FÉNELON 187

CIvitrbs'sUL¨g
SOLON

mankMeNItenAq~STI3´nGULSB"¥adTI35 ( GULSB"¥ad – ry:evlabYnq~SEd

lenAcen¬aHkILaGILSBIk ) . F¬ab'eFI√karCaecA®kmenATI®kugGaEt˙nenAq~STI3
´nGULSB"¥adTI45, VnTTYlmrNPaBenAGULSB"¥adTI55 enAk~¨gGayu78q~S .

sUL¨gEdlmanedImkMeNItBUCGMbUrenATI®kugGaEt˙n˘˘˘ VnekItenAsa-
LamIn enAGULSB"¥adTI35 . “Bukrbs'Kat'CaecArbs'es†csU®Dus cMENk
m†ayrbs'Kat'CabgCIdUnmYy (Ep~kxagm†ay) CamYynwgm†ayrbs'BIsIus-
®tat . Kat'VncMNayeBlmYyPaKFMk~¨gyuvv&yrbs'Kat' edIm∫IeFI√dMeNIr
eTA®beTseGyIBÊ˘˘˘ edayehtufak~¨gsm&yenaH ®beTsenHCaTIkEn¬g®bCMu
´nG~kecHdwg . bnÊab'BIVneronsU®tGMBIrebob®Kb'®KgrdΩaPiVle®cIn®beP
T˘˘˘ nigBIGI√@TSgGs'EdlTak'Tgnwgc∫ab'Tm¬ab'´n®beTsenH Kat'Vn®t-
Lb'mk®kugGaEt˙nvij EdlenATIenaH cMeNHviCÇad*e®CA®CHrbs'Kat'®BmTS-
gBUCGMbUrd*xıg'xıs'rbs'Kat'VneFI√[Kat'TTYlkan'kab'tMENgd*sMxan'@
enAk~¨grdΩaPiVl .
sUL¨gCabursm~ak'®bkbedaybJÔaxıg'xıs', mankm¬SgkMEhgkays-
m∫aTarwgbwug, qnÊ:emaHmutnigesckI†esµaH®tg' . Kat'CavaKiµnm~ak'd*BUEk, CaG~k
kvI, CaG~kEtgc∫ab'®km®BmTSgCaG~keFI√siksÂgampg . eBjmYyCIvitrb
s'Kat'@VnxM®bwgE®bgx~HEx~gCYyrkesrIPaB[®beTsCatirbs'Kat' . sU
L¨gCaxµSgs®tUvrbs'BBYkCnelµaPGMNacp†ac'kar˘˘˘ min®twmEtb"ueNˆaHmin
sUvrvIrvl'k~¨gkarEs√grk®TB¥sm∫ti† edIm∫IB®gIkB®gwg®KYsarrbs'Kat'enaH
eT . dUctaEl˙spgEdr Kat'minEdlVnCab'cit†edIrtambMerI®KUVF¥ayn_
Nam~ak'pgEdr . Kat'minsUvVnykcit†Tukdak'nigerOgGaf·kMVMgrbs'Fmµ
CatienaHeLIy b"uEn†Vncab'GarmµNE_ tk~¨gerOgsIlFm· nigerOgneyaVy
eTAvij . KWKat'enHehIyEdlVnniBnÏsuPasitmYyd*lÌ®b´B – « enA®Kb'
muxviCÇa eK®tUvmankarecHdwgEtlµm@VnehIy »˘˘˘
FÉNELON 188

´f©mYysUL¨gVneFI√dMeNIreTAmIeLt_ edayKat'®tUvTak'Tajedayekr†i_
eQµaHl∫Irbs'taEl˙s hak'dUcCamn†es~h_ bnÊab'BImankarBiPakßaGs'mY-
yry:eeBlCamYynwgTsßnviTUe®kayenH Kat'k*VnniyayeTAkan't˙aEl-
sfa – « {! t˙aEls˘˘˘ xM∆¨manesckI†egOgq©l'x¬SgNas', ehtuGI√VnCaela
kmin®BmerobkaresaH; BIe®JHeBlenaHelakc∫as'CamankUnecA Edlela
kmankarsb∫aynwgciJçwm[FMFat'˘˘˘ » .
k~¨geBlP¬amenaH t˙aElsBMuVneqI¬yfaGI√TSgGs' . bIbYn´f©bnÊab'mk
Kat'k*VnbJÇa[bursm~ak'Ek¬gx¬Ánhak'dUcCaCnbreTs EdlmkelgBYk
Kat' . CnenHVnGHGagfa x¬ÁneKeTIbnwgeFI√dMeNIrmkBITI®kugGaEt˙nfIµ@ .
- En, sUL¨gsYrG~kdMeNIr, etImanerOgGI√Eb¬kekIteLIg…eT ?
- KµanerOgGI√eTebItamxM∆¨dwg, burscEm¬kVneJl, e®kAEtBIsByuvCn
m~ak' EdlmnusßTSgLayenATI®kugGaEt˙n nSK~aEhrykeTAeFI√buN¥˘˘˘ KW
edayehtufayuvCnenaHCakUnG~kmanBUCGMbUrxıs' . KWCakUn®busrbs'mnu-
sßm~ak' EdleKnSK~a®sLaj'eBj®suk ehIyKab'CYnGI√bursenaHk*kMBugEt
enAe®kA®kugGaEt˙nEfmeTAeTot Gs'cMnYnmYyry:eeBlmkehIy . em"¬aHehI
ymit†Pki†rbs'Kat'®Kb'K~a k*VnsMercfalak'erOgenHmin[Kat'dwg edayx¬a
cVrm∏fa erOgd*ex¬acpßarenHGaceFI√[Kat'QWs¬ab'˘˘˘
- {! “BukGI√k*GP&B√em"¬H˘˘˘ sUL¨gVnåTaneLIgx¬Sg@, etIKat'enaHeQµaH
GI√eTA ? .
- xM∆¨æeKniyayeQµaHKat'EdrEtxM∆¨mincS, CnG~keFI√dMeNIrVneqI¬ytb,
xM∆¨®Kan'Etdwgfa enHebIeyagtamsMdIG~kpg faCabursm~ak'man®VC∆axıs'xı
s'Nas'˘˘˘
sUL¨gEdlkan'Etmankarfb'Vrm∏x¬SgeLIg@ mansµartIveg√gvg√an'G-
s'eTAehIy . ®TSminVnKat'k*lan'mat'fa ®bEhlCasUL¨geTdwg . bu-
rscEm¬kk*eqI¬ytbP¬ammYyrMeBCfa – « h~¨gehIyKWeQµaHKat'enHehIy »
ædUec~aHP¬amsUL¨gk*manGakar:QWcab'Bn'®bmaN rhUtdl'EhksMelok
bMJk'rbs'Kat' . Kat'eVcx∆Ssk' nigvaytb'k∫alrbs'x¬Án‰g ! .
- em†cVnCayMehIyekItTuk≈GI√d*m¬wg@, t˙aElseJleTAkan'rUbKat', cM
eJHkarxUcxatmYyEdlTwkEP~kmYye®kamemXenH minGacCYyEkkunVn .
- Gnicça! cemI¬yrbs'sUL¨g, mkBIehtudUec~HehIyEdlbN†al[xM∆¨
yM˘˘˘ xM∆¨yMesaknwgvibti†mYyEdlKµan{sfGI√GacemIlCaVn .
FÉNELON 189

enATIbJçb' t˙aElsk*VnesIcBIGakb∫kiriyasMEdgTuk≈®BYyTSgb"unµan
rbs'sUL¨g˘˘˘
- {! sUL¨g˘˘˘ mit†sMLaj'rbs'xM∆¨, t˙aElseJl˘˘˘ KWmkBIbuB√ehtuenH
ehIyEdleFI√[xM∆¨P&yx¬acerOgerobGaJhB
_ iJhd
_ l'em"¬H˘˘˘ xM∆¨x¬acnwm´ncM-
Ngem®tIrvagbI†®bBnÏ BIe®JHxM∆¨Vndwgc∫as'Nas' BIesckI†QWcab'rbs'
bursm~ak'd*man®VC∆aCageK k~¨gcMeNambursTSgLayfa˘˘˘ eTaHCamnusß
mancit†rwgbwugy"agNak*eday k*minGacTb'Tl'Cab'nwgesckI†QWcab'Edl
ekIteLIgmkBIesckI†es~ha ehIynigBIkarEfTSrkßakUnecAsac'Qam . cUr
‰gQb'®BYyVrm∏BIerOgenHeTA BIe®JHerOgTSgGs'EdleKVnniyay®V
b'‰g KWCaerOgPrPUtEdleKVne®KagTuksMrab'esIcelgEtb"ueNˆaH .
✱ ✱
✱
CayUryarNas'mkehIy manekItsÂgammYyy"ageXareXA rvagBYk
®bCaCnenATI®kugGaEt˙n nigBYkG~k®sukemk˙arI Edl®bkab'®bcak'K~as¬ab'
rs'teNI†mykekaHsaLamIn . enAcugbJçb', bnÊab'BImankarvay®bhar
s¬ab'esÌks˚HenAk~¨g®kumTSgsg≈ag˘˘˘ BYkG~kTI®kugGaEt˙n edaycaj'e®bob
eKpg edayFujfb'nwgkarbg˙ËrQampg k*Vnbgab'bJÇa[p†nÊaeTasdl'
s¬ab' cMeJHCnTI1Nam~ak'Edlmankar®BehInhflanesI~r[begI˚tsÂgam
deNI†mykekaHsaLamIn EdlBYk®bCaCnemk˙arIkMBugEtkan'kab' . sUL¨g
k*mankar®BYyVrm∏fa k~¨gerOgenH®bsinebIKat'harmat'niyay nwgGacnS
Tuk≈eTasdl'x¬Án‰g k*b"uEn†ebIKat'enAes©ømvij vanwgGaceFI√[bg'xatdl'®b
CaCatirbs'Kat' . em"¬aHehIyKat'k*VnsMerccit†Ek¬gx¬ÁneFI√CamnusßqÁt edI
m∫IGacniyaysI†fay"agNak*Vn ®BmTSg®b®Bwt†Gakb∫kiriyaEbbNak*V
nTSgGs'edayKµaneTas´BrG
_ I√ . Kat'k*Vn[eKpßayJseBjTI®kugfa
x¬ÁnKat'mankarLb'stixUcsµartIGs'rlIgeTAehIy . bnÊab'BIVnEtgkM-
NaB¥d*kMst' eJreBjeTAedaymenaseJçtnaGaNitGanafx¬Án‰g Edl
Kat'VnTenÊje®cIndgrhUtdl'cSmat' Kat'k*VnedIrecjBIpÊH edaysM-
elokbMJk'®kx√k'nigrEhkrhuy . Kat'manExßEdlKat'Jk'B¥ÁrCab'nwgk
x¬Án‰g ®BmTSgJk'mYkkMBUl®sYcmYyEdleJreBjeTAedayEkÌl . Bl
rdΩCae®cInrUbk*Vn®bmUlp†M¨K~aecameramCMuvijrUbKat' . sUL¨gk*eLIgQrelI
dMufµmYy EdltamTm¬ab'eKe®bIsMrab'®bkasdMNwgCasaFarN: ehIyKat'
FÉNELON 190

k*cab'epI†msU®tkMNaB¥EdlCakarxusEb¬kBITm¬ab'Fmµtarbs'Kat' –
- KWCaP&B√Ga®kk'Nas'sMrab'rUbxM∆¨, sUL¨gVnE®skdeg˙ayenAcMeJHmu
xG~kpg, Edl®kugGaEt˙nCa®sukkMeNItrbs'xM∆¨˘˘˘ {! xM∆¨KYrEtekItenAh√ËeL-
k˙g'ed …enAsIEy"n …k*enATIkEn¬gNaGa®kk'saman¥ ´®B´pßy"agNak*V
nEdr dUcem†ck*®Kan'ebICag®kugGaEt˙n : BIe®JHxM∆¨mincg'[eKcg̨lmuxxM∆¨fa
GaKat'enHCaCnCatiGaEt˙nEdlVnrt'®Vs'Gayu y"agKYr[eGonxµas'BIsa
LamIn . BYkeyIg®tUvEtsgswkP¬ammYyrMeBC cMeJHkar®bmafEdleyIg
eTIbnwgVnTTYl˘˘˘ ehIy®tUvkan'kab'kEn¬gsb∫ayekßmkßan†mYy EdlBY
ks®tUveyIgVndeNI†mykeTAedayGyuti†Fm· .
Jk¥enHVnbN†al[BYkG~kenATI®kugGaEt˙nmanesckI†rMePIby"agx¬Sg
. BYkeKk*P∆ak'rlwksµartI rYcnSK~aEkE®b®kwt¥bJÇarbs'BYkeK . BYkeKnS
K~akan'GavuF®BmK~aeLIg ehIyVnsMerccit†y"agmutmSeFI√sÂgam®bqSgnwg
BYkemk˙arIeLIgvij .
sUL¨gk*Vn®tUveKe®CIserIseFI√CaembJÇakarkgT&B . Kat'nigkUnecA
rbs'Kat'VncuHeFI√dMeNIrk~¨gTUkensaTCae®cIn˘˘˘ manTUksÂgammYyEdl
manG~kEcv36nak'mktamBIe®kay . Kat'mkQb'sMkSgminq©ayb"unµanBIsa
LamIn . BYkemk˙arI ( CnCatis∫"artw˘˘˘ EdlsuTÏswgCaBYk®kikdUcCaCnCati
GaEt˙npgEdr ) hak'dUcCadwgfamanerOgGI√ekIteLIg k*nSK~art'e®Jge®Jt
k~¨gsPaBGarat'GarayeTArkkan'GavuFerogx¬Án . BYkeKVn®saynavarbs'
eKmYy ehIybJÇËn[eTAemIldl'kEn¬gekItehtu edIm∫I®Kan'dwg[c∫as'fa
etImanerOgGI√ekIteLIg . navaenaHk*VnxitcUleTACitEk∫rEmnETn Caehtu
bN†al[sUL¨gcab'Xat'Vn .
sUL¨gk*VnbJÇa[cab'cg'BYkemk˙arIEdlenAk~¨gTUkenaHTSgGs' . Ka
t'k*VnykG~kk¬ahan´nTI®kugGaEt˙nCae®cInnak'eTAdak'bJçËlCMnYs ehI-
ybgab'bJÇa[BYkenHebIkek†ageqıaHeTAsaLamIn edaylblak'[VnyUr
CaTIbMput . sUL¨gVnnSeTACamYyKat' nUvBYkyuTÏCnEdlesssl' ehI
yVncUleTAk~¨gdIekaHtamkEn¬gmYyepßg .
sUL¨gVneBIb®bTHnwgBYkemk˙arI EdlelIkK~amk®byuTÏy"agKwkkg k*
b"uEn†enAeBlEdlBYkeKkMBugEtCab'´dK~a˘˘˘ BYk®kumG~kk¬ahanEdlsUL¨g
VnbJÇËnmYynavaEt‰k‰g k*Vnmkdl'dIekaHEdr ehIyvaydeNI†myk
VnTI®kugTSgmUlCacMNuH . sUL¨gbnÊab'BIVnTm¬ak'GavuFBYkemk˙arIrYceh
FÉNELON 191

Iy k*VnbJÇËnBYkG~keTassÂgam[®tLb'eTA®sukx¬Ánvij edayKµanTam
Taryk´f¬f~ËrGI√TSgGs' . bnÊab'mk Kat'k*Vnsg'vihar´nsÂgammYysMra
b'f√ay®BHGgar ( ®BHGaTieTB´nCnCati®kik, Canimit†rUb´nsÂgam ) enAcM®t
g'kEn¬gEdlKat'VnTTYleCaKC&y˘˘˘
k~¨gry :eevlabnÊab'mk BYk®kumemk˙arId*rwgrUsk*Vnsakl∫gelIkT&B
mkvayteNI†mykekaHsaLamInvij k*b"uEn†Cakar≤tGMeBI enATIbMput BYk®ku
mcMVMgTSgsg≈ag Vnsuxcit†elIkykerOgCem¬aHrbs'x¬Án®bKl'eTA[BYk
Laesedm"Un ( Lacédémoniens ) CaG~kkat'esckI† . enAeBlenaH sUL¨gk*
Vnbg˙ajPs†¨tagd*Cak'Es†genAcMeJHmux®kumG~ktMNagraÂs†EdlmkBI
s∫"artw ( Sparte ) fah√flÈlusehIynigGWrIh√as EdlCakUnrbs'Gay"akß
es†cenAsaLamIn VnF¬ab'mkrs'enAk~¨g®kugGaEt˙nkalk~¨gGtitkal, ehI
yG~kTSgBIrk*Vn®bKl'ekaHenH mk[BYkG~krs'enATI®kugenHrYcehIy .
Kat'k*VnbJÇa[eKebIkp~ËrexµacCae®cIn ehIyVnbg˙aj[eXIjfa p~ËrenA
®suksaLamIne®cInEtEbrmuxeTArk®kugGaEt˙n˘˘˘ cMENkp~Ërrbs'BYkemk˙arIvi
j e®cInEtEbreTArkTispʨy . min®twmEtb"ueNˆaH BYksaLamIne®cInEt q¬ak'
nam®tkUl´nG~ks¬ab'enAelIp~Ër EdlCaTMenomTMlab'eBlenaH rbs'BYk
®kugGaEt˙nEtmYyb"ueNˆaH .
k*b"uEn†minyUrb"unµan BYkemk˙arIk*Vneq¬øt{kassgswkvij˘˘˘ KWeday
ehtufa enATI®kugGaEt˙nmanCem¬aHrvag®KYsarBIr KWBYk®kum®tkUlsIuL¨g ni
g®kum®tkUlemk˙aEk¬s EdlbegI˚t[mankarsgswkB¥aVTK~ay"agx¬SgB-
n'®bmaNeTAvijeTAmk rhUtdl'cg'bN†al[mankarraldals¬ab'mnu-
sßeBjTI®kug . enAk~¨gGtitkal sIuL¨gmaneKal®Vf~acg'eLIgeFI√es†c
enATI®kugGaEt˙n . karXubXitenHk*®tUvVnEbkkarN_ – sIuL¨gk*Vn®tUv
BiXatCamYynwgBYk®kumKUknrbs'Kat'Cae®cInnak' . BBYkG~kEdlrt'rYc k*
VneKceTABYnGatµaenAk~¨g®BHviharmIEnrv ( Minerve – GaTieTB®sImYyeTot
´nCnCati®kik ) . emk˙aEk¬sEdlenAeBlenaHmanfan:CaecA®km VneFI√
karl∫ÁglYgelamedaysMdIEpÌmEl˙m edIm∫I[BYkG~keTasecjmkbg˙aj
x¬ÁnenAtulakar edaym~ak'@kan'ExßmYysr´sqµarcgCab'nwgrUbbdimakrrb-
s'®BH®sIenAcugxagm≈ag edIm∫IkMu[Vt'bg'esrIPaBrbs'BYkeKEdl®BHeTIb
®bTan[ .
enAeBlEdlBYkenHVncakcuHBIviharmkP¬amkalNa Exßcgrbs'BYk
FÉNELON 192

eKk*®tUvrbUtdac' . emk˙aEk¬sk*VnniyayGHGagfa enHCasJÔac∫as'la-

s' Edl®BH®sIElgTTYlKSJrBYkG~kTSgenHeTotehIy . P¬amk~¨grMeBC
enaH emk˙aEk¬sk*VnbJÇa[cab'x¬ÁnBYkG~kTSgenaHe®cInK~a BYkeKk*®tUvh√Ëg
®bCaBlkrenAEk∫renaHKb'nwgdMufµs¬ab'Gs'Kµansl' . BYkNaEdlrt'eTA
BYnenAkEn¬g®BHbdimakr k*®tUveKBiXatedayKµanesckI†GaNitemt†a nig
esckI†eKarBcMeJH®BH . manEtbYndb'nak'b"ueNˆaHEdlVnrt'rYcx¬Án KWeda
ysarEt®kumPriyarbs'BYkecA®kmVnykBYkesssl'TSgenH ykeTA
e®bI®Vs'ehIyedaHElg[rYcx¬Án˘˘˘
GMeBIGFm·exµA®kx√k'EbbenH VnbN†al[G~kpgsÌb'exıImBYkecA®km t
BUCrhUtdl'kUnecA . CayUrq~Se®kaymk BYkkUnecArbs'sIuL¨g k*Vnk¬ay
Camnusßman≤TiÏBld*mhima . KMnMuKMuKYnrvag®kumTSgBIr k*®tUvpʨHeqHqab
eLIgx¬SgeLIg@erogral'´f© . sUL¨gEdlkaleBlenaHmanfan:CaecA®km
TSgBIr mankar®BYyVrm∏fa karEbkVk'K~arvag®kumTSgBIrenH nwgGacman
lTÏPaBnS[rlt'rlayTI®kugTSgmUl . Kat'k*VnniyaybJç¨HbJçËl®ku
mTSgsg≈ag[rkecA®kmkat'esckI† rkkarxus®tUvdl'Cem¬aHrbs'BYkeK .
BYkecA®kmk*VnsMercesckI†[BYk®kum®tkUlsIuL¨gQ~H . BYkkUnecAepA
sN†anrbs'®kumemk˙aEk¬sTSgb"unµan k*Vn®tUveKbeN†ajecjBITI®kugTS
gGs'K~a˘˘˘ sUm∫IEtqÌwgrbs'BYkG~ks¬ab'eTAehIy k*Vn®tUveKKas'kkay
ykecjBIp~Ër edIm∫IykeTA®Kvat'ecalenAe®kA®kugGaEt˙n .
BYkemk˙arI edayeq¬øt{kasd*lÌrbs'BYkeKk~¨geBlenH k*VnnSK~aelI
kGavuFmkc∫SgBYkGaEt˙nm†geTot KWenAcMeBlEdlBYkxage®kayenHkMBug
EtEbkVk'K~aeBjTMhwg˘˘˘ ehIyBYkeKk*VnsMercteNI†mykekaHsaLamI
nsarCafIµ .

enAeBlEdlsÂgamsIuvilmYyenA®kugGaEt˙n minTan'Vnputrlt'eTA
®sYlbYlpgk*®sab'EtmanpʨHvibti†TMnas'mYyeTotd*F©n'F©r ehIyEdl®b-
kbedaye®KaHf~ak'CagmuneTAeTot . BYkBlrdΩ®kI®kTSgLayk*®sab'Et
®tUvCMJk'eKv&Nˆk˘˘˘ ehIyk*®tUvtulakarnSx¬Ánmkkat'eTaserogral'´f© dak'
eTasBin&y[k¬ayeTACaxM∆¨kJÇHdac'´f¬rbs'BYk®kumEdleKCMJk' . BYke®ka
FÉNELON 193

yenHk*VnnSykBYkG~kgareTAe®bIeFI√kardUceKa®kbI …k*ykeTAlk'dUrtam
TMenIgcit† . BYk®bCaCn®kI®kk*Vn®bmUlp†M¨K~aeLIgEs√grkemekIy edIm∫I
Xat'dMeNIr®Bwti†karN_ eFI√y"agNakMu[BYkeK®tUvykeTAlk'dUrbn†reTAeTo-
t˘˘˘ fI√ebIBYkeKBMumanesahfluysg®Vk'bMNuledayTan'eBlevlakI† . min
®twmEtb"ueNˆaH BYkeKEfmTSgVnbg≈M[BYkecA®kmTSgGs'®bmUl®TB¥s-
m∫ti†x¬ÁnykmkEckcay[esIµPaKK~aCamYyG~k®kI®k˘˘˘ dUcCalIkYkVneFI√
enAs∫a"rtw . sPaBrMeCIbrMCYlEbbenHk*VnrIkTMhMduHdalkan'Etx¬SgeTA@,
TMnas'Vk'EbkenAk~¨gsgm ( rvagBYkG~k®knigG~kman )˘˘˘ k*kan'EtmankMsY
lBisF©n'F©rrhUtdl'eKminGacEs√grk{sfmkB¥aVlvibti†enHVn .
sUL¨gk*Vn®tUv®kumCem¬aHTSgsg≈ageVHeq~atelIkeLIg[eFI√CaGaC∆a-
kN†aledIm∫IpßHpßarnigCYsCulsPaBrEhk´nsgm ! . mundMbUgKat'min
Vn®BmTTYlykCadac'xatnUvebskkmµmYyd*Esnsµ¨KsµajEbbenH˘˘˘b"u
En†bnÊab'mkTwkcit†es~haCatirbs'Kat', cMNg'cg'bMerI®beyaCns
_ aFarN:
k*VncMruj[Kat'eJlGHGagkalBIk~¨gGtitkalfa smPaBnwgGacbJŒ
b'kartva"nigkarekItTuk≈minsuxcit†®Kb'Ebby"ag . m~ak'@k*Vnbk®sayJ
k¥X¬aTSgenHeTAtamkaryl'eXIjnigpl®beyaCnr_ bs'BYkeKerOg@x¬Án.
BYkG~k®knwksµanfa sUL¨gmaneKalbMNgcg'[mnusßTSgGs'manPaB
esIµK~a˘˘˘ cMENkBYkG~kmanvijnwksµanfa Kat'maneKalbMNgeFI√rg√as'rg√a
l'´nCIvit edayeyageTAtamCatikMeNItBUCGMbUrnigkiti†ysrbs'buKlm~a
k'@ . dUec~HJk¥Jk¥sMdIrbs'Kat' VneFI√[mankarFUr®sal dl'®Kb'®t-
ecokG~ks†ab'˘˘˘ rhUtdl'G~kpgVnmUlmtiK~asMu[Kat'eLIgeFI√Caes†c .
mnusße®cInK~a fI√ebIKµankarTak'TgnwgerOgTMnas'rvagvNˆ:nigvNˆ:enA
k~¨gTI®kugk*eday, BMuGacrk{sf‰Nae®kAeTotVnedIm∫ITb'Tl'nwgvibti†´n
karEbkVk'K~a˘˘˘ em"¬aHehIyk*Vnsµ&®Kcit†rYbrYmK~aEs√grkecAh√aym~ak' Ed-
lmansN†ancit†lÌ ehIyEdlG~kpgTTYlsal'faCamnusßmanbJÔaCa
geKenAelIEpndIenH . b"uEn†sUL¨gminVn®BmTTYlykdMeNaH®sayEd
lt®mUv[rUbKat'eFI√CaemdwknSenaHeT˘˘˘ Kat'eKcx¬Ánecjq©ayBITIenaH ehIy
Vn®bkasfa Kat'nwgbdiesFsMeNIrbs'BYkeKy"agdac'Ghg˚a .
mit†Pki†d*CitdittSgb"unµanrbs'Kat'k*VnsI†benÊasdl'rUbKat'®Kb'@K~a.
G~kTSgenaHVneJledaysMdIeJreBjedayesckI†eTamnsßdUec~Hfa –
- em†cdUec~HsUL¨g ? ®Kan'Etx¬acG~kpgtiHedolfaelakCaG~kCiHCan'˘˘˘
FÉNELON 194

elakEbrCamin®BmbegI˚tBUCBgßvg'®tkUlmhakß®tmYy Edl´f©e®kay
eTAKg'Etmanlk≈N:®twm®tUvtamc∫ab'Cae®kayminxan˘˘˘ ehIyKt'EtG~k
pgekateKarB®Kb'@K~a ? elakemIlTIm"Udas kalBIedImKat'minVnEtgtS
gx¬Án‰gCaes†cenAGWebeT… ? cMENkBItakvij kWKat'minkMBugEtesayra-
C¥enAmITIELnenaHeT…sB√´f© ? karBitminGIcwg ? .
b"uEn†eTaHCaeKniyaybJç¨HbJçËlEvgq©ayy"agNa k*sUL¨gmin®Bm
s†ab'Jk¥sMdIEbbenHEdr . « raCvSgrbs'es†c ehIynigGMNacp†ac'kar »
sUL¨geqI¬ytb « ˘˘˘tamBitKWCaTIkEn¬gd*lÌ®besIrEmnETn, k*b"uEn†TIenaH®tU
vx&NÎrMuB&TÏCMuvijedaye®CaH®Clg, kalNaeKVncUleTAehIy eKrk®ck
ecjvijminrYceT˘˘˘» . dUec~HeTA˘˘˘ eTaHCamanmnusße®cInK~aVnTTUcsMuGg√r
y"agNak*eday k*sUL¨gminVn®BmTTYlykmuxgard*fM˚¨efI˚grugerOgmYy
EdlG~kpgelIkCUnKat'edaysuTÏcit†enHEdr . mit†Pki†rbs'Kat'Vncat'Tuk
rUbKat'faCamnusßqÁt˘˘˘.
sUL¨gVnxM®bwgs√HEs√gedaysuTÏcit† rkdMeNaH®sayedIm∫I[FUr
®saldl'vibti† EdleFI√[®kugGaEt˙n®CYl®cbl'vwkvr . Kat'k*Vncab'epI†m
ecjkMNt'bJÇamYyEdlEcgfa karCMJk'vak'vinTSgGm∫almaNrbs'buK
lm~ak'@ nwg®tUvelIkElgecalTSgGs'˘˘˘ em"¬aHehIyBYkCnNaEdlman
eKCMJk'®Vk'enaH k*BMuGaceTATarykbMNulvijVneLIy . min®twmEtb"u-
eNˆaH edIm∫IeFI√CaKMrUcMeJHG~kd´TTSgGs'K~a Kat'k*Vnykmas7dMLwgEd-
lKat'®tUvVnTTYlCamrtkBI“Bukrbs'Kat' ykeTAbg√il®tLb'eTA[eK
vij . Kat'Vn®bkasEfmeTotfa kicçCMJk'EdlnwgekItmaneLIgenA´f©mux
Edlmanlk≈N:ykrUbkayeTAFana nwg®tUvTukCaemaX:teTAeTot edIm∫I
ecosvagkMu[manvibti†sgmdEdlekIteLIgsarCafIµm†geTot . bkßTSg
sg≈ag mundMbUgminsUvCasb∫aycit†nwgkarkat'esckI†EbbenHesaH – BYk
G~kman@karTas'cit†y"agx¬Sg edayehtufaBYkeK®tUvxUcxatedaysarEt
minVnTarbMNulmkvij˘˘˘ cMENkBYkG~k®kI®kvij k*ekItmanesckI†eTam
nsße®JHEtBYkeKminVncMENk®TB¥sm∫ti†Eck[esIµPaKK~a . k*b"uEn†BYk
G~kxagNak*eday ´f©e®kaymkk*manCMenOeCOCak'enAk~¨gcit†fa dMeNaH
®sayEbbsUL¨gmanpl®beyaCnB
_ it®VkdEmn ehIyCadMeNaH®say
eJreBjedaysuPnicœ&y . em"¬aHehIyBYkeKk*Vne®CIserIssarCafIµyk
rUbKat'[eFI√CaGaC∆aFr edIm∫Ibnßabkar®CYl®cbl'vwkvr begI˚teLIgedayBYk
FÉNELON 195

®kumKNbkßbI EdlykTI®kugGaEt˙nmkEhkEckK~a . eJl˘˘˘ BYkeKk*V

n®bKl'GMNaceBjeljeTAsUL¨g edIm∫I[Kat'manlTÏPaBEkE®bc∫ab'
tamTMenIgcit†rbs'Kat' ®BmTSgEtgtSgrdΩaPiVleyageTAtamcMNg'rb
s'Kat' .
BYkG~k®sukP~MkaleNaH ( bdivt†nV
_ rSg´nq~S1789VnykKMrUtamerOg
CIv®bvti†rbs'sUL¨gEdr˘˘˘ BIe®JHk~¨gsm&ybdivt†ne_ nH man«BYkG~k®sukP~M
»VneLIgmkeFI√CaG~ktMNagk~¨gsPabdivt†n´_ nsaFarNrdΩVrSg ) man
eKal®Vf~acg'[®bCaBlrdΩ eLIgmkkan'kab'kicçkarrbs'rdΩenA®Kb'TIkEn¬g
. BYkEdlrs'enAelI´pÊrabmaneyabl'fa manEtBYkG~kecHdwgbni†cbn†Ác
b"ueNˆaH Edl®tUvTTYlkan'kicçkarsaFarN: . cMENkBYkenAk~¨gkgnavIvij
Vnyl'fa BYkecA®km®tUvEtdk®sg'ecjmkBIvNˆ:TSgBIr .
sUL¨gEdleKe®CIserIsykeFI√CaGaC∆akN†alkMBUl manGMNacdUc
mhakß®t k*Vncab'epI†mlb'bMVt'ecalTSgGs' nUvc∫ab'rbs'®dakug, G~k
EdlVnkan'kicçkarkMBUlmunrUbKat'˘˘˘ edayehtuc∫ab'TSgenaHmanlk≈N:
twgrwughYsnisß&yeBk . eTaskMhusd*®salbMputk*®tUvTTYlTNÎkmµ
edaykarBiXat ®bEhlK~anwgeTaskMhusd*F©n'F©rbMputpgEdr . rYmesc
kI†mk G~kEdlmankMhusdUcCaesckI†xiÇl®cGUs …VnlYcEp¬eQI …esµAmY
ycMnYn ®tUvmanTuk≈eTasesIµK~anwgG~kEdlVn®bmaf®BH …®bmafvtƒ¨s&ki†-
siTiÏCaTIsk˚ar:, manXatkmµCaedIm…GI√@eTot EdleKVncat'Tukfa CaGMeBI
d*exµA®kx√k'CaTIbMput . em"¬aHehIy G~kpgVnyl'fa c∫ab'TSgGs'enH Vn
®tUvsresreLIgedayelahit .
´f©mYyeKVnsaksYreTA®dakugfa – ehtuGI√VnCaKat'bgab'bJÇa [ka
t'eTas®bhaCIvit cMeJHbTå®kidΩ…mCŒwmEtTSgGs' edayKµaneBlnwgrvI
rvl'cMeJHbTNa®sal…bTNaF©n'enaH? . ®dakugk*VneqI¬yfa KWBIe®JH
bTkMhusd*®salbMput®tUvTTYlBin&yedaydkhUtCIvieTAehIy˘˘˘ em"¬aHehI
yKat'mindwgrkrebobBin&y‰Na[twgrwugCagkarBiXateTAeTot cMeJHGMeBI
Ga®kk'd*FM@EmnETn .
sUL¨gVnEckvNˆ:®bCaBlrdΩk~¨gsm&yenaHCabI®bePT eyagtam
®TB¥sm∫ti†EdlbuKlm~ak'@manCakmµsiTiÏ . Kat'VnGnuJÔat[ebIkT√ar´n
kicçkarsaFarN:c
cMeJH®bCaBlrdΩTUeTA˘˘˘ elIkElgEtBYksil∫krEtb"u-
eNˆaH Edlrs'enAedaykicçkars~a´drbs'x¬Án‰g . BYkG~kcuge®kayenH
FÉNELON 196

edayBMuVnTTYlmuxtMENgGI√TSgGs' em"¬aHehIyk*min®tUvVnTTYlbuB√si
TiÏGI√dUcG~kd´TpgEdr .
‹ sUL¨gVnbgab'bJÇa[mankare®CIserIsCanicçnirn†r_ nUv®kumecA®km
d*sMxan'@TSgLay EtenAk~¨gcMeNamBYkG~kecHdwgd*xıg'xıs'bMput˘˘˘
‹ ®bsinNaebImankarbHeVrmYyekIteLIg nrNaEdlminVncUlk~¨
gbkßxagNaenaH nwg®tUvcat'TukfaCaG~kVn®b®Bit†GMeBIexµA®kx√k'bMput˘˘˘
‹ enAk~¨glk≈N :N
NaEdlbursm~ak'VnerobGaJhB
_ iJhC
_ amYy®sI
G~kman˘˘˘ ehIyebIbursenaHman®bdab'bn†BUCs¬ab's†Ëk˘˘˘ ÂsI†enaHmansiTiÏ
nwgrYmdMeNkCamYynwgbgbÌËnd*CitditbMputrbs'bI†nag EdlnagVne®CIs
erIs .
‹ sUL¨gVnkMrit[®sI@yksm∫ti†®TB¥[bI† mancMnYn®twmEtsMBt'bI
nige®KOgrbs'rbrk~¨gpÊHbni†cbn†ÁcEdlKµant´m¬ .
‹ eKGacsm¬ab'mnusßkMpit (bI†…®bBnÏrbs'x¬Án) ebIeKTan'mnusßenHkM
Bug®b®Bit†Gakarsahaysµn'Cak'Es†g ( ®tg'kEn¬genH c∫ab'VrSgehIyni
gc∫ab'ExµrburaNVnGnuvt† edayykKMrUtamsUL¨g ) .
‹ Kat'Vnt∫itet∫øtkarcMNayrbs'®sI@ ®BmTSgVnlb'bMVt'eca
lnUvBiFIbuN¥Cae®cIny"ag EdlGs'G~k®sI@nigelakCMTave®cInEt®VrB√ .
‹ Kat'Vnham®Vmmin[niyayGa®kk' BIG~kEdlVnTTYlmrNPa
BrYceTAehIy .
‹ Kat'VnebIkc∫ab'GnuJÔat [BYkG~kEdlmankUnecA e®CIserIsyk
CnNak*VnEdr edIm∫ITTYlykmrtk eJlKW[EtenAk~¨glk≈N:NaEd-
lBYkG~kTSgenaHenAmansµartI®sYlbYlenAeLIy enAeBlEdlBYkeKeFI√
kicçbN†S .
‹ CnNaEdlVnbMp¬icbMp¬aj®TB¥sm∫ti†x¬Án‰g ®tUvcat'Tukfa Vn®b
®Bwt†GMeBIefakTabd*exµA®kx√k', buKlenaH®tUvVt'bg'buB√siTiÏTSgLayEdlx¬Á
nman . m"¥agvijeTot eTaså®kidΩEbbenHnwgF¬ak'eTAelI®Kb'buKlNa Ed
lminVnciJçwm“Bukm†ayrbs'x¬Án enAeBlEdlKat'cUlv&ycas'Cra . kUn
®busminTTYlnaTIciJçwm“Bukrbs'x¬Án‰geT ®bsinebIkalBIenAk~¨gyuvv&y
“Bukrbs'x¬ÁnminVnENnSkUn[eronecHdwgBImuxrbrmYysMrab'ciJçwmCIvit.
‹ CnbreTsNak*eday minVn®tUvTTYlfan:CaBlrdΩenATI®kugGaEt˙
nenaHeT ®bsinebICnenHminVnTTYlkarnireTsGs'mYyCIvit BIsMNak
FÉNELON 197

'®beTsedImrbs'eKpÊal' …k*eKminVnsMercmkrs'enA®Ckekank~¨gTIenaH
CamYynig®kum®KYsareKTSgGs' edIm∫I®bkbrbrrksIuNamYy .
‹ Kat'VnbnƒycMnYn®Vk'kM´rEdleKF¬ab'Vnp†l'[BYkkILakrCarg√an'
enaH .
‹ Kat'VnbJÇa[rdΩkarciJçwmBYkkUnrbs'BYkG~k EdlVns¬ab'k~¨gs-
ÂgamedIm∫Ie®sac®sg'®beTsCati .
‹ G~kEdlTTYlxus®tUvtamp¬Ëvc∫ab'Efrkßaekµgmin®Kb'Gayu˘˘˘ minGac
rs'enACamYym†ay´nekµgenaHeT˘˘˘ cMENkG~kTTYlmrtky"agCitbMputk*min
Gacdac'xat®tUvTTYlfan:CaG~kGPiVlEdr ( G~kTTYlxus®tUvemIlekµg ) .
‹ karlYcbMVt'®tUvTTYleTasBin&ydl's¬ab', cMENkCnNaEdlV
nex√HEP~keKm≈ag nwg®tUvTTYleTasBin&y eday®tUveKex√HEP~kvijTSgsg≈ag
c∫ab'rbs'sUL¨gTSgb"unµan Vn®tUveKq¬ak'enAelIpÊSgfµ . BYk®kumCMnMuku
gßIVnrYm®bCMuK~aeFI√esckI†scça®bNiFan faeKnwgeKarBc∫ab'TSgenHBMu[ma
nexçaH ehIynigj¨Sg[G~kd´TeKarBtam . BYkG~kTTYlbnʨkEfrkßac∫ab'
enH k*VneFI√kars∫fEs∫rCaåLarwkfa ebIbuKlNam~ak'mankarx√Hxatmin
eKarBc∫ab'TSgenHCaFrman˘˘˘ buKlenaHnwg®tUvmankatB√kicçf√ayCadg√ay
dl'®BHviharGab"uL¨g nUvrUbcm¬ak'mYyeFI√BImassuTÏEdlmanTm©n'esIµK~anwg
rUb®BH .
eKVnEtgtSg®kumecA®kmrYcCae®sc edIm∫IeFI√karbk®sayc∫ab', enAk~¨g
lk≈N:NaEdlmanTMnas'epßg@ekIteLIg k~¨gcMeNam®bCaBlrdΩTak'
Tgnwgc∫ab'enH .
´f©mYyenAeBlEdlsUL¨gtak'EtgniBnÏc∫ab'˘˘˘ k*®sab'EtGaNarka-
sflÈ (G~k®VC∆®kikm~ak'eTot) VnesIccMGkLkLWycMeJHKat'dUec~Hfa –
- eyI! GaNakasflÈeJl, elakhflanGHGagfa ®Kan'EtelakVnerobcM
Jk¥BIbIm"at'enH elaknwksµanEtVnbÂg˚abGyuti†Fm· nigtN˙arbs'mnu-
sßelak… (!?) ®kit¥®kmx¬Hvamanlk≈N:dUcEtsMbukBIgJgGIcwg‰g KW
cab'VnEtst√liÌt@b"ueNˆaH .
- mnusßeyIgEtgEtrkßarbs'GI√@ EdleKVnGnum&trYmK~a, sUL¨geqI¬
ytb . xM∆¨nwgeFI√c∫ab'rbs'xM∆¨[vaeTAtamlMnSmYy EdleFI√[®bCaBlrdΩeK
Gacyl'faBYkeKnwgTaj®beyaCn_ k~¨gkareKarBVne®cInCagk~¨gkarbM-
Jn .
FÉNELON 198

G~kx¬HVnsYrKat'fa ehtuGI√VnCaKat'minVntubEtgc∫ab' sMrab'p†nÊa

BYkbituXat (CnEdlsm¬ab'“Bukx¬Án‰g) . Kat'VneqI¬yfa˘˘˘« KWBIe®JHxM∆¨
minEdleCOfa enAk~¨gelakenHmanCnGP&B√rhUteTAdl'sm¬ab'“Bukm†ay
rbs'x¬Án‰genaHeLIy » .
Kat'EtgEtniyayeTAkan'mit†Pki†rbs'Kat'fa – mnusßEdlmanGayu
70q~SeTAehIy min®tUvx¬acs¬ab'eToteT ehIyk*min®tUvf©ËrtÌËjEtÌGMBIerOgCIvi
teTotEdr .
‹ Kat'VneJlfa BYkG~kbMerIvSg mane®bobhak'dUcCaluyesnEdl
eKe®bITuksMrab'rab' . CnTSgenHCatMNagtickI†e®cInkI† nUvqnÊ:ePI¬tePI¬nrbs'
es†c˘˘˘
‹ nrNaehIyEdlVncUleTACites†c minEmn®tUvb†l'eyabl'Edl
eFI√[es†csb∫aycit†enaHeT˘˘˘ b"uEn†KYrf√aydMbUnµanNaEdlb†l'karcMeN-
jdl'®Tg'˘˘˘
‹ eyIgBMumanG~kdwknaM‰NaEdllÌ®besIrCagbJÔajaNrbs'eyI
geT˘˘˘ ehIymunnwg®b®Bwt†kareyIgKYrEtsYrvicarNjaNrbs'eyIgCamun
sin .
‹ eKKYrEtp†l't´m¬eTAelIesckI†sucrit nigkMritsIlFm·xıg'xıs'rbs'
buKlNam~ak'˘˘˘ CaCagmanesckI†Tukcit†eTAelIesckI†scça®bNiFanrbs'
mnusßm~ak'enH .
‹ eKminKYrbegI˚tcMNgmit†PaB edayrak'kMEPlenaHeT˘˘˘ k*b"uEn†ebIkar
cgmit†enHVn®b®Bit†eLIgrYceTAehIy KWCakarmYy®bkbedaye®KaHf~ak'Ca
TIbMput ebIkalNaeK®tUvp†ac'cMNgenaHeTAvij .
‹ meF¥aVymYyd*s*ki†siTiÏnigd*rh&sbMputEdlGnuJÔat[eKmanlTÏ
PaBTb'Tl'nwgkar®bmaf˘˘˘ KWkarbMeP¬cecal .
‹ eKmin®tUvvayÚkeFI√CaG~k®tYt®tabgab'bJÇaenaHeT˘˘˘ ebIx¬Án‰gehI-
yminEdlVnerons†ab'bgab'bJÇanrNaTSgGs'enaH˘˘˘.
‹ G~kpgTSgBYg®tUvEtsÌb'exIımkarPrPUt .
‹ enATIbJçb'eK®tUvEtelIktemI˚g®BH, ®tUveKarB“Bukm†ayrbs'x¬Án‰g
ehIyKµan®tUvmankarTak'TgrksIuCamYy nigmnusßGa®kk'Tal'EtesaH .

FÉNELON 199

sUL¨gVnseg˚teXIjfa BIsIsß®tatVnbegI˚t®kumbkßmYyd*FMsM-
ebImenATI®kugGaEtn, ehIyCnenHk*Vncat'viFankarNc
_ SVc'®Kb'Ebby"ag
edIm∫IEtgtSgx¬Án‰gCaes†c . em"¬aHehIysUL¨gk*Vn®bwgE®bgeBjs
mtƒPaB edIm∫I®bqSgTb'Tl'nigeKal®Vf~arbs'CnenH . Kat'VnekaHehA
[mankarrYm®bCMumnusßCae®cInenAkN†alTIsaFarN: . enaeBlenaH sU
L¨gmanJk'e®KOgGavuFeBjTSgx¬Ánpg ehIyKat'k*VnE®sk®bkasEvk
muxBIkicçkarsm©at'rbs'BIsIsß®tat –
- { ! ®bCaCnenATI®kugGaEt˙nTSgLay, Kat'E®skeJlx¬Sg@, xM∆¨Ca
buKlm~ak'EdlmanbJÔajaNe®CA®CHCagG~kTSgLay EdlminVndwgBI
eKalKMnitGa®kk'rbs'BIsIsß®tat, ehIyk*manesckI†k¬ahanCagG~kTSg
Gs'EdlVndwgerOgenHehIyEteFI√GI√BMuekIt e®JHEtmankarx¬acrGarehIy
x√HTwkcit†k~¨gkar®bqSgnigeKalbMNgenH . xM∆¨Vn®buge®bobx¬ÁnCae®sc
edIm∫IdwknSG~kTSgGs'K~aeFI√kar®bqSgtsflUy"agGg'Gac edIm∫IkarJresrIPa
Brbs'BYkeyIg .
kalenaHBYk®bCaBlrdΩ EdlKS®TBIsIusß®tatk*Vnyl'fa sUL¨g
CamnusßqÁt . bIbYn´f©bnÊab'mk, BIsIsß®tatk*VnbN†aleFI√[mankar
rbYselIx¬Án‰g ehIyk*VnbJÇa[eKelIkx¬ÁnKat' Edl®bLak'eJreBj
edayQamdak'pʨkelIreTHmYybreTAkN†alTIsaFarN: . BIsIsß®tatk*
VnpßB√pßaydMNwgfa BYks®tUvrbs'x¬ÁnKat'VnlYcvayqµk'x¬ÁnKat'BIe®ka
yx~g CaehtubN†aleFI√[x¬ÁnKat'F¬ak'eTAk~¨gsPaBkarNG
_ aeNacGFm
EbbenH . BYkh√Ëg®bCaBlkrTSgb"unµank*mankarrMePIbjab'j&ry"agx¬Sg BY
keKk*®buge®boberobcMx¬ÁnCae®sc edIm∫IegIbeLIgkan'GavuFkarJrBIsIsß-
®tat˘˘˘
- {! kUn®busrbs'GIub"U®kasweGIy! sUL¨gVneJleLIg, ‰gedIrtYrCa
GfluysIs ( Ulysse,, vir:burs®kik)EbbenH vaminTMngesaH˘˘˘. GfluylIsVn
eFI√[rlat'Es∫kx¬Án‰gedIm∫IbeJœatxµSg, cMENkx¬Án‰gvij VneFI√[rbYs
x¬Án‰g edIm∫IbeJœat®bCaBlrdΩx¬Án‰g .
eBlenaHh√Ëg®bCaBlkrk*VneFI√kar®bCMuK~aGflUrGreLIg . BIsIsß®tat
k*VnsMu[manGgrkßkarJrx¬ÁnKat'cMnYn50nak' . sUL¨gk*VneFI√kar®Bma
ny"agx¬SgEvkEjkenAcMeJHmuxG~kTSgGs'K~a GMBIe®KaHf~ak'EdlVnekIt
eLIgGMBIviFankarNE_ bbenH . k*b"uEn†Kat'minGacniyayGI√VnesaHeTAelI
FÉNELON 200

®bCaBlkr EdlkMBugEtrMeCIbrMCYljab'j&rnigeXareXA˘˘˘ ehIyEdlGnu

JÔat[BIsIsß®tat®bmUlGgrkßVnrhUt400nak' ®BmTSg[®bmUlkg
T&BVnCae®cIn rhUtdl'x¬ÁnKat'Vnk¬ayeTACaecAh√aymças'´nbnÊayenATI
®kugGaEt˙n . G~kmuxG~kkarenAk~¨gTI®kugmankarP∆ak'epIÌly"agx¬Sg m~ak'@bM
rugfyecjBItYnaTInigesckI†TTYlxus®tUveTArkesckI†suxerog@x¬Án .
sUL¨gminGs'sgÙwmeLIy . Kat'k*VnsI†benÊasdl'BYk®bCaBlrdΩ
gMbIesckI†l©g'ex¬AnigPaBkMsakrbs'BYkeK˘˘˘. Kat'VnniyayeTAkan'G~k
TSgGs'K~adUec~Hfa –
- kalBImun, sUL¨geJl, vaCakar®sYlBn'eBkNas'cMeJHG~kTSg
Gs'K~a edIm∫IhamXat'kMu[GMNacp†ac'karenHmankMeNIteLIgVn . k*b"uEn†
≤LËvEdlvaecjrUbrageTAehIy˘˘˘ enaHk*vaCakiti†yskan'Etxıg'xıs'EfmeTo
tcMeJHGs'elakG~kedIm∫IkMcat'gMeBICiHCan'mnusßEbbenH [vadac'ÚsKl'
Etm†g ! .
k*b"uEn†eday®bCaBlrdΩTSgLaykMBugEtsiƒtenAk~¨gsPaBP¬wkP¬Sg
y"agx¬Sg˘˘˘ sMdIsMedAGI√@TSgb"unµanrbs'sUL¨g hak'dUcCaKµan≤TiÏBlGI√Ta
l'EtesaHeTAelIBYkeK . eXIjdUec~H, Kat'k*edIr®tLb'mkpÊHrbs'Kat'vij
ehIyVn®bmUlyke®KOgGavuFrbs'Kat' ykeTAdak'tSgenABImux®BiTÏsPa
rYcKat'k*cab'epI†mE®skdeg˙ayeLIgy"agx¬Sg@dUec~Hfa –
- {! ®beTsCatimatuPUmirbs'xM∆¨˘˘˘ xM∆¨VnCYyseÂgaHG~k EttamJk¥sM
dInig…TiÏBl´nsMnYrevaharrbs'xM∆¨Etb"ueNˆaH . xM∆¨sUmyk®BHeFI√Ca®bFan
sakßIfa xM∆¨minEdleP¬cGMBIkarerobcMkarJrk∫Ánc∫ab'Tm¬ab' ehIynigesrIPa
Brbs'®beTsCatixM∆¨enaHeLIy . {! matuPUmirbs'xM∆¨ ! xM∆¨cakecjeTAeBl
enHehIy˘˘˘ xM∆¨X¬atecjBIrUbG~kedayKµanvil®tLb', BIe®JHxM∆¨CabuKlEtm~a
k'Kt' EdlVntSgx¬ÁnCas®tUvnwgCnEdlkan'GMNacp†ac'kar k~¨geBlEd
lBYkG~k‰eTot@TSgGs'K~a kMBugEterobcMTTYlykCnenHeFI√CaecAh√ay
mças' .
sUL¨gminEdlVnsMerccit†fa nwgGaceKarBekatx¬acBIsIsß®tatenaH
eLIy . edayKat'mankarP&yx¬acVrm∏fa BYkCnEdlrs'enATI®kugGaEt˙n
nigGacbg≈itbg≈MrUbKat'[EkE®bc∫ab' EdlKat'Vnscça®bNiFanfanwgeKar
BtamedayKµancen¬aHrYceTAehIyenaH˘˘˘ Kat'k*Vne®CIserIsykkarnireT-
sedayectna ®BmTSgVnsMercEs√grkkare®tksb∫ayk~¨gkareFI√dMeNIr
FÉNELON 201

edIm∫Isal'BiPBelak CaCagrs'enAedayevTnak~¨gGarmµNe_ nA®kugGaEt˙n .

Kat'k*Vnq¬gcUleTAk~¨g®beTseGyIBÊ EdlKat'VnsMNak'enAmYyry :
eBlk~¨gvSgrbs'Gam"asIus ( Amasis ) . BIsßIs®tatEdlmankareKarB
nig®sLaj'sUL¨gy"agx¬Sg k*mankarrMeCIbrMCYlk~¨gmenaseJçtna cMeJH
karfyx¬ÁneTAcUlnivt†nr_ bs'sUL¨g . CnG~kkan'GMNacp†ac'karm~ak'enHk*
Vnsakl∫gepI∆lixitmYyeTAlYgelamcit†Kat'[vil®tLb'mkvij eday
manesckI†dUcteTAenH –
« x¬ÁnxM∆¨minEmnCaCnCati®kikEtmYynak' EdlVnteNI†mykGFib
ety¥PaB ( tYnaTICaraCa ) ´n®beTsCatirbs'xM∆¨enaHeT . xM∆¨BMuVn®b®Bwt†GI√
qSqgpʨynwgc∫ab' …Edl®bqSgnwg®BHenaHk*eTEdr, BIe®JHxM∆¨CakUnecAtM-
NBUCBgßBIes†ckU®DUs˘˘˘ cMENkBYkG~k®sukenAGaEt˙nk*Vns∫fEs∫rfa
nwgrkßaTukraCGMNacrbs'®Tg'eTA[kUnecArbs'pg®Tg' . xM∆¨mankar®bug®b
y&t~CaGtibrima k~¨gkareKarBc∫ab'®kit¥®kmEdlelakVnsresrenaH[V
n®twm®tUvCaTIbMput˘˘˘ elIsBIeBlEdlrdΩVn®tUv®Kb'®KgedayBYk®bCa-
BlkreTAeTot . ehIye®kABIkiti†ysx¬H@Edl®tUvVnmksms&ki†nwgtYna
TIrbs'xM∆¨, xM∆¨KµanVnTTYlbuB√siTiÏGI√eTotEdlmankarxusEb¬kBI®bCaBlrdΩ
samJÔFmµtaenaHEdr . xM∆¨KµanKMnMuKMuKYnGI√cMeJHrUbelakEdlVnebIkkkay
nUvKMeragkarNr_ bs'xM∆¨enaHeT . xM∆¨eCOCak'c∫as'Nas'fa buB√ehtuEdlVn
CMruj[elakeFI√dUec~H KWbN†almkBImenaseJçtna®sLaj'®beTsCati,
minEmnmkBIkarsÌb'rUbxM∆¨enaHeT˘˘˘ BIe®JHelakBMuVndwgCamuneTfa xM∆¨nwgma
nGakb∫kiriyaEbbNaeTA´f©mux, BMuenaHesateT ®bsinebIelakVndwgCa
mun enaH®bEhlCaelakBMuVndak'eTaskMhusmkelIviFankarrbs'xM∆¨enaH
eLIy . sUmelakvil®tLb'mkvijedayKµankar®BYyVrm∏, ehIysUmeCO
Cak'elIsMdIrbs'xM∆¨cuHfa sUL¨gKµan®tUvkarGI√x¬acnwgBIsIßs®tatenaHTal'
EtesaH˘˘˘ BIe®JHfaxM∆¨minTSgEdlcg'eFI√VbcMeJHCnNa EdlF¬ab'Cas-
®tUvrbs'xM∆¨®Kb'eBlevlaenaHpg . xM∆¨sUmcat'TukrUbelakfa Camit†Pki†d*lÌ
bMputrbs'rUbxM∆¨ ehIyelakc∫as'CanwgVnTTYlpl®beyaCnd
_ *l̮besIr
®Kb'y"agBIrUbxM∆¨˘˘˘ KWedayehtufa ebItamxM∆¨sal'rUbelak xM∆¨emIlmineXIj fa
elakGacmanmenaseJçtnak∫t'CamYyCnNam~ak'enaHCadac'xat . ®b
sinebIelakmanmUlehtuGI√ EdlrSgradMeNIrrbs'elakmin[vil®tLb'
mk®kugGaEt˙nvijenaH˘˘˘ elakGacsMNak'®Kb'TIkEn¬gNa‰eTotVn k*
FÉNELON 202

e®scEtrUbelakcuH – xM∆¨nwgmanesckI†sb∫ayrIkrayCanicç eFI√y"agNakMu

[EtbuB√ehtu´nkarnireTsx¬Ánrbs'elak KWCarUbxM∆¨ ! » .
sUL¨gk*VnsresrlixittbeTABIsßIs®tatvijedayesckI†dUec~Hfa «
xM∆¨eCOc∫as'Nas'fa elaknwgmineFI√GI√Ga®kk'mkelIxM∆¨eT, edayehtufaka
lbIedImeyIgCamit†Pki†nwgK~a munnwgelakk¬ayeTACaCnkan'GMNacp†ac'kar
ehIyx¬ÁnxM∆¨k*®bEhlCaminbN†alj¨Sg[rUbelaksÌb'exIım elIsBIBYkG~k
‰eTot EdlsÌb'exIımGMeBICiHCan'mnusßenaHEdr . xM∆¨TukesrIPaB[buKlm~a
k'@manlTÏPaBvinicœ&yeTAtamKMnitrbs'eKeTAcuH˘˘˘ faetIvamanpl®beya-
CnB
_ itEmn…eT cMeJH®bCaCnenAGaEt˙n Edl®tUv®Kb'®KgedayCnkan'GM-
Nacp†ac'karEtm~ak' CaCag®tUvTTYlGPiVledayBYk®kumecA®kmCae®cIn
nak' . xM∆¨®tUvTTYlsal'fa elakCaCnkan'GMNacp†ac'karm~ak'd*®besIrCag
eKbMput k*b"uEn†xM∆¨BMumanCMenOfa xM∆¨mankatB√kicç®tUvvil®tLb'mkrs'enATI®kug
GaEt˙nenHvijeT – KWfa bnÊab'BIVnbegI˚trdΩaPiVlesrImYyrYcehIy @bnÊa
b'BIVnbdiesFtYnaTICaemdwknS EdlBYkeKVn®bKl'mk[rUbxM∆¨ eKGacma
nlTÏPaBnwgsI†benÊas[rUbxM∆¨minxan ehIyBYkeKc∫as'CaeCOfa xM∆¨KS®Ts-
kmµPaBrbs'elak ®bsinebIeKeXIjxM∆¨®tLb'vilvij » .
sUL¨gk*VnsresrsMbu®tmYyc∫ab'eToteTAeGBIem"nID ( Epiménides))
EdlmanesckI†dUec~Hfa –
« edayc∫ab'rbs'xM∆¨BMuVnhucpl®beyaCnG
_ I√b"unµan dUec~HkarvaybMVk'
c∫ab'TSgenHecaleTAk*BMuVnCabN†al[xUcxat®beyaCnG
_ I√b"unµanEdrcM-
eJHTI®kug . eTaHCa®BHkI†, eTaHCaG~ksresrc∫ab'kI† BMuVnp†l'pl®beyaC
nG
_ I√dl'TI®kugeLIy, b"uEn†VnhucplEp¬p˚adl'BYk®kumG~kdwknS®bCaBlrdΩ
[sm®sbnwgeKalbMNgrbs'eK, k~¨glk≈N:N
NaEdlBYkeKmanqnÊ:lÌ
– c∫ab'rbs'xM∆¨BMuman®beyaCnG
_ I√eT˘˘˘ k*b"uEn†BBYkG~kEdlVnbMJnc∫ab'TSg
enH VneFI√[bH®kLab'sƒab&n´nsaFarNrdΩGs'rlIgEtm†g˘˘˘ edayBMuVn
xaxSgrSgraBIsIßs®tat kMu[deNI†mykGFibety¥PaB . xM∆¨VnTayTukCa
munrYcehIy faGI√@Edl®tUvmkdl' c∫as'Canwgmkdl' – k*b"uEn†KµannrNa
m~ak'eCOxM∆¨eLIy . BIsIßs®tatEdlxMykcit†ykefI¬m nigxM®bwgbeJÇarBYk
®bCaraÂs†enAk~¨gTI®kug k*VnelceLIgCamnusßmanPkI†PaBesµaH®tg'Cag
rUbxM∆¨ EdlVnxM®bwgniyaykarBiteTArkBYkeK . xM∆¨VnesI~rsMudwknS®bCa-
BlrdΩeFI√kar®byuTÏtsflU edIm∫IrSgrasPaBGeNacGF·menH kMu[ekItmaneL
FÉNELON 203

IgVn˘˘˘ k*®sab'EtBYkeKVnTukrUbxM∆¨CamnusßqÁteTAvij . eKVnGnuJÔat[

BIsIßs®tatmanGgrkßd*e®cInelIslb'˘˘˘ ehIybuKlenHk*VnykGg-
rkßeTAe®bI®Vs'edIm∫Ib®g˚abTI®kugTSgmUl [F¬ak'cUlk~¨gTasPaB, cMENk
x¬ÁnxM∆¨vijk*VnsMerccit†dkfyx¬ÁnecjBITIenaHEtm†geTA » .

e®ksflus, es†c´nCnCatilIDI mannaTICaG~kTTYlsYysarGakrBIBYk

CnCati®kikTSgLayEdlrs'enAxagEb"kGasIu . enAk~¨gstvtßenaH BBYk
CnCati®kikCae®cInd*maneTBekasl¥ VnlHbg'®beTsrbs'x¬Án edIm∫I
eTAtSglMenAenAsardw EdlCaraCFanIrbs'®BHecAGFiraCe®ksflus . TI®kug
enaH CaTI®kuglUtlas'sem∫Im sMbUrsb∫ayrugerOg eJreBjedaymnu-
sßmankiti†ysnigCnman®TB¥sm∫ti† . enATIenaH, G~kpgniyaylÌEtBI
sUL¨g CaehtubN†al[es†ce®ksflusmancMNg'cg'CYbKat'Cax¬Sg .
®BHecAk*bJÇËnmnusß[eTAGeJIÇjsUL¨g[mksMNak'enAk~¨graCvSgrbs'
®Tg' . sUL¨gk*VnsresrlixiteqI¬ytbeTA®Tg'vijdUec~Hfa –
« xM∆¨sUmEf¬gGMNrKuNCaGtibrima cMeJHmit†PaBEdl®Tg'VnsMEdg
bg˙ajmkelIrUbxM∆¨ ehIyxM∆¨sUmyk®BHeFI√Ca®bFansakßIGMBITwkcit†rbs'xM∆¨ –
®bsinebIxM∆¨VnsMerccit†tSgBIyUryarNas'mkehIyfa rs'enAk~¨glk≈-
N:C
CamnusßmanesrIenaHeT, enaHxM∆¨c∫as'Casuxcit†rs'enAk~¨graCFanIrbs'
®Tg'˘˘˘ CaCagrs'enAk~¨gTI®kugGaEt˙n enAcMeBlEdlBIsIßs®tat kMBugEt
e®bIGMNac'CiHCan'sg˚t'sg˚in . k*b"uEn†eBlenHxM∆¨kMBugEtrs'enAedayEsn
sb∫ay eyageTAtamlk≈N:C
CIvitmYyEdlxM∆¨Vne®CIserIs enAk~¨gtMbn'
mYyEdlGI√@manPaBesIµK~aTSgGs' . eTaHCay"agNakI† xM∆¨nwgeFI√dMeNIreTA
elg®Tg' edIm∫I®sg'ykkare®tksb∫ay edayVnrs'enAEk∫r®Tg'mYy
ry:eeBl » .
sUL¨gk*VneFI√dMeNIreTATI®kugsardw tamsMeNIrrbs'e®ksflusEdl
manesckI†rMePIbjab'j&rCax¬Sgcg'CYbKat' . enAeBlEdlKat'Vnq¬gkat'
®beTslIDI sUL¨gVnseg˚teXIjfa manvrCnFM@d*e®cInsnÏwksnÏab' Ed
leTANamkNamank∫ÁndMeNIrEhrhmd*GFwkGF·m nigeJreBjeday
FÉNELON 204

e®KOgGlg˚ar . ral'Etdg˘˘˘ Kat'EtgnwksµanfaCa®BHraCaEdlkMBugeFI√dM-

eNIrya®ta . enATIbMput sUL¨gk*Vn®tUveKnSeTAbg˙ajx¬ÁncMeJHmuxe®k-
sflusEdlkMBugGg¨yrg'cSKat'enAelIbl¬g˚rbs'®Tg' . enAeBlenaH es†c
VntubEtgx¬ÁnedaysMelokbMJk'd*eqItqaybMput b"uEn†sUL¨gKat'hak'dUc
CaBMuVncab'GarmµNe_ TAelIrbs'´f¬f~ËrTSgGs'enHeT . e®ksflusk*Vnniya
yeTAkan'Kat'fa –
- EneP∆øvrbs'eyIg˘˘˘ eyIgVnTTYldwgæBIbJÔanigekr†ei_ QµaHrbs'‰g
tamsMdIrbs'G~kpg . eyIgVndMNwgfa ‰gVneFI√dMeNIreTAkan'®beTs
Cae®cInNas'˘˘˘ b"uEn†etI‰gmanEdleXIjnrNam~ak'Edles¬økJk'd*s-
em∫ImGsçar¥CagrUbeyIgenHeT ? .
- xM∆¨EdlVneXIj, sUL¨geqI¬ytb, KWst√man'´®B, man'Kknigst√ek©a
k˘˘˘ BYkst√TSgenHmansMelokbMJk'd*sem∫ImGsçar¥Cag®Tg'˘˘˘ ehIyGI√@
Edlvaman KWVnmkBIFmµCatisuTÏsaF KWBYkvaminEdlcSVc'xM®bwgEtgx¬Án
enaHpgeT˘˘˘
cemI¬yedayminVne®BogTukenH VneFI√[e®ksflusmanesckI†egOgq©-
l'Cax¬Sg . es†ck*VnbJÇa[BYkmnusßrbs'®Tg'ebIkhibmas®Vk'nig
e®KOgGlg˚arbs'®Tg' ( es†ce®ksflusCaes†cmhasm∫ti†k~¨gburaNkal
rbs'®kik )˘˘˘ TSgb"unµanedIm∫Ibg˙ajdl'sUL¨g . rYc®Tg'k*ekaHehAKat'Ca
elIkTI2edIm∫IsYrfa –
- etIelakmanEdleXIjmnusßNam~ak'Edlsb∫ayCagrUbxM∆¨enHeT?
- ®VkdCaman, sUL¨geqI¬ytb, KWEtlusß ( Tellus ), BlrdΩm~ak'enATI
®kugGaEt˙n . KWCabursm~ak'EdlVnrs'enAk~¨gPaBsucrit enAk~¨gsaFarN
rdΩmYyEdlmansN†ab'F~ab'lÌ – Kat'Vnbnßl'kUnBIrnak' EdlmaneK®s
Laj'rab'Gane®cInK~a ®BmTSgVnTuksm∫ti†®TB¥lµmsmKYr edIm∫I[BYkeK
rs'enAVn˘˘˘ min®twmEtb"ueNˆaH Kat'VnTTYlsuPmglFMeFg edayVn
eTAs¬ab'edaymanGavuFenAk~¨g´d, edayVndeNI†mykC&yCMnHsMrab'®b-
CaCatix¬Án‰g . BYkG~k®sukenATI®kugGaEt˙n Vnsg'p~ËrmYyy"aglÌenA®tg'
TIkEn¬gEdlKat'VnVt'bg'CIvit ®BmTSgVnp†l'kiti†ysd*FMdMusem∫ImsM-
rab'rUbKat'EfmeTot .
e®ksflusrwtEtmankarP∆ak'epIÌl elIsBIkalelIkTImYyeTAeTot . es†
cVnyl'fa sUL¨gCamnusßLb'sµartI˘˘˘
FÉNELON 205

- ebIGIcwg, e®ksflusåTaneLIg, etICnNaeTACamnusßsb∫ayCageK

bnÊab'BIEtlus ? .
- kalBIedImmanbursBIrnak'bgbÌËnnigK~a, sUL¨geqI¬ytb, m~ak'eQµaH
ek¬GUbflÈs m~ak'eToteQµaHbt
fl^ ug . G~kTSgBIrmankm¬Sgrwgbwug˘˘˘ eTATIkEn¬g
NaEtgEtc∫SgQ~HeKenaTIkEn¬genaH . G~kTSgBIr®sLaj'K~aNas'min
Edlrs'enAEbkBIK~aeT . ´f©mYyCa´f©buN¥, dUnCI´n®BHviharhflߨNug ( Ju
non : ®BH®sImYyGg´nCnCati®kik ®bEhlK~anwg®VsaTnagexµA ) Edl
®tUvCamata´nG~kTSgBIr ®tUvkareFI√BlikmµbUCayJÔenA®BHvihar .
edayeK®kykeKamkTwmreTH˘˘˘ ek¬GUbflÈsehIynigbt
fl^ ugk*suxcit†eTATwmenA
reTHrbs'm†ayx¬ÁnTSgBIrnak'˘˘˘ ehIyBYkeKGUsKat'rhUtdl'TIkEn¬gEdl
Kat'cg'eTA . ®bCaBlrdΩTSgLayk*VnCUnBrdl'BYkeK®Kb'@K~a . dUnCICa
matamanesckI†sb∫ayrIkrayBn'®bmaN k*VneFI√karbYgsYgdl'®BHhflߨ
Nug sUm[®Tg'®bTanGI√@d*lÌCageKbMputdl'BYkeK . enAeBlEdlBiFI
bUCayJÔVn®b®Bwt†rYcehIy, ehIyenAeBlEdlbgbÌËnTSgBIrVn®ss'
®sUbGaharEqÌtqÌn'y"agq©aj'Bisar˘˘˘ BYkeKk*nSK~aeTAniÂnÊalk's˚b's˚l'
ehIyk*TTYlmrNPaBTSgBIrnak'k~¨gra®tIenaHeTA˘˘˘
ædUec~H es†ce®ksflusmanesckI†e®kve®kaFy"agx¬Sg –
- em"cGIecH˘˘˘ es†ceJl, ‰gmin®Bmcat'TukrUbGjk~¨gcMeNammnusß
d*sb∫ayCageKeT… ?
- {! ®BHecA´n®suklIDI, sUL¨geJltb, ®Tg'mansMbuksm∫ti†d*mhi
ma, ®Tg'CaecAh√aymças'´n®bCaBlrdΩd*e®cInrab'minGs'˘˘˘. b"uEn†enAk~¨gCI-
vitEtgEtmankarE®b®bYlsMxan'@ EdleFI√[eKminhflansni~dΩanCamunVn
GMBIsuPmglrbs'mnusߢ˘˘ drabNaebICnenaHminTan'VneTAdl'TIcb'´n
muxrbrrbs'x¬ÁnenaHeT . eBlevlaEtgEtbegI˚tnUvåb∫ti†ehtufIµ@Efmmk
eTot EdlKµannrNaGacsµanTukCamun – em"¬aHehIyeKminGacGYtGagBI
eCaKC&yVneT drabNaebIsÂgamminTan'cb' .
es†ce®ksflusmanesckI†eTamnsßy"agx¬Sg ehIyk*bJÇËnsUL¨g[®t
Lb'eTAvij . tSgBIeBlenaHmk es†ck*ElgekaHehAKat'[mkCYbsarCa fIµ
.
Cnm~ak'eQµaHeGsubEdlVneFI√dMeNIrk~¨geBlenaHEdr mkBITI®kug
sardw k~¨gtYnaTICaG~kCYykMsan†GarmµNd
_ l'es†ce®ksflus˘˘˘ mankarGak'
FÉNELON 206

Gn'cit†y"agx¬SgcMeJHes†cEdlVn®b®Bwt†GMeBIminKb∫IcMeJHCnm~ak' Edl
mankiti†naml∫Il∫ajdUcsUL¨g .
- {sUL¨g, eGsubVneJleTAKat', eKmin®tUvcUleTACitBYkes†cenaH
eT ebIBMuenaHesat eK®tUvEtniyayBIkicçkarGI√@ EdlbN†al[®Tg'sB√®BH
hÚT&y˘˘˘
- pʨyeTAvij, sUL¨geJltb, eKmin®tUvcUleTACites†cenaHeT˘˘˘b"uEn†
ebIeK®CulcUleTACitehIy˘˘˘ eK®tUvEtniyayGI√@EdlCakarBit .
es†csflÈrusVncab'Gasçarß, CItaxagm†ayrbs'x¬Án‰geTAeFI√CaeQI¬gs
Âgam min®twmEtb"ueNˆaHVndkhUtmuxtMENgnigrdΩCae®cInEdlGasçarßCa
G~kkan'kab' . luHVnTTYldMNwgenH, es†ce®ksflusk*mankMhwge®kve®kaF
y"agx¬Sg – ®Tg'®bkan'ykbkßxagGasçarß ehIyk*VneFI√swksÂgameTA
elIBYkEBrß ( GflÈur"g'sB√´f© ) . edayes†cenHmansMbuksm∫ti†d*mhaGsçar¥
min®twmEtb"ueNˆaHCaemT&B´n®bCaCatimYy Edll∫IfaCaBUCG~kcMVMgx¬Sg
k¬aCageKenAelIEpndIeTAeTot˘˘˘ ®Tg'k*Vnnwkfa KµanGI√Edl®Tg'eFI√minVn
enaHeT . CakarGP&B√es†cenHk*Vn®tUvTTYlbraC&yeTAvij˘˘˘, ®Tg'k*Vnf-
yx¬ÁnmkBYnsm©MenATI®kugsardw . b"uEn†minyUrb"unµan ®Tg'k*Vn®tUvBYkxµSg
tammkeLamB&TÏ ehIycab'ykeTAeFI√CaeQI¬y bnÊab'BImankar®byuTÏtsflU
K~acMnYn14´f© . eKcab'GUsyk®Tg'eTAbg˙ajx¬ÁnenABImuxes†csflÈrus Edl
VnbJÇa[eKdak'®cvak'®Tg' . eKnS®Tg'ykeTAcgenAelIKMnrGusmYyy"a
gxı s' enAkN† alcM eNamekµ g@´nCnCati lI DI 14nak' ˘˘˘ edI m∫I du tCacM NI
GKIenAcMeJHmuxes†csflÈrusnigmhaCnCatiEBrß . enAeBlEdleKykePI¬g
mkdut, e®ksflusEdlVnF¬ak'eTAk~¨gsPaBd*EsnGaeNacGFmeTAehIy
k*VnnwkeXIjeTAdl'Jk¥sMdIe®bon®bedArbs'sUL¨g . es†cCab'eTas
k*E®skf©Ërfa – « {! sUL¨g! sUL¨g! sUL¨g! » . Gakar:ebIkmat'm˙b@Ebb
enH k*VneFI√[sflÈrusmanesckI†egOgq©l'y"agx¬Sg˘˘˘ ®Tg'k*Vncat'mnusß
[eTAsaksYrfa etICaeQµaH®BHNamYyEdlCnenHE®skdeg˙ayehAenA
eBlEdlx¬ÁnmanTuk≈ . e®ksflusBMuVneqI¬ytbmYym"at' . b"uEn†enAeBlEd
leKbg≈M[niyay Kat'k*Vnsuxcit†eqI¬y edayEf¬gvacaeJreBjedayTuk≈
esak˘˘˘
- {! xM∆¨eTIbVnbeJçjeQµaHmnusßm~ak' EdlBYkes†cTSgLayKYrEt
nSK~aykmkrs'enAEk∫rx¬Án˘˘˘ ehIyEdl®tUveKcat'Tukfa sMdIrbs'Kat'man
FÉNELON 207

t´m¬´f¬f~ËrCagsm∫ti†maseB®CEkvkgEdles†cmaneTAeTot . eKk*bg≈M[
e®ksflusniyayVne®cInCagenH˘˘˘
- KWCaG~k®VC∆m~ak'enA®beTs®kik, CnenHeJlbn†, EdlxM∆¨VnekaH
ehA[mkEk∫rrUbxM∆¨edIm∫Ij¨Sg[eKekats∆b'Es∆gGMBIesckI†rugerOgrbs'xM∆¨ .
b"uEn†Kat'enHVnniyaymkkan'xM∆¨Ebb®BegIy, hak'dUcCacg'bg˙aj[xM∆¨eXI
jfa erOgTSgGs'enH®Kan'EtCaGMnYtb"ueNˆaH˘˘˘ facS[CIvitrbs'xM∆¨cb'sin,
ehIyfaeKmin®tUv[t´m¬hYsehtueTAelIsuPmglmYy EdlCaedImkMeNI
t´nesckI†Tuk≈evTna nigerOgGP&B√rab'minGs'enaHeT . enAeBlenH eTIbVn
xM∆¨TTYlsal'nUvlk≈N:B
Bit´nesckI†erobrab'rbs'Kat'TSgb"unµan EdlKat'
VnTUnµanxM∆¨˘˘˘
enAeBlEdle®ksfluskMBugEtniyay, P~k'ePI¬gk*eqHeLIgBIxage®kam
cMENkGN†atePI¬gk*kan'EtliTÏnigxiteLIgeTAxagelICalMdab' . sflÈrus
manesckI†rMePIbjab'j&ry"agx¬SgcMeJHJk¥sMdIrbs'e®ksflus . sPaBhi
nehacGaeNacGFmrbs'es†cm~ak' EdlF¬ab'EtmanÚTiÏGMNac eFI√[buKl
m~ak'enHmankarP∆ak'rÆkBIrUbx¬Án‰g . sflÈrusk*nwkfb'Vrm∏fa esckI†GP&B√Eb
benH k*GacF¬ak'mkelIrUbx¬Án‰gEdreTAGnaKt . ®Tg'k*VnbJÇa[eKBn¬t'
ePI¬gmYyrMeBC˘˘˘ ®BmTSg[yk®cvak'ecjBIx¬Áne®ksflus . es†cVnp†l'ki-
ti†ysCae®cIneTA[G~keTasrbs'®Tg' min®twmEtb"ueNˆaH ®Tg'ykCnenH
mke®bI®Vs'CaTI®bwkßapÊal'enAk~¨gKNrdΩmÂnI†rbs'®Tg' edIm∫IBiPakßaBIerOg
sMxan'@k~¨gnKr .

sUL¨gbnÊab'BIX¬atcakBIe®ksfluseTA, k*Vnfyx¬ÁneTAenAsIulIsIu Ed
lenATIenaH Kat'VnbegI˚tTI®kugmYydak'tameQµaHKat'ehAfa sULËs . Ka
t'VnTTYldMNwgfa rbbBIsIusß®tat kan'EtmankarrIkFMFat'enAk~¨gGMeBICiH
Can'sg˚t'sg˚inGmnusßFm·˘˘˘ ehIyfaBYkG~k®sukenATI®kugGaEt˙n kMBugEt
nwks†aye®kayCax¬Sg e®JHEtBMuVn®bqSgnwgkarb¬n'ykGMNacrbs'buK
lenHkalBI®KadMbUg .
sUL¨gVnsresrsMbu®tmYyeTAkan'G~k®sukGaEt˙nedayesckI†dUec~H
fa –
FÉNELON 208

« ˘˘˘Gs'elakxusehIy EdlVndak'eTaseTAelI®BHCamças' GMBIerOg

esckI†GP&B√mYy EdlelakVnbegI˚tedayx¬Án‰g . ebIGs'elakVnsa-
l'esckI†Tuk≈lMVkevTnaenAk~¨geBlsB√´f©enH k*edaysarEtGs'elak
manGakb∫kiriyarak'kMEPlnigx√HnUvvicarNJÔaN KWBMuVncg's†ab'BYkG~k
EdlmanqnÊ:lÌcMeJHCati EbrCaeTACacUlcit†s†ab'Jk¥sMdIEpÌmEl˙m nig
ep†kp†ÁlCMenOeTAelIl∫ickl∫rbs'mnusßm~ak' EdlmaneKalbMNg®twm
EteVkbeJœatEtb"ueNˆaH . BYkGs'elakVnGnuJÔat[bursm~ak'enH ek-
NÎGgrkßsnÏwksnÏab' EdlmannaTIsMrab'EtykmkbÂg˚abBYkGs'elak
[rs'enAk~¨gTasPaBGs'mYyCIvit » .
qeb"rIy"g'®d, G~kkan'GMNacp†ac'karm~ak'eTotenAkUruSgfw Vnerobrab'BIsPaB
karN´_ nrdΩrbs'x¬Án[sUL¨gs†ab' k~¨geKalbMNgesI~rsMueyabl' . sUL¨
gk*eqI¬ytbtamlixitedayesckI†dUec~Hfa –
«elakVnsresrerobrab'®Vb'xM∆¨GMBImnusßCae®cIn EdlVnXubXit
k∫t'cMeJHrUbelak . enAeBlEdlelakVnkMcat'xµSgs®tUvrbs'elakG-
s'rlIgeTA, edayykBYkeKeTABiXat elakk*KµanVncMerInGI√enAk~¨gkicçkar
rbs'elakEdr . BYkmnusßx¬H EdlelakBMuVnnwksµansgß&yCamunbni†c
esaH c∫as'CanwgCIkreN†AedIm∫Irg'cSsÊak'rUbelak˘˘˘ …mYyKWCamnusßm~ak'
EdlmankarP&yx¬acBICIvitx¬Án‰g˘˘˘ …mYyKWCamnusßm~ak'eTot EdlminVn
cUlcit†GMBIGMeBIeXareXArbs'elak …k*Camnusßepßgm~ak'eTotEdlcg'k-
sagGMeBIlÌmYysMrab'®beTsCatirbs'x¬Án . ebIcg'yklÌ˘˘˘ elakKYrEt
Qb'e®bIGMNacCiHCan'p†ac'kar[Vndac'®sLHtSgBIeBlenHeTA . k*b"uEn†
ebIelakeFI√minVneT elak®tUveTAnSykkgT&BbreTs[Vne®cIn®Kb'®Ka
n' edIm∫IbÂg˚ab®sukelak[Vk's∫at edIm∫IkMu[elakP&yx¬acrEGgBIerOgGI√
TSgGs'EdlGacekIteLIg nigedIm∫I[elakmankatB√kicçecosvagminnireT
sCaNam~ak'esaH » .
sUL¨gVnq¬gkat'eTAsI˙¨®B ( Chypre ) . Kat'Vncg'mit†PaBCamYynwg
hI√¨LËsI®B EdlCaes†cenAeGBI . k*b"uEn†TI®kugenH®tUvVnsg'eLIgenAelITI
dImYys©ÁtEhgKµanCIrCati . sUL¨gk*VnCUneyabl'eTAdl'hI√¨LËsIu®Bfa
KYrEtksagnKrenAk~¨gtMbn'mYyd*lÌCagenH . Kat'Vne®CIserIsTIvalmY
yEdlmanCIrCatilÌVncat'EcgdwknS[eKbMeBjviFankarNe_ nHedayx¬Án
‰g˘˘˘ enATIbJçb'Kat'k*VnTTYllTÏply"aglÌ®b´B . hI√¨LËsIu®B eday
FÉNELON 209

manGakar:dwgKuNcMeJHsUL¨g k*Vn®bsiTiÏnamTI®kugenHfa « sUeLs».

sUL¨gBMuEmnF¬ab'CaxµSgs®tUvCamYynwgesckI†sb∫ayeBjmYyCIvit
Kat'enaHEdr . Kat'F¬ab'cUlcit†m˙Ëbq©aj'Bisar, F¬ab'cUlcit†s†ab'eP¬g nigGI√@
EdlGacj¨Sg[CIvitmanrsCati . k*b"uEn†Kat'F¬ab'sÌb'el≈an EdlKat'yl'
famanEterOg®bDit sMrab'nS[GarmµNG
_ EN†tePI¬tePI¬n . Kat'Vnyl'fa
kicçkardUec~H bN†al[mankarxUcxaty"agx¬SgcMeJHsaFarNrdΩ BIe®JH
CabuB√ehtuefI√[ekItsPaBbHeVr®Kb'y"ag . kalk~¨geBlEdlKat'F¬ab'
eFI√CaTI®bwkßaEdlmaneKs†ab'bgab'enATI®kugGaEt˙n, etsBIs ( Thepis )
Vncab'epI†msMEdgqakesaknadkmµ EdlCnenHVnniBnÏedayx¬Án‰g .
el≈ansMEdgTSgenHVneFI√[®bCaBlrdΩepIÌlmkTsßnay"agP¬ËkTwkP¬ËkdI˘˘
BIe®JHsac'erOgEdleKVnsMEdgenaH suTÏswgEtCaerOgfIµ . ´f©mYysUL¨
gk*VnmkkMsan†GarmµNk
_ ~¨gel≈ansMEdgenHEdr . luHdl'eBlel≈anbwT
T√ar Kat'k*VnehAetsBIsmksI†benÊas –
- ‰gminecHxµas'eGoneT…, sUL¨geJl, KW®Kan'EtCaerOgsMrab'esIc
sb∫ayeTetI !
sUL¨gk*ykdMbgEdlKat'kan'enA´dvayeTAelIFrNI˘˘˘
- GIcwgehIy, Kat'eJltb, ebIekKS®TkarPUtPrrebobenH edayesIc
elgsb∫ay˘˘˘ minyUrb"unµaneT eyIgKg'EteXIjerOgdUec~Hq¬gcUleTAk~¨g
kicçkarsaFarN: nigcUleTAk~¨gbJ˙ardΩd*sMxan'@ecosminput˘˘˘
KWehtudUec~HehIy VnCaenAk~¨geBlEdlBIsIßsß®tatVnbJÇa[eK
Esgx¬Án®bLak'eJreBjeTAedayQam cUlmkkN†alTIsaFarN: sU-
L¨g edayVnniyaybIel≈ansMEdgxagelIenHk*VnE®skfa – « enHehI
yedImkMeNIt´nkareVk®Vs'TSgLay » .
G~kx¬Hyl'fasUL¨gCaG~kVnbegI˚ttulakar®kikCMnan'edIm ( Aréopage
) – KWCasmaKmG~kecHdwg nigG~kmansmtƒkicç EdlF¬ab'Vnkan'kar®Kb'
Can'f~ak'enATI®kugGaEt˙n . ´f©mYyeKVnsYreTAsUL¨gfa etIrdΩNamYyEd-
lmansN†ab'F~ab'CageK ? « KWCardΩmYy, sUL¨geqI¬ytb, EdlBYkraÂs†
®bCa EdlminVn®tUveK®bmafenaH xM®bwgE®bgeBjTMhwgEt´xGyuti†Fm·
Edl®b®Bwt†eTAelIG~kd´TenaH˘˘˘ hak'dUcCaerOgTSgenaH®tUvVneK®b®Bwt†
mkelIx¬Án‰g . enAeBlcUlv&ycas'CraCits¬ab' sUL¨gVncab'epI†msr-
esrkMNaB¥GMBIekaHGat¬g'TId ( Atlantide )˘˘˘ ekaH´nkar®s´mmYyEdlBYk
FÉNELON 210

G~k®sukeGyIBÊVntMNal®Vb'Kat'fa zitenAEsnq©aydac'®syalk~¨g
mhasmu®TEdleKminTan'VneTAdl' . kicçkarniBnÏenHminTan'Vncb'pg
Kat'k*VnTTYlmrNPaBeTA . KWenAcMeBlGULSB¥"adTI55˘˘˘ eBlEdlKat'
Vnmkdl'Gayu80q~S . Kat'VneFI√kicçbN†S[eKykqÌwgrbs'Kat'eTAekaH
saLamIn[duteTACaepH ehIy[ykFatueTA®KEvgecaltamE®scMkar .
bnÊab'BImrNPaBrbs'Kat'eTA G~k®sukenaTI®kugGaEt˙nVnsg'rUbsMNak'
rbs'Kat'mYyeFI√BIsMrwTÏ – eKeXIjsUL¨gkan'esovePAc∫ab'mYyenA´d enAk~¨
gsMelokbMJk'CaemdwknS®bCaBlrdΩ . bYkG~k®suksaLamInVnksag
rUbsMNakmYyeTot bg˙ajBIrUbKat'k~¨gzan:CavaKiµn EdlkMBugEtniyay
eTAkan'saFarNCn, ´dlak'bg˚b'enAk~¨gp~t'sMBt'tulakarrbs'Kat' .⁄

❑ ❑