City university of science information and technolgy peshawar

Department of architecture

B. ARCH THESIS REPORT

Sports and reactional center “shamozai gateway” River Swat

GENERATING PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES THROUGH ARCHITECTURE

WAQAS AHMAD
Reg no: 9004
5th year of architecture

internal supervisor:
Associate professor uzma nooreen zain
ar sana saeed khan

external supervisor:
ar muhammad shahid
ar ghuncha Shaheed
Date-19-1-2022
Declaration
Every challenging work needs self-efforts.
Abstract
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
List of figures
List of table
Chapter 1
1. Introduction

2. Literature review

3. Precedent studies

4. Analysis of date

5. Design brief/program

6. Site schematics

7. Site analysis
 8. Conclusion

9. Bibliography

10. Appendices

Chapter – 1
A society whose playgrounds are alive have dead hospitals.’’
(German Sport Council GSC, July, 1987)
Introduction
 Shamozai is a union council in Swat District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Northern Pakistan. This
small historic town is situated on the banks of the river Swat and its village is surrounded by
attractive and lavish green mountains.
 According to Dr Amjad Ali (the Nation June 12, 2021) KPK Minister of Housing, KPK, government
is taking practical steps to construct 1000 sports facilities across the province and 30 multi-
purpose facilities in the newly merged districts under Prime Minister 1000 Playground Projects.
 Keeping this view in mind, this sports complex is being proposed at Shamozai near the banks of
River Swat next to the bridge in Swat. This selected place for the project has got a gateway to
Swat which is one of its enormous significance. This large catching eyes area will be covered by
this sports complex and will be the center sight of all the people passing by it.
 The researcher chose this designated site for Sports Complex. After its completion, it will provide
an energetic and healthy activities environment to youth as this place is blessed with
innumerable natural beauties.
 One of the paramount factors is its crowded population. The youth is very competent of this area
and they do not have any social activities as well as sport galas. If we provide them an
opportunity to utilize their energy in a proper channel they can bring sea change in the
development of the society and area.

 The Sports Centre would enhance the youth abilities to have practices in other different game
activities, i.e, KABBADi and MUKKAH.

 The researcher surveys and observes different areas at

Shamozai, in Swat, where he does not find any sports complexx
for the people of that region. There is no single sports ground
for the talented youth of Shamozai area. The youth is
competent, talented and capable to bring sea change in every
walk of life, especially in different games activities. They really
need a coaching guidance and indoor and outdoor activities that
they could maintain their physical health well and mental
healing as well. They become dull , unhealthy day by day and
cannot utilize their potential in proper way to be polished in
games activities. Keeping all the shortcomings in mind, the
researcher tries designing the sports complex helping to
maintain their physical and mental health. This community
recreational center will provide a bulk number of other benefits
too as follows :
Benifits to families
Reduce stress
Reduce crime rates with children
 Increase property values
Stay healthy longer
Cultural diversity
Child care
Public safety
Tourism
Boost student's performance.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamozai,_Mardan
https://www.latlong.net/place/shamozai-swat-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-pakistan-25752.html
https://pakvillage.weebly.com/history-of-shamozai.html
https://nation.com.pk/11-Jun-2021/swat-to-have-international-standard-playground-facilities-for-youth-
minister

Background
 All kinds of sports have been getting a foremost requirement and basic necessity of the human
beings. Slowly and gradually with the passage of time, humans got themselves engaged in many
other different activities, and sports became a major source of their leisure, not just only of their
leisure activities but the most important source for a good health as well. All of us need
participating in sports activities because it is imperative to regularly participate in physical
activity (PA) for good health. Sportsmen seriously concern their health and get benefit from
higher levels of health-related fitness and are at lower risk of developing many different disabling
medical conditions than inactive people.
 As its all benefits are mentioned above, it is a universal truth and also widely acknowledged that
the health benefits of participation in PA are not just limited to physical health but also
incorporate mental components and healthy mind. Physical exercise has got some benefits
providing and helping humans to sustain health and prevent them from various chronic diseases
such as obesity, anxiety, depression, heart attack, diabetic, etc.. Along with all these fruitful
outcomes of physical activities can be a great solution to deal with negative activities especially
among teenagers of the society. Many researches have been found on the bad effects of non-
sportsmen that resulted in miscellaneous bad effects. Among the non-health effects, physical
activity improves life satisfaction, happiness, subjective well-being, mental health, and
 interpersonal relations. According to an observation physical activity may increase the levels of
trust and trustworthiness .There are many different ways that people can be physically active at
their leisure-time but the benefits that provides physical activities are undeniable. Participation
in sports also brings harmony among the players. Along with this one’s active and regular
participation in sports will benefit him with the saving of amount he or she would likely spend on
their well-being. As PS book has rightly said in his research that active involvement into physical
health can prevent risk to some 20 illnesses such as cardiovascular disease and some cancers.
Taking part in regular sport can save between 419200 pkr and 1652848 pkr in healthcare costs per
person which is the moderate cost ever at uch a benifitial plateform.

THE SITE:

Source: google earth Source: researcher

The site that researcher chooses for such building is already designated government site. Its entrance is at
the starting point of the bank of a Shamozai river and water flows along the road side to Swat which
offers stupendous spectacles and attracts the travelers, too. Some of the marvelous potentials to be
explored as follows For:

 Outdoor and Indoor sport facilities

 Required out of water for the planning, being next to the river
  As a designed gateway view to swat

 The design will cater to the nature and natural surroundings and beauty

Significance of the project

 Physical health always plays an important role in an individual life. It helps sportsmen to
provide productive and active health in every walk of life. Therefore, the discussed project will
be a great source of both leisure and good health, along with this owing to the provision of such
project at Shamozai locals will have an opportunity to make them a healthy and reproductive.
The project will utilize multiple qualities in youth likewise leadership, contribution, endurance,
team working, unity, harmony, team players and one's personality as follows:
 Improves mental health.
 Reduces obesity.
 Brings people together, providing opportunities for social interaction.
 Healthy workers are more productive and take less sick days.
 Can help to prevent cardiovascular disease, diabetes Cholesterol.
 Develops life skills and leadership abilities.
 Contributes to lifelong learning.

Feasibility
 The researcher actually finds this area an appropriate climatic region for sports complex. It has
comfort climatic condition and calm environment where sportsmen will always be fresh and
healthy during their sports completion days. It is a platform where youth will make their lives
healthy and ease for many other means. It will polish their talent and bring positive change in
the society. This will also be the source of entertainment for not only players but for the rest of
the people and spectators as well. Tournaments have been scheduled in every year as per the
 directives of government policies and this sport complex will be one those wide and beautiful
grounds. It will bring peace, attract foreign players and tourists to have craze playing at this
heart-touching area. Pakistan still needs more stadiums and has minimum number of stadiums
on ICC standard.

Research aim
 The aim of the research is to design a sports complex having both cultural and international
gaming facilities at Shamozai.
 One of the best aim of it is to bring prosperity, peace, harmony, and development in a
backward region of the paradise of earth, Swat.

Objectives
The objectives of this research are divided into two categories as follows :

 social objectives
 architectural objectives.

Social Objectives
The first and essential objective of the objectives is social objectives of the project are as follows:
 To provide maximum sports facilities to the youth of the area.
 To provide a project that do compensate the lack of sports facilities at Shamozai..
 To provide different opportunities for community of swat to participate in the games at national
level and international level.

 To explore and polish the hidden potential of people of Shamozai.

  To create opportunities to find out the real talents in sports.

 To construct a mind map for the people of Shamozai in order to contest at both national and
international arenas.
 To design Well planned sports complex for different games with a moderate cost.

 To promote and enhance the prospects of sports in a far away beautiful place.

 The new sports activities will be added which are not playing in swat region.

 To design a project that ultimately helps people to be mental and physical healthy.

Architectural Objectives
 To study the international standards of selected Sports.
 To explore and study water based sports suitable for the area.
 To explore built form suitable to compliment the landscape.
 To explore traditional and historical architectural elements to compliment the design as gateway.

Methodology
 The researcher tries to find out an application of comprehensive historical and literature review
documentation technique for identification of history and evolution of traditional games being
played at Shamozai throughout the history. The need of sports facilities at the place presented in
this research is done on the basis of literature review and conducting surveys from the locals as
well as officials affiliated with sports engagements. Whereas, as for as the architectural side of
the project is concerned a number of precedent studies are carried out to cope with the
architectural requirements of the project. The precise program of research methodology is given
below:
PRIMARY STUDIES:
 The researcher visits to site and analysis to examine its potential for type of suitable sports
facilities and type of water sports; and its overall analysis for its visual character.
 After surveying the site, the researcher talks to local sports clubs and concerns people to find out
outcomes about local sports activities.
 For further requirements of collecting the data, the researcher visits to existing sports complex
at Islamabad.
 questionnaires and interviews containing both open-ended and close-ended questions from both
locals and concerned custodians of sports are collected before taking any step on sports
complex.

SECONDARY STUDIES:
 The researcher collects outdoor and indoor sports standards from published sources
 Different standards and requirements are being observed for water sports
 Exploring Books and internet on local architectural features and elements
 Exploring books and internet on local built heritage – elements and features of historical
buildings
 Study relevant material on architecture respecting landscape and nature.

Precedent studies
 Select precedent studies for FORM IN NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
 For layout and circulation of Sports Complex
 For Facilities of Sports Complex
 For Gateway Design

Utilization of research
Client
 Ministry of Sports and Youth Affairs, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan.
Chapter :2 SPORTS AND ITS REQUIREMENTS
sports and architecture:
 Both sports and recreation, same like the arts, can be a way of expression of human effort in its
possible way. The work of architecture, therefore, is to provide spaces equal with that high ideal
as one desires. It is not just about the building that whether it is a community recreation facility,
gymnasium, aquatic center, or high-performance arena or stadium, the design must help the needs
of all who enjoy them. It thoroughly means ensuring the comfort and enjoyment of all who utilize
the space of, whether athlete, community member ,or spectator.
 sports architecture plays a central role as a social platform in the cities. It can be a landmark
inspires both cities and citizens. With the passage of time, as culture changes in an environmental
way and sustainable understanding, the next generation of entertainment and sport facilities will
be much more joined with art and designed with several factors including the potential site,
context, climate and most importantly culture.

what is a sports complex?

  A sports complex is a building where players can play a number of games. It is comprised of
ground related to different games such as cricket, volleyball, football, hockey etc.

WHAT IS GYMNASIUM ?
 Gymnasium is a constructed building with co vered location for different indoor games
like basketball, volleyball, Badminton, table tennis, gymnastic, boxing, futsal.

INTERNATIONAL SPORTS
 The concept of international sport refers to a sport when there are two foreign participants
representOMG at least two countries. It is worldly acknowledged tha the most well-known
international sports event is the Olympic Games.Some other examples include the FIFA World
Cup and the Paralympic Games. The cricket match played between the United States and Canada
 is the first ever International match played in any sport and also is an example of international
sports.
 In day to day life modern international sports events are big business for all of us as well as
influencing the political, economical, and other cultural aspects of countries around the world.
Especially with politics and sports, sports can affect countries, their identities, and in
consequence, the world.
 OLYMPIC GAMES
 BASKETBALL
 VOLLEYBALL
 TENNIS
 Table tenuis

SPORTS IN ASIA

 The football association (also known as Soccer) is the most popular sport across the Asia.
Secondly, Cricket is the second most popular sport in Asia. Other indoor and popular sports in
Asia include baseball, basketball, badminton and table tennis among others. Top sporting nations
in Asia include China, Taiwan, Japan, India, South Korea and Philippines.

HISTORY OF SPORTS IN PAKISTAN

 Sports activities are the paramount parts of our country Pakistan. Our country is a sports
loving country and sports in Pakistan bring and develop culture. However, this love is not
limited to one or two games or just a number of regions.The national game of Pakistan is
hockey but cricket is the most played and popular sport in Pakistan while field hockey,
squash and polo are also popular. A Game which is played in some particular areas is Kabadi.
Some traditional sports such as kabbadi and Rassa Kashi are also played in Pakistan. There is
a board in Pakistan which was created in 1962 by Ministry of Education as a corporate body
for the purpose of promoting and developing uniform standards of competition in sports in
Pakistan comparable to the standards prevailing internationally, and regulating and
controlling sports in Pakistan on the national basis. There are competent faculty members
for care of the Ministry of Culture, sports and tourism, and now they the control over the
PSB. All of the 39 sporting federations are being in control of PSB. The Pakistan Sports
 Board is supported by The Pakistan Sports Trust, which assists hard up players and
associations so they can carry on participating in sports. In recent years, the ratio of players
are enarmously increased with Pakistani sportsmen and women participating in many
international and national events. Many other international tournaments are now taking
place in Pakistan and other countries, too.The size of the teams Pakistan sends, and number
of events they participate in, such as the Olympic games, Asian games, world games and
commonwealth games have been increased since the turn of the century. Mohammad Ali
Jinnah (the founder of Pakistan) had a great love for sports and fully realized the vital role of
games played in the development of nations and inculcation of discipline among the mases.
In the presence of his meeting with the organizing committee of the first Pakistan Olympic
games held at karachi, Jinnah procalaimed to the first president of the Pakistan Olympic
Association Mr Ahmed E.H.:

“dedicate yourself to sports promotion, for when you and I are gone, leadership will go in
the hands of youth, and youth is our wealth, raw material, that must be hammered into
shape, into burnished steel to strive and smite in defense- the defense of the integrity and
solidarity of Pakistan- the defense of the ideology "

SPORT PLAYING KPK PAKISTAN

 There are many games played in Pakistan but cricket is the main sport played in Pakhtunkhwa.
As Pakistan is having and creating world-class sportsmen like Shahid Afridi, Younis Khan and
Umar Gul. Along with the production of cricket players, Pakhtunkhwa has the honour of being
the birthplace of many world-class squash players like Hashim Khan, Qamar Zaman, Jahangir
Khan and Jansher Khan. Some Pashtuns still play the old buzkashi, which is a sport introduced in
the region during the Mughal era. The word “buz” means “goat” and “kashi” means “dragging”
or “pulling”. Not a team sport, it is every man for himself and that becomes apparent as soon as
the game starts. Although buskashi is primarily an individual sport, alliances are built up between
various players. Between the alliances, the strongest players finally take control. This is very
similar to polo. Football is another an interesting and very enjoyable game played by pashtoon
of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
 Different sports and standard
TYPES OF SPORTS:
Indoor sports:
ATHLETICS:
 Athletics is considered to be mother of all games and is in fact the way of living and
not just a sport. An Athlete is an all-round sportsperson with skills for cricket,
football, tennis and has immense control of his body and senses. Athletics not only
builds you physically but it helps in body coordination and gives you mental stiffness.
 Athletics is an exclusive collection of sporting events that involve competitive
running, jumping, throwing, and walking. The most common types of athletics
competitions are track and field, road running, cross country running, and race
walking.
TRACK AND FIELD EVENTS
 Running
 Jumping
 Throwing
 Combined multiple events for men and women
 Other include walking and marathon events.

RUNNING EVENTS:
 Sprints (328feet, 656 feet, 1312feet )
 Middle distance (2624feet , 4921feet)
 Long distance (9842ft steeple chase, 16404ft, 32808ft)
 Hurdles (110 men/328ft women, 1328ft)
 Relays (4x 328ft, 4x 1312ft)

JUMPING EVENTS:
These include
 Long jump
 High jump
 Triple jump
 Pole vault

THROWING EVENTS:
 Discus throw (2kg for men, 1kg for women)
 Shotput throw (7.26 kg for men and 4kg for women)
 Javelin throwing game (800gm for men, 600gm for women)
 Hammer throwing game (7.26 kg for men, 4kg for women)
MULTIPLE EVENTS:

 The Men’s Decathlon and Women’s Heptathlon is a game that includes a

combination of events, held over two days each. Points are technically awarded for
each event and the overall winner is the athlete with the most points.
 The decathlon is including ten events in the following order, for the first day: 328ft,
long jump, shot put, high jump, 1312ft. The second day events are 360ft hurdles,
discus throw, pole vault, javelin, 4921ft.
 The heptathlon usually includes seven events as follows, for
 the first day: 328ft hurdles, high jump, shot put and 656ft.
 The second day events are comprised
 long jump, javelin and 2624ft.

WALKING EVENTS:
 Race walking is a special game. It is a long-distance race event in which the
participants must walk as fast as they can, while they are expected to maintain good
form. For this competition men have 20km and 50km race events, women only have
the 20km race event.

MARATHON:
 The marathon is a long-distance running event which takes place over a course of
42.195km or (26 miles & 385 yds.) in length.

ARCHERY:

 Archery is the art, sport, practice or skill of using a bow to shoot arrows. The word archery
derives from the Latin arcus. Archery, historically, has been used for hunting and combat. In
modern times, it is mainly a competitive sport and recreational activity.
Indoor target archery and standard
 indoor target archery is shot at 59ft or 82ft. It uses the same targets as outdoor target archery. The
venue used for it has, generally, a polished wooden floor or a concrete floor and the range layout
similar to outdoor field archery.
 If the hall is wide or narrow, the number of targets in an indoor range would depend upon the
width of the activity hall. each archer requires a minimum of 80cm of space when on the shooting
line.

 A waiting hall is built at 16ft behind the shooting line. If the available spare is restricted, this can
be reduced to 9ft but safety must not be jeopardized. There is space for the archers shooting
equipment behind the waiting Line. At the back of this area, there is competitors area, which
accommodates archers, team managers and coaches. A total length of about 98ft is required for an
indoor facility.
The following recommendactions should be encircled for indoor ranges as follows :
 The only possible access to the range is from behind the shooting line.
 ALil other accesses are locked during practice time.
 One access is allowed to all emergency exits, but if some are in front of the shooting line
entrance, access into the hall through these must be restricted.
 If there are glasses and widows in the wall behind the target line that can be hit by an arrow that
misses the target, a possible and precise arrow stop covers these windows.
 Less than 6ft side windows are protected with an appropriate cover or with a shield.
 To keep the spectators, Some suitable barriers are erected around the range. The barriers are at
least 10m from the ends of the target line and a minimum of 16ft behind the waiting line. 
 No one is allowed in the spectators beyond the target line. Where the size of the hall does not
require the erection of side barriers no spectators are allowed beyond the barrier situated behind
the waiting line.
Ref
https://www.dlgsc.wa.gov.au/sport-and-recreation/sports-dimensions-guide/archery
and tss standard
BOXING:
  Boxing is a combat sport in which two players throw punches at one another. Amateur boxing is
both an Olympic and Commonwealth Games sport and is a common fixture in most international
games—it also has its own World Championships. There is always a referee who oversees boxing
over a series of one- to three-minute intervals called rounds.

Boxing
standard
 The
boxing platform
size is of 20’x
20’/ 6mx6m.
 The height of this platform is usually 36 inches.
 Rings are usually lit with overhead lights or floodlights

KICK BOXING:
  A group of stand-up combat sports based on kicking and punching.

BODYBUILDING:
 Bodybuilding is hardworking and daily routine exercise which uses a progressive resistance

exercise to control and develop one's

musculature, participants show their developed muscular built through poses, and are judged
 based on muscularity, conditioning, and symmetry in different open class shows and

competitions.

BOARD GAMES:

 ACruelly, this game is a board game which is played on tabletop game that involves counters or
pieces moved or placed on a pre-marked surface or "board", according to a set of rules. There is
always pure strategy for some games, but many contain an element of chance; and some are
purely chance, with no element of skill. Board games involve chess, go and bridge, snooker.
Bowling
 This game has got a general term of a large range of sports in which the player rolls a ball to
knock down objects. In the U.S. and Canada, the term bowling usually refers to ten-pin bowling;
in the U.K. and Commonwealth Countries, however, the term bowling could also refer to lawn
bowls

bowling standard size :

 The bowling game dimension alley is (67’x42’) in size.

 This game floor is made up of the wood.
snooker SPORTS:
 It is an indoor game and
in general term for a
large range of this game is
played on a felt top
table, with or without
pockets. For
exam ple it includes
billiards and
snooker.
  The standard full-size snooker table measures are 12 ft × 6 ft, with a rectangular playing
surface measuring 11 ft 8.5 in × 5 ft 10.0 in. Each side of the table along with playing surface is
surrounded by small cushions. The height of the table from the floor to the top of the cushions is
2 ft. This table has got six pockets, one at each corner and one at the centre of each of the two
longer side cushions. It is the amount of space required to one draw-back of using a full-size table
that accommodates it, which limits the locations where the game can easily be played. The small
or normal room size that allows space on all sides for comfortable cueing is 22 ft × 16 ft .
While pool tables are common to many pubs, snooker tends to be played either in private settings
or in public snooker halls.This game could also be played on smaller tables with some other table
sizes including these measurement, 10 ft × 5 ft 9 ft × 4.5 ft , 8 ft × 4 ft ,6 ft × 3 ft (the smallest
for realistic play) and 4 ft × 2 ft . Smaller tables can come in a variety of styles, such as dining-
table or convertible fold-away.

Ref
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snooker
DARTS:
 This game will also be available at sports complex. It is a throwing game in which small missiles
are being thrown at a target which is called a dartboard. There are, even though, various boards
and rules have been used in the past. The term "darts" usually now sticks to a standardized game
involving a specific board design and set of rules. Darts is an international game and it has got
professional tag across many countries. Along with these, darts is a traditional pub game,
commonly played in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, across the Commonwealth,
the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, the Scandinavian countries, the United States, Australia etc.
 This international dartboard is called the "clock" board too. The measurements of the standard
dartboard is 18 inches in diameter and has 20 numbered, pie-shaped segments of equal size, plus
the bull's-eye.  Each numbered segment is give with a double ring on the outside perimeter of the
scoring area and an interior triple ring (which counts as double and triple of that number
respectively).  The bull's-eye is the name of an area and has given a name an outerbull area (also
known as the single bull, which scores 25) and an inner bull (also known as a double bull's-eye,
which scores 50)

 The height of Dart Board is 5 feet, 8 inches from floor to the center of the bull's-eye.
 The front of the dartboard to the throwing line has the distance as: Steel Tip: 7 feet 9 1/4  inches,
Soft Tip: 8 feet 0 inches. For marking the throw line a simple piece of tape will be sufficed.
  Sometimes darts just
bounce out of
the dartboard, so
a d artboard should never
be put up near by windows
or breakables or where
anyone could walk
between
the throwline and
the dartboard.  It is also
to be concerned that if you have a hard floor, such as concrete or wood, you may want to
consider getting a dart mat.

Ref
https://www.darting.com/Darts-Rules/General#:~:text=Dart%20Board%20Regulations%20Dart
%20Board%20Height%3A%205%20feet.,1%2F4%20inches%2C%20Soft%20Tip%3A%208%20feet
%200%20inches.

gymnastics:
 Gymnastics is a game which needs much potense and a range of sports combining tumbling and
acrobatic feats, usually done with apparatus. The word gymnastics derives its name from the
ancient Greek word for disciplinary exercises and the sport of gymnastics combines physical
skills such as body control, coordination,dexterity, gracefulness, all performed in an artistic
manner, and strength with tumbling and acrobatic skills.
Men’s artistic gymnastics
there are six competitive apparatus in the MAG:
 Floor
 Pommel horse
 Rings
 Vault
 Parallel bars
 Horizontal bar
The standard gymnastics performance area for both men and women comprises 39ft x 39ft . The minimum
range of border is 3ft and where there is a delimitation strip between the performance area and the border,
the strip is 5cm wide and included as part of the performance area.

Men's artistic gymnastics floor layout Competition area for artistic gymnastics

Womens Artistic Gymnastics

There are four competitive apparatuse in Women’s Artistic Gymnastics. They are mentioned below :
  Vault
 Uneven bars
 Beam
 Floor

Ref :
https://www.dlgsc.wa.gov.au/sport-and-recreation/sports-dimensions-guide/gymnastics#:~:text=The
%20standard%20performance%20area%20for%20both%20men%20and,and%20included%20as%20part
%20of%20the%20performance%20area.

JUDO AND KARATE:

 Judo and Karate is an interesting game and it means to cleanly throw, to pin, or to master the
opponent, the latter being done by applying pressure to arm joints or to the neck to cause the
opponent to yield. Judo was first played and created in 1882 by Jigoro Kano as a physical,
mental, and moral pedagogy in Japan. It is a general game likewise a modern martial art, which
later produced into a combat and Olympic sport. KARATE a martial art created in Japan which
uses punching, kicking, knee strikes, elbow strikes, and some openhand techniques.
JUDO:

 Judo is a Japanese developed martial art that evolves from the Japanese martial art of jujutsu. As
many other martial arts, judo has not been around that much long. It derives from Japanese
jujutsu, which is more than 700 years old.
 The term ''judo'' evolves from the word ''ju'', which means ''gentle'', and ''do'', which means ''way'',
so that the whole word means ''the gentle way''. It is a self defensive machinsm that is why the
main goal of judo is self-defense, which is accomplished by using the opponent's aggressive force
against him.
 The competitors in a judo match are called judokas. So, these players are called judokas and they
wear a uniform known as a gi, which is a loose-fitting jacket with pants. A judokas player also
wears a belt. White belts are worn by novices and black by masters. The judo match needs and
takes place on a mat called the tatami. The outer portion of the tatami is measured about 150
square feet. There is a smaller area inside that area, which is approximately 107 square feet and
where the actual match is held. Jūdōka (students of judo) perform the sport with bare feet.

SCORING:
 A judo match, or bout, has three basic types of scores that can be obtained. From most to least
important, these are ippon, waza-ari, and yuko.

KARATE:
  Karate, (Japanese: “empty hand”) unarmed martial-arts discipline employing kicking, striking,
and defensive blocking with arms and legs. Emphasis is pbserved as it is concentrating the
potential of body as much of the body’s power as possible. All the concerned things are
concerned such as timing, tactics, and spirit are each considered as important as physical
toughening.

SQUASH:

 Squash is row played game. It is a short needed area game that is called a row sport played by
two or four players in a four walled court with a small hollow rubber ball. The requirement of
the game is to hit the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return. It is
calculated that about 20 million people play squash regularly world-wide in over 185 countries.
EQUIPMENTS
RACKET
 The area requires for squash rackets games have maximum dimensions of 686 mm
(27.0 in) long and 215 mm (8.5 in) wide, with a maximum strung area of 500 square
centimetres (77.5 sq in). The allowed maximum weight is 255 grams. However, the
maximum numbers have a weight between 90 and 150 grams.

BALL:

 The diameter of squash balls are between 39.5 and 40.5 mm and weight 23 to 25
grams. They need a number of things to be made. They are made of two pieces of
rubber compound, glued together that shapes a hollow sphere and buffed to a matte
finish. Some varieties of different balls are provided for varying temperature and
atmospheric conditions and standards of play:. Most of the experienced players use
slow balls that have less bounce than those used by less experienced players.

COURT:

 The squash game court is a playing surface area bounded by four walls. A front line, contained
by court surface, is separating the front and back of the court and a half court line, separating the
left and right sides of the back portion of the court, also creating three 'boxes' such as: the front
half, the back left quarter and the back right quarter. Smaller service boxes are contained by both
the back two boxes.

 The court's four walls are divided into a front wall, two side walls, and a back wall. An 'out line'
runs along the top of the front wall, descending along the side walls to the back wall. The bottom
line of the front wall marks the top of the 'tin', a half meter-high metal area.
 The service line is called the middle line of the wall. The dimensions of the court are:
SQUASH COURT – DOUBLES:

 The above stuffs are mentioned go single squash court while the double squash court
is the larger form of outdoor and indoor room with four walls specified for the squash
sport. On a floor, a square court has a left hand and right hand service box for serving
which are both behind the short line that players must return the ball to. The service
box makes an arch in the doubles court instead of a square. Two lines are marked on
the front wall as ; a tin line just above the floor, and a cut line above the tin line. The
 side walls typically taper down from the front wall to the back wall; with the back wall
being the shortest.

SURFACE MATERIAL:

 Finished and treated wood; glass entry optional.

Squash injuries include:

 The strains and sprains of muscle – particularly to the arms, legs and lower back.
These injuries are often slight not severe but can reduce game performance.

 Fall injuries – from falling or slipping on court.

  Impact injuries – it is for example, getting hit with a ball or a racquet or crashing into a
wall.
 Head and eye injuries – getting hit by a ball or racquet.

 Heat stress – symptoms include dizziness and drop in performance.

 Overuse injuries – such as tendonitis of the elbow (‘tennis elbow’).

TERMINOLOGY:
Tss standard

Squash is played in
an enclosed
space.

 The size of
court is
18’x32’.
 eight from
18’ to 22’.
 Floor of
the court is
made of wood.
SWIMMING:

 Swimming consumes a high level of stamina. It is an individual or group racing sport that
requires the use of one's entire body to move through water. This needs a wide area full of water.
The sport takes place in an area i.e pools or open water (e.g., in a sea or lake). Players play this
competitive swimming game which is one of the most popular Olympic sports, with varied
distance events in butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle, and individual medley. In the
beginning and along with these individual events, four swimmers can take part in either a
freestyle or a medley relay. A medley relay is a competition consisted of four swimmers who
will each swim a different stroke, ordered as backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and freestyle.
 A set of specific techniques; in competition, there are distinct regulations as they are concerning
the acceptable form for each individual stroke. There are also regulations on what types of
Swimsuits, caps, and jewelry and injury tape that are allowed at competitions. Although it is
possible for competitive swimmers to incur several injuries from the sport, such as tendinitis in

the shoulders or knees, some benifitial health tips aresaociated with the sport.
Standard size

 The dimension of pool is (164ft x 82ft x 6ft).

 Orientation should be in longer position.
 It is suggested that pools should be constructed of an inert and enduring material.
CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
MATERIALS
 Swimming pools shall be constructed of materials which are inert, stable, non-toxic, watertight
and enduring. These two materials, sand or earth bottoms, are not permitted.

CORNERS
 All corners will be formed by intersection of walls and floor will also be rounded with at least a 1-
inch (2.5 cm) radius.
FINISH
 The bottom and sides color must be white or a light colord, with a smooth and easily cleanable
surface. The finishing surface of the bottom in shallow areas 5 feet or less in depth) shall be slip-
resistant.

LIGHTING, ELECTRICAL, VENTILATION AND ACOUSTICALREQUIREMENTS

LIGHTING
 For night competitive games, artificial lighting shall be provided at all swimming pools which are
to be used at night, or which do not have adequate natural lighting, so that all portions of the pool
along with the bottom, may be easily seen without glare. Lights shall be installed for the rest of
the needs so as to provide uniform distribution of illumination.
Water Surface
 Presented light on the water surface shall be a minimum of 30 foot-candles (320 lux) when
underwater lighting as specified in Section 7.1.2 is provided. Without underwater lighting, a
minimum illumination of 50 foot-candles (540 lux) on the water surface shall be provided.
Underwater
  Tnderwater lighting is provided, at least 60 lamp lumens per square foot (930 cm~) of pool
surface for outdoor swimming pools and 100 lamp lumens per square foot (930 square cm2) of
pool surface for indoor swimming pools should be provided.
https://doh.sd.gov/documents/Food/standardsforswimmingpooldesign.pdf

TABLE TENNIS:
 Some small paddles and a lightweight ball are used to play a racket sport on a rectangular table
with a net in the middle. Table tennis is also known as ping-pong, Except for the initial serve and
the rules are generally mentioned below:

 players should allow a ball played toward them to bounce one time on their side of the table, and
should also return it so that it bounces on the adverse side only for once. During the game, when
a player fails to return the ball within the given rules and a point is scored. Spinning the ball
alters its trajectory and limits an opponent's options, giving the hitter a great advantage. Playing is
fast and demands quick reactions.

SIZE AND DIMENSIONS:

  The size of the able is rectangular, 9 feet by 5 feet, its upper point level plane is 30
inches above the floor. The length of net is 6 feet long, and its upper edge along the
whole length is 6 inches above the playing surface.

SURFACE:

It is of paramount importance which the floor covering area for table tennis. It should be as follows :

 Players have to be able to move rapidly and reposition their feet without slipping and it is
because of non-slip

 Smooth and leveled

 Capable to digest the burden of table tennis player and table.

 Also provide good contrast between tabletop and surrounding areas

 Wooden semi sprung floor is providing the best surface whereas solid concrete and carpeted
surface are unsuitable. All the top international table tennis tournament now use suitable sports
flooring such as taraflex. The reddish color of this flooring is used to providing good setting with
blue tables.

ROOM SIZE:
Minimum dimensions based on standard of competition being played:
 International events, World championships and Olympics (46’ x23’)

 National tournaments (40’ x 20’)

 Local tournaments (30’ x 16’-6”)

 Recreational play/ coaching (28’ x 13’).

WEIGHTLIFTING:
 This is an international games calls Olympic-style weightlifting, or Olympic weightlifting, often
simply referred to as weightlifting. It is an athletic discipline in the modern. Olympic program is
that in which the athlete attempts a maximum-weight single lift of a barbell loaded with weight
plates. The two competition lifts in order are the snatch and the clean and jerk. The snatch is
called a wide grip, one-move lift. The clean and jerk is a close grip, two-move lift. Each
weightlifter will receive three attempts in each, and the combined of the highest two successfully
lift and determines the overall result within a bodyweight category. Bodyweight categories are
having different rules for male and female competitors. A weight lifter who fails to complete at
least one successful snatch and one successful clean and jerk also fails to total, and because of
this receives an "incomplete" entry for the competition. The clean and press were once a
competition lift, but weye discontinued due to difficulties in judging proper form of the game.
WRESTLING:
 A term generally acknowledged for a combat sport between two competitors involving grappling
type techniques.

wrestling court standard:

 Wrestling club is including wrestling mats and area for the spectators.

 This game, wrestling mat dimension is (39’x39’)

 The wrestling mat is advised to be of uniform thickness not more than 4 inches thick.

BASKETBALL:
 Basketball game is a team sport in which two teams of five players, opposing each of them on a
rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball.
COURT DIMENSIONS:
 This game, Basketball, has have many courts shapes and sizes according to different
criteria of sizes. According to the national basketball association (NBA), the court is
94 by 50 feet. Below international basketball federation (FIBA) rules, the court is
slightly smaller, measuring (91.9ft by 49.2 ft). In amateur basketball, court sizes vary
widely. Many older high school gyms had 84' courts or even 74 feet in length. The
baskets are always 10 feet above the floor (except in youth competition).

ORIENTATION:

 Preferred orientation is for the long axis to be north-south.

FLOOR SURFACE:

Basketball floors can be fixed or removable, but they must be wooden.

 MATERIAL INDOOR: Polished Maple Wood

 MATERIAL OUTDOOR: Paving, Concrete, Asphalt.
TERMINOLOGY:
BADMINTON:
 Badminton sport is a racquet game played using light weight racquets to hit a shuttlecock across
a net. This game may be played with larger teams but the most common forms of the game are
"singles" (with one player per side) and "doubles" (with two players per side). Badminton is often
played as a casual outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach because it is a short area consuming
game. Some formal games are played on a rectangular indoor court. Points are scored by striking
the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it within the opposing side's half of the court.

Badminton court standard size:

 Single court is 17’x44’.
 Double court is 20’x44’.
 With minimum of 5’ unobstructed area on all the four sides.

 The floor may be of wood composite or plastic materials but it must not be
slippery.
Electronics indoor games
 Arcade game
 Motion simulator
 Network gaming zone
 Motion rides
 Game station
 Exer gaming
 Roder bull toy
 Kiddy rides
Arcade game
 As the researcher suggests a lot of sports games for this sports complex so arcade game is
one the  coin-worked entertainment machine typically installed in some sports complex . This
kind of games are presented as commonly games of skill and consist of arcade video
games, Pinball machines, electro-mechanical games, improvement games. 
 Different sports and standard
TYPES OF SPORTS:
Outdoor sports:
VOLLEY BALL:
 This is low cost game and can be played in a short or consisted area too. This game is consisted
two teams each team is comprised of six players, in which a large ball is hit by hand over a high
net. The aim being to score points by making the ball reach the ground on the opponent's side of
the volleyball play court area. A player on one of the teams begins a 'rally' by serving the ball
(tossing or releasing it and then hitting it with a hand or arm), from behind the back boundary line
of the court, over the net, and
into the receiving team's
court. The receiving team
must not let the ball be
grounded within their court.
One team can touch the ball up to
3 times, but individual players
can not touch the ball more than
one time at once. Typically,
the first two touches are used to
set up for an attack, an attempt
to direct the ball back over the
net in such a way that the
serving team is unable to prevent
it from being grounded in their
court.
SIZE AND DIMENSION:
 The dimension of volley ball court is (60’x 30’)

ORIENTATION:
 Preferred orientation is for the long Axis to be north-south.

SURFACE AND DRAINAGE:

 Sand-clay or turf can be used for informal play. Drainage is to be end to end, side to side or
corner to corner at a minimum slope of 1 inch in 10 ft.

FLOOR SURFACE:

 Some special concerns should be kept in mind likewise Safety, performance,

durability, uniform support, energy return, elasticity, and minimal abrasiveness when
diving and sliding are the most important considerations when choosing a floor for
volleyball courts
 A volleyball court floor should be shock absorbing to protect the players’ joints from
impact injuries. A shock absorbing sprung volleyball wood floor is making and
enablOMG players to perform at their best
 PVC flooring
 Synthetic, point elastic and combo elastic floors
 Solid hardwood flooring
 Vulcanized rubber

TERMINOLOGY:
TENNIS:
 A sport court where players use a
stringed racket to hit a ball to
each other over a small net,
unlike volleyball game and
its net. Each of its player uses a
tennis racket that is strung with
cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's
court. The purpose of the game is to maneuver the ball in such a described way that the opponent
is not able to play a valid return. The player, in any team, who is unable to return the ball will not
gain a point, while the opposite player will definitely gain a point.
RECOMMENDED AREA:
 The size of the court is 36’ 78’x.
 The flooring materials used for tennis courts are macadam, polymeric rubber and
artificial grass.
ORIENTATION:
 Orientation of the long axis is to be North-South.
SURFACE:
 Tennis is a sport game that can be played on many different surfaces. Each area of
this game has different playing characteristics which will affect the style of play and a
players natural playing ability. The international tennis, game committy or board,
classify each surface based on speed of the surface, varying from slow which is level
one, up to fast at level 5.
 Some of the main four types of surface for tennis courts are: grass, clay, hard and
artificial grass.
FOOTBALL:
 Football is, also called association football or soccer, game in which two teams of 11 players,
using any part of their bodies except their hands and arms, try to maneuver the ball into the
opposing team’s goal.

FIELD DIMENSIONS:
 It is observed under the board committee that the international football association
board (FIBA), the governing body that writes the rules of soccer, states that a field
must be rectangular and marked with continuous lines. A full-size pitch can be
anywhere from (150’-300’) in width and (300’-390’) in length. Additional required
area is 6'-0" minimum open space on all sides.

ORIENTATION:
 Preferred orientation is for the long axis to be northwest-southeast to suit the angle of the sun in
the fall playing season, or north south for longer periods.
FOOTBALL FIELD LIGHTING:
 Football stadium lighting sets according to its own rules and regulations that need to
be followed while modifying and fixing the lights in the ground. The standards have
become a lot more demanding with the advancement of technology, including the
latest technology i.e. LED to light up the arenas.The main size of lighting devices in
different fields depends on the size of the school. Light up the football field divided
into three categories.
CLASS III:
 As per the directives of standard qualities, the LED lighting guidelines include 75 lux
horizontal lights for recreational and training purpose in field. When it refers to
recreational football fields and high school football grounds, the distance is usually
from 75 lux to 200 lux.
CLASS II:
 Class II involves the lighting guidelines for leagues and clubs. The standards are 200
lux horizontal lightings. This is especially set for semi-professional stadiums.
CLASS I:
 Class I or group I includes all the stadiums for professional purposes. These stadiums
are also to be used for telecasting the events, for which the lighting needs to be
professional as well. These grounds are used for national and international games so
the installation of lights must be at high performance and of excellent quality. For this
purpose, the ground lux measures from about 1000lux to 2000lux.

KABADDI:
 A domestic popular game that calls Kabaddi. A "raider" enters the opposite team's half to tag
opponents without taking a pass in breath.
 KARATE: It is a martial art developed in Japan which uses punching, kicking, knee strikes,
elbow strikes, and some open-hand techniques.

Standard size
Size of Kabaddi court – 42ft x 32 feet
Cricket and hockey pending thinking thinking ???????????????????????
Comparison of diFFerent cricket stadiums in Pakistan :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_stadiums_in_Pakistan

https://www.slideshare.net/sunjay92neupane/ppt-37239064

https://www.dlgsc.wa.gov.au/sport-and-recreation/sports-dimensions-guide/cricket#:~:text=Cricket%20playing
%20ground&text=Its%20diameter%20varies%20between%20137m,a%20minimum%20of%2059.43m.
BUILDING FORM AND ENVIRONMENT
 From the creation of the Earth, all their creatures begin to set up housing. People also begin
with the construction of houses to protect themselves from air conditioning conditions and
predators. All you are looking for is nature to collect all available documents that will help
you build there. Not only materials, but also inspired by the structure that configurations in
nature, such as a bird's nest or other huts. The aesthetic aspect was not considered, as well
as its structure and stability. (merriam-webster, 2009)
 Throughout time, architects have believed that nature is a very good source of
inspiration for their works. Louis Khan said on nature as a powerful and trustful
foundation:
 First, all structures that have been built around the influence of the context. For example:
when design is constructed, many variables should be considered, such as the configuration
and morphology of the Earth, height or distance between the playground and the sea.
Another important factor is climate. Climate protection conditions are a crucial factor in
building design, as it should be used to take advantage of the benefits and accumulate the
best way. In many cases, people often tend to study and try to apply them to buildings. This
usually happens for the building to have more features and maintain as much energy as
possible. Due to all differences, such as nature that influences architecture, several types of
architectures were created with the main examples of organic and biomedical architecture.
(Benyus, 2006) An example is how gap gaps in their underground nest should use higher
temperatures receiving air temperatures with earth insulation and energy saving.

BUILDING’S FORM BLENDING WITH ENVIRNOMENT

 In architectural history, many buildings are inspired by nature. Obviously, in some of them, it
seems they understand that its shape and form are inspired by the natural environment, but in
some others, it is not so
simple. Examples of buildings
that are hard to understand
that their design is inspired by
nature, is mentioned in
accordance with.
Send money

 There are several examples that will continue to emphasize that architects not only decided to
use nature as an inspiration, but also to represent nature through the form of buildings they
have developed.
 Taipei 101 officiallucky was the highest in the world in October 2003, when the last part of the
tower was applied. In many ways to identify the highest worlds, the building argues that three
types: the highest height of the ceiling, the highest at the top of the texture, and the floor is
high.
 The architecture is inspired by traditional Chinese buildings and looks like a bamboo. Deposit.
 Taipei 101 Right: Bamboo Plant

 Aldar HQ designed by MZ Architects is given with a distinctive and innovative design of this
kind; the shape as it is circular convex façade gives it an outstanding and unique frontal
altitude. This iconic fully glazed structure is completely circular in elevation and curved in all
other direction of its construction. The architecture of Aldar HQ Is symmetry and imitated
from the form of a seashell which fulfills the basic requirements of the building being curvy in
the mentioned profile.

Aldar HQ Right: Seashell

  The new Minister of Municipal Affairs and Agriculture office (MMAA) in Qatar will be a first
persona of its kind. Aesthetics Architects was looking for inspiration to design a building that
would be situated in the hot, dry climate of Qatar, an area that only receives approximately 3.2
inches of rainfall annually. They decided to investigate the cactus for ideas on a building
solution.

Cactus plant/ MMAA Doha, Qatar

INTEGRATION OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT WITH LANDSCPAE:

BUILT ENVIRO

MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION:

STONE:
Availability and Collection:
 Stone is used in hilly areas and the natural building material for the northern areas. It is easily and
locally available in boulder, rubble or slate form. Originally, it was carried by the people on their
backs to the site of construction. Now, however, it is more economical to hire a tractor than
employ paid labor and it is expensive in cost too.

Rubble masonry Boulder Hammer dressed

TIMBER:
 Availability and Collection:
 Timber is produced by people cutting a particular kind of tree, like either by cutting their own
“Sufaida” or Poplar trees, or by purchasing it from the nearest available source, sometimes even
in the form of trees from the Forest Department as well.
 “Sufaida” is type of, most planted tree in KP, trees planted by the people in their farms are still
the most common source of timber for domestic houses and for community made using buildings.
Unseasoned Sufaida is a very flexible tree and supple timber and likely to bend in stress.

LIME:
Availability:
 Lime exists in some domestic and common areas. It is locally available and has been used as
binding material, for this purpose we now use cement and lime is now replaced by the cement.
In spite of this, the lime is very cheap in cost and still used locally owing to the lower price as
compare to that of cement. Lime is used for two means as mortar and plaster.
OTHER BUILDING MATERIALS

 The modern all materials list is given below which are also being good to be used as
construction material at northern areas of Pakistan specifically, Swat in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

 Stone
 Cement
 Sand
 Steel
 Concrete
 Glass
 Wood
 Brick
 Ceramics
 Plastics
 Rubber
 Aluminum
 Bronze, etc.
Water sports

INTRODUCTION TO WATERFRONT DESIGN

 The word “waterfront” ris normally representing the land fronting water. According to the
Oxford American Dictionary of Current English in English Dictionaries and Thesauruses,
waterfront basically means “the part of a town or city adjoining a river, lake, harbor, etc.”
 Looking at and seeing the waterfront as the area in the city where land meets water, spatially, an
area comprising 200m-300m from the interface to the water side and 1km-2km (that is about a
15min-20min walking distance) to the land side. It is an integrated system consisting of multiple
features, of which the water forms the center, and enclosed by substantial objects .

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN WATERFRONT

 The urban morphology of waterfront had significantly changed because of the social, economic,
and political needs of human beings. Throughout all the history, the waterfront was the first
choice of the place to live in the comfort and security of food, transportation facilities, and the
scope of cultivation. Therefore, many cities developed beside the waterfront. In the beginning, the
settlement was directly connected with the nature and landscape of the waterfront which
established a special landscape culture between water, settlement, and human. But due to the
industrial revolution during the 19th century formed the waterfront as a place of large warehouse
 and mills rather than identically developed an obstacle between city and waterfront. In the middle
of the 20th century (Carlino & Saiz, 2008), a few numbers of industrial events and port facilities
in city centers relocated to outside and left vast urban lands especially along waterfronts after the
decline of old harbor sites (Gospodini, 2001). (Shangi, Z. A. D., Hasan, M. T. 2019) stated ‘due
to rapid construction and population pressure in the inner city, the barrier between city and
suburb dissolved that interconnected city people with natural landscape again but waterfront
remain untouched due to flood threat’. The new technique in the construction industry insisted to
redevelop waterfront for social, recreation benefits for city people and develop and create a
worldly look or image.

LANDSCAPING AT WATERFRONTS

 The waterfront landscape can be separated into three parts such as the following:
 Landscape water body.
 This includes water plants, life-forms and other things in the ecosystem. There are also some
artificial landscapes, such as bridges and lighting.
 Areas close to water.
 Examples carry waterfront squares, footpaths, architecture, landmarks, lighting and some
artificial landscapes. There is usually a greenbelt to make the water lookOMG beautiful.
 Human activities.
 All of the people can enjoy some activities on waterfront areas, such as recreation or having a
picnic. Waterfront landscapes can be separated by artificial and natural landscapes:
 Natural landscape, such as water and plants.
 Artificial landscape, like for example footpath and waterfront square
 Cultural landscape, Likewise historical heritage and related stories.

CRITERIA OF WATERFRONT DESIGN

 The basic equirement for the successful development of the lower part of the city is the
protection of the environment. On the one hand, the natural ecosystem must be saved, the
 current state must be improved. Public spaces have parks, green areas, square banks should
focus qualitatively and are available for people and visitors at all times. To configure an
attractive public space, it is important to stay old and add new axes between the current city
and the country through a new area. The area must be designed, must provide multiple cultural,
social and commercial objects, as well as a variety of life concepts. Therefore, each class people
can enjoy the banks of the river after their choice. At the same time, RiverBank cannot be
competitors from the city, but he must complete the city structure and otherwise. At the same
time, it is necessary to combine the existing urban heritage and new development. Warehouse

PRINCIPLES OF WATERFRONT PLANNING

 Its main purpose is to make the waterfront area more reasonable and comfortable for citizens, we
usually need to follow these principles as encircled below:
 The plan of inner city must be kept in observation while building the waterfront areas. So the link
between city and waterfront area can properly be achieved.
 Sustainable development principles must be undertaken while designing the waterfronts.
Sustainability in every walk of four grounds i.e., biological, cultural, economic and technical must
be obtained.
 diversity principal which means multiple things, such as function diversity, diversity in space
and diversity of different classes of people. Diversity in function increases the diversity of
people’s level by bringing new life trend to the city. Diversity is fundamentaly dependent on
people’s needs. Nowadays, people require more and more, so the planning should be diversity to
meet people’s needs. Waterfront land is a desirable place, so it’s seldom used for some people,
such as for older people or children. However, it should be for people of all ages, so it needs
integrated functions.
 The tradition and modernization Are the mixture of homogenous, must be obtained in the
waterfront design. There is an adage in China- “the more traditional the more beautiful”. There
are two ways to mix the tradition and modernization; one is to use some traditional details in
modern planning, another is to use modern details in traditional plan. Both of these ways is a
basic way to plan.
 More in the context of the initiatives for the Global Conference on The Urban Future (Urban)
held in Berlin in July 2000 and in the course of the EXPO 2000 World Exhibition ,
 10 rules for a Sustainable Development of Urban Waterfront Areas were approved.
 Save water quality and the climate.
 Waterfront faces are part of the current urban fabric.
 Identification provides identification of historical identification.
 Public access is a prerequisite.
 Public participation is an element of sustainability.
 Public-private project planning speeds the process up.
 Waterfronts are long-term projects.
 Waterfronts profit from international networking.
 Re-vitalization is an on-going process.