FÉNELON 211

CIvt
i rbs'ta
˙ Els
THALÈS

[ ekItenAq~STI1´nGULSp¥adTI35 ( kILaGULSBIk )-s¬ab'enA

k~¨gGULSp¥adTI58, manGayu92q~S ]

t˙aEtl, CnCatimIeLsIuyag, manedImkMeNItenA®beTseh√nIsIu, CakU

nEs®sLayrbs'kadmusß kUn®busrbs'Gaet˙nr .
eday“Bukm†ayrbs't˙aElsmankarsÌb'exıImCax¬Sg cMeJHG~kkan'GM-
Nacp†ac'kar EdleFI√VbCiHCan'sg˚t'sg˚inBYk®bCaBlrdΩEdlmansn†an
cit†lÌ, G~kTSgenaHk*dac'cit†cakecjBI®sukmIeLt,_ BITI®kugy"UnI Edlt˙aEl
smankMeNItekItenAk~¨gq~STI1´nGULSp¥adTI35 . buKlenHCabuKlTI1 Ed
lVnTTYlkiti†namCaG~k®VC∆˘˘˘ edayKat'VnbegI˚tTsßnviCÇam"¥ageQµaH
fa y"UnIk˘˘˘ KWeQµaHdk®sg'ecjBITI®kugkMeNItrbs'Kat' .
buKlenHVncUlbMeBjkicçkargarenAk~¨g®ksYgtulakarGs'mYyry :
eBl, ehIybnÊab'BIVneFI√karedaymanekrei†_ QµaHlÌk~¨gnaTIsMxan'@ enAk~¨g
®ksYgenHehIy˘˘˘ Kat'k*VncakecjEs√geTArksikßas√aF¥aynG
_ af·kMVM-
g´nFmµCativij˘˘˘ edayKat'mincUlcit†Cab'´dCab'eCIg nigsPaBtwgEtg´n
kicçkarsaFarN:n
nigneyaVy . Kat'VneFI√dMeNIreTA®beTseGyIBÊ Ed-
lenATIenaH viT¥asaÂs†epßg@kMBugEtlUtlas'EbkEp¬p˚aeBjTMhwg – Ka-
t'k*VncMNayeBlevlaGs'Cae®cInq~S edIm∫IBiPakßaCamYynwgBYk®KUGaca
r¥FM@ EdlsuTÏswgCa®kumbNiÎtenAk~¨g®beTsenH . Kat'Vnsikßa®sav
®Cav BIPinPaKsm©at'´nsasnarbs'BYkeK ehIyVnykcit†Tukdak'y"ag
x¬SgCaTIbMputxagEp~kerxaKNit ( géométrie ) nigxagEp~ktarasa®s† . Ka
t'BMuVnCab'cit†Cab'efI¬mbMerIelak®KUFMNam~ak'eT˘˘˘. e®kABITMnak'TMngEdl
Kat'F¬ab'manCamYynigG~k®VC∆eGyIBÊ˘˘˘ Kat'KµankarBiesaFn‰
_ NaeToteT
e®kAEtBIkarBiesaFn®_ sav®Cavrbs'x¬Án‰g . KWkarBiesaFnB
_ icarNad*®Ca-
FÉNELON 212

le®CA nigcMeNHdwgEdlKat'Vn®bEm®bmUl{b®kesabedaykarsikßa
pÊal'x¬Án‰g˘˘˘ Kat'k*VnykcMeNHdwgTSgenH mkB®gIkcg®kgCaTsßn-
viCÇarbs'Kat' .
t˙aElsmansm∫CÇJÔ:xıg'xıs'Nas'˘˘˘ niyaytic, EtKitBicarNae®cI
n . Kat'minEdlKitGMBI®beyaCnp
_ Êal'x¬Ánrbs'Kat'eT˘˘˘ Kat'mankarcab'Ga
rmµNy
_ "agx¬SgEteTAelI®beyaCn´_ nsaFarNrdΩrbs'Kat'Etb"ueNˆaH .
Cnm~ak'eQµaHyuevNal'˘˘˘ eBlniyayBImnusßx¬HEdleCOCak'fa kar
sgswkCa®TB¥sm∫ti†d*sMxan'CageKenAk~¨gCatienH˘˘˘ VneJlfa mena-
seJçtna´nkarsÌb'KMuKYnnigsgswk BMuEmnCamenaseJçtna´nBYk®kum®KU-
sar®KIsßIB ( “Bukm†ayrbs't˙aEls ) nigBMumanzitenAk~¨glk≈N:Tn'P¬n'
rbs't˙aElsenaHTal'EtesaH ! .
At vindicta bonum vitâ jueundius ipsâ; Chrisippus non dicet idem,
nec mite Thaletis Ingenium...
enAeBlEdlt˙aEls®tLb'mkrs'enA®sukmIeLt_ buKlenHrs'enAk~¨
gkars©b's©at'Etm~ak'‰g ehIyKitEtBI®tiHriHBicarNak~¨gerOgGI√@EdlTak'
TgnwgemXp˚ay . esckI†®sLaj'Cab'cit† nigbJÔa nigvicarNJÔaN V
nENnS[Kat'cUlcit†CIvitrs'enACamnusßeTal≤t®bBnÏ˘˘˘ KWeFI√[Kat'eco
secjq©ayBIerOgcMNgGaJhB
_ iJh_ . enAeBlenaH Kat'eTIbmanGayu
23q~S k*®sab'Etm†ayKat' G~k®sIek¬GUbflUlInVnbg≈M[Kat'erobkarCamYykUn
®sIG~kmanm~ak' . t˙aElsk*VneJlfa – « kalNaeKenAekµg˘˘˘ KWminTa
n'dl'eBlerobkareT; kalNaeKk¬ayeTACamnusßcas'Cra k*vahYseBl
eTAehIy . cMENkmnusßEdlzitenAk~¨gcen¬aH´nGayuTSgBIrenH KWc∫as'
CaBMusUvmaneBlTMenr®Kb'®Kan'edIm∫IEs√grk®bBnÏenaHeT » . b"uEn†Jk¥G~k
x¬HVneJlfa enAeBlKat'cas'eTA t˙aElsVnyk®bBnÏm~ak'Ca®sICati
eGyIBÊ . KWCa®sIm~ak'EdlecHplitrbs'rbrlÌ@e®cInEbbe®cIny"ag .
´f©mYy manBYkbreTsVncUlmkk~¨g®sukm"aeLt_ edayq¬gkat'tam
ekaHkU˘˘˘ BYkCnTSgenaHVnCYlG~kensaT[bg'sMNaj'cab'®tI[BYkeK .
BYkG~kensaTVnbg'sMNaj'enAk~¨gsmu®T mincab'Vn®tIEbrCaykVn
eCIgtSgmYyeFI√BImassuTÏEdl®BHnageGELn ( Hélène es†c®sI®kik ) enA
eBl®tLb'mkBI®kug®tyvijVnTm¬ak'ecalenATIkEn¬genaH .
karbg'sMNaj'VneCIgtSgmandUec~H k*VnbegI˚t[manCem¬aHCax¬Sg
FÉNELON 213

rvagBYkCnbreTsnigBYkG~kensaT EdlCECktva"K~aGuWgkgteNI†mK~ayk
rbs'mant´m¬ . bnÊab'mk BYkGaC∆a®kugk*VncUlmklayLMenAk~¨gerOgenH
eday®bkan'yk®tUvsMrab'mnusßBYkeKerog@x¬Án . sÂgammYyehobnwgpʨH
eLIgrvagTI®kugepßg@eTAehIy k*®sab'EtG~kx¬Hmaneyabl'fa KYrEtyk
erOgenHeTA[eharaenAP~Medl√CaG~ksMercvij . eKk*VnbJÇËnebskCneTA
P~Medl√; eharaVneqI¬yfa ®tUvEtykeCIgtSgmaseTA®bKl'[G~k®VC∆TI
mYy . G~kpgk*elIkykeCIgtSgmasenH eTA®bKl't˙aEls . t˙aEls
min®BmTTYlyk k*bJÇËnrbs'enHeTA[G~kecHdwgm~ak'eToteQµaHbflÈy"as .
edayesckI†suPaBrabsar bflÈy"ask*VnbJÇËnt@K~a rhUtF¬ak'eTAk~¨gkN†a
b'´drbs'sUL¨g . buKle®kayenHk*VneJlfa KµanmnusßNam~ak'Edl
manbJÔajaNCag®BHenaHeT em"¬aHehIyk*VnbJÇËnrbs'enHeTAf√aytSg
Cae®KOgGasn:rrbs'®BHGab"UL¨g ( ®BHBisˆ¨karrbs'CnCati®kik ) enAP~Medl√
( KYrkt'sMKal'fa enAshrdΩGaemriksB√´f© manTI®kugmYyeQµaH « hI√La
edlhI√y"a » KWmann&yfa « esckI†es~hacMeJHP~Meedl√ » ) .
manBYkyuvCnx¬HenAk~¨g®kugm"aeLt_ VnsI†benÊas[t˙aElsfa muxviCÇa
EdlKat'xM®sav®Cav KµanVnp†l'pl®beyaCnG
_ I√dl'Kat'eT˘˘˘ BIe®JHeK
eXIjEtKat'rs'enAk~¨gesckI†®krehmrhamrhUt . t˙aElscg'bg˙aj[BY
kTSgGs'enaHyl'eXIjfa ebIBYk®kumG~k®VC∆ minEdl®bEm®bmUl®TB¥
Vn®TB¥sm∫ti†e®cIn KWe®JHedayehtufa BYkeKemIlgayemIl®salcM-
eJHmaseB®CEkvkg EdleKmindwgykeTAeFI√GI√˘˘˘ k*b"uEn†ebIBYkeKVnsMer
cfaeFI√G~kmanG~kVnenaHvij k*KµanGI√CakarBiVkcMeJHBYkeKEdr .
eyagtamJk¥sMdIrbs'®bCaBlrdΩ®kik Edlniyayt@K~aBIsm&y
enaH˘˘˘ eKfat˙aElsCamnusßEdlecHKn'KUrTukCamunGMBIerOgemXp˚ay Ca
BiessVnTayTukBIplitpllÌ´nksikmµenAk~¨gq~SEdleKrs'enA . mun
rdUvmkdl' Kat'VnTijEp¬GUlIvTSgGs'enACMuvij®sukm"aeLt_ . plitpl
k*mansMbUrdUckarTsßnT
_ ayBitEmn˘˘˘ t˙aElsk*VnTTYlkarcMeNjd*
snÏwksnÏab' k*b"uEn†edayrUbKat'BMuEmnCaG~kKitBI®beyaCn˘_ ˘˘ kat'k*VnsMu
[mankarrYm®bCMu´nBYkG~kCMnYjTSgGs'enA®sukm"aeLt_ ehIyKat'k*VnEc
kcaykarcMeNjrbs'Kat'TSgGs'eTABYkG~kCMnYjTSgenaH .
t˙aElsF¬ab'VnsMEdgesckI†GMNrKuNcMeJH®BHk~¨gerOgbIy"ag – KW
VnekItmkCamnusßmanbJÔa minEmnCamnusßPI¬ePI¬; VnekItmkCa®bus mi
FÉNELON 214

nEmnCa®sI; VnekItmkCaCnCati®kik BMuEmnekItmkCaCn´®B´pß .

t˙aElsmanTsßn:f
fa BiPBelakVn®tUverobcMeLIgedaybJÔaxıg'xı-
s'mYy EdlKµankarcab'epI†mnigKµanTIcb' . Kat'CaCnCati®kikTI1EdlVn
bg˙at'be®gonfa ®BlwgviJÔaNrbs'mnusß (Gatµ&n)Carbs'EdlecHs¬ab' .
´f©mYymanbursm~ak'EdlVneTAsYrKat'fa etImnusßeyIgGaclak'bwT
VMgGMeBIrbs'eyIgcMeJH®BHVneT . Kat'VneqI¬ytbfa cit†KMnitrbs'eyI
g eTaHCamanlk≈N:C
CaGaf·kMVMgnigCakarsm©at'y"agNak*eday k*min
GacbwTCitCamYynwg®BHVnEdr .
t˙aElsVneJlfa rbs'EdlFMCageKenAk~¨gelak KWTIkEn¬g BIe®JH
TIkEn¬gmancMNuHmnusßst√nigFmµCatiTSgGs'˘˘˘ rbs'Edlx¬SgCageK KW
karcSVc' BIe®JHkarcSVc'nwgnS[Q~HnUvGI√@®Kb'y"ag; rbs'Edlman
el∫ØnelOnCageK KWcit†KMnit˘˘˘ BIe®JHenAk~¨gry:eBlEtmYyEP¬tesaH ci
t†efI¬mrbs'mnusßGacq¬gkat'rhUtdl'c®kval; rbs'EdlmanbJÔaCageK
KWeBlevla BIe®JHeBlevlanwgGaclat®tdagnUvGaf·kMVMg®Kb'y"ag; rb
s'EdlKYr[sb∫aynig®bkbedaysuPmglCaTIbMput KWkareFI√kicçkarGI√@
®sbtamqnÊ:rbs'x¬Án .

‹ Kat'VneJlGHGagCae®cIndgfa karniyaye®cInBMuEmnCasJÔa´n
bJÔajaNenaHeT .
‹ eK®tUvnwkeXIjdl'mit†Pki†esIµK~a eTaHenACitkI† eTaHenAq©aykI† .
‹ eK®tUvCYyåbtƒm∏dl'“Bukm†ayx¬Án ebIeKcg'[kUnrbs'x¬Án CYyåb
tƒm∏dl'x¬ÁneKEdr .
‹ KµanGI√lMVkevTnaCagBYkCnkan'GMNacp†ac'kar EdlmanPaBcas'C
raenaHeT .
‹ enAk~¨gvasnaGP&B√ GI√@EdlnSeyIg[Vnsal'esckI†s©b's©at' KWkar
yl'dwgCak'c∫as'fa BBYkCnEdlVneFI√Tuk≈bukem~jmkelIrUbeyIg k*Ca
BBYkG~kmanvasnaGP&B√dUcrUbeyIgEdr .
‹ kMucg'VnGI√@EdldeNI†mVnBIeKykmkeFI√Carbs'eyIg .
‹ suPmglBit®Vkd KWEtgVnmkBIsuxPaBlÌ BI®TB¥sm∫ti†d*sm
rm¥ ( mnusßsb∫aycit†KWEtgsb∫aycit†nwgrbs'bni†cbn†ÁcEdleKman )
nigVnBICIvitmYy EdlminEmnsiƒtenAk~¨gesckI†xiÇl®cGUsnigGviCÇa˘˘˘.
FÉNELON 215

t˙aElsyl'fa KµanerOgGI√EdllMVkCagkarsal'x¬Án‰genaHeT –
ehtudUec~HehIyeTIbVnCaKat'begI˚tsuPasitmYy EdleKVnq¬ak'´q~enA
elIsn¬wkmas ®BmTSgVnf√ayeTA®BHviharGab"UL¨g – « cUr‰gsal'cit†
KMnitrbs'x¬Án‰g » .
Kat'VngHGagfa CIvitehIynigesckI†s¬ab'KµanGI√xusK~a®tg'NaesaH
eT . luHdl'eKsYredjedalKat'fa ehtuGI√VnCaKat'min®Bms¬ab'Etm†g
eTA˘˘˘ Kat'VneqI¬yfa rs'nigs¬ab'Carbs'EtmYy˘˘˘ KµanGI√EdlGacCMruj[
Kat'e®CIserIsykrbs'mYy CaCagrbs'mYyeTotenaHeLIy .
Kat'EtgEtmanGarmµNs
_ b∫ayrIkrayenAk~¨gkMNaB¥kaB¥eX¬ag . eK
Vnniyayfa KWKat'enHehIyEdlVnbegI˚tk∫ÁnkMNaB¥Jk¥®VMbI˘˘˘
´f©mYy bursm~ak'Edl®tUveKecaTfa VnlYc®bBnÏeK VnmkCYbKat'
edIm∫IsYrKat'fa etIx¬ÁneKKYrEteFI√esckI†scça®bNiFan…eT ? t˙aElsVn
eqI¬ycMGkeTACnenaHvijfa etIkarPrPUte®kamsm∫f CaeTasmYy®salCa
gkarlYc®bBnÏeKEdr…eT ? .
naym"g'E®dtdWBIEr"n EdlF¬ab'eFI√karCasavwkrbs'Kat' ´f©mYyVnmk
CYbKat'enAmIeLt_ ehIyniyayeTAkan'Kat'fa – « {! t˙aEls etImanrg√an'
GI√Edlelakcg'VnBIxM∆¨ edIm∫Ibg˙ajesckI†dwgKuNrbs'xM∆¨cMeJHelak Ed-
lVnE NnS xM ∆ ¨ [ma ncM e NH dw gnU v su Pa si td* lÌ TS gLa y E dlxM ∆ ¨ CM Jk' r U b
elak ? » . « ®bsinebIelakman{kasbg˙at'be®gonG~kd´T, enHCacemI¬-
yrbs't˙aEls, cUrelak®Vb'G~kTSgenaHfa KWxM∆¨enHehIyEdlVnniBnÏ
®TwsI†TSgenH – cMeJHrUbelak KWCaesckI†suPaBrabsarmYyKYr[ekatsr-
esIr, rI‰cMeJHrUbxM∆¨ KWCarg√an'mYyd*mant´m¬rkGI√e®bobKµan » .
t˙aEls KWCaCnCati®kikTI1 EdlVneFI√kar®sav®Cavk~¨gviT¥asaÂs†Bi-
esaFn_ nigenAk~¨gEp~ktarasaÂs† . Kat'Vnyl'fa TwkCavtƒ¨FatuTI1Edl
CaedImcm´nvtƒ¨Fatu®Kb'y"ag; Kat'Vnyl'fa EpndIKWCadMuTwkxab' cMENk
x¥l'KWCaTwkEdl®kxßt' . rbs'GI√@k*eday EtgEtp¬as'b†ËrFatux¬ÁncUlK~a
eTAvijeTAmkCanicçCakal ( kMNt'G~kbkE®b – k~¨gkrNIenH eyIgVnkt'
smal'eXIjfa ®TwsI†d*lI∫l∫ajrbs'G~k®VC∆KImIVrSgk~¨gstvtßTI18m~a
k'eQµaH Lavoisier˘˘˘˘ tamBitKWCa®TwsI†rbs't˙aElsesaH – « Rien ne se
perd, rien ne se crée; tout se transforme » ) .
t˙aElsVnyl'fa GI√@k*edayenATIcugcb'eTA k*Vnk¬ayeTACaFatuTwk
FÉNELON 216

TSgGs'˘˘˘ BiPBelakTSgmUl ®tUveJreBjeTAedayrUbst√EdleyIgemI-

lmineXIj ehIyEdlhicehIrcuHehIreLIgBI®Kb'Tis . Kat'yl'faEpn
dIvilCMuvijmCŒmNÎlrbs'x¬Án‰g EdlCamCŒmNÎlEtmYyrbs'c®kva-
l rI‰Twksmu®TvijEdlEpndIenHsiƒtenABIVn CMruj[mankarkMerIkrJÇÁy
k¬ayeTACaclnarbs'EpndI .
≤TiÏBls&ki†siTiÏrbs'Edkqk'nigCatiGg˚S ehIynigmhaem®tIrvagGI√@
EdlmanFatudUcK~a VnENnS[t˙aElsyl'eXIjfa KµanGI√@enAk~¨gelak
enHEdlKµanCIvitenaHeT .
Kat'Vnyl'fa buB√ehtuEdlbN†al[manTwkCMnn'enATen¬nIl ( ®b
eTseGyIBÊ ) KWmkBIx¥l' ( smu®T Méditerranée ) Edlbk'BIeCIgmkt∫Ëg
VnBn¥WtclnaTwkTen¬EdlhUrBIeCIgeTAt∫Ëgvij EdlCaehtubg≈M[TwkT-
en¬kMBb'hUrehorVcsaccUlk~¨gE®scMkar .
t˙aElsCaG~k®VC∆TI1 EdlVnTsßnT
_ ayGMBIclnasu®KasnigrahflU
cab'c&nÊ˘˘˘ nigVneFI√karseg˚teTAelIclnaepßg@´np˚ayTSgBIrenH . Kat'
Vnyl'fa ®BHGaTit¥CadMup˚ayEdlmanBnW¬BIx¬Án‰g ehIydMup˚ayenaHman
TMhM120dgelIs®BHc&nÊ . Kat'Vnyl'fa ®BHc&nÊKWCadMup˚aymYyEdlma
nBn¬W®CabcUlminF¬¨H ehIyEdl®Kan'EtmanlTÏPaBcSgBnW¬®BHGaTit¥®tL
b'eTAvij dUcCakJçk'b"ueNˆaH tamry:´pÊmYycMehogrbs'x¬Án‰g . ehIy
eyagtamkarsni~dΩanEbbenH Kat'k*VnBn¥l'BITMrg'epßg@rbs'®BHc&nÊEd
lVnelceLIg[eyIgeXIj .
KWKat'enHehIy CaG~k®VC∆TI1EdlVnsikßaGMBIedImkMeNIt´n®BHJ-
y, GMBIFatu´nrnÊH, buB√ehtu´nep¬kbenÊar nigprlan' .
k~¨gsavtaEdlekItmaneLIgmunrUbKat' BMumannrNam~ak'mansmtƒPaB
Gacvas'EvgkMBs'´nb"mnigbUra"mID˘˘˘ edayeyagtam®semalEdlb"mTSg
enHCHeTATisxagt∫Ëg enAeBlEdlBn¬W®BHGaTit¥kat'cMJk'kN†alEpndI (
bN†al[´f©nigyb'mankMritevlaesIµK~a – k~¨gmYyq~SmanBIr´f© Edlyb'
nig´f©mankMritevlaesIµK~a KW´f©21mina nig´f©TI22…23kJÔa ) .
t˙aElsVnkMritq~Smk®twm365´f© . Kat'VnerobcMk∫Ánc∫ab'´nrdUv ehI
yVnkMritExmk®twm30´f© – kalry:evla12ExVnkn¬gputeTA Kat'Etg
EtbEnƒm®VM´f© edIm∫IKMrb'dMeNIrmYyCMurbs'q~S . k∫Ánc∫ab'enHKat'Vneron
ecHBIBYkCnCatieGyIBÊ .
FÉNELON 217

KW Kat' enHehI yEdlVnp† l' nU vcM eNHdw gGM BI ®ku mp˚ a ydu HknÊ ¨ yEdlma
nTisedAeTAEp~kxageCIg ( La petite ourse ), EdlBYkCnCatieh√nIsIuVn
e®bI®Vs'sMrab'k∫Ánnavacrrbs'BYkeK .
´f©mYy enAeBlEdlKat'edIrecjBIpÊH edIm∫IeTAsm¬wgemIlemXp˚ay
k*®sab'EtKat'P¬at'eCIgF¬ak'cUleTAk~¨gs~ameP¬aH . ®sIbMerIcas'enAk~¨gpÊHrb
s'Kat'm~ak' k*VnsʨHrlHrlSgeTACYy®sg'ykKat'ecjBIGn¬g'mkvij ®B
mTSgVncMGk[Kat'fa –
- yIeGIt˙aEls! elakBUEkEtemIleTAemXp˚ay b"uEn†elakemIlmin
eXIjGI√@EdlenACab'nwgeCIgelakesaH ! .
eBjmYyCIvitrbs't˙aEls Kat'Vnrs'enAk~¨gesckI†ekats∆b'Es∆grb
s'G~kpg . eKVnmksaksYrKat' k~¨gerOgsMxan'@®Kb'y"ag . es†ce®ksflu
s bnÊab'BIVneFI√sÂgamCamYynwgCnCatiEBrß ( eGor"g' )˘˘˘ k*VndwknSkg
T&Brbs'Kat'rhUtdl'mat'Ten¬halIs . es†cGgenH mankarGl'EGky"a
gx¬Sg BIe®JHmindwgfa®tUvq¬gTen¬y"agNa eday®Tg'BMumansıan BMumanna-
va ehIyTwkTen¬eTotesatk*e®CA . t˙aElsEdlenAeBlenaH VnedIrmk
CYb®bTHCMrMrbs'es†c k*VnGHGagTUl®Tg'fa Kat'manmeF¥aVyedIm∫IGnu
JÔat[kgT&Brbs'®Tg'q¬gTen¬Vn edayminVc'e®bIsıannignava˘˘˘. k~¨grM-
eBCenaH Kat'k*VnbJÇa[eKCIk®bLaymanragCacMNit®BHc&nÊ tSgBIedIm
CMrMrhUteTAcugCMrM˘˘˘. Ten¬k*Ebkp¬ËvCaBIr ( CMJmE®Bk )˘˘˘ ehIy´dTen¬TSg
BIr®tUvq¬gkat'®Kb'TIkEn¬g cMENkkgT&Bk*Vnq¬ge®tIyxagm≈agedayKµan
karlMVk .
t˙aElsminVnGnuJÔatk~¨g{kasenaH [CnCatimIeLtc
_ gsmınÏeya-
FaCamYyes†ce®ksflusenaHeLIy fI√ebI®Tg'VnTTUcy"agNak*eday . KW
kar®bug®by&t~rebobenHehIy EdlVneFI√[®bCaCatirbs'Kat'enAKg'vg' .
KWedayehtufaes†cesorus EdlVnc∫SgQ~HCnCatilIDI k*VnkMeTc®K
b'TI®kugNa@TSgGs' EdlVncUl´dCamYyBYkCne®kayenH˘˘˘ k*b"uEn†Vn
Tuk®sukmIeLtm
_ Yy[rYcx¬Án˘˘˘ BIe®JH®sukenHBMumankar®Vf~aGa®kk'eTAelI
BYkeKeT .
t˙aElsenAeBlcas'CraeBkNas'eTAehIy Vn[eKEsgrUbKat'eTA
elIdITYl edIm∫ITsßnakar®byuTÏenAk~¨gqakel≈anmYy . cMhayek†Ay"agx¬S
genAk~¨geBlenaH k*VnbN†al[sarJgkayrbs'Kat'TTYl≤TiÏBlp¬a
FÉNELON 218

s'b†Ër˘˘˘ Kat'k*VnTTYlesckI†s¬ab'mYyrMeBC enAcM®tg'kEn¬gEdlKat'kMBug

EtTsßnakar®byuTÏ . KWenAk~¨gGULSB"¥adTI58 nigq~S92´nGayurbs'Kat' .
CnCatimIeLtk
_ *VnerobcMQabnkicçy"agGFikGFmcMeJHrUbKat' .

(kMNt'bEnƒmrbs'G~kbkE®b– t˙aElsmankMeNIttMNalK~a nigyuKsm&y®BHBuTÏ

smNeKat†m KW6stvtßmun®Kws†skraC . KWCaTsßviTU®kiknigG~k®VC∆KNitsa-
Âs†TI1 EdlVnTuk®TwsI†fa – « Exß®sbBIrEdlsm ®sbCamYynwgExßTI3 KWsm
®sbCamYyK~aTSgGs' » ( Deaux droites parallèles à une même troisième sont
paralèlles entre elles ) .⁄