NURSING INFORMATICS

SECOND GENERATION
MARIE ASHLEY E. CASIA
BSN 2
 Second Generation

The period of the second generation was from

1959-to 1965.

In this generation, transistors were used that

were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact
in size, more reliable, and faster than the first
generation machines made of vacuum tubes.

Transistors- a binary switch and the fundamental

building block of computer circuity. A small
component made up of solid material that acts like
a vacuum tube in controlling the flow of electric
current.
 In this generation, magnetic cores were
used as the primary memory and magnetic tape
and magnetic disks as secondary storage
devices.

magnetic cores - A magnetic core is a piece of magnetic material with a

high magnetic permeability used to confine and guide magnetic fields in
electrical, electromechanical and magnetic devices such as
electromagnets, transformers, electric motors, generators, inductors,
magnetic recording heads, and magnetic assemblies.
magnetic tape - Magnetic tape is a type of physical storage media for
different kinds of data. Magnetic tape has been a major vehicle for audio
and binary data storage for several decades, and is still part of data
storage for some systems.
magnetic disks -a storage device that uses a magnetization process to
write, rewrite and access data. It is covered with a magnetic coating and
stores data in the form of tracks, spots and sectors. Hard disks, zip disks
and floppy disks are common examples of magnetic disks
 In this generation, assembly language and high-level programming
languages like FORTRAN, COBOL were used. The computers used
batch processing and a multiprogramming operating system.

The main features of the second generation are :

Use of transistors
Reliable in comparison to first-generation computers
Smaller size as compared to first-generation computers
Generated less heat as compared to first-generation
computers
Consumed less electricity as compared to first-generation
computers
Faster than first-generation computers
Still very costly
AC required
Supported machine and assembly languages
Some computers of this generation were :

IBM 1620
IBM 7094
CDC 1604
CDC 3600
UNIVAC 1108
 IBM 1620
- The IBM 1620 was a general-purpose,
stored-program data processing
system for small businesses, research
and engineering departments of large
companies, and schools requiring
solutions to complex problems in the
areas of engineering, research, and
management science.
 IBM 7094
Built for large-scale scientific computing, the IBM 7094 Data
Processing System featured outstanding price/performance and
expanded computing power.
Compatible with the IBM 7090, the advanced solid-state IBM 7094
offered substantial increases in internal operating speeds and
functional capacities to match growing scientific workloads in
the 1960s. The powerful IBM 7094 had 1.4 to 2.4 times the internal
processing speed, depending upon the individual application.
CDC 1604
was a 48-bit computer designed and
manufactured by Seymour Cray and his team
at the Control Data Corporation (CDC). The
1604 is known as one of the first commercially
successful transistorized computers. (The IBM
7090 was delivered earlier, in November
1959.)
 CDC 3600
The CDC 3600 had 32,700 48-bit words of
memory and supported the FORTRAN 66
compiler and storage cycle times ranging
from 1.5 microseconds to . 8 microseconds.
Its circuitry was designed by Seymour Cray,
who went on create his own line of Cray
computers.
UNIVAC 1108
was the second member of Sperry Rand's UNIVAC 1100
series of computers, introduced in 1964. Integrated
circuits replaced the thin film memory that the
UNIVAC 1107 used for register storage. Smaller and
faster cores, compared to the 1107, were used for
main memory.

 REFERENCES:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIVAC_1100/2200_series
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC_1604#:~:text=The%20CDC%201604%20was%20a,earlier%2C%20in%20November%20
1959.)
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/8210/magnetic-
disk#:~:text=A%20magnetic%20disk%20is%20a,common%20examples%20of%20magnetic%20disks.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_computer
THANK YOU!