COVID-19 to the

households of the students in 3-BSN-5 and to gather any new information to this disease.

COVID-19 has been the latest disease to cause a worldwide pandemic, thus a plethora of

information about it yet to be discovered. This study also aims to identify health problems due to

COVID-19 and ways to promote health.

The researchers in this study were limited to their own households. The information

gathered are data that was collected from each student’s household, through interview and a

online survey. Each household was located within the Pangasinan area, such as Alaminos City,

Anda, Bayambang, Binmaley, Calasiao, Dagupan, Labrador, Lingayen, Manaoag, Mangaldan,

Mapandan, and San Fabian. The information gathered by the students of 3-BSN-5 showed

different results for the demographic status, socio-economic status, environmental status, and

health status of each household.

A total of 26 households were interviewed for this study, consisting of 136 total

respondents within 37 families. The largest demographic in this study, by age, are adolescents,

with 42% of the population. The household’s consisted of more females, 59%, than males, 41%.

As far as the socio-economic goes with the respondents interviewed, 66.40% of the

respondents were unemployed. This may not be directly affected by COVID-19, as most of the

respondents has only attained a college level education or below. With the unemployment being

so prevalent and not as much college graduates, the income of each household could be

inadequate. Most of the house and land are owned by each household and most of which

contains 3-4 bedroom, 46.15%.

83
 Cough and colds were the most common illness pertaining to each family and these are

some symptoms of COVID-19. The households that were interviewed did not have a single

child within the ages of 0-18 months, so no data of immunization was recorded. Many of the

households were not using a family planning acceptor, 65.85%. Most of the families would opt

to go to a private hospital/clinic if seeking medical help, 73.07%.

Many of the households have been coping with the COVID-19 pandemic really well, as

88% of the households ranked their coping with COVID-19 an 8 or above on a scale of 10. Most

of the information about COVID-19 is coming from the internet or the television, and many of

the families are aware and applying safety precautions to fight against COVID-19. These safety

precautions include proper hand hygiene, wearing a facemask and face shield, taking vitamins,

exercising, and staying at home. Financial status has been affecting the households the most

with about 84.6% of households being affected. Many households believe this pandemic will

last about one or two years.

The information below were the results gathered by the students of 3-BSN-5 from the

respondents for this study:

Population Profile:

Total No. of Population: 136

Total population Surveyed: 136

Total Surveyed Households: 26

Total Surveyed Families: 37

84
Household Members Profile:

Age group: Adolescents (12-21 years old) – Total of 57 (42%)

Gender: Females – Total of 81 (59%)

Civil Status: Single – Total of 70 (54.69%)

Highest Educational Attended: College Graduate – Total of 49 (36.84%)

Current Employment: Unemployed – Total of 89 (66.40%)

Family Profile:

Family Structure: Nuclear – Total of 13 (50%)

Family Decision Maker: Both – Total of 11 (42.31%)

Socio-economic Profile:

Religion: Catholic – Total of 21 (81%)

Ownership Status of the House: Total of 26 (100%)

Ownership Status of lot which the house is built: Owned – Total of 23 (88.4%)

Type of dwelling unit: Permanent – Total of 23 (88.5%)

Number of Bedrooms: 3-4 Bedrooms – Total of 12 (46.15%)

Availability of Private Vehicle: Yes – Total of 22 (85%)

Environmental Health Status

Availability of common garbage bin inside the house: Close -Total of 26 (100%)

85
Source of drinking water: Commercial Water – Total of 12 (46%); Owned use faucet,

community water system – Total of 12 (46%)

Drinking water storage: Plastic Container – Total of 18 (69.23%)

Food storage: Refrigerator – Total of 26 (100%)

Drainage system: Blind drainage – Total of 20 (76.93%)

Toilet facilities: Flushed Toilet – Total of 17 (61%)

Garbage disposal: Municipal Garbage Disposal – Total of 17 (65.38%)

Observance of garbage segregation: Yes - Total of 26 (100%)

Family Health Organization:

Number of Children Alive: Total of 73 out of 73 (100%)

Stillbirth: Total of 0 (0%)

Common Illness in the Family: Cough and Colds – Total of 15 out of 26 (57.69%)

Immunization: Fully Immunized – 0%

Not fully immunized – 0%

Family Planning: Acceptor – Total of 9 out of 26 (34.62%)

Health Resources Availed: Private Hospital/Clinics – Total of 19 out of 26 (73.07%)

86
 Conclusion

The research aims to identify the potential problems that can cause harmful effects on the

community. The researchers conducted their interview and used an online survey. 

The researchers identified the first problem as financial which affected 84.6% of the

households. The second problem identified is the common illnesses in the elderly. In the data

collected it shows that cough affects 16.13% of the elderly and hypertension affects 16.13%. The

third problem identified is unemployment of 20 years old and above which affects 66.40% of our

population. The fourth problem within each household is the source of drinking water. The last

problem of the households is the blind drainage, which effects 77% of the households

The first leading problem of the households is financial, not having enough income can

have huge consequences on health. With less money in the budget, it tends to cut corners in areas

they should not, especially in healthcare. 

The second leading problem is common illnesses in the elderly. In the data collected it

shows that the prevalence of cough and hypertension are well defined in the elderly community

population. Any chronic illness carries a potential to impact the lives of the family. 

The third leading problem of the gathered data is unemployment. According to our data,

20 years and above unemployed respondents consists of college students, fresh graduates and

unemployed adults. Their greatest concerns are the toll the pandemic is taking on their mental

health, employment prospects, and education. Many people lost their jobs because of the

pandemic. Adults who stopped working reported worse mental and physical health conditions as

well as distress. 

87
 The fourth leading problem is the source of drinking water. Owned faucet used is

contaminated by microorganisms from multiple users which may also contaminate the food and

can cause different diseases. Water contamination occurs when unwanted materials enter into

water and are harmful to human health.

The last leading problem is the blind drainage. There are circumstances where blind

drainage, if not maintained, can cause puddling and flooding which can cause numerous of

issues. Also, stagnant water will remain in the blind drainage, which becomes a breeding site for

mosquitos, leading to a possible increase of dengue cases.

88
 Recommendations

The researchers are recommending the following teachings in order to avoid the five

major health problems identified and in preventing diseases:

1. Due to this pandemic, majority of the respondents are financially affected. Most of them

cannot go out and work because of the strict implementation of guidelines by the

government. It is recommended to work at home and start a small business to sell online.

Consumers are also resorting more in online shopping because of this pandemic.

2. Hypertension is highly prevalent among elderly and it also an important risk factor for

cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Conducting therapeutic lifestyle changes

counseling in barangay can prevent or lessen the rate of hypertension cases in the

community. Barangay health workers are suggested to perform a monthly check up to the

residents in the barangay. Monthly check up can help to monitor the health of the

members of the community.

3. Majority of the unemployed respondents are in the age group of young adults (20-29). In

this age group most of them are currently enrolled and studying. The researchers will

coordinate to the SK Officials to create a plan for the employment of the respondents

with the participation of Local Government Unit. Youth employment is also a key to the

economic growth of our country.

4. Majority of the respondents use owned faucet as their source of drinking water. The

researchers suggest filtering the water before drinking to clear out bacteria that can cause

diseases like diarrhea and cholera. If water filtration device is not available, the

respondents can boil the water because boiling can also kill disease-causing organism.

89
 5. Majority of the respondents use a blind type drainage system in their home. This type of

drainage system is more prone to water stagnation and can cause diseases to the

respondents. The researchers suggest fixing the drainage system to allow the free flow of

water so it will prevent the accumulation of water that can also lead to flooding.

90
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APPENDICES
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 APPENDIX I

BASELINE DATA

Total Population: 136

Population Surveyed: 136
Unsurveyed Population: 0
Total Number of Households: 26
Households Surveyed: 26
Unsurveyed Households: 0
Total Number of Families: 37
Total Number of Families Surveyed: 37
Unsurveyed Families: 0
Total Number Of 0-18 Months: 0
Total Number Of 7 Years Old Above: 130
Total Number Of 7 Years Old Below: 4
Total Number Of 18 Years Old Above: 109
Number Of 18 Years Old Below: 25

APPENDIX I
CLASS LIST
BLOCK V

94
 Alagadan, Aura Vanessa Claveria
Balilia, Janine Barberan
Basto, Rea Mae Ferraro
Bulatao, Lemuel Rhae Peralta
Ceralde, Kathleen Nicole Quiban
Corsino, Roxanne Joy Austria
Cruz, Rose Ann Reyes
De Real, Mc Thadeus Rafael Villa
De Vera, Eron Roy Cuison
Dela Cruz, Mark Erald Salva
Dela Rosa, Allyssa Caniedo
Erolin, Nichole Vann Ferrer
Guarin, Krishame Dela Cruz
Jugo, Cherry Mae Ungos
Marcos, Mary Juvelle Viscara
Martin, Wilmart Agayan
Martinez, Christine Cancino
Ocampo, Kate Alexis Sarzaba
Paraan, Alexis Yna Quinantoto
Payas, Julius Martin
Poquez, Mary Airish Vinluan
Sison, Dessiree Mae Mones
Solis, Nathaniel Muñoz
Soriano, Erika Padilla
Tabarnilla, Myca Erika Lorenzo
Yu, Lynnette Marionne Molina

95