Mulungushi University launches Bachelor of Agribusiness Management degree

MULUNGUSHI UNIVERSITY
GREAT NORTH ROAD CAMPUS

KABWE
SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES
BACHELOR OF AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT

(BABM)
APPROVED 18TH AUGUST, 2017

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................. 1
RATIONALE ........................................................................................................................................ 1
AIM ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................... 2
LEARNING OUTCOMES ................................................................................................................... 2
REGULATIONS ................................................................................................................................... 2
Admission Requirements .................................................................................................................... 2
Loading and Duration of the Programme ........................................................................................... 3
Examinations and Assessments .......................................................................................................... 3
Mode of Delivery ................................................................................................................................ 3
Progression.......................................................................................................................................... 3
Facilities for Teaching and Learning Support..................................................................................... 3
PROGRAMME STRUCTURE ........................................................................................................... 4
FIRST YEAR ............................................................................................................................. 5

SECOND SEMESTER .............................................................................................................. 5
COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT ............................... 5
SECOND YEAR ...................................................................................................................... 7

FIRST SEMESTER..................................................................................................................... 7
COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO SOIL SCIENCE ............................................................... 7
COURSE TITLE: FIELD CROP PRODUCTION ............................................................................. 9
COURSE TITLE: MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMALS .......................................................... 13
SECOND SEMESTER ............................................................................................................ 17

COURSE TITLE: FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING FOR AGRIBUSINESS ..................................... 17
COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ................................ 19
COURSE TITLE: FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION .................................................... 22
COURSE TITLE: INTERMEDIATE AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT.................................... 25
COURSE TITLE: INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT I ...................................................................... 28
THIRD YEAR.......................................................................................................................... 29
FIRST SEMESTER................................................................................................................... 29
COURSE TITLE: AGRIBUSINESS STATISTICS ......................................................................... 29
COURSE TITLE: AGRIBUSINESS MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS ............................................ 32
COURSE TITLE: FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN AGRIBUSINESS....................................... 35
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COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ..................................................................... 37
COURSE TITLE: MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES ........................... 40
SECOND SEMESTER ............................................................................................................ 43

COURSE TITLE: AGRIBUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS ...................................................... 43
COURSE TITLE: AGRIBUSINESS OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT AND LOGISTICS ......... 46
COURSE TITLE: PROCESSING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ........................................ 49
COURSE TITLE: MANAGEMENT OF FARM ENTERPRISES .................................................. 52
COURSE TITLE: INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT II..................................................................... 56
FOURTH YEAR .................................................................................................................... 57

FIRST SEMESTER................................................................................................................... 57
COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ....................................... 57
COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT .............................................. 60
COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION METHODS .................................................. 63
COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP ..................................................... 66
COURSE TITLE: AGRIBUSINESS RESEARCH PROJECT ........................................................ 68
SECOND SEMESTER ............................................................................................................ 70

COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY MARKETING ........................................... 70
COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURE INTERNATIONAL TRADE ................................................. 73
COURSE TITLE: STRATEGIC AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT ........................................... 76
COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURAL AND AGRIBUSINESS POLICIES .................................... 79
COURSE TITLE: AGRIBUSINESS RESEARCH PROJECT ........................................................ 81
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INTRODUCTION
Zambia is a least developed country (LDC) with an economy dependent heavily on the
mining industry. During the over 50 years of independence, the agricultural sector has
remained basically traditional with only a small commercial sector. Although the sector
remains the largest employer of the rural population, it has remained underdeveloped at
mainly three of its four subsectors, namely, agri-input supply, agri-production, agri-output
supply, and the agri-service. Knowledge generation through various training institutions of
the agri-service sub-sector has been substantial. However, the response by the input supply,
production and output sub-sector has been below expectation. Thus, the problem may lie
with the policy formulation, management and coordination of the various sub-sectors that
form the agribusiness sector. The agribusiness programme is designed to generate the
knowledge on policy formulation, and management skills that will make the agribusiness
sector an engine for economic development in the long run. The agribusiness sector has a lot
of potential through its forward and backward linkages that need to be exploited by
Zambians, exploitation of new and often ignored areas of development, and horizontal
integration opportunities that the sector has often not taken advantage of.
RATIONALE
The growing population and need for food, need for economic integration with other
countries through trade, low volume of agricultural exports and export earnings, growing
need to integrate agriculture with social and economic sectors, rising fuel costs and the shift
from fossil fuels to biofuels, the ever growing food relief burden, rising effects of climate
change, increasing shift in use of arable land from agriculture to residential and commercial
use around major cities, the growing challenge of pollution, the growing demand for food in
neighbouring countries, the unstable world economic climate, the seasonal nature of
agribusiness products versus the need to have the all year round supply, large post-harvest
losses, and the growing unemployment problems all point to the need for capacity building of
nationals in the agribusiness sector. There is need for development of skills in all the sub-
sectors of the agribusiness sector. These skills will be important in the creation of
employment and institutions, and inter and intra-sectoral coordination to enable the various
agribusiness sub-sectors to respond to opportunities for business and growth.
It has also been the wish of the various government leaderships since independence to
develop agriculture but the component of running it as a business has not been adequately
addressed through the various policies. Thus, the creation of this programme is timely.
AIM
The purpose of the programme is to empower students with knowledge and skills for
participating competently in various agribusinesses and become competent entrepreneurs as
well as better advisors in agribusiness policy formulation.
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PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES
Students who successfully complete this programme will be provided with knowledge and
skills to be able to:
1) Plan and operate an agribusiness at corporate level as well as self-employment
2) Participate in research and development required for various challenges of
agribusinesses
3) Participate in product and market development and other strategies needed for success
of agribusinesses
4) Promote the running of agriculture as a business rather than as a way of life
5) Promote the integration of agriculture with other sectors of the economy for economic
development
6) Pursue further professional training in agribusiness
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Graduates of the BABM programme will be able to:

1) Take up employment in the public sector as researchers, economists, extension
workers, policy advisors, technocrats in fields of farm management, agricultural
finance, cooperative management, development projects, policy formulation, and
agricultural marketing
2) Join the private sector as consultants, farm managers, agricultural marketers, bankers,
lecturers, agricultural processors, cooperative management specialists, financial
specialists
3) Take up the challenge of self-employment as farmers, agricultural processors,
consultants
4) Pursue further education in order to participate effectively in research and other
careers
REGULATIONS
Admission Requirements
For normal entry to an undergraduate degree program in the School of Agriculture and
Natural Resources (SANR), a prospective student must satisfy the entry regulations as
specified in the General Regulations and in so doing, must also meet the following SANR
requirements:
1) Must have passed Grade 12 or Form V with a minimum of credit in at least five
subjects including Mathematics, Biology/Agricultural Science, Science
(Physics/Chemistry) and English Language; OR
2) ‘O’ Level certificate from a recognized Examination Board with a minimum of grade
C in at least five subjects including Mathematics, Biology/Agricultural Science,
Science (Physics/Chemistry) and English Language; OR
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3) ‘A’ Level certificate from a recognized Examination Board with passes in the
following subjects or their recognized equivalents: Biology or Agriculture,
Mathematics, Chemistry and Physics.
Loading and Duration of the Programme

The program will be a four-year programme consisting of eight semesters of 15 weeks each,
with a total of 39 courses. Year 1 will be done in the School of Science, Engineering and
Technology where foundation courses are offered.
Examinations and Assessments

All the examinations and assessments for the programme shall be conducted in accordance
with the Mulungushi University rules and regulations.
Mode of Delivery
Courses shall be delivered on full-time basis (i.e. face to face format). Courses shall be taught
through lectures, practical/lab sessions and scientific visits. Students shall also be required to
do farm attachment/internship for a period of at least 20 weeks during the training
programme. In the final year, students shall be required to do a research, with a scientific
report being the output.
Progression
Progression in the programme shall be in accordance with the Mulungushi University rules
and regulations.
Facilities for Teaching and Learning Support

Lecture rooms, laboratory buildings, teaching & research farm, IT equipment
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PROGRAMME STRUCTURE
Year Semester 1 Semester 2
1 (a) BMG 101: Ethics & Sustainable (a) AGB 112: Introduction to Agribusiness
Behaviour in Society Management
(b) BIO 111: Bio-molecules and Cells (b) BIO 112: Molecular Biology and Genetics
(c) SSE 121: Introduction to (c) SSE 122: Introduction to Macroeconomics
Microeconomics (d) ICT 132: Introduction to Computer Software
(d) MSM 131: Mathematics I Packages
(e) ICT 131: Introduction to Computer (e) MSM 192: Business Mathematics
Science
2 (a) BHR 211: Human Resource (a) AGB 212: Financial Accounting for
Management I Agribusiness
(b) NRL 211: Introduction to Soil Science (b) SSW 212: Rural Sociology
(c) AGC 221: Field Crop Production (c) AGB 222: Introduction to Agricultural
(d) SEC 221: Intermediate Microeconomics Economics
(e) ANS 321: Management of Farm (d) AGC 222: Fruit and Vegetable Production
Animals (e) AGB 232: Intermediate Agribusiness
(f) ANR 201: Farm Practice I Management
(f) ANR 202: Farm Practice II
(g) ANR 203: Industrial Attachment I
3 (a) AGB 311: Agribusiness Statistics (a) AGB 312: Agribusiness Research Methods
(b) AGB 321: Agribusiness Managerial (b) AGB 322: Agribusiness Operations
Economics Management & Logistics
(c) AGB 331: Financial Management in (c) AGB 332: Management of Farm Enterprises
Agribusiness (d) AGB 342: Processing of Agricultural Products
(d) AGB 341: Agricultural Marketing (e) SEC 352: Money and Banking
(e) AGB 351: Management of Agricultural (f) ANR 303: Industrial Attachment II
Cooperatives
4 (a) AGB 411: Agricultural Development (a) AGB 412: Agricultural Commodity Marketing
Economics (b) AGB 422: Agriculture International Trade
(b) AGB 421: Agricultural Project (c) AGB 432: Strategic Agribusiness Management
Management (d) AGB 442: Agriculture and Agribusiness
(c) AGB 431: Agricultural Extension Policies
Methods (e) ANR 400: Agribusiness Research Project
(d) AGB 441: Agricultural
Entrepreneurship
(e) ANR 400: Agribusiness Research
Project
NOTE:
a) Foundation courses in the first year are offered in the School of Science, Engineering
and Technology.
b) For other courses offered outside SANR, refer to respective handbooks.
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FIRST YEAR
SECOND SEMESTER
COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT

COURSE CODE: AGB 112
Aim
To expose students to the concept of agribusiness, and the adaptation of conventional
management principles for managing agribusinesses.
Objectives
Upon successful completion of the course, students should be able to:
1) Distinguish between an agribusiness and an ordinary business
2) Explain how activities in an agribusiness are planned, organized, directed and
controlled
Course Outline
1. The concept of agribusiness management

 Scope of agribusinesses
 Characteristics of agribusiness products
 Importance of agribusinesses in Zambia
2. Some basic theories of management

 School of Scientific management
 Systems theory
 Contingency theory
3. Agribusiness organizations
 Factors affecting choice of form
 Sole traders
 Partnerships
 Limited companies
 Agricultural cooperatives
4. Planning the agribusiness

 The concept of planning
 Venture creation and business name, product name and registration
 Planning business operations
 Business projection
 Investment budgeting
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 Activity budgeting
 Business size, location and design
5. Organizing an agribusiness
 Adaptation of systems theory
 Selection of business model
 Selection of organization structures
 Delegation and its challenges
 Span of control in agribusiness
 Adapting to changes in agribusiness environment
 Communication arrangements in the agribusiness
6. Function of directing
 Concept of directing
 Business leadership theories
 Employee needs
 Work design
7. Controlling an agribusiness
 Concept of control
 Tools of control
 Quality management
 Quality control
Contact hours
3 lecturers per week
1 tutorial per week
Assessment
Continuous Assessment 50%
2 Tests 20%
5 quizzes 10%
4 assignments 20%
Final examination 50%
Prescribed Text
Downey, D.W. and S.P. Erickson. 1978. Agribusiness Management. McGraw-Hill
Recommended textbooks
1) Somani, L.L. (2007): Dictionary of Agribusiness Management, Agrotech Publishing
Academy
2) Cole, G.A. 1995. Management: Theory and Practice. DP Publications.
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SECOND YEAR
FIRST SEMESTER
COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO SOIL SCIENCE

COURSE CODE: NRL 211
Aim
To introduce students to the study of soils as a science and application of scientific principles
in soil management and conservation.
Objectives
Upon completion of the course, the students should be able to:
1) Define soil and the factors and processes of soil formation
2) Understand the science behind the study of soils
3) Perform basic chemical, physical and biological field/laboratory analyses of soils
Course Outline
1. History of soil science

 What is soil?
 The development of soil science
 The study of soil as a science-branches of soil science
 Laboratory practical 1a: Identification of rocks and minerals
 Laboratory practical 1b: Soil sampling techniques
2. Soil formation
 Geology of soils
 Factors of soil formation
 Processes of soil formation
 Selected soil types
 Laboratory practical 2: Soil and plant analysis laboratory
3. Soil chemistry
 Soil chemical properties
 Soil mineralogy
 Charge properties of soils
 Plant nutrients in soil
 Laboratory practical 3: Analysing soils for chemical properties
4. Soil physics
 Soil physical properties
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 Soil water
 Soil color
 Soil dynamic properties
 Laboratory practical 4: Analysing soils for physical properties
5. Soil biology
 Soil biological properties
 Soil microbiology
 Soil organic matter
 Laboratory practical 5: Analysing soils for biological properties
Assessment
2 Tests 20%
Laboratory practice 15%
Quiz 5%
Assignments 10%
Final Examination 50%
Prescribed Textbook
Miller, R.W. and R.L. Donahue. 1995. Soils in Our Environment. 8th Edition. Prentice-Hall,
Inc. New Jersey, USA.
Recommended Text books

1) Brady, N.C. and R.R. Weil. 2002. The Nature and Properties of Soils. 13 th Edition.
Prentice-Hall, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA.
2) Biswas, T.D. and S.K. Mukherjee. 1994. Textbook of Soil Science. Second Edition.
Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, India.
3) Songolo, H.L. and P.L. Pauwelyn. 1992. Practical Manual for Soil Science. Second
Edition. Soil Science Department, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of
Zambia.
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COURSE TITLE: FIELD CROP PRODUCTION
COURSE CODE: AGC 221
Pre-requisites:
Aim
To expose students to scientific principles of crop production, and methods of overcoming
challenges associated with the practice.
Objectives
Upon completion of the course, students should be able to:
1) Link scientific principles of crop production with practice.
2) Explain production practices associated with each crop discussed
3) Identify challenges in crop production and develop strategies of addressing them in a
profitable and environmentally sustainable manner.
Course Outline
1) Introduction to Field Crop Production
 Some Characteristics of field crops
 Classification of field crops
 General Concepts in Crop Production
2) Wheat Production
 Agro-ecological Requirements -Rainfall, temperature, soils, day length
 Recommended Cultural practices-Site selection, land preparation, nutrient
management, irrigation management
 Crop Protection- Weed, pests and diseases management
 Harvesting- maturity indices, harvesting time and methods
3) Barley Production
4) Maize Production
5) Sorghum Production
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management, irrigation management,
6) Rice Production
7) Soybean Production
8) Groundnut Production
9) Sunflower Production
10) Irish Potato Production

11) Sweet Potato Production
10
12) Cassava Production

13) Cowpea Production

14) Sugarcane Production

15) Coffee Production

16) Cotton Production

Contact hours
11
3 hours per week lecture
3 hours per week practical/lab/field tou
Assessment
3 Tests 15%
2 Essays 10%
1 Assignment 10%
5 Quizzes 5%
Practicals/field tours 10%
Prescribed Textbook
Onwueme, I. C and Sinha, T. D. 1991. Field Crop Production in Tropical Africa. CTA, Ede,
The Netherlands. 480pp.
Recommended Texts
1) Wren, S. 2007. African Organic Farmers. Field Crop Manual. Farming and Marketing
of Organic Crops in Zambia. Southern and Eastern Africa. 1st Edition. OPPAZ /
Pagoda Tree Press, Bath, UK.
2) Degras, L. 2003. Sweet Potato. The Tropical Agriculturalist. CTS. Macmillan
Education Publishers Limited.
3) Hillock, R.J., Thresh, J.M. and Bellotti, A.C. (Eds). 2002. Cassava. CABI Publishing.
4) Sleper, D and Poehlman, J. M. 2006. Breeding Field Crops. 5th Edition. Blackwell
5) Weiss, E.A. 2002. Spice Crops. CABI Publishing.
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COURSE TITLE: MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMALS
COURSE CODE: ANS 331
Aim
The course is intended to expose students to practical management of different types of farm
livestock through theory as well as “hands on” practice. The course integrates the basic
principles and practical approaches including biotechnology for enhanced animal
productivity.
Objectives
1) Explain fundamental principles of management of beef and dairy cattle, sheep and
goats, pigs and poultry.
2) Acquire practical skills to manage different types of farm livestock
3) Understand biotechnology application as a modern way to enhance livestock
productivity
Course Outline
1. Scope of animal farming in Zambia

 Distribution of beef and dairy cattle, goats and sheep, pigs and poultry
 Production systems: Traditional, emergent and commercial farming
 Characteristics of the smallholder sector
 Characteristics of the commercial sector
 Characteristics of emergent farmers
2. Socio-economic importance of farm livestock: Cattle, sheep and goats, pigs,

poultry
3. Routine herd or flock management practices for ruminants

 Dairy: Key factors to successful dairy farming; Dairy breeds and their phenotypic
characteristics; Selection of breeding animals; Herd improvement; Breeding and
breeding methods; Management of parturition; Feeding; Weaning; Marketing
milk; Herd health management;
 Beef: Advantages and disadvantages of raising beef; Breed selection; Beef breeds;
Beef production systems; Selection of animals; Desirable conformation
characteristics; Performance records; Feeding and feedstuffs; Feeding brood cows;
Feeding dry cows; Feeding nursing cows; Feeding bulls; Feeding calves; Herd
health management
 Small Ruminants (Sheep and Goats): Breeds of goats; Dairy goats; Systems of
goat production; Nutritional management for goats; Diseases
4. Routine management practices for pigs
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 Breeds of pigs
 Major traits of interest
 Selecting a boar for the herd
 Selecting a gilt for breeding
 Breeding of sows and gilts
 Pregnancy, farrowing, and factors causing delay in farrowing
 Management practices from farrowing to marketing
5. Pig housing
 Principles and general considerations for lay out
 Equipment and accessories
6. Pig herd health management

 Common diseases of pigs: African Swine Fever, Scours, External parasites,
Internal parasites
7. Slaughter and marketing of pigs

 Procedure for slaughter
 Slaughter techniques
 Marketing arrangements
8. The egg production industry in Zambia

 Breeds of layers and systems of breeding
 Criteria for selecting stock
 Factors affecting incubation and hatchability of eggs
 Sexing and production of day old chicks
 Design of housing for layers in the tropics
 Systems of housing for layers
 Brooding management of pullets: day 1 to 8 weeks
 Management of growers: 8 weeks to 20 weeks
 Management of the laying stock: 18 weeks to 72 weeks
 The egg production cycle
 Factors affecting performance of layers
 Daily routine management and records
 Egg quality indices
 Culling and forced moulting
9. The Broiler industry in Zambia

 Selecting of stock
 Desirable characteristics in broilers
 Housing and housing systems for broilers
 Preparations before receiving day-old chicks
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 Receiving chicks
 Brooding
 Routing operations from day old to marketing: Vaccinations, Broiler records,
Feeding, Poultry health (pastiness, impacted crop, infectious respiratory diseases,
bacterial diseases, parasitic diseases, non-infectious diseases)
 Broiler meat processing and yields
 Broiler meat quality
10. Biotechnology in animal production

 Definition of biotechnology
 Biotechnology methods
 Biotechnology: Opposing views
 The role of biotechnology: Facts
 Scope of biotechnology
 Potential benefits of biotechnology
 Increasing livestock productivity via biotechnology
 Practical applications of biotechnology: Artificial Insemination (AI); Estrus
detection; Estrus synchronization; Pregnancy Diagnosis; Semen collection and
evaluation; Gender control technology; Sperm sexing; Superovulation; Embryo
transfer
Contact hours
3 hours lectures per week
3 hours practical session per week
Assessment

2 Tests 20%
4 Quizzes 10%
10 Practical sessions 20%
Prescribed Text
Gillespie, J. R. 2004. Modern Livestock and Poultry Production.7th Edition. Thomson Delmar
Learning. USA. New York.
Recommended Texts
1) Faulkner, Dan B; Parret, D. F. and Stoughtenborough, T. 1998. Small Scale Beef
Production Handbook. University of Illinois Extension Manual.
2) Puck, B.; Maas, A. and Rijks, J. 2004. Dairy Cattle Husbandry. Agrodok 14.
Agromisa Foundation Wageningen. Netherlands.
15
3) Payne, W. J. A. and Wilson, R. T. 1999 An Introduction to Animal Husbandry in
the Tropics. Blackwell Science Limited. London. UK.
16
SECOND SEMESTER
COURSE TITLE: FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING FOR AGRIBUSINESS

Aim
To equip students with basic skills generating, analyzing and interpreting financial records
for agribusinesses.
Objectives
1) Generate journal and ledger books for different types of transactions for sole traders,
partnerships, limited companies, farmers and cooperatives
2) Generate and interpret final statements.
Course Outline
1. The concept of agribusiness accounting

 What is agribusiness accounting?
 Importance of accounting in agribusinesses
 Organisation of accounting system
 The accounting process
2. Books of entry
 The accounting equation
 Types of transactions and recording
 Types of journals
 Double entry and ledgers
 The trial balance
 Adjustments to trial balance
 Computer applications
3. Financial statements
 Production and processing accounts
 Income statements
 Balance sheets
4. Measures of agribusiness progress

 Financial ratios
 Trends in agribusiness activities
 Customer tracking
5. Special financial statements
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 Production and activity budgets
 Capital budgets
 Forecasts
 Cash flow statements
 Volume cost profit statements
Contact hours
1 tutorial per week
Assessment
2 Tests 20%
10 quizzes 10%
4 assignments 20%
Prescribed textbook
Wood, F. and Sangster, A. (2002). Business Accounting 1. 9th Edition, Prentice Hall.
1) Ainsworth, P. and Deines, D. (2002). Introduction to Accounting: an integrated
approach, 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill
2) Alexander, D. and Nobes, C. (2013). Financial Accounting: an international
introduction, Preason
3) Bendrey, M., Hussey, R. and West, C. (2005). Essentials of Financial Accounting in
Business, Thomson
4) Libby, R., Libby, P.A. and Short, D.G. (2004). Financial Accounting, McGraw-Hill
18
COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
Aim
To equip learners with knowledge on using the tools of the economics discipline in order to
understand the agricultural sector
Objectives
1) Demonstrate a basic knowledge of the principles of economics and their application to
agricultural problems.
2) Understand the basic role of agriculture in rural and general economic development.
Course Outline
1. Scope of agricultural economics

 Definition of Agricultural economics
 Agricultural Economics as a Social Science
 Importance of agribusiness in the economy
2. Characteristics of Agriculture Sector

 Structure of Agriculture Sectors
 Inputs Used (Factors of production) and Products of Agriculture
 Dual nature of Zambian agriculture
3. Problems of agricultural production Natural Resources

 Common Property Resources Problems
 Agriculture’s Natural Resources
4. Role of Agriculture in Economic Development

 Food security
 Employment And Income generation, poverty reduction
 Economic growth
 Export earnings
 Engine for growth
5. Principles of consumer demand

 Individual demand
 Market demand
 Determinants of market demand
 Price elasticity of demand
6. The Production function

 Production function
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 Types of inputs (variable and fixed)
 Total Physical Product
 Average Physical product
 Marginal physical product
 Law of diminishing returns
7. The Cost of Production

 Nature of costs
 Total cost
 Fixed costs
 Variable cost
 Average cost
 Marginal cost
8. Economics of input substitution

 Isoquant
 Iso-cost lines
 Optimal input combinations
9. Agricultural Demand and Supply Analysis

 Determination of Market Price
 Change in quantity demanded and change in demand
 Change in quantity supplied and change in supply
 Laws of supply and demand
 Functions of the price system
 Government intervention in the market (taxes, subsidies)
10. Competitive vs. Non-Competitive Markets

 Perfect competition
 Monopoly
 Oligopoly
11. Financial Picture of Agriculture

 Sources of agriculture finance
 Commercial banks
 The banking system and financial markets
12. Macroeconomics
 The National Income Accounts
 Public finance
 Taxation and public debt
 Macroeconomic Linkages to Agriculture
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13. International Agricultural trade
 Basis for foreign trade
 Balance of payments
 Trade in Agricultural Products
 Agricultural Trade of Zambia
14. Global Issues

 World Population Growth
 World Food Production Trends
 The Malthusian Dilemma
 The Role of Agriculture in Economic Growth
 Looking to the Future
Contact hours
3 lectures per week
1 tutorial per week
Assessment
2 Tests 20%
5 quizzes 10%
4 assignments 20%
Prescribed text
Cramer, G.L., Jensen, C.J. and Southgate, D.D. Jr (1997): Agricultural Economic and
Agribusiness, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Recommended Texts
1) Drummond, H.E. and Goodwin, J.W. (2011). Agricultural Economics. Prince-Hall
Inc., New Jersey.
2) Penson, J., Capps, O., Rosson, C. and Woodward, R. (2015). Introduction to
Agricultural Economics. Pearson New International Edition, 3rd Edition.
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COURSE TITLE: FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
COURSE CODE: AGC 222
Aim
To expose students to scientific and critical crop management skills in fruit and vegetable
production for high yields and quality
Objectives
1) Link scientific principles of crop production with the practice of vegetable and fruit
production.
2) Explain production practices associated with each vegetable and fruit crop discussed
3) Identify challenges in vegetable and fruit production and develop strategies of
addressing them in a profitable and environmentally sustainable manner.
4) Identify, develop and manage value addition strategies for major vegetables and fruits
of Zambia.
5) Identify post-harvest losses and develop strategies for minimizing the losses
6) Evaluate crop processing methods and procedures with respect to enterprise
profitability and environmental sustainability.
Course Outline
1. Introduction to Vegetable Production
 Some Characteristics of Vegetables
 Classification of Vegetables
2. Nursery Establishment and Management

 Importance of establishing a nursery
 Nursery Site Selection Factors
 Nursery Cultural Practices
 Transplanting Vegetable Seedlings
 Types of vegetable gardens
3. Cabbage Production
 Agro-ecological Requirements
 Cultural Practices
 Harvesting and Postharvest Practices
4. Rape Production
 Cultural Practices and Crop Establishment
 Harvesting & Postharvest Practices
5. Tomato Production
22
 Harvesting
6. Onion Production
 Harvesting
7. Introduction To Fruit Production

 Classification of fruit crops
8. Fruit Propagation Methods

 Sexual propagation
 Vegetative Propagation
9. Banana Production
10. Nursery and Orchard Establishment

 Site Selection Factors
 Orchard Design and Layout
 Harvesting
11. Pineapple Production

 Harvesting
12. Citrus Production

 Common Challenges Related to Citrus Production in Sub-Saharan Africa
 Harvesting
13. Mango Production

 Agro-ecological requirements
 Harvesting
14. Cashew Nut Production

 Challenges of the Cashew Nut Industry in Africa
23
 Harvesting
 Postharvest Deterioration and Potential Losses of Vegetable and Fruit Crops
Assessment
3 Tests 15%
2 Essays 10%
2 Assignments 10%
6 Quizzes 5%
Practicals/ field tours 10%
Prescribed Textbook
Tindall, H.D., Rice, R.P. and Rice, L.W. 1990. Fruit and Vegetable Production in Warm
Climates. Macmillan Education Publishers Limited.
Recommended Textbooks
1) Guarino, L. (ed). 1997. Traditional African Vegetables. Promoting the conservation
and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 16. Proceedings of the IPGRI
International Workshop on Genetic Resources of Traditional Vegetables in Africa:
Conservation and Use, 29-31 August 1995, ICRAF-HQ, Nairobi, Kenya. Institute of
Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic
Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
2) Tindall, H.D. 1983. Vegetables in the Tropics. Macmillan Education Publishers
Limited.
3) Whiley, A.W., Schaffer, B. and Wolstenholme, B.N. (Eds). 2002. The Avocado
Botany, Production and Uses. CABI Publishing.
24
COURSE TITLE: INTERMEDIATE AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Aim
To advance students in the concept of agribusiness, and the application of functional
management principles for managing agribusinesses.
Objectives
1) Explain the application of functional management principles in the management of
agribusiness
2) Relate how management principles are applied in procurement, production,
warehousing, marketing, finance and human resource.
Course Outline
1. The concept of functional management

 Overview of an agribusiness
 Overview of basic functions in agribusiness
 Elements of good management
 Major areas of management responsibilities
2. Guiding principles in registration of common types of agribusiness organisation

 Sole traders
 Partnerships
 Private limited liability companies
 Public limited liability companies
 Limited by guarantee companies
 Agricultural cooperatives
3. Financial skills in agribusiness management

 What are financial objectives of agribusiness?
 Economic characteristics of agribusiness products
 Economic principles for decision making
 Business tools for decision making
 Financial records and statements by type of agribusiness organisation
 Evaluating performance of agribusiness activities
 Financing agribusinesses
4. Controlling the agribusiness

 Why controlling the agribusiness
 Critical areas of control
25
 Control programmes
 Evaluating control of agribusiness programmes
5. Marketing in agribusiness
 Elements of agribusiness marketing
 Essence of marketing
 Organisation of the marketing department
 Activities of the marketing department
 The decision making process of consumers
 Buying patterns of consumers
 Meeting customer needs
 The selling process
 Market information
 IT application in marketing programmes
 Evaluating marketing programmes
6. Operating the agribusiness

 The business production model
 Organisation of the production department
 Procurement and inventory management
 Types of production
 Factory design
 Risk appraisal
 Warehouse management
7. Human resource management

 Importance of human resource in agribusiness
 Functions of human resource management
o Special considerations of gender, HIV/AIDS
 IDS and human rights
 Human resource planning
Contact hours
1 tutorial per week
Assessment
2 Tests 20%
10 quizzes 10%
4 assignments 20%
26
Prescribed textbook
Downey, D.W. and S.P. Erickson.1987. Agribusiness Management. McGraw-Hill
1) Somani, L.L. (2007): Dictionary of Agribusiness Management, Agrotech Publishing
Academy
2) The Companies Act of the Laws of Zambia
3) The Primary Societies Act
4) The Cooperative Act of the Laws of Zambia
27
COURSE TITLE: INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT I
COURSE CODE: ANR 203
Aim
Industrial training provides the impetus for the students to comprehend and appreciate real-
life working experiences in agriculture and natural resource management. Students may
realize their ambition and ascertain their career path from the experience gained during
industrial training. The attachment provides students the opportunity to meet and network
with people in the industry and to identify talents.
Objectives
1) Enhance university learning experience through involvement in industrial and
commercial field, thus enabling students to relate theoretical concepts with practical
situations
2) Evaluate issues and situations critically and propose well considered options and
solutions
3) Develop and enhance professional awareness and communication skills
4) Provide and improve labour market exposure and relevance which provides a breadth
of understanding of the agriculture sector in Zambia
Attachment Duration
6 weeks for each attachment
Assessments
The industrial attachment performance assessment is based on:
 Students’ logbook of daily activities
 Students’ Industrial attachment Final Report
 Industrial Training Supervisor’s report/Company or Institution Feedback Report
where the student is attached for training.
 Industrial Training Lecturers report through visit or survey.
28
THIRD YEAR
FIRST SEMESTER
COURSE TITLE: AGRIBUSINESS STATISTICS

Aim
To expose students to descriptive statistics, frequency distribution, estimation, probability

analysis, sampling, statistical hypothesis testing and data analysis through linear regression
and correlation. Additionally, students are to familiarize with other tests and Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA), goodness of fit tests and conduct practical excises using excel and
SPPS.
Objectives
1) Apply sound research methods
2) Interpret data and results
3) Conduct hypothesis tests in regression analysis
4) Use statistics and econometrics for decision making and recommendations
Course Outline
1. Introduction to Statistical Analysis

 The Nature of Statistics
 Descriptive Statistics
 Frequency Distribution
 Measures of Central Tendency
 Measures of Dispersion
 Shape of Frequency Distributions
2. Probability and Probability Distributions

 Combinations and Permutations
 Probability of a Single Event
 Probability of Multiple Events
 Discrete Probability Distribution: The Binomial Distribution
 The Poison Distribution
 Continuous Probability Distributions: The Normal Distribution
3. Statistical Inference: Estimation

 Sampling
 Sampling Distribution of the Mean
29
 Estimation Using the Normal Distribution
 Confidence Intervals for the Mean Using the t Distribution
4. Statistical Inference: Hypothesis Testing

 Testing Hypothesis
 Testing Hypothesis about the Population Mean
 Testing Hypotheses for Differences between two Means
 Chi-Square Test of Goodness of Fit and Independence
 Analysis of Variance
5. Simple Regression Analysis

 The Two-variable Linear Model
 The Ordinary Least Squares Method
 Tests of Significance of Parameter Estimates
 Tests of Goodness of Fit and Correlation
 Properties of Ordinary Least Squares Estimators
6. Multiple Regression Analysis

 The Three Variable Linear Model
 Tests of Significance of Parameter Estimates
 The Coefficient of Multiple Determination
 Test of the Overall Significance of the Regression
7. Problems in Regression Analysis

 Multicollinearity
 Heteroscedasticity
 Autocorrelation
 Errors in Variables
8. Further Techniques and Applications in Regression

 Functional Form
 Dummy Variables
 Distributed Lag Models
 Forecasting
 Binary Choice Models
9. Computer Applications in Econometrics

 Data Formats
 Microsoft Excel
 SPSS
Contact hours
30
1 hour tutorials per week
Assessment
2 Tests 30%
Assignments 10%
Quizzes 10%
Prescribed textbook
Salvatore, D and Reagle D. 2002. Theory and Problems of Statistics and Econometrics-
Schaums Outlines. 2nd Edition. Mcgraw-Hill
1) Maddala, G.S. 1992. Introduction to Econometrics. Second Edition. Englewood Cliffs,
New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
2) Mansfield, Edwin. 1994. Statistics for Business and Economics: Methods and
Applications. Fifth Edition. New York, London: W.W. Norton & Company.
3) Gujarati, D. 2005. Basic Econometrics,Sixth Edition. New York: MacGrawHill.
31
COURSE TITLE: AGRIBUSINESS MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS
Aim
To introduce learners to the basic tools and concepts of economics, which are relevant to
managers and policy makers in the agribusiness sector.
Objectives
1) Understand basic business functions
2) Acquire basic knowledge of quantitative skills to perform business analysis
3) Apply microeconomics to identify sound business strategies and decisions
4) Analyse challenges faced in decision making in the agribusiness sector
5) Analyse the economic environments in which business entities operate
6) Analyse the functioning of markets, the economic behavior of firms and other players
Course Outline
1. Introduction
 The goals of the firm
 Scope of managerial economics
 The Theory of The Firm
 The Nature Functions of Profit
 Methods of expressing Economic Relationships
 Total, Average Marginal Relationships
2. Optimization Techniques
 Constrained optimization
 Unconstrained optimization
3. Demand Analysis, Estimation and Forecasting techniques

 Demand for a Commodity
 Price Elasticity of Demand
 Income Elasticity of Demand
 Cross Price Elasticity of Demand
 Using Elasticities in Managerial Decision Making
 Demand Estimation and the Identification Problem
 Marketing Research Approaches to Demand
 Demand Estimation by Regression Analysis
4. Production and Cost Theory, Analysis and Estimation

 The organization of production and the production function
 Production function in one variable input
32
 Optimal use of the variable input
 Production function with two variable input
 Optimal combination of inputs
 Returns to scale
 Empirical production functions
5. Cost Theory, Analysis and Estimation

 The Nature of Cost
 Short run cost functions
 Long run cost curves
 Plant size and economies of scale
 Cost -volume- analysis operating leverage
6. Market Structure and Pricing Theory

 Market structure and degree of competition
 Perfect competition
 Competition in the global economy
 Monopoly
 Monopolistic competition
 Oligopoly and market concentration
 Oligopoly models
 Price discrimination
 International price discrimination and dumping
 Transfer pricing
 Pricing in practice
7. Regulation
 Government regulation to support business and to protect consumers, workers
and the environment
Contact hours
1 hour tutorial per week
Assessment
2 Tests 30%
Assignments 20%
Prescribed textbook
33
Salvatore, D .2014.Managerial Economics in a Global Economy. Thomson Leaning. India.
9thEdition
Recommended Readings
1) Truett, Lila J. and Dale B. Truett. 2004. Managerial Economics. John Wiley & Sons,
Inc. U.S.A. 8th edition.
2) Samuelson, W.F., Marks, S.G. 2012. Managerial economics. John Wiley & Sons,
Inc. U.S.A. 7th edition
3) Baye, R.M. 2009. Managerial Economics and Business strategy. McGraw-Hill,
Singapore
34
COURSE TITLE: FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN AGRIBUSINESS
Aim
The aim of the course is to develop knowledge and skills expected of an agribusiness
manager or practitioner relating to issues affecting investment, financing and dividend policy
decisions in agribusiness.
Objectives
1) Explain the basic concepts of corporate financial management
2) Analyze financial management issues: and
3) Assess and advise on the financial direction of the Agribusiness firm/ Institution
Course Outline
1. Introduction
 The nature and purpose of financial management in agribusiness
 Financial objectives and relationship with corporate strategy
2. Financial Management Environment

 Economic environment for agribusiness
 Nature and role of financial markets and institutions
3. Working capital management

 Working capital
 Managing working capital
 Working capital finance
4. Investment appraisal
 The nature of investment decisions and the appraisal process
 Investment appraisal using DCF methods
 Allowing for inflation and taxation
 Project appraisal and risk
 Specific investment decisions
5. Business Finance
 Source of , and raising short-term finance
 Sources of, and raising long term finance
 Dividend Policy
 Gearing and Capital structure considerations
 Finance for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
35
6. Cost of Capital
 The cost of capital
 Capital structure
7. Business Valuation
 Nature and purpose of the valuation of business and financial assets
 Models for evaluation of shares
 The evaluation of debt and other financial assets
8. Risk management
 The nature and types of risks and approaches to risk management
 Causes of exchange rate differences and interest rate fluctuations
 Hedging techniques for foreign currency and interest rate risks
Contact hours
Assessment
2 Tests 30%
4 Quizzes 10%
1 Assignment 10%
Prescribed textbook
Wood, F. and A. Sangster. 2005. Business Accounting 2. 10th edition. Pearson Education Ltd.
ISBN 0273693107
Recommended Texts
1) Frank Wood and Alan Sangster(2009): Business Accounting 1, 10th edition, Pearson
education Ltd. ISBN023681494
2) London School of Business and Finance. 2009. ACCA Paper F9 Financial
Management class notes
36
COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURAL MARKETING
Aim
To equip the students with knowledge on agricultural marketing systems and approaches for
analyzing problems in agricultural and food markets, and appreciate the roles of various
players in the marketing system.
Objectives
1) Outline the marketing functions and institutions required in the market system
2) Give the components of a marketing plan
3) Outline how marketing department is organized for successful marketing
4) Explain how marketing mix elements are evaluated in a marketing programme
Course Outline
1. The concept of agricultural marketing
 The agricultural marketing problem
 Marketing elements
 Importance of agricultural markets
2. Approaches to analyzing agricultural markets

 Philosophical approach
 Systems (institutional) approach
 Interest group approach
 Functional approach
 Marketing costs
3. Marketing planning and organisation

 Objectives and importance of the marketing department
 Marketing environment
 Components of a marketing plan
 Organization of the marketing department
 A survey of agricultural marketing strategies in Zambia
4. Introduction to commodity marketing in Zambia

 Grain marketing
 Livestock and meat marketing
 Poultry and poultry product marketing
 Dairy marketing
 Flower marketing
 Fruit and vegetable marketing
37
 Cotton marketing
 Tobacco marketing
5. Agricultural commodity trade

 Two region model and conditions for trade
 Market boundaries
 Role of exchange rate regimes
 Trade agreements
 Price analysis and market integration
6. Management of market and price risks

 Types of risk
 Risk maps
 Futures contracts
 Vertical integration
 Diversification
 Insurance policies
 Swap contracts and their applications
 Forward contracts
 Cooperative marketing
7. Controlling marketing programmes

 Marketing audits
 Approaches of evaluating marketing activities
 Monitoring and evaluating marketing programmes
Contact hours
3 hours per week of lectures, case studies, learning tours
1 hour tutorials
Assessment
2 Tests 20%
10 quizzes 10%
4 assignments 20%
Prescribed textbook
Kohls R.L, Uhl J.N. (2002): Marketing of Agricultural Products, Prentice Hall
1) Kotler, P. and Keller, K.L. (2009): Marketing Management, Pearson International
Edition
38
2) Downey, D.W. and Erickson, S.P.(1987): Agribusiness Management, McGraw-Hill
3) Seperich G.J., Woolverton M.W., Beierlein J.G. (1994): Introduction to Agribusiness
Marketing, Prentice Hall
4) Crawford, I.M. (1997): Agricultural and Food Marketing Management, FAO
Marketing and Agribusiness text 2, Rome
5) Carter, S. (1997): Global Agricultural Marketing Management, FAO Marketing and
Agribusiness text 3, Rome
6) Catlett B.L., Libbin J.D. (2007): Risk Management for Agriculture: A Guide to
Futures, Options and Swaps, Thomson-Delmer-Learning
39
COURSE TITLE: MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES
Aim
The aim is impart knowledge on principles governing the formation and management of
different types of agricultural cooperatives
Objectives
1) Give the concept of an agricultural cooperative
2) Appreciate the role of agricultural cooperatives in farm support
3) Explain the economic theories of operating agricultural cooperatives
4) Appreciate the financial management of agricultural cooperatives
Course Outline
1. Concept of agricultural cooperative
 What is an agricultural cooperative?
 Features of agricultural cooperatives
 Importance of cooperatives to agriculture
 Historical background in Zambia
 Current status in Zambia
2. Organisation and Administration of Agricultural Cooperatives

 Factors determining structure of cooperatives
 Types of organisational structures
 Administrative structures and management team
 The planning process in Cooperatives
 Performance appraisal
 Communication channels
 Education for cooperatives
3. Economic theory of input supply and consumer cooperatives

 Purpose of supply and consumer cooperatives
 Economic theory of cooperatives
 Market structure and underlying cost structure
 Optional objectives of supply and consumer cooperatives and policy decisions
 Problems of capacity and role of member and non-member businesses
 Long run adjustments and member business
4. Justification for supply and consumer cooperatives

 Limitations of individual member business
 Prevailing price mechanisms and market failure
40
 Risk management
 Input and output supply problems
 Volume factor and bargaining power of farmers
 The gender factor
5. Economic theory of marketing cooperatives

 Essence of marketing and processing cooperatives
 Optional objectives
 Industry type and underlying cost structure
 Member and non-member business
 Problems of capacity
 Long run adjustments
6. Justification for marketing cooperatives

 Limitations of individual member business
 Prevailing price mechanisms and market failure
 Risk management
 Output demand problems
 Volume factor and bargaining power of farmers
 The gender factor
7. Procurement and price decisions

 Logistics management
 Contracts
 Pricing arrangements for members and non-members
8. Financial matters
 Transactions agricultural cooperatives
 Financial statements
 Options for patronage refunds
 Treatments of losses
 Auditing and taxation
 Financing and equity redemption
9. Growth and adjustments

 Internal and external growth of agricultural cooperatives
 Cooperation with other cooperatives
 Dissolution of agricultural cooperatives
Case study of maize production inputs in Zambia and impact on agriculture
Contact hours per week

Lectures, case studies, learning tours 3
41
Tutorials 1
Assessment
2 Tests 20%
10 quizzes 10%
4 assignments 20%
Prescribed text
Cobia, D. (1989): Cooperatives in Agriculture
Recommended texts:
1) Cooperative training manuals from MACO
2) Cooperative Act from MACO
3) Prakash, D. (1999): Paradigm shift in the management of agricultural cooperatives
Asia, International Cooperative Alliance and Indian Farmers’ Fertilizer Cooperative
publishers, New Delhi
4) Prakash, D. (1999): Japan agricultural cooperatives: Characteristics of agricultural
cooperatives , and rural communities in Japan: then and now, International Cooperative
Alliance publishers, New Delhi
5) Biser, L.C. (1985): Farm supply cooperatives: Structure, operations, and growth in the
Midsouth (ACS research report), U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Cooperative
Service
6) Wadsworth, J.J. (1994): Inventory management strategies for local farm supply
cooperatives (SuDoc A 109.9:41), U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Cooperative
Services/Rural Development Administration
42
SECOND SEMESTER
COURSE TITLE: AGRIBUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS

Aim
To equip students with in-depth knowledge and skills in conducting sound research in
agribusiness.
Objectives
1) Identify researchable problems
2) Develop a research project
3) Execute a research project
4) Interpret research results and write a report
5) Communicate research results to users
Course Outline
 Introduction to Research
 The meaning and importance of research in the social and physical sciences;
 Types of research
 Sources of knowledge
 The scientific method
 The research process
 Types of Research
 Basic research
 Applied research
 Basic and applied research
 Objectives of research
 Exploratory
 Descriptive
 Correlational and
 Explanatory research.
 Identification and formulation of the Research Problems

 Criteria for the choice of a research topic
 Review of the literature
 Identification of the variables: models, theories and hypotheses;
 Formulating hypotheses
43
4. Measurement of the Variables
 The concept of measurement
 Conceptual and operational definitions
 Scales of measurement
5. Research Design
 Description of research design
 Types of designs
 Choice of appropriate research design
6. Sampling
 Theory and practice of sampling
 Types of sampling designs
 Choice of the appropriate sampling design
 Sample size
 Probability and non-probability sampling.
 Sampling errors and related problems
7. Data Collection basic concepts and techniques

 Quantitative versus qualitative data.
 Primary data
 Secondary sources of data
 Observation, interviews and questionnaires and focus groups.
 Problems and solutions in the field.
8. Construction of Research Instruments

 The questionnaire
 Types of questionnaires
 Questionnaire design
 Stages in questionnaire construction
 Pitfalls in questionnaire construction
9. Data Preparation and Processing

 Coding, editing, checking & storage of data
 Computer analysis and data presentation
10. Report Format- survey report writing.

 Format and content of the report.
11. Other topics

 Uses and abuses of research
 Ethnical consideration in research
44
 Research budgeting and funding
Contact hours
3 hours lecturesper week
Assessment
2 Tests 30%
Assignments 20%
Prescribed Text
Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. 2015.Research methods for business students, 7th
edition, Pearson Education, Harlow.
Recommended Readings
1) Bhattacherjee, A. 2012. Social Science Research: Principles, Methods,
andPractices, University of South Florida
2) Bless, C. and C. Higson – Smith, 1997.Fundamentals of Social Research Methods:
An African Perspective.Juta and Company, Cape Town
3) Greener, S. 2008. Business Research Methods. Ventus publishing Aps. Download
freebooks at bookboon.com
45
COURSE TITLE: AGRIBUSINESS OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT AND LOGISTICS
Aim
To equip learners with knowledge on the basic concepts of operations management and
logistics, relevant for agribusiness management.
Objectives
1) Define and describe the basic concepts of operations management
2) Distinguish between different forms of production systems
3) Explain the importance of a firm’s competitiveness in an industry
4) Use a variety of forecasting techniques
5) Determine and forecast production capacity requirement
6) Understand the importance of total quality management system
7) Understand the concepts and techniques of inventory management for independent
and dependent demand items
Course Outline
1. Introduction
 Definition of Production and Operations Management (POM)
 Historical evolution of POM
 Factors affecting operations management
 The concept of production and production systems
 Types of production systems
2. Competitiveness, Strategy and tactics

 Competitiveness
 Mission and strategies
 Operations strategy
 Internal and external factors to consider when developing strategies
 Measurement of productivity
3. Product and service design

 The key questions
 Legal, ethical and other considerations
 Sustainability
 Phases in product design
 Designing for production
 Quality function deployment (The Kano model)
4. Forecasting
46
 Importance of forecasting
 Elements of a good forecast
 Steps in forecasting process
 Approaches to forecasting
 Monitoring the forecast
 Choosing a forecasting technique
5. Capacity, Location and Layouts

 Capacity and its measures
 Determinants of effective capacity
 Forecasting capacity requirement
 The need for location decisions
 General procedures for making location decision
 Evaluating location alternatives
 Facilities layout
6. Quality Management
 The evolution of quality management
 Traditional versus modern quality management
 Quality and the supply chain
 Total quality management
7. Inventory management
 Nature and importance of inventories
 Requirements for effective inventory management
 Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) models
 When to Re-order
 ABC classification
 The single period model
8. Supply chain management

 Trends in supply chain management
 Global supply chains
 Procurement
 E-Business
 Supplier management
9. Logistics Management
 Role of logistics
 Approaches to logistics management
 Logistics components
 Customer service
47
 Logistics and channel management
 Physical distribution
 Monitoring and evaluation
Contact Hours
Assessment
2 Tests 25%
Quizzes 5%
Assignments 20%
Prescribed Text
Norman, G. and G. Frazier. 2002. Operations Management. 9th Edition. South-Western
Thomson Learning, USA
Recommended Text
1) Stevenson, W.J. 2009. Operations Management. 10th Edition. McGraw-Hill, New
York
2) Harms, H.R. & Kroon, D.K. 1992. Production Systems Technology.
MacMillan/McGrew-Hill:Illinois.
3) Resenbloom, B. 2004. Marketing Channels: A management view. Thomson-South –
Western.
4) Walker, L.D. 2003. Operations Management: A supply Chain Approach. 2nd Edition.
Cengage learning EMEA:UK.
5) Heizer, J.& Render, B. 2011. Operations Management. 8th Edition. Prentice Hall,
New Jersey.
48
COURSE TITLE: PROCESSING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
Aim
This course aims to equip students with functional knowledge and skills necessary to
establish and manage an agricultural processing facility for optimal conversion of
agricultural-based bio-resources into other usable forms such as food, fibre, and energy.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
1) Demonstrate understanding of the concepts, scope and significance of agro-processing
in the agricultural value chain.
2) Set-up an agricultural processing facility with creativity and innovation based on
knowledge of the morphology and physiology of agricultural produce, unit operations
in the agro-processing industry, process analysis, engineering principles of agro-
processing machinery, and value chain analysis.
3) Effectively manage the operations of an agro-processing facility.
Course Outline
1. Introduction to Post-Harvest Technology and Processing

 Concepts and Definitions
 Scope
 Significance
2. Morphology and Physiology of Agricultural Produce

 Maturation
 Senescence
 Metabolism
 Deterioration
 Properties
3. Unit Operations in the Agro-Processing Industry

 Pre-processing Operations
 Fluid-Flow Operations
 Heat Transfer Operations
 Mass Transfer Operations
 Mixing Operations
 Size Reduction Operations
 Packaging
4. Process Analysis
49
 Material Balances
 Energy Balances
 Cost Estimation
5. Engineering Principles of Agro-Processing Machinery

 Conceptual Design
 Plant Design
 Process Control
 Optimization
6. Value Chain Analysis for Agro-Processing

 Internal Cost Analysis
 Internal Differentiation Analysis
 Vertical Linkage Analysis
 Strategic Frameworks
7. Operations Management Principles

 Operations Planning
 Manufacturing Management
 Environmental Management
 Inventory Management
 Distribution and Logistics
Contact hours
 Lectures: 3 hours per week
 Practicals: 3 hours per week
Assessment

Tests 20%
Assignments 15%
Labs/practicals 15%
Total 100%
Prescribed Textbooks
Smith, P.G. 2011. Introduction to Food Process Engineering, 2nd Edition. Springer
Science+Business Media, LLC.
50
1) Golob, P., Graham Farrell, G., and Orchard, J.E.(Editors). 2002. Crop Post-Harvest:
Science and Technology: Principles and Practice, Volume 1. Wiley-Blackwell
2) Earle, R. L. and Earle, M.D. 2004. Unit Operations in Food Processing. The New
Zealand Institute of Food Science & Technology (Inc.).
3) CIGR.1999. Handbook of Agricultural Engineering, Volume IV. American
Society of Agricultural Engineers: Michigan.
4) Reddy, R.N. 2010. Agricultural Process Engineering. Gene-Tech Books: New
Delhi
5) Srivasta A.K., Goering C.E., Rohrbach R.P. 1996. Engineering Principles of
Agricultural Machines. American Society of Agricultural Engineers: Michigan.
6) Cachon, G. and Terwiesch, C. 2017. Operations Management, 1st Edition.
McGraw-Hill Education: London
51
COURSE TITLE: MANAGEMENT OF FARM ENTERPRISES
Aim
The aim of the course is to expose learners to the basic concepts and application of principles
of farm management
Objectives
1) Explain some basic farm management skills and procedures of running a farm.
2) Explain how a farm is planned, organized and established.
3) Give some methods of resource mobilization and allocation.
4) Carry out some investment analysis and human resource management procedures.
5) Explain the need for and use of various data records and financial statements: and
6) Formulate and use the relevant farm records in agribusiness enterprise
Course Outline
1. Concept of farm management

 What is farm management?
 Farm enterprise and its components
 Challenges of farm management in the 21st century
 Functions of a farm business manager
2. Decision making in farm business management

 The decision making process
 Setting farm business goals
3. Types farm businesses

 Sole Proprietorship
 Corporation
 Partnership
 Limited Liability Company
4. Farming systems and farm types in Zambia

 Subsistence
 Small-scale
 Emergent
 Commercial
5. Farm Records management
 Farm records and purpose
 Acquiring and organizing management information
 Poultry records
 Crop records
52
 Livestock records
 Inventory records
 Machinery records
 Labour productivity records
 Farm activities
 Accounting terms and procedures
 Farm account flow charts
6. Decision making in farm business management

 The production function
 Choosing the level of input use
 Choosing the level of production
 Substitute, Complementary Products
 Enterprise combination ( Linear programming and graphical approach)
 Cost analysis
 Gross marginal analysis
7. Farm business planning and budgeting

 The Farm Business Plan
 Enterprise Budgeting
 Partial & Complete Budgeting
 Cash Flow Budgeting
 Whole farm planning
 Growth projections
8. Evaluation of the farm business

 Asset Valuation
 Depreciation
 Income taxes
9. Farm financial statements:

 Income statement:
 Formats of farm income statement
 Adjustments, analysis and interpretation of farm income statements
 Balance sheet:
 Format of balance sheets
 Adjustments, analysis and interpretation of balance sheets
10. Measures of farm managerial success

 Financial indicators Ratios (Solvency, Liquidity, Profitability)
 Farm input and output indicators
 Customer based indicators
11. Investment Analysis
53
 The discounted cash flow techniques
 Net present worth (NPW/V)
 Internal rate of return (IRR)
 The benefit cost ratio (B/C)
 The Net Benefit Investment Ratio (B/I)
12. Decision Making under risk and uncertainty

 Defining risk and uncertainty
 Risk attitudes
 Strategies for managing risk in the farm business
13. Resource mobilization and use efficiency

 Natural resources (Land and Water)
 Labour management
 Capital management
 Machinery management
 Conservation and the environment
14. Other issues

 Farm management surveys
 Gender issues in business management
 Gender Roles in Decision making at farm level
 Farm business, dynamic consumer needs and health matters
Contact hours
3 hours per week of lectures
3 hours tutorials and exercises
Assessment
3 tests 30%
Quizzes 10%
1 term paper 10%
Prescribed textbooks
Hunt, D. 2007. Farm Power and Machinery Management. Waveland Pr, Inc
Recommended text books

1) Kadlec, J.E. 1985. Farm Management: Decisions, Operation, Control. Prentice Hall
College
2) Kay R.D., Edwards W.M., Duffy P.A. (2008): Farm Management, McGraw-Hill
3) Barnard C.S. and J.S. Nix (1994): Farm Planning and Control, Cambridge University
Press
54
4) Olson, K.D. (2003): Farm Management: Principles and Strategies, Wiley-Blackwell
5) Mason, J. (1997): Farm Management , Kangaroo Press
6) Turner, J. Taylor, M. (1998): Applied Farm Management, Wiley-Blackwell
55
COURSE TITLE: INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT II
Aim
Industrial training provides the impetus for the students to comprehend and appreciate real-
life working experiences in agriculture and natural resource management. Students may
realize their ambition and ascertain their career path from the experience gained during
industrial training. The attachment provides students the opportunity to meet and network
with people in the industry and to identify talents.
Objectives
5) Enhance university learning experience through involvement in industrial and
commercial field, thus enabling students to relate theoretical concepts with practical
situations
6) Evaluate issues and situations critically and propose well considered options and
solutions
7) Develop and enhance professional awareness and communication skills
8) Provide and improve labour market exposure and relevance which provides a breadth
of understanding of the agriculture sector in Zambia
Attachment Duration
6 weeks for each attachment
Assessments
The industrial attachment performance assessment is based on:
 Students’ logbook of daily activities
 Students’ Industrial attachment Final Report
 Industrial Training Supervisor’s report/Company or Institution Feedback Report
where the student is attached for training.
 Industrial Training Lecturers report through visit or survey.
56
FOURTH YEAR
FIRST SEMESTER
COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS

Aim
The course provides knowledge on how economic principles are applied in developing the
agricultural sector, sector transformation, sector integration with other sectors in an economy,
and effects of international linkages on agricultural development. It covers the concept of
development, development theories and place of agriculture, agricultural systems and
resource use, movers of agricultural development, international linkages and agricultural
development
Objectives
1) Explain how agricultural development and transformation models work
2) Identify institutions required for harmonization for agricultural development
3) Explain the benefits and problems of international trade, and capital, aid and debt
flows
Course Outline
1. Concept of development
 World food and development problems
 Hunger and malnutrition
 Food demand dynamics and nutrition
 Inequality and poverty
 Population distribution and growth
 The gender dimension
 Determinants of urban-rural disparity
 Concept of development
2. Development theories and the place of agriculture

 Economic transformation
 Capital accumulation
 Dual economic models
 Growth stages
 Dependence and protectionism
 Technology innovations
 Role of public institutions
 Economic growth
57
 Green revolution technology model
 Models for analysis of food security and sustainable agriculture
3. Agricultural systems and resource use

 Agriculture in traditional society
 Systems and their determinants
 From traditional to commercial agriculture
 Resource use and sustainability
 Labour, family structures and gender roles
4. Movers of agricultural development

 Theories and strategies for development
 Research, extension and education institutions
 Land and labour development institutions
 Input and credit markets
 Infrastructure development
 Farmer pressure organizations
 Pricing policies and marketing systems
 Output markets
 Agricultural development issues in the country
5. International linkages and agricultural development

 International trade flows
 Trade policies and treaties
 Macroeconomic policies and agricultural development
 Capital flows and foreign aid
6. Some Critical Issues for the Twenty-First Centaury

 Global Interdependence and the Growth of Developing World Markets
 The Global Environment and Developing World Agriculture
 The Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa
 Agricultural development issues in Zambia
 Globalization and International Financial Reforms
Contact hours
Assessments
3 tests 30%
Group tasks and presentations 10%
1 term paper 10%
58
Prescribed textbook
Norton, G.W. 2006. The Economics of Agricultural Development. New York, USA

1) Torado, M.P. and S.C. Smith. 2009. Economic Development. Addison-Wesley
2) Coleman, D. and F. Nixon. 1988. Economics of change in Less Developed Countries.
Phili-Allan
3) Norton, G.W., J. Alwang and W.A. Masters. 2010. Economics of Agricultural
Development. 2nd Edition, Routledge Textbooks in Environmental and Agricultural
Economics
4) La-Anyane, S. (1985):Economics of Agricultural Development in Tropical Africa,
5) John Wiley & Sons Ltd
6) Sims, H. (1989): Political Regimes, Public Policy and Economic Development:
Agricultural Performance and Rural Change in the Two Punjabs, Sage Publications
Pvt. Ltd
7) Krueger, A.O. (1992): Political Economy of Agricultural Pricing Policy A Synthesis
of the Economics in Developing Countries Political Economy of Agricultural Pricing
Policy, World Bank Comparative Study, The Johns Hopkins University Press
59
COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Aim
This course unit aims at equipping the learners with the main concepts and philosophies of
agricultural project management.
Objectives
1) Understand and explain the concept of project management
2) Explain how project management differs from traditional management and the
different organizational structures employed
3) Explain potential benefits and challenges of using a project management approach in
agricultural projects
4) Demonstrate the essential Project Management skills
Course Outline
1. Introduction
 The Project concept
 What is agricultural project management
 Characteristics of an agricultural project
 Potential benefits and challenges of agricultural projects management
 The history of project management
2. Identifying Project Costs and Benefits

 Objectives, Costs and Benefits
 Costs of agricultural Projects
 Tangible benefits of agricultural projects
 Secondary Costs and Benefits
 Intangible Costs and Benefits
3. Individuals and Team issues

 Introduction
 The Project Manager
 Project team staffing
 Project team motivation
 Project team communication
 Project team stress
 Conflict identification and stress
4. Project Risk Management

 Introduction
60
 Background to risk in agribusiness
 Risk handling
 Types of risks in agriculture
 The concept of risk management
5. Project Time Planning and Control

 The concept of Project time planning and control
 Programme Evaluation and Review Techniques (PERT)
 Critical Path Method (CPM)
 Project planning software
6. Project Cost Planning and Control

 Introduction
 Project planning and control systems in agriculture
7. Project Scope Management

 Define Project Scope
 Work Break Down Structures(WBS)
 Deliverables
 Milestones
 Technical requirements
.
8. Project Quality Management
 Introduction
 The Quality Gurus
 Total Quality Management
 The Quality Management “six pack”
9. Measuring of Projects Worth

 Comparing Projects Costs and Benefits
 Pay back
 Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)
 Net Present Value (NPV)
 Internal Rate of Return(IRR)
 Benefit Cost- Ratio
10. Case Study
Assessment
2 Tests 20%
1 Assignments 20%
61
1 Case Study 10%
Prescribed textbook
Gittinger, J. 1984. Economic Analysis of Agricultural Projects. Economic Institute of the
World Bank
Recommended Texts
1) Project Management Institute. 2004. A guide to the Project Management Body of
Knowledge Guide, 3rd Edition. Newton Square, Pennsylvania Project Management
Institute
2) Irvin, George. 2008. Modern Cost –Benefit methods. An introduction to Financial,
62
COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION METHODS
Aim
To equip students with the knowledge and skills required to advise farmers on agricultural
enterprises.
Objectives
1) Advise farmers on agribusiness development and management
2) Disseminate useful knowledge and information relating to agriculture and
agribusiness
3) Establish the linkage between research output and communities/industry needs.
Course Outline
1. Concepts, Philosophy and Terminology in Agricultural Extension

 Overview of Agricultural Extension
 Definitions of Agricultural Extension
 Terminology in Agricultural Extension
2. History of Agricultural Extension

 Origins of Agricultural Extension
 Generations of Extension Services
3. Agricultural Extension and Society

 Principles for Rural Development
 Framework for farming households
 Food production and preparations
 Community Development
 Self-help schemes
 Innovations in Agriculture
 Social systems and adoption
4. Agricultural Extension Methods and Approaches

 Production, selection and use of teaching/learning aids
 Initiating change
 Learning practical skills
 Learning managerial skills
 Mass media in extension
5. Extension Policy and Organization Issues

 Organizational structures
 Ministry of Agriculture
 Functions of management
 Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation of Agricultural Extension Services
 Integration of extension with other services
 Problems of Agricultural Extension
63
 In-service training of extension staff
 Selection of extension staff
 Motivating extension staff
6. Gender Issues in Agricultural Extension

 Social and economic factors affecting gender in assets control
 Gender inequalities in land ownership
 Gender myths versus reality
 Agriculture for nutrition and health
7. Strengthening Research - Extension/Farmer Linkages

 Relationship between research and extension services
 Farmers participation in agricultural research
 Indigenous knowledge in research and extension
8. Extension’s role in Sustainable Agricultural Development

 Autonomous extension approach
 Package approach
 Contract farming approach
 Integrated regional development approach
9. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO’s) in Agricultural Extension

 Role of NGO’s in Agricultural Extension Services
 NGO’s Agricultural projects supporting extension
 Reaching the disadvantaged groups – women, youths and the poor
Teaching Methods
Lectures, discussions, case studies, guest speakers, visits.
Duration per week

4 hours

2 tests 20%
1 assignment 20%
Field trip/video report 10%
Prescribed textbook
Adams M. E. 1982. Agricultural Extension in Developing Countries, Longmans Group
Limited, England.
1) Crouch B. R. and Chamala S. 1981. Extension Education and Rural Development,
John Wiley and Sons Limited, New York, USA.
2) Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 1997.
3) The History, development and future of Agricultural Extension, Gwyn E. Jones and
Chris Garforth.
64
4) Improving Agricultural Extension – A reference manual by E. Swarison, Robert P.
Bente and Andrew J. Sofranko
5) Van den Ban, A.W. & H.S. Hawkins, (1996), Agricultural Extension, 2nd Ed,
Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK
65
COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Aim
The aim is impart theoretical and practical skills of developing and running an agribusiness
enterprise of their choice.
Objectives
1) Generate and present one bankable business proposal of own choice.
2) Critique at least one business in the surrounding areas
3) Present reports from motivational talks
Course Outline
1. Concept of agricultural entrepreneurship
 Business gaps in Zambia’s agricultural system

 What is agricultural entrepreneurship?
 Entrepreneurship opportunities
 Creativity and opportunity recognition
2. Assembling agribusiness resources
 Business information assembly

 Team assembly
 Financial resources assembly
 Business mode
 Business planning
3. Launching an agribusiness venture
 Legal issues of new ventures

 Marketing a venture
 Planning for competitive advantage
4. Building lasting success for an agribusiness venture
 Strategies for lasting success

 Managing new ventures for growth
5. Winding up agribusiness ventures
 Exit strategies
 Estimating business value
 The public company option
 Bankrupts
 Exit and life span
66
6. Entrepreneurship Practice
Option 1
 Running a student planned agribusiness enterprise on campus

 2 motivational talks
 visit to AgBIT
Option 2 (subject to option 1 not being feasible)
 Critiquing businesses (MU farm, Small-holder farm enterprise, Input

supply enterprise, Processing enterprise, Marketing enterprise, Support enterprise,
Cooperative)
 Bankable business proposal
 2 motivational talks
 visit to AgBIT

Class discussions 1
Student practice 3
Assessment
Prescribed textbooks
Baron, R.A. and Shane, S.A. (2005). Entrepreneurship: a process perspective. 2nd edition.
Thomson and Southwestern
1) Deakins, D. and Freel, M. (2012). Entrepreneurship and Small Firms. 6th edition.
McGraw-Hill
2) Beaver, G. (2012). Small Business Entrepreneurship and Entreprise Development.
Prentice-Hall
67
COURSE TITLE: AGRIBUSINESS RESEARCH PROJECT
Aim
To guide students in the practical steps in carrying out a research project i.e. formulation of
topic, planning and implementation of their research proposal and writing of report (research
process). Students will be exposed to seminar presentations and will be allowed to present
their work especially at the late stage of their study
Objectives
1) Formulate a research proposal, in readiness for implementation
2) Carry out a research project following the steps in the research process and write
research reports.
3) Make effective presentations of the scientific research outcomes
Course Outline
1. Introduction
 Information literacy (how to find resources in the library, citations, plagiarism etc)
 e-library resources
2. Overview of the research process

 Principles of research
 What is a research proposal
 What are the essential ingredients of the research proposal
3. Guided studies and supervision

 Choice of supervisors
 Guided studies and supervision
4. Seminars
 Presentation of research proposal
 Seminar presentation
 Presentation of results
 Presentation of the final work
Contact hours
Assessment
68
Class Participation /quiz 5%
Oral presentation 30%
Final Research Project 65 %
Total 100%
Prescribed Text
Kothari, C.R. (1990). Research methodology: methods and techniques, 2nd. Ed.,
WishwaPrakashan, New Delhi
Recommended text
1) Douglas C Montgomery. 2001(or Latest Edition). Design and Analysis of
Experiments. Wiley Student Edition, 5th Edition.
2) Kumar, Ranjit (1999). Research methodology: a step by step guide for beginners, 2nd.
ed., Sage, London
69
SECOND SEMESTER
COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY MARKETING

Aim
To equip students with knowledge on commodity marketing systems in, and apply it in
defining the framework of the marketing problem, and appreciating the importance of crop
and livestock markets.
Objectives
1) Outline the marketing functions and institutions required in crop and livestock
marketing
2) Demonstrate how marketing mix elements are applied in selected crop and livestock
marketing
Course outline
1. Grain marketing
 The grain marketing problem
 Grain production and uses
 The marketing systems
 Grain marketing functions
 International grain trade
 Futures and forward contracts
 Grain marketing costs
2. Cotton and textile marketing

 The cotton marketing problem
 The cotton marketing system
 Consumption trends
 Marketing margins and prices
 Marketing costs
3. Tobacco and tobacco product marketing

 The tobacco marketing problem
 Production patterns of tobacco
 The tobacco marketing system and value chain
 Regulatory framework
 Tobacco trade
 Supply control and price systems
 Challenges in tobacco marketing
4. Fruit and vegetable marketing

 The fruit and vegetable marketing problem
70
 The fruit and vegetable marketing systems and value chains
 Production and consumption patterns of fruits and vegetables
 Channels of fruits and vegetables
 International trade in fruits and vegetables
 Marketing costs and farm shares
5. Flower marketing
 The flower marketing problem
 The flower marketing systems and value chains
 Production and consumption patterns of flowers
 Channels of flower distribution
 International trade in flowers
 Marketing costs and farm shares
6. Livestock and meat marketing

 The livestock and meat marketing problem
 Objectives of livestock marketing
 The livestock marketing system and value chain
 Restocking and livestock trade
 Consumption patterns of meat products
 Meat processing and packaging
 Meat wholesaling and retailing
 Livestock marketing costs
7. Milk and dairy product marketing

 The milk marketing problem
 The milk marketing system
 Quality assurance in milk marketing
 Milk products and consumption
 Milk pricing
 Fluid milk channels
8. Poultry marketing
 The poultry marketing problem
 Production patterns of poultry
 The poultry marketing system and value chain
 Regulatory framework
 Restocking and livestock trade
 Consumption patterns of meat products
 Poultry processing and packaging
 Poultry wholesaling and retailing
 Marketing costs
71
9. Egg marketing
 The egg marketing problem
 The egg marketing system and value chain
 Consumption patterns of eggs
 Egg processing and packaging
 Egg wholesaling and retailing
 Marketing costs

Lectures 3
Tutorials 1
Assessment
2 Tests 20%
10 quizzes 10%
4 assignments 20%
Prescribed text
Kohls R.L, Uhl J.N. (2002): Marketing of Agricultural Products, Prentice Hall
1) Kotler, P. and Keller, K.L. (2009): Marketing Management, Pearson International
Edition
2) Downey, D.W. and Erickson, S.P.(1987): Agribusiness Management, McGraw-Hill
3) Seperich G.J., Woolverton M.W., Beierlein J.G. (1994): Introduction to Agribusiness
Marketing, Prentice Hall
4) Crawford, I.M. (1997): Agricultural and Food Marketing Management, FAO
Marketing and Agribusiness text 2, Rome
5) Carter, S. (1997): Global Agricultural Marketing Management, FAO Marketing and
Agribusiness text 3, Rome
6) Catlett B.L., Libbin J.D. (2007): Risk Management for Agriculture: A Guide to
Futures, Options and Swaps, Thomson-Delmer-Learning
72
COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURE INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Aim
To expose the students to the concept of international trade in agriculture.
Course Objectives
1) Explain importance of international trade, why we trade and concepts of international
trade
2) Relate international trade issues with the operations of a firm
3) Assess the impact of proposed international economic policies
4) Appreciate the interrelatedness of national economies
5) Evaluate economy wide problems of free trade, protectionism, competitiveness and
benefits from trade
Course Outline
1. Basis for International trade

 Importance of trade
 Why does trade occur?
 Overview of international agricultural trade
2. Classical Theory of International Trade

 Mercantilist’s views on trade
 Adam Smith’s Absolute advantage
 Ricardo’s law of Comparative advantage
 Comparative advantage and opportunity cost theory
 Determination of Terms of trade
3. Neoclassical Theory of International Trade

 Heckscher-Ohlin theorem
 Factor intensities and abundance
 Factor Price Equalization theorem
 Stolper Samuelson theorem
 Trade (differences in factor endowments)
 Terms of trade and trade patterns
 Gains from trade
4. Terms of trade
 Calculating a country’s terms of trade
 Determinants of terms of trade
73
5. The Concept of Free Trade
 Relationship between imports & exports
 Optimal trade policy
 Benefits of free trade
 Arguments for and against free trade
6. Trade Policies
 Motives for protection
 Effective Rate of protection
 Domestic Resource cost
 Modern trade theory and trade policy
 Instruments of strategic trade policy
(i) Tariffs, quotas, subsidies, product standards and regulations and other NTBs.
 Preferential duties
 Export competitiveness
 Export diversification
7. The impact of Trade Policies

 Partial equilibrium analysis of trade restrictions
 Tariffs and welfare implications of tariffs
8. Zambia’s export incentives and trade policy

 Policy instruments: Tariffs & non-tariff barriers to trade
9. Welfare effects of trade policy instruments

 Policy instruments: Tariffs & non-tariff barriers to trade
 Partial equilibrium analysis of trade restrictions
 Welfare effects of trade policies on export and import nations
10. Economic Integration

 Forms of economic integration
 Experiences of economic integration
 Welfare effects of economic integration
(i) Trade creation vs. trade diversion (customs unions)
 Economic integration and trade patterns
 The evolution of the European Union
 The Common Market for Eastern and Sothern Africa
 The Southern Africa Development Community
11. World Trade Sytem

 General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade
-World Trade Organization
 Uruguay Round, Doha Round
74
Contact hours
1 hour tutorials/field trip per week
Assessment
2 Tests 30%
Research paper 10%
Quizzes 10%
Prescribed textbook
Koo, W.W. and P.L Kennedy. 2008. International Trade and Agriculture. John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
1) Reed, M. 2016. International Trade in Agricultural Products. McGraw-Hill
2) Cardwell, M.N., Grossman, M.R and Rodgers, C.P. 2003. Agriculture and
International Trade: law, policy and the WTO. University of Leeds, UK.
75
COURSE TITLE: STRATEGIC AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Aim
To equip students with knowledge on how to position an agribusiness with respect to the
environment affecting it.
Objectives
1) Explain the different types of agribusiness environment and suggest alternative
approaches that can be taken to position the agribusiness
2) Suggest roles that can be played by cooperatives and associations in promoting
agribusinesses
Course Outline
1. Concept of strategic management
 What is strategy?
 What is strategic management?
 Understanding company values, vision, and mission statement
 Types of strategy
 Formulating strategy
 Framework for strategic management
2. Strategic Analysis
 Defining the agribusiness environment

 SWOT analysis
 Competition analysis
 Internal analysis: value creation and resource strategy
 Assessment of organizational performance
3. Strategy formulation and business level strategy
 Concept of business level strategy

 Generic competitive strategies
 Resource based approach to strategic formulation
 Industry cycle
 Market instability and strategy formulation
4. Strategy formulation and corporate level strategy
 Concept of corporate level strategy

 Growth strategies
76
 Business integration
 Implementing growth strategies
 Portfolio analysis
 Corporate parenting
 Strategic evaluation
5. International strategy and globalisation
 Globalisation and localization – which way to go

 Strategies for going global
 Global entry modes
6. Strategy implementation: Organisational systems and strategic change
 Organisational structures
 Organisational process
 Strategic control systems
 Strategic change
 Strategic leadership
 Leadership and management
 Learning organisation
 Emotional intelligence and leadership performance
 Leadership capabilities
 Leadership and company vision, values and culture
 Leading strategic change
 Chaos and leadership
7. Strategy implementation: Corporate governance
 Concept of corporate governance

 Purpose of corporation
 Corporate collapse and governance codes
 Corporate governance reform
8. Strategy implementation: Cooperatives in agribusiness
 Concept of cooperatives
 Types of cooperatives
 Economic theories of input supply, consumer and marketing cooperatives
 Role of cooperatives serving farmer interests
9. Strategy implementation: Associations in agribusiness
 Concept of associations
 Types of associations
77
 Economic theories of associations in managing input supply, consumer and
marketing activities

Lectures 3
Tutorials 1
Assessment
2 Tests 20%
10 quizzes 10%
4 assignments 20%
Prescribed textbook
Henry, A.E. 2011. Understanding Strategic Management, 2nd edition, Oxford University
Press
1) Hill, C.W.L and Jones, G.R. 2010. Strategic Management: An Integrated Approach –
cases, 9th edition, South-Western Cengage Learning
2) Hannagan, T. 2002. Mastering Strategic Management, Palgrave Master Series
78
COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURAL AND AGRIBUSINESS POLICIES
Aim
The course aims to provide knowledge of different policies that affect agriculture and
agribusiness, and analysis of impacts of policies on targeted sectors using policy analysis
matrix.
Objectives
1) Explain the importance of agricultural policies
2) Explain and demonstrate impacts of commodity policies and factor price policies
3) Conduct some analysis and critique on some policy programmes in Zambia
Course Outline
1. Introduction
 Concept of policy
 Policy rationale
 Policy analysis matrix
2. Commodity price policies

 Investment and target groups
 Price policies for non-traded commodities
 Price policies for traded commodities
 Efficiency problems
3. Factor price policies

 Labour policies
 Farm input policies
4. Macroeconomic policies
 Fiscal policies
 Monetary policies
5. Social valuations of commodities and application of policy analysis matrix

 Farm level budgets and analysis with no trade
 Farm level budgets and analysis with trade
6. Sector development policies

 Marketing development policies
 Crop development policies
 Livestock development policies
79
 Irrigation development policies
 Land use and structural policies
 Environmental policies
 Fisheries development policies
 Rural development policies
 Wildlife development policies
Contact hours
3 hours per week of lectures
3 hours tutorials and exercises
Assessment
3 tests 30%
Quizzes 10%
1 term paper 10%
Prescribed textbook
National Consumer Council (1988). Consumers and the Common Agricultural Policy,
Stationery Office Books

1) Monke, E.A. and Pearson, S.R. (1989):Policy Analysis Matrix for Agricultural Development,
Cornell University Press
2) Ellis, F. 1992. Agricultural Policies in Developing Countries, Wye Studies in Agricultural and
Rural Development, Cambridge University Press
3) Monk, E.A., G. Argwings-Kodhek, F. Avillez, M. Mukumbu, S. Pagiola, D. Sellen and A.
Winter-Nelson. 1996. Agricultural Policy in Kenya: Applications of the Policy Analysis
Matrix, Cornell University Press
4) Masters, W.A. 1989. The policy analysis matrix in Zimbabwe: A methodological
introduction. Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Zimbabwe
5) Fang, C. 2000. Food self-sufficiency, comparative advantage and agricultural trade: A policy
analysis matrix for Chinese agriculture. Center for Agricultual and Rural Development, Iowa
State University
6) Policy papers from Ministry of Agriculture/Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries
7) Policy papers from Indaba , Agriculture and Policy Research Institute
8) Policy papers from Zambia Institute of Public Analysis
9) Knutson, R., Penn, J.B., Flinchbaugh, L.B. (2006): Agricultural and Food Policy, Prentice
Hall
10) Norton, R.D. (2004): Agricultural Development Policy: Concepts and Experiences, Wiley
80
COURSE TITLE: AGRIBUSINESS RESEARCH PROJECT
Aim
To guide students in the practical steps in carrying out a research project i.e. formulation of
topic, planning and implementation of their research proposal and writing of report (research
process). Students will be exposed to seminar presentations and will be allowed to present
their work especially at the late stage of their study
Objectives
1) Formulate a research proposal, in readiness for implementation
2) Carry out a research project following the steps in the research process and write
research reports.
3) Make effective presentations of the scientific research outcomes
Course Outline
1. Introduction
 Information literacy (how to find resources in the library, citations, plagiarism etc)
 e-library resources
2. Overview of the research process

 Principles of a research
 What is a research proposal
 What are the in essential ingredients of the research proposal
3. Guided studies and supervision

 Choice of supervisors
 Guided studies and supervision
4. Seminars
 Presentation of research proposal
 Seminar presentation
 Presentation of results
 Presentation of the final work
Contact hours
Assessment
81
Class Participation /quiz 5%
Oral presentation 30%
Final Research Project 65 %
Prescribed Text
Kothari, C.R. (1990). Research methodology: methods and techniques, 2nd. Ed.,
WishwaPrakashan, New Delhi
Recommended text
1) Douglas C Montgomery. 2001(or Latest Edition). Design and Analysis of
Experiments. Wiley Student Edition, 5th Edition.
2) Kumar, Ranjit (1999). Research methodology: a step by step guide for beginners, 2nd.
ed., Sage, London
82

Mulungushi University launches Bachelor of Agribusiness Management degree

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Mulungushi University launches Bachelor of Agribusiness Management degree

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MULUNGUSHI UNIVERSITY

GREAT NORTH ROAD CAMPUS

SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES

BACHELOR OF AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT

APPROVED 18TH AUGUST, 2017

FIRST YEAR ............................................................................................................................. 5

SECOND YEAR ...................................................................................................................... 7

SECOND SEMESTER ............................................................................................................ 17

SECOND SEMESTER ............................................................................................................ 43

FOURTH YEAR .................................................................................................................... 57

SECOND SEMESTER ............................................................................................................ 70

Graduates of the BABM programme will be able to:

Loading and Duration of the Programme

Examinations and Assessments

Facilities for Teaching and Learning Support

Year Semester 1 Semester 2

COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT

1. The concept of agribusiness management

2. Some basic theories of management

4. Planning the agribusiness

COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO SOIL SCIENCE

1. History of soil science

Recommended Text books

10) Irish Potato Production

11) Sweet Potato Production

12) Cassava Production

13) Cowpea Production

14) Sugarcane Production

15) Coffee Production

16) Cotton Production

1. Scope of animal farming in Zambia

2. Socio-economic importance of farm livestock: Cattle, sheep and goats, pigs,

3. Routine herd or flock management practices for ruminants

4. Routine management practices for pigs

6. Pig herd health management

7. Slaughter and marketing of pigs

8. The egg production industry in Zambia

9. The Broiler industry in Zambia

10. Biotechnology in animal production

Continuous Assessment 50%

Final Examination 50%

COURSE TITLE: FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING FOR AGRIBUSINESS

1. The concept of agribusiness accounting

4. Measures of agribusiness progress

5. Special financial statements

1. Scope of agricultural economics

2. Characteristics of Agriculture Sector

3. Problems of agricultural production Natural Resources

4. Role of Agriculture in Economic Development

5. Principles of consumer demand

6. The Production function

7. The Cost of Production

8. Economics of input substitution

9. Agricultural Demand and Supply Analysis

10. Competitive vs. Non-Competitive Markets

11. Financial Picture of Agriculture

14. Global Issues

2. Nursery Establishment and Management

7. Introduction To Fruit Production

8. Fruit Propagation Methods

10. Nursery and Orchard Establishment

11. Pineapple Production