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rUbftvtCystartnaram ( eckCM ) ksagenAstvtTI18 enAsukep~a

dac' extBHtJMg ) beTskmCaekam . enHCavtEdlBHetCBHKu-
NsWg-vg' Fab'Kg'enA - BHGgCaemdwknSExrekamd*kahanGg'GacmYy
Gg tUvyYncab'ykeTAeFIKtnaq~S1958 enAextTwkexA . Photo: T. X
CnCatP
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(25q~S)-rkaTuk[enAPaBdEdlrhUtdl'kNalebHdUgnnKrGaNam na
eBlbcbn~ - tg'tMbn'bIuj-DIj .
GMeBIvitarkmBgIkTwkdIrbs'yYnmkelIEdndIkUsSgsIun Vncab'epIm
bgajeLIg k~glkN:C
Capvkark~gq~S1658 . naedImstvtenaH bCa-
CatiyYnenHEdlTTYlCYtCabtamvbFmcin VnnSK~arUtrHdwkkUnCJn
ecAmkkan'tMbn'CYrP~MGNamtambeNayeq~rsmuT bNal[Vt'bg'xUc
xateTAelITwkdInGtitnKrcMV" EdlCaBHraCaNackmYyTTYlnUvvbFm
GariyFmBIbeTsNa ehIyEdlclnatsUrMedaHnbeTscam kMBug
Etehvht'enOyNayGs'mankmSgnwgTb'Tl'teTAeTotekIt . k~gq~S16
02 BBYkyYnVnmkdl'extKI-jwg ( Qui Nhon ) rYcVnqgkat'tamtMbn'
va"Er"lLa ( le Varella ) . k~gq~S1653 yYnVnEtgtSgedayxngnUvtMbn'
rdVlpal'rbs'eKmYy edayrYmbJlykextj"atag nigextpan'-ruSg
munnwgbJleTAk~gextpan'-eFot rYceQageTAykmkrYmbJlk~gGaCa-
Frrbs'xnenAtMbn'dUnN nigtMbn'Vn'sI eJlKWPUmiPaKebonva" nigV-
ero .
xMtmanTTYlPar:nwgfaEfg[VnekaHkaynUvbvtinkarcMerInlUtla
s' naeCayTenemKgenaHeLIy . EtxMsUmGnuJatrab'bJlnUvdMNak'
karsMxan'@Etb"ueNaH . k~gq~S1698 enAelIPUmiPaKdUnNTSgmUl tUvV
nCnCatiyYnrMedaHykVnehIy tUvEckecjCa3x&NmNlsbnwg
eBlsBfenH KWmNlebogva", y"aDIj nigBnKr .
k~gq~S1715 beTsyYnVnTTYlyl'BmedayteGonxas' yl'
Bm[G~kpgeBgCaticinm~ak' EbgEckTwkdIenHCatMbn'sy&tnatMbn'ha
etog . k~gry:eeBleBjmYystvtTI18enaH yYnVnykcitTukdak'rYm
bJlCarbs'pgxn nUvEdndIPaKxagekItTSgGs' rYcPab'eTAnwgTwkdIPUmi
PaKxaglic EdlxnetIbbv&JykVnefagfI . k~gq~S1732 yYnVnEb
gEckCaextx&N-rdVl sMrab'CabeyaCnr_ bs'pgxn enAk~gextlg'-
eha eJlKWvij-Lg Pab'eTAnwgtMbn'eq~rsmuT rhUtdl'tavij nigVsa
k' .
q~S1753 BYkyYnelbykPUmiPaKmI-fr edayekabykextnanaenAEb"
kxageCIgnTenemKgxagk~g ( au Nord du Fleuve Antrieur ) . q~S1757
yYnCMrulrhUteTAdl'cMNuccugbMput dl'extmat'CUk ( cUvduk ) edayman
CnCatP
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beJjTiBlpaPab'EbbenHeTAnwgTwkdITSgGs'Edlxnbn'ykVn cab'
BIeCIgeTAtg rYcEbrtLb'eTATisxagliceTot . karkMerIkbHeVrnBYkt
esIgnadMNac'cugstvtTI18 VnbNal[mankarbgrQamJseBj
nKr Gs'ry:eeBly"agyUr KW25q~SeNaH Caehtubgak'bnydMeNIrQa
nJneTAelITwkdIExrteTAeTot ehIyEdlenAtg'kEngxHeTot BYkyYneK
EtgBgIkBgwg[rwtEtrwgbwugmSeLIgteTAeTot . k*b"uEnCakarkt'sMKal'
mYyedayELkfa naq~S1832 KWbmaNCit30q~Smunkarmkdl'ndMeNIr
ebskkmsavCavrbs'VrSg- eGsaj"lk~gq~S1859-1860 Edl
BHecAGFiraCmiuj-m"ag Vncab'epImerobcMcat'EcgbgbegItCatMbn'rdVl
enAelIEdndIkUsSgsIun rYcKWcab'tSgBIeBlenaHmk ehIyEdlmankarpa-
s'brEkEbeQaHextx&NTSgLaydUcmanCab'mkdl'sBfenH .
kalbriecTTSgb"unanEdlxMlattdagerobrab'xagelIenH Kan'Etb-
Jak'bIkarGnuJat[eFItambeNayEtmgCapvkar nkarsresorxitly
cUlbnicmg@ karrMelaPbMJnedayGMNacnBBYkyYneTAelIEdndIkU-
sSgsIunEtb"ueNaH . dMbUgeLIy BYkyYnQanJnTSgenaH suTEtCaG~k
edIrpgeBg CaCnJlGnafa CaCntUveKnireTseJHerOgneyaVy
CaCnrt'ecalkgT&Bk*CaCnEdlKan eQaHcuHk~gbJI ( les nom-inscrits
) eJlKWCnEdlKanekrG
i_ akrTBsmtiGITSgGs'enAk~gPUmikMeNItrbs'
xn . dUec~HCacSVc' GaCaFrtamPUmi-XMu etagEtbeNjecj[eTArkmeFa
Vyrs'enAkEngdTeTotedayxng . rYcbnmkeTot manbNaCn Edl
tUveKdwknSecjmk CaBiessBIextkagbIuj nigBIextbIuj-DIj . enATIb-
Jb' KWBBYkniKmCneyaFa ( les colons militaires ) Etmg y"agecInsnwk
snab'mIredrdas' mknSK~abegItPUmifI@ CaBiessenAtg'tMbn'Ep~k kNal
nigEp~kxaglicEdnkUsSgsIun .
karcab'epImtSgTIenACab'lab'rhUtnBYkniKmCnyYn EdleTIbmkd-
l'fI@TSgGs'enaH VnCYbbTHnUvlkN:lbB sMrab'BYkeKrs'enAcMeB
lEdlsgamrbs'BYkt-esIg eFI[escnKrGNamhinehacTBs-
mtiGs'rlIg k*nSK~amksMuCkekanenAEdnkUsSgsIunEb"kxagekam ( dans
la priode de la guerre des Tay Son o le souverain d'Annam dpossd-
trouva refuge en Base-Cochinchine ) . edayeqtnwg{kasekala
hlcbUkcbl'enH bCaCnExrGackan'kab'edaypal' nUvGMNacrdVl
CnCatP
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rUbftBHsgExrekamcMnYn265GgkMBugeFIVtukmedaysniviFI edImITa
mTarnaTICaCnPaKtic enAxagmuxvimanbFanaFibtIyYn ( egg-van'FIv )
kalBIfTI13 vicika 1969 . Photo: Thach X
CnCatP
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CapvkarmYyEp~kFM ehIyeKTSgVneXIjfa manExrm~ak'VnCYyKSTesc

yYneTotpg edaydwknSG~kEdls&KcitrYmCamYyxn eTACYycSgesc
yYndeNImykraCblgmkvij . neyaVyyYnUbniykmy"agxSgkaEm
nETn minEmncab'epImtwmk~graCescyYnmIug-m"agenaHeT KWekayq~S18
20eNaH . enAKb'TIkEng eKykmnIyYn ( les mandarins ) mkCMnYs
mnIrdVlExr rYcehIyeKeFIkarKabsgt'eTAelIbNaras edImIbgit
bgM[bCarasExr TTYlykrebobeskJk'tamEbbbTyYn, niyayPa-
sayYn, TTYlTMenomTMlab'rebobrbbebIVs'karrs'enA[dUcCnCatiyYn
. eBlenaHExrTSElgVn k*ekItmankarbHeLIg edaybgrQampHeLI
genAexttavijk~gq~S1822 EdleKBiVknwgrk[eXIjnUvbPBcas'la
s' . ehtuenaHehIy EdlVncglbgajbJak'enAelIEpnTIcas' . bna
ytUc@TSgenaHg manPar:sMrab'BinitsegtemIlskmPaBrbs'bCa-
CnExr . k~gq~S1841 karbHeVrmYyeTotVnpHeLIg dwknSedaysaesam
(Ggsa-esam ?) enAcMeBlEdlyYnkMBugEtmanvibtiCamYyesom nigkMBug
liclg'k~gGng'elahitkhmqineqAsBTisTI cMVMgrSgCl'enHVnb-
Jak'y"agcas'fa CasJamneyaVysgt'sginy"agxSgka nigkard-
eNImykTwkdItg'enHedaybgM edayebIkmSg . cab'tSgBIeBlenaHtero
gmk bCaBlrdExrenAEdnkUsSgsIun VnlHbg'ecalekrG
i_ akr, PUmimr,
TwkdIEscMkar rYcePosxny"agecIn ( en masse ) eTArs'enAbeTskm
Ca . k~gq~S1856 mankarbHeVrsarCafImgeTot rYcCabnbnab' mankarbH
kMerIk2dgeTotenAq~S1859 nigq~S1861 . Tal'EteyIg (VrSg) cUlmkd
l' eTIbExrenAEdnkUsSgsIunGacecosputBIkareFITaruNkm eFIVnBIsM-
Nak'mnIGaCaFrnigniKmCnyYnVn ehIyGacrkeXIjnUvmenaseJtna
xagsiTiesrIPaB BmTSgkarKSJrmin[yYnbv&JykTSgGs' eFI[Vt'
bg'kmsiTidIFI nUvTwkdImMTenemKgEp~kxagekam-xagtg ( viction totale
du territoire du Bas-Mkong ) . m"agvijeTot karcUlmkdl'rbs'eyIgCa
karGnuJat[ExrenAEdnkUsSgsIun GacEfrkaTuknUvebtikP&N ekrm
i_ rtk
BIbrmbUraNrbs'eK EdltUvrelaHxUcxatVt'bg'Gs'CaecInNas'eTA
ehIy edaymeFaVybMpicbMpajecal Kanxl'xayKitKUrBIerOgby&t~
bEyg EfrkaTuk[sbtampvcab'GIesaHeLIy . BYkniKmyYnEdleTI
bmkdl'fI@ k*cab'epImerobcMTIkEngs~ak'enAelITwkdIEb"kxagtg eday
CnCatP
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sbeTAtamcMNgcMNUlcitrbs'BYkeK rYck*bgbegIttSgCaPUmi enAt

g'NaEdlBYkeKyl'eXIjfa Gacpl'nUvKuNPaBCakargaysYldl'
karrs'enA . G~kkt'ta ( un chroniqueur annamite ) yYnm~ak'Vnsresr
k~gkMNt'cMNSrbs'xnfa dILTSgLayVntUveKeCIserIsEbgEck
edayeyageTAtamesckIsMercrbs'mnInamWun edImIGacCakmsiTierog@
xn . eKKanrvl'vas'EvgGIeToteT eBlNanrNam~ak'TTYlyl'Bmyk
CakmsiTirYcehIy @k*eKtmanTSgkt'taGICasMKal'pgEdrfa etICadIl
twmtUvtamknx~at k*mintwmtUv . GtbTenHEcgeLIgTukCamUldan
CaviFIsMrab'karEbgEckTwkdICaTUeTAenAKb'TIkEng edayKan'EtsMGageTA
elICnNaEdlVnkan'kab'enAnwgkEng em"aHehIyeKalkarNe_ nH rs'ra
nrhUtral'kareCotECkTSgGs'eTAelIPUmiPaKkat'tamTenVsak' ( vers
les Transbassac ) . k*b"uEn PaKecInG~keTIbmkdl'fIefag ecIneCIserIs
ykTwkdItg'tMbn'TMnab sitenAtambeNaypvTwkEdlekItmaneLIgeda-
yFmCati . ehtuenaHehIy ebIsinCaeKKan'EtkeLkemIleTAelIEpnTI
x~at25,000 eKk*segteXIjfa rhUtmkdl'sBfenH enAk~gextta-
vijnigextsuktSg nUvkarbgajeLIgBIkarcUlcitrbs'eK . PUmimryYn
ecInsitenAtammat'EBk-GUr-dTen-smuT eJlKWenAtampvTwk . cM-
ENkPUmimrExrvij VnrayV"yenAelIdIxac'tam ( Giong ) ep~ar Ca
hUrEhr ehIyEdlbEhlGaccat'Tukfa VnCaGtitBMnUkCYrp~rxac'd*Evg
GnaytambeNayeq~rsmuTenaHg (d'anciens cordons littoraux)) . enA
eBlEdlPUmiyYnEtgbmUlpMpHCaecInenAEtmYykEng edaymanrukCati
dUcCaedImGMBilTwk, edImdUg nigedImsa d*sYcsavxs'll .
pHExrcUlcitsg'enAelITIsYncar manrukCatinana dac'@BIK~ay"ag
sgar . pHyYnsg'pal'dI elIkElgenAtMbn'tg'NaEdlmanTwkeCarCn'
racmat'EBk mat'Ten . pHExr eKcUlcitsg'elIssrxs'putBIdI . pH
ExrecIntSgenAelITITYlst minsUvmanedImeQIsubTub EthMuB&Teday
rukCatipl'nUvEppaKb'Ebby"agdUcCa dUg, x~r, tEbk, sayCaedIm. pH
ExrecInsg'enAtg'dIst EdlnSmknUvsuxPaBl ehIyEdlmanTwksa
tbrisuT . Kan'EteKkeLkemIlBIcmayy"agFmtaesaH ( edayBMucSVc'
BinitBic&y ) eKGacsal'VnPamfa CaTidPaBnPUmimrExrenAEdnkUsSg
sIun bkbedayrukCatiexovsgat'bnhUrEhrEvgGnaydac'knyEP~k Ca b'
CnCatP
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eCIgemX x&NedaykEngxH@manedImeQIxs'@ KWTItg'enaHehIyCa

vtGaramrbs'Exrekam . manCYnkal EdlesIrEttictYcNas'minsUvma
npg eKsegteXIjmanedImet~at EdlCalkN:BiesssMrab'sMKal'nU
veTsPaBnvalCnbTrbs'Exr . CYnkalmanedImBIgenAtamBelaH
CaBiessedImKKIr ( le Koki ) EdlBYkyYnehAy"Uv ( dau ) bkbedayedIm
FMsMebIm ehIytg'@Pwg EdleKTukbMrugnwgykeTAlugeFITUk-g sMrab'b
NSgK~a ehIyEdlenAtamKb'PUmiExr EtgEtmanTUkEbbenHKb'@PUmi .
BIqay kalNaeKkeLkeXIjedIrKKIrecInedrdas'kMBs'bhak'bEh-
lK~a eJHdSeBldMNalK~a TItg'enaHgehIyKWvtGaram eTaHbICapas'
breTA[yYnsg'vtelakyYnk*eday k*eKenAEtrkaTukrukCatienHdEdl (
ebIeKkab'mYyedImeFITUk eKdSbneTAeTot ) . enAeBlEdlcUleTAdl'TI
enaHPam eKrEmgmankarcab'GarmNe_ TAelITIlanpdId*FMeFg d*lwgelIy
TUlMTUlay ehIyEdlenAkNalTIFaenaH manBHvihartSgenAcenaHpv
lMtUc@ nigsHTwk . enAtg'enHCasalasMrab'bCMueBlbuNTanmg
mal . enAtg'eNaHkudiBHsgCahUrEhr sg'xs'putBIdIsMrab'eFIsmaFi
sil . menaseJtnaTUlMTUlay, rukCatiCaCYrtg'Pwg rYmpMnwgTMenomTma
b'bBNIbkbedaysbrsFmEfmBIelIenaHeTot VncglbJak'V
b'fa TIenHehIyCakEngskar:bUCa ehIyEdlmanlkN:xusK~asLH
BIBHviharyYncin Edlsg'swgEtKrelIK~a -Cab'@K~a . eKEtgrIkraynig
KyKn'nUvsabtkmd*smsYnTSgenaH edayTuk[manxl'GakasecjcU
ly"agbribUN eTaHbIk~gn&yTMhM k*dUck~gn&yKMnUsbnat'tg'k~glMhGa
kaspgEdr . enHCakarbJak'[eXIjfa cab'tSgBImanTMnak'TMngCadMbUgb
gs' CamYyGriyFmGgrmkem"H VnCMruj[eKmansartIPak'rlwkcab'Garm-
Ne_ TAelIesaP&NPaB, PaBsmsYn twmtUvK~aeTAnwgTMhM EdlsilkrBI
GtitkalrEmgmanTsn:xs'bMput . vtGaramTSgLayenAEdnkUsSgsIun
tmanlkN:GIxusEbkBIvtenAbeTskmCaesaHeLIy .
vtTSgLayenaHtmankarEbbYlpas'brGITal'EtesaH eJlKWKb'
@vtrEmgsg'enAelITIlanFMTUlay elIdIcak'bMeBjy"agxs' eFICaeXOn2
3Can' (BHvihar) ehIyhuB&Tedaykudi, salaqan', salaqTan, kEngeFI
smaFi bkbedaydMbUlkMBUlecIntYt nigmankrkac'rcnaEbk@K~a
BIGaKarmYyeTAGaKarmYyeTot . enAKb'mumdMbUlnBHvihar manlMGeTA
CnCatP
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edayrUbKuD qak'Cakac'd*lEbk labBNTwkmas k*rUbcmak'epg@Ebk

@ EdlPaKecIn@EtniyayGMBIerOgBHBuT EdleKdksg'ecjBIKmIrdIkar
sIBIBYkTmiLGt'sasna G~kbqSgnwgBHBuT . CYnkaleTot eKsg'yk
cmak'tamEbbbTcinmklMGkMBUl ehIyebIeyagtamlkN:Ebb enH
CakarcglbJak'[eXIjcas'EfmeTotfa eyIgminEmnenAcMkNal
beTskmCaenaHNa ? (Nous ne sommes plus au Coeur du Cambodge )
EtCakEngsMrab'Tak'TgK~aeTAvijeTAmk ehIyEdlkarcmgtam karefItamvi
s&ysil: GaceFIVntamcitcg' nigedayGFas&yeTotpg .
EtCaGkuslKYr[sayNas' tg'EdlfakarebIVs'CatisIum"g't_ b
Nal[manFMukinGakk'eBkenAtamsMNg'nanaTSgenaHEdlPaKxHmanl
kN:ss'lbwmbiy_ . eKOgcmak'kac'kreFIBIeQIsuTsaF EbtLb'
eTACacak'BumkYr[BWxac. xMmindwgfa etIxMtUvefIkarTTUctva"bJak'y"agNa
teTAeToteTsIGMBIbeyaCnC
_ acSVc'k~gkarGb'rMsareLIgvij nUvn&ynesa
P&NPaB ( du sens esthtique ) EdlCnCatiExrmankMritxs'Bn'eBkNas'
eTAehIy @EdltLb'eTACaeFI[efaktmeTAvij ( Avili ) enaH . cMeJHb-
CaCatimYyEdlEtgykcitTukdak' EfTSKSJrdUcCabCaCatirbs'eyIgenaH
kareFI[Pak'rlwkeLIgvij nigkarBnl'[xitxMrka[enAKg'vg,[ykcitTu
kdak'nigEfTSnUvKuNsmtid*lbBrbs'bCaBlrdenANcin ebItamxM
yl'favaminEmnCakickard*ff~reLIy. karxitxM bwgEbgy"ageBjTMhwg
Vncat'eFIehIyenAP~MeB j edaykumsaCIvkmExr ( GgkarnG~kmanmuxr-
br dUcK~a Les corporations Cambodgiennes ) dwknS elak George
Groslier .
karcab'kMeNIteLIgvijy"agCak'Esg Vnbga j[eXIjy"agbtk
BIkarlUtlas'k~gvis&ysahkmtmaj nigsahkmEp~ksil:n
karq~eFIeKOgmas-Vk' (l'orfvrerie)) . k*b"uEn, kalBIsm&yedIm enAEdn
kUsSgsIunenH natMbn'TItug (sayTg) maneragtmajtamKYsar Edl
eKVn tajsMBt'kdas'sMrab'JsCJSg (des tentures)) enAtamvtGa
ramnana bkbedaykrkac'leqIt . sil:EEbbenHVnrlayVt'bg'Gs'
eTAehIy dUceyIgVt'bg'Gs'rlIgnaeBlbcbn~enH nUvGtitsabtkr (
des anciens architectes ), G~ksagcmak'krkac' ( des sculpteurs )
ehIynigCagpat'BN[elc (et des enlunineurs)) . bsinebIeKGnuJat
CnCatP
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[xMbeJjsMNUmBrnaeBlenH KWxMsMuCabnan'[ExrenAEnkUsSgsIun
mansalasil:salarcnarbs'xnmYy dUcCnCatiyYneKmanrbs'eK
enAebog-va", enAFU-y"Uvem"ak ( TYltaemaK ) nigenA y"a-DIjGJwg .
enAk~gvtGaramTSgenaH swgEtKanrbs'rbrGIKYr[kt'sMKal'esaHeT
EteKmankarcab'GarmNP
_ ammYyrMeBc eBlEdleKcUleTAk~gbrievNvt KW
minsUvCamaneKOgtuTUtSg nigeKOglMGecIneqItqayelIy minsMbUrEbb
hUrehoresksHdUck~gviharyYncineT . manEtkenl2-3kallat s
nwgpal'nwgkMrald sMrab'BHsgKg'sUtFm . enAxagmageToteNaH
maEKsMrab'BHKUecAGFikar sMrab'BHsgdTeTot Kg'enAeBltUvevn
eLIgeTsnamg@. enAelIblgdMkl'BHBuTrUbsMxan'CageK manBHCIry"a
gFMxs'puteKg ehIyhuB&TCMuvijedaysav&ktMNagBHGgCaecInGgeTo
tpg ehIyEdlmanTMhMFMtUcy"agsmsYn manrUbragbhak'bEhlBH
GgFM eJlKWeKKan'Etcmgqak'tamKMrUedImEtb"ueNaH . enAtamCJSgBHvi
hardEdlh~wg eKsegteXIjmanpSgKMnUrKUrPab'eTAnwgCJSgEtmg nUverO
gr"avsIBICIvitrs'enArbs'BHbrmKUBHsmeKatm erOgeBgdksg'ecj
BIKmIrmhaCatk erOgramekri_ erOgBHn, BHBhymVl . cMeJHerOg
BHn eKGacsal'VnPamnUvtYGgBHn edaymanmuxexov . bCaBlrd
Exr eTaHenAEdnkUsSgsIunkI eTaHenAbeTskmCakI eKKb'@rUbEtgeKarB
BHBuTsasnaEp~khinyan ( Le Bouddhisme du Petit Vhicule ) eJlKW
TwsI, knx~at, kncab'Edldksg'ecjBIKmIrCaPasaVlI ehIyEdl
manTiBlKbdNb'eTAelIbeTsnanak~gPUmiPaKEb"kxagtg manbeT
sesrIlga, esom nigPUma. kareronsUtxagpvFm sitenACab'siteTA
nwgTMenomTMlab'CMnan'edIm . k*b"uEn xMtUvEterobrab'CabEnmeTAeTotfa BuTni
ymEbbhinyanenHtUvVnnScUlmkk~gbeTsedayCnCatif EttUvV
nCYtCabcUlmkk~gbeTskmCa k~geBlkngmkfI@enHesaHEtmg .
rIBuTniymEbbmhayan ( Le Bouddhisme du Grand Vhicule)) enaH
vij bkbedaykncab'TUlMTUlay manTMnak'TMngsKsaj VnsMerc[
manlkN:y
y"agFMeFgEdlCaehtujSg[manTsn:vis&yEp~ksil:rrab'
minGs'- VnCYtCabbkbedayTiBlnigCMenOy"agkas'Ekl tSgBI
sm&yGgrmkem"H .
eKVkdCayl'edaykarP&ncLMCaminxaneLIy EdlfaTwsIsasna
CnCatP
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rUbftsalaVlIsmaKmextXSg sgat'6 TIrYmextXSg ( beTs

kmCaekam ) <GgrbUrI> sUmEfgGMNrBHKuNcMeJHBHetCBHKuN
fac'-sar"ug Kg'enAvtkaNada EdlVnepIrUbftvtGaramExrekamCa
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