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环境暴露与儿童健康专栏
杨文静1 ꎬ樊琳1 ꎬ叶丹1 ꎬ王姣1 ꎬ张宇晶1 ꎬ闫旭1 ꎬ王宇2 ꎬ包名家3 ꎬ王林1 ꎬ王先良1
1.中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所ꎬ北京 100021ꎻ2.清华大学ꎻ3.佳木斯市疾病预防控制中心
Continuous monitoring of fine particulate matter in school classrooms and assessment of students exposure level / YANG
Wenjing ∗ FAN Lin YE Dan WANG Jiao ZHANG Yujing YAN Xu WANG Yu BAO Mingjia WANG Lin WANG Xianliang.
∗
National Institute of Environmental Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100021 China
【Abstract】 Objective To explore the status of PM 2.5 pollution in school classrooms and the student exposure level and to pro ̄
vide basic data to safeguard the health of students. Methods This study continuously monitored the PM 2.5 levels of 16 naturally
ventilated classrooms in eight primary and secondary schools in Jiamusi for one academic year using an online environmental monito ̄
ring instrument. At the same time outdoor PM 2.5 data was captured for comparative research and student exposure to PM 2.5 during
school hours was evaluated. Results The average concentration of PM 2.5 in the classroom in the spring and autumn semesters was
26.93± 24. 7 and 31. 85 ± 30. 37 μg / m3 respectively and the indoor / outdoor ratio I / O was 0. 92 and 0. 95 respectively
which indicated a strong correlation between them. The daily average concentration of all classrooms during both semesters was
28.93±26.85 μg / m3 which was slightly higher than the average concentration of 27.53±26.53 μg / m3 during the daytime when
students were in school. In addition the concentration on workdays was higher than that observed on weekends and this was termed
the " weekend effect". The indoor PM 2.5 concentration was lower on higher floors. The comprehensive exposure concentration of
students during school was 28.48 μg / m3 in spring semester and 31.87 μg / m3 in autumn semester. Conclusion PM 2.5 levels in the
classrooms varied according to time the horizontal space and the vertical space and the level of indoor PM 2.5 pollution largely de ̄
pended on outdoor pollution sources. Differences in PM 2.5 exposure were observed between.
【Keywords】 Particulate matter Air pollutuon indoor Environmental monitoring Public health
3 讨论
本次连续监测显示ꎬ佳木斯市所有教室内 PM 2.5 的
24 h 平均质量浓度较低ꎮ 现行« 室内空气质量标准»
( GB 18883—2002) [5] 中未对 PM 2.5 的浓度限值做出规
图 2 春季学期教室 PM 2.5 日均质量浓度变化曲线 定ꎬ但低于« 环境空气质量标准» ( GB 3095—2012) 中
Figure 2 Variation curve of daily average concentration of 规定的日平均质量浓度一级标准 0.035 mg / m 3 ꎮ 此外
PM 2.5 in spring semester
工作日室内 PM 2.5 的平均浓度值均高于周末ꎬ显示出一
定的“ 周末效应” ꎬ与周国治等 [6] 的一项研究结果相
似ꎬ该研究发现长沙市工作日 PM 2.5 的平均质量浓度高
于周末 4 μg / m 3 左右ꎬ除 PM 2.5 之外ꎬO 3 、SO 2 、NO 2 等污
染物均存在类似规律ꎮ 分析原因可能与道路车流量
有关ꎮ 周末为休息日ꎬ市民开车出行时间分散ꎬ有益
于污染物扩散ꎬ而室内 PM 2.5 主要来源为室外ꎬ故产生
了周末 污 染 物 浓 度 低 于 工 作 日 的 效 应ꎮ 但 Othman
等 [7] 在吉隆坡市中心一项研究得出相反的结论ꎬ主要
原因是该学校位于城市主干道旁边ꎬ经调查该主干道
周末的车流量高于工作日ꎮ 以上均提示人类生产生
活对污染物浓度变化具有较大影响ꎮ
图 3 秋季学期教室 PM 2.5 日均质量浓度变化曲线 本项目监测的 8 所学校分别位于佳木斯市的前进
Figure 3 Variation curve of daily average concentration of 区、东风区、向阳区和郊区 4 个区ꎬ所以室内 PM 2.5 质量
PM 2.5 in autumn semester 浓度在空间上存在一定差异性ꎮ 其中 PM 2.5 质量浓度
中国学校卫生 2021 年 9 月第 42 卷第 9 期 Chin J Sch HealthꎬSeptember 2021ꎬVol.42ꎬNo.9 1309
项研究结果显示室内 PM 2.5 污染程度可能超过室外ꎮ [3] WHO.Effects of Air Pollution on Childrens Health and Development ̄
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www.mee.gov.cn / image20010518 / 5295.pdf.
学期室内、外 PM 2.5 水平之间存在强相关性ꎬ由此可推 Ministry of Ecology and Environmentꎬthe Peoples Republic of China.
测室内和室外 PM 2.5 的来源可能相似ꎮ Indoor air quality standard[ EB / OL] . [ 2021 - 04 - 15] . http: / / www.
除了季节变化ꎬPM 2.5 的质量浓度在空间上也存在 mee.gov.cn / image20010518 / 5295.pdf.
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2020ꎬ27(4) :180-183. 收稿日期:2021-01-05 修回日期:2021-03-30 本文编辑:顾璇