A HIS T O RY OF

NG E C O U NT Y
V IR G INIA

F r om it s F o rm at io n in 7 3 4 ( O S ) t o t he
1 . . end

i
o f Re c o ns tru c t o n in 1 8 7 0 ; c o m p l e d i
i
m a nly fr om O r g n al Re c o r ds i i

W ith a B ri e f Sk etc h of t h e B e gi nni ng s of

Vi rg i ni a , a S umm a ry of Lo c al
Even ts to 1 90 7 ,
a nd a M ap

By W W . . S C O TT
S ta te L a w L i b ra ri a n , M em ber of the S ta te Hi stori ca l
S oci ety , a nd f or ten yea rs S ta te L i b ra ri a n
of Vi rg i ni a

R I C HM O N D , VA .

EV E R E TT WA D D E Y Co .

1 90 7
l.
"
A RV of COHG RES S 3
s
l s c Ifl es Recawed

DEC 2 3 l at ) !
G uoy u a! n t nnw

C O PY R I G HT 1 9 07

B YW W . . S c o rr
'
 To my F a ther

G A RRE T T S C O T T

g
P res i di n ju s tic e of the C ou n ty o f from the crea ti on of tha t
Ora nge
ofii ce u n til di s plac ed by the pros cri p ti on tha t followed the war He .

long enjoyed the c onfi dence es teem and afi ec ti on of all the people of
,

hi s n a ti ve c ou n ty a nd throughou t thi s trac t of yea rs ,

Wo re th e w h i te fl ow er of a b la m e less lif e .

A ls o i n gra tefu l memory

,
of hi s n iece ,

E L IZ A B E TH HE NS HA W ,

of tha t p a rt of Orange now c alled Ken tu cky; to whos e generos i ty ,

after the w a r I owe my edu c a ti on a t the U ni vers i ty of Vi rgi ni a

, .
 Hi t ians o u gh t t o b e p re cis e faithful and unp re j udice d
s or , ,

and ne ith e r i n t e re s t no r fe a r h atre d no r a fi e c t ion

, s h o ul d m ak e ,

th em w er e from t h way o f t ru th w h os e m o ther i s h is t ory t he

s v e , ,

ri v al o f tim e t h e d e p o s ita ry o f gre at acti o ns w i t ne s s o f t h e pa s t

, , ,

example t o t he p re sent an d m onit o r t o t he fu tu re —C erv nte

, a s.

p ra cip u u m
e m un u s a nn ali u m re o r, me vi rt u t es s ilea n t ur,

utqu e p ra v is d i c t is fa c tis qu e ex p o s t e ri t a t e et i n fam ia m e t us sit .

Tac i tu s A ,
nn ales III 65
. .
 PREF A C E .

I have un de rtaken to write this book because I

th o ught that t h e history of O range was notable enough
t o d e serv e pres e rvation
.

I t is much to be regrette d th at some competent

pe rs on did not do this work long ago ; for in the lapse of
time and the neglect of o pportunity many things that
ought to have been pre served can not no w b e narrated
with confidence as history hardly as tradition
,
.

Though much has peri shed much remains I hav e

,
.

read with diligence t he minute b o oks of the county

court from its organization in 1 7 3 4 down to 1 8 7 0 ;
and can assert with comple te ca ndor that no kn o wn
re source which I thought might a fford information a s
t o the past has been negle ct e d .

N ame after name of plac e s and pe o ple o nce locally

hi storic has passed into o blivio n and beyo nd the reach
of the inv e stigator R egret is vain and can not re store
.
,

what is lost ; my eff ort has been to sav e what is left ,

and to p e rp etuate it for posterity .

F ortunate ly t he county re cords are in excellent

pres er ation and the order book s of the county
v
,

court contain the history of the county in t he main , ,

s o far as it may now b e written .

I hav e bee n advised by judicious and well meaning

friends t o omit so me of the more sh o cking details such ,

as the burnin g o f Eve at the stake the beheading of ,

Peter the cutting off of e ars burning in the hands etc

, , , .

I have no t been able to take this V iew deeming it but a ,

sorry attempt at writing hi story to suppress the truth .

I ndeed I think these so called cru e l episodes in the

-

s tat e of s o c iety th e n e xi s ting red o und rather t o the

6 HIS T O R Y or ORA N GE CO U NT Y

cred it tha n to the reproach of our ancestors ; whe n

sternness in the administration of the law wa s an
essential not to say a cardinal virtue
, , .

The se quence of the chapters though far from being ,

chrono ogica l (which is the ideal sequence ) is the best

l

I could devise Facts far apart in time but relating

.
,

to the same general subj ect hav e to be group e d in the ,

chapter treating of that subj ect O therwise th e re .

co uld be no orderly narration of them .

I have gone but little into the deed and will books ,

fearing that th ere is already too much detail which , ,

for t he b e nefit of the antiquarian has generally been ,

put into appendices of which there are so many that I

“
look for the c riticism that the book has appendicitis :
which however is the prevaili ng fa shion
, , .

A nd genealogy has been altogether esc h ewed .

Grateful acknowledgements are e xtend e d to M r .

Charles E K emper of S taun ton himself a historian of

.
, ,

excellent fame ; to M r W G S tanard t he well known

. . .
,

antiqu arian and edito r of the Virginia H istorical

M agaz ine ; and to our courteo us and obliging cle rk M r , .

C W Woo lfolk
. . .

I submit the book t o the public with the assurance

that it is the truth as far as I have been able to ascertain
it after diligent seeking ; the simple truth u nwarped by ,

fear favor or aff e ction

, , .

I t has been written with no s ordid motive but I hop e ,

a suffi cient number of copies may be sold to reimburse

the cost of publication and perhaps with too much , ,

vanity I look to the appreciation of my friends and

,

o f posterity for my main and enduring reward .

W W S C O TT . . .
 E XP L A NA TI ON5

As sundry archaic terms are unavoidably employed

in this work the followi ng definitions are deemed neces
sary.

tyle Th e old style prevailed when the county

.

was formed and until 1 7 5 2 when the year began

, ,

M arch asth ; J anuary F eb ruary and M arch up to the , , ,

a st h ,constituting the last three instead of the first

‘ ’
three months of the year The change of style .

consisted in dating the year from J anuary I st instead

of M arch 2 sth ; and the addition of the e leven days was
a mere incident .

Ti tha ble F or many years taxes were levied only

.

on persons not on property and a tithable generally

, , ,

speaking was such a person as was subj ect to taxation ;

,

usually all male persons sixteen years of age and serv ,

ants of that age of both sexes .

“
Pounds s hi lli ngs etc
, The colonial poun d was
, .

not the poun d sterling The po un d was twenty shi l .

lings the shilling twelve pence equivalent to 3 3 3 }

, , . a ,

and 1 63: cents respectively

1
, .

G entleman This term then as now was one of

.
, ,

great vagueness but always imparted a certain social

,

or o fficial distinction The grades appear to have been

.

servants yeomen planters who appear to have been

, , ,

gentlemen or not according to their property and ,

8 HI S T O R Y or O R A NG E CO U NT Y

family connections To b e come a j ustice sheriff .

, ,

vestryman etc was to acquire t h e entitlement at

, .
, ,

“
least of Gentleman
, .

”
Pri s on B ou nds A n are a no t exce e ding ten acres
.
, ,

about the j ail wh e re priso ners not committed for treason

or felony had liberty on giving security to continue , ,

therein until discharged : mostly for the benefit of

persons impri s on e d for debt the privilege la sting only ,

o ne year .

B enefi t of Clergy This w a s immunity from capital

.

punishment for a first off ense applying at first only to ,

people who could read but later greatly extended so as ,

to embrace even slav e s A boli shed about 1 7 96 . .

The Tes t I n colonial times this o ath was that the

.

“
a ffi ant doth believe that there is not the real presence
in the elements of th e commun io n of t he Lord s S upper ’
.

The chief authorities relied on are the order books

of the coun ty court and o th er co unty records Hening s ,
’

S tatutes at L arge manuscript records in the S tate

,

Library the Virginia M agazine of H istory and Bi ogra

,

phy and other publication s o f t h e Virginia H istorical

,

S ociety .
 CON TEN TS .

C H AP T E R I .

C H APTE R II .

The G en s ie s of Or a n ge
C H AP TE R II I .

Or gani zati on o f t he

C H AP T E R IV .

T he C o u rtho us es
C H AP T E R V
T he Co lonial
C H AP TE R VI .

O ther O ld Churche —The Di en t r

s ss e s

C H A PTE R VII .

C H A PTE R V III .

F re n ch and In dian War s

C H APTE R IX .

Or ang e i n t he R e v o l u tion
C H APTE R X .

G e rm ann a a nd t he Fir t S ettl rs

s e

C H A PT E R XI .

P r gr
o es s t o t he Mine s .
Io HI S T O R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

C H AP TE R X II .

The K n ights of t he H o r e hoe

s s .

C H AP TE R X I II .

P hys ica l F at ur e es

C H AP TE R X IV .

So cial a nd E c o no m ic I z 1

C H A PT E R xv .

C rim e s a nd P uni hm ent

s s

C H A PTE R X VI .

T he O r n a ge H ma u ne S o cie ty .

C H A PTE R XV II .

F ro m 1 8 4 8 t o 1 8 6 1 1 44

C H APTE R V
X III .

The Wa r Pe rio d
C H A PTE R X IX .

Re co ns tru ction ,
I 8 65 t o 18 70 . x60

C H AP TE R XX .

Fi cal
s and S tati s tical ,
18 70 to 1 90 7 .

C H A PTE R XX I .

Mi c s el lan eous

C H AP T E R X X II .

Bi o grap hi cal S k tches e

C H AP TE R XX III .

Hi t s or ic a nd O ther H om es
C H A PT E R XX V I .

Bi e n gaP e rs o n al Re tro p e ct
s
 CO N T E N T S 1 1

APP E N D IC E S .

C ns us
e ,

Will o f President M adi s on .

War o f 1 8 1 2 .

War o f T he R ev o lu tio n
C o mmis si ons ,
1 —
734 1 783
Ro ster f t he M ontp lier G ua rd D u ring J hn B rown Raid
o e s o ,

R t er o f C o n f d erat S ldi e
os rs 8 6 to 8 65 e e o ,
1 1 1

Mem ber o f t he Variou s Conv nti ns

s e o .

Mem b r f t h C l nial H us f B urge

e s o e o o o e o s s es .

In d x e

L IS T OF I LL U S T RAT IO N S .

M on tp e li e r . . F ro n ti pi c
s e e

At B urlingto n
B arb ursville
o

Cam eron Lo dg e

Chu rch f t h B lin d Pr ach

o e e er .

Clift n o .

Fra cati s . .

Map of Or ang Co u nty e

Ma yhu rs t
M t b ll
on e e o 1 12

M o u n t S ha r n o .

Ple as an t View .

Ro ck lan d s .

S o ldi r s
'
e

S m rs t
o e e

T mb of
o

W dl y
oo e

W d Park
oo .
His to ry of O ra ng e C o u nty

CHA P TE R I .

T he S e a t i ng o f V i r g i ni a .

A brief sk e tch o f the beginnings of Virginia seems a

necessar introduction to a hi story of O range F or
y .

though this history will be mainly co nfin ed t o t he

present narrow limit s o f t he County it ought t o b e ,

kn own t o th o s e who may read it that O range

”
was once a M W w fl Oi

principality in ext ent e mbracing i n h er li mits fi v e

'

pro sp erofi g sgat e s of t h e U nion and parts of two oth ers

“

, .

All o f N o rth America between F lorida and N ova

S cotia was known a s Virginia for a number of years ;
Queen Elizabeth having bee n so charme d by S ir Walter
R aleigh s sea captain s accounts o f the coasts of t he
’ ’

Carolinas in 1 58 5 that she name d t h e country Virginia

“
in honor of hers elf the Virgin Que en
, .

Unfo rtunately all of Raleigh s attempts to fo und a

’

colony on th e se shores faile d and the unknown fate of

,

the one at R oanoke I sland N orth Carolina remains a

, ,

pathetic mystery .

I t was not until 1 60 7 in the reign o f J ames I that a

, ,

settlement was made in Virginia proper The charter .

”
of 1 60 6 t o t h e Virginia Company o f Lond o n granted
 1 4 HI S TO R Y or ORA N GE CO U N T Y

th e right to found a colony one hundred mile s s quare

anywhere between the th irty fourth and forty fi rs t - -

degrees of north latitude ; that is between the mouth s ,

of Cape Fe ar river in N orth Carolina and H udson river

in N ew York ; and to the “
Virginia Co mpany o f
”
Plymouth a similar right between the thirty eighth -

and forty fi fth d egrees ; that is between the Potomac

-
,

river and N ova S co tia Either company might .

occupy in the overlappin g regio n but n either sho uld ,

make a settlem e nt within one hundre d miles of the othe r .

Under this charter J amestown was founded M ay 1 3 ,

1 60
7 by
,
the Virginia Company of L o ndon A s e cond .

charter was granted this company in 1 60 9 by the

terms of which the boundaries o f t h e colony were
extended along the co ast two hundred miles north and ,

south from Point Comfort and up into the land

, ,

throughout from sea to sea we s t and no rthwest and , ,

also all the islands lying within o ne hun dre d mile s

along the coasts of both seas .

O f course these boundaries were n ever a ctually

‘
attained F rom sea to sea must have meant from the
.
’

Atlantic to the Pacific ocean and the line proj ected ,

“ ”
west and northwest embraced nearly all of t h e
Great Lakes and the states of Ohio I ndiana I llinois , , ,

M ichigan Wisconsin and a part of M innesota To thi s

, ,
.

latter part known su b sequ ent lv as the N orthwest

,

Territory Virginia cla imed title under the charter

,
.

She also acquired title to it later by conquest of h er ,

own soldiers under George R ogers Clark u nder orders ,

from Patrick H enry the then governor during the

, ,

R evolutionary War But to quiet disse nsion she ceded

.
,
 T HE S E ATING OF V IR IN IA
G 1 5

it to the federal gov e rnment in 1 7 8 4 only reserving ,

land therein sufficient to fulfil her promise of land

grants to her soldiers in the R evolutionary and I ndian
wars .

I t was pro bably all of a hun dre d years fro m the set
t lem ent at J amestown befo re a white man unless ,

simply as a hunter or I ndian trader s et his foot any ,

‘
where in O range The mov ement toward the fron
.

’
tiers was very slow and almo st exclusively along the
,

“
main water cou rses I n Colon e l Byrd s famous West
.
’

”
over M anuscripts are published the deposition s of
Franci s Thornton and J o hn Taliaferro Thornton .

deposed that in 1 7 03 there were but two settlements

a bov e his house on the lower s ide of S now Creek which ,

is about fi fteen mi les below F redericksburg the upper ,

mo st of which was about fo ur miles belo w the F alls ,

that is F alm outh : Taliaferro that in 1 7 0 7 th ere were ,

but three settlements above his h o use on S now Cre ek ,

on the south side of the Rappahanno ck .

I ndeed the settlement at J ame s town langui shed till

towards 1 62 0 though soon afterwards the Colony
,

began to grow and prosper I n 1 62 2 the population .

numbered persons and tho ugh from 1 60 9 to

,

1 6 1 0 after J ohn S mith s return to England there had

’

, ,
“ ”
been a period k nown as the S tarving Time when
many people were famishing or barely sub si sting on
roots herbs acorns berries walnuts and even on sk in s
, , , ,

and snakes in 1 62 2 there was great abundance of

,

grain fruit and v eget ab les ; w ine and silk were made in
, ,

considerable quantities sixty thousand pounds of ,

tobacco was grown and cattle had increased rapidly

, .
16 HI S T O RY OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

Women were imported and sold to the colonists and ,

the price of a wi fe rose from one hundred and twe nty to

a hun dred and fif ty pounds of tobacco .

I n that ye ar 1 62 2 occurred the great massacre

, , ,

incited by Opechancanou gh when hundreds of men

, ,

women and children were treacherously S lain and all

, ,

the cattle were driven o ff .

I t was long before the colony recovered from this

blow and the extension of the frontiers toward the
,

mountains was greatly delayed by it and by the

general hostile attitude of the I ndians .
 C HA P TER II .

T he G e ne s s o i f O r ang e .

I n 1 63 4 just one hundred years before the formation

,
“
of O range the country was divided into eight Shires
,

which are to be governed as the S hires in England .

A nd lieutenants to be appointed the same as in Eng

land and in a more especial manner to take care of the
,

war against I ndians S heriffs S hall be elected as in

.

England to have the same powers as there ; and ser

,

ge a nt s and bailiffs where need

,
requires ( 1 H en . .
,

O f these original S hires one was named Charles River ;

so called after the river as named by the colonists in
honor of King Charles The I ndian name of the whole
.

river had been Pam au nk ee (spelled Po mu nk ey by

Hening ) which means according to Campbell the,

“ ”
historian where we to ok a sweat
, .

I t is not known when these political divisions ceased

to b e called Shires and became kn o wn as counties but in ,

1 64 2 3 the name of the shire Charles R iver then called

-
,

County was changed to York and the river below the

, ,

confluence of the M attaponi was calle d York R iver The .

b o undaries of these counties were not defined towards

the frontiers and it is assum ed that like S potsylvania
, , ,

“
they extended as far as might be convenient .

I
7
18 H IS TO R Y or ORA NG E C O U NTY

The genesis here becomes somewhat confused Lan .

caster County is first mentioned by Hening in 1 652 ,

when it had two representatives at a session of the

House of Burgesses .

I t i s included because subsequent formations relate

back to i t and seem to constitute it a lin k in the line .

N ew K ent was formed from York in 1 654 .

O ld Rapp ahanno ck from L ancaster in 1 656 ceasing ,

to be a coun ty name in 1 692 when two counties , ,

Ri chmond and Essex were formed from it

, .

A nd thus O range as will be seen later furnishes the

, ,

paradox of being alike the daughter and the mo ther of

a Rap p ah annock County .

K ing and Queen was formed from New K ent in 1 69 1 .

Essex from old Rap pahanno ck in 1 69 2 .

K ing William from K ing and Q ue e n in 1 7 0 1 .

S potsylvania from Essex K ing William and K ing

, ,

and Q ueen in 1 7 2 0 ; and

O range from S potsylvania in 1 7 3 4 .

This is believed to be the genealogy of O range direct ,

and collateral To complete its geography its dis

.
,

memb errnent and line of desce nt i s h ere added .

A ugusta and F rederick embracing all the te rritory

,

o f O range lying north and w e st of the top of the Blue

Ridge were formed in 1 7 3 8

,
.

Culpeper embracing M adison and Rapp ahanno ck

, ,

was formed from O range in 1 7 4 8 .

M adison was formed from Culpeper i n 1 7 92 and ,

named for J ames M adison .

Rappahanno ck was formed from Culpeper in 1 8 3 3 .

 T HE G E NE S I S OF OR A NG E 1 9

Greene named in honor of Gen N athaniel Greene

, .
,

was formed from O range in 1 83 8 the la st dismem ,

b erment .

While it might be interesting it would be beyond ,

the scope of this book to attempt even an outline history

of the many counties named in this genesis Sp ot syl .

vania as the im mediate territory from which O range

,

was formed must be briefly considered , .

I n 1 7 2 0 the seat of government being at Williams

,

burg the following A ct for erecting the counties of

,
“

”
S potsylvania and Brunswick was passed by the Gen
eral A ssembly for so the law making power was
,
-

ca lled even at that e arly date :

P reamble Th at t h e fronti rs towards th e high m o un tains are
,
e

e xp o s e d t o dan g r from t h e Indi ans and t h e lat e

e ttl ments o f t he se e

French t o t h w stward o f t he s aid m ountains

,

e e .

E nac t d S p o ts ylv ania C o unty b o un d s u p o n S now C reek u p t o

e

t h e M ill th enc e by a o u thw s t line t o t h e ri r N o rth Ann a th en ce

,

,
s e ve ,

u p t h e s aid ri v e r a s far as c o n v eni e n t and th n ce by a line t o b e , e

run o e r t he high m un tai n s t o t h e ri e r o n t h e no rthw e s t s ide

v o v

thereo f s o as t o inclu de t h northern pass age throu gh the s aid

,
e

m oun tain th n c d ow n t h e s aid ri v e r un til it com

s, e e agains t t he es

h e ad o f Ra p p ah ann o ck t h en ce by a line t o t h e h ad o f R p p ah n
,
e a a

no ck ri e r an d d ow n th at ri er t o t h
v , m o u th o f S n w Cre ek ;
v e o

whi ch t ract o f lan d from t h e fi rs t o f Ma y 72 Sh all be com e a 1 1,

4 H ening 7 7
,
”
c oun ty by t he name of S pots ylv ani a Coun ty
, .
, .

Th e County was named for Lieutenant Governor -

S potswood then acting governor of the Colony

, .

Without the help of boundaries subsequently estab

lished and maintained to this time it would be diffi cult ,

to define the lines laid down in the statute I nter .

p ret ed by these it may be safely afiirmed that on t he

“
ea st and south the County was b ounded as now ; S now
20 HIS TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

Creek , the li ne with Caroline County empties into ,

the Rappahannock ten or fifteen miles below F reder

ick s b u rg : the N orth A nna is the southern boundary up
“
to the O range lin e : up the N orth A nna as far as con
”
venient is obscure but un important and may be ,

interpreted as meaning all the way to its source The .

ultimate source of this river is a spring on the J ohnson

place near the top of the S outhwest mountains and
, ,

but a few feet from the turnpike leading from Gordons

ville to H arri s onburg Taking this spring which is
.
,

not far from the A lbemarle li ne as the starting point

,

“
for the line over the high mountains to the river on
t h e northwest side thereof so as to include the northern
pa s sage through the said mountains we have approx ,

imat ely the present lin es of O range and Greene counties

with A lbemarle to the top of the Blue Ridge This .

“
about forces the conclusion that the northern passage
means S wi ft Run Gap through which th i s same pike
,
’

crosses the Blue Ridge A t the time the County was

.

formed the only passage across the mountains h ad been

made by Governor S potswood in 1 7 1 6 known as the ,

“
Expedition of the K nights of the Horseshoe The
river on the northwest side of the mountain is
“ “
our S henandoah then called Sherrando and S hen
,

” “
ando and by S potswood the Euphrates down this
,

“
river until it comes against the head of Rappah an
”
nock z this would bring us about F ront R oyal the ,

county seat of Warren ; thence by a line to the head of

Rappahanno ck R iver say about the corner of F au
,

qu ier Warren and Rap p ahannock and then down to

, , ,

the beginn ing following the line of the sources of the

,
 T HE G E N E S I S OF ORAN GE 2 1

Rapp ah anno ck and the Rapp ahannock itself to S now

,

Creek The se boundaries can be ea sily traced o n any

.

modern map of Virginia .

By the same Act fift e en hundred pounds was appro

ri
p at ed to be paid to the Gov e rnor of which five hun
, ,

dred for a church co urthou s e prison pillory and

, , ,

s tocks wh e re t h e gov e rnor shall appoint th e m in S pot

s ylvania h e to e mploy workmen provide material etc

, , ,

o ne thousand p o unds of which one half to S potsylvania

,
-
,

to be distributed in arms and ammunition among such

persons as shall hereafter go to seat the said County ;
that is to each Christian t ith eab le one fire lock musket
, ,

one socket bayonet fitted thereto one cartouch box

, , ,

eight pounds bullet two poun ds powder until the

, ,

whole one thousand pounds be laid out the accou nt to ,

be laid before t he General A ssembly The arms appro .

p ri a t e d to the def e nce of the County and both the real ,

and personal estate of the persons taking them made

liable to their forthcoming in good order ; and to b e
stamped with the name of the County and liable to ,

seizure of any militia o fficer if found without the

bounds I nhabitants made free of public levies for
.

ten years and the whole County made one parish by

,

the name of S t George Because foreign Prote s tants

. .

may not understand English readily they and their ,

t ith eab le s made free for ten years if any such shall
entertain a mini s ter of their own This last clause was .

for the benefit of the Germans settled at G erm anna .

While O range was yet a part of S potsylvania and , ,

indeed before S potsylvania itself was formed thou

, ,

sands and thousands of acres of land to the westward ,

 22 HISTO R Y or OR A NG E CO U NT Y

even as far as to the M ississippi had been granted to

"

individuals by the Crown acting mainly through the ,

Governors of the Colony ; and titles to much land in

O range of today are traced back to S potsylvania K ing ,

and Queen and the land o ffice at Richmond The

, .

M adison Grant for example was made while the

, ,

grantee was still a resident of K ing and Queen .

O RAN G E C O U N T Y was formed from S potsylvan i a i n

“ ”
1 7 3 4 and was named not from the
,
color of its soil
as erroneously stated by H owe and others for the re is ,

no soil of orange color in the County ; but for William ,

Prince of O range one of England s most worthy kings

’

, .

”
N ext to good Q ueen A nne he appears to have been
the best beloved by the colonists of all their kings ;
K ing Willi am K ing and Queen Williamsburg and
, , ,

William and M ary College were all named in his honor ,

two of them in honor of h im and his Queen .

I n colonial t imes i t was not uncommon for parishes

to be formed before the count ies wh ich afterwards con
t ained them were estab li shed S uch was the case with .

O range and the boundaries of the County can only be

,

stated in connection with those of the parish of S t .

M ark The A ct defining S t M ark is as follows :

. .

5 [7 E nacted W he re as m a ny inc o nv enien c es

att nd t he pari shi n rs
"

,
e o e

of St Geo rge parish in t he c oun ty o f S p ot s ylv ania by r a s on o f

.
, ,
e

t he gre at length t he re o f th at fro m J anu a ry 7 3 0 t h e aid pa ris h 1 ,

1 s

b e d i vi d d int o two dis tinct pa ri h es : F rom t h e m o u t h o f t h e

, ,

e s

R apidan t o t h e m o u th o f Wilde rnes s Ru n ; th en ce u p t h e s ai d

Ru n t o t he b rid ge ; and thenc e s ou thw es t t o Pam u nk e y Ri er: v

t h e pa rt b elow t h e s aid b o und s t o b k no w n as S t G eo rge Pa ri sh e .

,

and ll that o th e r part w hi ch lie s a b ov e t h e s aid b o un d s b e k now n

a

as S t M a rk
. .
 THE G E N E S I S or ORAN GE 2 3

The freeholders were required t o meet at Ger

manna on that day and there elect and choose twelve
of the most able and discreet persons of their pari sh to
b e vestrymen Wh en O range was established just
.
,

four years later the dividing lin e betwee n these parishes

,

was made the boundary line between O range and S pot

sylvania so it b e comes necessary to determine what
,

that line was I t is manifest that O range never

.

touched the Pamunkey River as we now know that

river and the conclusion is un avoidable that we must
,

understand some point on the N orth A nna which prob ,

ably at that time was called the Pamunkey because it

, , ,

was the main branch of that stream ; which point is the

present corner of S potsylvania with O range on th e
N orth A nna .

The A ct establi shing the County was passed at the

A ugust session 1734 (4 H en Leaving out
, . .
,

unnecessary words it reads :

A n A ct for di vidi ng S p o ts ylva ni a C ou n ty .

Where as di ers inc on eniences attend t h u pp er inh ab itants

’

v v e

o f S p o ts yl ani a C o un ty by re a s o n o f t h ei r gre at di s tan c

v , from t he e

C ourth ous e and o ther places u sually app ointe d for p u blic m eetings :
B e i t th re f re e n act ed by t h e Lieu t en ant go erno r C o uncil and
e o - v

B urgesses of this pr s nt G eneral Assemb ly and it is hereb y enacted

, ,

,
e e ,

by t heau th ori ty o f t h e s ame ; Th at from and imm e diately after t he

firs t day o f J anu ary now ne xt ensui ng t h e ai d C ounty o f S pots yl , s

v ania b e di vide d by t he di vi di ng line be tw een th e parish o f S t

George and t he pari sh o f S t M ark ; and th at th at part o f t he s aid
.

c ounty which i s n ow t he parish o f S t Ge rge rem ain nd b e called . o a

and k n own by t h n am e o f S p o t s yl ani a C o un ty ; and a ll t h at

e v

territory o f land adj oining t o and ab o v t he s ai d line bo unde d e

sou th e rly by t h e line o f H ano e r Co un ty n o rth erly by t h e gran t o f

,

t h e Lo rd F airfax and w es t erly by t h e u tm o s t limits o f Virginia

,

, ,

b e th en ce fo rth re c t e d into o n di tinct c ounty t o b e calle d and

e e s ,

k n own by t h e n ame o f t h e co unty o f O range .

2 4 HIS TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

A Court for the County was directe d to b e con

s t a nt ly held by the ju s tices thereof on the third Tuesday

in every month .

F or the encouragement of the inhabitants al

ready settled and which shall speedily settle on the
westward of the Sherrendo River it was furth er ,

enacte d that they should b e fre e and exempt from the

paym ent of public county and parish levi e s for three
,

years next following and that all who might s ettle there
,

in the next thre e years sh o uld be so exempt for the

remain der of that time .

The terms of the statute need explanatio n in this ,

”
southerly by the line of H anover Louisa was then
.

“
part of H anover .The grant of the Lo rd F airfax on
the north A s then unders tood Lord F airfax s southern
.
,
’

limit was the Rappahanno ck R ive r as it is kn own ,

to day There was much and long continued co nt en

-
.

tion and litigation about this line however between , ,

Fairfax and the colonial authorities but it was fin ally ,

settled that the F airfax grant e mbraced all the land

lying between the Potomac and Rappahanno ck rivers
up to the head springs of each river and that the head ,

spring of the Rappahanno ck was the source of what is

now known as Conway or M iddle R iver which source is ,

near the corner of Greene and M adison counties near ,

the crest of the B lue Ridge A s this contention was

.

not settled till long afterwards the northerly boun dary

,

of O range continued to be the present Rapp ahanno ck

River until Culpeper was cut o ff in 1 7 4 8 and it remai n s ,

the boundary of Culpeper to this day .

 T HE G E NE S I S OF ORA ‘
NG E 2 5

A map showing a survey acco rding to order in the

years 1 7 3 6 and 1 7 3 7 of the N orthern N eck of Virgin ia ,
”
b eing the lands b e longing to Lord Fairfax is pub ,

lish e d in the re port of the commissio n e rs appointed to

settle the boun daries between M aryland and Virginia
“ ”
in 1 8 7 3 . O n it S outh River is called Thornton the ,

R apidan above the mouth of S outh River is called ,

“ ”
S taunton s River and b elow the mouth is put down
’

as Rapp ah anno ck River S outh Branch called R api

, ,

dan and the Rapp ahanno ck above t h e mo uth of the

,

”
R apidan is called Cannon and higher up Hedge
“
,
“
, ,
”
man s River
’
.
 C HA P TER III .

O rg ani z i
at o n o f t he C o u nt y .

“
I t must be borne in mind that O ld S tyle was yet in
effect in the M other Country and her colonies when
O range was established : that is that the N ew Year was ,

reckoned from M arch 2 5 and not from J anuary 1 ; ,

and that the N ew S tyle did not become effective until

1 7 52 . Thus though the first court was held in J anuary
,

1 7 3 4 there were yet two months to elapse before the

,

year 1 7 3 5 began : that is that J anuary F ebruary and , , ,

M arch came after D ecember of the same yea r This .

wi ll make plain the otherwi se apparently curious date

of the appointment of Col H enry Willis the first .
,

county clerk .

The first minute on the records of the County is in

these words :
Oran g C au nty —B e i t remem b ere d th at o n t he twenty fi rs t
e .
-

day o f J anua ry in t he ye ar 7 3 4 a Commiss ion o f t he Pe ace

,
1 ,

di re cte d t o A u gus tine S m ith Go o d ri ch L igh tfo o t J o h n T aliafe rro

Th om as Chew Rob ert S lau ghter Ab rah am F ield Ro be rt Gre en
, , ,

J ames B arb er J o hn Finlas on Rich ard M auldin S am u el B all

, , , ,

Francis Slau ghter Zach ary Taylor J ohn Lightfoot J am es Pollard

, , ,

Rob ert E a s th am B enjam in Ca e Ch arles C urtis J o t H ite M o rgan

, , ,

v is

M organ B enjamin B orden J ohn Smith and George H obson and

, , , ,

, , ,

a de dimus for adm ini te ring t he o aths et c t o t h s aid J us ti ces

s e

being re ad t he s aid J ohn Finlason and S amuel B all p urs u ant t o t he

,

s ai d d e di mus ad m ini s te re d t h e o at hs app o i nt d by Act o f Pa rli a e

men t t o b e tak en ins te a d o f t h e o ath s o f Allegi ance and S u p rem acy

t h e o ath app ointe d t o b e tak e n b y an act o f Pa rliamen t m ade in

2 6
 OR G A N IZ A T ION OF T HE CO U N T Y 2 7

t he fir t ye ar o f t h e R ign o f h i lat M aj s ty Kin g G rg th

s e s e e eo e e

Fir t ntit uled an Act for t he further Security of hi s M aj e ti

s ,
e s es

P r n n d Go ernm en t an d t h e S u c es i n f t h Cr w n i n t h e
e so a v s o o e o

h ir f t h late Pri n c S o phia b in g Pr t tants an d f r xt in

e s o e es s ,
e o es o e

g u is hing t h e h p es o f t h e p re t en d d P rin ce o f Wal s n d hi

o p n e e a s o e

a n d s e c r t Ab tt o rs u nt
e A u gu s tin S m ith an d J o hn Taliaf rr w h o
e ,
o e e o

s e erally s u b c r
v i b d t h T t and then t h e s aid J hn F inl
s e e es n nd o as o a

S a m u el B all adm ini t r d t h e o ath f a J u s tic o f t h e P ace an d f

s e e s o e e o

a J u s tice o f t h e C unty Cou rt in Ch anc ry u nt t h e s aid Au gus tin

o e o e

S m it h n d J oh n T li f rro
a A n d aft rward t h
a a e ai d A u gu s tin
. e s e s e

S m ith an d J o hn T aliaferro p urs u an t t t h e aid d dim u s a dm inis o s e

t e re d all a n d e e ry o f t h e s aid aths unto Thom as Ch ew Rob rt

v o e

Slau gh ter Ab rah am F i eld R o b ert Gre n J am e B arb r J ohn

,

e s e ,

F inla on S am u l B all F ran cis Slau ghter J hn Lightfoo t J am es

, , ,

s e o

Po llard an d B enj am in Ca e w h s e erally u b s crib d t h T e t

, , , ,

v o v s e e s .

At a C ourt h ld for t he C ounty o f O rang on t h e tw enty fi rs t

e e -

day o f J anu ary 7 3 4 Pr sent A u gus tine Sm ith J ohn T aliaferro

,
1 ,
e , ,

and t h J us tices t o wh m th y h d j u t adm ini tere d t he o aths :

e o e a s s

A Commi i on t o H enry Willi s G nt un der th e hand and S al

ss e e

f o ffi c e o f t h H o no rabl J h n Carter E s q S e c r tary o f Virgi nia

.
, ,

o e e o , .
,
e ,

he ring dat e t h e t hi rtiet h day o f O ct o b er 7 3 4 t o b e cl erk o f t h

a ,
1 ,
e

Court o f thi s Co unty bein g p r du ce d in Co urt nd re ad t he s ai d o a ,

Willi s h av ing tak en t h e o aths e t c and s u b s crib d t h e Tes t w as , .

,
e ,

s w orn Cle rk o f thi s C o un ty .

This Henry Willis was the same gentleman m en

t io nedby QQJQ E Q Ji XEQ as the to p man of F redericks ‘

burg N ote the date of his commission O ctober

. .

was then really the eighth month and J anuary was the
eleventh month of the calendar year He was the .

ancestor of Col George Willis of Woodpark ; of M r . .

H e nry Willi s and of M rs A mb rose Madi son t Woo d .

,

bury F orest Why a person not a citizen of the County

.

S hould have been made clerk does not appear but he ,

continued to be such until his death in the summer of ,

1 7 40 J onathan Gibson Gent was appointed and

.
, .
,

quali fied as clerk at the S eptember term of that year .

2 8 HISTO R Y or ORAN GE CO U N T Y

M r William Robertson s house on Black Walnut

.
’

Ru n was designated as the place where court should be

,

’
h e ld by the Governor s order till t he court could agree
, ,

up o n a place and have the Governor s approbation ’

.

Benj amin Cave qualified as sheriff with Th o mas ,

Ch ew and J ame s Barbour as his sure tie s and William ,

H enderson a s un d e r sheriff
-
.

J ames Wood Gent produced a commission from t h e

, .
,

president and masters of William and M ary Co llege ,

dated N ove mber 1 7 3 4 to be surveyor for th e coun ty

, , .

Z achary Lexzvi s and R obert Turn e r we re sworn as

attorneys to practise in the Cou nty The court unani .

m ou s ly recommended J ohn M ercer to t h e Governor for

appointment to prosecute the K ing s causes in their ’

court J ames Co ward and J ohn S now were named as

.

overseers of the highway .

A number of the justices were desired to V iew the

R apidan above and below G ermanna for a convenient
place to keep a ferry and to wait on Colonel S potswood
,

to know on what term s he would let such a place , .

Later he agreed that he would let his la nd for a ferry

there for 63 0 poun ds of tobacco with sufficient land ,

for two hands to work but debarred the keeping of

,

tippling houses and hogs running at large and public ,

notice was ord ered of the letting of the ferry and

plantation at a subsequent term and that advertise ,

ments be set up at the churches .

The minutes were signed by Augustine S mith and

attested by H enry Willis Cl Cur a Latin abbrevia . .
,

tion for cleri cu s cu ri ae clerk of the court which attes

, ,
’
t at io n was continued throughout his and his successor s
 OR G A N IZ A TIO N OF T HE CO U N T Y 2 9

terms and then abandon e d S imilarly they always

, .
,

endorsed indictments fo und Vera B illa a true bill , , .

At the next term many constables and surveyors of

the highway were appointed among the latter Chris ,

“
t o p h er Z immerman from the German R oad to ,

Potatoe Run J ohn H oward from the Chapple Ro ad ,

to the R apidan Cave s Ford ; J ohn Garth from the ’

,
”
fork of Elk Run to S taunton s R iver as the north ’

branch of the R apidan was th e n called ; Alexander

“
Waugh from G ermanna Road to Pine S take Benj a
,

“
min Porter from Todd s Branch to mouth of R obin
,
’

son ; Edward H aley from Taliaferro R oad to the ,

“
Tombstone William S mith from the Tombstone to ,

“
the Chapple and J ohn S now from Todd s Path to ’

Chew s M ill
’
I t would be intere sting to designate
.

many of these localities to — da y especially the Tomb ,

stone but the names have nearly all passed out of the
,

pub li c memory .

Three justices who afterwards became famous in

,

F rederick and Augusta qualified at this term : J oist ,

Hite M organ M organ and Benj amin Borden ; and J ohn

, ,

’
Barnett from whom no doubt comes o ur Barnett s
,

Ford of to day was appointed su rveyor of the high

-
,

way from the M ountain Road along M r J ame s Taylor s .

’

”
“
rowling road and thence to the R apidan A rowling .

road was one over which tobacco hogsheads were

rolled to market .

A t Jun e term J ohn M ercer Gent produced in court

, , .
,

a commi ssion from H on William Gooch his M aj esty s .

,
’

li eutenant governor whi ch was approved by the

-
,

Court and the said M ercer admitted accordingly

, .
30 H I S T O RY or ORAN GE CO U N T Y

The first j ury ever impanelled in the County was at

the A ugust term following to try an action for assault ,

and battery between J ames Porteus and J onathan

F ennell alias F enney as follows : Benj amin Porter
, , ,

forema n ; F rancis Browning F rancis Williams J ames , ,

St o dgill Leonard Philli ps William Ri cheson George

, , ,

Head J ohn Conner J ohn Bomer William Bohannon

, , , ,

William Cro sthwait I saac Bletsoe The verdict was

, .

for fift een shillings damages The first grand jury .

appeared in N ovember Robert Cave foreman ; A bra , ,

ham Bletso e Francis Browning William Bryant V il

,
V
, ,

liam Pannill Edward F ranklin Philip Bush A nthony

, , ,

Head Wi lli am K elly Henry D owns J ohn Bransford

, , , ,

D avid Ph illi ps J ohn H oward George A nderson M ark

, , ,

F inks William Carpenter and George Woods

, .

The following minutes seem worthy of notice : in 1 7 3 8 ,

a petition for division of the county by inhabitants of

Sherrando This was effective the same year when
.
,

A ugusta and F rederick counties were formed emb raci ng ,

all of Virginia lying beyond the Blue Ridge But .

A ugusta though fo rmed in 1 7 3 8 did not really organize

, ,

as a separate county until about 1 7 4 5 .

Peti tion of J ohn L ewis and others of Beverle y ,

M anor for a road to the top of the Blue R idge and of

, ,

J o i st H ite who lived in F rederick Co unty for a road

, ,

“ ”
through A shby s bent (gap ) ’
.

O rdered that the County S tandard be removed

,

from the house of Colonel Lightfoot deceased to that , ,

of M aj or Robert S laughter .

I n 1 7 3 9 the road was laid ofi from Beverley M anor ,

beginning at the N orth mountains in A ugusta and , ,

 OR G A N IZ A T IO N OF T HE CO U N T Y 31

ending at the top of the Blue Ridge to the bounds of ,

Go ochland Co u nty now A lbemarle probably Rock

, ,

fish Gap where the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway now

,

crosses .

I n 1 7 4 1 a road was ordered to be opened from Evan

Watkins s ferry by a course of marked trees to the head
’

of F alling S pring and over the Tuscarora branch thence ,

to O pequon Creek thence to S pout Run by the King s

, ,
’

road leading by J oist H ite s to a fall in the same near ’

the S herrando ford and that all t it hab les from the
,

Potomac between O pequon and the mountain this side

the little Cape Capon and many others proceed to , ,

work the same .

Two more roads to show the dimensions of the ,

County : M ay 1 7 4 5 J ames Patton and J ohn Buchanon

, , ,

Ge nt.
,
having viewed the way from Frederick
County line through that part of this Coun ty called
“
A ugusta made their report : Pursuant etc we have
, , .
,

viewed laid off and marked the said road as followeth :

,

to begin at Thom s Brook at F rederick County line

’

thence to Benj amin A llen s ford and Robert Calwell s ’ ’

path thence across B eard s ford on N o rth River and

,
’

A lexander Thompson s ford on M iddle River thence to

’

the Tinkling S pring to Beverley M anor line to Gilbert

, ,

Campbell s ford on north branch of J ames River thence

’

to Cherry Tree bottom on J ames River thence to ,

”
A dam H armon s on the N ew or Wood s River
’ ’
.

“
I n A ugust of the same year : O rdered that George ,

Robin son and S imon A kers vie w the way from the
forks of Roan O ak (Roanoke ) to the gapp over the
moun tains to meet the line of Brun swi ck County and ,

from the Catawba Creek into the said way ”

.
32 HISTO R Y or ORA N GE CO U N T Y

I n 1 7 4 8 Culpeper including all of O range lying

,

between the whole length of the Rapidan and the R ap

p a h a nno c k ri vers was
,
cut o ff and our former,
prin ci
p ali t y is reduced to the dimensions of O range and
Greene of to day
-
.

A n d to dispose of Greene once for all it may be said ,

here that there was angry contention about this dis

m emb errnent with numerous petitions and counter
,

petitions and pro te sts but the separatists finally pre

,

vailed in 1 8 3 8 .

The old Coun ty though S ho rn of her territory has

, ,

never been shorn of her good name ; and her illustrious

off spring who have made her famous and historic were ,

born and reared in the limits of the O range of to day ! -

 C HA P TER I V

T he C o u r t h o u se s .

M r William R obertson s house on Black Walnut

.
’

R un was designate d as t h e place where court should be

,
’
h eld by t he Govern o r s order till the Court could agre e
, ,

upon a place and have the Gov e rnor s approbatio n and

,
’

there the first term was h eld on t h e 2 I st of J anuary ,

1734 (O ld S tyle )
,
.

A t t h e s ame t erm t he sheriff Thoma s Chew was , ,

ordered t o build a pris o n at his plantatio n a lo gg ,

house seven and a half feet pitch six teen lo ng and ten
, ,

wid e of lo gg s six by eight at least clo se laid at top and

, ,

b o ttom with a sufficient plank door stro ng hinge s and

, ,

a go o d lock and that two hundred p o und s of tobacco

,

”
and ca sk be paid him for building the said hou s e .

A debate was had as t o the mo st conv enient place to

build a courthou se The Court divided o ne party for
.
,

t h e centre o f the Co unty and the other fo r th e R accoon

Fo rd then some distanc e higher up the riv er than no w
, ,

eight for t h e f o rm e r and s ix for t h e latte r The ques .

tion was wh eth er the mo uth of the Ro berts on or R ac

coo n Fo rd wa s n earer t h e ce ntre Justic e s S mith Talia, ,

ferro Che w Barbour and Taylor favoring a po int just

, ,

below the mouth of the R o bertson on the south side of

the R apidan M r Lightfoot agre ed that this was
. .

nearest th e centre but insis ted on the n o rth side of the

,
34 HIS TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

R apidan Robert S laughter was in favor of the c e ntre

.
,

when the same S hould be ascertained M es srs F ield . .

,

Green Finlaso n Ball Pollard and Francis S laughter

, , , ,

declined to answer the last question as to the centre , ,

but insisted on Raccoon F ord or thereabouts and the , ,

north side of the river A ll which the Court ord ered .

S hould be pa rticularly represented to the Governor .

At the M arch term ensui ng there was an o rder from

the Governor that some of the justice s attend the
general court and hav e a hearing about placing the
courthouse and they agree to go at their own charges
, .

A t this term al s o the following lette r from Colonel

S potswood was ordered to be recorded :
Wh re as I h av b n d si r d t o d clar u p n what term s I will
e e ee e e e e o

adm it t h e Courthou se o f O ran ge C oun ty t o b e built u p n m y land o

i n ca se t he C om m i i n rs f r p lacin g t h s am s h o ul d j u dge t h
ss o e o e e e

m o t c o n enien t s itu ati on th reo f t o b withi n t h e b o u n d s o f m y

s v e e

Pat ent A n d fo ra m u ch s I m n ot o nly willing t o s atis fy s u ch

. s a a

c ommiss ioners that n b tru ction in th at p oint will a ri s o n m y

o o s e

part b u t am als di p o d t m ake th o e te rm s a i t o t h e

,
o s se o s s a e s e

C unty as c an w ll b e xp e ct d ; I d o the r f re he re by d e clare th at

o ,
e e e e o

I c o ns nt t o t h e b uildin g f a c o u rth o u s p ri s n pill o ry an d s t o ck s

e o e, o ,

o n an y pa rt f m y lan d s n t alre ady le as d o r app ro p riat d ;

o nd o e e a

th at I will c on y in t h e f rm nd m anner w hi ch t h J u tic s o f t h e

ve o a e s e

Coun ty an in r aso n re qui re s u ch a qu a ntity o f land a m ay b e uff

c e s s i

cient fo r s ttin g t h s aid bui lding on with a c n enien t courtyard

e e s ,
o v

th eret o fo r t h y arly ack nowledgment of one p un d o f t bacco

,
e e o o .

A nd m o re o er that I will allo w t o b e tak n gratis o ff m y land ll

v ,
e a

t h e tim b e r r t ne w hi ch s hall b e wa nt d f r e re ctin g a n d re pai r

o s o e o

in g t h e s aid b ui ldings .

Gi en unde r m y h an d at G rm nn a t h e 6t h day f J nu a ry 7 3 4 5
v e a o a 1

A S o rs w o o n . p .

date of this letter would indicate that negot ia

The
tions had been begun with Colonel S potswood before
 T HE CO U R T HO U S E S 35

the formal organization of t he County The records .

disclose no appointment by the court of commissioners

to confer with him .

At the June term 1 7 3 5 Charles Carter and William

, ,

Beverley reported as to the agreement they had been

ordered to make with Colonel S potswood for land to set
th e courthouse on but nothing appears to have com e of
,

it for in C oober 1 7 3 6 a proposal being made where to

, , ,

bui ld it the Court after debate agre ed that it be b ui lt

, , ,

at the place appointed by the commissioners near the

Governor s F ord on the s outh side of the Rapidan
’
.

At the same term application was made to the Governor

for orders to alter the place of holding court from
Black Walnut to M r B ramh am s hou se in D ecember .
’

next it being n e ar where the courth ouse is with all

“
, ,

”
expedition going to be built ,
and n o tice was given ,

that workmen meet at the N ovember term to under

take the building .

A t N ovember after debate where to build the Court

, ,

agreed with J ohn Bramham that he lease twenty acres

of land to build it on for 1 2 0 pounds of tobacco per
“
annum and that the plot should include the con
,
”
v enient e st spring to Cedar I sland ford .

Thomas Chew and Willi am Russell were appointed

to lay off the land and designate the location of t h e
Courthouse .

The next term was accordingly held at B ramh am s

’

house and it was at this location of the courthouse

,

that Peter was decapitated and his head stuck on a

pole and that Eve was burned at the stake as appears
, ,

from the orders publishe d in the text .

36 HISTO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

I n J uly 1 7 3 8 notice was given that at the next term

, ,

the Court would agree with workm en to finish the

courthou se and at the F ebruary term following P e ter
,

Ru s sell was employed to keep the building clean and ,

“
provide candle s and small beer for the J ustic e s ;
so it app ears that it had taken n e arly two years to co m
l
p et e it after work was actually begun A nd it seems .

c ertain that the first re al courthouse owned by the

County was locat e d near t h e pre sent S omerville s F ord ’

and on land no w belo nging to the H um e family .

H enry Willis wa s paid pounds of to bacco for

building the pri son and poun ds for fini shing the
,

courthouse H e took out lice nse t o keep an ordinary

.

there N ovember 1 7 3 9 ,
.

janu ary 1 7 42 3 O rdere d that the S heriff cause the

,
-
.
,
’
lock provided for the j ustices room to be put to t h e
door ; that h e provide glass for the windows of the said
room and cause the windows to be glassed ; and that
,

he cause the tops of the chimneys to b e pulle d do wn

and amended t o prev ent it from s moking .

“
ju ne 1 7 49 The Court judging the present situa
.

tion inconvenient t o t h e inhabitants are of th e opinion

that the court ought to be held near the dividing line of
the lands of Erasmus Taylor and Timothy Cro st hw ait ,

appointe d Benj amin Cave Geo Taylor Taverner , .

,

B e ale Wm Taliaferro J ohn Willis F rancis M oore and

, .
, ,

Henry D o wns or any fi v e of them to meet and agree

, ,

on the most conv enient place for a courthouse with ,

power to agree on the manner thereof and with work ,

men to e rect a pri son pillory and stock s , ,

.
the re Nov ember
, 1 7 39 .
 T HE CO U R T HO U S E S 37

No doubt t he occasi o n of this remo val was the fact

that Culpeper th e n embracing M adison and R appa
,

b annock had b een cut o ff from O range the year before

, ,

leaving th e courthou s e absurdly near the very edge o f

the County .

A proclamation und er the hand of H on Thomas L ee .

,

president of H is M aj esty s Council and Commander in ’

-

Chief o f the Co lony and D ominion of Virginia dated ,

t h e 4 t h inst adjourning the Court from the c o urth o use

.
,

to the house of Timo thy Cro sthwait was read and ,

adj ournment was immediately had to t h e said house

’
till to mo rrow morning at 8 o clock and on th e 2 4t h
-
,

day of N ovemb er 1 7 4 9 Court began its sessio ns at our

, ,

present County seat And it wa s ordered that Th o mas .

,

Chew G eo Taylor and J oseph Thomas provide deeds

, .
,

for two acre s of land from Timothy Cro sthw ait t o

“
build a courthouse o n and that th ey lay o ff the prison ,

”
bounds .

1 751 ,
A u gu s t O rdered that workmen be engaged
.
,

to build an addition to the courthouse fo r the justices ’

room sixteen feet by twelve S eptember : Cro st hwait

, .

agreed to make a deed for the t wo acres wh ereon the

courthouse and prison are now built for five shillings , .

M ay 3 0 1 7 5 2 N ote that now the year b egins on

, .

J anuary I st and not M arch 2 st h as hereto fore Court

, .

agreed wi th Charles Curtis builder of the courthouse , ,

to receive the same and to allow him £ 7 2 as a full

reward for the same he having already received 3 2 , ,

equal in all to about $53 50 The first term of the court .

in this building was held J uly 6th 1 7 5 2 and this was , ,

”
the building next preceding t he old courtho u se
“
38 HI S TO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

standing to day and remodeled into the storerooms

-
,

occupied as drug and hardware stores facing the rail ,

road .

1 7 5 4 A n addition ordered to the courthouse twenty

.

“
feet long same pitch and wi dth as the building
, to ,
”
have a brick chimney and be according to dimensions ,

to be indicated by Thos Chew Wm Taliaferro and .

, .
,

J ames M adison .

1 7 64 Prison repaired ; iron grating and iron spancel

.
,

and chain ordered .

1 7 68 Pillory and stocks ordered and extensive

.
,

repairs to the courthouse .

’
1 7 87 Court received prison on the undertaker s
.

double ceil ing the walls with one and a half inch oak
plank inside to be nailed on with a proportion of
,

2 o penny nails
-
.

1 7 99 O rdered that the sheriff make known by

.

advertisement and proclamation that proposals will be

received by the Court for buildin g a new courthouse
where the present one stands .

1 8 01 Robt Taylor F rancis Cowherd Robt T

. .
, , . .

M oore and J ohn Taylor appointed commissioners to let

,

building of an offi ce 1 6 wide 2 0 long and 1 0 pitch of , , ,

brick .

1 8 02 The three last named with D abney M in or and

.
,

William Q uarles appo inted commissioners to have laid

,

o ff by Pierce S andford two acres of ground at this place

on which to erect the pub li c buildin gs and that Robt , .

Taylor be appointed to let the bui lding of the o ffi ce

formerly ordered 2 4 feet long 1 6 wide and 1 0 feet , , ,
’
pitch This was probably the old clerk s offi ce in rear
.

of the Bank of O range .

 T HE CO U R T HO U S E S 39

1 8 02 A pri l O rdered
, .
,
that the bui lding of the court
house and o ffice be let at the same time and either ,

publi cly or privately .

1 8 04 M a rch Commissioners
,
appointed to V iew
.

courthouse and office and receive or condemn same , ,

or make any compromise as to deductions which the

un dertakers may be willing to agree to A t the A pril .

term this item appears in the Coun ty levy : To balance

for building new courthouse and o ffice includin g addi ,

t io nal work and painting $ 2 This is the , ,

building now standing and facing the railroad as above ,

referred to .

ju ly Commissioners appointe d to s ell the old court

.

house and o ffice and apply proceeds to e nclosing the

public lot with post and rail fence in a strong and
neat mann er and to building pillory stocks and whip
, , ,

ping post .

1 83 6 J ail ordered built

. and probably completed ,

within the year This j ail stood nearly in front of the

.

old courthouse as it now is and just across the railroad ,

from it .

I n 1 8 52 the L egi slature authorized the County

Court to sell all or a part of the then public lot and ,

apply the proceeds of sale to the purchas e of another

lot on which to erect a new courthouse and any build
,

ing proper to be attached thereto .

The site on which the present courthouse stands ,

‘‘
known as the O ld Tavern lot was obtain ed by exchange ,

and the edifice constructed thereon after the plans of a

’
paid architect is not a very good one The clerk s offi ce
, .
40 H ISTO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

re mained for many years on the old lot the Board of ,

S upervisors neglecting all appeals for a fireproof

building .

F inally on the mo tion of the writer a rule was

, ,

i s sued against them by the Co urt to shew caus e for no t

complying with the statute requiring a fireproof build
in g for the public re cords and they proce e ded at once ,

to build the little structure now k nown as t he clerk s ’

o ffice which if fireproof is als o convenience proof and

, ,

a reproach t o the County I t was co mpleted in 1 8 94 . .

The pre s ent j ail wa s built n early on t he site of the firs t ,

Bapti st church in the town in 1 8 9 1 , .

I n J anuary 1 8 3 2 a petitio n numerously sign e d was

, ,

presented t o the L egislature asking for authority to

organize a lo ttery to raise to pave ro ads in
”
C o urthouse Village Among the signers were Rey .

no ld s Chapman J ames B M o o re J o s eph Hid en Lewis

, .
, ,

B Williams Thos A R obinson M a nn A Page J ohn

.
, . .
, .
,

Wo olfolk Philip S F ry Wm B Taylor Geo P Brent

, .
, . .
, . .
,

Richard M Chapman Peyton Grymes J ohn H L ee

.
, , .
,

and many o thers The A ct authorizing the lottery .

was duly passe d and M e s srs Woolfo lk Willi ams , .

, ,

Richard Chapman Hiden and J ame s G B lakey named , , .

therein as commissioners to conduct the same N othing .

appears to have come of it and the streets were ,

first paved or macadamized by the A rmy of N orthern

, ,

Virginia in the winter of 1 8 63 64 as a military necessity -

, .

The village was first incorporated in 1 8 3 4 as the ,

Town of O range with J ames S hepherd Richard Raw , ,

lings Richard M Chapman Garland Ballard A lbert

, .
, ,

N ichols S amuel D inkle and M ann A Page as trustees

,
. .
 THE CO U R T HO U S E S 41

The charter was repealed some years later the peti

,

t io ners for the rep e al asserting that it had remained a

dead lette r I t was again incorporated in 1 8 5 5 but
.
,

seems not to have assumed any special municipal

functions un til the present charter of 1 8 96 was passed
by the Legislature .
 C HA P TER V .

T he C o l o ni a l C h u r c h e s .

There appear to have been four S tate Churches in

O range in colonial tim es the first at G ermanna built
, ,

under the direction of Governor S potswood about 1 7 2 4

with the fund of five hundred pounds appropriated for
that and other purposes when S potsylvania was formed .

The next O ldest was in the Brooking neighborhood

near (old ) Cave s ford about three miles northwest of
’

S omerset and was later removed t o the vicinity of

,

Ruckersville Capt M ay Burton a Revolutionary

. .
,

o ffi cer was long a lay reader there

, .

“
I n Bishop M eade s O ld Churches and F amilies of
’

”
Virginia is a chapter by R ev J oseph Earnest who .
,

was for some years rector of the church at O range ,

about the early churches in the Coun ty While his .

information was not exact this chapt er is the most

,

valuable account of them now obtainable H e nar .

rates that he had been told that the second oldest

church was frequented as a place of worship as early as
1723,
which is manifestly an error M ost probably .

it was built about 1 7 40 when S t Thomas Parish was .

cut o ff from S t M ark . .

The M iddle or Brick church stood on the h ill

,
“
, ,

n e ar where the Pamunkey road crosses Church Run .

42
 T HE CO L NIAL
O CHU R C HE S 43

I t was built between 1 7 50 and 1 7 58 of durable materials ,

and as late as 1 8 0 6 time had made little impression on

“
it O ne of the first eff ects of the freedom of worship
.

and the practical confiscation of the glebes and church

’
properties was that the people s consciences became
,

“
very free also to do as they pleased wi th the church
belongings .

This church was actually and literally destroyed the ,

very bricks carried off and the altar pieces torn from
the altar and attached t o pieces of household furniture .

The ancient communion plate a massive silver cup and

,

paten with the name of the parish engraved on it

, ,

came to be regarded as common property Portu .

nat ely by the exercise of vigilance the plate was rescued ,

and is now in possession of S t Thomas Church at .

O range .

N or did the despoilers overlook the churchyard

when the work of destruction began Tombstones .

were broken down and carried off to be appropriated to

unhallowed uses The Rev M ungo M arshall of hal
. .
,

lowed memory rector from 1 7 53 to 1 7 58 was buried

, ,

there but his grave was left unmarked Years afterward

, .

a connection of his bequeathed a sum of money upon

condition that the legatee should not receive it until he
had placed a tombstone over M r M arshall s grave .
’

which condition was soon fulfilled That slab was .

taken away and used first to gr ind paints upon and ,

afterwards in a tannery on which to dress hides !

What an inj ury was done to the history of the County
in the destruction of the many tombstones there ! for
not a vestige remains of church or churchyard .
44 HI S TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

At a m eting of t h e ve s try of the parish S ept 1 1 7 69

e .
, ,

there were present : R ev Thomas M arti n Erasmus .

,

Taylor J ames M adison A lexand e r Waugh F rancis

, , ,

M oore William B ell Rowland Thomas Thomas B ell

, , , ,

R ichard Barbour and William M oore , .

I n 1 7 8 6 the congregation in O range th e re b eing no ,

Epi s c o pal clergyman in the County engage d the s erv ,

ic e s o f J ames Wadd e l the blind Presbyterian ministe r , ,

to pre ach for the m two years F orty p o unds were .

s ubscrib e d and the subscription was expected t o re ach

,

sixty pound s H e not Only preached for them but also

.

administered the S acrament of the Lord s S upp er ’

.

The Pin e S take Church supposed to have been built ,

about t he same time as the last was several miles below ,

Hawfi eld and about a mile and a half east of Ever

,

ona n ear t he road to old Ve rdiersville I t was stand

, .

”
ing in 1 8 1 3 D uring the R evolution Parson L eland
.
“
,

as he was called a Bapti st preacher who is referred to

,

at length elsewhere a sked to preach there which the , ,

vestry d e clined to permit J ames M adison th e eld er , , ,

writing the letter for them .

Th e principal familie s connected with the Church in

colonial times were the Barbours B ells Burton s , , ,

Campbells Caves Chews Conways D aniels M adi s ons

, , , , , ,

M oores Ruckers S heph erds S cotts Taylo rs Talia

, , , , ,

ferros Thomases Waughs Whites and Willises

, , , ,
.

The glebe farm was near the courthouse and is now ,

own ed by M r Wamb ersie . .

I n 1 7 3 9 J ohn B e cket clerk a synonym for clergy , ,

man was presented for not giving his attendance

,
 T HE CO L NIAL
O CHU R C HE S 45

acco rding to law and for not admin istering the S acra
,

ment of the Lord s S upp er at his chapel in S t M ark

’
.

Pari sh The presentment was dismi ss ed

. .

I n 1 7 4 1 Rev R ichard H art s well of the Pari sh of S t

. .

Thomas lately cut o ff from S t M ark was pre se nted for

, .
,

being drunk o n the info rmatio n of one Tully J oice who

had been pre se nted the same day for sweari ng an oath ,

thus indicating spite work as the pre s entment was

,

promptly dismissed .

A s early as 1 7 63 on motion of J ames M adiso n the

, ,

loss of t wo duplicate bills of exchange was ordered

recorded Th e se bill s represente d a subscription of
.

“
twenty fi v e p o unds sterling t o t h e S ociety for the
-

”
Pro pagation of t h e G o spel in Fo reign Parts and ,

S how h o w soon missionary work was begun in O range .

 C HA P TER VI .

O t h e r O ld C h u r c h e s— T he D i sse nt e rs .

I n a County where so many denominations exist ,

prudence impels s trict adherence to the records in

narrating their history .

When the Coun ty was formed and until the end of

the R evolution the Church of England was the Estab
,

lished or S tate Church and church matters were regu

,

“ ”
lated by laws passed by the General A ssembly or
law making power Thus it was the civil authorities
-
.
,

mostly composed of S tate Churchmen however , ,

not the church authorities which enforced the law ;

,

and if this fact had always been borne in mind it i s

lik ely that much polemical asperity and recrimination
might have been avo ided .

The ecclesiastical regulations of those days would be

deemed tyrannical and oppressive in these but they ,

applied alike to all citizens The laws compelled

.

everybody to attend religious worship and numerous ,

were the fines imposed with great impartiality on per

sons for absenting themselves from the parish church ;
Churchmen as well as dissenters At one period 1 690
.
,

to 1 7 2 0 the law was that if the fi ne was not paid the

, ,

off ender should be imprisoned and even receive corporal

punishment ; so it seems that it was not di ssenters
pa s sed
.
 OTH
E R OLD CHU R C HE s — T HE D I S S E N TE R S 47

only who were persecuted And as early as 1 7 1 4 the

.
, ,

German Protestants at G ermanna were exempted by

statute from paying parish levies and authorized to ,

employ a minister of their own faith .

A special chapter has been dev o ted to the colonial

churche s of t h e e s tabli shment : o nly four others appear
“
to have existed in colonial time s ; H e bron the ,

“
Luth eran Church in M adison built in 1 7 4 0 ; the church
,

”
of the blind preach er J ames Waddel (for so he spelled
,

“ ” “ ”
his o wn name ) ; old Blue Ru n and Pamunkey I n .

“
those days thes e were al ways spoke n of as M eeting
”
H ou s es even in the records
, .

O f these in O range County old Blue Run situated , ,

about midway b etwe en Liberty M ills and Barbours

ville is p ro b ab lv t h e oldest I t was co nstituted in
, .

“
1 7 69 by the
,
S eparate Baptists E lij ah Craig being the ,

first pastor A s early as 1 7 7 4 there is record of a

.

“
motion by Z achary Burnley to turn the road that leads
‘ ”
from the M eeting H ouse down to Blue Run bridge ;
’

and there is still standing near the church what appears

to be an indestructible ston e vault of the Webb family ,

erected in 1 7 8 3 S ince the war the old wood e n edifice

.
, ,

still in excellent preservation has been turned over to ,

the negroes the Baptist congregation having erecte d

,

a new building near S omerset .

I t is not known when the Presbyterian Church of

the blind preacher rendered memorable by William
,

“ ”
Wirt in the British S py was built but it was cer
, , ,

t ainly one of the earlier churches of the county It .

stood on the north side of the O range highway ,

about a half mile north east of Gordonsville : prop er

48 HIS TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

appreciation of its historical associations would insure

a p erm anant marking of th e site while it is yet remem
bered .

I n the heyday of the S ons of Temperance 1 8 50 ,

56 the historic o ld building was taken down and the

,

lumber used to build a temperance hall at Gord o ns

ville which afte r t he war was used for some years as
,

a schoolhouse F inally it wa s condemn e d that a

.

street might be opened and the material was bought

,

by a n egro preach er who re conv e rted in into anoth e r

,

s tructure a fate as pathetic as that of old Blue Ru n ;

,

for so we treat our historic treasures having so many ! ,

A n d it may as well be recorded here that an old

“
Baptist church known as Z ion M eeting H ouse which ,

stood about two miles south of O range courthouse on ,

the Gordonsville road was aband o ned for a new ,

church at To dds b ert h shortly befo re the war the ,

l umber of which was sold and put into new buildings

at the courthouse one of which was for years used
,

as a barroom !
N orth Pamun ke y is anoth er Baptist church edifice
of historic as s ociation It wa s organized in 1 7 7 4 by
'

A aro n B le ds o e and E Craig with twenty memb ers

. .

A aro n Bled s oe wa s it s firs t pa s tor and its o riginal name

was N o rth F ork of Pamunkey from the stream nearby ,
.

I n 1 7 9 2 the membership w as about three hundred and

fifty and it was used as a place of worship for thirty
,

seven years before b eing h e ated in any way .

The pres ent e dific e practically on the site of the

,

old log structure the fourth on the same site was com
, ,

p let ed in 1 8 4 9 .
 OTH E R OLD CHU R C HE s — D I SSE N TE RS 49

M od ern churche s ab o und almost to the impov e rish ,

ment of preach ers At G o rdonsville the whites have

.

s ix church e s and a chap e l the n egro e s several ; the ,

wh ites have four at O range ; at and near S om erset

there are three at Barboursville three ; at and n e ar
,

Unionville s ev eral ; and the county is dotted with

th em fro m end t o end the whites having thirty t w o ,
-

in all the negroe s s ev enteen

,
.

S aint Thomas at the Courthous e wa s fre quently

, ,

attended during the war by Ge n erals Le e S tuart and , ,

o ther Confederate o fficers of distinction ; and N ew Z ion ,

at To dds b ert h was occupie d as a sho e shop in the

,

winte r of 1 8 63 —4 General M ah o n e bought up all t he

.

le ather that he could d etailed all the sh o emakers of his

,

division and took p o s s e s sion of the church To his

, .

and their cre dit no injury was done to th e church and

, ,

when the campaign open ed in the spring his command ,

was well shod .

The followi ng items are condensed from the ord er

boo ks I n 1 7 3 7 William Williams Ge nt a Presby
.
, .
,

terian minister took the oaths subscribed the t e st

, , ,

and likewi s e a declaration of his approval of such of

the thirty nine articles of religion as is require d and
-
,

certified his intention of holding his meetings at his

own plantation and that of M organ Bryan .

Subsequent records show him to have been very

litigious and at odds with very many people for sundry
years H e brought suit at one time against nearly
.

one hundred persons fo r damages for a certain scandal

,

ous paper reflecting on him but recovered nothing , ,

though som e of th e signers did retract .

so HISTO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

H ere i s a very curi ous order of 1 7 68 :

“
E li jah M orton is discontinued the Court conceiving ,

him to be an unfit person to act as J ustice of the Peace ,

”
for that in a plea of debt he declined when requested ,

by J ames M adison to make a quorum to try the cause ,

because one of the parties told him he did not wish it to

be tried at that term ; and yet when said M adison and
Z achariah Bu m ley went into court and made a quorum
the said M orton ascended the bench and sat in the
” “
cause ; and for that the order concludes the said
, ,

M orton is a promoter of schisms and particularly of

the sect called A nabaptists !
I n 1 7 7 3 J oseph S pencer being brought before the
,

court by a warrant under the hand of Rowland

Thomas Ge nt for a breach of his good behavior in
, .
,

teaching and preaching the gospel as a Baptist not

hav ing a license ; and it appearing that he did teach
and preach as aforesaid he at the same time insisting
,

that he decent ed [dissented ] from the principles of an

A nabaptist ; ordered that he be committed to the
,

custody of the sheriff until he give bond conditioned

not to teach or preach without first obtaining a license
as the law directs Bond was required in a penalty
.

of one hundred pounds and he was allowed the li berty

,

of the prison bounds on giving security .

A t the next term leave was given him to live in the

courthouse he indemnifying the County against loss
, ,

and on his petiti on his bond was reduced to twenty

,

pounds and William M orton and J onathan D avis

,
.

became his su reties for his good behavior .

 O TH ER O LD —
CHU R C HE s T HE D I S SE N TE R S 51

I n 1 7 8 1 Elij ah Craig and N athaniel S anders dissent ,

ing Baptist ministers recommended by the elders of

their soci ety were licensed to perform the marriage
,

ceremony .

These are the only items of note in the records as

to the treatment of dissenters by the Court .
 C HA P TER VII .

I n d i an A n ti
qu i ti e s .

There is a notable I ndian M ound near the Gree ne

line The following d escription of it is conden s ed
.

from a special report of t he U nited S tates Bureau of

Ethn o logy in 1 8 94 :
“
The country alo ng the upper portion of t h e Rappa
hanno ck and its tributaries was inhabited by tribes
known collectively as the Manaho a c They probably .

migrated westward and unite d with tribes beyond the

Ohio whose name s th e y took They and the M onacan
.

were alli e d against t h e Powhatan .

“
I t will be proper to describe h ere a mound evidently ,

a tribal burial place situate d in the former te rritory of

,

the Manah oac and due probably to their labor

, .

The mound stands on t h e right bank o f R apidan

river a mile ea st of the boundary b e twe e n O range and
,

Greene O riginally it was elliptical in form with the

.
,

longer axis nearly east and west ; but the river in shift
ing its channel some years ago undermined and car ,

rie d away the eastern portion probably fro m one half

,
-

to two thirds o f the e ntire s tructure F or sev eral

-
.

years s ome of the earth fell in at every freshet thus

, ,

ke eping a vertica l section exposed to V ie w The diff er .

ent strata of bone were plainly visible and wh e n the ,

 IN D I A N AN T I Q U I T I ES .
53

water was low fragments of human bones were strewn

along the shore beneath The river shifted again and .
,

the mound soon a s sumed its natural S hape At present .

the ba s e measures 4 2 by 4 8 feet with the lo nger axi s ,

nearly north and s outh A con siderable part of it has

.

been hauled away leaving a d epre ssion at t he middle

,

fully 2 0 feet across and extending alm ost to the bottom

of the mound A s a result the interior was v erv
.
,

muddy the bones extremely soft and fragmentary

, ,

and excavation difficult .

The highe st point left by these de structive agencies

was six feet ; the river had probably left it fully ten
feet high I f the s tatements concerning it s original
.

form and extent b e correct the apex was at least twelve ,

fe et abov e the base the latter being not less than 50 by

,

7 5 fe et
.

“
The earth was removed from an area 2 8 by 4 0 feet .

At seven feet was found the outer edge of a bone deposit

measuring 6 by 1 5 feet There were indications in .

several plac e s that skeletons had been compactly

bundled but most of the bones were scattered promis
,

cu ou sly as if they had be e n collected from some place

,

of previous interment and carele ssly thrown in there ,

being no evid ence of an attempt to place them in

proper ord er I n the mass were two small deposits of
.

calcined human bones and ben eath it were graves or

,

burial pit s .

This bon e bed which was at the level of the natural

,

surface was the largest found Two feet above it and

, .
,

four fe et within its outer margin was another much , ,

smaller ; and numerous others were found in all the

54 HISTOR Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

portion removed There was no attempt at regularity in

.

position or extent ; in some places only such a trace as

may have resulted from the decomposition of a few
bones ; in others as many as fifteen or twenty S keletons
,

may have been deposited They occurred at all levels

.

below a foot from the upper surface of the mound but ,

no s e ction Showed more than four layers above the

original surface of the ground though it was reported
,

that six strata had been foun d near the central portion ,

which would indicate that the burials were carried

nearly to the top of the mound .

“
I n the skeletons all ages were represented for ,

among the bones were those of ve ry youn g children ,

while of others manv of the teeth were worn to the

neck .

“
N umerous small deposits of human bones almost ,

destroyed by fire were scattered through the mound

,
.

The bones in some of the graves appeared to have been

placed in th e ir proper position but it was impossible
,

to ascertain this wi th certainty O ne of the deeper .

pits had its bottom li ned with charcoal ; none of the

others had even this slight evidence of care or re spect .

N o relics of any kind were deposited with t he bones ;

a rough mortar two arrowheads and some fragments
, ,

of pottery were found loose in the debris .

“
I t is plain that this spot was for a long period the
burial place of a small tribe or clan among whom pre ,

vailed the habit of stripping the flesh from the corpse

before interm ent or of depositing the body elsewhere
,

for a time and afterwards removing the bones to this

ossuary That no stated intervals elapsed between
.
 IN D I A N AN T IQ U I T I ES 55

consecutive deposits is shown by the varying position

and size among t he diff ere nt bone beds and by the ,

overlapping of many of t he graves beneath .

I t is impos sible accurately to estimate the number

of skeletons found ; certainly not fewer than 2 00 ,

possibly 2 50 which figure s represent approximately

,

one — fourth of the number deposited if the statements

,

as to the original size of t he mound be correct .

I n its con s truction this mound corresponds closely

with one opened by Je ff erson on the Rivanna a few ,

mile s above Charlotte sville The contents were such

as on the whole to give the idea of bones e mptied
promiscuo u sly from a bag or ba sket and cov ered wi th
’
e arth without any attention to their order
,
That the .

bones near the top were in a better state of pre se rvation

than those towards the bott o m is due probably less to
th eir being of much later deposit than to the drynes s
of the earth near the top A party of I ndians passing
.

ab o ut 1 7 5 1 where this barrow is near Charlottesville

, ,

went through the woods directly to it without any ,

instructions or inquiry and having staid about it some

,

time with expressions construed to be those of sorrow

, ,

returned to the high road which they had left about six
,

miles to pay this visit and pursued their j ourney

,

F or a fuller account the reader is referred to a

pamphlet of the S mithsonian I nstitution entitled , ,

A rch aeologic I nvestigations in the J ames and Poto

”
mac Valleys .

A s so little is known about the I ndians who once

inh ab it at ed this section it has been thought worth
,
5 6 HI S TO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

while to transcribe the few orders relating to them

mad e by the county court .

In 1 7 3 0 William Bohann o n cam e into court and

,

made oath that ab o ut twenty six of the Sap o ny I ndians -

that inhabit Co lo nel S pot swo od s land in Fox s neck ’ ’

go about and do a great deal of mischief by firing the

woods ; more e sp e cially on t he 1 7 th day of April la st
whe reby s everal farro ws of pigs were burnt in their
beds and that h e v e rily believes that o ne o f the I ndians
,

shot at him the same day the bulle t e nte ring a tre e
,

within four feet o f him ; that he saw t h e I ndian about

one hundred yards from him and no game of any sort ,

between them ; that the I ndian after firing his gun

stood in a stooping manner very studdy [steady] so
that he could hardly discern him fro m a stump that he ,

has lost more of his pigs than usual S ince the coming of
the s aid I ndian s ; which is ord ered to be certified to the
”
General A ss embly .

1 7 42 S undry I ndians among the m Maninca ssa

.
, ,

Captain Tom Blind Tom F ooli sh Z ack and Little

, , ,
“
Z ack were before Court fo r terrifying one Lawrence
,

S trothe r who testified that one of them shot at him that

, ,

they tried to surround him that he turn e d his horse ,

and rid o ff but they gain e d on him till he crossed the

,

ru n .O rdered that the I ndians be take n into custody

,

by the sheriff until they give peace bonds with s ecurity ,

and that their guns be taken from them until they are
ready to depart out of this Colony they having declared ,

their intention to depart within a we ek They gave .

bond .

There is no record extant of any I ndian massacre ,

large or small in the original limits of the County east

,

of the Blue Ridge .

 IN D I A N AN T I Q U I T I ES .
57

The Tomahawk branch which cro sse s the Gordons

,

ville road about a mile and a half south of the court

house is a pre served I ndian name one of the very few
, ,

in the Coun ty I t was here that t he organization

.

known as the Culpeper M inute M en camped when

first on their way to j oin the army of the R evolution .

“
( S laughter s S t M ark s
’ ’
. .
 C HA P TER VIII .

Fr e nc h an d I n d i an War s.

I f O range as a County ever sent an organized com

mand to any of the F rench and I ndian Wars no record
of it has been foun d The reco rds do di s clo s e that
.

sundry of her citizens participated in these wars but in ,

every instance in a company or regiment from some

other county ; the names of but few appear in the
—
record among them that of A m brose Po well ances ,

tor of Gen A P H ill who rose to the dignity of a

.
—. .

commission during all the years that the s e wars were

waged .

Therefore any detailed account of the s e wars wo uld

,

be out of place here and only such facts will be narrated

,

as may throw some light on the se rvices of citize ns who

did participate in them .

I n 1 7 58 an expedition the second one was set on

, ,

foot for the capture of F ort D uquesne (the modern ,

Pi ttsburg then believed to be in the limits of A ugusta

,

Coun ty ) under General F orbes a Briti sh offi cer

, , .

Washington was commander of the Virginia troops

which consisted of two regiments his own and C01 , .

William B yrd s about two thousand men in all A

_
’
, .

Co lonel Bouquet of Penn sylvania commanded the

, ,

advanced division of the army and Captain H ogg of , ,

A ugusta had a company in V ashingt o n s regiment

V ’

, .

58
 FR E N CH A ND IN D IA N WARS .
59

The fort was fi n ally capture d but the loss in Washing ,

ton s regime nt alone was 6 offi cers and 62 privates

’
.

Colonel Byrd was of the We stover family an ances ,

tor o i the Willises of O range The Captain Ov erton .

referred to in the extracts following was from H anover , ,

but he was in an earlier expedition in 1 7 5 5 H is com .

’
pany was the first organized in Virginia after Braddock s
defeat and the great Presbyteri an preacher R ev
, ,
.

S amuel D avies addressed it by request on the eve of

,

its departure for the frontiers The history of these .

wars is narrated at large in Waddell s A nnals o f/ ’

Augusta Co unty second edition” and in Withers s

, , _ ,
’

Chronicles of Border Warfare The order books .

S how as follows :

A u gu s t 1 7 7 9 D avid Thomp s on soldier in Captain

, .
,

Hogg s R angers 1 7 58 ; s ergeant in Colon e l Bouquet s

’

,
’

regiment in 1 7 64 .

J acob Williams and J acob Crost hwait in Colonel ,

Byrd s regiment 1 7 58
’

, .

S eptemb er Term B e nj amin Powell sergeant Thomas.

, ,

F itzgerald and J ohn Williams soldiers in Colonel , ,

Byrd s regiment 1 7 58
’
, .

I saac Cro st hwait Thomas Walk er CharleS Walk er , M ,

‘

in H ogg s rangers
’
.

Octob er D aniel Mc Clayland Colonel Byrd s re gi

’
.
,

ment 1 7 59 William Vawter sergeant J ohn F urnes

, .
, , ,

( Furnace) H ogg s rangers

’
.
,

J ames Cowh erd ensign Colon e l Bouquet s regiment ;

, ,
’

William Bullock and William R ogers in Colonel Wa sh ,

ingt on s re gime nt 1 7 58 ; F rancis H ackley J ohn Lucas

’

, , ,

Thomas P o well Richard Lamb J ohn Lamb J ames

, , ,
60 HI S TO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

Gain e s Thomas M orris Charles Pearcey William

, , ,

C ave soldiers and M ichael Ric e sergeant in Colonel

, , , ,
’
Byrd s regiment .

H enry Shackl eford H enry H erve y J o hn Warner , , ,

S imon Powell s o ldiers and J ame s Riddle non com

, , ,
-

missioned H ogg s rangers ,

’
.

1 7 8 0 William Brock in Colonel S t e phen s regiment

’
.
, ,

1 7 62 Colon e l A dam S tephen was probably from

.

F re d erick County wh ere S tephensburg is named for ,

hi m .

Patrick F i sher Lit t le b erry Low William Lamb , , ,

D avid Watts Charles Watts J ames Lamb soldiers

, , , ,

William Cave non co mmissioned in Colonel Byrd s

,
-
,
’

“
regiment ; William Watson in Captain O verton s ,
’

company of regulars for defe nce of this S tate in 1 7 5 5 , .

William S ims and F rancis Gibbs in H o gg s rangers ; ,

’

“
J ames R o bert s in Captain Wagoner s company of
,
’

”
regulars for defense o f thi s S tate I 7 57 ; Ambrose , .

Powell Gent staff o ffic er in Virginia fo rces 1 7 5 5

,
.
, , .

William S mith Captain H ogg s rangers ,

’
.

I n Thwait e s s e dition of Withers it is s aid t hat Col

’
.

William Russell at o ne time high sheriff of O range did

, ,

some fro ntier service in the e arly part of th ese wars and ,

in 1 7 53 was sent as a commissioner to the I ndians in t h e ”

region where Pittsburg now s tand s Hi s son of the .

,

same name was at t h e battle of Point Pleasant ; was

,

second in comm and at K ing s M ountain and retired at

’

the end of the R evoluti o n as brevet brigadier general -

.

The records in th e L and Offi ce at Richmond show

that the following O range people received b ou nf y land
for service in these wars Their names are also listed .
 FRE N CH A ND I D N IAN WA R S . 61

in Cro zier s Virginia Colonial M ilitia : J ac o b Cros

’

thwait F rancis Gibbs William S mith William Brock

, , , ,

William R ogers Richard Bullard J ames Gaines

, , ,

M ich a el Rice J o hn Lamb Richard Lamb William Cav e

, , , ,

J ame s R iddle Thomas M o rris J ohn Furnace D avid

, , ,

T h o mpson I saac Cro s t hw ait William Vaughan A m

, , ,

bro s e Powell Lit t leb erry Lan e H enry S h ackleford

, , ,

Patrick Fi sher Charles Watts S imon Powell D avid

, , ,

Watts .

F rancis Cowherd long known as M aj or Cowherd , ,

wh o was a justic e of the peace and high sheriff of

O range after the R evolution and who attained the
rank of captain in the Revolutionary army was a sol ,

dier in Colo n el Fi eld s regim ent at t he battle of P o int

’

“
Pleasant H is home O ak H ill is about two miles
.
, ,

northeast of Go rdonsville and is still owne d by his ,

de s c endant s Just b efo re t h e battle h e and a comrade

.
-

name d Clay were out hunting a little di stance apart , ,

and came near to where two I ndians were concealed .

S eeing Clay only and supposing him t o b e alone one of

, ,

them fired at him ; and running up to scalp him a s he

fell was himse lf shot by Co wherd who was about a hun
, ,

dred yards o ff The other I ndian ran o ff

.
(Wit h ers s .
’

Chronicles ) .

An o ther anecdote related by his cotemporaries is ,

that in the battle of Point Pleasant Cowh erd was

b ehind a tre e fighting in I ndian warfare fashion when
, ,

Colonel F ield ran up t o the same tree H e o ff ered to .

s e ek another but the Colonel commanded him to

,

remain wh ere he was saying it was his tre e and that he, ,

wou ld go to another I n mak ing his way to it he was

'

.
62 HISTO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

killed by the I ndians greatly lamented by the army

, .

H e was of the Culpeper family of F ield was a ,

lieutenant of a company from that county at Brad

’
dock s defeat and was greatly distinguished as an
,

I ndian fighter (S ee again Withers s Chronicles )

.
’
.

M ention is made of the Chew brothers distinguished ,

in these wars in the Biographical S ketches

, .

H ancock Taylor a brother of Colonel R ichard

, ,

father of the President was ki lled by the I ndians in

,

K entucky in 1 7 7 4 .

There is a s o called patriotic association known

-
,

“
as the S ociety of Colonial Wars and descendants of ,

those who participated in the F rench and I ndian wars

are eligible to membership therein .
 C HA P TER IX .

O ra ng e in t he Re v o l u t i o n
“

The part the County took in the R ev o lution must be

exhibited rather in details than by a connected narra
tive.

The royalist Governor Lord D u nmore often pro

, ,

—
rogued that is dissolved— the Burgesses from 1 7 7 3 to
,

1 7 7 6 for what he considered their contumacious atti

,

tude towards the Crown The Burgesses instead of

.
,

going to their several homes as he expected began in

, ,

1 7 7 4 to ass e mble at the R aleigh Tavern at Williamsburg, ,

then the capital and form themselves into revolution

,

ary conventions— o ne or more in 1 7 7 4 two in 1 7 7 5 in , ,

all of which O range was represented by Thomas Bar

bour and J ames Taylor ; and fi n ally into the world
famous Convention of 1 7 7 6 in which J ames M adison J r
, , .

and William M oore were the delegates from the County .

S o odious did the name of D unmore become that a

county named for him once in the domain of O range
, ,

lost its identity under that name and was re christened

,
-

S henandoah .

While these conventions were being held the people

at home became greatly aroused and began to organi z e
for a confli ct that seemed inevitable by choosing ,

committees of s afety putting the militia on a war

,
64 H I S TO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

footing and selecting from them for regular training ,

and discipline th e more active and resolute called ,

“
M inute M en .

By an ordinance of the Conve ntion of 1 7 7 5 the colony ,

was divided into eighteen districts one of which con ,

sisted of the co unties of O range Culpeper and Fau , ,

quier ; each district was required to e nlist a battalion of

500 men in 1 0 companies of 50 each with the requisite ,

o fficers a colonel lieutenant colonel and maj or 1 0

, ,
-
, ,

captains and lieutenants a chaplain surgeon etc , , , .

The first organization from this district appears to

“
have been designated The Culpeper M inute M en ,

suppos e dly because Culpep er was t h e middle county ;

for it is certain that L awrence Taliaferro of O range was ,

its first colo nel .

I t participated in the battle of Great Bridge the ,

first battle of the R evolution fought o n Virginia soil in ,

D ecember 1 7 7 5 and was then commanded by S tevens

, , ,

afterwards General S tevens of Culpeper , .

The committee s of safe ty were very great factors in

the war and re ally co n s tituted a sort of military execu
,

tive in each county .

I t is not t o be doubted that each committee kept a

formal record of its proceedings which would furnish ,

invaluable hi storical data ; but very few complete

records have b een found in any of t he counti e s and ,

practically all that are preserved are in t h e fourth series

of Peter F orce s A merican Archive s published by order
’

of Congress and now become quite rare

, .

The following extracts copied from these A rchives

, ,

are beli ev e d to be the whole record of the O range com

m itt ee that has been preserved :
 OR A NG E IN T HE R E VO LU T I O N 65

OR AN G E CO MM I TT E E OF S AF E T Y .

*A a meeting of the Freeholders of the County of

t
O range Virginia o n Thursday the 2 z u d day of D ecem
, ,

her 1 7 7 4 the following ge ntleme n we re elected a o m

, ,
C
mit t e e for the said County V i z : ,

J ames M adi so n J ames Taylor William Bell Thomas , , ,

‘

Barbour Z achariah Burnle y R owland Thomas Wil l

, , ,
.

liam M oore J ohnny S cott J ames Walker William Pan

, , ,

nill Franci s M oore J ames M adison Jun Lawrence

, , , .
,

Taliaferro Tho mas Bell and Vivian D aniel

, , .

A n d at a meeting of the said Committee at the

Court H o use on M onday the 2 nd day of J anuary 1 7 7 5
, , , ,

J ames M adi son E s quire was e le cted Chairman and , , ,

F rancis Taylor Clerk of said Committee , .

Publi shed by order of the Committee .

F RA N C I S TA Y L O R Clerk , .

M arch 1 1 1 7 7 5 , .

”An accusation being lodged with the Co mm ittee

(
of O ra nge Co unty against F rancis M oore J un of his , .
,

having violated t he Eighth A rticle of the Continental

Asso ciatio n by gaming : the said M oo re was cited and ,

appeared b efore the Committee convened Fe b y 2 3 .

,

1775 .The testimony of a witness as well as the con ,

fe ssio n of the accus ed convinced the Committee that ,

t h e charge was we ll foun ded ; but M r M oore gave .

such evidence of his penitence and intention to ,

observe the A s sociation strictly for the future and ‘

,

alleging moreover that he was not thoroughly aware

, ,

of the extent of the prohibition contained in that

Article that the Committee think it proper to readmit
,

him into the number of friends to the publi c cause till ,

a second transgression .

*
P et er F o rc e s A m rican A rchi ’
e v es , F o ur th i
S er es , Vo l I . .
, p . 1 05 6 .

TIb id : V l II p 6 o . . . 12 .
66 HISTO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

I t need scarcely be added that this mitigation of ,

the punishment pre scribed in t he Eleventh A rticle ,

proceeds from a desire to distingui sh penitent and

submissive from refractory and ob s tinate offenders
, .

F RAN C I S TA Y L O R Clerk , .

M arch 2 7 1 7 7 5 , .

*The Comm ittee of O range County being informed

that the R everend M r J ohn Wingate had in his posses

.

sion several pamphlets containing very obnoxious

reflections on the Co ntinental Congress and their pro
c eeding s and calculate d to impose on the unwary ;
,

and being desiro us to manifest their contempt and

resentment of such writings and their authors assem ,

bled o n S aturday the 2 5th of M arch 1 7 7 5 at the

, , ,

Court H ouse of the said County The Committee .

were the rather induced to meet for this purpose as ,

it had also been reported that there were a c o nsider

able number o f these performances in the Coun try ,

introduced amongst us in all probability to promote the

infamous ends for which they were writte n ; that they
were to b e sold indiscriminately at Pu rdie s o ffice in ’

William sb urgh and that unfavorable impre s sions had

,
’
been made on some people s minds by the con fi dent
assertions of falsehoods and insidious mi srep resent a
tions of facts contained in them The int entions of .

thi s Committ ee were made known to M r Wingate and .

,

a delivery of the pamphlets reque sted in the mo st

respectful manner without the least suspicion that
,

M r Wingate had pro cured them with a de sign t o

.

make an ill use of th em or that h e would h esitate a

,

moment as to a co mplianc e ; but t o th eir gre at surprise ,

he absolutely refused urging that they belonged to

,

M r H enry M itch ell of Frederick s b u rgh and he could

.
,

do nothing without his express p ermis sio n The Com .

t
* Pe e r F c
or e s
’
Am rican A rchi
e v es , F our th S eri es , Vo l I . p . 2 34 5 .
 OR A NG E IN T HE RE V O LUTI O N 67

m it t ee th e n proceeded to expostulat e with him on th e

subj ect and t o insi s t upo n him that as he regarded h i s
,

asso ciation engagements th e favour of t h e Comm itt ee ,

o r the good o f the publick he would not d e ny s o re a ,

s onable a re quest They told him they would engage

.

to make ample satisfaction to M r M itch ell fo r any .

damage h e might sustain and that there wo uld not

be the lea s t reason t o fear that M r M itchell would .

b e displea s ed who was well known to be an associator

, ,

and acknowledged by hims elf to be a hearty friend

t o t h e cau s e which th ese pamphle ts were intended t o
di sparage and counteract ; and that if M r M itch e ll .

w a s not thi s h e arty friend we hoped him to be it ,

mu s t be an additional argument for the Committee to

pre ss their reque s t and for him to comply with it ,
.

M r W ingat e still persisted in his refusal t o deliver

.

them up but added that he would let t he Committe e

,

hav e a sight of them if they would promise to return ,

th em unhurt This could by no mean s be agre ed to

.
,

as t h e y were ju s tly appre h e nsive that it would b e

th eir duty to dispos e of the pamphlets in a manner
incon sistent with such a promise A t le ngth t h e .

Committee fin ding there was no prospect of working

,

o n M r Wingate by arguments or entre aties perempt

.
,

o rily demanded the pamphlets with a determination ,

not to be defeated in th eir intentions I n consequence .

o f which they were produced to the Committee wh o

deferred the full examination and final disposal of

th em till the M onday following .

O n M onday the 2 7 t h in stant they again m et at t h e

, ,

s ame place according to adj ournme nt and after a

, ,

sufficient inquiry into the contents of five pamphlet s

“
under the following titles viz : I st The Congres s , ,

Canvassed by A W F armer ; 2 nd A View of

,
“
. .
,

the Cont rov ers ey between Great Britain and her Col
“
o nie s , by the s ame ; 3 d F ree Th o ught s o n the ,

Proce eding s o f t h e Co ntine ntal Co ngres s et c by , .

,
68 HI S T O R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

A . F armer ; 4 th
”
S hort A dvice to the Counties of
,

N ew York by a Country Gentleman ; 5th A n A larm

,
“
,

to the L egislature of the Province of N ew York etc , .

most of them prin ted by Rivington of N ew York ;

R esolved That as a collection of the most audacious
,

insults on that august body (the Grand Continental

Congress ) and their proceedings and also on the s ev ,

eral Colonies from which they were deputed p art icu ,

larly N ew England and Virginia of the most slavi sh ,

doctrines of Provincial Government the most impu ,

dent falsehoods and malicious art ifi c es to excite divi

s ions among the friends of A merica they des e rv e d to ,
’
be publicly burnt as a testimony of the Committee s ,

d etestation and abhorrence of the writers and their

principles
Which sentence was speedily executed in the pres
.

ence of the I nd e pendent Company and other respectable

inhabitants of the said County all of whom j oined in ex ,

pre s sing a noble indign ation against such execrable

publications and th eir ardent wishes for an o pp o r
,

t u nit y of in flicting on the authors publishers and , ,

their ab b et t o rs the punishment due to their insuffer

,

able arrogance and atrocious crimes .

Pub lished by order of the Committee ,

F RA N C I S T A Y L O R C lerk , .

M or 9 , 1 7 75

The Comm ittee for O range County met on Tu es day

*
,

the 9th of M ay Taking into their consideration the

.

removal of the powder from the public magazin e and ,

the compensation obtain ed by the I ndepend e nt Com

pany of H anover ; and observing also that the rec eipt
given by Captain Patrick H enry to his M aj e sty s Re ’

ceiv er Gen e ral refers the fi n al disposal of the money to

the next Colony Convention came to the following ,

R esolutions
*P t Fe er Am i n A h i F u rth S ri V l I p 33 9 40
o rc e s
’
er ca rc v es , o e es , o .
, .
- .
 ORA N GE I N T HE RE V O LU T I O N 69

’
I That t he G ov ernou r s removal of the Powder
.

lodged in the M agazine and set apart for the defence ,

o f the Country was fraudulent unnecessary and , , ,

extremely provoking to the people of this Colony .

2 That the resentment shown by the H anover Vol

.

u nt e ers and the reprisal they have made on t h e K ing s

’

property highly merit the approbation of the publick

, ,

and the thanks of this Committe e .

3 That if any attempt S hould be made at the ensu

.
,

ing Convention to have th e M on e y returned to H is

,

M aj esty s R eceiver Ge neral our D elegates be and

’
, ,

they are hereby instructed to ex ert all their influence ,

in opposing such attempt and in having the M on ey ,

laid out in Gun powder for t he use of the Colony .

4 That the followi ng A ddress be presented to Cap

.

tain Patrick H enry and the gentlemen I ndepend ents of ,

H anover :
* G E N T L E M E N : We t h e C o mm ittee fo r t h e C o un ty o f O ran ge
, ,

hav ing been fully info rm e d o f yo ur s e ason able and s pi ri te d p ro cee d

ings in p ro cu ring a com p ens atio n fo r t h e Powd er frau d ulently
taken from t he C ounty M agazine by c omm an d o f Lo rd D unm o re ,

an d w hi c h it e v id e n tly app e a rs hi s L o rd s hi p n o twith s tan di n g hi s .

as s u ran ces h ad no intention t o res to re entre at yo u t o acce pt their ,

c ordi al th anks fo r thi s tes tim o ny o f y our z e al fo r t h e honou r and

interes t o f your C o un try We tak e this o ccas i on als o t o gi v e it as
o u r o p ni o n that t h e blo w s tru ck i n t h e M as s ach u se tt s Go v e rnm en t
.

i ,

is a h os tile attack o n t hi s a n d e v ery o ther C o lon y an d a s u ffi ci en t ,

warran t t o u se iolenc e a nd rep ri s al in all cas e s whe re it m a y b e

v ,

e xp e di e n t fo r o ur s e c urity an d w e lfa re .

This address is s igned by all the members of the

committee except M essrs Wm Bell Pannill F rancis . .
, ,

M oore and V D aniel and was prepare d by J ames

.
,
“
M adison J r according to M r Wm C Rives s Life
, .
, . . .
’

”
of M adison As he was then only about twenty three
.
-

and at no time much of a warrior the statement ,

seems improbable ; nor does his fame need bolstering

by mere co j ecture
n .

*
P et er Fo rce s Ame rican Archiv es F o urth S e ri es Vol I p 3 3 9—4
’
, . .
,
. 0
70 HI S TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

I t will b e observed that thi s record ends on M ay 9 ,

“ ”
only a few days after the Embattled farmers of
M assachu s etts had fired the shot h e ard round t h e
”
world the opening gun of the Revolution at Concord
, ,

A pril 1 9 1 7 7 5
, .

M embership of the Committee was quite a badge of

distinction and descent from a Committeeman con
,

st it u t es a clear title to membership in the societi e s

”
known as The S ons and The D aughters of the
“

R evolution .

Recurring to the order books the first record of ,

impen ding disorder is in I 7 7 5 when nine p at rolrnen are ,

paid pounds of tobacco for patrolling the county

the preceding year .

I n M arch 1 7 7 6 Thomas Barbour is appointed S heriff

, ,
”
agreeable to an order of the Convention the first ,

offi cial recognition by the Court of existing R evolution .

I n J uly of that year the j ustices take the oath prescri bed
by the Convention to be faithful and true to the Com
,

mo nwealth of Virginia and to the utmost of their ,

power supp o rt maintain and defend the constitution

,

thereof as settled by the General Convention and do ,

”
e qual right and j ustice to all men A noble oath ! .

I t was first administered to F rancis M oore who then

administered it to the other j ustices to J ames Taylor , ,

clerk and to J ohn Walker K ing s A ttorney

, ,
’
.

Virginia had declared her i ndependence of the Crown

on the 2 9th of J une 1 7 7 6 five days before the general
, ,

D eclaration in July The public officers appear to .

have simply held over by taking the Co nvention oath .

But in M ay 1 7 7 7 commissions from Patrick Henry the

, , ,
 ORAN GE IN T HE RE VO LU T I O N 71

first go v ernor o f the new Commonwealth directed ,

to J ames M adison F rancis M oore William Bell R ow

, , ,

land Thomas R eub e n D aniel Z achary Burnley

, , ,

Tho mas B ell Willi am M oore A ndrew Shepherd

, , ,

Thomas Barbour J ohnny S cott B e nj amin Grymes

, , ,

J ames M adison J r U riel M allory Catlett Co nway

, .
, , ,

and J eremiah Whit e were received : and they co nstituted

,

the first bench o f justic e s under the new regime I t .

does not appear that J ames M adison J r ev er qualifie d , .

, .

Richard A dams was ordere d to deliver to J ohnny

S cott 60 bush els of salt belonging to the Co unty agree ,

able to an order of his Excellency the Gov e rnor , .

Th e se companies are named in current orders :

J ohnny S cott s Captain Bruce s Captain Craig s
’

,
’

,
’

Captain Conway s Francis M oore s Captain S mith s

’ ’ ’

, , ,

Captain M ills and Captain Conney s Captain se ems

’

,
’
.

to have distingu i shed su fli c ient ly without t h e Christian

name .

William B ell was appointed t o administer t h e pre

“
scribed oath to oblige all the inhabitants t o give
,

”
assurance of allegiance to t h e S tate and certain dis ,

senting mini s ters J ohn Price Elij ah Craig N athaniel

, , ,

S anders Bartlett Bennett and Richard Cave took the

, , ,

oaths of allegiance and fidelity .

I n 1 7 7 8 allowances of money were ordered to Peter

Mount agu e J ere Chandler and J oseph Edmondson
, , ,

soldiers in service ; to S arah S taves a po or woman ,

having two s ons in service ; to U sley Mc Clarney wi dow ,

of F rancis who had died in service ; to M argaret D ouglas ,

a poor woman son in Continental army ; and to S olo

,

’
mon Garrett s family he being in Continental service , .
72 HISTO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

Thirty Six pounds were allowed Moun tagu e s family

-
’
.

Z achary Burnley becomes county li eutenant in place

of J ames M adison resigned H e resigns in 1 7 8 1 and
, .
,

is succeeded by J ames M adison J r J ane H ensley , .

,

having son in Continental A rmy is allowed 2 5 pounds , .

I n 1 7 8 1 O rdered agreeably to A ct of A s s embly for

, ,

supplying army with clothes pro vi s ion s and wagons , , ,

that each tithable person pay the sh e riff seven pounds ,

current money to purchase a wagon and team and

,

hire a driver This tax realized about

. and the
purchase was made and the outfit deliv e red to Benj a
min Winslow deputy commissioner , .

The sheriff was ordered to pay J ames M adison

for re pairing public wagons Benj amin H ead ,

to purchase a wagon and team for the public ,

and Edmund S ingleton $ 8 00 for collars for the team .

J ohn Coleman is named as an ensign in Continental

service .

I n 1 7 8 2 the companies in t he County were commanded

by Captains M iller Burton Buckner H erndon Haw , , , ,

kins Lindsay Waugh Graves St u b b lefi eld and Webb

, , , , , .

A special term of the court was held for several days

in A pril 1 7 8 2 to adjust claims for property impressed
, ,

or furni shed for the public service These claims cove r .

nearly forty full pages of t he order book and only a ,

few of the more notable ones can be inserted here .

They were mostly for provisions horses brandy guns , , , ,

etc a great many supplies having been furnished when

.

”
the Convention Troops as the prisoners taken at ,

S aratoga were called subse quently confined in bar ,

racks near Charlottesville were marched through the ,

County .
to purchase a wagon and t ea mfor t he pub lic

if a
 ORAN GE IN T HE RE V O LU T I O N 73

A guard was con stantly kept at Brock s B ridge ’

,

qui te a detachment to judge from the quanti ty of sup

plies furnished it .

J ames M adison s name often appears H e owned

’
.

’
quite a blacksmith s shop and appears to have got ,

good prices for all his supplies which generally are ,

rated as something extra H e furni shed supplies to

.

H alifax and Pit t sylv ania militia returning from N ol

and s F erry where they had escorted prisoners taken at
’

York ; I ndian meal to Convention troops marching

from the barracks to Winchester in 1 7 8 1 ; was paid $ 3 5
“ ”
for a gun one of t he best imported impressed for
, , ,

the O range militia and for a well fix ed wagon the

,
“
,

”
nav e s (hubs ) of t he wh eels boxe d wi th iron impressed ,

at R ichmond by S tephen S outhall as sistant quarter ,

maste r general .

R obert Thomas s gun was impressed for the O range

’

militia guarding the Conve ntion prisoners in 1 7 7 8 .

M oses H ase was paid for two bushels of country made -

”
salt,
impressed by George M orton co mmissary , ,

O range militia .

There is incontestible evidence that the O range

militia were several times in actual service in t he field ,

a fact that no history of the R evolutio n discloses cer ,

t ainly not so as to identify them H ow long and on .

what occasions they served can not now be ascertained ,

but these selected entries prove the fact :

William H awkins furnishes supplies to Prettyman
M erry lieutenant O range militia for 1 8 months men
,
-

march ing from O range to Fredericksburg ; allowances

to William Webb for beef for O range militia on march
,
74 HI S TO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

to camp ; to J ames Coleman for supplies impre ssed by ,

Willi am Thomas commanding o fficer of guard at Brock s

,
’

Bridge ; to William M orton for wagon impre ssed for ,

O range militia from August 1 7 to O ctober 3 1 1 7 8 1 , ,

and for a wagon impressed at Guilford courthouse N o rth ,

Carolina O ctober 1 7 8 1 by order of General S tevens ; to

, , ,

Z achary H erndon for wagon with O range militia ,

2 7 days O ctober and N ovember

,
1 781 and to s ame in , ,

M ay J une and J uly 1 7 8 1 7 5 days ; to George M orton

, , , , ,

for wagons impressed for O range militia 1 3 5 days J ohn ,

Taylor co lonel commanding

, .

I n a cotemporaneous official manuscript volume

“ ”
labele d Virginia M ilitia in the S tate library pub
, ,

“
lish ed in full in the Virginia M agazine of H istory and
Biography see volume 1 4 page 8 0 are to be found
, , ,

these entries :
“
1 7 7 7 S ept 2 9 S cott Captain J ohn for pay of his
, . .
, ,

company o f O range M ilitia to 2 8 inst and 9 days t o ,

return £ 2 1 1 53 3 d
,
. . .

S eptember 3 0 D itto for ditto F or o ne day d e tained

. .
,

”
per account £ 8 7 3 5d , . . .

These examples must suffice They seem to indicate .

that certainly part of the service was at the seige of

York as Yorktown was then called O ther items of
,
.

general interest are these : Benj amin J ohnson sup ,

plies for prisoners and militia marching from F reder

ic k s b u rg to Charlottesville or S taunton and for oats ,

“ ”
for wagon horses with the F lying H ospital .

Charles Porter for u se of his house taken for quarters

,

for M arquis de L afayette by C J ones assistant quar .

,

t errnast er general J une 1 7 8 1 3 days D aniel Thornton , , , .

,

for guarding the M arquis on his march through O range .

 ORAN GE IN T HE RE V O LUT I O N 75

I t has be en impo s sible to locat e with exactness

Charles Porte r s house thus rendered hi storic but it is
’
, ,

believed to hav e been n ear t h e old R acco on F ord some ,

di stanc e above the present ford it being known that the ,

M arquis was delayed so me days there awaiting re en

forcements I n an ord er of M arch 1 7 8 6 laying off the
.
, ,

County into districts for overse ers o f the P o or M iddle ,

District begins at Charles Porter s and run s along the ’

M arquis s road to Brockman s Bridge which almost

’ ’

id e ntifies the house as being on the riv e r where this

road cro s sed it .

M ary Bell for ent e rtaining Willi am Clark expre ss

, ,

ri der and his horse station ed at her house by H

, .

Young quartermaster general State volunteers

, , .

This M ary Bell was afterwards County j ailer for

several years .

Andrew Shepherd for a mare rode express by order

, ,

of the Coun ty Lieutenant to give notice to captains of ,

militia to asse mble their companie s M ay I 7 8 1 by order , ,

o f the Executive .

O ther items pertaining to the Revolution and giving ,

names of O range people who participated in it will be

found in condensed form in an appendix The curious .

reader i s referred to the order book for 1 7 8 2 April ,

S peci al Terms for further inform ation

, .

I n order t o verify the statement heretofore made as

to the O range soldiers being designated at first as
Culpeper M inute M en the following petition from
, ,

the original now on file in the S tate library is p ub

, ,
“
lished at le ngth I t is e ndo rsed
. Th e Petition of ,
70 HIS TO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

Philip Ballard praying for a pension D ecember 2 8th , ,

1 82 9 referred to Revolutionary claims and is in the

, ,

words fOllowi ng :
T HE P TITI
E O N O F PH ILI P B A LL A R D , A N O LD S O D E L I R:
To the S ena te and Hou s e f Rep res en ta ti ves
o o f Vi rgi ni a
Y our p e tition r b g le a e t o re p re en t th at h e enli s te d in t h s erv
e e s v s e

ic e f t h S tat
o f Vi rginia
e e a rly
e o s I 7 7 5 i n what w a s th n cal l d
as a e e

t h e M i nu t S r ic i n Captain J o e ph S p en cer s C m pa n y from

’
e e v e s o

O ran g C o un ty V w h w a s attach d t C l T l r r s ( T alia

’
e ,
a .
,
o e o o . o e ve

f rro ) o f aid Co unty R gim en t and w s from th n ce m arche d t o

e s e a e

Cu lp p r C H n d th n c t what w call d t h Gr at B ridg at

, , ,

e e a e e o as e e e e,

which place yo ur p t it oner w as ngage d in th B attl that t o k

. .

e e e e o

plac b tw n t h B ritis h n d Gen ral W lfo rd aft r w hich yo u r

e e ee e a e o e

p ti tion r w as dis charg d Yo u r p e titioner then nli t d in t he

,

e e e e s e

fo r tw o y ars in Captain B u rl y s ( B u rnl y) C om pa ny w h o

.

s e rvic
’
e e e e

w a s c mm an d e d by M aj r R o b ert an d C ol F ran ci s T aylo r

o o Aft r . . e

t h e xpi rati o n o f that tim y u r p e titi n r e nli s t e d tw ye a r m o re

e e o o e o s

a n d w as attach d t o Captain C h ap m an s C o m pa n y w h o w as om
’
e c

m nd d by Majo r Wail s ( 2) an d C o l o n l C ro ck e t e t c
a e e . .

The affidavit of G S talli ngs was filed in verification .

of this petition .
 C HA P TER X .

G er m an n a an d t he F i r st S e t t l e r s .

Who were the first English settlers may b e be s t

ascert ained from the family name s mentioned in t he
earli er court proceedings as narrated in other chapters .

I n most instances these were the people who resid ed in

the Coun ty before and at the time of its formation ,

though s ome that are oftenest named and appear t o ,

h ave bee n of the most conspicuous of the landed gentry ,

never became actual re sidents The great B aylor and .

Beverley grants and oth er v ery large ones appear t o

, ,

h ave been speculative only for th e grantees never ,

lived in the County Their lands were under the man

.

agement of baili ff s as they were then called who had

, ,

large numbers of servants under their control Thu s .

the census of 1 7 8 2 (A ppendix ) shows that on th e

Baylor estate there were 8 4 blacks and not one white
person The real owners of the land att e nded court
.

regularly to ackn owledge their many deeds of bargain

,

and sale and then returned to their homes in Tidewater

, .

Ye t a good many people did actually take up their

abode in this frontier county while it was still a part of
S potsylvania and some of their names are hous ehold
,

words t o day ; S potswood Chew Cave M adison M oore

-
, , , , ,

Willis Taliaferro Thomas B arbour S cott S mith

, , , , , ,

Taylo r Waugh Porter H ead F ry Lightfoot and

, , , , , ,
 78 HI S T O R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

many more ; t h e ge neral narrative mu st be lo o ked t o

t o lear n who th e y were and what they did ,
They all .

appear c o veto u s o f great land ed po ss e s sion s but they ,

appear also t o hav e b e en re solute and public spirit ed -

citiz e ns an anc e s try of wh ic h th eir d e s cendant s may

,

well b e proud .

F ar and away the mo s t anci e nt and m o s t h i s toric

s e ttl ement w a s G e rm anna in t he peninsula formed by
,

t h e R apidan I ndeed th ere are few plac e s in all

.

Virginia wh ich is to say in all America that surpa ss

, ,

G erm anna in historic intere st during t h e c o lonial

p eri o d ; J ame s town William s burg York and a few
, , ,

mo re ; yet to day G ermanna constitute s not much mo re

-

th an a name and a m emory ri ch as are its a s so ciation s ,

with t h e pa st with t he beginnings that foreshadowed

,

O range at it s zenith .

I t is firs t m ention ed in a s tatute th at so meho w ,

e s caped t h e vigilance of H e ning when compiling that

va s t treasure hou s e of Virginia hi sto ry t h e S tatut e s ,

at L arge .I n t h e S tate library i s an o ld volume

e ntitle d Acts of A ssembly pas sed in the Colony o f
Virginia from 1 662 t o 1 7 1 5 printed at London in 1 7 2 7 , .

About the last Act in it is one to exempt certain

German Protestants from the paym e nt of levies fo r
s even y e ars and fo r e recting the pari s h of S t
, George .
,

passed in 1 7 1 4 : Whereas certain German protestant s .

to the number of forty two p ersons or th ere abouts -

,

hav e been se ttled ab o v e the falls of t he R iv er R appa

b annock on the s outh e rn branch of the s aid riv e r
, ,

called R apidan at a place named G erm anna in t h e

, ,

Co unty o f E ss e x and h ave th ere b eg un to build and

,
 G E R M A NNA A ND T HE F IR T S
S E TT L E R S 79

make improv eme nts for their c o habitation to the ,

great advantage of this colony and t he security of the

frontiers in those parts from t h e intrusions of t he
I ndians it is enacted that they shall be free from t he
,

paym ent of all public and county levies for s ev e n years ,

as should be any other German Protestants who might

settle there always providing howev er that they did
, , ,

not leave G ermanna and settle elsewhere .

The next section creat e s the pari sh of S t George .

,

extending for five miles on each side of t h e town ,

exempts it from all parish levies from the Parish of S t .

M ary in Essex and from the cure of the minister

, ,
“
thereof and from all dependencies o fli ces charge s
, , ,

” “
and contributions of the same and of all levies , ,

oblations obventions and all other parochial duties

,

”
whatsoever relating to the same .

H ere are disclose d s ome intere sting historical fact s :

that G ermanna was in Essex County at that time ;
that a special parish was establish e d of which the eccle
sia st ical historians have taken no note whatever the ,

S t George parish of subse quent Years being a wholly

.

distinct one though embracing the ori gin al parish of

,

“
that name ; and most of all that these S trangers in a
, ,

”
strange land were placed there as a sort of buff er
against the I ndians a rather cool and somewhat cruel
,

thing to have done .

The s e German Protestants who came in 1 7 1 4 were in

“ ”
fact the F irst S ettlers of O range th e n a part of ,

Essex afterwards of S pot sylvania and not called

, ,

O range u ntil 2 0 years later ; and as such their names

ought to be chronicle d and so mething of their histo ry
,

narrated I n brief it is as follows :

.
80 HIS TO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

G E RM A NNA ,
I
F RS T G E R M AN CO L NY
O .

Thre e Germ an colonies came to Virgi nia during the

administration of Governor S potswood and settled at
or near G ermanna The first consisted of 1 2 families
.

num bering 4 2 persons as shown by an O rder of the Vir

,

ginia Council passed April 2 8 1 7 1 4 This O rder pro , .

v id ed that a fort S hould be built for them that two ,

cannon and some ammun ition should be furni shed and ,

a road cle ared to t he settlement The O rder als o .

shows that the colony had only recently arrived in

Virginia They were the first actual settlers in what is
.

now O range County and this was the b e gin ning of

,

G ermanna M r Charles E K emper of S taunton Va

. . .
, , .
,

a lineal descendant of one of the families in an article ,

contributed to the A pril numb e r 1 90 6 of the Virginia , ,

M agazine of History and Biography (Vol XIII pp . .

, .

6 7
-
7 0 ) gives their names as follows :
3
J acob H oltzclaw wife M argaret sons J ohn and
, ,

Henry ; J ohn K emper wife A lice K athrina ; J ohn ,

J oseph M artin wife M aria K athrina ; J ohn S pillman

, ,

wife M ary ; H erman F ishback wife K athrina ; J ohn ,

H enry Hoffman wife K athrina ; J oseph Coons wife

, ,

K athrina son J ohn A nnalis daughter K athrina ; J ohn

, ,

F ishback wife A gnes ; J acob Rector wife Elizabeth

, , ,

son J ohn ; M elchior Brumback wife Elizabeth ; Till ,

man Weaver mother A nn Weaver ; Peter Hitt wi fe

, ,

Elizabeth .

I n 1 7 2 4 the s e Germans were proving their importa

tions in the S potsylvania County Court in order to
take up lands under the Head right A ct and stated -
,

that they had arrived in Virginia in A pril 1 7 1 4 , .

 G E R M A NNA A N D T HE F IR T S S E TT L E R S . 81

All these first colonists belonged to the German

R eformed Church the great German branch of the
,

Presbyt erian family o f churches They were natives of .

the old principali ty of N assau S iegen now a part of -

,

We stphalia Germany and th eir homes were in and

, ,

near t he city of S iegen and the town of Mu es en They .

o rganiz e d at G ermanna the first congregation of the

, ,

German Reformed church in the U nited S tates and ,

J ohn F ontaine records in his J ournal t he first d e scrip

tion of a religious service in America conducted by the
adherents of this denomination Th e y removed from .

G ermanna in 1 7 2 1 and settled on Licking R un about ,

eight miles south of Warrenton n e ar present M idland

statio n where they first acquired lands The locality

,
.

was th e n in S taff ord later Prince William and is now

, ,

F auquier Their new home was known as Germantown

. .

R ev H enry H aeger was their pastor H e was a

. .

man of much e ruditio n lived to a great age and died in

, ,

1 737. Th e se coloni sts were induced to leave their

homes in Germany by the Baron de G raffenreid acting ,

for Governor S potswood who was th e n making prepa

rations to d evelop his iron mines in the vicinity of
G ermanna and this business enterprise of the Governor
,

was the sole cause of their coming to America and

Virginia .

S E C O N D G E RM AN C O L O N Y .

The second colony which came in 1 7 1 7 was entirely

, ,

distinct from the firs t ; in fac t when leaving Germany ,

its de stination was Pennsylvania and no t Virginia and , ,

it fi n ally reached Virginia through force of circum

stances for which th e y were not re sponsible and which
 82 HI S TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

they could not control This colony was composed .

chiefly of Lutherans I t numb ered about eighty per .

sons comprised in twenty families coming from A lsace

, , ,

the Palatinate and adj acent districts in Germany .

I n 1 7 1 9 a third colony also mostly Lutherans c o n , ,

sisting of forty families came to Virginia and s ettled in ,

the vicinity of G ermanna Comparatively nothing is .

known of the antecede nt hi story of this last group of

Germans The colo ny of 1 7 1 7 became involved in
.

litigation with Gov ernor S potswood of who s e treat ,

ment they more than once co mplained .

The records of S potsylvania S how their names as

follows : J ohn Broil F rederick Cobbler Christopher , ,

Z immerman wife Elizabeth children J ohn and

, ,

A ndrew ; H enry S nyder wife D orothy ; M ichael S mith , ,

wife K athrina ; M ichael Cook wife M ary ; Andrew ,

K erker wife M argarita daughter Barbara ; William

, ,

Carpenter wife Elizab eth ; Christopher Pav ler (or

, ,

Parlu r) wife Pa u era ; J acob Broil ; J ohn Broil wife ,

U rsley children Conrad and Elizabeth ;

,
N icholas
Yeager wife M ary children A dam and M ary ; Philip
, ,

Pau lit z ; Robert Turn e r wife M ary children Christo , ,

pher Christianna K athrina M ary and Parva ; Conrad

, , ,

Auberge B althaser Blankenbaker M icha e l Clore A n

, , ,

drew Ballenger George Sh eib le George M eyer M ichael

, , ,

K affer M atthias Blanke nbaker M ichael H olt Z ere

, , ,

chias F leshman H endrick S nyder Ge orge U tz , ,

.

Quite a number of them proved their importations at

G erma nna in 1 7 2 6 and 1 7 2 7 and their names are given ,

i n the Virginia M agazine of H istory and Biography ,

A pril N o 1 90 6 .
,
 G E RM A NNA A ND T HE F IR T S
S E TT L E R S 83

Th e colonists of 1 7 1 7 and 1 7 1 9 seem to have remained

at G ermanna or in that neighborhood until 1 7 2 5 or
, ,

1 7 2 6 when they removed to the R obertson river section

,

(in M adison Coun ty ) where they had acquired lands

, .

I n the same magazine Vol XIV pp 1 3 6 1 7 0 Rev , . . .

-
, .

Willi am J H inke of Philadelphia contributes a num

.
, ,

ber of valuable documents relating to the Germ an

element of M adison County which wi th M r H inke s , , .
’

notes constitute the most valuable sources of history

,

of these two colonies and tell best the story of their

,

early fortunes in Virginia M any of these names are .

familiar in M adison to day and the list last given -

,

sounds like an echo of the roll call of the M adiso n Troop -

in the Confederate war H ebron church near the .

,

Robertson R iver remains a monum ent of their devotion

,

and Christian character .

The history of these Germans is very intere sting and ,

has been written at large by s ev eral authors the b e st ,

and most comprehensive account of them being the

“ ”
K emper Genealogy which treats of the earliest
,

colony that of 1 7 1 4 Gen J ames L K emper Governor

, . . .
,

of Virginia soon after the war was a descendant of one ,

of th e se colonists ; and their descendants are to be

found not only in Virginia but throughout the S outh ,

and West .

The limitations of this book preclude the following

up of their fo rtunes but the truth of hi s tory impels the
,

statement that the colonists of 1 7 1 4 were the real first

actual settlers of O range A nd if Governor S potswood .

“ ”
were in fact the Tubal Cain of Virginia it was these ,

Germans who won that title for him I n the K emper .

84 HISTO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

Ge nealogy it is stated wi th emphasis that the colony of

“
1 7 1 4 was not a Palatinate Colony They did not leave .
“

their homes not knowing where they were going nor ,

because they were compelled to They were engaged .

to go and knew where they were going and what they

, ,

were to do They came from one of the thri f tiest and

.

most intellige nt provinces of Germany ; they were mas

ter mechanics and we re an i ntelligent progressive s et
, ,
”
of people .

The R ev H ugh J ones in his Present S tate of Vir

.
,

ginia published about 1 7 2 4 thus describes G ermanna

, ,
°

“
Beyond Governor S potswood s furnace above the ’

Falls of Rap p ah annock Rive r wi thin view of the vast ,

mountains he has foun ded a town called G ermanna

, ,

from the Germans se nt over by Q ueen A nne who are ,

now removed up further He has servants and work .

men at most handicraft trades and he is building a ,

Church courthouse and dwelling house for himself ;

, ,

and with his serv ants and ne groes he has cleared plan
t at io ns about it proposing great encouragement for
,

people to come and settle in that uninhabited part of

”
the world lately divided into a cou nty that is S pot
, ,

sylvania .

This would se em to fi x the date of the first English

settlement there as about 1 7 2 4 ; and incidentally to
dispose of the rather incredible statement made by M r .

“ ”
Willi am K yle A nderson in his Taylor Genealogy ,

that Bloomsbury the former home of Col J ames

, .

Taylor now owned by the J erdo ne family about three

, ,

miles below present O range courthouse and some

twenty above G erm anna was built so early as 1 7 2 2 , .
 G E R MA N NA A ND T HE F IR T S
S E TT L E R S 85

Asubsequent chapter The Progress to th e M ines , ,

is the best extant description of this historic old place .

”
,

That there was a palace there with a t e rraced gar ,

den connected by a n underground passage with a fort ,

there is no reason to doubt I nde ed the t erraces .

,

remain to this day I t was certainly the county seat

.

of S potsylvania as the statute shows I n M ay 1 7 3 2

, .
, ,

“
a statute was passed Whereas the place for holding
, ,

courts in the County of S potsylvania is appointed and ,

fixed at G ermanna and it is foun d by experience that

,

great inconveniences attend the justices and inhab i

tants of the said county and oth ers whose attendance
is requi red or who have business to transact at the said
courts for want of accommodation for themselve s and
,

their horse s which by reason of t h e fewn e ss of the

,

inhabitants for many miles round t he said place cannot

be had and enacting that these courts be held only at
,

F redericksburg from the ensuing first day of A ugust .

Then began no doubt the decadence of this historic

, ,

“
hamlet which has continued till now But a merry
, .

”
place it was in days of yore where the gentry were ,

feasted at the palace and M iss Thek y di spensed,

other beverages than coff ee that would not give a man

the palsy But it ought never to be forgotten that at
.

G erm anna began that great adventure t h e tramon ,

tane ride of the K nights of the H orseshoe the firs t ,

body of Englishmen to cross the Blue R idge and

discover the Goshen beyond ; and hence it may be truly ,

said the star of empire began its westward course

, ,

nor stoppe d until the M ississippi had been passed and

the Golden Gate to the Pacific had been reached I n .
86 HIS TO R Y OF OR A NG E CO U N TY

later t imes mi ghty armies crossed and recrossed the

,

Rapidan at G ermanna and the thun ders of Chancellors

,

ville and the Wilderness shook i ts ruin s to their foun

dations I chabod ! The glory of I srael is departed ;
.

let the memory of it remain forever !

 C HA P TER XI .

Pr o g r e ss to t he M i nes .

following sketch of a vi sit to Colon e l S potswood

Th e
and his mines in 1 7 3 2 by C01 William Byrd is inserted
.

with full k nowledge of the proverb that comparisons

are o dious .

A just consideration of the rights of the readers of

this book impels its insertion the cost of the We stover
,

M anuscripts from which it is extracted rendering

, ,

them practically inaccessible to the average reader .

Co lonel Byrd was one of the commissioners to run the

boundary line between Virginia and N orth Carolina and ,

also a commissioner on the part of the colony to define

the southwestern limit of Lord Fairfax s grant report ’
,

ing strenuously and conclusively that the modern

Rapp ah annock R iver was the true boundary ; which
report however did not fi nally prevail
, , .

H e held many positions of dignity and trust in the

colony and it is said was the friend of A ddison and an
, , ,

“
occasional contributor to the S pectator He ama s sed .

the fin est private library which had then been seen

in A merica Born M arch 2 8 1 67 4 D ied A ugust 2 6
.
, .
,

1 7 44 .

I took my leave about ten and drove over a spa ,

cio u s level road ten mile s to a bridge built over the

,

river Po which is one of the four branches of Mat ap ony

, ,
88 HISTO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

about forty yards wide Two miles beyond that we .

pass e d by a plantation belonging to the company of

about five hundred acres where they keep a great ,

num ber of oxen to relieve those that have dragged their

loaded carts thus far Three miles farther we came to
.

G erm a nna road wh e re I quitted the chair and con

, ,

tin ned my j ourney on h o rseback I rode eight miles .

toge ther over a stony road and had on either side c o n ,

t inu al poisoned field s with nothing but saplings grow

,

ing on them Th e n I came into the main county road

.
,

that leads from F re d ericks burg t o G erm anna which ,

last plac e I reached in ten miles more This famous .

town consists of Colonel S potswood s en chante d castle ’

’
on one side of t he s treet and a baker s doz e n o f ruinous
,

tenements on the other where so many German fam ,

ilie s had dwelt som e years ago ; but are no w remov e d

ten miles high e r in the fork of Rappah annock to land ,

of their own Th e re had also been a chapel about a

.

’
bowshot from the Colonel s house at the end of an
avenue of cherry trees but some pious people had ,

lately burnt it down with intent to get another built

,

nearer to their own homes H ere I arrived about three .

o clock and found only M rs S potswood at home who

’

,
.
,

received her old acquaintance with many a gracious

smile I was carried into a room elegantly set off with
.

pier glasses the large st of which came soon after to an

,

odd misfortune A m ongst other favorite animals that

.

’
cheered this lady s solitude a brace of tame deer ran ,

familiarly ab o ut the house and one of them came to ,

stare at me as a stranger But unluckily spying his .

own figure in the glass he made a spring o ver t he tea

,

table that stood under it and shattered the glass to ,

pieces and falling back upon the tea table mad e a

, ,

terrible fracas among the china This exploit was so .

sudden and accompanied with such a noise that it

, ,

surprised me and perfectly frighten e d M rs S potswood . .

But it was worth all the damage to Show the moderation

 PR O G R E S S T o T HE I
M NES . 89

and good humour wi th which sh e bore the disaster .

I n t he ev ening the noble Colonel came home from his

mines who s aluted m e very civilly and M rs S pots
, , .

wo o d s s i ster M is s Thek y who h ad been t o meet him

’

, ,

e n cavalier was so kind too as to bid m e welcom e

, , , .

We talked ov e r a legion of old stori e s supp ed about ,

nin e and then prattled with the ladies till it was time
,

for a traveller to retire I n t h e me antime I observ e d .

my old friend to be v e ry u xorious and exceedingly fo nd

of his children This was s o opposite to the maxims
.

h e u s ed to preach up before h e was marrie d that I ,

could not forbear rubbing up the memory of them .

But he gave a very good natured turn to his change of -

sentiments by alleging that whoever brings a poor

,

gentlewoman into so s o li tary a plac e from all h er ,

friends and acquaintance s would b e un grateful not to ,

u s e her and all that belongs to her with all po s sible

te nderness .

2 8 th We all kept snug in our s everal apartments

.

till nin e except M iss Thek y who wa s t he housewife of

, ,

the family At that hour we met ove r a pot of coff ee

.
,

which was not qui te strong enough to give us the pals y .

After breakfast the Colon el and I left the ladies t o their

domestic aff airs and took a turn in the garden which
, ,

has nothing beautiful but three t e rrace walks that fall

in slopes one below anoth e r I let him understand that .

besides the pleasure of paying him a vi sit I came to be ,

instructed by so great a master in t h e mystery of mak

ing of iron wherein h e had led the way and wa s the
, ,

Tubal Cain of Virginia H e co rrecte d me a little there .

,

by a ssuring me he was no t only the first in this country ,

but t h e firs t in N orth America who had erected a regu ,

lar furnace That they ran alto geth e r upon bloom

.

eries in N ew England and Pennsylvania till his exam ,

ple had made them attempt greater works But in this .

last colony they have so few ships to carry their iron to

,

Great Britain that they must b e content to make it

,
90 HISTO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

only for their own use and mu st b e obliged to manu ,

facture it wh e n they have none That he hoped he had .

don e the coun try V e ry great service by setting so good

an example That the fo ur furnac e s now at work in
.

Virginia circulated a great sum o f money for provisions

and all other nece ssaries in the adj ace nt counties .

That they took off a great many hands from planting

tobacco and employed th em in works that produced a
,

large sum of money in England to the p ers ons con

cerned whereby t h e country is so much the richer
, .

That th e y are besid e s a considerable advantage to

, ,

Great Britain because it lessens the quantity of bar

,

iron imported from S pain H olland S weden D enmark , , ,

and M uscovy which used to be no less than

,

tons yearly though at the same time no sow iron is

,

imported thither from any country but only from the ,

plantations F or most of this bar iron they do not

.

only pay silver but our friends in the Baltic are so nice
, ,

they even expect to be paid all in crown pieces O n .

the contrary all the iron they receive from the planta
,

tions they pay for it in their own manufactures and

, ,

send for it in their own shipping Then I inquired .

after his own mines and hoped as he was the first that
, ,

engaged in this great undertaking that he had brought ,

them to the mo st perfection H e told me he had iron .

in several parts of his great tract of land consisting of ,

4 5 000 acres But that the mine he was at work upon

.

was 1 3 miles below G ermanna That his ore (which .

was very rich ) he raised a mile from his furnace and ,

was obliged to cart the iron when it was made fifteen , ,

miles to M a s saponax a plantation he had upon R appa

,

b annock River ; but that the road was exceeding good ,

ge ntly declining all the way and had no more than one ,

hill to go in the whole j ourney For this reason his load .

ed carts went it in a day without diffi culty He said it .

was true his works were of the oldest standing : but that
 PR O G R E S S To T II E MI N E S 91

his long absence in England and the wretched manage ,

ment of M r G ream e whom he had entrus ted with his

.
,

affairs had put him back very much That what with
, .
,

negle ct and sev e rity above eighty of h is slaves were

,

lost while h e was in England and mo st of his cattle ,

starved That his furnace stood still a great part of the

.

time and all his plantatio ns ran to ruin That inde ed

, .

he was rightly serv ed for commi tting his aff airs to t h e

care of a mathematician whose thoughts were always ,

among the stars That nevertheless S ince his return

.
, ,
’
he had applie d himself to re ctify his steward s mi s takes ,

and bring his business again into order That now he .

had contriv ed to do ev e rything wi th his own people ,

e xcept raising the mine and running the iron by which ,

he had contracted his expense very much N ay he .

,

believed that by h is dire ctions he could bring sensible

negroes to perform those parts of the wo rks tolerably
well But at the same time he gave me to understand
.
,

that his furnace ha d don e no great feats lately because ,

he had been take n up in building an air furnace at

M assaponax which he had now brought to perfection
, ,

and should be thereby able to furnish the whole country

wi th all sorts of cast iron as cheap and as good as ever
,

ca me from England I told him he must do one thing

more to have a full vent for those commodities m
.

-
e
must keep a Shallop running into all the rivers to carry ,

his wares home to pe o ple s own doors A nd if he ’

.

would do that I would s et a good example and take off

, ,

a whole ton of them O ur convers ation on this sub.

ject continued till dinner which was both elegant and ,

plentiful The afternoon was devote d to the ladies

.
,

who showed me one of their most beautiful walks .

They conducte d me through a shady lane to the landing ,

and by the way made me drink some v e ry fine water

that issued from a marble fo untain and ran incessantly , .

J ust behind it was a covere d bench wh ere M iss Thek y ,

92 HIS TO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

often sat and b ewailed her virginity Then we pro .

c eede d to the riv e r which is the south branch o f R appa

b annock about fifty yards wide and so rapid that t h e
, ,

ferry boat is drawn over by a chain and th e refore called ,

the R apidan A t night we drank pro sperity t o all the

.

’
Colonel s proj ects in a bowl of rack punch and then ,

retired to our d evotions .

2 9 th Having employe d about two hours in r e tire

.

ment I sallied out at the first summons to breakfast

, ,

where our conversation with the ladie s like whip silla ,

bub was very pretty but had nothing in it This it

, , .

seems was M iss Th ek y s birthday upon which I made ’

her my compliments and wished she might live twic e ,

as long a married woman as sh e had li ved a maid I .

did not presume t o pry into the secret o f her age nor ,

was sh e forward to disclose it fo r this humble reason , ,

lest I t ho u ld think her wisdom fell short of h er years .

S he contri ved to make this day of her birth a day of

mourning for having nothing better at pre s ent to set
h er affections upon she had a dog that was a gre at ,

favorite I t happened that very morning the poor cur

.

’
had done something very uncleanly upon the Colonel s
bed for which he wa s condemned to die H owever
, .
,

upon her entreaty she got him a reprieve ; but was so

,

concerned that so much severity shou ld be intended on

her birthday that she was not to be c o mf orted ; and
,

lest such another accident might oust the po o r cur of

his clergy she prote sted she would board out her dog
,
’
at a neighbour s house where she hoped he would be ,

more kindly treated .

We had a M ichaelmas goose for dinner of M iss Thek y s

’

own raising who was now good natured e nough to for

,

get the j eopardy o f her dog I n the afternoon we walked .

in a meadow by the riverside which wi nds in the form ,

of a horse shoe about G erm anna making it a peninsula

-
, ,

containing about four hundre d acres Rap pahanno ck .

forks about fourt e en miles below this place the northern ,

 PR O G R E S S T o T HE I
M NE S .
93

branch b eing the larger and consequently must be ,

t he river that bounds my Lord F airfax s grant o f the

’

N o rth ern N e ck .

3 o th
. The sun rose clear this morning a nd so did I , ,

and finished all my little aff airs by breakfast I t was .

then res olv e d to wait o n the ladie s on h o rse back sin ce ,

t h e bright sun the fine air and the wh o lesome ex ercise

, , ,

all invite d us to it We forded the river a li ttle above

.

the ferry and rode six mile s up the neck to a fi ne level

,

piece of rich land where we found about twenty

,

plants of ginseng with the s carlet berries growing on

,

the t o p of t he middle stalk The ro o t o f this is of won .

derfu l virtu e in many cases particularly to rai s e the ,

spirits and pro mote p erspiration which makes it a ,

spe cific in colds and coughs Th e Colon e l complimente d .

m e with all we fo und in re turn for my te lling him the

virtues o f it We we re all ple ased t o find so much of
.

’
thi s king of plants so near the Colonel s habitation and ,

growing too up o n his own land ; but were surprised ,

how ev er t o find it upon level ground after we had been

, ,

told it grew only upon the north side of stony moun

tains I carried home this treasure with as much j oy
.

as if every root had be en a graft of the tree of life and ,

washed and dried it carefully This airing made us as .

hungry as so many hawks so that between appetite ,

and a very good dinner it was difficult to eat like a ,

philosopher I n the afternoon the ladie s walked me

.

about amongst all th eir little animals with which they ,

amuse them s elve s and furnish the table ; t h e worst of it

is th e y are so tender hearted they sh ed a silent tear
-
,

every time any of th em are killed .

October I s t O ur la d ie s overslept themselves this

.

morning so that we did not break our fast till ten

, .

We drank tea made of the leaves of ginseng which has ,

the virtues of the root in a weaker degree and is not ,

disagreeable .
94 H IS TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

2dThis being the day appointed for my departure

.

from hence I packed up my eff e cts in good time ; but

,

the ladies whose dear companies we were to have to

,

the min es were a little tedious in their equipment

, .

H owever we made a Shift to get into t he coach by ten

’
o clock ; but little master who is under no government , ,

would by all means go on horseback Before we s et .

out I gave M r Russel the trouble of distributing a

.

pistole among the servants of which I fancy the nurs e ,

had a pretty good share being no small favourite We , .

drove over a fine road to the mines which lie thirt een ,

measured miles from the G erm anna each mile b eing ,

marked distinctly upon the trees The Colonel has a .

great deal of land in his mine tract exceedingly barren ,

and the growth of tre es upon it is hardly big enough for

coaling H owever the treasure under ground make s
.
,
’
amends and renders it worthy to be his lady s j ointure
, .

We lighted at the mines which are a mile neare r Ger ,

manna than t h e furnace They raise abundance o f o re .

there great part of which is very rich We saw his

, .

engine e r blow it up after the following manner H e .

drilled a hole about eighteen inches deep humouring ,

the situation of the mine When h e had dried it with .

a rag fastened to a worm he charge d it with a cart ,

ridge containing four ounces o f p o w dei including the ,

prim ing Then h e rammed the hole up with soft s tone

.

to the very mouth after that he pierced through all ,

with an iron calle d a primer which is tap er and e nds in ,

a Short poin t I nto the hole which the prime r makes

.
,

the priming is put which is fired by a paper moistened

,

with a solution of saltpetre A nd this burns leisurely .

enough it seems to give time to the perso ns concerned

, ,

to retreat out of harm s way A ll the land hereabouts

’
.

seems paved with iron ore ; so that there see ms to b e

enough to feed a furnace for many ages F rom hence .

we proceeded to t h e furnace which is built of rough ,

stone having been the first of that kind erected in the

,
 PR O G R E S S T O T HE M NE S I .
95

country I t had no t blown for several moons the Col

.
,

o ne l having taken o ff great part of his pe o ple to carry

on his air furnace at M a s saponax H ere t h e wheel that .

carried the bello ws was no more than twe nty feet diam
eter ; but was an overshot wheel that went with little
water This was n eces sary here becau s e water is
.
,

something scarce notwithstanding it is supplied by two ,

streams o ne of which is conveyed 1 9 00 feet through

,

wooden pipes and the other 60 The name of the

, .

foun der employed at pre s ent is one Godfrey of t h e ,

kingdom of I reland whose wages is thre e shilli ngs and ,

six pence per ton for all the iron he run s and his p ro
-
,

visio ns This man told m e that the b e st wood for

.

coaling is red oak H e complained that the Colon el .

starves his works out of whimsicaln ess and frugality ,

endeavouring to do everything with his own people ,

and at the same time taking them o ff up o n every

vagary that co mes into his h ead H ere t he coal carts .

discharge their loads at folding doors mad e at t he bot ,

tom which is sooner don e and shatters the coal less

, , .

They carry no more than o ne hundred and ten bushels .

The Colonel advised me by all m eans to have the coal

made on the same s ide the riv er with the furnace not ,

only to avoid the charge of boating and bags but like ,

wise to avoid breaking of the coals and making them ,

less fit for use H aving picked the bon e s of a sirloin of

.

b eef we took leave of t he ladies and rode t o gether

, ,

about five miles wh ere the roads parted Th e Colo n e l

, .

to o k that to M assaponax which is fifteen mile s from his ,

furnace and very level and I that t o F redericksburg

, , ,

which cannot be less than twent y I was a little .

benighted and should no t have s e en my way if the

, ,

lightning which flashed continually in my face had

, ,

not b efriend e d me I got ab o ut seven o clock to C01 ’

H arry Willis s a little moistened with the rain ; but a

. .

glass of good wine kept my p o res ope n and prevented ,

all rheums and defl uxio ns for that time .

96 HIS TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

3 d I was obliged to rise early here that I might not

.

starve my landlo rd who se constitution requires him to,

swallow a beef steak before the sun blesses the earth

-

with its genial rays H oweve r he was so complaisant .

,
’
as to bear the gnawing of his stomach till eight o clock ,

for my sake Colon e l Waller after a s core of loud hems

.
,

to clear his throat broke his fast along with us When

, .

this nece s sary affair wa s de spatched Co lonel Willi s ,

walked me about his to wn o f F redericksburg I t is .

pleasantly situated on t he south shore of Rapp ah an

nock River about a mile b e low the falls S lo ops may
,
.

co me up and lie close to the wharf within 3 0 yards of ,

the public ware houses which are built in the figure of

-
,

a cross J ust by the wharf is a quarry of white stone

.

that is very soft in the ground and hardens in the air , ,

appearing to be as fair and fine grained as that of Port

la nd Besides that there are several other quarries in
.

the river bank within the limits of the town sufficient

, ,

to build a large city The only edifice of stone yet .

built is the prison ; the walls of which are strong enough

to hold J ack S heppard if he had been transported ,

thither Though this be a comm odious and beautiful

.

situation for a town with the advantage s of a navigable ,

river and wholesome air yet the inhabitants are v e ry ,

few Besides Colonel Willis wh o is the top man of the

.
,

place there are only one merchant a tailor a smith

, , , ,

and an ordinary keeper ; though I must not forget M rs .

L ev i st o ne who acts here in the double capacity of a

,

doctress and co ff ee woman A n d were this a populous .

city she is qualified to exerci s e two other callings I t

, .

is said that the courthouse and the church are going to

be built here and then both religion and ju stice will
,

help to enlarge the place Two mile s from this place is .

a spring strongly impregnated with alum and so is the ,

earth all about it This water does wonders for those

.

that are afli ict ed with a dropsy A n d on the other side .

the river in K ing George County 1 2 miles from hence

, , ,
 PR O G R E S S T o T HE M NE S I 97

is another spring of strong steel water as good as that at

Tun bridge Wells N ot far from this last spring are
'

England s iron mines called so fro m the chief manager

’

of them though the land belongs to M r Washington

, . .

These mines are two mile s from the furnac e and M r , .

Wa shington raises the ore and carts it thith er for 2 0

,

shillings the ton of iron that it yie lds The furnace is .

built on a run which discharges its waters into P o to

,

mac A nd when the iron is cast they cart it about six

.
,

miles t o a landing on that river Be sides M r Wash . .

ingt on and M r England th e re are several oth er p er

.
,

sons in England conce rned in these works M atters

, , .

are very well managed there and no exp ense is spare d

,

to make th em profitable which is not the case in the

,

works I have already mentioned .

 C HA P TER XII .

T he Kn i g h t s o f t he Ho r se sh o e .

I t has been stated that Governor S potswood s tra ’

montane expedition started from G ermanna The .

Governor and J ohn F ontain e who had b e en an ensign

, ,

in the British army and had lately come to Virgi nia ,

came thither from Wi lliamsburg and F ontaine s ,

’

quaint J ournal constitutes the historical warp and

woof of any account that can be given of the expedition .

The gentlemen of the party appear to have been

S potswood F ontaine Beverley the histo rian of Vir
, , ,

ginia in 1 7 03 Colonel R obertson A ustin S mith who

, , ,

abandoned the expedition the s econd day because of

sick ness Todd D r R obinson Taylor Brooke M as o n
, , .
, , , ,

and Captains Clou der and Smith ; the whole number

of the party was about fifty and as Campb e ll remarks ,

and the J ournal S hows they had an abundant supply

,

of provisions and an extraordinary vari ety of liquors .

Probably but for the frequent manifestations of lo yalty

by the party in drinking the healths of the royal family
and themselves a better idea could be fo rme d of the
,

route followed S uffice it to say here that it appears to

.

have been wholly within the co nfines of whdt was then

Spotsylvania and afterwards becam e O range County
,
.

Rev D r Phili p S laughter in his Hi s tory o f S t M ark s

“ ’
. . .
,

Parish undertook to outlin e the route and even to ,

98
 T HE K N I G HT S O F T HE HO R S E S HO E 99

attempt a diagram of it M anif estly there is so much

.

conj e cture in both the outline and diagram that it can

not b e accepted as serious history I t confute s itself .

by its own ingenui ty .

N ames of places as given in the J ournal have come

, ,

down to the present time as M in e Run and M oun tain

, ,

Run The forks of the Rappahanno ck above Ger

.

manna can only mean the confluence of the Robertson

and Rapidan rivers ; after that all is confusion and pure
guesswork un til S wift Run is reached .

F ontaine calls the Ra pidan the Rappahanno ck its ,

true name at that period throughout the westward ,

j ourney ; returning he calls it the Rapidan a name it ,

never had until so called by S potswood about the date

of this expedition .

'

Beverley s ays in t h e preface to t he s eco nd edition

,

“ ”
of his H istory of Virginia contradicting a more
absurd statement of Oldmi xo n ; I wa s with the presen t
Governor at the head spring of both these rivers ( Rap
p ah annock and York ) and their fountains are in the
highest ridge of mountains ; D r S laughter that as .
, ,

‘
S wift Run Gap is the only pass which the head waters
”
of York J ames and Rapp ahanno ck approximate etc
, , .

The well asce rtained fact is that the ultimate head

springs of the York are within a few miles of Gordons
ville and the head spring of t h e Rap p ahanno ck some
,

miles to the ea s t of S wift Run Gap ; so both these con

tentions fall .

F ontaine s statement is s imply that they came to

’

the very head sprin g of J ames R iver where it runs no

’ ”
bigger than a man s arm from u nder a big stone where ,
1 00 HISTO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

they drank many healths at the very top of the A ppala

chian M ountains ; and that about a musket shot from
this spring there is another which runs down on the
other side This statement can be confirmed by any
.

traveller through the gap and his gen eral description of

,

the near approach to the gap is very realistic as one

follows the turnpike J ournal in hand O f course this
, .

head spring of the J ames is its eastern head spring and ,

the spring distant from it about a musket sh ot flows into

the S henandoah and thence into the Potomac .

There is no reason to doubt and every reason to ,

believe that this crossing of the Blue Ridge was made in

,

1 7 1 6 and was almost certainly the first that had ever

,

been made by any body of white men S o when S pot .

sylvania was formed four years later and its south ,

”
western line was run from a convenient point on the
N orth A nna to the river on the west side of the great
“
mountain s so as to include the northern passage
”
through the said mountains and that line has sub
,

sisted substantially from that day to this the conclusion ,

seems un avoidable that S wift Run Gap is the place

where S potswood crossed The line runs but a few
.

miles southwest of the gap wi th no interven ing good

,

pass .

The footnote to the J ournal sufficiently indicates the

bestowal of miniature horseshoes upon these gentle
men adventurers and any further attempted elabora
,

t ion of it would be mere conj ecture I t is very remark .

able howev e r that all of these j eweled tokens of the

, ,

“
expedition have disappeared I n the Romance The .
,
”
K nights of the H orseshoe by D r Caruthers i s pub
, .
,

lished a letter from Judge Brooke of Fredericksburg to

 THE K N I G HT S O F T HE HO R S E S HO E 1 01

the author in which he te stifies that he had seen one of

them Campbell the careful historian relates that the
.
, ,

one which had belonged t o S potswo od was small enough

to be worn on a watch chain S ome of th e m if not all
.
, ,

were set with j ewels .

Curious and careles s as it may seem seve ral Virginia

”
,

“
historians have published t h e legend as S i c ju rat ,
”
in stead of ] u vat ; and even J ohn E s ten Cooke in his
”
S torie s from the O ld D ominion forfeiting all doubt ,

as to a typ ographical error so wri tes it and then trans

,

lates his bad Latin S o they swore to cross the moun

,

tains an error which is correct ed in his graver work ,

“
the H i s tory of Virginia in the A merican Common
wealths s eries .

I t has been impossible to asce rtain where the fiction

“ ”
of knighthood originated a dignity which only ,

royalty or qua si royalty co uld confer : it s eems impro b

able that the ever loyal S potswood would have pre
“ ”
sum ed to estab li sh an O rder of his own .

I n a former paragraph it h as been stated with co nfi

dence that this crossing of the Blue R idge was almost
certainly the first by any body of white men ; which
statement was not made in ignorance of other claims to
that distinction I n an A bridgement of the Public
.

Laws of Virginia in force and use J une 1 0 1 7 2 0 Lo n , , ,

don 1 7 2 8 in the Library of Congress at page 1 63 1 65

, , ,
-
,

there appears an address of the Burgesses to the K ing ,

in which it is distinctly stated that there are only two

”
kno wn passes through the Blue R idge : the N orthern
pass and the one on R oanoke leading to the south .

“
Three white men an I ndian and a former servant
”
,
1 02 H I S T O RY OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

’
appear to have passed through Wood s Gap near the ,

N o rth Carolina line as early as 1 67 1 but nothing was

, ,

accompli shed by them towards opening up the great

Valley of Virginia ,

“
The D iscoveries of J ohn L ederer in Three S everal
M arches from Virginia published in L ondon in 1 67 2
, ,
’
so discredits itself by travellers tales as to forfeit all
,

claim to be called history F rom the top of the Blue

.

R idge he saw the A tlantic O cean washing the Vir

ginia shore and sundry other impossible things ; and
it seems to be agreed that if perchance he did ascend
, ,

the Blue R idge he certainly did not descend the western

slope ( S ee A mer A nthropologist IX
. .
, ,
 THE K N I G HT S O F T HE HO R S E S HO E 1 03

T HE VI INI AN RG S O F T HE VA LL E Y .

S ic J uvat .

Th e knightli s t f t h knightly race

e o e ,

Wh o Sin c t he days o f ld e o

H a k pt t he lam ps o f chi alry

, ,

ve e v

A light in he arts o f go ld .

Th k in d li s t f t h e k indly ban d
e e o

Wh rare ly h at d e a e
o e s ,

Y t r d e with S p o t w o d ro un d t he land
’
e o s o

A nd R aleigh ro un d t h s as !
’
e e

Wh o clim b e d blu Virgi nia h ills

t he e

Am id em battle d foes
A nd p lan t d th r i n V alle ys fair
,

e e e, ,

Th lily and t h ros ;

e e e

Wh s fragran c li s in m an y land s
o e e ve ,

Wh ose b au ty s tars t h arth

e e e ,

A nd lights t h e h a rt o f m an y h m es e s o

With lo e liness and w rth

v o .

We thou ght the y S le pt ! the s e s ons w ho ke pt

Th eam e s o f n o bl ires
n e s ,

A n d lum b er d whil t h dark ne ss c re pt

s e e e

Around th ir Virgi n fires ! e

B u t s till t h G ld n H o rs h o e Knights
e o e es

T h ei r O ld D om ini o n k ee p ,

T h ir foe s ha e fo u nd e n chan te d g ro und

e v

B u t n o t a Knight a s le p e .

The above poem written by Ticknor of Georgia , , ,

about 1 8 6 1 seems an appropriat e introduction to the

,

“
J ournal a s copied from the M emoirs of a H uguenot
,
”
F amily.
1 04 HI S T O R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

J OH N N A INFO T
’
E S J OU R NA L .

Wi lli ams bu rg I n the mornin g got

,
2 o th A u gu s t, 1 7 1 6 .

my horses ready and what baggage was necessary and

, ,

I waited on the Governor who was in readiness for an ,

expedition over the A ppalachian mountains We bre ak .

fasted and about t en got on horseback and at four

, ,

came to the Brick house upon York R iver where we -

, ,

crossed the ferry and at six we came t o M r Austin , .

M oor s house upon M attapony River in K ing Willi am

’

, ,

County ; here we lay all night and were well enter

t ained .

2 1s t F air weath er At ten we set out from M r

. . .

M oor s and crossed the river of M attapony and con

’

, ,

t inued on the road and were on horseback till nine of ,

the clock at night before we came to M r R obert , .

’
Beverley s house where we were well entertained and
, ,

remained this night .

2 2 d A t nine in the morning we set out from M r

.
, .

’
Beverley s The Governor left his chaise here and
.
,

mounted his horse The weather fair we continued .

,

on our j ourn e y un til we came t o M r Woodford s where .

’

we lay and were well entertained This house lies on

, .

Ra pp ahanno ck River ten mile s b e low the falls , .

2 3 d Here we remained all this day

. and diverted ,

ourselves and rested our horses .

2 4th I n the morning at seven

. we mounted our
horses and came to A ustin S mith s house about ten
, ,

where we dined and remained till about one of the

,

clock then we set out and ab o ut nine of the clock we

, , ,

came to the German town where we rested that night -

,

— bad beds and indiff ere nt entertainment .

G erman town 2 5 th A fter dinner we went to see the

-
, .

mines but I could not observ e that there was any

,

good mine The Germans pretend that it is a silver

.

mine ; we took some of the ore and endeavoured to run

 THE K N I G HT S O F T HE HO R S E S HO E 10
5

it but could get nothing out of it and I am of opinion

, ,

it will not come to anything no no t as much a s lead , , .

M any of the gentlemen of the county are concerned in

thi s wo rk We returned to o ur hard b e ds
. .

2 5 th A t seven we got up and s ev e ral gentlemen of

.
,

the country that were to meet the Gov e rn o r at this

plac e for the expedition arrived here as also two com ,

p anies of rangers consisting each of six men and an

,

offi cer F our M eh errin I ndians also came

. .

I n the morning I diverted myself with other ge ntle

men shooting at a mark A t twe lve we din e d and .
,

after dinn e r we mounted our horses and crossed the

Rappah annock R iv e r that ru n s by this place and , ,

went to fi n d out so me c o nvenient place for our horses

to fee d in and to view the land hereabouts O ur
, .

gui de left us and we we nt so far in the woods that we

, ,

did not know the way back again ; so we hallo oed and
fired our gun s H alf an hour after sun set the gui de
.
,

came t o us and we went to cro s s the river by anothe r

,

ford higher up The descent to the river being steep

.
,

and t he night dark we were oblige d to dismount and , ,

lead our hors es down to the river side which was very ,

troublesome The bank being very steep the greatest

.
,

part of our company went into the water to mount

their horses where they were up to the crotch in water
, .

A fter we had forded the river and come to the other

side where the bank was steep also in going up the
, ,

horse of one of our company slipped and fell back into

the river on the top of his rider but he received no ,

oth er damage than being heartily wet which made ,

sport for the rest A hornet s tung one of the gentle

.

men in the face which swelled tremendously A bout

, .

ten we came to the town where we supped and to bed , , .

2 7 th Got our tents in order

. and our horses shod ,
.

A bout twelve I was taken with a violent headache and

,

pains in all my bones so that I was obliged to lie ,

down and was very bad that day

, .
1 06 HISTO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

2 8 th . About
in t he morning I was take n wi th a
o ne ,

violent fever which abated about six at night and I

, ,

began to take the bark and had one ounc e divided into ,

eight doses and took two of them by ten of the clock

,

that night The fever abated but I had great pains in

.
,

my head and bones .

z 9i k I n t he morning we got all things in readiness

.
,

and about one we left t he Germ an town to s et out on -

our intended j ourn e y A t five in the afternoon the .

,

Govern o r gave orders to encamp near a small river ,

three miles from G ermanna which we called Expedi ,

tion Run and here we lay all night This firs t encamp
, .

ment was called Beverley Camp in honor of one of the

gentlemen of our party We mad e great fires and .
,

supped and drank good punch By ten of the clock

,
.

I had taken all of my ounce of J esuit s Bark but my ’

head was much out of order .

3 o th I n
. the morning about seven of the clock the ,

trumpet sou nded to awake all the company and we ,

got up O ne Austin S mith one of the gentlemen with

.
,

us having a fever returned home We had lain upon

, , .

the grou nd under cover of our tents and we foun d by ,

the pains in our bones that we had not had good beds to
lie upon A t nine in t he morning we sen t our ser
.
,

vants and baggage forward and we remained because ,

’
two of the Governor s horses had strayed A t half .

past two we got the horses at three we mounted and , ,

at half an hour after four we came up with our baggage

at a small river three miles on the way which we called
, ,

M ine River because there was an appearance of a

,

silver mine by it We made about three miles more .

,

and came to another small river which is at the foot of ,

a small mountain so we encamped h ere and called i t ,

M ountain Run and our camp we called Todd s Camp

,
’
.

We had good pasturage for our horses and venison in ,

abundance for ourselves which we roasted before the ,

fire upon wooden forks and so we went to bed in our ,

tents M ade six miles this day

. .
 T HE K N I G HT S O F T HE HO R S E S HO E 07

3 I st . At
ight in the morning we set out fro m M oun
e ,

tain Run and after going fi v e miles w e came upon the

,

upper part of Rapp ah anno c River O ne of the gentle .

m en and I we kept out o n one side o f t h e c o mpany

,

ab o ut a mile to hav e the b etter hunting I saw a

, .

d eer and shot him from my ho rse but the h orse threw
, ,

me a t errible fall and ran a way ; we ran afte r and with ,

a great deal of difficulty go t him again ; but we could

not fi n d the deer I had shot and we lo s t ourselve s and , ,

it was two hou rs before w e could come upo n the track

o f our company A bo ut five miles further we crossed
.

th e same river again and two miles further we met ,

with a large bear which one of our company s hot and I

, ,

got the skin We killed several de e r and ab o ut two

.
,

miles from the place where we killed the b e ar we ,

encamped upon Rapp ahanno c R iver F ro m o u r .

encampment we could see t h e A ppalachian H ills v ery

plain We made large fires pitched our tents and cut
.
, ,

boughs to lie upo n had good liquor and at ten we went , ,

’
to s leep We always kept a s entry at the Governor s
.

door We called this S mith s Camp M ade this day

.
’
.

1 4 miles .

I s t S eptemb er A t eight we mounted our horses and

, .
,

made the first five miles of our way through a very

pleasant plain which lie s where Rapp ah anno c Riv e r
,

forks I saw there the largest timber the fin est and

.
,

deepest mould and the best grass that I ever did see
, .

We had some of our baggage put out of order and our ,

company dismounted by hornets stinging the horse s , .

This was some hindrance and did a little damage but , ,

aff orded a great deal of div e rsion We kille d thre e .

bears thi s day which exercised the horse s as well as the

,

men We saw two fox e s but did not pursue th em ; we

.

killed sev eral deer A bout fi v e of the clo ck we came .

,

to a run of water at the foot of a hill wh ere we pitched ,

o u r tents We called t h e encampment D r R obin s on s

. .
’
1 08 HIS TO R Y OF OR A NG E CO U N T Y

Camp and the river Blind Ru n We had good pastur

, .

a ge fo r our horses and everyone was cook for him s e lf

We made our beds wi th bushes as before O n this day

, .

we made 1 3 miles .

2 d A t nine we were all on horseback and after riding

.
,

about five miles we crossed the Rapp ahannoc R iver ,

almost at the head where it is very small We had a , .

rugged way ; we passed over a great many small runs

of water some of which were very deep and o th ers
, ,

very miry S everal of our company were di s mount ed

.
,

so me were down with th e ir hors e s and s o me thrown

We saw a b ear running down a tree but it being
,

o ff
.
,

S unday we did not end e avour to kill anything We

, .

encamped at fi v e by a small river we called White O ak

R iver and called our camp Taylor s Camp
,
’
.

3 d A bout eight we were on horseback and about

.
,

ten we came to a thicket so tightly laced together that ,

we had a great deal of trouble to get through ; our

baggage was injured our clothes torn all to rags and , ,

t h e saddles and holsters also torn A bout five of the .

clock we encamped almost at the head of J ames R iver ,

j ust below the great mountains We ca lled this camp

Colonel R obertson s Camp We made all this day but
.

’
.

eight miles
4th We had two of our men sick with the measles
.

.
,

and one of our horses poisoned with a rattlesnake We .

took the heaviest of our baggage our tired horses and , ,

t h e sick men and made as convenient a lodge for th e m

,

as we could and left p e ople to guard them and hunt

, ,

for them We had finished this work by twelve and

.
,

so we set out The s ides of the mountains were so full

.

of vines and briers that we were forced to clear most of,

the way before us We crossed one of the small moun .

tains this side the A ppalachian and from the top of it ,

we had a fine V iew of the plains belo w We were .

obliged to walk up the most of the way there being ,

abundance of loose stones on t h e s ide of the hill I .

 THE K N I G HT S O F T HE H O R S E S HO E 1 09

killed a large rattle snake here and the other people ,

killed three mo re We made about four miles and so

.
,

came to the side of J ame s R iver wh ere a man may ,

jump over it and there we pitched our tents A s the

, .

p e ople were li ghting the fire th ere came out o f a large ,

lo g of wood a prodigio us snak e which th e y kille d ; so ,

this camp was called Rattles nake Camp but it was ,

’
otherwise called Brooke s Camp .

5.th A fair day A t nin e we were mounted

.
; we were
oblige d to have axemen to clear the way in some places .

We followed the windings of J ames River observing ,

that it came from the very top of t h e mountains We .

killed two rattle snakes during our ascent I n so me .

places it was very steep in oth ers it was so that we ,

could ride up A bout one of the clock we got t o t h e

.

t o p of the mo u ntain ; about four miles and a half and

we came to the very he ad spri ng o f J ames R iver ,

where it runs no bigger than a man s arm from und e r a ’

large stone We drank K ing George s health and all

.
’

the Royal F amily s at the very top of the A ppalachian

’

M ountains A bout a musket shot from the spring

.
,

there is another whi ch rises and runs down on the other

side ; it goes westward and we thought we could go ,

down that way but we met with such prodigious preci

,

p ice s that we were obliged to return to the top again

, .

We found some trees which had bee n fo rmerly marked ,

I suppose by the northern I ndians and fo llowing these

, ,

trees we found a good safe descent S everal of the

, , .

company were for returning but the Govern o r p ersuaded

them to continue on A bout five we were down on the .
,

other s ide and continued our way fo r about seven miles

,

further until we came to a large riv e r by the side of

, ,

which we encamped We made this day 1 4 miles I . .

,

being somewhat more curious than t h e rest went on a ,

high rock on the top of the mountain to s ee fine pros ,

peets and I lost my gun We saw when we were over

, .

the mountain s the foo ting o f elks and buff aloes and ,
 I Io HIS TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

their beds We saw a vine which bore a sort of wild

.

cucumb er and a sh rub with a fruit like unto a currant

We eat v ery good wild grapes We called this place
, .

S pot swood Camp after our Gov ernor , .

6i h We crossed the river which w e called Euphrates

. .

I t is very deep ; th e main cours e of the water is north ;

it is four score yards wi de in the narrowest part We .

drank some healths on the o ther s id e and returned after ,

which I we nt a swimming in it We could not fi n d any .

fordable place except th e one by which we crossed and

, ,

it was deep in several places I got some gras shoppers .

and fished ; and another and I we catched a dish of ,

fish s ome perch and a fish they call chub The others
, , .

went a hunting and killed deer and turkeys The , .

Go vernor had gray ing irons but could not grave any
thing the stones were so hard I graved my name on a
, .

tree by the river side ; and the Governor buried a bottle

with a paper inclosed on which he writ that he took ,

possession of this place in the name and for K ing George

the F irst of England * .

We had a good dinn er and after it we got the men ,

togeth e r and loaded all th eir arms and we drank t he

, ,

K i ng s h ealth in champagne and fired a volley t he

’

, ,
’
Princess s health in Burgund y and fired a volley and , ,

all the rest of the R oyal F amily in claret and a volley , .

’
We drank the Gove rnor s health and fired a nother v o l
lev We had sev eral s orts of liquors viz Virginia red
.
, .

Sp d h u d k g d i y g
i d d i h
o t s w oo
u i gu d
w the
g l o f t h e Pa s s a e
* he re a t
G o v e rn o r en n e rt o o
s c over
u t
o v e r t h e m o n a ns , a tten e
,

u i
i h m k p i i i h u d
w t a s ffi c e n t a r , a nd
p
m e n , w t a s u c i e n t s t o c o f ro v s o n , w t a b n a n t a t i g u e a s s e t e s e
m o nt a ns , a nd c u t h i s M y k up
s n a m e i n a ro c high d h
i o n e e rs a n d

h
ent e

es t o f t em ,
i g g p
a je s t
l i g l f o n t he
’

n am n M u
o nt G e o r e : a nd i n c o m e nt e m e n , ro m t h e G o v
u
it
c r o r s n ame , c a e
ex e
ll d u i
pl d d i iu d h y l l gp d p i d ug y u h i yh
’

t on t e
h
t h e m o n t a n ne x t i nigh u Al
a s anc e t h e
e d
t , M o nt
h
w e re o b i e t o ro v e a re a t q a n t t o f h o rs e s o e s , ( t
h
hi g i
ex an e r For t s
n s
.

om
up hi h up h i u p d h
se se i n t h e o w e r a rt s o f t h e c o n t r , w e re t e re a re f e w s t o n e s ; )
u
on w

li d u l
va
p ic
c o m a n o ns w t i h gal d h
li g h d
o
a b e s t o n e s , re s e m b
en
n
h
a c c o n t t h e G o v e rn o r,
hi h h
o n t e r re t rn ,
o rs e s o e , ( s o m e o f w
i l i hh hi i i i p i
t h e ea s o f n a s , ) w t
c
t
u dd d i h
re s e n t e
I av e s e e n s t
s ns c r
e ac
e
o f his
w t
t o n o n t h e o ne
e : S i c j u v a t t ra n sc e n d ere m o n tes ; a n d o n t h e o t e r i s w r t t e n t h e t ra m o n t a n e
s
dk dTi hi ii i u d l u g g lg l
o r er . s he ns t t t e t o e n c o ra e
s c o v e r e s a n d ne w s e t t e m e n t s ; a n y i u
g i
e nt em an b e n
k d
e n t e m e n t o v e n t re b a c
l d w a r s , a nd

thi u l d gS h h
ma e
s G o
M o nt G eo r e
en oe t t
a c p
a n r oh i g d u k M H y Jh l h up
v e h i s a v n r n h i s a je s
UG H
e nt t e
t ’
s ea t
t o w ear

O N E S , 17 2 4
on
.
.
 THE K N I G HT S O F T HE HO R S E S HO E 1 1 :

win e and white win e I ri sh u squ ebaugh brandy s hrub , , ,

tw o so rts of ru m champagne ca nary ch erry pun ch , , , ,

wate r cider etc , ,

.

I sent two o f the ra ngers to lo o k fo r my gun which I ,

dropp ed in the moun tain s ; th e y found it and brough t ,

it to me and I gave them a pisto le for th e ir tro uble

,
.

We called the highest mountain M o unt George and t h e ,

o ne we crossed over M oun t S pot swo o d .

7 th A t s even
. in the morning we m o un ted our hor s es ,

and parted with the rangers who were t o go farther o n , ,

and w e returned homewards ; we repa sse d t h e moun

tain s and at fi v e in the aft ernoo n we ca me to H o spital
,

Camp where w e left o ur si ck men and h eavy baggage

, , ,

and w e foun d all things we ll and sa fe We encamped .

’
here and ca lled it Captain Clou der s Camp
, .

8 th A t nin e we were all on horse back

. We saw .

several b ears and deer and killed so me wild turkey s ,

.

We encamped at the side of a run and call ed t h e pla c e

M a so n s Camp We ha d goo d forage fo r our horses
’
.
,

and we lay as usua l Mad e 2 0 miles th is day . .

9 th We .set out at nine of the clock and before ,

tw elve we saw several bears and killed three O ne of , .

them atta cked one o f our men that w a s ridi n g after

him and narrowly mi s se d him ; he to re his things that
,

he had behind him from the hor se and woul d have ,

d e s troyed him ha d he not had immediate help from

,

the o th er m en and our dogs Som e of t h e dog s suf .

fere d s ev erely in this e ngagement At tw o w e cross ed .

one of t h e branch e s of t h e Ra p p aha nno c R iv er and at ,

five we enca mp ed o n th e side o f t h e Ra pid A nn on a ,

tract of la nd tha t M r B ev erle y ha th de sign to tak e up

We made t h i s day 2 3 mil es and called t his ca mp
. .

, , ,

Captain S mith s Camp We ea t part o f o ne o f the

’
.

bear s which tasted v ery well and would be goo d and

, , ,

might pa s s fo r v eal if one di d not kn o w what it w as , .

We were very m erry and div e rted o urs elves with our ,

adv entures .
112 HISTO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

1 0th . At
eight we were on horseback and about ten , ,

as we were goi ng up a s mall hill M r B everley and his , .

horse fell down and they both rolled to the bottom ; ,

but th ere were no bones broken on either sid e At .

twelve as we were cro ssing a run of water M r Clou der

, , .

fell in so we calle d thi s place Clou d er s Run A t one

,
’
.

we arrived at a large spring where we dined and drank ,

a bowl of pun ch We called this F ontaine s S pring .

’
.

A bout two we got on horseback and at four we reached ,

G ermanna The Governor thanked t h e gentlemen for

.

their assistance in the expedition M r M ason left us . .

here I went at five to swim in t he Rapp ahannoc

.

R iver and returned to the town

, .

1 z i k A fter breakfast all our company left us exc e pt

.

D r Robinson and M r Clouder We walked all about

. . .

the town and t he Governor settled his busines s with t he

,

Germans here and accommodated the minister and the

,

people and then to bed , .

1 2 th A fter bre akfast went a fishing In the R appa

.

hanno c and took seven fi sh which we had for dinner ; ,

after which M r R obinson and I we end e avoured to .

,
’
melt some ore in the smith s forge but could get nothing ,

out of it D r R obinson s and M r Clo u der s boys were

. .
’
.
’

taken violently ill with fever M r R o bin son and M r . . .

Clo u der left us and the boys remained behind , .

1 3 th A bout eight of the clock we mounted our

.

horses and went to the mine where we took several

, ,

piec es o f ore and at nine we set o u t from the mine our ,

servants having gone b efore ; and about three we over

took them in the woods and there the Governor and I ,

di ned We mounted afterwards a nd continued on our

road I killed a black snake about five feet long We
.
,

. .

arrived at M r VVoo dfo rd s on Rap pah annoc R iver

.
’

, ,

ab o ut six and remained there all night

, .

1 4th A t seven we sent our baggage and horses before

.

us ; and at ten we mounted our horses ; we killed

another snake four fe et nine inches long At twelve we
, .
 T HE K N I G HT S OF T HE HO R E S HO E 1 1
3

came t o the church ; where we met with M r Buckner .

,

and remained till two to settle some county busin e ss ; ,

then we mounted our horses and saw several wild tur ,

ke ys o n the road ; and at sev e n we reach ed M r Bever .

le y s house which is upon the head of M attapony

’

River where we were well entertained M y boy was

, .

taken with a violent fever and very sick , .

I 5 ih A t seven my servant was somewhat better and

.
,

I sent him away with my horses and abou t ten t he ,

Governor took his chaise and I with him and at twelv e , ,

we came to a mill dam which we had great difficulty t o

-
,

get t h e chaise over We got into it again and continued

.
,

o n our way and about five we arrived at M r B aylo r s

’
.
, ,

where we remained all night .

1 6th M y s e rvant was so sick that I was obliged t o

.
,

leave him and the Governor s servants to ok care of my

,
’

ho rse s A t ten we sent the chaise ov e r M attapony

.

R iver and it being S unday we went to the church in

, ,

K ing William County where we h e ard a sermon from ,

M r M onroe
. .

A fter sermon we continued our j ou rney un til we

came to Mr West s plantation where Colonel B assett
.
’

waited for the Governor with his pinnace and oth er ,

boats for his s ervants We arriv e d at his house by .

fi v e of the clock and were n o bly entertained

, .

I 7 th A t ten we left Colonel Bassett s and at thre e

’
.
,

we arrived at Willi amsburg where we dined tog ether , ,

and I went to my lo dgings and to bed being well tired , , ,

as well as my horses .

I reckon that from Williamsburg to t he Euphrate s

River is in all 2 1 9 miles so that our j ourney g o ing and , ,

coming has been in all 4 3 8 miles

, .

[N O TE The distance fro m G ermanna to Elkton the

.
,

supposed point on the S heanadoah reached by the

expedition is about s ixty miles following the roads of
, ,

t o day ]
-
.
 C HA P TER X II I .

Ph ysic al F e at u r e s .

in th e Piedmont b elt about twe nty fi v e t o

O ra nge i s ,
-

thirty mile s from the fo o t o f th e Blue Ridge Th e .

mean di stance from Washington and Richmond i s

8 5 miles from tidewat e r at F rede ri cksburg 4 0 miles
, , .

The County is almost bisected by the S outh We s t

M ountains so called because their trend is northeast and
,

southwest They constitute the main water shed

.
,

though by reason of their many convolutions there are

variations Generally s peaking the waters north
.
,

ward o f the mountains flow t o the R apidan those ,

s outhward to the N orth A nna ; yet towards Gordons

ville north O f the mountains s om e streams flow into

, ,

the S outh A nna At Gord o n sville M ain stre et is a

.
,

wat ershed the waters on o ne sid e flowing into the

,

N orth A nna on the oth er into the S outh A nna

, .

A few small streams northwest of B arboursville fall

into the Rivann a and thence into the J ame s With
, .

this exception the waters ultimately reach the Rappa

b annock and the York The very head s pring of t h e
.

York is on the Johnson farm near the crest of the

,

mountain s where the B arboursville pike crosses .

The principal stream s are the R apidan (formerly

Rapid A n ne and so named by Governor S pot s wood )
, ,
 PHYS I AL F
C E ATURES 1 1
5

the N orth Anna the Pamunkey the local name for the
, ,

north fork o f the N orth Anna Blue Run M ountain , ,

Run N e gro Ru n and Wild erness R un

,
Black Walnut
, .

Run is a name identified with t h e earlie st hi story of the

County .

The chief e levation s are Clarke s M oun tain about ’

eight miles e ast of the courthous e where a signal sta ,

tion was maintained during the war elevation above ,

tide (according to U nited S tates Geological survey ,

fro m which all fo llowing elevations are taken ) ,

feet ; Qu arle s s M ountain two miles ea st of courthouse

’

, ,

7 00 feet ; S cott s M ountain near M adison Run

’

, ,

feet ; M erry s M ountain named fo r Prettyman M erry

’

, ,

pro min ent citiz en during the R ev o lution fe et ; ,

Watt s s M o untain in front of Frascati

’
feet ;
, ,

N ewman s M o untain n ear M ontpelier 8 00 feet ; and

’

, ,

H ardwicke s M ountain a few miles northea s t of

’

Barboursville 900 fe et , .

Th e e levation of Gordon sville acc o rding to the pro ,

file of the Cheseap eak e and O hio Railroad is 500 feet , ,

which is 5 1 feet higher than Charlotte sville .

A vein of limestone so narrow that it is ca lled t h e ,

”
string run s through the Co unty from Gordo n sville to
,

the R apidan fo llowin g t h e S outhern Ra ilroad to M ad

,

ison Run where it div erges to the right crossing Church ,

Run at the Taylor farm thence down through H aw ,

”
field, and on to the riv er I n former years much .

lime was burned both for domestic and agricultural ,

uses but it was fo und to be of li ttle value in agriculture

, .
11 6 H I S TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

Professor William B R oge rs in his Geology of .

,
”
Virgi nia gives the following analyses the names of
, ,

present owners being substituted :

L im e s t o ne fro m C o l W H Chapman s fa rm ( fo rme rly C o lby
’
. . .

Cow herd s ) one and o ne half m iles fro m Go rd ons vi lle

’
,
-
.

Carbonate o f lime
Carbonate o f m agne sia — trace
S ilica .

L im e s t one fro m Gi b s o n s qu a rry ( p res en t o w ner u nk no wn) s o u t h

’

s i d e o f R apida n Ri v e r .

Carbonate o f lim e
Carbo nate o f m agne s ia

i
L m es tone fr m R awli ngs qu a rry— ne ar old Zion Mee ting h ous e
o

( p r e n t o w ne r B o w r )
,

tw o m il s fro m C o urth u s
e o e es e s .

Carb on ate o f li m e

Carbonate o f m agn sia e

S ilica 5 60 1

Lim e t ne fro m T o dd s q u a rry —ne a r M adi s o n Run (k now n as

’
s o

t h e m arble q u arry) .

Carbonate f li m o e 5 7 1 2

Carb nate o f m agne ia

o 4 7 s 2 2

S ilica .
3 28
I n each of these analyses small quantities of alumina
and oxide of iron and water are noted ; too inco nsid , ,

era b le to be enumerated here .

Payne Todd stepson of President M adison wasted

, ,

much money in an eff ort to develop a marble quarry ,

which still remains an obj ect of interest but has long ,

“
been full of water and b e come a local fi shing hOle .

Beautiful marble was obtained from it but veined ,

with a very hard quartz so destructive to tools that it

was found to be impracticable to work it S ome .

handsome mantels still extant have been made from it , , .

* hI 1840 t h L gi l tu i p t dn f nntp li r bl C mp ny t
r n e r e T h
s a M e M ” co ora e e o e e ar e o a o

quar y m bl
“
p rph y y” g t fl g t
ar e, o rp i g nd l t f r fi ng h u
r a a e, a s o es o av a s a e o ro o o ses

in t h C un t y f O ng
e o T dd w t h nl y in rp r t r C p it l t k n t
o ra e o as e o co o a o a a s oc o

l th n n r m r t h n $ 200000
. .

ess a o o e a .
 PHY S I AL
C FE A T U R E S 1 1 7

I n the M arsh Run neighborhood and extending ,

from a point near the Rapidan to the Greene corner on

the Barboursville turnpike is a range of hills known as
,

the Blue H ills U nderneath these at varying depths

.
, ,

is a stratum of plum bago or graphite S O far no mer .

chantable quality has been obtained but a company ,

has been lately formed with a view of exploiting the

mineral resources of these hills .

O n the divide between the moun tain section and the

grey land are to be found many fine quarries of a com
p o s i t e stone ,
mai n ly sandstone fi n ely adapted for ,

building purposes .

There are several mineral springs and wells in the

Coun ty and great medicinal v irtues are locally attrib
,

u t ed to some of them .

A noble spring on the old Willis Grove farm the ,

part owned by the late Philip B J ones J r now the .

, .
,

property of M r Egbert L eigh is perhaps the most

.
,

notable There is a tradition which the writer knows

.
,

to be approximately true that two old ladies lived near

,

this spring to the ages of 1 1 0 and 1 2 0 years respectively , ,

and that both enj oyed extraordinary health during all

that time .

There is a mineral well at Mu gler s station ; a well ’

k nown chalybeate spring near the old turnpike n e ar

the S potsylvania line ; and several driven wells at Gor
donsv ille are allege d to be strongly impregnated with
“ ”
li thia. M ineral H ill near Barboursville long owned by ,

M r J ames Barbour N ewm an though not his residence

.
, ,

has long been celebrated for the v irtues of a spring from

“
which the place takes its name ; and there are sulphur
pumps both at Gordonsville and the Courthouse .
118 HI S TO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

Th e general character of the water however outside , ,

of the narrow lime stone belt is pure fre e stone and with , ,

rare exceptions of mo st excelle nt quality though in the ,

red land district many of the springs become tinged

with the color of the soil in long wet spells The num .

ber of springs is something wonderful and no county in ,

the S tate is better watered so that having to drive stock

,

any distance to water is un heard o f .

There are large d eposits of iron ore which have been ,

worked from tim e to tim e and which were considered ,

so valuable once that several miles of railroad were

built to convey the ores to market I t was found out that .

they contained too much phosphorus to comp ete with

the better classes of ore and the in dustry has been
,

abandoned The s e deposits lie mainly along the verge

.

of the limestone belt .

A lso there are gold mines in the lower part of the

”
County the Vaucluse mine being perhaps the best
, , ,

known .

Professor R ogers says : I n S potsylvania and the

adj acent cou nties O range L ouisa F luvanna and
, , ,

Buckingham numerous veins of auriferous rocks have

,

b ee n wrought for some time from many of which rich ,

returns have been procured and under improved modes ,

of operation a still larger profit may be expected .

He is the highest authority on the geology of Virginia ,

but as the improved methods of operating the min es

have not yet been tried his forecast remains only a
forecast .

M r J ames Barbour N ewm an who lived one mile

.
,

east of Barboursville and d ied universally regretted at

, ,

the great age of ninety seven years kept a very careful

-
,
 PHY S I LF CA E ATURES 1 1 9

record of the rainfall for many ye ars He published .

,

in the S outhern Planter and F armer N o vember 1 8 7 9 , , ,

t h e record from 1 8 5 1 to 1 8 7 8 both inclusive a period , ,

of twenty eight years Estimating snow at nine for

- .

one o f water the average yearly precipitation was

52 inch es in 1 8 6 1
— inches The maximum wa s
39 4 7 .
,

the minimum 2 3 7 —8 inches in 1 8 7 2 I t was 2 8 inch e s in .

1 8 5 6 and o n ly in these years and 1 8 5 1 did it fall b e

,

low 3 0 inche s ; only twice in the whole p e rio d did it

exceed 50 inches and in one of these by but an eighth
,

of an inch .

Captain William G Crenshaw began a record of the .

rainfall at Hawfi eld in 1 8 8 0 and it has been dili ,

gently and carefully continued sinc e his death to this

time H is son M r S D abney Crenshaw has kindly
.
, . .

furnished the following data .

A N NU A L R A I N F A LL A T HA WF IE L D O R A N G E C O U N T Y ,

VI R G I N IA .

1 8 8 0 t o S e ptem be r 0 9 0 7 ( in clu si v e ) 1 ,
1 .

1 88 inch es 2 6 4 0
0 . 1 8 9 4 i n ches 3 3 5 5

8 8 inche s
1 1 8 9 5 in ch e s 1

1 8 8 2 i nches 4 2 60 . 1 8 9 6 i n ch es

8 8 3 i n ch e s
1 8 9 7 i n ch es 4 7 5 6 1 .

1 8 8 4 i n ch es 1 8 9 8 i n ch e s

8 8 5 i n ches
1 8 9 9 i n ch e s 1

8 8 6 in ch es 4 5 55
1
9 00 in ch e s 1

1 8 8 7 i n ch es 9 inches 1 01

1 8 8 8 i n ch es 4 9 6 . 0 1 9 2 i n ches 0

1 88 9 in ch e s 5 7 8 3 . 1 9 0 3 in che s

189 inches 3 7 8 4
0 . 1 9 4 i n ch es 3 7 4 7 0 .

1 89 i n ch e s
1
9 5 in ch es 5 43 1 0 1 .

8 9 2 i n ch es
1 1 9 0 6 in ch es 5 7
30 .

8 9 3 in ch e s 4 18 2
1 0 T 9 0 7 in ches I

A v erage fo r 7 7 —1 0 ye ars 4 2 9 3 inches

2 . .

H S
‘
o e p b te m e r 10t h , 1907 .
120 H I S T O RY OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

M r J efferson in his N otes on Virginia gives 4 7

.
, , .

0 3 8 inches as the average of the five years from 1 7 7 2 to

1777 ,
in A lbemarle Grouping the five years in M r
. .

N ewman s record between 1 8 59 and 1 8 63 very nearly

’
,

the same average is found .

“
A ccording to a Gazetteer of Virginia prepared ,

by the U nited S tates Geological Survey in 1 90 4 the ,

mean magnetic declination in 1 900 was 3 and the °

mean temperature 55 to 60 F ahrenheit

° °
.

The elevation above the sea is from 3 00 to feet ;

area 3 4 9 square miles .
 C HA P TER XI V .

S o ci al an d E c o no m i c .

I n the early days almost as a matter of necessity

, ,

“ ”
the sim ple lif e was the rule for the rich and poor
alike.

There was little comfort in the modern sen s e and no ,

luxury The houses were small and rude few having

.
,

glazed windows A ll the lumber was sawn by hand

.
,

usually wi th a pit saw : such nails as were used were

“

’
wrought in the blacksmiths shops and almost every ,

article of domestic use was made at home .

There are several houses yet standing in the County

built of pit sawn lumber and with wrought nails O n
- .

nearly every plantation there were negro carpenters ,

smiths shoemakers brick masons etc and generally

, , , .
, ,

speaking all the implements of agriculture which were

, ,

few and rude and all house furnishings were homemade

, , .

There were few books and little light at night to read

by ; the local roads were mostly bridle paths and , ,

except on rare occasions horseback was the only mo de

,
“ ”
of travel A . bridal tour consisted in the bride s ’

’ “
going to the groom s home on the same horse riding ,

behind him .

“
Visiting neighbors spent the day at least and calls ,

were unknown The well to do got their clothes and

.
- -

wines and some furnishings from England the poorer ,

12 1
12 2 HIS TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

people wore home s pun I nde ed almost do wn to the .

war homespun and home made garments were not

,

uncommon whether woolen hempen or cotton The

, , .

negro women were taught to card spin and weave and , ,

to cut and make t h e clothe s of the children and serv

ants The ladies had their imported silks and linens
.
,

not many of a kind which lasted a long time and were

,

handed down to their daughters Th e planters wore .

broadcloth on pub li c occasions with short bre eches , ,

silk stockings and knee buckles Pewter was far com .

moner than silver or china ware The return on an .

“
execution in 1 7 3 7 shows a gun and sword an old ,

chafing dish a servant woman a p ewt er salt a pewter

, , ,

dram cup and a piece of a looking gla ss

, .

When the tobacco was hauled to F redericksburg to

market the return load was usually family supplies
, ,

and often oysters in the shell which piled in the cellar , ,

and sprinkled occasionally with salt water appear to ,

“ ”
have kept a long time .

O rdinaries where entertainment for man and beast

,

was provided were very common and the gentry were

, ,

usually the proprietors .

The scale of prices was ri gorously regulated by the

county court every year Thus in 1 7 3 5 this order is .
, ,

entered :
Th e C o urt d oth s et and rate liqu ors ; Rum t h e gallo n e igh t
Virgi nia brandy ix hilling ; Pun ch r F li pp t he
, ,

s hi lli n gs ; s s s o

qu art with white su gar one an d three p nce with b rown su gar
, , ,

o ne s h illi ng ; F re n ch
, , , ,

brandy s ixt en s hillin gs ; Pun ch o f am e e s

tw o a nd ix p en c e ; F rill o r M ad ei ra wine q u art two s h illing s ; a h o t

, ,

s , ,

d ye t ( die t ) o ne s hi lli ng ; a co ld d ye t s ix p enc e ; a lo dging with ,

”
cl an s hee ts ( always thus in th e ratings ) six p ence ; and s o o n fo r
e
 S I L
OC A A ND E C O N OM IC 12 3

o ats pa tu rages t c O rder d that t h e e eral o rdin ary k e p r in

, s ,
e . e s v e e s

thi co unty s ll nd retail liq u rs at t h e ab o rat s nd that th y

s e a o ve e ,
a e

p r sum n t t ll at n y o th r rat s n d that if n y p rs n d o

e e o o se a e e a a e o

n t pay i mm diat ly that h pay f r t h s am at t h e F all in t bacc o

,

o e e e o e e o

at t n s hilling t h hun d r d w ight

e s e e e .
"

These ratings during the R evolution constitut e a fine

historical s etting fo r later experience in Confederate
times as a gill of brandy or rum t wo p o unds two shil
, ,

lings ; of whiskey o ne pound four shillings ; a hot din

ner three pounds s ix ; a cold dinn e r or second table
, , , ,

three pounds The cost of a s mall drink of whi skey .

was thus about 83 50 a pric e it never attained in t h e ,

Co nfede racy .

S o in O cto ber 1 7 7 8 J o seph Wo o lfo lk s e xecu t o rs were

, ,
’

bonded in in 1 7 7 9 R euben D anie l s exe cutors ’

in and a negro c o ndemn e d to b e hung was , ,

valued at
They lo o ked after the morals of the peo ple more
closely th e n than now The church wardens kept an .

eye on sinners bound out o rphans and the children of ,

parents who did not take care of them kept down ,

immoral conduct as well as th e y could and app e ar to ,

have be e n an excelle nt sort of local inquisitors I n .

1 7 4 2 the court orders the church wardens to bind out

D odson s children he taking no care of their educa

“ ’

tion nor to bring them up in Christian principle s one

, ,

of many like instances I n 1 7 4 3 Pat L eonard is o rdered .

“ ”
to the stocks for calling the sheriff a liar N ext
'

year three men were presented by the grand j ury for

S abbath breaking and riotously entering the German
chapel and disturbing the congregatio n assembled for
12 4 H I S T O RY OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

the worship of God and putting the people in fear of ,

life and limb They were fined 2 00 pounds of tobacco

.

and imprisoned one hour .

F or being a vagabond and cheating at cards J acob

S aun ders was ordered to receive 2 5 lashes at the com
mon whipping post and J ohn O Neill was committed ,
’

to j ail and required to give security for good behavior

for speaking traitorously of K ing George and Gov
e rno r Gooch .

Presentments for swearing oaths and for not attend

ing church were very comm on and there were also pre ,
”
s ent m ent s for not
“
raising corn according to law and ,

“
for setting stops in the rivers I n 1 7 4 1 J onathan ,

Gi bson clerk of the Court and others were fined ten

, ,

shillings each for not attending church for two months .

A s la te as 1 8 0 3 sund ry people including some of the ,

most conspicuous of the gentry were before court for ,

unlawful gaming They were Z achary H erndon Paul

.
,

Verdier Thomas Bell J ames M adison J ohn Burnley

, , , ,

Willi s White Edmund Terrell William H amilton

, , ,

J ohn Pollock William Terrell Reuben Hamilton

, , ,

George H ughes Charles Bell Thomas Barbour J r

, , , .
,

William M adison J r Thomas D avison and A bner , .

, ,

N ewman A ll were pre s ented and the presentments

.
,

appear to have been dismissed .

Yet it is well in the memory of many people now

living when gaming was more usual than otherwise at
“ ”
O range and that it was a regular habit for a faro
,

outfit to be brought over from Culpeper every court

day to remain as long as there was inducement
,
.
 S IA L
OC A ND E C O NOMIC 12 5

S o it is related in the palmy days of the O range

,

“ ”
S prings known at first as the H eali ng S prings where
, ,

J ames Coleman was licensed to keep a tavern as early as

1 7 94 while it was yet a place of public resort that gen
, ,

t lem en us e d to indulge in a quiet game there as was ,

also the case at several private residences in the County ;

and no great harm done H appily times hav e changed .

greatly in this respect and gaming for stakes appears

,

to be a thing of the past .

M ilitia musters both company and regimental con

, ,

stituted a distinctly social feature down to the war .

Th e companies had their convenient places of assem

bly for drill and the contrast between the flamboyant
,

and gorgeous uniforms of the officers and the homespun

drab of the privates was very striking The o fficers .

“ ”
would be assembled for training for several days at
“ ”
a time prior to each annual General M uster and ,

when that great occasion came the people flocked to see

it as they now do to a circus Th e appearanc e of the .

field and staff mounted on prancing steeds was a tri

u mph al pag e ant and when A llan Lo ng and Peter Gilbert
,

struck up The Girl I left behind me on fif e and

drum the martial spirit became intense and the
, ,

maneuv res much involved The new element in our .

citizenship as one of the results of the war h a s elimi

, ,

“ ”
nat ed musters for all time but th e y were great while ,

they lasted .

I t was a good old fa shion too long continued and , ,

much enj oyed to give neighborhood dances to the

,

young people There were simple music ample refresh

.
,

ments pretty but inexpensive apparel and happy

, ,
12 6 H IS TO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

people young and old I t was part of the celebration

, .

“
of Christmas week to have these parties though by no ,

means confined t o that week The young people .

attended them not to di splay gowns or the lack of ,

them but to enj oy them selves in honest simple and

, , ,

innocent plea sure s which they did to the full The

, .

poorer people too had their pleasant s o cial amuse

, ,
“
ments during the consulship of Plancu s .

Tho se were the years when t h e men who afterwards

comp o sed t he A rmy of N orthern Virginia were reare d ,

and when their mothers and sisters were the wo men of

O range such years and such ple asures as their poste rity
,

can never enj oy— Arcadian days when people met

for pleasure not for display H62 0 oli m memi ni ss e .

u va bi t!
j
They were continued for some years after the war ,

but that violent shock to social and domestic conditions

put an end to them and they remain only as pleasing
,

and path e tic memories .

Educational facilities were few and S imple but such ,

education as there was appears to hav e b ee n practical

and thorough as far as it went I t was the day of O ld .

”
F ield S chools when a neighb o rho o d or th e le ading
, ,

men of it would employ a t eacher for th eir children

, ,

build a log s choolhou se at s ome convenient point and ,

throw the doors open to all co mers ; to boys and girls ,

the rich and poor alik e The overseers sons would be .

’

at the same desk when desks were to be had and in the

, ,
’
same classe s with the planters sons ; and ordinarily the
three R s would co nstitute t he curriculum though
’

L atin was taught to all who wi shed to learn it The .

 S IAL
OC A ND E C O N OM IC 12 7

birch and t h e fe rule were ge ne ro u s ly admini s te red and ,

”
the pedagogue of Th e D e se rted Village appears often
“
,

in the annals of t he sch ools In colonial d ay s The rich .

had private tutors occasionally for th ei r s on s and

daughters and French and music o n the s pinnet were
, , ,

taught .

There was certainly a fragmentary s pinn e t in t he

County s ome years after the war a sort of primitiv e ,

piano .

J ame s Waddel th e blind preacher taught s ch ool

, ,

at hi s home near Gordonsville and M eriwether L ewi s , ,

of the Lewis and Clark expedition and Gov J ame s Bar ,

.

bour went to school to him there .

Walke r M aury a very noted teach er of h is day had

, ,

a school at or near Burlington the home of M r J ame s ,

.

Barbour N ewman near B arboursville The famou s

, .

stat es man J ohn R andolph of R oanoke was one of his

, , ,

pupils The house in which he lodged still stands in

.

the y ard M r M aury died in charge of t he cele brated

. .

grammar school at N orfolk in 1 7 8 6 H is son Leonard .

,

“
H ill M aury taught a classical school at H alla F arm
, ,

now owned by M r R L Coleman near S om erset . . .

, ,

early in the last century .

One of Randolph s eccentricities was developed there

’
.

His delicate sensibilities were disturbed by nois e s fro m

contigu ou s rooms and he daubed his own with mud
,

mortar to exclude the sound as much as po s sible M r . .

N ewman long preserv e d a fragm ent of this as a m e

mento of R andolph .

The gi rls were not highly educated in t he modern ,

s ense in those days and the boys with rare exceptions

, , , ,

finished their education at the neighborhood schools .

But they developed into splendid women and fine men

12 8 HI S T O R Y OF OR A N GE CO U N T Y

whose superiors have not ap peared u nder t he modern '

system S essions lasted ten months and the school

m
.
,

hours were fro eight to four or later There were not .

“ ”
many text books no hygiene no athletics nor peri
-
, ,
“ ”
p at et ic teams but there was honest and thorough
,

teaching and a splendid citizenship and illustriou s

, ,

citizens as a result But aspirations were different

, .

the n and it ought never to be lost to memory that

,

“ ”
frugality was a household word among the states
men o i the earlier generations and considere d so funda ,

mental a principle of free government as to be inscrib e d

in the organic law of every state of the U nion .

The first mention of a local newspaper is in an order

“
dated in 1 8 3 0 directing an order of publication in The
”
Reporter published at the Courthouse .

A single copy of The O range Express Volume I , ,

number 1 3 has been lent by M r A J S tofer a veteran

, . . .
,

editor in O range I t is dated at the courthou s e

.
,

”
August 1 9 1 8 3 1 B y William R Rob inson a brother
“
, , .
,

of the respected merchant Thomas A Robinson who , .

,

so long sold honest goods on the co rno r opposite t h e

present bank of O range The motto of the paper was .

i n ci vi tate libero li ngu am mentemqu e li beras es se debere,

in a free S tate speech and thought ought to be free I n .

an advertisement notice is gi ven of a petition to be pre

s e nted to the next General A ssembly for the division
“
of the County by a lin e running nearly north and
south from some po int on the A lbemarle line near B ar
b ou rsv ille or Cav esv ille across the County to the M ad
,

ison li ne between Willis s M ill and C ave s M ill which ’ ’

'

, ,

came to naught .
 S IA L OC A ND E C O N OM IC 12 9

When this paper was discontinued is not known but ,

“
the next in order was The S outhern Chronicle estab ,

lishe d by Payne and S tofe r in 1 8 57 which died during ,

the war I n 1 8 67 M r S tofer established the O range

. .

”
Expo sitor which in the fall of that year was changed
,

to The N ative Virginian and published at O range ,

till 1 8 69 and then at Gordonsville by D r George W

,
. .

Bagby (Mo z is A ddums ) and M r S tofer This in turn . .

,

after a b ri ef career was bought by S tofer and carried

,
“
back to O range the name being changed to The Pied
,

mont Virginian as at this day .

“
I n S eptember 1 8 7 3 The Gordonsville Gazette
, ,

was laun ched by W W S cott and George W Graham . . .

,

and conducted by them till 1 8 7 7 when they sold it , .

A fter many vici s situdes of fortune and as many pro

p ri et o
,
rs it has been lately bought by M r Bibb the .
,

present editor M r B J ohnson Barbour and D r

. . . .

J ames C Hiden were frequent contributors to its col

.

u mns while M r S cott was its editor

. .

A denominational paper of the D isciples was , ,

published a short time at Gordonsville shortly before

“ ”
the boom and during the boom M r A lb e rt S idney
, , .

J ohnston established a paper there which died with it

‘

“ ”
The O range O bserver was founded in 1 8 8 2 by M r .

Robinson father of the present owners

,
.

Looking now to economic and industrial features ,

the reco rds disclose many things which appear strange

to this generation .

The first County levy was not quite twenty fi v e -

thousand pounds of tobacco for all the publi c expenses .

M ore than one thousand was paid out in bounties for

1
30 H IS TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

’
wolves heads one hu ndred and forty for an old
, ,

’
seventy pounds for a young wolf s head Eighty odd .

wolves were killed that year and killing them continue d ,

to be an industry for a long time though rapidly ,

diminishing I n 1 7 64 the number had decreased to

.

three old and six young heads and in 1 8 1 5 there is an ,

entry of 352 paid for one wolf s scalp probably t he la s t ’

reward paid .

Attention was quickly given to roads and ferries .

A n early order is that the sheriff give notice at every

church in the Coun ty that the ferry at G ermanna is to
be let to the lowest bidder he to be bonded for duly ,

keeping the same .

I n 1 7 3 7 a ferry was established at old Raccoon F ord ,

William Payn e ferryman to be kept open on court

, ,

days and t h e day after the minister and sheriff to be

,

set over for 4 00 hundred poun ds of tobacco .

I n 1 7 4 2 a committee was appointed to take su b sc rip

tions for a bridge at G ermanna and agree with work ,

men to build it : if subscription insufficient balance to ,

be levied by the County not to exce e d pounds of

tobacco I n 1 7 65 O range and Louisa j ointly built
.

Brock s Bridge over the N orth A nna

’
.

“
Th e first pretentious public improvement of the
“ ”
highway was by The S wift R un Turnpi keCompany ,

and the road is or w a s t he o ld , , the

courthouse to F redericks burg but p rojeCt ed to ,

S wift Run I t was incorporated J anuary 1 8 1 0 and in

.
, ,

1 8 1 6 work was begun on it in O range I n 1 8 3 4 the .

Company failing to realize 8 per cent on its capital

“
.

”
stock ,
asked permi s sion of the Court to increase it s
tolls ; which was refused .
 S IAL
OC A ND E C O N OM IC 1 31

I t seems almost incredible that tolls were ever paid on

such a road ; incredible ind e ed that such a road was
, ,

ever bui lt if portions of it did not remain as a wonderful

,

exhibit of the engineering and macadamizing of that

period .

I n 1 840 condemnations b egaa or the ” L ouisa Ro ad ,

,

now the Chesapeake and O hio This road starte d at .

D oswell and ended at Louisa Later it was proj ected .

to Gordonsville which was the western terminus for

s everal years The first survey for its extension was
.

through S wift Run Gap to H arrison burg but A lbe ,

marle and Augusta legislators got it diverted to S taun

ton there by losing the bulk of the great Valley trade to
,

R ichmond and the S tate Early in t he fifties the .

Valley clamored for good highways t o a railroad and ,

turnpike s were constructe d across the Blue R idge to

Go rdonsville one from H arrisonburg the other from
, ,

N ew M arket These were toll ro ads and of great use to

.
,

the army during the war S oon after t h e war they were
.

taken over by the County as abandoned turnpik es ,

but are continued as public highways .

Fredeg ck s b u rg smarted un d e r t h e diversion of her

fo rmert rade to R ichmond and the
w

,
rail
road and the plank road were soon
,

latter completed about 1 8 56 a sple ndid highway at ,

first but soon wearing g u t The N arrow Gauge was not

.

completed un til about 1 8 7 5 and until carried further ,

into the interior can never b e come of great commercial

importance .

The O range and A lexandria now the S outhern hav , ,

ing its terminus first at Gordonsville was completed

132 HIS TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

about 1 8 55 S o on after the Charlottesville and Ra p

.

idan railroad was built the Chesapeake and O hio took

a ninety nine year le ase of the nine miles between Gor
-

d o nsv ille and the courthouse I n the aggregate there

.

are 50 miles of railroad in the County operated as fol ,

lows : by the S outhern 1 9 miles ; Chesapeake and O hio

, ,

10 by the Potomac F redericksburg and Pie dmo nt

,

( N arrow Gauge ) 1 9 miles

, .

The chief agricultural products are the c e re als hay , ,

and apples Little tobacco is now raised but down to

.
,

the war tobacco houses dotted every plantation and ,

it was a st ap le g ro p .

F at cattle lambs for the e arly market and fi ne

, ,

horses constitut e leading industries and dairy farming ,

is carried on very successfully .

 C HA P TER XV .

C ri m e s an d Pu n i sh m e n t s .

There are so me notable instances of cri mes and ,

particularly of punishments in the earli er records ;

,

punishments that in these days wo uld be called bar

barous but which were the identical punishments for
,

the particular crimes prescribed by the laws of Eng

land then the laws of the colony A crime by a serv
,
.

ant against his master by a wife against her husband

, ,
”
if sufficiently grave was petty treas o n
, as in the ,

case s of Peter and Eve hereafter narrated .

Hog stealing seems to have been so persisted in that

special penalties were d e nounced upon it un til fin ally ,

a second conviction was pun i shable by death ; and hogs ,

then as now had a special fa s cination for t h e negroe s

, .

“
I t is to be observed too that the unspeakable
, ,

”
crime though of rarer occurrence in those days than
,

now was by no means unheard of as has been a s serted

, .

The tradition that N egro R un formerly N egro head

,
-

Run was so calle d becau s e the head of a negro who had

,

been drawn and quartered fo r crime had been set up

near it is not sustain e d by t he re cords of O range ; if
,

true the incident must have occurred b efore the County

,

was formed but there really seems no substantial basis

,

for it .
134 HISTO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

The cases that follow are taken from the order books
where they still may be read at large by the curious .

I t must be borne in mind that in those days the

“
Coun ty Courts were often constituted Courts of O yer
and Terminer that is to hear and make fi nal d eter
, ,

mination .

At a Court of O yer and Termi ner held J une 1 7 3 7 , ,

present Goodrich Lightfo ot R obert S laughter R obert , ,

Gre en J ohn Finla so n F rancis S laughter and William

, ,

Russell gentlemen j u stices

, .

Peter a negro slave of J ohn Riddle deceased being

, , ,

indicted for fe lonio usly murthering his said master upon

arraignment plead guilty O n consideration whereof .

the Court are of opinion that the said Peter is guilty of

the said felo ny ; therefore it IS considered by the
Court that the said Peter be hanged by the neck till he
be d ead M emorandum The said Peter was exe
. .

out e d accordingly and it i s o rdered that t h e sheriff cut

o ff his head and put it o n a p o le n ear the courthouse to

deter oth ers from d o ing t h e like .

’
A t O ctober term follo wing Z achary L ewis K ing s , ,

attorney informed the Court that at the houses of

,

L ewis S t ilfy and J o h n S mith several persons the ,

famous Benj amin Bord en a j u stice Of the peace being , ,

one of them do keep unlawful and tumultuous meet

,

ings t endinggt ogreb ellio n .

I n N ovember 1 7 4 0 Z acharias Bell being enlisted

, ,

into his M aj esty s service as a s oldier to se rve against

’

the S paniards and having deserted it is ordered that ,

the sh e riff immediately after the adj ourning of this

,
 CR IM ES A ND P U N I S HM E N T S 1 35

court do sell the said Bell to the highest bidder as a

,

s ervant for the space of five years and apply the money ,

according to law .

Thomas Kennerley ordered ten la shes for stealing a

handkerchief and Alexander S weeney committed to
,

general court for coining coun terfeiting and d e ba s ing

,

the S panish current coin J ohn Cranch prays to .

re ceive corporeal pun ishment instead of being sent o n to

t h e grand jury ; which is administered F rank a .
,

negro slave hanged for breakin g op en a store and

st ealing goods of the value 351 0 and Cuff y an accessory , ,

to the crime prayed benefit of clergy and was ordered

,

t o be burnt in the hand and receive 3 9 lashes .

The following howev er is the most sensational item

, ,

in all t h e records ; the burn ing at the stake of Eve a ,

n egro woman s lave of P eter M ontagu e for poisoning her ,

master administering the same in milk served on the

,

table Th e indictment in this cas e spread out in full

.
,

o n t h e order book is a literary curiosity

, .

Sh e was tried Thursday J a nuary 2 3 1 7 4 5 and foun d

, , ,

“
guilty ; Therefore it is considered by th e Court that
the said Eve be drawn upon a hurdle to t he place of
”
execution and there to be burnt which sentence was ,

ex e cut e d on the following Wedn e sday .

A hurdle was a sort of Sledge used for hauling traitors

to execution .

M r Charles S Waugh a v e nerable and highly

. .
,

respected citizen of O range re members that his grand ,

father pointed out to him the little knoll near t h e old

courthouse about S ome rville s F ord where E v e was ’

burnt A hole was drilled in a rock and the stake

.
1 36 HISTO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

inserted Ploughing this knoll some years ago M r

. .

Waugh s ploughshare slid over a rock and recalling

’
,

the narrative he carefully scraped o ff the earth with his

,

kn ife and found the round hole d ri lled in it There

, .

can be little d o ubt that this was the identical rock to

which she was chain ed .

j u n e I 7 5,3 O n the motion of,D aniel Mc Clayland

who in a fight lately had a piece of his left ear bit o ff it ,

is by the Court ordered to be recorde d .

This is an unique order I t will be seen later that .

cropping ears was a punishment for crime which ,

stigma D aniel probably sought to avoid by this record .

I n S eptember 1 7 67 To m a negro belonging to J ohn

, , ,

Baylor under two indictments for burglary and felony

, ,

not guilty of t h e first guilty of the se cond and having , ,

already received the benefit of C lergy the Court do ,

adj udge that he suffer death H is crime was felon .

iou sly breaking the house of Erasmus Taylor Gent and , .

,

stealing goods o f the value of 2 5 cents ! S tealing and

“
such mod ern t rifl e s came b ig in thos e days and ,

J ames M adi s on S r was the presid ent justice , .

, .

j u ly 1 7
,
68 Corn e lius and
. A n n Corn e lia vagrants , ,

the s aid A nn p ro fainly swearing four oaths before the

”
Court and failing to pay the fine : t en la shes at the
whipping po st they promising to leave the County
,

immediately .

I n 1 7 7 6 H ampshire a slave o f Charle s Porter for , ,

notoriously run ning away and lying out so hi s master

“
could not reclaim him ; ordered that t he Sheriff take
him to the pillory and nail his ears to t he same and ,

there to stand half an hour and then to have his right

ear cut o ff .
 CR IM ES A ND PU N I SH M N TS
E 1 37

I n 1 7 8 2 appears the firs t record of the unspeakable

crim e when Cary a negro slave of William Vawt er is
, , ,

hanged for rape .

I n 1 7 94 Cale b a slave found guilty of hog stealing ;

, , ,

O rdered that the Sheriff take him t o t h e pillory and

nail one ear thereto and in one hour th ereafter to cut it
,

loose from the nail th e n to nail the other ear and in

,

’
another hour s time to cut that loose from the nail this ,

being the second offense .

I n 1 7 99 a negro fro m Culpeper hanged for ravishing

,

a married white wo man of O range County .

“
I n 1 8 0 1 it appearing that George M orris has be e n
,

and is still guilty o f a flagrant contempt in confining

t h e body of his wife S usannah o rdered that he be ,

attached and kept in custody until h e permit her t o b e

entirely at liberty ; R obert T M oore and D abney .

”
M inor dissenting .

I n 1 8 1 8 1 8 2 1 and 1 8 2 3 n egro e s we re hanged for rape

, ,

”
and in 1 8 3 9 a negro o nly sevent ee n years O ld con
d emn ed to death for ravishing a white woman is unan
imou sly recomme nded for executiv e clemency or else to ,

transportation in con sid eration of his youth

, .

’
There s a falling away .

But probably t h e most unique of all the punish

ments was that pre scribed for habitual absenc e from
church ; 50 p o unds of tobacco or its e quivalent in cash ,

“
and in default of payment ten la shes on the bare
,
”
back . This wa s t he law for some fo rty years 1 68 0 ,

1720 . There is no record of the la sh for this offense in

O range but many of the fine
, .
 C HA P TER X VI .

T he O r ang e Hu m an e S o ci e t y .

I n 1 7 4 9 William M onroe proved his importation into

this colony from Great Britain This was a formal .

proceeding before court in order to obtain what was

”
called a head right that is the right to take up 50
, ,

acres of land a sort of bounty and inducement to

,

immigrants .

We h e ar no mo re of him till his will is proved in 1 7 69 ,

and that will constitutes no inconsiderable item in the

history of the County By its terms his whole estate
.
,

after t he d eath of his wife was devo ted to the cause of

,

education The e state was to be sold by his exe cutors

.

“
to the highest bidders and the money invested ; the
,

principal to b e ke pt intact and the intere st arising from

t h e sam e to be disposed of towards schoolin g such poor
children as my executors shall think most in want .

The land was sold accordingly and the proceeds ,

invested and the interest re invested from year to

,
-

year ; but the executors fearing that the will was void
,

for unce rtainty failed to make any application of the

,

interest to the purpo s es of education There is little .

doubt that the will was void but as M onroe left no ,

heirs in this country certainly none that appeared to

,

claim as such and so the estate would legally have been

,
 T HE ORA N GE HU MA N E S I OC E TY 1
39

escheated by the Commonwealth it was determined to ,

invoke the action of th e Legislature to the end that the

i ntent o f the testator might be carried into eff ect .

I n J anuary 1 8 1 1 The O range H umane S ociety was

, ,

incorporated by the L egislature and the County Cou rt ,

was authorized and re quired at the ensuing M arch

term and every four years thereafter to elect twelve
, ,

trustees in whom should be vested the proceeds of t he

sale of the glebe lands of th e church and of this fund ,

known as the M onroe Fund to be by them managed

in such manner as th ey de emed best and most condu
cive t o pro mote the obj ect of the A ct and be exclu ,

s iv ely approp riated to the poor children inhabitants o f ,

O range provided that they should only apply t h e

,

interes t arising from the said fund s .

At the ensuing M arch term the Court elected the

“

trustee s ; I saac D avis J ames Burton F rancis Co w

, ,

herd J ames Barbour Philip Pendleton Barbour F or

, , ,

t u natu s Winslow R ob ert Taylor Catlett Conway

, , ,

J ohn Gibson George Gra sty Thoma s Coleman and

, , ,

Tho mas Woolf olk The mere name s of these trustees

.

constitute a sufficient indication o f the importance of

the trust confid e d to them .

At that time under the terms of the statute creating

,

“
the General Literary Fund of Virginia of which Gov ,

ernor Barbour of O range was the protagonist there was a ,

Board of S chool Commissioners in each county charge d

with the di sbursement of t h e proceeds of that fund in
th e education of poor children J u st t en years after the.

H umane S o ciety wa s organized J ames Barbour its , ,

presid ent having made his annual report in conformity

,
1 40 HI S TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

with the order of the Court and having re quested their

,

o pinion as to consolidating the fund s et apart for the

education of the poor children and that under the con

trol of the S ociety the Court co incided with him as to
,

the pro priety of the mea sure and recommende d the

,

delegates of the County to use their be s t end e avors to

o btain the pa s sage of a law to that e ff ect Diligent .

search has failed to find that such a law w as enact e d ,

and it was likely found that it was unn e ces sary for ,

from that time on when the Court appointed a trustee

of the S ociety it at the same time appointed him a
S chool Commissioner ; so that the truste es and com
mi ssion e rs were one and the same A S late as 1 8 3 8 .
,
“
the Court appointing directors or commis sion ers for
,

the distribution of the public funds for the education of

the destitute decree that the funds of the H umane
,

S ociety be exclusively appropriated to the education of

t h e de s titute childre n of the County .

I t appe ars that the fund at o ne time amounte d to

, ,

more than for when Greene was formed in

1 8 3 8 her share was agreed to be one third or
,
-
,

I t was carefully managed and many poor children

,

were educated the intere st only being u s ed F orty

, .

three hundred d o llars was in bank s tock th e balance ,

represe nted by bonds of citizens of the County se cured

on real estat e Thus matters went on until t he war
.
,

during which the principal of s ome of the bonds was

paid and reinvested in Confederate bonds When the .

war ended these bond s and the bank stock were worth
less and the trustees appear to have lost int ere st in the
,

S ociety .
 T HE ORAN GE HU M A N E S I OC E TY 141

A balance of about was s till du e to Greene ,

with interest accumulation s and litigation over it ,

e nd e d in a consent decree of O ctober 1 8 7 3 in favor of , ,

Greene for 35 with intere s t from date The .

Co unty school board brought suit in 1 8 7 4 for the fund , ,

s till in the control of the S o ciety claiming under the ,

Act of 1 8 7 2 establishing t he public school system and ,

failing in this suit resort was had to special legislatio n

,

in 1 8 7 6 whereby th e original charter of 1 8 1 1 was

repealed and the school board authoriz ed to take pos
s e ss ion o f t h e assets Litigation now became fast and
.

acrimonious S uit was brought to co mpel the paying

.

again of a bond paid off in Confederate money and wa s ,

s uccessful in the lower court The de cree was rev e rsed

.
,

ho wever on appeal and in Wamb ersie v the O range

, , .

H umane S ociety 8 4 Va it was held that the

, .
,

S o ciety which had been rejuvenated in 1 8 8 0 by the

appointment of new trustees by William R Taliaferro .
,

th en judge of the County Court had no legal existence ,

by reas o n of the repeal of the charter in 1 8 7 6 M ean .

time t h e C o sts had been enormous and what with the , ,

losses and the expenses of litigation there was not ,

much left of thi s noble charity for the school board to

admini ster H ow much came into their hands the
.

records do not disclose ; inde ed it is said that the reco rds

of th e s chool board that first came into posses sion of th e
fund have been lo s t !
I t is known that the H igh S chool building at the
courthouse was paid for in part or in whole out of the
, ,

fund The visible available as s et s in p ersonal bonds

.
, ,

of individuals amount to less than three thousand

,
1 42 HISTO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

dollars I t is understood that the school board will soon

.

assume actual and active control of this remnant and ,

adm inister it in their wisdom in the interest of e duca

, ,

tion .

I nformation derive d from a prominent citizen of

Greene is to the eff ect that her portion of the fund con
st it u t e s a real factor in t h e public school system H er .

portion was one third of t h e whole -

.

A letter written by Gov J ames Barbour in Febru ary .

, ,

1 8 3 9 to H on J ohn S Pendleton then a member of the

, . .
,

H ouse of D elegates from Culpeper protesting against ,

the claim of Greene County for a division of the fu nd is ,

filed with the O range petition s in the S tate Library and ,

the following extracts are taken from it A s he was so .

long president of the S ociety and took such a warm ,

interest in its management this letter written but a , ,

few years before his death has all the force of an official ,

utterance .

We comm en ce d with a capital a v e e d u ca of so me we h

te d o e r a th o us an d child r n
v nd ha e in c r a s d t h e capital t
,
a v e e e o

abo u t r tai ni n g n d c n e rtin g t h

e interes t in part in to
a o v e

p rin cipal nd thus lo ok ing t o t he p ro bable dem an d w ha t h e

,
a e ve

m ans th at will c o rres p on d with t h e p ro gre s o f t h e S ci e ty

e s o .

No t a farthi n g h as b een l os t At m y ins tan c t he C o urt o f O rang e e

h a e by app o in ti n g t h s am p rs o n s di re ct rs o f t h e H u m an
.

v e e e o e

S o ci e ty al s o c om m is i o ne rs f t h S ch o ol F un d un it e d b o th the e
,

s o e ,
s

bene len t fun ds ( Pro ce ds o f al o f t h gle be land s e t )

vo . e s e e ,
c .

My h o p e an d p urp o se h a e b n t cr ate a fun d by t h e aid o f t h e

v ee o e

charitable e qu al t o t he e s tabli hm n t o f a m anu al lab o r s cho o l s e ,

wh re t h e indi ge nt m igh t b s o in s tru ct d as t o b come u se ful

e e e e

citiz ns nd e s p e cially w h re t ach r m ight b e re are d — a go o d

e ,
a e e e s

s u pp ly o f w hich t o o p rat e t hro u gh t h e S tate i n an o bj e ct o f gre at

e

i m p rtan ce
o .
 CR IM ES A ND PU N I ME N TS
SH 1 43

I n this letter is to be foun d the first appeal in Virginia ,

so much heard in recent years for industrial and no r

,

mal schools which at last are b e coming parts of our

, ,

educational system .

I t se ems the irony of fate that this fund earned in the ,

sweat of his face by a man imported here as an i nden

t u red s ervant who could neith e r re ad nor write and by ,

him dedicated to t he education of children as indige nt

as he had been should have so dwi ndled that there is
,

hardly a b enefi ct ary of it in the County to day ; and -

that probably there is not a score of people now living

who ev er heard of William M onroe th e philanthropist , ,

whose obscure grave in Greene County li es in flagrant

neglect .

F or the b en e fit of the Board s of Supervi so rs of t h e

two coun ties the recipients of his bounty and e sp e c
, ,

ially of their county s ch o ol boards it is here state d ,

with confide nc e that his grave is on the Chapman farm ,

“ ”
on a hill ove rlooking t h e riv er ; that Colonel Brad
fo rd o f O range can still point it out if as in duty bound , , ,

they wi sh to mark the spot and so commemorate the

,

first philanthropist of this section of the S tate .

 C HA P TER X VII .

Fro m 1 84 8 to 1 861 .

I n preceding chapters there have been no head

line dates becau s e a system of grouping facts has been
,

followed not a narration of them in regular sequence

, .

The War of 1 8 1 2 for instance and the M exican War

, , ,

have not even been mentioned for the reason that ,

the County records disclose noth ing of intere s t about

either I nde ed neither the County nor any of its
.

citizens with a few exceptions bore any conspicuous

, ,

part in either of these wars and the meagre facts that ,

can be collected about the War of 1 8 1 2 (for there seem

to be none about the War with M exico ) will b e narrated
in an appendix .

I n 1 8 4 8 t h e War with M exico has j ust been ended in

triumph and one of its C hief heroes Gen Z achary
, , .

Taylor a s o n of the County ele cted Presid e nt of t he

, ,

U nited S tates .

Everything appears to be s erene and matter o f fact - -

at this period The industrial and public improve

.

ment age has begun I n 1 8 50 a v o te o f the freeholders

.

is ordered o n the question o f a subscription of

to the proj ected F redericksburg and Valley Plank
R oad which was carried by a handsome maj ority
,
.

I t was a great road while it lasted and Gen William , .

 FR O M 1 8 4 8 To 1 861 14 5

M ah o ne if for no other reason ought to be remembered

, ,

with gratitude for his fine e ngineering work on thi s

highway Yet as early as 1 8 59 the dire ctorate turned
.

“
over the roadb e d to the County on co ndition that ,

”
it shall be kept open as a public highway The court .

accepte d it on those t e rms but the condition has not ,

be en faithfully fulfille d .

I n 1 8 5 1 a se ction of the Blue Ridge Turnpike was

open ed to travel and a right of way across t h e public
,

lot was granted to the O range and A lexandria R ail

road Co mpany (now t he S outhern ) o n condition that
it ke ep the public buildings insured again st fire .

Th e public buildings were remo ved higher up the

street so me ye ars later but though still e nj oyi ng the
, ,

right of way the company d o es not keep up the insur

,

ance .

A t this peri o d was held the great R eform Co nv en

tion to revise the S tate Constitution , framed by the
world famous Conve ntion of 1 8 2 9—3 0 which was utterly
-
,

cast asid e except that George M ason s Bill of Rights

,
’

was retained almo st wo rd for wo rd White male .

suff rage b ecame univers al and every o fli c e from ,

constable to judge o f the supreme court of appeals ,

wa s mad e electiv e by the peo ple D ire things were .

pro phe si ed of it by the traditio nally conserv ative but ,

so long as it lasted practically only to the outbre ak

,

of the war it gav e great sati sfaction and the judges

, ,

elected und er its provisions conform e d to the highe st

j udicial standards of former and subsequent p e riods .

The whole S tate became a storm centre of politics

“
about this time and the K now N othing Party was
,
"
1 46 HISTOR Y
OR A N C U NTY OF GE O

launched . I t received its defin ite quietus in

1 8 55 when ,

Henry A Wise its leading antagoni s t was elected

.
, ,

governor .

I n 1 8 50 a ten mile section of the R ockingham Turn

-

pike was open e d to travel and since its comple tion ,

no macadamized or other improved public highway

has been built in the Coun ty except the short reaches ,

at the County seat .

I n 1 8 5 7 the present courthouse was ordered with ,

permis sion to the M asons to add a third story for use

as a lodge they to pay one third of the in surance on
,

the building The M asons did not accept The court

. .

h eld its first session in the new building in July 1 8 59 , .

I n 1 8 59 occured the invasion of the S tate and the ,

attempt to incite the negroes to armed insurrection ,

“ ”
known as the J ohn Brown Raid I t occasioned .

wild excitement and a good deal of local ap prehen ,

sion and was indeed the alarum gun of t he war that

, , ,

so soon followed .

“
The M ontpelier Guards a fine volun teer company ,

at and about O range Courthouse comm anded by ,

Capt L ewi s B Williams J r was promptly ordered

. .
, .
,

to repair to Charlestown where they remained till ,

Brown and such of his accomplices as had been caught

were hanged .

A roster of the company as then constituted believed , ,

to be complete is printed in an appendix , .

O ne of the i mmediate results of this raid was the

organization and equipment of many volunteer com
“
p anies throughout the S tate Two the Gordons .
,
” “
ville Greys Capt William C S cott and the Bar
, . .
,
 FR O M 1 8 48 TO 1 861 1 47

b oursv illeGuard Capt W S Parran were organized

, . . .
,

in O range received arms and equipments were un i

, ,

formed and began regular drills in preparation for

,

the direful conflict which everybody felt was coming ,

indeed was alm ost come .

And here it may be said ends the history of t he

, ,

O range of the old régime— a regim e which all who can

recall it will delight to cherish in their memories and ,

the like of which no one may hope to look upon again .

But relentless time goes on and with it the history ,

of the people that made noble sacrifice suff ered and ,

endured ; and who like the brave yeomen of their

,
“ ”
motherland never lost the mettle of their pastures !
,
 C HA P TER X VIII .

T he War Pe ri o d .

I t is not within the scope of this book to treat of the

war period except in the mo s t cursory way narrating
, ,

brie fly what relates particularly to the County and ,

more shall not be attempted ; but a ré sumé of local

happenings ought to be recorded with such impar ,

t ialit y as a participant in the struggle may command .

I n the presidential election of 1 8 60 the vote in

O range was as follows : for Bell and Everett the pro ,

no un c ed U nion ticket 4 2 7 ; for Bre ckenridge and

,

Lane the S tates Rights ticket 4 7 5 ; for D ouglas and

, ,

J ohnso n also a prono un ced U nion ticket 1 2 ; for

, ,

L incoln and H amlin 0 Thus in a total vote of 9 1 4

, .
,

there was only a S tates Rights maj ority of 4 8 and ad ,

ding the D ouglas vote to Bell s a maj ority of only 3 6 ;

’

”
so it will be seen that love for the U nion was still
“

strong in the County

After the election of Lincoln which was followed ,

so soon by the secession of S outh Caro lina and other

S outhern S tates the S ecessionists of the Coun ty grew
,

bolder and more aggressive and when the S tate con

,

v ent io n was called to determine the course of Virginia ,

party feeling became very tense Rosettes of blue .

“ ”
ribbon called cockades appeared everywhere even
, , ,

1 48
 T HE WA R PE R I OD 1 49

at the C hurches M en boys and eve n girls wore them

.
, , , .

Th e U nionists were less demonstrative but no less ,

resolute Candidates to represent the County in the

.

convention were numerous and eager Col J ohn . .

Willis M aj or J ohn H L ee H on J eremiah M orton

,
.
, .
,

and perhaps others aspired to represent the S eces

,

S ioni st s . The contest finally narrowed to M r M orton .

,

on that side and M r L ewi s B Williams the elder

, . .
, ,

who had then been the attorney for the commonwealth

for thirty years for the U nionists The exact figures
, .

are unattainable but M r M orton was elected by a

, .

good majo irt y .

The convention assembled at Richmond in F ebruary ,

1 8 61
. But there was no seces sio n ; the U nion party
was in control I t is likely there would have been
.

none but for the attempted reinfo rcement of F ort

Sumter by the administration while peace loving people ,

were yet endeavoring to avert disunion and war .

” ’
A nother shot was heard round the world when ,

Sumter was fired on and the echoes of it have hardly

,

yet ceased to reverberate A t once there were no .

”
Unionists in Orange ; certainly none that disclosed
themselve s until after the war had ended disastrously ,

and an o ffice was in sight .

A ll the p eo ple seemed o f one mind and on the night ,

O f A pril 1 7 th the three volunteer companies of the

County with many fresh recruits hastily assembled

, , ,

and under o rders from Governor L etcher proceeded ,

to H arpers F erry and took possession of the national

arsenal there which had been partially burned before
,

t heir arrival ; and war was o n .

1
50 HIS TO R Y OF OR A NG E CO U N T Y

M onday following was regular court day and

The ,

a vast concourse attended On that day Col Robert

'

.
.
,

E Lee passed through O range on his way to Rich

.

mond in response to an invitation from the co nv en

,

tion A fter long and irrepressible calls from the

.

throng at the depot which even threatened to block ,

t h e train he appeared on the rear platform and bowed

,

acknowledgments Ere ct without a strand of grey in .

,

his hair or moustache and he then wore no beard he , ,

appeared every inch a man and a soldier The people .

went wild with e nthusiasm at his martial appearance :

he bowed but said not a word , .

O range looked upon him many times afterwards ;

grown grey indeed but never bent N o doubt the , , .

D aughters of the Confederacy will some day mark

with appropriate tablets the several places in the
“
Coun ty still remembered as Lee s and J ackson s H ead ’ ’

”
quarters .

S oon after court was opened M r B J ohnson Bar , . .

bour the only surviving son of Gov J ames Barbour

, .
,

arose and in a rather faltering but incisive voice ad

,

dressed the Bench saying in substance that it was ,

kn o wn of all men how he had striven to save the U nion

of the fathers and to avert the dread calamity of war ,

but now that M r L inco ln li ke another A ppius Claud .

,

ius had cast his lustful eyes upon the fair Virginia
, ,

and had called for volunteers to invade the S outh ,

there was nothing for patriots to do but to prepare to

meet the invaders H e suggested that a subscri ption .

*
for defe nse be made and himself pledged a liberal sum , .

T h i i n t t t d m tt f r rd Th w it r w p nt nd h d t h
* s s o s a e as a er o ec o e r e as res e a ear e

m k p i lly m mb th p t l i l ll u i n M B rb ur w
.

re nd h
ar s , a e es ec a re e ers e a c a s s ca a s o r a o as

n t d f u h ll u i n Th imm d i t rd f th urt nd t h mmitt

. .

o e or s c a s o s e e a e o er o e co a e co ee

d by f lly ll i
.
,

a s nam e it , u c onfi r m h is rec o ec t o n .

 T HE WA R PE R I OD 1 5 1

The following order was thereupon entered : The

Court of this Coun ty at the suggestion of some of the
,

citizens bein g of the opinion that for the defense of

, ,

our Coun ty and S tate fun ds sho uld be raised to an

,

amount not exceeding and that such action

is approved and desired by the peo ple of the whole
County do appoint Benj amin J Barbour F erdinand
, .
,

J ones and Philip B J ones a committee to borrow a

, .

sum or sums of money not exceeding in the

aggregate from time to time as may be required in the
,

opinion of the committee to be applied by them as

,

necessity may require ; and the court pledge them

selves to levy on the land and slaves such amoun t of
money as may be necessary from time to time to pay ,

the said sums of money so borrowed in installments of

one and two ye ars with all interest that may accrue
,

thereon . I t also authorized H T H olladay to em

. .

ploy four or six discreet persons to guard the rail

road bridge at R apidan .

A t the M ay term three persons in each ma gisterial

district were appointed to visit the families of soldiers
in actual service and furnish to each all necessary meat
and bread pledging the court to levy 3550 0 at the next
, ,

term for that purpose .

J uly 2 2 the day after the first battle of M anassas

, ,

when many private houses and some hastily provided

hospitals at the Co urthouse were full of sick and wou nd ,

“
ed soldiers the Co urt requested M r W M Graham
, . . .

to supply them such n e cessaries as the physician might

apply for ; and was afterwards appropriated
to pay the bill .
1 5 2 HIS TO R Y or O RA NG E CO U NT Y

The
former order autho ri zing a loan of was
changed and the clerk was authorized to issue County
,

bonds for for the committee to pay debts

already co ntracted by th em and to procure uniforms , ,

clothing equipments and necessary relief to t he vol

, ,

unt eers and portions of the militia of the County .

I n M ay 1 8 62 J ohn L Woolfolk was appointed a

, , .

comm issioner to go to the salt works and purchase

bushels of salt for the citizens
A t a special term J anuary 1 8 63 the S laveh o lders
, , ,

were required to deliver in the ratio of their holdings, ,

2 00 able bodied negro men to the sheriff

-
for work on ,

the defences of Richmond .

The apportionment among individual owners appears

at large on the order book .

A pril 1 8 63 Ferdinand J ones appointed to borrow

, ,

on the faith of the County and pay the same ,

to the wives of soldiers in service at the rate of eight

dollars per month to each wife and four dolla rs per
month for each child un der twelve years of age .

A lso an order to William Parker to distribute the

county salt so that each inhabitant receive fif te en
pounds ; charging eight cents a pound for the first ten
pounds and ten c ents a pound for the remainder
,
.

I n N ovember the sheriff was ordered to list all indi

gent soldiers disabled or honorably discharged and ,

their families and the families of those now in service

, ,

and the widows and minor children of such as are dead

or may die ; and to summon all the justices to the next
term to make provision for the f amilies of soldiers in
s ervice .
 T HE WA R PE R I OD 1 53

At the D ecemb er term F erdinand J o nes was ap

pointe d agent o f t he Coun ty t o purchase supplies for
indigent families of soldiers ; to furnish them with
money as per the former order or to purchase and ,

supply to each member of a family at the rate o f one

half pound of beef or one eighth poun d of bacon and
,
-
,

one and a half pints of meal or its equivale nt in flour ,

per day ; and he is authorized to impre ss p o un ds

of bacon or ,
poun ds of beef and bushels ,

of corn at prices fixed by the im pres sin g agent of the

Confederate S tates ; and also to borrow
M ay 1 8 64 O rdered that it be c e rtified to the post
, , ,

quartermaster for the Eighth Congressional D istrict

that there are in the County four hundred persons ,

members of indigent families of soldiers ; that there

wi ll be necessary for their subsistence for the next
six mo nths ,
pounds of bacon and bushels
of corn ; and that it is impossible to procure same by
purchase in the Co unty .

The Confederacy is starving '

S eptember 1 8 64 Ferdinand J ones directed to bor
, ,

row for same purposes .

Th e Confede rate enrolling o fficer having been ordered

to impress one of every four able bodied negro men -

to work on the fortifications at R ichmond th e court ,

makes its protest to the S ecretary of War alleging ,

many and weighty reasons why the order should not

be e nforced in this Coun ty .

This is the last war item of intere st in the order

books and surely these are enough to Show the devotio n
,

of the people to their cause Battle and murder and .

sudden death had become their daily bread .

1 54 H I S TO R Y or OR A NG E CO U N TY

They had borne all things endured all things believed , ,

all things hoped all things ; they had seen things

,

in a mirror darkly and now were to behold them face ,

to face .

A nd so ensued A ppomattox and the end !

A volume might be wri tten interesting and in spir ,

ing about O range soldiers and their valiant conduct in

,

the field from 1 8 61 to 1 8 65 but this must be left in the ,

main to military annalists .

There were three companies from the County in the

Thirteenth Virginia I nfantry commanded first by A P , . .

Hill who was killed at Petersburg in 1 8 65 having

, ,

attained the rank of lieutenant gen eral ; secondly by -

J ames A Walker who later commanded the S tonewall

.
,

Brigade became a brigadier general and after the war

,
-
, ,

was lieutenant governor of the S tate and for several

-
,

terms a member of the U nited States H ouse of Repre

s ent at iv es ; thirdly by J ames Barbour Terrell of Bath ,

County whose father was a native of O range and who

, ,

was killed at second Cold H arbor in 1 8 64 his commi ssion ,

as brigadier general having been signed a noble record ,

for the regiment ! I t was next commanded by C01 .

G A Goodman of Louisa who went out as a lieut en

. .
, ,

ant in the Gordonsville Greys and survived the war ; ,

and lastly by Lieutenant Colonel Charles T Cri tt enden -

.
,

of Culpeper who died recently at the S oldiers H ome

,
’
.

A roster of these companies appears elsewhere .

The regiment bore a brave part in all the great bat

tles of the A rmy of N orthern Virginia except Gettys
burg having been left in charge of W inchester at the
,

time of that battle .

 T HE WA R PE R I OD 1
55

There were two companies o f artillery from the

Co unty one organize d and commanded by Capt
, .

Thomas J Peyt on and subsequently by Capt C W

.
, . . .

F ry who was promo ted t o the rank of maj or but whose

, ,

commission captured on the retreat to A ppomattox

, ,

was never actually receiv ed .

The other c o mpany which can no t be strictly called ,

an O range c o mpany was raised and commanded by ,

Capt William G Crenshaw of Haw fi eld

. .
, .

A cavalry company The O range Rangers was

“
, ,

enlisted by Capt G J Browning . . . .

M any O range soldiers serv e d in the S eventh Vir

ginia I nfantry in the Wise A rtille ry and in sun dry
, ,

o ther organizations formed without the Co unty .

The County suffered much from the ravage s of the

war b ein g practically on the border from its begi nning
, .

The R apidan w a s General L e e s li ne of defence for ’

many month s and his army wintere d in the Coun ty in

,

1 8 6 —64 his headquart e rs being on the Rogers farm

3 , ,

n e ar N ason s ’
.

Just before and just after the battle of S laughter s ’

M ountain S tonewall J ackson s headquarters were on

,
’

the farm of Col Garrett S cott ; alm ost exactly where

.

R ev F G S cott s farm buildings now stand and n e ar

. . .
’

“ ”
a notable spring known locally a s t he H ollow S prin g
'

Gen A P H ill s were in the yard at Mayhu rst

. . .
“ ’

the residence of M r William G Crenshaw J r near . . .

,

“ ”
O range ; the n kn own as H oward Place and own ed ,

by Col J ohn Willi s

. .

The important battles fought in the County were

M ine Run in 1 8 63 and the Wilde rness battles of 1 8 64
, , .
1 56 HIS TO R Y OF ORA NG E CO U N T Y

There were also cavalry engagm ent s mostly skirmi shes ,

at Rapidan Lo cust Grove M orton s F ord New Hop e

, , ,

Church O range Liberty M ills Z oar G erm anna and on

, , , ,

’
the turnpike near Col A lexand e r Cameron s two miles .
,

no rthwest of Gordonsville (th e nearest approach of

the enemy to that town during the war ) ; and the
Thirteenth Virginia I nfantry had an insignificant s kir
mish with cavalry at To ddsb ert h in J uly 1 8 62 wh ere , ,

they encountered a rec o nnoitering party which had

“
been up the County road as high as the S tone Bridge ,

ab o ut four mile s northeast of Gordonsville .

The tragi c story of the M agruder and the Burrus

families in the war must be narrated in some detail .

Fo r some years pri o r to the war Col J ames Magru , .

“ ”
der owned and resided at Frascati near S o merset , .

”
He was an ardent old line whig and an enthusiastic
“
,

lover of the U nion of the S tat e s At t he outbreak of .

the war he had five sons of military age and three ,

daughters the eldest having lately be e n marri ed to

,

CO 1 Edward T H Warren of H arri s onburg who

. . .
, ,

afterwards became colonel of the Te nth Virginia Infan

try H is eldest son Edward a graduate of the Vir
.
, ,

ginia M ilitary I nstitute who was teaching school in ,

Rome Georgia came to Virgi nia in command of a com

, ,

pany and atta ined to the rank of colonel He was

, .

seven times wounded during t he war .

Colonel Warren the son in law was killed in battle

,
- -
,
.

The second s o n J ames Watson lately graduated from

, ,

the U niversity j oined the A lbemarle Light H orse

, ,

S econd Virginia Cavalry was chosen first lie utenant , ,

and was kille d in battle near Richmond during S heri

 T HE WA R PE R I OD 1 57

dan s raid The next son k nown as H illeary was a

’
.
, ,

doctor and re ceived an appointme nt as assistant sur

,

geon in o ne of A shby s regiments S o much b e loved ’

.

was he by t he soldie rs that he was prevaile d o n to ,

accept a captaincy of o ne o f the companies H e was .

killed le ading a charge near R oche lle in M adison

,

County alm o st in sight of his home

,
The n ext son .
,

George and the youngest D avid were members of the

, , ,

Gordon sville Gre ys D avid was the first ma n to be .

wound ed in t he Thirteenth I nfantry ; s o badly wounded

at M unso n s H ill in 1 8 6 1 that he w a s disable d fo r
’

, ,

active service for the rest of the war though he con ,

t inu ed in the army on light se rvic e and di e d so o n after ,

the war from the eff ect of his wound George was .

kille d in battle in t h e Valle y Five son s and a son in

, .
-

law ; four killed in battle one seven times woun ded , ,

and o ne disable d !
M r Lancelot Burrus who live d near Pamun key
, , ,

had been high sheriff of t he Coun ty and enj o yed the ,

re spect and e steem o f all who knew him O f his six .

so ns fi v e enli s ted in the M ontp e lier Guards the sixth

, ,

later on being und e r age in the S ixth Virgi nia Cavalry

, , .

Their full name s are writte n down here as a memorial

of them and the names o f three of th em are inscrib ed
,

on t h e Confe d erate monument in the public square at

O range Five of th em Ge o rge M artin R obert H enry
.
, , ,

Thomas J oseph William Tandy and L anc e lot we nt to ,

H arpers F erry A pril 1 7 th 1 8 6 1 A t the battle of , .

Gaines s M ill kn own als o as first Cold H arbor the

’

, ,

three first named were killed Wi lliam Tandy s lightly , ,

wounde d Lancelot wounded his cartridge box belt

, ,
1 58 HIS TO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

cut o ff and fourteen bullet holes shot through his

,

clothing ; all this i n one day and one battle !

J ohn H erschel the younge st brother j oined the army
, ,

in 1 8 62 and was wounded in the head near Luray

, , .

Lancelot was seven times wounded and had thirty

, ,

seven bullet holes through his clothes A nd Tandy .

was in every battle with his regiment from the begi n

ning to the end of the war :
When a friend called to condole with the father of
these soldiers after the battle of Gaines s M ill the
,
’

brave old man said to him A h M r W

“
I wish I , , .

had a million sons even though they all had to go ,

”
the same way !
A nd these are but typ es remarkable though they ,

“
be of the resolute fathers and sons in O range in the
, ,

time of the war .

M r Larkin Willis who lived not far from G ermanna

.
, ,

had ten sons in the Confederate army at one time .

There is at O range though first organized at Gor ,

do nsv ille a Confederate veterans camp known as the

’
, ,
”
William S Grymes Camp and named in honor of a
.
,

distinguished and much lo ved surgeon and county

man who served through the war .

There is also a chapter o f the D aughters of the

”
Confederacy named for the Thirteenth Virginia Infan
,

try .

A n appendix gives the names of such of the Confed

e rat e soldiers from the County as could be obtained
after much effort I t is k nown to be very defective ;
.

and if the names of soldiers not fou nd therein are to b e

 T HE WA R PE R I OD 1 59

rescued oblivion ,must be done by these two

organiz ations and done at once
, .

The monum ent on the public square at the County

seat will hand down the names of those who were killed .

'

The names of those who served and survived ought

also to be preserved.
 C HA P TER XIX .

Re c o n s t ru c t i o n, 1 8 65 to 1 87 0 .

The last chapter bro ught the record down to A ppo

mattox I t is interesting now to recall the memories
.

of the three o r four ensuing years .

The s o ldiers came back home if h o me had been

,

left them and settli ng down to peaceful pursuits

, , ,

began their struggle with poverty There was not .

seed in the County suffi cient to pitch a crop nor money ,

wh erewith to buy S o great was the re b o und from

.

the field of battle to the serenity o f domestic life that ,

even the old veterans their b o dies racked with many

,

wounds set to work with their own hands and with

,

good heart t o make the best of the s ituation The .

Freedm en s Bureau was constitute d by t h e conquerors

’

and satraps with should er straps and brass buttons

were se nt to ev ery county t o look after the late slaves ;
“
t h e wards of the nation as th e y we re then called The .

”
n egro e s were organiz ed into U nion leagues
“
and de ,

pray e d whit e men some of them citizens many of them

, ,

“ ”
a low type of northern n ewcomers scalawags and ,

carpet baggers
-
, th ey were called respectiv ely did ,

what they could to inflame th e m to tumult and riot .

To the credit of the negroes be it said that many of

them notwithstanding the wiles of th eir charrners
,
‘

accepting their freedom as a great boon continued to ,

 RE C O N S T R U C T I O N , 1 8 65 To 1870 1 61

be ord erly re spectful and industrious There was

, , .

“ ”
no such labor problem ev e n in those trying times ,

as has prevailed for t he past ten years .

A nd it ought to be re memb e re d with p e rpetual

gratitude that t he city of Baltimore came to Virginia
at that time with gifts in h erhands— a real Ceres sowing
t he s e eds of h o pe — and off ere d to furnish on the credit ,

of a crop t o b e planted mature d and market ed such

“

, , ,

seeds as t he plant ers n e eded Ev erybody took fresh .

heart and went to work Th ere was life in the land .

again The ro ar of the cannons had c e a s ed ; bloody

.

annals were still relate d by th e fi reside but peac e brood ,

ded over all .

And as the order bo oks Show t he co urt sat on the

, , ,

“
same justice s and other officials pursui ng the nois e
”
less teno r o f their way in the administrati o n of Coun ty
aff airs ; and it was no t until J anuary t e rm 1 8 69 that , ,

attention is rudely arrested H ere is the caption o f .

the o rder book of that time .

At a m onthly c urt held fo r t he C o un ty o f O ran g at t he

o e

C urth o u se on M onday t he 5t h day o f J anu ary one tho u s an d

o ,
2 ,

eight hun dr d and s ixty ni ne e -

:

Pre en t Garr tt S c tt Pr s idin g J u tic F erdinan d J on s

s e o e s e, e

William H F a ul coner E dward B azle y an d J am s C olem an

, , ,

.
, e , e .

The first entry und er that caption is this :

H E AD Q U ART E RS F IRS T M ILI TAR Y D IS T RI C T
S tate o f Virgini a
,

Ri chmond Vi rgi ni a D ecemb er 3 1 18 68

, , .

Mr Mic
ael D H iggi n is h ere by app ointe d Clerk o f t he Coun ty
h s

f O ran ge C ou nty S tate o f Virgin ia t o fi ll t h e

. .

an d Ci rc uit C o urts o , ,

v acan cy cau s d by t h r m o al from o ffic f Philip H F ry and is

e e e v e o .
,

em p w r d t o p rf rm all t he d u ti s o f t h e s aid ffice acc o rdi n g t o

o e e e o e o

law un til hi s s u c ces s o r s h all b e d uly ele cte d an d q u ali fi e d .

1 62 HISTO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

B f t i g
e o re e n e r n on the d u ties o f h i Offi c h e will q u alify
s e, as re

q u ire d by t h e law s of t he S tate an d o f t h U nite d S tates e .

G E OR G E S T ON E MAN
B revet M afar G eneral -
U S . . A . C omma ndm g .

The cormorants had got hungry and had demanded

the mess of pottage .

That this H iggins may not b e confounde d with the

“ ”
family nativ e here and to t h e manner b o rn let it ,

be stated that h e had a few years before his appoint ,

ment come to t h e County from the N o rth and pur

,

chased the estate near O range now owned by M r Wil .

liam G Crenshaw J r
.
, .

The minutes of this term and of the F ebruary term ,

’
which began o n George Washingt on s birthday were ,

sign e d by Garrett S cott who had been presiding j ustice ,

—
for twenty years his last appearance on the Bench .

N ow came the period of hard swearing known as

taki ng the iron clad oath and so den ominated in ,

the record when H iggins took the oaths of o ffice .

There was no M arch term but on April 2 6t h there ,

appeared a Court wi th more facile consciences ; Pre

sent J ohn M Chapman presiding justice J ohn Terrell
.
, , ,

”
J ohn M S hipp and William H F aulconer
.
, . .

D aniel Sheffey L ewi s of Rockingham County acted , ,

as atto rney for the Commonwealth during this period ,

vice L ewis B Williams who had h eld the o ffi ce since

.

1 83 1 .

“
This Presiding J ustice appears to have held but the
one term William H F aulconer was next electe d
. .

and continued to act as such un til M arch 1 8 7 0 when ,

the county court ceased to be a Bench of justices .

 RE C O N S T R U C T I O N , 1 8 65 To 1 8 70 1 63

O th er jus tices whose names appear as constituting the

,

court during this p eriod besides th o se name d above

, ,

were Willi am L D uval R obert Alliso n and J oseph

.
,

K D obbins
. .

I n 1 8 7 0 the new c o nstitution of the S tate framed in ,

8 6 —68 by what is known in history as the “

Black
1 7
”
and Tan or U nderwo od convention b ecame effec
“
,

”
tive ; and the S tate was re admitted into the U nion ,

which she had been chiefl y instrumental in forming

and establishing The delegate from O range to that
.

Convention was a carpet bagger whose name n ever , ,

before nor since heard o f in the County is now kn o wn ,

only to the curio us ; and which like those of all his ,

class would be infamous if it had not been fo rgotten

,
.

Th e changes wro ught by it were many and grav e ,

and chief among th em was t he abolitio n of th e county

courts administere d by j ustices an in s titution almost ,

coeval with th e colony and th e creation of the o ffice

,

of county judge .

Each county had to b e laid off into townships and ,

the Governor appointed Garrett S cott R L Gordon , . .

,

Ferdinand J ones and William F Bro oking to perform

,
.

that duty in O range Their report i s rec o rded in t he

.

current de e d book for 1 8 7 0 .

The map herewi th shows the boundaries of these

townships now known by Constitutional amendment
, , ,

as magisterial distri cts which have not been changed

,

since they were e stablished .

Great apprehension was felt at the time lest the

negroes who then co n stituted a maj ority of the regis
,

t ered v o ters might work havoc in the fiscal matte rs

,
1 64 HIS TO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

of the Coun ty by electing a maj ority of the newly

created board of supervisors A s they had already .

flocked in numb ers to Gordonsville and O range th e ,

t wo principal villages in the County it was deemed ,

essential that these precincts should be in the same

township so that the white people might maintain
,

political ascendancy in t h e other three ; which is the

explanation of the rather remarkable boundarie s of
the township s .

Th ere has howev e r never been a negro s upervisor

, ,

in the County nor any negro elected to o ffice and

, ,

rarely has there been a negro jury ; once when such ,

a j ury had been impaneled to try a member of their

own race for murder the prisoner plead earn e stly for ,

a jury of white men which was denied him , .

The townships were named Barbour M adison Taylor , , ,

and Gordon in memory of four eminent citizens of

,

the County William G Williams was chosen by the

. .

legislature as county judge H e held his first t e rm .

,

April 1 8 7 0 and appointed Lewis B William s Common

,
.
,

wealth s Attorn e y and J ohn G Williams Clerk of the

’
.
,

courts .

Th e re hav e b e en thre e county j udge s : William G .

Williams who re signed ; William R Ta liaferro and

, .

J ames W M orton The last named w as the in cumbent

. .

when the present constitution which abolished t h e ,

county courts went into eff ect H e was the recipie nt

, .

“ ”
of a handsome loving cup as a testimonial from ,

the Bar when his court ceased to be an institution

, .

S ince 1 8 7 0 matters have gone on in the usual and

regular routine with nothing of such notable moment
,
 RE C O N S T R U C T I O N , 1 8 65 T o 1 870 1 65

in th e ord er bo o ks as need b e narrated here Such .

items as have been omitted in the regular narrative ,

because not susceptible of grouping under th e chapter

headings and which are deemed worthy of attention
, ,

may be found in a subsequ ent chapter under the head

“ ”
of M iscellaneous .
 C HA P TER XX .

F i s c al an d S t a t i s t i c a l, 1 87 0 to 1
9 7 0 .

The narrative having been brought d o wn to the end

of Re construction little remains to b e told
, .

The re cup eration fro m the waste of the war has been ,

remarkable ; not more so than that of othe r counties

e nj oyin g like advantag e s of climate s oil and market , ,

facilities yet so remarkable as to arre st attention F or

, .

it must be remembered that O range was a theatre of

the war almo st from the beginning and though fabu
, ,

lous pri ces were paid for the timber and fences des
t ro yed by and fo r the supplie s furnished to the army ,

yet payment was made in fabulous currency and the ,

final re sult was total loss .

There were slave s in O range in 1 8 60 co nsti ,

tuting an asset of quite a million and a half dollars ,

nearly double the value o f all other perso nal property ,

which was wiped o u t as with a spo nge .

The tax rate on S laves twelve years of age wheth e r ,

decrepit or not was ,

e ach and the auditor s
,
’

report shows of that ag e th e tax o n wh o m

,

amounted t o nearly four thousand dollars .

A table is annexed that readers may compare for

,

th e mselves values as assessed in the years 1 8 60 1 8 66 , ,

and 1 90 6 The only change o f Co unty lines since

.

1 8 3 8 was an adju s tment of the line with L ouisa where by ,

1 66
 F I SC AL A ND ST A T I T I A L
S C ,
1 870 To 1 90 7 1 67

O range gain ed some little territory yet the return s ,

sho w a few thousand acres le ss in 1 90 6 than in 1 8 60 .

I n the latter year t h e tax rate on lands was fo rty ce nts

,

on t he hundred dollars of a s se sse d value ; in 1 8 66 ,

fourte e n c ents the valuatio n being nearly the

,

same ; in 1 90 6 it was thirty fi v e cents of which ten -

,

cents for free schools ; but the asse s s ments fo r this

year are much lower though not lower than fo r a ,

goo d many years past .

No good re ason can b e given fo r this apparent depre

c iat io n in value which is certainly only apparent
, .

There is now much mo re arable land the farming ,

has been greatly improved and the lands are in much ,

bette r condition than ever before There has also .

been a very great increment of value by reason of new

buildings and enclosures yet the assessment has fallen ,

o ff from more than in 1 8 60 to less than

in 1 90 6 and of the latter su m nearly a
,

quarter o f a million represents town values which in

1 8 60 were only in amount True labor was .
,

abundant and cheap in 1 8 66 gold was at a premium , ,

the currency inflate d and the land market brisk by ,

reason of an influx o f immigrants fro m England and

the northern S tates The panic of 1 8 7 3 d epres sed all
.

values and for so me ye ars th ere after land could hardly

be sold at any price But th e s e conditions no longer
.

prevail a nd normal price s have been attained fo r sev

,

eral years ; ye t the assessments of t he panic time c o n

tinus not only in O range but throughout the S tate .

“ ”
There can b e little doubt that politic s had much
to do with it t h e controversy over the S tate debt now
, ,
1 68 HI S TO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

happily ended having been a material factor in lower

,

ing not actual values but value s asse ss ed for taxation , .

Th e re are but few manufactures a nd sp e cial indus

t 1i es in the Coun ty ; among the latter stock breeding , ,

dairy farming and poultry raising S ome ye ars since

, .
,

there was a chee s e facto ry at S omers et which manu ,

fa c t u red excellent Cheese but it has been found to be ,

more remun erative to ship t h e cream a nd mi lk to the

city markets than to manuf acture them at home .

There was nev e r a bona fi de bank in the Coun ty till

long aft er t h e war and the early adventures in that ,

line proved disastrous to the depositors there having ,

been three bank failures in a few ye ars N ow at t h e .

,

“
County seat there are t wo national banks the Bank ,

”
of O range with a paid u p capital of
,
surplu s -
,

deposits J ohn G William s pre s i ,

.
,

“
dent M G F ield cashie r ; the Citizens N ational
, . .
,
’

Bank capital
,
su rplus depo s its
, , ,

R O H alsey president R C S laught e r

. .
, ,
. .
,

cashier ; and at Go rdo nsville there is a Branch of

”
the Virgi n ia S afe D eposit and Trust Corporation ,

W S R ogers manager A ll these institutions posses s

. .
,
.

the confidence of the people and their s tock command s ,

a premium .

There are two hunt clubs which go to the field in ,

costum e and oftener pursue a bag of ani s e s eed than

“ ”
reynard ; the Tomahawk M r H O Lyn e pre sident , . . .
,

and M r Wallace S anford ma ster of hounds ; and the

.
,

”
Blue Run M r William du Po nt pre sident and D r
,
.
, , .

J ames A ndrews master of houn d s ,

.

These clubs in addition to th e ir picturesqueness and

 F IS ALC A ND ST A TI TI A L
S C ,
1 870 To 1 90 7 1 69

sport th ey aff ord their members te ach the art of

t he ,

— ”
Thrace centaur like to rid e and pro mo te the bree d
.

ing and training of hun ters which command gre at prices .

The O range H ors eman s A s sociatio n M r Th o mas ’

, .

Atkinso n president h as be come an institutio n that

, ,

annually draws a great throng to it s exhibitio n Thi s .

undoubtedly con stitutes the Chie f s p e ctacular occa

sion of the ye ar and als o stimulate s t h e bree ding of
,

fine horses .

The building of the Charlottesville and R apidan

R ailroad cut o ff Gordonsville from h e r main back
country trad e which h as now fallen to Barboursville
,

and S omers et Thes e hamlets have beco me the main

.

depots of Greene and M adison resp e ctiv ely and their , ,

trad e in t he minor product s of t h e farm s is s o m ething

phen o menal .

The Co u nty s e at is t h e jun ctional p o int of three

railroads a nd its gro wt h in recent years has b e en
,

quite su sb t ant ial H ere are t w o banks a merchant

.
,

mill and ice factory a wholes ale s tore macadamiz ed , ,

stre ets gran o li thic pavem ents ele ctric lights and a
, , ,

library .

Go rdonsville h as a bank excellent pavements elec , ,

tric light s and an uncommo nly go od s ystem of water

works The wate r gath ered into two re s ervoirs fro m
.
,

a group of pure freest o n e springs o n the moun tain sid e ,

is v ery wholesome and t h e natural gravity is suf ficient

,

to throw a stream o v er t h e greatest e levation in th e

to wn Th ere is one ma nufacturi ng plant in succ essful
.

“
operatio n H ere th e Gordo n Land Co mpany
.
,

“ ”
launched an unfo rtunat e b oo m in 1 8 90 which like , ,

most bo o ms end e d in di s aster , .

1 70 HI S TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

There are s ix merchant mills in the county most ,

of th e m e quipp e d with the ro ller proces s machinery -

.

There is little valuable timber left but a co n siderable ,

business continue s in lumber and cro s s ties .

“ ”
The Pamunkey neighborho o d which embrace s the ,

O range S prings a very fe rtile section of t h e County

, ,

lying ten miles below the County seat has long been ,

celebrated for t h e thrift and hospitality of its p e ople .

“ “
Th e S o merse t and R apidan neighborho ods
e mbrace the m o s t beautiful and highly cultivated
s ections of t h e County The landscape beautiful in
.
,

“
itself with the long waving lin e of th e Blue Pyra
,

nees the Blue Ridge for its northward horizon

, , ,

is emb e lli shed with many hand some homes Th e soil .

is very fertile and nature h as di s p e nsed all her boun

,

ties with a lavish hand .

Before the war there were a good many citizen s in

the County o f ample fortun e s as fo rtunes were then ,

reckon e d Colon e l Geo rge Willi s s family o f Wood

.
’

Park used to come to Church at O range in a coach

,

and four and fine equipages were more t h e rule than

,

t he e xcepti o n ; aft e r t h e war hardly anyb o dy was

left ev e n well t o do th o ugh s ome of the Co unty
- -
,

people have now amassed handsome fortunes In .

more recent ye ars gentleme n o f great means at t rac ,

ted by the salubrity of the climate the ever pleasing ,

landscape the historic associatio n s and the many o ther

,

features which render the c o untry so d e ar to its people ,

have acquired homes in O range who s e combined for ,

tun es aggre gate millio ns I n most cases they have .

adapted themselves t o their new e nviro nment and ,

 F I SC AL A ND ST TI I L
A S T CA ,
1870 To 1 90 7 1
71

have e nlarged and adorned home s that were long cher

i sh ed ev e n in th e ir form e r and sim pler settings They .

have introduced the newe st method s in farming have ,

brought in many varietie s of improv e d stock and ,

thus hav e s timulat e d agricultural activiti e s in their

respectiv e neighborhood s ; b etter than all th ey have ,

shown th e m s e lve s with rarest e xc e ption t o be liberal

, ,

minded and public spirit e d and wholly without the ,

off ensiv e arro gance and di splay of t h e n ewly rich ,

I n 1 90 6 M adi son district was authorized by a vote

o f all the districts to contract a loan of for the
improvement of its public highways ; a beginning of
“ ”
the Goo d R oad s s yste m so much talked about of
late The universal hope is that this loan will enure
.

to the ge neral welfare .

I n 1 90 7 there are s eventy four public fre e schools -

in the County forty — fi v e whit e and twenty nine col

,
-

ored with fif ty white and twenty four colored teachers ;

,
-

eight graded and o ne high school ; school population ,

white colored ; Edmund W S cott S omer

, .
,

s et
,
county superinte nd e nt .

Th e net r evenue paid into the S tat e tr e asury in 1 90 5 ,

by t h e Coun ty was
I n 1 90 6 the County levy was at the rate of twenty
cents on the $ 1 00 for gen eral purp o s es and ten cents ,

for schools The magisterial district levy was from

.

five to t en cent s for scho ols and twenty to thirty for ,

ro ad s The receipts of the County for t he year were :

.

o n real estate , p ersonal e state ,

railroad s ,
2 9 ; t e legraph a nd telephone li nes ,

o ther s o urces $ 9 68 0 0 ; for schools

, .
,

Total
1
72 HIS TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

Totaldistrict receipts for schools for ,

roads , all purposes Grand ,

total county and districts

, ,

There were ninety Confederate pen s ioners to whom ,

the S tate paid

Population in 1 8 60 whites free negroes 1 8 8 ;
, , ,

S laves total
,
I n 1 900 whites
, , ,

negroes total ,

M r Woolfolk the County clerk furnishes the fol

.
, ,

lowing figures as to the denomination of the white

’
people s churches : Episcopal 4 ; Presbyterian 3 ; , ,

M ethodist 7 ; Baptist 1 3 ; D isciples 4 ; Rom an

, , ,

Catholic 1 ; F ree 1 , , .
 F I SC AL A ND ST T I TI A L
A S C ,
1 870 TO 1 90 7 1 73

M
CO PA RA TI E ST TE E T OF T V
A BLE A LUE S OF OR A MN AX V ANG E
OUNTY FOR THE C
E A RS 1860, 1866, A ND 1906 Y .

PE R S O NA L PRO PE RTY

Hors e s
Sh p
C at t l e
2 99 1
6 599
8150 32 8 00
,

00
2 102
4 98 1
00
00
3 88 1
8 263
00
00

Hg
ee 13 457 00 4 443 00 3 5 19 00

Wl
o s
at ch es .
107 04
386
00
00
7 187
344
00
00
6 102
7 62
00
00

il
C o ck s
P anos
i l v erwa re
53 9
74
00
00
429
75
00
00
917
361
00
00

H u h ld
P at e and s . 8 111 00 6 001 00 2 300 00
o

on
k i h
se

BF d g i pl m
t c en
s
o and

mi n m
ar

p p y
an d o t
ro
h ert
p l er
e
ers o na
ent s

00 12 120 00 94 343 00

T l ot a . 00

00 00 567 00
402 988 00 00 00

93 246 00 23 9 984 00
 C HA P TE R XXI .

M i sc e ll an e o u s .

The M arquis s R oad is one o f the historic highways

’

of the County extending originally from old R accoon

, , ,

F ord to B ro ok s Bridge from the R apidan to the N orth

’

A nna .

Th e general impression that L a F ayette constructed

this road is an error R etreating rapidly before Corn
.

wallis from the neighborhood of Richmo nd the latter

, ,

boasting that the boy can not escape me he crossed ,

the Rapidan probably at G ermanna subsequently

, ,

moving up to R accoon F ord where he awaited rein ,

forcements under Wayne O n Wayne s arrival he .

’

began his march towards A lbemarle old Courthouse ,

(S cottsville ) where and also at the P o int of F ork ( Col

, ,

umbia in F luvanna
,
s upplies were stored
which Tarleton was menacing The following extract .

from Burk s H istory of Virginia 1 8 1 6 Vo l IV 50 7

’

, , . .
, ,

indicates the portion of the road opened by L a F ayette .

From a respectable o fficer of militia at that time , ,

the subj oined description of L a F ayette s route has ’

been obtained ;
“
I j oin ed the M arquis s army the night they left’

R ichmond and encamped with the army at Winston s

,
’

plantation I believe in t he County of H anover

,
.

The route from thence was to Culpeper

 I
M S CE LL A N EO US 1 75

Coun ty ne ar the Ra c k o o n F ord whe re we halted until

, ,

Wayn e s brigade j oin e d The rout e fro m thence was

’
.

in b ye roads in the dire ction of t he R ivanna R iver

-
,

thro ugh O range and the upper end of Loui s a and F luy an
,

na Counties N e ar B os well s Tav e rn the army halted

.
’

o ne night and the next day was march e d along a new

,

road t o M e ch un k Creek which ro ad go es by t he name

,
‘
of th e M arquis s road to thi s day
’ ’
.

Citation s from the order b o oks in t he chapter O range ,

”
in the Revolution prove that Brock s Bridge was
,
’

regarded as an important structure and that a guard ,

was constantly kept there long before thi s march o c

curred ; which seems to be conclusive that t he M ar ,

quis did not con struct the ro ad in O range .

This road pas s e s La F ayette a station o n the N ar ,

row Gauge R ailroad named in honor of the M arquis

, .

H ere he encamped for a night his headquarters b e ing ,

und e r a large tree on o ne of t h e boughs of which he

hung his sword This tree w as blown do wn during a
.

storm some ye ars sin ce and lat e r converted i nto cross

,

ties The Rev D r H owison of F rede ricksburg auth o r

. . .
,

of a hi story of Virginia and als o a hi story of the ,

United S tate s purchased some of the se ties and had

,

walking sticks made out of them .

The items following not susceptible of gro uping

,

under a general chapter are in serted as interesting ,

miscellanies .

At the rating of price s for ordinaries in 1 7 4 2 whis ,

”
key is mentioned fo r the first time though s omething ,

“ ”
denominated rye brandy which was probably t he ,

same thing had been rated some years earlier

, .

I n that year also there was a diff erence of two pence

,
1 76 HI S TO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

in the quart for Virginia ale ; s ix p ence belo w t he

” “ ”
ridge fo ur pence o ver the ridge
, The probable
explanation is that this co mmodity was man uf actured
in the Valley and hence could be s old more cheaply
,

there Philip Long who came from A lsace was a

.
, ,

notable citizen of that part of the county now calle d

Page and his lin e al desce ndants are still prominent
,

citizens of the latter coun ty Phili p L ong s name .

’

often s pelled Lung appears frequently in the e arly

,

records of O range H is desce ndants say he was an

.

accomp li s he d brewer and it is not unlikely that h e ,

was the firs t manufacturer o f this Virginia ale .

The names of Augustin e and of Lawrence Wash

ingt o n appear as parties plaintiff durin g the forties ,
.

”
George Wythe presumed to be the S igner ,
and ,

afte rwards the famous Chancellor appeared as ,

counsel for J ohn Willis in 1 7 4 7 Edmund Pendleton .

,

also appeared as counsel but the name of his client

, ,

is not given .

Chief J ustice M arshall was coun sel for J ohnny S cott ,

and his receipt for his fee is still extant .

I n 1 7 5 1 H e nry D owns who had been a King s jus ,

’

tice and a m emb er o f the H ouse of Burgesses is men ,

”
t ioned in a court order as a Runaway He was .

expelled from the H ouse of Burge s ses of Virginia for

“ ”
stealing a white S h e ep in M aryland before he settled , ,

in this S tate .

I t is stated in a note to the D inwiddie Papers ,

Vol I I 1 67 that J ohn S potswood was County Lieu t en

. .
, ,

ant of O range in 1 7 55 This is an error as J ohn Bay .

,

lor was then County Lieut e nant a fact which these ,

same papers establish .

 I
M S CE LL A N EO US 1
77

A county seal is first mention ed in 1 7 7 4 The seal .

is an excellent cut of a lion e ncircle d by the name ,

of t h e County Th e cost o f it w a s fifty shillings

. .

S mallpox created more con s ternati o n in t he O ld days

“
than now I n 1 7 7 8 on t h e petition o f J os eph S pencer
.
,

leave is granted him t o in o culat e fo r the smallpox at

his hous e in this County and in April 1 7 9 7 “
on , ,

t h e motion of J ohn S tevens for leave to inoculat e for

the s mallpox it is granted him it appearing t o the ,

Court that he and his family are in im mediate dan

ger of taking the said di sorder ; such ino culation to
take place on or b efore the 1 0t h of M ay next ensuin g , ,

”
and not le ss than ha lf a mile from the road .

There was another alarm in 1 8 4 8 when t he Court ,

‘
dire cted D r D avid Pannill to take charge of the
.

malady ere ct a hospital or hospitals employ servants

, , ,

age nts etc and clothed him with plenary power to do

,
.
,

what he thought best promising $ 50 0 to pay ,

expenses .

I n 1 8 2 3 t he Court contracted with Reuben Lind s ay

to make an accurate chart of the County at a cost of
This was probably fo r the we ll k nown -

”
,

N ine She et map of the S tate far and away the best
-
,

that has ever been made the copper plate s of which ,

are yet in t h e S tate L ibrary .

A committee of promi ne nt citizens was appointed

“
by the Court in 1 8 3 3 to see the fre e people of colo r ,

and ascertain what number of them would avail them

selves o f a recent A c t of A ssembly providing for their
transportation to Liberia N othing appears to have .

come of it though J ames M adison J r was an ardent

, ,
.
,
1 78 H IS TO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

member of the American Colonization S ociety and

remembered it in his will The mill at To dds b ert h .

onc e belo nged to this so cie ty .

M adi s o n die d in 1 8 3 6 and his wid o w qualified as ,

executrix giving bond fo r , J udge Philip

’
P Barbour s will was proved in 1 8 4 1 and the admin
.
,

i st rat io n bond was for

I n D r Taylor s Virginia Baptist M inisters it is
.
’

stated that M r Craig w as imprisoned in b o th Cul

.

peper and O range The O range records do not sus .

tain this statement .

Although interest in improved stock and especially ,

in horse s was nev e r so gre at in former times as now

, ,

yet the importation of thoroughbreds for breeding

purposes b egan long ago Go vernor B arbour having ,

imported several notable hors e s from England early

in the last century M r R B Haxall who resided . . . .
,

at R ocklands gave quite an impuls e to the breeding

,

of fine st o ck of every kind and also to high grade farm ,

-

ing He introduced what i s commo nly kn own a s

.

“ ”
J apan clover in t he County and ke pt in s tud fo r ,

many years s ev eral of M aj o r D o swe ll s highest bred

’

horses and oth e rs of equally famou s pedigree

,
.

S ome years prior t o t h e war a j o int stock company

built a training stable at Le e s Cro s sing near M adi s on
’

“ ”
Run known locally as t h e H ors e College and placed
, ,

an imported Engli sh trainer named Carrier in charge , ,

.

”
Here was kept Voltaire probably the most famous
“
,

“ ”
sire ev e r kn own in O range and this history would ,
’
be inco mplete if Voltaire s name were omitt ed .

A general o fficer bought him during the war and he ,

 M I S CE LL A N EO US 1 79

w as killed in battle ; but to b e able to trace li neage

back to him still establishes a h o rs e genealogy through
o u t the C ounty .

For many years so many that t h e O ldest inh a b i

,

tant forty years s ince kn ew not how lo ng an old ,

dismounted ca nnon lay on the old turnpike a few hun ,

dred yards b e low t h e County s e at I t was t h e custom .

o f the boys at Chri s tmas and on t h e F ourth of J uly to

, ,

load it up and fire a round of salutes and about 1 8 60 ,

it was overcharge d and burst M o s t probably it was left .

th ere during the R evolution but this i s o nly surmise , ,

Another just like it was at the Orange Springs This

, , .

was not o nly burst by a discharge but the man who ,

touch e d it off was kille d b y t h e explosion — a valuable

s ervant of M r Coleman who owne d t he S prings
. .

”
Th e name O ld Trap the mo dern Locu s t Grove , ,

appears as e arly a s 1 7 8 5 Th e old names fo r P o plar .

”
Run were Baylor s Run and Beaver D am Run and
“ “ ’

t he name fo r the bend in the R apidan n e ar where this

”
run enters it was t h e Punch B o wl and it i s so print ,

ed on the maps P ri or t o 1 8 00 there was an incor

.

p o r at i o n of a pro s p e ctive village under the nam e of

M e chanic I t wa s som ewh ere b etwee n Barbours
ville and th e Greene line but it nev er b ec am e a v illag e ; ,

“ ”
a boom p erhaps in the C hrysalis s tate Verdi ers .

ville in t h e grim humor of t h e soldiers wa s known a s

, ,

“ ”
M y D earsv ille during the war
, .

I n the o ne hundred and s eventy three years that the

County has exi s ted there have b e en practically but
,

fi v e K ing s and Co mm o nwealth s Attorneys ; Z achary

’ ’

Lewis J ohn Walker Gilbert H H amilt o n L ewis B

, , .
, .
1 80 HIS TO R Y OF O RA N GE CO U N T Y

Williams and J oh n G Williams ; an average term of

, .

nearly thirty fi v e years -

.

These are some of the old land grants in the County :

I n 1 7 7 2 to Bartholomew Yat e s L at ane R obinson
, , , ,

Clou der H arry Beverley William S t anard and Edwin

, , ,

Thacker acres on s o uth side of R apidan one

, ,

quarter of a mile below mouth of Laurel Run To .

H arry Beverley acres north s ide head of Pamun

, ,

key To J ames Taylor

. acres both S ides Little , ,

M o untains south of R apidan adj oining J ohn Bay

, ,

’
lor s land To same acres To William B ev
.
, .

e rley acres I n 1 7 2 3 to A m brose M adi son and

,
.
,

Thomas Chew acre s I n 1 7 2 6 to Willi am Todd

, .
, ,

two grants of 4 67 3 acres each on both sid e s o f Little ,

M ountains south of R apidan ; grant mentions Ta li a

.

ferro s Run and calls for a corner wi th A mbros e M adi

’

son To F rancis Conway 57 6 acres T0 J ohn Ta lia

.
, .

ferro t h efyoun ger 93 5 acres S outh West M oun tain To

, , , .

Benj amin Port er a tract adj oin ing Colo nel S potswood ,

and L awrence T aliaferro ; and in 1 7 2 7 t o J ohn D own

J.
,

er a tract adj oining J ames Taylor

,
.

I n nearly all of the earlier grants t he S outhwest ,

M oun tains are called the Little M ountain s and Blue

Run is invariably spelled Blew .

M any mo re items curious rather than historical , ,

might be added but these are deemed to be qui te ,

enough .
 C HA P TER XXII

Bi o g r aphic al S k et ch es .

B A R B O U R B J O HN S O N Youngest son of Go vernor

, . .

Barbour born 1 8 2 1 died 1 8 94 ; had great li terary ac

, ,

co mp li shm ent s and extraordin ary gifts as a speaker and

conv ersationalist ; was long Rector of the U niversity

o f Virgin ia and Visitor to the M iller S chool and like
, , ,

his father was greatly devoted to the cause of gen eral

,

education He was elected to Congre s s immediately

.

after t h e war but wa s not permitted t o take his se at

,

under the proscriptive régimé that then prevailed .

H e repre s ented the Coun ty in the L egislature and was

one o f the earliest supervisors ; was the orator o n
the occasion of the dedication of t he Clay statue in
the Capitol S quare in Richmond ; and such was his elo
qu enc e and scholarship that he wa s always in dem a nd
a s an orator .

B A RB O U R JA M E S Born Jun e 1 0 1 7 7 5 ; died Ju n e

,
.
,

7 1 8 4 2 ; served in the legislatur e from 1 7 9 6 to 1 8 1 2

, ,

and during his Service in that body was the strenuo u s

advocate of M adison s famous Re solutions of 7 9 99
’
1 8 —

was elected Governor J anuary 1 8 1 2 and served as

, , ,

such with patriotic zeal practically un til the end o f

,

the War of 1 8 1 2 ; was elected U nited S tates S enator

1 82 HIS TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

in 1 8 1 5 where he served until 1 8 2 5 then becoming

, ,

S ecretary of War until 1 8 2 8 when he was s e nt as ,

M inister Plenipote ntiary to England wh ence he was ,

recalle d in 1 8 2 9 on the election of A n drew J ackson to

t h e Presidency ; was chairman of the N ational Con
v ent io n which no minated William H enry H arrison in
1 8 3 9 and for years t h e president of t h e O ra nge H umane
,

S ociety in which position he foste re d education in every

,

possible way Though others claim that distinction

.
,

there is little reason to doubt that he wa s the originato r

of the Literary Fund of Virgin ia which has been t h e
main stay of popular education from its cre ation un til
now greatly supplemented certainly since the public
, , ,

free schools have become a S tate institution H is .

wish was that public service only should constitute his

epitaph He is said to have been a maj estically hand
.

some man of great eloquence and a wonder as a c o n

, ,

v ersa t i o nali s t H e lies buried at Barboursville in an

.

unmarked grave I t would be a j ust tribute t o his

.

memory and a tardy re cognitio n of his great services

,

to the cause of e ducation in his Coun ty and S tate

fo r t he school authorities to ere ct some memo rial over it .

B A R B O U R P HILI P P E N D L E T O N Born M ay 2 5 1 7 8 3 ;
,
.
,

son of Thomas and brother of the Go vernor A fter he .

had been admitted to the Bar and had practiced law ,

he studied at Willi am and M ary College ; me mb er of

the Legislature 1 8 1 2 —1 4 ; of the U nit e d S tat e s H ouse of

R epresentatives 1 8 1 4—2 1 and S peake r of the H ouse ; ,

resign ed in 1 8 2 5 and was appointed U nited S tates

,

D istri ct Judge ; again Member of Congress from

 B I OG R A P HI C A L SK E T C HE S 1 83

182 7 to
was Pre sid ent of the Virginia Convention
1 830 ;
of 1 8 2 9 succ ee ding J ames M o nroe and was a notable
, ,

memb er of that e minent body of s tatesmen ; appoint

ed associate justice Unite d S tate s Supreme Court
by A ndrew J ackson in 1 8 3 6 ; and was foun d dead in
his bed in Washin gton F ebruary 2 5 1 8 4 1 H e is , , .

buried in t he Congressional Cemetery .

B A R B O U R T HO M AS Born 1 7 3 5 ab o ut one and one

, .
,

fo urth mile s ea s t of Barboursville village and one ,

fourth mile s outh of the turnpike ; died at Barbours

ville 1 8 2 5 ; appoin ted K ing s Justice in 1 7 68 and
,
’

was continuously in the commis sio n until his death .

M ore minute s of court are signed by him than by any

other justice H e lo ng repre s ented the Coun ty in the
.

H ous e of Burgess e s was a me mber of the Conventio ns ,

of 1 7 7 4 and 1 7 7 5 and Co unty Lieutenant with the , ,

rank of colon e l in the later years of the R evolutionary

,

War H e wa s the father of Govern o r J ames and Judge

.

P P Barbour
. . .

B A RT L E Y JA M E S AVI S Author of t wo volumes of

, .

p o ems which have now b e come quite rare ; was edu

c at ed at the U niversity of Virginia S hortly before the

war and died not long afterwards

, .

and LA RK IN S ons of Col Thoma s

C HE W, CO L B Y . .

Chew sheri ff of O range in 1 7 4 5 and M artha Taylor

, , ,

great aunt of Pre sident M adison and great grand aun t

- - -

of Pre sident Taylor Colby served in the expedition .

against the Shawnees in 1 7 5 6 was ensign in Washing ,

ton s regiment in 1 7 5 7 was wounded near F ort Du

’

que sne in 1 7 58 and falli ng into the river was drowned

, , .
1 84 H I S T O RY OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

L arkin his brother had his arm shattered by a ball in

, ,

battle in 1 7 54 and was a lieutenant in the S econd Vir

,

ginia R egiment (V I Va H i st M ag
. . . . .

C L E VE L A N D B E NJ A M IN Born and raised in O range

, . ,

some s ix or eight miles from t he mouth of Blue Ru n .

H e married M ary Grav e s also of O range ; was a gal ,

lant and e fficient o fficer during the R evolution and one

of the commanders at Kings M oun tain (V I I Va . . .

H i st M ag 4
.
, ,

Wheeler ( H istory of N orth Caro lina ) says he was born

in P ri n ce William Coun ty Virginia but the fact of his , ,

birth in O range seems incontestible Cleveland s Run .

’

about a mile north east of Barboursville was doubtless ,

named for him or his family as his parents and grand ,

parents li ved near it They were Baptists and doubt

.
,

les s members of old B lue Run church .

C R E N S HAW CA P TA IN W ILLI A M G Born July 7 t h

, .
,

182 4 ,
in R ichmond Virgin ia and married M ay 2 5t h
, , , ,

1 84 7 ,
M iss F anny E lizabeth Graves of O range County .

He died M ay 2 4th 1 8 9 7 at Hawfi eld about six months

, , ,

after his wi fe and both are buried in H ollyw ood at

, ,

R ichmond .

He was a man of remarkable ability When the .

Civil War broke out though not yet thirty sev e n ye ars
,
-

O f age he was the s eni o r member of Crenshaw

, Co .
,

whose business extended over a large part of the world ,

much of their foreign trad e b eing done in v e ss els built

and owned by himself and his brothers .

A s soon as Virginia seced e d he determined t o discon

t inu e business and go into the army and raised and ,
 B I OG R A PHI C A L SK E T C HE S 185

equipped at his own expense a battery of artillery ,

“ ” ’
k nown as Cren shaw s Battery which became famous , .

A fter the ardou s campaign of 1 8 63 having participated ,

in every battle from M e chanicsville t o S harp sburg he ,

was detailed by the Co nfederate Gov ernment t o go t o

Europe as its commercial agent This po sition he held .

to the end of the war accomplishin g large results in

,

obtaining ordnance clothing provisio ns and other

, , ,

supplies for the government ; in building steamers to

get these supplies into t he blockaded ports ; and also
building several notable privateers for t h e Confe d eracy .

He remained in England until the summer of 1 8 68 ,

and was thereafter for many years engaged in business

in N ew York .

Throughout his life h e was an ardent enthusiastic ,

and successful farmer and stock breeder sp ending all ,

the time he could spare at Hawfi eld where h e re sided ,

permanently the last ten years of his li fe .

F RAN K LIN J E S S E B orn in O range M arch 4 1 7 60 ;

, .
, ,

died 1 8 4 was adj utant to his uncle Colonel Clev e land , ,

at the battle of Kings M ountain ; m ember of N orth

Carolin a L egislature and M ember of Congre ss ; was
,

United S tates S enato r for two terms and president pro

tempore of the S enate 1 8 0 5 and Governor of N orth
, ,

Caro lina in 1 8 2 0 (V II Va H ist Mag

. . . .
,

F RY ,P HILIP S Born . died J uly 1 8 59 ; was long

the honored and belov e d clerk of the co unty and circuit
courts He was d eputy clerk in 1 8 2 1 a ju s tic e in
.
,

1 83 4
, and was elected clerk in F ebruary 1 8 44 by t he , ,

ful l b ench of justice s receiving eightee n v o te s to o ne

, ,

for J o hn M Chapman
. .
1 86 H I S T O RY OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

G O RD O N JA M E S Planter of G e rmanna kn o wn as
, .
, ,

J ames o f O range to di s tinguish him from his first ,

c o u s in the second J ames of Lancaster was born in

, ,

Richmond Coun ty in 1 7 59 H e was the eldest son of .

J ohn Gordon who emigrate d t o Virginia from Coun ty

,

D own I reland where his proge nitors had be e n se ate d

, ,

“ ”
at S heep b ridge n ear N ewry s ince 1 69 2 J ohn Gor, , .

don married in M iddlesex County in 1 7 56 Lucy , ,

Churchill daughter of Col A rmistead Churchill and

, .

his wi fe H annah H arrison of Wakefield J ames Gor

, , .

don represented R ichmond County in the H ouse of

D elegates in 1 7 8 1 ; and O range as the colleague of ,

J ames M adison in the Virginia Convention of 1 7 8 8

,

which ratified the F ederal Constitution H e died at .

G erm anna D ecember 1 4 1 7 99 and was buried there in

, , ,

the Gordon family burying ground .

G O RD O N W ILLI A M F I T Z HU G H Planter lawyer and

, .
, ,

statesman ; was the second son of J ames Gordon of ,

O range He was born at G ermanna J anuary 1 3 th

.
, ,

1 7 8 7 and after reading law in F red e rick s burg practi s ed

,

for several years at O range H e was a member of the .

H ouse of D elegates from A lbemarle serving for a long ,

p eriod as chairman of the judiciary committee and ,

was instrumental in the enactment of legislation estab

lishing the U niversity of Virginia F or several sessions .

he was a member of the U nited S tates H ouse of Repre

s ent at iv e s and was the originator of the I ndependent
,

or S ub Treasury sys tem H e was a member of the

-
.

famous Conv ention of 1 8 2 9—3 0 and formulated the ,

s ch e me of repre s entation which was finally accepted ,

by the Convention known as as the M ixed Basis “

,
.
 B I OG R A P HI C A L S KE T C HE S 1 87

He was brigadier and later maj or general o f t h e S tate

, ,
-

M ilitia He married firs t D ece mber 1 2 1 8 0 9 M ary

.
, , , ,

”
R obinso n Ro ote s F ederal H ill Fre d ericks burg
, , ,

who died without i s sue ; s e co nd J anuary 2 1 1 8 1 3 , , ,

Eli zabeth Lindsay daught e r o f Col R eub en Lindsay , .

,

of A lbemarle County and o f this marriage were born ,

twelve children .

Gen eral Gordo n was a democrat o f the S tates R ight s ’

scho ol and a fervid and e lo quent s peaker H e died

,
.

at his residen ce Edgeworth in A lbemarle five miles

“
, , ,

we st of Go rdo nsville August 2 8 1 8 58 , , .

K E M PE R JA M E S LAWS O N Born in M adison Co un ty

, .

in 1 8 2 4 ; d e scended fro m o ne of t h e Ge rman c o lonists

at G ermanna o f 1 7 1 4 ; e ducated at Washington Col
le ge Virginia ; co mmi s sio ned Captain by President
,
’
Polk in 1 8 4 7 and j oin e d Ge neral Taylor s army in
,

M e xico but too late for active s ervice ; s erved ten

,

ye ars in t he H ouse of D elegat e s and was S peaker of

the H o use ; Colon e l of t he S ev e nth Virgin ia I nfantry
in 1 8 6 1 Brigadier general in 1 8 62 ; de s perately wound
-

’
ed and left on the field in Pickett s charge at Gettys
burg M aj or gen eral M arch 1 8 64 in command of
.
-
, , ,

re serve forces aro und R ichmond ; elected Gov e rnor

of Virginia in 1 8 7 3 defeating J udge Robert W H ughe s
, .
,

an
“
d after the end of hi s term re siding at Waln ut
, ,

”
H ills n e ar O range Courtho u se until his death in 1 8 9
, ,

practicing law in O range and adj ac e nt coun tie s He .

was a gentleman of fi ne pre s ence something didactic ,

in manne r and a speaker of e xcelle nt ability

,
H e was .

t h e first Gov e rnor from amo ng our own people after

the war .
1 88 H I S TO R Y OF ORA NG E C O UN TY

L E L AN D J O HN A Baptist preach e r born in M assa

, .
,

c hu s e tt s in 1 7 54 H e came to Culp eper in 1 7 7 5 and

.
,

was mad e pastor of M t Poney ch u rch where he soon had

.
,

trouble and came to O range in 1 7 7 6

, .

There is a local tradition of an all day long discus - -

s ion betwe e n him and J ames M adison wh e n the latter ,

w a s a candidate for t h e C o nv e ntion of 1 7 8 8 at a ,

famous spring n e ar N aso n s A fine oak tree still ’

.
,

s tanding near t h e s pring is known loca lly as Ma diso n s

“ ’

”
O ak .

“
A S neith e r the Life of L eland n o r the sketch o f ,

“ ”
him in S prague s A merican Pulpit ’
makes any ,

mention of this discus s ion the incident is believed to ,

b e wholly apocryphal ; and had not J udge D abney ,

who married a great ni e c e of M adison s attempted to

’
-
,

dignify the myth by publi shing an acc o unt o f it over

load e d with errors in H arp er s magazine this sketch ’

would have been wholly unneces s ary .

MAD I S O N JA M E S Born M arch 1 6 1 7 5 2 ; died J un e

, .
,

2 8 ,
1 8 3 6 ; w a s the s o n of J ames M adison of O range and ,

N elly Conway of K ing George in which latter Co u nty

, ,

he was born while his m o ther was on a visit to her p a

rental home at Port Conway Th e place of his birth .

has be en marked in re cent ye ars by the F ederal gov ern

ment The encyclopaedias and all of his biograph e rs
.

s tat e that he was born in M arch 1 7 51 but inasmuch , ,

“
a s there was no month of M arch in that ye ar the N ew ,
”
S tyle of reckoning the calendar year fro m J anuary 1 ,

in s tead of from M arch 2 5 b egin ning with 1 7 5 2 having

, ,

cut o u t M arch fro m 1 7 5 1 it is manifest that th eir date

,
 B I OG R A PHI C A L SK E T C HE S 189

is in correct Ev en so pain staking a hi s torian as

.

“
Charle s Campbell locate s his birthplace as near Port
”
Royal in Carolin e Coun ty
,
.

The biographies of M adis on are s o num erous that

no sketch of him is a n e c e ssa ry part of this b oo k but ,

extracts from a remarkable pan egyric by the late emi

nent Virginian H ugh Blair Grigsby in his exce ssively , ,

rare D i s cours e on the Virginia Conv ention of 1 8 2 9—3 0

“
,

published by the Virginia H istorical S ociety in 1 8 53 ,

is substituted .

P rhap t he m o t im p rtant act in o ur hi s t ry w s t h ado pti on

e s s o o a e

of th F d ral C n titu ti n n act t h fu ll p urp ort f w hich w n ot

e e e o s o ,
a e o as

kn w n at t h tim f i t s ad pti on if ind d it is full y kn wn at

o e e o o ,
ee o

p r s nt nd t h hi t ry f that in trum n t n d f t he m a u r f
e e ,
a e s o o s e a o e s es o

tho w h carri d it int o xe cu ti on w w rapp d u p in t h li

se o e f e , as e e v es o

t h m n w h th n at i n that hall
e e o eIf t an y o n i n di id u al m r
s o e v o e

than an th r t h pat ernity o f t he F e deral Co n titu ti n m y b e

.

o e e s o a

a crib d J am M a di n w that m n It m y b that t h p r nt

s e es so as a a e e es e

fo rm o f that pap r i from t he p en f Go u rn ur M rri b u t M a di

.
,

e s o ve e o s,

so n w t h i n s pi ri n g g ni u s o f t h n w s y t em
as e H it w w hoe e e s . e as ,

whil a m m b r f t h old C ongr ss dr w t he c l brat d app al t

e e e o e e ,
e e e e e o

th p e pl at t h cl s f t h w r t o ad pt m ffi ci n t m o d f
eo e e o e o e a o so e e e e o

payi n g t h e de bt o f t h C n f d rati n ; w h p ro cu r d in 7 8 6 t h e
s e o e e o o e 1

pa ag f t h r o l u ti n o f thi C omm onw alth in i tin g t he m t

ss e o e es o s e , v ee

i ng at A nn ap o li which re u lt d in t he a m bling o f t h C n n
s, s e sse e o ve

ti n at Philad lphia ; w h attend d t he e i n f that b dy and

o e o e s ss o s o o ,

as m u ch s an y o n m n if n t m r
a gu id d i t d lib rati on He
e a ,
o o e, e s e e s .
,

too , w as t h a u th r f t h l tt r acc m pan yin g t h C on tit u ti n

e o o e e e o e s o

s ign d by Wa s hi n gt o n
e n d addr d t o t h Pr id n t o f C n gr s
a es se e es e o es

He it w w ho with J y an d H am ilt on u tain d t h C on titu ti n

, ,

as a s s e e s o

ays w hich un d r t he n am o f t he F e d rali s t ha

, ,

”
by tho s e ess ,
e e
“
e ,
ve

attain d t he dignity o f a t xt b o k nd a clas sic H it w s w h o

e e -
o a e a ,

m o re tha n ny one m n b rac d t h n r s f t h C n en tio n f

a a e e e ve o e o v o

7 8 8 w hi l H n ry Ge rg M as n Gray o n and M on ro w ere b re at h

,

1 ,
e e ,
o e o , s e

i ng awful im p r cati ns o n t h he ad o f t he n w ys tem ; n d w ho

e o e e s a

drafte d t he form f ratificatio n o f that in trum en t by t h b o dy

o s e ,

a form des tine d t o b k now n b tt r her after than it is at p re nte e e e se .

1 90 HI S TO R Y or ORAN GE CO U N T Y

[T hi s p r ph tic
w as t he p opl o f Virgi nia le arn d t o thei r r
e as eo e e so

He it w s w h o r paire d t N w York n d a i t d
,

ro w i n a e o e a ss s e

i n t h d lib rati n
e e f t he fi r t C n g r ss
e oH it w wh s o i nfl u n c s o e e as o se e e

w a fe lt i n t h e F d ral c o un cils
.

s ith r by hi s p rs n al p r n c s
e e e e e o ese e a

a m em b r f t h H u o f Re p r entati e S cr tary o f S tat

,

e o e o se es v s, e e e,

an d P re s id en t o r by hi w riting fr m 7 8 6 wh n Virgi nia ad pt d

,
s s o 1 ,
e o e

hi s r o l u ti o n in iti n g t h m ti n g at A nn ap li t t h m m n t f
es v e ee o s, o e o e o

t he a m blin g o f t h b dy o f which he w as th n a m m b r T h
ss e e o e e e . e

hi t ry o f that n m n w a t h hi t ry f hi c o un t ry
s o o e T h er t
a s e s o o s . e, o

th xtr m e l ft o f t h chair s it then s to o d dr s d in black with

e e e e e ,
a ,
e se ,

an li c l r d
o v e- rc at n w
o o e n d th n rai i n g hi
ove hand t hi o ,
o a e s s o s

p wd r d hai r and tu di u sly att n ti e t o e ry p ak r h e w

o e e ,
s o e v ev s e e ,
as

s itting b f re y u e o o

When Mr M adi n t k hi at in t he C n nti n h w s in

.

. so oo s se o ve o ,
e a

t he e n ty nin th [ 7 8 t h] y a r f hi s
sev -
g ; y t th u gh f r ad an c d e o a e e ,
o so a v e

in lif nd
e, a n titl d alik e by a g e an d p iti on t o a h att n d e d
e e os e se , e e

th m e ting o f t he b o dy d i ni ng a e i n o f thr m onth nd a

ee s s ss o ee s a

h lf with u t t h l ss s f r I n w r m m b r f m re than a
a ,
o e o ,
o a as o e e e ,
o o

s i n gl day T hat h w a entitle d t t h e chair nd that t h un i r

e . e s o ,
a e ve

sa l xp ctati n w
e e that h e h u ld r cei e that hon r n ne knew
o as s o e v o ,
o

b tt r or c o ul d ha acknowl dg d m or grac e fu lly than Mr

e e ve e e e

M nr H p ke b u t two or thr tim s wh n h a c rtain d

.
, ,

o oe . e s o ee e ,
e e s e e

that hi s oic w s t l w t o b h ard ; p o ibly t o o h m ight ha

v e a oo o e e ss , ,
e ve

b n a r fr m m in glin g t o cl ly in t h bitt r s tri f s f a n w

ee v e se o o o se e e e o e

g n rati n Wh n he ro e t o s p ak t he m m b rs ld w ll
e e o . e s e ,
e e ,
o as e as

y un g l ft th ir at n d lik childr n abo u t t o r c i e t he w rd s

o ,
e e se s, a ,
e e e e v o

o f wi d m from t h lip s o f an age d fath r gath r d a r un d hi m

s o e e ,
e e o .

T hat h till r tain d t h igo r f hi i nt ll ct n d that un p

e s e e e v o s e e ,
a a

pr oach b l grace i n hi w ri tt en c m p iti on his t w o h rt p e ch

a e s o os s, s o s e es ,

w ri tten u t by hi m lf nd hi l tt rs t Mr Cab ll Mr E r tt
o se ,
a s e e o . e , . ve e ,

an d Mr In g r .ll n t h tariff bank n d n ulli fi c t i n c n t r er

e so ,
o e ,
a a o o ov

i S h w cl arly n u gh
s es , o e e o

a S p aker Mr M adi on w a m re di s tingui h d by in t ll ct

.

A s e , . s s o s e e e

u l tha n phy ical q u aliti s

a s S ral f t h fin s t p e eve o e e as

ag s in hi p ch in t h Vi rgi nia F e d eral C on enti n re l s t t

.

s e s s ee es e v o a o o

p t rity from t h w akn s o f hi o ic

os e e e es s v e .

Wh it i r m m b r d that t h e fa rabl
en s t f Virginia w
e e e e vo e vo e o as

al ne wantin g t s a t h C n titu ti n ight S tat ha i n g alre ady

o o ve e o s o e es v

n d that N rth Ca r li n a an d R h o d e I lan d aft e rwa rd s

,

ratifi e d it ,
a o o s
 B I OG R A P HI C A L SK E T C HE S 1 91

f d t ad pt it it is m r than p r babl that i t r j cti on by t h

re u s e o o o e o e s e e e

Virgi nia th n w w uld ha e ttl d

,

larg s t S tat i n t h U ni n
e e e o as e as , o v se e

F d ral Con titu ti n w u ld ha unk t ri n

,

i t s fat e nd t h ,
a e e e s o o ve s o se o

m o re .

If t h ead pti n f that s ys t m w r wi n d p rop r; if it h s

o o o e e e se a e a

S h d bo un dl s bl ing n ur w n p pl n d lift d i t ch ri n g
e es es s s o o o eo e, a e s ee

light t t h ye o f t h pp r s d f ry clim ; n d if u ch a gl ri
o e e s e o es e o ev e e a s o

o u res ul t
s n b e t rac e d t t h acti n f n y o n S tat
ca nd n y n o e o o a e e a a o e

m an Vi rgi n ia i t h e S tat
,
n d JAM S M ADISON i t h m n t wh o m
s e, a E s e a ,
o

hon r i s d u
o e .

Whateve r h e di d w as thor u ghly d ne T h m em rial n o o . e o o

r ligi u
e fr e d m p r pared by hi m in 7 8 in which h d m n
o s e o ,
e 1 0, e e o

str t d a e p erhap for t he fir t tim e t h cardin al d ctrines which

,
s s ,
e o

o u ght t c ntro l g rnm n ts i n m att rs f r ligi n w m ain ly

o o ov e e e o e o ,
as

e ffi ci n t i n p u ttin g n n d t
e that un n atural c nn cti n b tw n a e o o e o e ee

chu rch n d s tat t w hich s m f t h abl t tat m n f t h R

a e o o e o e es s es e o e ev o

lu t i o n g u id d by arly p r j u dic
,
e t cl ly adh r d n d will e e es , oo ose e e ,
a

h n c f rth app ar s w ll fr m t h b au ty f i t tyl

e e o e ,
fr m t h
a e o e e o s s e as o e

w eight f i t s p hi l phy am ng t h m s t c n picu u religi u s

o os o ,
o e o o s o s o

landm arks in t h hi s t ry f u r rac H w t h d light f t h e o o o e . e as e e o e

so cial circl n d em d i n capabl f im p u tin g a har h m ti t

e, a se e e o s o ve o

an y hum an b ing e .

His wife whos e e l gan ce diff u d a l u tr

,
r hi p u b lic car r e se s e ove s ee ,

a n d w h w s t h light o f hi ru ral h m
a acc m pani d him t Rich
e o s o e, o e o

m nd o nd , y u l ft th i r p r s n c
a ,
as it w a im p ibl n t t
o e e e e e, s oss e o o

r j ic
e o that Pr id n ce had all tt d t s u ch a c u pl n ld ag SO
e ov e o e o o e a o e

lo ly
ve

I f I were calle d upon said Chief J ustice M arshall , ,

to say who of all th e men I hav e kn own had the

greatest power to co nvince I should p erhaps say M r , , , .

M adison while M r H enry had without doubt the

, .
, ,

( H enry s Life of Patrick

’
greatest power to persuade
H enry Vol I I , . .

H e was the auth o r in part o f Wa sh ingt o n s F are , ,

’

”
well Addre ss and of the splendid in s cription o n H ou ,
1 92 H I S TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

’
don s statue of Washin gton which has no superi or of ,

its kind :
Th e G n e ral A m bly f t he C om m nw alth f Vi rginia h a e
e sse o o e o v

ca u s d thi s tat u e t o b e re ct d as a m onum n t o f aff cti n and

e s e e e e o

gratitu d t G o rg Was hin gto n w h o un itin g t t he n d wm nts

e o e e , ,
o e o e

o f t h e h ero t h irt u s o f t h e patri t and x rting b th i n s

e v e o ,
e e o e

t b li h in g t h lib rti
a s f hi c un t ry h a r n d re d h i s n a m de a r
e e es o s o , s e e e

to hi f ll w citiz ns n d gi en t o t h e w o rld an imm o rtal x

s e o e ,
a v e

am pl o f tru gl ry
e e o .
"

M ILL S R O G E R Q Born in t he Pamun key neighbor

, .

hood M arch 3 0 1 8 3 2 and went first to K entucky and

, , , ,

then to Texas ; s e rved thro ugh the war ; M ember of

—
Co n gress 1 7
8 2
9 ; chairman of H ouse Committee
,
2

of Ways and M eans and author of the M ills Tariff

Bil which became a political i s sue and was defeated ;
United S tates S enator 9 99 1 8 2 —
, .

M O RT O N JA C K S O N Broth er of J eremiah was

, .
,

United States S enato r from F lorida 1 8 4 9—1 8 5 5 ; mem ,

ber of the Confederate Provisional Congre s s .

M O RT O N J E RE M I AH Born 1 7 9 died 1 8 7 elected

, .

to Thirty fi rst Con gre ss as a democrat over J ohn S

-
.

Pendleto n of Culpeper and served from 1 8 4 9 to 1 8 5 1 ;

, ,

represented t he Co unty in t h e Convention of 1 8 6 1 ;

”
was a s ece s sio nist His home was M o rton H all n e ar
“
.
,

R accoon F ord .

N E W M AN JA M E S of H ilton ,
Born 1 8 0 6 died , .
,

1 88 6 ; was a noted ag riculturist and a gentleman

of large information ; was president of the S tate
Agricultural S ociety and did much to promote the ,
 B I OG R A PHI C A L S KE T C HE S 1 93

improvement of stock in O range introducing and long ,

maintaining t he notable C otswo ld bre e d of shee p H is .

most important wo rk was a seri es of sketche s published ,

in a local paper relating to the early history and tra

,

dit io ns of the County at the re que s t o f D r G e orge , .

W Bagby M ost diligent s e arch has b e en made for

. .

these sketches but no trace o f them has been found

, .

S P O T S WO O D o r S PO TT I S WO O D A L E XAN D E R called by
, , ,

“
Colonel Byrd the Tubal Cain of Virgi nia th e re al ,

protagonist of O range Coun ty was born at Tangier , ,

in 1 67 6 H e entered t he army was wo unded at the

.
,

famo us battle of Ble nheim and rose to the rank of ,

lieutenant —colonel I n 1 7 1 0 he was appointed Lieu

.

tenant Governor of Virginia und er the nominal Go vernor

-
,

the Earl of O rkn e y and sho we d himse lf a conspicu ,

o u s ly en e rge tic administrator laboring for the good of ,

the Colo ny in divers ways H e rebuilt the college o f .

William and M ary of which college he makes mention ,

in his will recorded in O range and took m e asure s for

, ,

the conv ersion and instruction of I ndian children .

H e was the first to cross the A ppalachian M ountains ,

the Blue Ridge in 1 7 1 6 and he dealt re so lute ly wi th

, ,

the e n emie s of t he Co lony capturing and putting to ,

d eath the famous pirate Edward Leach known as , ,

”
Blackb eard and holding the I ndians in check on
,

the frontiers H e was supers ede d a s Gov ernor in 1 7 2 2

.

but continued to live in Virginia and foun ded G er ,

manna where he carri ed on extensive iron works and cul

,

t iv at ed vines I n 1 7 3 0 he was appointe d deputy

.

postmaster for t he Colonies Commi ssioned maj or .

general in 1 7 4 0 he was engaged in collecting forc e s

,
1 94 H IS T O RY OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

for the expedition against Carthagena dying at A nna ,

p o lis in that year S everal of his lin eal descendants .

still re sid e in O range and so me of the products of his ,

iron works a re still pre served in the family notably ,

some fire backs with the family crest on them There .

are portraits of the Governor of L ady S potswood and , ,

o f her broth e r General Elliott in t h e S tate Library

, , ,

imputed to Re ynolds and S ir Peter Lely but this claim ,

has no t been sub s tantiated S ee

“
D ictionary of .

”
N ational Biography ( English ) and the chapter i nfra ,

“ ”
Progre ss to the M ines .

S U M P TE R G E N T HO M AS Born in O range 1 7 3 4 ; di ed
, . .
,

in S outh Carolina 1 8 3 2 ; was probably at Braddock s ’

D efeat and was known like Gen Francis M arion

, , .
,

as the S wamp F ox of the Revolution ; was M em

ber o f Congre s s and U nite d S tates S enator from S outh
Caro lina ; M inister of U nited S tate s to Brazil .

(V I I Va H ist M ag
. . . .

TA LI A F E RR O JA M E S P IP E R S on of D r Edmund
, . .

P Taliaferro was born at O range Courthou s e S ep

.
, ,

tember 3 0 1 8 4 7 ; was educated at William D inwi d

,

die s cla s sical school at Greenwood in Alb emarle

’

leaving school in 1 8 64 to enter the Confed erate army ,

where he serve d to the end of th e war S oon after the .

war h e e ngage d in bu sine s s at J acks onville F lorida , ,

and was elected to the U nited S tate s S e nate from that

S tate in 1 8 99 and re electe d in 1 90 5 as a demo crat
,
-
, .

TA Y L O R J O HN of Caroline
,
N early all t h e Ency
,
.

c lo p aedias allege that this emin e nt s tat e sman was born

in O range Thi s statement is afte r most careful inqui ry

.
, ,
 B I OG R A P HI C A L SK E T C HE S 1 95

a scertaine d t obe an error Th e Taylor fam ily o f O range .

was a distinguish e d one fro m t he b eginn ing which prob ,

ably gav e rise to the statement A letter from his .

grand daughter M rs H ubard confirmed by his great

, .
,

grandson M r H enry T Wickham s eems to establi sh

, . .
,

“ ”
the fact that his birthplace was M ill F arm in Caro
lin e ; so O range will have to re sign this distinction .

TA Y L
ZAC HA R Y Twelf th Pre sident o f the U nited
O R, .

S tate s ; was born in O range N ovember 2 4 1 7 8 4 ; so n , ,

of Lieut Col Richard Taylor an officer of the Revo

.
-
.
,

1u t io n and one of the firs t settlers Of L ouisville K en ,

tucky where Z achary wa s taken in early childhood and

,

grew up to his twe nty fo urth year working on a planta -

,

tion with only the simplest rudiments o f an e ducatio n

, .

H is elder broth er a lieutenant in t h e regular army di ed in

, ,

1 8 0 8 and he was app o inted to the vacancy ; prom o ted

,

captain in 1 8 1 0 In 1 8 1 2 with fifty men two thirds

.
, ,
-

of them ill with fever he defended F ort H arrison on , ,

t h e Waba sh against a larg e forc e of I ndian s led by the

, ,

famous Te cums eh Promoted maj o r fo r gallantry h e .

,

was employe d during t he war of 1 8 1 2 in fighting t he

I ndian allies of Great Britain I n 1 8 3 2 he served as .

colon e l in the Black H awk War and in 1 8 3 6 he gained ,

an important victory over t h e S emin o le I ndian s at

Ok ech o b ee and was made a brigadie r and c o mmander
,

of t h e U nite d S tates forces in F lorida I n 1 8 4 6 he .

defe ated Ge neral A rista at Palo A lt o with a force of ,

again st and a few days afte r this battle , ,

drove him across t he Rio Grande at Re saca de la Pa lrna ;

S epte mber 9 being ne w a maj o r general wi th
, 5 men
-
,
1 96 HI S TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

he attacked M onterey defended by regular

,

tro ops and after t en days siege and three of hard fi gh

,
’

ting the C ity capitulated General S cott advancing

, .
,

on t he city of M exico withdrew a portion of Taylor s

,
’

troops leaving him only 500 re gulars and

,
v o lu n

tiers to m ee t an army of commande d by Presi

dent S anta Anna Taking a strong position at Buena
.

Vista he fo ught a desperate battle and won a signal

victory This victory against e normous O dds created
.
, ,

gre at enthusiasm and Gen eral Taylor popularly called ,

“ ”
O ld R ough and Ready was nomin ate d for the pre si ,

deney over H enry Clay D anie l We bster and G en , .

Winfield S cott and was tri umphantly e lected over

,

Lewi s Cass the D emocratic nomin e e and M artin Van

, ,

Buren and Charles F rancis Adams F ree S o il candidates , .

Worn down by the unaccustome d turmoil of politics ,

th e good nature d old soldier did not long e nj o y his

-

honors H e died of bilious colic within les s than five

.

(Cham b ers s Ency

’
months after his inaugu ratio n .

c lo p aedia )

I n 1 8 4 8 the General A ssembly of Virginia vote d him

“
a sword wi th the in scription : Pre se nted by Virgi nia ,

to her distinguish e d s o n M aj or G en Z achary Taylor ,

-
.
,

for his gallantry and co nduct at Palo A lto Re saca de ,

la Palrna M onterey and Buena Vista

,
H e wa s also
present ed as the chief hero of the M exican war with t h e
, ,

splendid silk sa sh o n which the body o f General Brad

dock was borne from the field of his defeat ; which ,
’
stained with Braddock s blood is sti ll the pro p erty ,

of his granddaughter who was lately li ving in Winch e s

,

ter Virginia
, .
 B I OG R A P HI C A L S KE T C HE S 1 97

WADD E L JA M E S Born 1 7 3 9 eith er in I reland or

, .
,

else on the Atlantic while his parent s were en route

to this Country I t is not kn own that he ev er re sid e d
.

in O range but his name is in delibly associated with

,

that of the County by reason of William Wirt s ce le ’

“ ”
b rat ed apotheosis of him in the Briti s h S py which ,

follows H e built t h e church known as Belle Grov e

.
,

of which there is a picture and description h erein .

”
His home was H o pewell the re sidence of the lat e
“
,

M r Clay Baker on t h e Charlottesv ille road n ear t h e

.
, ,

corn er of O range with Lo uisa and A lbemarle H e was .

buri e d at H opewell and an impo sing but unpretentious

,

marble shaft marked his grav e Th e Wadd e ll Mem

“
.

”
orial Church n ear R apidan was named for him and ,

permission was got fro m his heirs t o remove his remains

thither M r Baker superinte nd ed t h e e xhumation
. . .

H e told me that after having dug very deep in t h e

grave no S ign even of a coffin could be found Aft er
, , , .

the clo sest scrutiny somethin g that looked like the

dust of d e cayed wood was discov ered and then a few ,

nails nearly consum ed by rust and a button A spad eful

, , .

of dust was taken out of the grave along with the nails
and butto n and rev erently deposited in the chu rch
,

yard He had been b uried about seventy fi v e years

.
-
.

M r M adi so n s remains after twenty years interm ent

.
’

,
’

showed little S ign o f dissolution ( S ee th e paragraph .

ab o ut his tomb ) .

The fo llowing extract from M r Wirt s writings has .

’

long been co nsidere d a ma ste rpiece of rh etoric and it ,

o ught to b e r e ad marked learned and inwardly dig e s t e d

, ,

by every C itizen of O range ; and though it has been

1 98 HI S TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

often publi shed in sundry book s ,

no hi story of the
County ought to omit it .

It w as day a I tra lle d thr u gh t h c un ty o f O range

o ne S un , s ve o e o ,

that m y e ye w a cau ght by a cl us ter o f ho rs s tie d n ar a ruino us

s e e

o ld w o o d en h o us in t h f r t n t f r fro m t he ro ad id
e H a in g e o es o a s e v

fr qu en tly s e n su ch o bj ct b fo re i n tra elling throu gh th s e

.
,

e e e s e ,
v e

S tat es I had n o di ffic u lty i n u nd er tan din g that this w as a plac

,
f s e o

r ligi o u
e w o r hip s s .

D ev o ti n al n houl d ha e t ppe d m e t o j in i n t h d u ti s o f
o o e s v s o ,
o e e

t h e c o ngr gati n ; b u t I m us t c o n fe s that c uri ity t

e o h ar t h s os o e e

p re ach r f s u ch a wild rn w as n t t he le as t f m y m ti s O n
e o e es s o o o ve .

en t r i n g I w s s tru ck with hi s p r ternat u ral app a ran c

e ,
a H w s e e e . e a

a tall nd ry pa re ld m n His h ad which w s co re d with

a ve s ,
O a . e ,
a ve

a w hi te cap hi s sh ri e lle d hands and hi oi c w er all haking und r

,
v , s v e, e s e

t h in fl u n c
e f a pal y ; an d a few m m en t s as c rtain d t o m that
e e o s o e e e

h w as p rf ctly blin d
e e e .

Th fi r t m ti n which t o u ch d m y b r as t w r th ose o f m in
e s e o o s e e e e

gl d pity and v n ration B ut ah ! s acre d G o d ! h w o n w re ll

e e e . o s o e a

m y fe lin gs chan g d ! T h lip s f Plat w r n

e r m r w o rthy o f
e e o o e e eve o e

a p r gno tic warm f b es than w r t h lip s o f thi s holy m n !

o s s o e e e e a

It w a day f t h adm ini tra t io n f t h e s acram ent ; and his s u b

as o e s o

jc t f c ur w as t he pas sion o f o ur S avi r I had h eard t h e u b

e ,
o o se , o . s

j c t han dl d a th us an d ti m s
e e I had th u gh t it xha u s te d l n g
o e o e o

Littl did I upp that in t h wild w o o ds o f A m rica I w as

.

a go e s os e e e

l qu n c w o u ld gi t thi t pic a new

.

t m ee t with a m an who
o se e o e e ve o s o

a nd m r u blim path s than I had e r b f re witn ed

o e s e o ve e o ess .

A s h d es c n d d from t h p u lpit t di tri b u t e t h m y s tic y m b l s

e e e e o s e s o ,

ther w a a p cul iar a m o r than h um an s o l m nity in his ir nd

e s e ,
e e a a

m ann er which m ad e m y bl oo d run c ld n d m y wh l fram hi r

,
o ,
a o e e s ve .

He th n d r w a pictu r f t h uff erings o f o u r S av i r; h i trial

e e e o e s o s

b f re Pilat ; hi s as c nt u p Cal ary ; hi c ru cifixi n and h is d ath

e o e e v s o ,
e .

I k n w t h wh o l e h i s t ry ; b u t n
e e r un til t h n h d I h a rd t h e o eve ,
e ,
a e

ci rcum tan c s el ct d s o a rra n g d s

s c o l or d ! It w s ll n w
es s o e e ,
e ,
o e a a e ,

an d I m d t ha e h a rd it fo r t h e fi rs t tim e in m y life
s ee e o v Hi s e .

e n un ciati n w as o d lib rate that hi s v o ice t rem bl e d o n e e ry yl

o s e e v s

labl and e ry h art in t h a m bly tr m bl d in u ni o n His p u

e, ev e e ss e e e s . eo

liar p hra s had th at fo rc f d s c ription th at t h e rigi nal s cene

se e o e ,
o

app e ar d t b at that m om n t acting b f r o u r y s W s w

e o e, e ,
e o e e e . e a

t he ry fac s o f t h J w s : t h e ta ri ng fr
ve e i ghtful dis t o rti o ns o f m l
e e s ,
a

ic e an d rage We s aw t h b uff t ; m y o ul kindl d with a fl am e f

. e e s e o
 B I OG R A P HI C A L SK E T C HE S 1 99

indignati n nd m y hands w ere in olun tarily n d c nv u lsi ely

o ,
a v a o v

cl n ch d B u t when h cam e t o t ou ch o n t h pati nc t h for

e e . e e e e, e

gi i n g m k ness f o u r S av i r; wh n h d r w t t h lif hi bless d

v ee o o e e e o e e, s e

ey s tr am ing in t ars t h a n ; hi ic br athi ng t G o d a s o ft

e s e e o e ve s vo e e o

an d g n tl e p ray r f pa rd o n o n hi s n m i
e F ath r f rgi v e th m
e o e e es ,
“
e ,
o e ,

f r th y kn ow n t what th y d o — t h
o e o ic o f t h e p r ach r w hich
o e e v e e e ,

had all al ng falter d gr w faint r nd fain t r un til hi s u tt ran ce

o e e e a e ,
e

b ing n tir ly Ob tru cte d by t h f rc f hi s f ling h rai d his

e e e s e o e o ee s, e se

han dk rchi e f t hi s e y
e n d b ur t i n t a l u d n d i rrep r ibl
o es a s o o a es s e

fl o d o f gri f
o Th e ff ct i s in c n c i abl e . Th wh l h us e e o e v e . e o e o e

r o un d d with t h m ingl d gr an
es e nd b nd hri ks f t h c on
e e o s, a so s, a s e o e

gre g a t i o n .

It w a s s o m e tim e b fore t h tu m u lt had s u b sid d far s t p r e e e so a o e

mi t hi m t o p r c d In d d j u dgin g by t h u u al b u t fallaci o u
o ee . ee ,
e s ,
s

s tandard f m y w n w e ak n ss I b gan t b
o ry u n a s y f r t h
o e ,
e o e ve e o e

s itu ation f t he p re ach r F or I c ul d no t con cei h ow h e w o uld

o e . o ve

b abl t l t h i a u di n ce d w n fro m t h h ight t o w hi ch h h ad

e e o e s e o e e e

w un d th m with u t im pairing t h s lem nity and dignity o f h is

o e ,
o e o

s u bj ct e r p rhap ,
h cking th m by t h abru ptn o f t h e fall
o e s s o e e es s .

B u t n o ; t h d s c n t w a as b e au tiful an d u blim as t h
e e e le ati n s s e e e v o

had b n rapid and nthus ias tic

ee e .

Th fi rs t e n t n c with w hich h se bro k t h e awful il n c w a a

e e e e s e e s

q u tation fr m R o u e au S crat s di d lik a phil p h r b u t

o o ss ,
“
o e e e oso e ,

”
J u Chri t lik e a G o d !
es s s

I d pai r f gi in g yo u an y i de a o f t h e ff ct p r d u c d by this
es o v e e o e

s h o rt s n t n c un l
e s yo u c o u ld pe rf ctly c on c i
e e, t h e wh o l m n
es e e ve e a

n er f t h m n as w ll a t h p c ulia r c ris i i n t h di c o u rs
o e a ,
N r
e s e e s e s e . ev e

b for did I c m pl t ly und r tan d what D m o thenes m e an t by

e e o e e e s e s

layi ng s u ch s tr s on d li ry Y u r t o bring b f r yo u th ees e ve . o a e e o e

ve n erab l figur f t h p r ach r; h is blin d ne

e co n tan tly r callin g
e o e e e ss s e

t y o ur re c o ll cti on ld H om e r O ia n an d M ilt o n
o e
n d a ss ciatin g
o ,
ss , ,
a o

with hi s p erform an c t h m elan ch ly grand eur f th ir genius es e e o o e .

Y o u re t o im agin th at y u h e ar hi
a l w l m n w ell acc nte d
e o s s o ,
so e ,
-
e

e nun ciati n an d hi ic f aff ctin g tr m bli ng m elo dy; y u are

o , s vo e o e ,
e o

t r m em b e r t h e pitc h f pa s i n n d n th u ia m t o which t h c o n
o e o s o a e s s e

gr g t i n w r rai d ;
e a o n d th n t h e ef w m inu t of p ort n to u
se a e e e es e s,

d athlik il nc which r igne d thro u gh o u t t h e h u e ; t h p re ache r

e e s e e e o s e

r m e in g h i white handk rchi f from his ag d face (e n yet w t

ov s e e e ,
ve e

f rom t h r c n t to rr n t f h is t ars ) an d s low ly s tretching f rth t h e

e e e e o e , o

pals i d hand which ho lds it b gi n t h e nt nc

e S o crat es di ed , e s se e e,
“

lik e a p hi l s o ph r; th n paus ing rai ing hi s o th r h and p ress ing

o e e ,
s e ,
2 00 HIS TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

th m bo th clas p d to g ther with wa rm th nd nergy t o his br as t

e e e a e e ,
”
liftin g hi s s ightl ss ball s t o h a e n an d p u rin g h i s wh o l s u l
“
e e v ,
o e o

in t h is tr m u l u s v ic b u t J s us Chri s t lik a G d ! If h had

o e o o e
“
e e o e

be n ind e d nd in tru th an ang l o f light t he ff ct c u ld s carc ly

e e a e ,
e e o e

ha b en m o r di vine
ve e e .

W ILLI A M S L E WI S B U RW E LL The youngest son of Wil

, .

liam Clayton and Alice Burwell Williams was born in ,

the city of F red ericksburg Virginia on J anuary 2 7 , , ,

1 80 2 . H is parents mov e d to the city o f R ichmond

wh en h e wa s six years old .

M r Williams att end e d school in Richmond and at

.

the a ge of fourt een e ntered Princeton ; he studied law

and b egan the practice of his profession in Culp eper .

I n 1 8 2 5 he removed to O range where he practiced his ,

profession un til his death in 1 8 8 0 H e represented his .

county in the Virgin ia L egislature in 1 8 3 3 I n 1 8 3 1 .

he was appointed attorney for the Commonwealth ,

which o ffice he filled by successive appointment and

election until his death in 1 8 8 0 a period of forty nine ,
-

years .

O ppo sed to sec e ssion h e was a candidate for t h e ,

Convention of 1 8 6 1 and was defe ated by J eremiah ,

M orton a pronou nced s e ce s sionist

, .

A fter his S tate seceded he became an ardent sup

porter o f the S outh ern cause his four s ons entering ,

the army .

He was a devoted member o f S t Thomas Episcopal .

Church F or many years h e was its s enior warden

.

and fre quently re pre sented his church in the D iocesan

coun cils .

W O O L F O L K J O HN Born ,
died 1 8 58 represente d
.

the coun ty in t h e Re fo rm Co nve ntion of 1 8 50 5 1 and was

 B I OG R A P HI C A L SK E T C HE S 2 01

greatly belove d by all his contemporarie s as the follow ,

ing resolutions ente red of record in the o rd e r bo o k of

,

J anuary 1 8 58 on the motion of Lewis B Williams

, , .
,

abundantly prov e :
That in hi s d ath t he p o pl o f t h C un ty o f O range ha l s t
e ,
e e e o ,
ve o

a fri nd w h in t h ari d r lations f r p r n tati e lawy r nd

e ,
o e v e e o e es e v ,
e ,
a

citizen w s abl h n s t nd faithfu l bra g n rou s and di inte r

a e, o e a ,
ve, e e s

es t d wit h tal n t s o f t h
e ,
high s t o rd er an d n i n t grity o f p urp o e
e e e ,
a e s

an d acti n w hich w ne r u bj e ct d t s u s pici on he has l e ft

o ,
as ve s e o ,

b hin d him t he m m o ry w hich will b

e ch ris h d by hi s c un ty
e e e e o

m en o f m inen t ability enlighte n d patri o ti s m an d in co rru ptible

,
e , e

vi rt u e .
 C HA P TER XXIII .

Hi st o r i c an d O ther Ho m e s .
*

B A RB O U R S E VILL
N ear the village of the same .

name The illustration is t h e le ast pleasing of all

.
,

failing as it does to reproduce the fine proportions of ,

t h e handsome old mansion The water color from .

which it was taken was painted in the long ago and ,

before the fine b o x hedges which have co nstituted a ,

striking feature of the lawn for many years had attain ,

ed any S ize .

The house was built by Governor Barbour about ,

1 82 2 . The exterior was not un like F rascati ; the

interior was far and away the handsomest in the
County and probably in Virgin ia F rom a massive .

pediment portico the entrance was into a spacious

h exagonal salon having a dome ceiling and an elevation ,

to the roof ; adj oining this was the drawing room an -

,

octagon of like stately proportions and more ornately

finished which opened on another handsome portico
, .

O n the same floor was the state dining room with -

n early as lofty a pitch .

This house which M r J e ff erson helped to plan and

, .
,

which w a s t he abode of refined hospitality during the

Go vernor s time and that o f his son M r J ohnson Bar
’
.
,

bour was burn e d down Christmas D ay 1 8 8 4 The

, , .

wa lls and the co lumns of the porticos are yet stand

* T h i ll u t r t i n wit h ry f w
a x
o pt i n ft r ph t gr ph t k n by
s a re , ve e e ce o s. a e o o a s a e

i hm d
e s

Mr Coo. k , of R c on , in 1907 .
 HI S T O R I C A ND OTH E R HO M E S 2 0
3

ing mantled now by a luxuriant growth of English

,

ivy and other vines .

R emembering many happy days there I pay t he ,

ruins the pas sing tribute of a tear .

B U R LIN G T O N Burli ngto n pro per is a handsome

.
, ,

home built by J ame s Barbour N ewman about a mile ,

ea s t of Barb o ursville The illustration represent s a

.

h o use in t he back yard historic because J o h n Ran

,

dolph of R oanoke lived there while at school in O range .

I n colonial time s t he place was own ed by t he Burn

leys who are buried there one of whom was a Burge s s
, , ,

and an o ffi cer in the R evolution .

CA M E RO N L O D G E N ear Gordonsville ; the s e at of

.

Col A lexander Cameron on the cre s t of the S outh

.
,

we s t M ountains H ere is a tower where all the charms

.

of an exte nded and beautiful landscape may be s e en .

To the right the Blue Run and R apidan valleys wi th

, ,

a background of the Blue R idge ; in front the u ndu la

tions of the S outhwest range ; on t he left the to wn ,

at t h e base of t he mountain and far as the eye can

reach the wood e d plain extending to R ichmo nd and
beyo nd .

The illustration shows the house ; it does not Show

the handsome approach to it nor the ornamental ,

hedges which lin e the way nor the fields wh ere ,

J erse ys and S outhdowns are cropping the green herbage .

CA M P B E LL T O N N ear Barboursville ; was t he h o me

.

o f Captain Willi am Campbell of the R evolution and ,

subsequently a maj or in the U nited S tates army H ere .

G e n Winfield S cott was a frequent visitor

. .
2 04 HI S TO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

C HU RC H B LIN D P R E A C HE R This stood

OF T HE .

near G o rdo nsville a nd was known as Belle Grov e

,

church The illu stration is fro m an old print in H owe s

.
’

H i sto ry of Virginia publi shed in 1 8 4 5 M r H unt in

, . .
,

his Life of M adison narrates that t h e latter s m o ther

,
’

was a frequent attendant there and a great admirer

of M r Wadd e l (S ee sketch of Waddel and th e chapter
. .
,

on Colonial church e s ) .

C LI F T O N N ear M adison Ru n ; said to be the oldest

.

framed house erected in the County th o ugh ,

“ ”
Bloomsbury c o ntests that distinction and it is pro b ,

able that Governor S potswoo d s re sidence at G ermanna ’

antedated both There is no thing n o table about t h e

.

h o use but its age and the fact that it was built of pit
,

sawn lumber with ha nd wrought nails and that so me

,
-
,

o f the window pan e s said to b e t h e first in the Co u n ty

-
, ,

almo st prove th e ir antiquity by th eir gree ni sh tint and

un even surfac e s I t was built about 1 7 2 9 by J ohn
.

S cott who s e son was a memb er of the Co mmittee o f

,

S afe ty captain of a company of M inute Men in t h e

,

R evoluti o n and who se re cord is sufficiently disclosed in

the gen eral narrative .

The oldest to mbsto ne standing in t he Coun ty is in

the graveyard h ere— J an e wife o f J ohn S cott b o rn ,

1 69 9 died
,

F RA S C AT I N ear S omers et ; was built some time

.

before 1 8 3 0 for Judge Philip Pendleton Barbour t h e ,

workmen b eing of tho s e who had bee n engaged in

building t h e U niversity U ntil long since the war .
,
 HI S T O R I C A ND OTH E R HO M E S 2 05

there was a s e rpentine brick wall around the garden ,

ide ntical wi th thos e ne w at the U niversity and at

Barboursville hou s e S ince J udge Barbour s d eath
.
’

there have been many own ers Co l J ames M agruder .

owned it for s ome years prior t o t h e war and ,

there the gallant M agruder boys whose histo ry is ,

sketch ed in anoth er chapter were reare d There have , .

been some alteratio ns in th e interior and d o rmer win ,

dows have b ee n set in the ro o f in recent years The .

house as the illustration shows is very imposing in

, ,

appearance I t is constructed of such excellent mate

.

rial and with such fi n e workmanship that it is said the

floors will hold water like a bucket .

I t is now owned by M r A D I rving J r a n e ar . . .

, .
,

relative of Washington I rving one of the m o st famous

of American authors whos e writin gs are ch erished
in every land where the English language is known .

HA WF IE L D . About
midway betwee n O range and
Racco o n F ord I t was bought in 1 8 4 7 by M r J ona
. .

than Graves for his only daughter F anny Elizabeth , ,

the wife of William G Cren shaw and S ince that time

.
,

has continued in t h e Cren shaw family Th e original .

house built b efore 1 7 90 was enlarged in 1 8 8 1 to its

, ,

present hand some pro portions by Captain William

G Crenshaw with the least possible change o f the o ld
.
,

mansion I t adorns a beautiful estate of more than

.

three thou s and acre s which co n s titute an obj e ct lesson

,

in inte lligent farming A po rtion of t he tract once

.

belonged to the Conway family of R evolutionary ,

memory .
2 06 HI S TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

L O C U S T LAWN O n the M arqui s s road in Pamun key ;

.
’

was a tavern during the Revolution Ne w owned by .

M rs M argaret Pannill widow of D r D avid Pannill

.
, .
,

and her sisters .

MAD I S O N S T O M B This monolith was erected

’
.

about 1 8 56 by private subscriptions mostly by admir ,

ers of M adison outside the Co un ty The date of birth

is an error as explained in t he sketch of M adison i nfra
, , .

The smaller tombstone in the illustration is that o f

M rs M adison and curious to say M aude Wilder Good
.
, ,

”
wi n in her Life of D olly M adison
“
,
complains of a ,

wrong inscription on her tombstone also S he died .

J uly 1 2 not J uly 8 as the inscription reads and she

, , ,
”
signed her name D olly not D olley to her will
“ “
, , ,

which was dated on the 9th She was buried first in .

Washington D C in 1 8 4 9 and her remains were no t

, . .
, ,

brought to M ontpe lier until about 1 8 58 A s her own .

neph ew not M adison s e re cte d the tombstone t h e

,
’

, ,

error must b e impute d to him .

The inscription on M adison s tomb is : ’

M AD ISON
B O RN M A R C H 1 6 ,
17 51 .

D EDI JU N E 2 8, 1 836 .

I have been told that whe n the stone was e rected it

was necessary to take up his remains in order to get a
s afe foundation The coffin was opened and exc ept
.
, ,

that one ch e ek was a little sunken his appearance ,

was the same as in life ; but disintegration began imme

diat ely and the co ffin had t o be closed
,
H e had been .

buried about twenty years .

T O MB OF A SO N
M DI Pag e 206
 HIS TO R I C A ND O TH E R HOME S 2 0 7

MA YHU RS T N ear O range Courthouse ; the resi

.

dence of M r William G Crenshaw J r This farm

. .
, .

was embraced in t h e Baylo r grant and t h e moun tain ,

near b y is still kn o wn as Baylor s M oun tain The ’

.

first residence was that o f M r H oward wh o married a .

M iss Taylor of Orange Col J ohn Willis bought the

, . .

farm about 1 8 59 and built the handsome residence

,

shown in th e illustration Gen A P H ill s head quar

. . . .
’

—
ters were in th e yard in the winter of 1 8 63 64 and ,

one of his daughters was christened in the house .

M r Cre n shaw h as furni shed his cou nt ymen with

.

an obj ect lesson in road building by con s tructing a

mo del macadamized road from Ma yhu rst to the county
road .

M O N T E B E LL O N ear Gordonsville H ere was born

. .

Z achary Taylor t hou gh a t a b let has been ere cted to mark

,
”
another spot as his birthplace Hare F ore s t about mid
“
, ,

way between O range and R apidan and n e ar the So uth ern

Railway ; a mere thick et now I t can not be gainsaid that .

there is some ground for the claim for t h e latter place ,

but the evidence collected many years ago s e ems con

, ,

e lusive as to M ontebello I was s o inform e d nearly forty

.

years since by M r Benj amin J ohnson who s e ancestor

.
,

owned t h e place and lived there when Taylo r was born ;

by M r Jo hnson Barbour whose pare nts were kins
.
, ,

people and cont emporarie s of the Taylors and who had ,

often so informed him ; by Col J o hn Willis who said he .

,
”
had often heard U ncle H oward an o ther co ntempo
“
,

rary who marrie d a n ear kinswo man of the General

, ,

say so ; and finally M aj o r Erasmus Taylor who died ,

2 08 H IS TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

rece ntly said to me that there was no doubt as to the

,

fact The d e ed books do not Show that Col R ichard

. .

“ ”
Taylo r his fath er ever lived at H are F orest and his
, , ,

name does no t appear in the census of 1 7 8 2 though he ,

may th en have b een with the army The evidence all .

,

of which is traditional s eems ov e rwh elmingly in favor ,

of M onte bello The house has be e n much mod

.

e rniz ed M r Benj amin J ohn son the pro prietor gave

. .
, ,

me this tradition certain ly as long ago as 1 8 7 5 The .

Taylor family he said started to re mov e to the West

, ,

in road wagons The J ohnsons were th eir kinspeople

.
,
’
and their house was the goal of t h e first day s j ourn e y .

O ne of the company became very ill du ring the night and

this illn e ss occasion e d a delay of six we eks D uring .

“
that time Z achary Taylor was born That is the tale .

”
as told to me nearly forty years ago
, .

M O N T P E LI E R A bout four miles from O range Court

.

house The first dwelling house stood not far fro m the
.

c emetery in the direction of the pre s ent mansion

, .

N e arly five th o usand acres were patented by A mbrose

M adison and Thomas Ch ew in 1 7 2 3 .

Col J ohn Willis a gre a t n e phew of J ame s J r was

.
,
-
, .
,

told by him that the nucleus of t he pre sent structure

was buil t when he was a mere lad capable of carrying ,

in his hands some of the lighter furniture from the old

h o use to the new : which wou ld fi x the date at about 1 7 60 .

I t was a plain rectangular structure with a hall running ,

through the centre having two rooms on each side It s .

identity has been so merged in the grander h o us e that

it can not now be diff erentiated from it The chief .

enlargements were made in 1 8 0 9 after designs by Wil ,

 HI S T O R I C A ND O TH E R HO M E S 2 09

liam Thornton architect of the Capito l at Washington ;

,

and Latrob e lent his a ssi s tance in further impro ve

“
me nts which included t h e addition of t h e wi ngs
,
The .

result was simpli city but s ymmetry of proportion and

,

faultlessn ess o f ta s te The ground s are a s hand

some a s t he buildings and the prospe ct very command
,

ing an un broken stretch o f ninety miles of the Blue

-

Ridge which constitutes an almo st p erfe ct cre s c ent

, .

Arlington is the only place in Virginia that can com

pare with it in the beauty of its imm ediat e surroun d
ings .

The pre s ent owner William du Pont Esq has added

, , .
,

another s tory to t h e wings but the addition was so ,

artistically mad e that it is impossible to te ll where

the old work end ed and the new b egan .

The b e autifully terraced garden laid out in th e form

of a horsesho e was M adi son s own plan S ubs e quent ’
.

owners sadly neglect e d it to say t h e lea st This M r , . .

du Pont has not only re st o re d but has also converted ,

into a flower gard en exclusiv e ly which for richn e ss and ,

variety of co lo r and foliage is not surpassed if equalled , ,

by t h e horticultural gard ens at Wa shin gt o n ; and he

has also d e corated it with pleasing statuary The .

ice hous e which is surmounted by an ornam ental

,

colonnade w a s dug in 1 8 0 9 and is b e lieved to have

, ,

been t h e first attempt at keeping ice made in the

Piedmont s e ction .

M O U N T S HARO N N ear N ason s ; the residence of

.
’

M r C C Taliaferro t o whom the plantation has d e s

. . .
,

c ended in a direct line fro m a Crown grant Th e illus .

2 10 H I S TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

shows the stately and graceful proportions of

t ra t io n
the man sion There is a greate r variety of prospect
.

from it than from any other point known t o me in t h e

Co unty There are perhaps more picture sque views
.

of the Blue Ridge at other point s but fo r maj e s tic and ,

rugged outlines there are non e to compare with the

outlook from M t Sharo n ; and t h e varied landscape of.

Clarke s M ountain adds another charm to t he prospect

’
.

OA K HILL Two mile s northe a s t of Gordo nsville

.
,

was the home of F rancis Cowherd o f Point Pleasant ,

fame who wa s a captain in the R ev o lutio n Pre s e nt

, .

owners his descendants of the same name

, .

P L
A S AN T V I E W I n t he lower part of the County
E .
,

not far fro m the S potsylvania line I t was built for .

M r J onathan Graves about 1 8 3 0 and is now owned

.
,

by M r W G Crenshaw J r his grandson I t was long

. . .
, .
, .

the residence of Capt R Perrin Grav e s . . .

RO C K L AN D S
N ear Gordonsville The first re si
. .

dence on this plantation was built for M r Edmund .

H enshaw near the middle o f the la st century He

, .

soon sold to M r Richard Bart o n Haxall wh o gave .

,

“
it the name R ocklands and greatly e nlarged and ,

improved b o th the house and farm The pre sent owner .

,

M r Thomas A tkinson had ab o ut completed many

.
,

improvements of th e man sion when it was burned

down in 1 90 5 .

The present mansion is one of the handsomest houses

in the County and as the illustration shows is in the
, , ,

“ ”
colonial style of architecture The outlo o k from .
 HI S T O R I C A ND O TH E R HO M E S 2 11

t he front portico is pleasing near and far ; b eautiful ,

green sward orname nta l h edge s an artificial water

, ,

view and undulating field s constitute t h e n e arer land

s cape ; t o t h e le ft t h e high e s t re ach e s of t h e S outhwe st

M ountains in full vi ew and in front t h e inspiring hori ,

zon of the Blue R idge— a mo ral and a mental to nic t o

any lover of nature .

Well did S ir Walter say that if h e could not see the

S cotch heather onc e a ye ar he wo uld d ie S o fee l tho s e .

who se occasional vi ew o f t he Blu e R idge has

beco me almo st a nece s sary part of th eir enj o yment of
life.

R O S E H ILL N e ar R apidan ; the ho me of L aw

.

“
rence Taliaferro firs t co lo n el of t h e Culp eper M inute
,

M en wh o se grav e there is in a sad state of n egle ct and

,

almo st if no t quite unknown Th e fi ne mansi o n built .

,

by M r L ewi s Cren shaw a nd e nlarge d by M r Bre se e is

. .
,

not the s imple s t o ry and a half c o lo nial structure with

- - -

dormer windo ws and with o ut a porch in which Co l .

Taliaferro liv e d ; but the plac e is hi storic as having ,

b ee n his home .

S O L D I E R S R E S T N ear R acco on F o rd ; no t K elly s

’
.
’

F ord (which is o n t h e Rap p ahannock ) a s s tat ed in ,

the gen ealogy of th e Bruce family in t h e Virgi nia Hi s

t ori ca l M agazi ne Vol II 3 2 8 I t w a s built pri o r to
, . . .

t h e R evoluti o n by Charle s Bruce a captain in that ,

war and was later t h e re sidence of his s o n in law

,
- -
,

J ames Williams captain in t h e R evolution and maj or

,

general in the war of 1 8 1 2 ; and then of D r Ge o rg e .

M orton who marri ed General William s s daughter

,
’
.
2 12 HISTO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

place is now owned by J udge J ames W M ort o n

Th e .
,

of O range Th e house as reproduced herein from a

.
,

cut in the above named ma gazine was burned down ,

in 1 8 5 7 .

S O M E RS E T N ear the railroad station named for

.

it Probably no house in the co unty occupi es such

.

a co mmanding site as this blending in o ne pro sp e ct ,

the wat er view o f the R apidan and Blue Ru n t h e latter ,

stream running quite through the plantatio n a nd ,

both range s of moun tains in all their convolutions .

The mansion was ere cted in 1 8 03 for M r Thomas .

M aco n who marri ed a S ister of President M adison

, .

S hortly after its completion there came an unpreced ent

ed Windstorm which lif ted the massive roof and slightly
“ ”
changed it s po sition The same storm struck Tetle y
.
,

n ear th e mouth of Blue R un and left not a fragment ,

of a barn nearly completed but swept every pi ece of ,

timb er acros s the river in to M adison S uch is t h e tra .

“ ”
dition a s narrated to me by the e lders
, .

This plantation one of th e fin e st in the County h a s

, ,

long been own ed by the Goss family and t h e beauty of ,

the surroundings of the mansio n is wholly due to the

taste and e nergy o f M rs A nn Go ss the mo ther of the
.
,

pre s ent own ers .

W O O D L E Y N ear M adi s o n Run ; the c o lo nial part

.

built by A mbro se M adison bro ther of J ames J r who

, , .
,

was a captain in the R evolution Th e commo dious . .

wings were added by his daughter M rs N e lly Willis , .

,

and it is no w a handsome home own e d b y M r W W , . . .

 HI S T O R I C A ND OTH E R HO M E S 2 1
3

S anford who has greatly improved thi s naturally

,
fi ne
e stat e .

WO O D P A R K N ear R apidan T he first building

. .

was erecte d by M r Baldwin Taliaferro son o f Col .

, .

“ ”
Lawrence Taliaferro o f Rose H ill o f which estate ,

this was a part .

This is a composite building of many archite cts ,

but to C01 George Willis the grandfather of t he pre sent

.
,

o wner D r M urat Willis belongs t h e cre dit of its e mbel

, .
,

li shm ent t he drawing room e sp e cially being of very

,
-

fi ne p o rp o rt io ns and notably handsome I t i s a d e light

, .

ful and charming old country home in one of t h e most

fertile and beautiful s e ctions of t h e County .

O T HE R H I S T O R I C H O U S E S Beginning at the upper .

end of t h e Co unty and not including hous e s specially

,

mentioned t he followi ng ought to b e nam ed ; and doubt

,

less oth ers also about which the writer is not informed
,

H e does not purposely omit any that are e ntitled to

, ,

mention but name s all that he has knowledge of eith er

, ,

p ersonally or on the information of friends H e was .

promised information that has not b e en furnish ed and ,

the book must come to an end without furth er waiting :

The residence o f the Barbours at Gordonsville w a s
a famous hoste lry and relay house in the s tagec o ach
days being on t he main line t o Philadelphia and New
,

York the former F ederal capitals where the state smen

, ,

of that day sto pped going and coming S o me ap o cry

,
.

phal stories of J ohn R ando lph H enry Clay and others ,

are still told in connection with this house From its .

porch LaFayet t e addressed an e nthu sia s tic assemblage

2 14 HI S T O R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

of citiz e ns from O range and t h e s urrounding countie s ,

who came t o bid him welc o m e on his triumphal to ur in

1 82 6 I t b e longed to t h e Go rdo n family and ind e ed
.
, , ,

with t h e two houses nearly opposit e constituted G o r ,

d o nsv ille for many years .

Blo omingdale near So mers et was the h o me of

, ,

Thomas Barbour whose hou s e s tood several hundred ,

“
yards n o rthea st o f the pre s ent man s io n Te tle y near .
,

by was the h o me o f a Capt William S mith but was

, .
,

so named by M r Charle s J S tovin who own e d it for

. .
,

many years Blo omfield is the old N ewman h o me now

'

.
,

owned by J udge N e wman and greatly improve d H azel , .

hurst is the handsome h o me of M r Frank N alle n ear .

,

S omerset The o ld Winslow house near P o plar Run

.
, ,

burned down s ix years ago was a genuin e type of t he ,

colonial period Walnut H ills n e ar M adison M ills

.
, ,

was t he O range home of Governor K emper Green .

field now owned by Mr R ichard Booten was one of

, .
,

the old Taylor homes ; the pre se nt h o use was built

for M r Thomas S cott ; s ome of the oldest to mb stone s
.

in the coun ty are there Yatton so named by M r .

, .

L ewis B Williams who liv e d and died there was for

.
,

“ ”
merly M idland an o ther o f t h e Taylor homes as is
, ,

also M eadow F arm which is still in the Taylor family , .

”
S elma was the home o f the beloved physician D r
“
, .

Peyton Grymes R etreat formerly Willis Grov e now

.
, ,

own e d by the h eirs of D r Charles Co nway was t h e .

,

“ ”
home o f Gentleman Billy Willis and a merry place in ,

days of yore Ch e stnut H ill no w owned by M r W

.
, . .

G Cren shaw J r was the home of D r U riel Terrell

. .
, .
,

famou s in old days as a favorite h ost lery o f H e nry

 HI S T O R I C A ND OTH
E R HO M E S 2 1
5

Clay and oth er state s men ; t he old Taliaferro home ,

n e ar Rapidan a Crown grant in 1 7 2 6 now

, ,

owned by M r J ohn Taliaferro ; M orton H all L essland

.
, ,

former homes o f H on J eremiah M orton ; Vaucluse of

,
.
,

t h e ancient and aristocratic Grymes family ; another

S omerset near G ermanna— th e se are all old and in a
, ,

s e ns e
,
historic homes .
 C HA P TER XXI V

B e i ng a Pe r s o n a l Re t r o spe c t .

After mor than five ye ars o f re s earch and endeavor

e ,

this book is submitted to t h e indulgen ce of t he publi c

in t h e confidence of work con s ci e ntiously d one ; yet no t
without mi s givings .

I n writing history t h e pers onal not e may never be

s ounded ,and this chapte r not intend e d to be a part
,

“ ”
of the hist o ry is added that some things not con s o
, ,

nant with dignified narrative may be said .

I mpri mi s it would be ungrateful not to acknowle dge

,

with genuine cordiality t he e ncouragement received at

the hands of gentlemen not native to the County and
therefore not intimately interested in its history yet ,

wi thout who s e public spirit and lib e rality it is more

than doubtful whether this book could ever have
attained the dignity of type H e is an indiff e rent philos
.

opher who is ashamed of being poor ; he is none at

all who does not recognize the limitations of that con
dition S o let it be said at once and once for all that
.
, ,

its publication is due to the li berality of those who have

’
contributed to the illustrations ; which in the writ er s ,

j udgment constitute a very valuable histori cal feature

, .

S ome of these have been contributed by pers onal

friends who have perhaps denie d thems e lv e s in order
, ,

to perpetuate cherished historical memories ; others

 BE IN G A PE R S O N A LR E T R O S PE C T ,
2 1 7

by gentlemen who know the wri ter casually or not ,

at all and who hav e taken on tru st his promise to

,

write a history of t h e Co un ty .

H e can not forbear to thank both friends and stran

gers nor to hop e that th e y will think he h a s at least
,

tried to keep faith .

A nd now comes the in evitable and irrepres s ible E go ,

being a summary of t h e reasons that induced me to

attempt this book I kn ew many of the old p eopl e o f
.

the County— D r U ri e l Terrell who died aged 9 4 ; M r

.
, .

J am es Barbour N ewman a kinsman wh o die d age d , ,

97 ; M r J ohn
. s on Barbour my kin s man and my ,

Mmcena s wh o se mind was stored and s aturat e d by

,

his fath e r and moth er with t h e history a nd traditio ns

of O range .

O nly suppo s e that I had colle ct e d fro m them and ,

had pre s erved in this book a ll they c o uld and gladly ,

would hav e t o ld me ! W hat a b o ok it might th e n hav e

b een which now it can never b e !
,

H istory ought to b e a picture of t h e time it attempt s

to d e s cribe a picture held up in s ub s tance a s it were
, , ,

befo re t h e e ye s of t h e re ad er ; as H amle t says it should

“
h o ld the mirror up to nature and S h o w the v e ry age ,

”
and body of the time h is form and pre s sure .

I came to the age o f immature ob s ervatio n shortly

after the R efo rm Co ns titution of 1 8 50—5 1 was ratified .

I rememb er well the o ld Co unty Co urts b efore they

b ecam e fi eld day s for fakirs and horse trade rs
- -
.

Th o ugh now but little pa s t three s co re I remember -

,

peo ple who wore queues and short bree ch es— not many
but a few I rememb e r when t h e u sual apparel of
.
2 1 8 H I S TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

country gentlemen consi st ed of blue broadcloth

”
swallow tail coats with brass butto ns nanke e n waist ,

coats and trou s ers ; and b e coming apparel it was .

“ ” “
Ve sts and pantalo o n s are mod e rn and t h e cut ,

of t h e trousers is wholly diff erent from what it u s ed to

be .The R ev D r Philip S laught er told me that h e. .

wore the first pair of trous ers without t h e old fash

“ ”
io ned flap e v e r s e e n in O range ; and M r J o hn s o n .

Barbour told a story of an old family s ervant who

“
asked his mother pleas e not to let the s empstress ,

make any of them blackguard bre e che s for him .

I remember H enry A Wi s e and t h e great K now .

N othing Campaign of 1 8 56 .

O n the court green at O range I hav e s ee n M r J ohn , .

son Barbour M r J ames Barbour N ewman M r Wood

, .
, .

son Campbell M r Benj amin J ohns o n M r J ohn S , .

, . .

Cowherd M r R obert Taylor D r J ames L J ones Col

, .
, . .
, .

J ame s M agrude r M r Barton Haxall M r E Goss M r ,

.
, . .
, .

Charles S tovin D r J ame s M adison Col J o hn Willi s , .

, . .

M aj or J ohn H L ee M essrs J ames R eub en Thomas .

, .
, ,

and J ohn F N ewm an Co l Garrett S cott and his broth

.
, .
,

e rs J ohn and Charles M r D avid M eade Bernard M r , .

, .

Thomas S cott D r P eyton Grymes M r L ewis B Wil , .

, . .

liams M r R ichard H enry Willis Co l Geo rge Willis

, .
, .
,

M r Philip B J ones M r J oseph Hiden M r F erdinand

. .
, .
,
.

J ones Ho n J eremiah M orton M r George M orton of

, .
, .
,

Pamunkey Col J ohn Woolfolk M r Travers D aniel

,
.
, .
,

M r William C M oore Col Elhanan R ow M r L ancelot

. .
,
.
, .

Burrus D r D avid Pannill M r George Pannill M r

, .
, .
, .

Philip S F ry D r Thomas S laugh te r D r H orace Talia

.
, .
, .

ferro D r Edmund Taliafe rro Captain D ick Chapman

, .
, ,
 BE IN G A PE R S O N A LR E T R O S PE C T . 2 1 9

M r J oh n F Taliafe rro Capt Willi am G Cre n shaw

. .
, . .
,

Col B F N alle and m a ny mo re of t h e like kind

. . .
,
.

Th ey were mo s tly pa st t h e military ag e in 1 8 6 1 but ,

“ ”
th o ugh no t the m en b ehind t h e gun s th e y we re ,

b ehind the men who we re b ehin d th em from 1 8 6 1 ,

to 1 8 65 Co urt days were court days in th o se times ;

.

a re al educational influe nce .

I rememb e r the J ohn Bro w n raid in 1 8 59 and the ,

wild excit ement it occasioned and the appreh en s ion ,

of an in surrection and t h e nightly patrols ,

.

I saw G en R o b ert E Lee wh en h e pa s sed thro ugh

. .
,

O rang e April 2 2 1 8 6 1 and I ran o ff t h e next day

, , ,

and j oin e d t h e M o ntp e li er Guard th e n at H arpers ,

F e rry .

I n a log s ch o olh o u s e o n the plantation no w o wned ,

by M r Th o ma s Atkinson I went t o s ch ool with all the

.
,

M agrud er b o y s but the eld e s t and I w a s in t h e sam e ,

company with t h e Burrus b o y s who se tragic hi s tory ,

is narrated in the chapter o n t h e war p eriod .

“
I s erved throughout the world famo us Valle y Cam
”
paign and while a member of t h e V M I Cadet Bat
, . . .

talion fired a farewell Shot over t h e grave o f S tonewall

,

J ack s o n the prelude to Appomattox

,
.

Th e night befo re t h e battle of Winch e st e r S epte mber ,

19,
1 8 64 o n e of the m o st fat e ful battles of the war to
,

O range s oldiers I slept in a t e nt with Wilso n S N ew , .

man then commanding t h e M ontp e lier Guard L i eut

, , .

M artin S S tringfe llo w and Philli p H S cott my broth er

.
, .
, .

O ur rev e ille t h e n ext m o rn ing was the burs ting of sh e lls

in the camp N ewman was left fo r de ad on the field
. .

S tringfe llo w was twice wounded during the day and ,

2 20 HI S TO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

S cott afte r t h e surging line s had twic e pa s sed over

,

him was taken o ff the field on the shoulders of J ohn

,

N oland a comrad e the son of his father s tenant as

, ,
’

Early s army began its final retreat H e was carried

’
.

to a ho spital wh ere D r Grymes barely had time to .

amputate his leg n e ar the hip le aving him on the opera

ting table t o avoid capture himself .

N early all day long Chri stma s 1 8 64 th e n a mem , , ,

b er of the Black H orse Cavalry I was on the e n e my s

’

flank while th ey were at M r Barton Ha xa ll s s tables .

’

now M r Atkins o n s th e ir obj ect being the destruction

.
’

of t h e railroad at Gordo nsville O ur people at Gordo ns .

ville fired up an o ld disabled lo comotive which they

would take very quietly down the road to Trevillian ,

and then revers ing it would ru sh back t h e whistle ,

scree ching as if the world were about to come t o its end .

The raiders thought that infantry reinforceme nts

were being ru sh e d from R ichmo nd and after a S light ,

S kirmi s h with t h e home guards stationed on t h e cr e st ,

’
of the mountain near Co l A le xand e r Cameron s gate .
,

retire d acro ss the R apidan .

I got h o me from Appomattox A pril 1 2 1 8 65 and , ,

my bro ther one legged and on crutches met me at the

, ,

door and for a few angui shed moments refu s e d

, , ,

to beli eve that L ee had surrend ered I saw and endure d .

R econstruction including the Black Cro ok Co nvention

,

of 1 8 67 —68 negro es aliens and all

, , .

I rememb er this old C o mmonwe alth in her tranquil

happiness before the war ; in her maj esty during
,

the war ; in her defeat and humiliation aft e rwards .

Thank God I see her in 1 90 7 p eaceful pro sperous

'
, , ,
 BE IN G PE R S O N A LR E T R O S PE C T . 2 2 1

hopeful recalling with proud emotions the memory

,

of Pocahontas and J ohn S mith at J amestown and ,

celebrating with j oyous acclaim t he three hundredth -

anniversary of her settlement .

 A PPEND I X A

( No App en dix i s In d x d)
e e .

I m po rt at i o n s .

A
list of perso ns who imported th emselves or were ,

im ported as servants by others and who afterwards ,

“
prov ed their importation in order to o btain th eir head
”
rights to land in the colony Th e date shows the .

year in which pro of of importation was made and

re corded This li st was kindly furni shed by M r Philip
. .

H F ry for many years clerk of the County and Circuit

.
,
.

Courts .

1 7 3 6 AB E L J OS E P H B U N T IN E W M
B RO W N J OHN
, ,
. .

1 74 A ND E RSO N J OHN
0

B RAD Y W M
.
, ,

1 7 4 A
0 ND E RSON G E OR G E

B IRD S AML
.
, , .

1 7 4 1 A PPL E BY R O B E R T
7 5 3 A ND E RSON H ANNAH B AI L E Y R O BT
.
.
, ,

B E ASL E Y B E NN E T
.
.
, ,

1 7 3 5 A M B U R G E R C ONRAD E
7 3 5 E O U R E S M AR T I N B RAMHAM F RAN C IS
.
, ,

7 3 6 B UT L E R J OH N B RO W N A NN E
.
, ,

7 3 5 B I C K E RS R O B E R T B U RK T HOMAS
.
, ,

B RA C K E NRID G E A L E X
.
, ,

1 74 0 B O U R K S J OH N
B E LL JAM E S B R Y AN D E NN IS
.
.
, ,

1 74 0

B RO W N W M B ILLIN G SL E Y F RAN C IS
.
, ,

1 74 0

B LAIR A L E X
.
.
, ,

1 7 39 C A V E N A U G H P HIL E MON
7 3 9 B UT L E R J OHN
.
.
, ,

1 C RO C K E T R O BT
B LA C K T HOS
. .
, ,

1 74 0 C AM PB E LL P A T RI C K
C ALD W E LL J AM E S
.
.
, ,

1 74 0B R A W F O R D S AML
7 4 0 B ASKINS W M
. .
, ,

1 C A R D HA U T J O HN
B AM B RI D G E A NN
.
.
, .
,

1 74 0 C OL E W M
7 4 1 B R Y N E H E NR Y C ALD W E LL G E O
. .
, ,

B RADS T R E E T F RAN C IS C RA W FORD P A T RI C K

.
, , .

1
74 1 .
, ,

1 74 1B ANKS W M C A T H E Y JAM E S
B RO W N T HOS
. .
, ,

1 74 1 . C AM B L E J OHN
, .
,
2 2 6 HI S TO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

C R o s s R I C HD E VE J OS E PH
F I NK M ARK
.
, ,
(a
CA RR , J O HN
NI F RAZI E R A L E X
,

C HRIS T O PH E R C HOLAS
F OR E S T E R J OHN
, , .

CA RR , J A COB
C RA W FORD J OHN F INL E Y P AT RI C K
,

C RA W FORD W M F I E LDS M AR Y
, ,

, .
,

C HAM B RS E LIZA B E T H
E F o x J AM E S
F E RR E LL HO NN E R
, ,

C OLLINS A NN
F RAZ E R R O BT
, ,

C ARN E Y T IMO T H Y
F LAND E RS W M
, , .

C ARN E Y E AS T E R
F RAZ E R J OHN
, , .

C HAN Y J OS E PH
E

F LO Y D J OHN
, ,

CO L E MA N J 0HN
C OL E MA N M AR G AR E T
, ,

F I N L A S O N J OHN
F LO Y D C HARL E S
, ,

C OOK G E O
, .
,

C OLLINS JAM E S G RAN T J OH N

C OL E E D W ARD
, ,

, G I L A S B Y JAM E S ,

CO O K, J A MES G E L A S B Y J E SS E ,

C Ro s s E L L IO N E R
,
G A Y S AML
, .

C OO P E R W M G I V I NS S AML
G RAD Y M AR Y
, .
, .

CU MMINS A L E X
G I L A S B Y M AR G AR E T
.
, ,

C O C K E C HAS
G I L A S B Y M A TT H E W
, .
,

CU s e s, R I C HD .
,

C AM P B E LL D O U G ALD ,
G AIN E S JAM E S ,

C O TT ON J OS E PH ,
G I B SON AB E L ,

D RAK E S AM U L ,
E G I BB INS W M , .

D E A L M O R E J OHN ,
G RAN T A L E X , .

D AL E Y JAM E S GU LL Y T HOS
G I B SON M AR G AR E T
, , .

D A V IDSON J OHN
G R E E N E D W ARD
, ,

D A V IS JAM E S
, ,

D ANNIN G E LIZA B E T H G AHA G AN T H OMAS

DU N G AN M AR G AR E T
, ,

,
G OLD E R J OHN ,

D OOLIN G T HOMAS ,
G RA C E A NN ,

D U RHAM J OHN G R E E N R O BT
D RAK E H ANNAH
.
, ,

G RA Y WM '

H A Y S J OHN
.
, ,

D A V IS J OHN
H A Y S P A T RI C K
, ,

D U FF A R T H U R
DU FF M AR Y H OOK R O BT
, ,

H ARR E LL J OHN
, , .

DU LIN G J OHN
H ALL E D W ARD
, ,

D Y E R JAM S E

H UTC H E SON W M
, ,

DU NN A R T H U R
H E ND E RSON THOMAS
.
, ,

E DMIS T ON D A V I D
H UTC H E S ON G E O
, ,

E DG EA R WM , .
, .
 A PPE ND I X— IM P O R T A T I O NS . 2 2 7

H O KINS LIZA B
P E E TH L AM B R I C HD
H AN Y J OHN
.
, ,

E L E R NA Y T HOMAS
H ART H NR Y
, ,

E L A T HAM JOHN
H ARRIS J OS H MC O NNA L A NDR E W
, ,

EP

M C D O W E LL R O BT
, ,

HO WS I N T HOMAS
M C C O W IN F RAN C I S
.
, ,

HU S S E E E AS T E R
M C C L U R E JAM E S
, ,

HE R R E ND O N J OH N
H O KINS J AM S M A X W E LL J OHN
, ,

P E

H ND RSON A L X
, ,

E E E MC C A D D A N P A T RI C K
H AN Y D AR BY M C KA Y A G N E S
,
.
,

H OM G OR M C KA Y W M
, ,

E E GE

M C K A Y JAM E S
.
, ,

H U M PHR E Y S , G E ORG E

R W IN A N T HON Y
,

I MO R PHE T J OHN
M C D O W E LL R O BT
, ,

J ON E S T HOMAS
M I TC H E LL D A V ID
.
, ,

J OHNS T ON W M
M C D O W E LL J OHN
, .
,

J OHNS T ON W M
J E NNIN G S E D W ARD M C M U RRIN M AR G AR E T
, .
,

M C D O W E LL E PHR A HIM
, ,

J OHNSON P E T E R , ,

J OHNSON P E T E R MC A L E G A NT JAM E S
M C C ANL E SS W M
, ,

J E RMA N T H0 M A S

M C C ANL E SS E LIZA B E T H
.
, ,

J OH NSON A R C HI B ALD , ,

J ON E S T Ho s MU L HA L A N JOHN
M C L E AN W M
, .
,

J OHNSON W M
L A M B O T T E E D W ARD M C L E AN M AR G AR E T
. .
, ,

K IN G R O BT M C D ANI E L W M
, ,

M C P H E RSON R O BT
,

K IN G W M
. .
,

K INDL E T HOMAS M C P H E RSON M AR G AR E T

, .
, .

K IN E S J OHN M C P H E RSON A LI X
, ,

K E LL Y W M M C P H E RSON S U SANN A
.
, ,

K E LL Y M I C HA E L M ILLS JAM E S
, .
,

K E NDALL H E NR Y M C N I E L PAT RI C K
, ,

K E NDALL H E NR Y
, ,

MC KE N S E Y J OHN
K E LL Y W M M C CU LLO C K A NN
, ,

KE R C HL E R M A T HIAS M ORRIS W M
.
, ,

L O G AN D A V ID M C F I E LD J OHN
.
, ,

M ASON M AR G AR E T
, ,

L ON G W M
L E D G E R W OO D W M M U LHOLLAND O W E N
.
, ,

M OR G AN J OHN
, .
,

L E PP E R JAM E S
M OR G AN M AR Y
, ,

L A M PA R T , E D WD
L ONARD P A T RI K M C C AN JOHN
.
,

E C

M C M U RRIN D A V ID
, ,

L Y N C H J OHN
L Y ON M I C HA L M C G I N NIS JAM E S
, ,

,
E ,
2 2 8 HI S TO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

M ONRO W M E, R AMS E Y R O BT
M ORRIS J AN
.
, .

E R OSS E A L E X
M ANN N A NDR W R AK E S T RA W
, , .

E E

M OR AN HOMAS R O U S E F RAN C IS
,

G T
M I T H LL J OHN
, ,

C E R I G BY J OHN
M D ONALD J OH N
, ,

C R Y AN J OHN
M CU LL Y JAM S R O U S E E D W ARD
, ,

C E E

M C O Y J OHN
, ,

C R O B INSON C HARL E S
M K NN Y J OHN
, ,

C E R o s s D A V ID
M I T H LL W M
, ,

C E R E AD JOHN
N I HOLLS W M
, .
,

C R O B RSON JAM E S
E

N W ORT J OHN
, .
,

E P S T E V E NSON T HOS
M ORRIS
, , .

O FRA IL ,
S C O TT S AM U E L ,

O GG J OHN W if an d e S C O TT R O B E R T
M AR Y
, ,

O NA T O N , STE A V E NS O N , J O HN
P ARSONS R I C HARD , S MI T H J OHN ,

P ARKS J OHN , S K I L L rM W M , .

P A TT E RSON R O B E R T , S T E A V E NS O N ,
D A V ID
P OA G E R O B E R T , S MI T H W M , .

P I C K NS J OH N
E , S MI T H E LIZA B E T H ,

PA G E , J O HN S T AN T O N E LIZA B E T H ,

P IN R T HOMAS
E S MI T H W M
P RI C E E D W ARD
.
, ,

, S H E E T S J OHN ,

P ARSONS G E OR G E S IMS J OAN NA

P ARSONS M AR Y S MI T H O W E N
, ,

P OOR M I C HA E L
, ,

,
S C AL E S R I C HARD ,

P HILLI PS J OS PH ,
E S IMS W M ,
.

P E A C O C K T HOS S C O TT J AM E S
S E V I E R V AL E N T IN E
.
, ,

P ARKS T HOMA S , ,

P HILLI PS E DM U N D SEA RS , J O S E PH
T W AR T G OR G
,

P I T C H R T HOMAS
E ,
S E ,
E E

P HILLI PS J OS E P H S L E T J AM S
E E

R Y L Y M I C AL
, ,

,
S MI T H T HOMAS ,

RA S O N R O B RT
L ,
E S MI T H E LIZA B T H,
E

R Y J OS P H
A ,
E S T OK E S E LIZA B T H ,
E

R E ADS JOS PH ,
E S UT H R LAND W ME , .

R OOD J AM S ,
E S MALL O LI V E R ,

RE E D A G N E S S A CK
T J OHN A LL

S T AN T ON M A TT H E W
, ,

R O B INSON JAM E S , ,

R AN E Y J OHN ,
T RIM B L J OHN E ,

R I C H E P A T RI C K T HOM P SON W M
T HOMAS ON M OS S
.
, ,

R Y AN S OLOMON , ,
E
 A p p E N D I x— J M PO RTA T IO N S . 2 2
9

1 7 40 . HOMASON A L E X
T ,
. W AV R P TE R
E E ,
E

I 7 3 9 T U RK R O BT W ILSON D A V ID
7 5 2 T E RR E T N A T HANI E L
.
, ,

1 W ILSON R I C HARD
T I BB I T M A TT H E W
.
, ,

1 75 1 .
,
W ALSH P A T RI C K ,

1
7 4 3 T HOM PSON R O BT
.
, . W ILLIAMS T HOMAS ,

1 7 4 3 T H U RS T ON S ARAH ,
W ILSON J OHN ,

1 7 4 9 T E RRILL HO NN E R
.
,
W ALK E R JOHN ,

1 7 3 8 T HOMSON J OHN
.
,
W ALSH J OS E PH ,

1 7 5 5 T HOM PSON A L E X AN D E R W OOD T HOS

W ALLA C E H U M PHR Y
.
, , .

I
7 3 5 T HOMAS J OSH U A E

7 4 7 U PT ON H E NR Y W ILLSON M AR Y
, ,

7 4 7 U PT ON M AR Y
.
, ,

1 W HI T E J OHN
7 3 5 V A U G H T J OHN P A U L
.
, ,

1 W HI T MAN W M
7 3 5 VA U G H T M AR Y C A T H
.
, , .

I .
,
W H E L E R J OHN
E ,

E RIN E wife W ALK E R T HOMAS

7 3 S V A U G H T J OHN A N DR E W
, , ,

I , ,
W OOD JAM E S ,

J OHN C AS PE R s ons W E L C H J OHN

7 3 5 VA U G H T
, ,

1 C A T H E RIN E WA R F IN R I C HARD
M AR G AR E T and M AR Y C AT H
, , ,

W ALK E R J OHN
W ILHI T E M I C HA E L
,

E RIN E da u ght e rs

7 3 5 V IN Y ARD J OHN
, ,

1 W ILHI T J OHN E

Y O U N G R O BT
, ,

I 7 3 S WA RT HA N JAM E S , , .

1 7 3 5 W ALK E R J OHN
.
,

Thes e importations were almo st without exception

“ ”
from Great Britain though in many cases I reland is ,

giv e n specifically as the place whe nce imported .

The following list is wholly of German Protestants ,

the impo rtatio ns having been all proved and the par ,

ties naturalize d J anuary 2 8 1 7 4 3 , , .

B L A NK E N B A HARIAH G RA Y S L A W R E N C E
C KE R , ZA C

B OM G ARDN E R F R E D E RI C K
,

T HOMAS J OHN , ,

C HRIS T L E D U VA L D U HL D C HRIS T O P H E R
F L E SHMAN PE T E R VA L L I C K M AR T IN
, ,

G ARR A NDR E W J OHN A DAM Z IMM E RMAN ( li s Carpenter)

, ,

a a

an d L A W R E N C E
, , ,

A nd on F ebruary 2 4 1 7 4 3 : ,

B RO Y L E C O U RT N E Y ,
W ILHI T E J OHN ,

MA NS PI L E J A C O B W ILHI T E T O B IAS
, ,

M ILL E R JA C O B ,
/
 A PPEND I X B .

C e n su s ,
1
7 8 2 .

The N u mber of P eople Ta ken i n Ora nge C ou n ty b y C a tlett C onway ,

G en t Oc tober, 1 782
h it B l k hit
. .
,

W e ac W e

W ILLIAM H U N T R
‘
E 7 39 J OHN 5
M AR Y M O T H RSH E AD E 9 9 D ANI E L JAM E S 8
H E NR Y C OOK E
.

! C HARL E S 1 1 30 9
W I LLIAM M OR T ON 0
0 30 R I C HARD L ON G 3
J OHN L ON G
.

J E SS E F C LARK 0
0 3
R O B E R T B RADL E Y
.

W ILLIAM S T RO T H R E J
Q 7
Z A C H Y C O G HILL
.

! W ILLIAM T HORN T ON .
Q 9
W ILLIAM L AN C AS T E R
.

R I C HARD R Y N OLDS E Q 7
T HO MAS O J OHN M ILL E R .
7
J AM E S B ARK E R M J AM E S T IND E R 10

J OH N H ANSFORD HO A N N S C O TT 4
J OS E PH H ILMAN . . W R E U B E N S C O TT 3
W ILLIAM P AN N LL E . HH T HOMAS S U MM E RS . 6
J OHN C HAM B E RS T HOMAS W E L C H 6
J ONA T HAN G I B SON . J AM E S WE T HE R S PO O N 6
J O HN B RA M HA M
.

A DAM G OODL E T 2 1

J OHN F A U L C ON E R
. .

B E N J AMI N M ART I N
J OHN D A W SON
.
.

R I C HARD G RA V E S J OHN C HISHA M

G E O S TU BB L E FI E LD
.
5 3 L E W IS PE RR Y
J AM E S R O B B 1
3 1 7 R I C HARD AB E LL
C A T L TT C ON W A Y
E 7 2 7 C A L EB AB E LL
F RAN C IS H U G HS 8 2

U RI E L M ALLOR Y
. .

9 1 7 To tal 335 2 67

Th N u m b r f P
e e o eo p le T a k en i n Ora nge C o u n ty by Zl ohnny S cott ,

G en t Oc to ber 1 7 8 2
it B l k
.

hi Bl k
,

W te ac Wh e ac

W ILLIAM A C R E 9 1 E LI J AH C RAI G 9 2 0

J ONA T HAN C O W H E RD
.

J OHN A C R E 6 2 . 8 14

F RAN C IS B U SH 6 2 J OS E PH D A V IS 9 7
J OHN B OS W E LLS . . 1 3 1 6 R O BT D E ARIN G J R
.
,
.
5 2

J OHN B E LL 8 2 0 J ONA T HAN D A V IS .

W ILLIAM B U C KN R
.

E . 1 1 J OH N D E ARIN G
 APP E NDIX —CE N SUS ,
1 782 . 2
31

W h Bl k
it e ac

E D W ARD D E ARIN G . I I A NN M ART IN

J AM E S D A V IS . G OR G E S MI T H
E 0 0 0 0 0

J OHN D ANI E L J OS E P H S MI T H
E LIZA B E T H E AS T IN JOHN S UTT ON J R
N AN C Y E V E
. .
,

. . J OHNN Y S C O TT
D A V ID G E L L A S PY . J OS E P H S IL V E S T E R
R I C HARD G AIN E S . Z A C HAR Y T A Y LOR
D A V ID H ILL
.

A L E X AND E R T A Y LOR
M OS E S H ARROD H ARR Y W INSLO W
. . .

J OHN T H AMIL T ON . . W ILLIAM W E BB .

T HOMAS J ON E S . J OHN W ILLIS

R O B E R T M AR T IN . J ONA T HAN W HI T E
A N N M AR T IN
.

J OHN Y O U N G
.

P R E TTY MAN M E RR Y J OHN H A W KINS

.

A L E X AND E R M ARR
.

W ILLIAM Y O U N G
.

. .

R O G E R M ALLOR Y
.

J OHN M ORRIS . To tal 3 07 3 63

The Nu mb er of P eop le T ak en i n Ora nge C ou n ty by B enj G rymes .

,

G en t O c tober , 1 782 .

Bl kac

J
B E N AMIN T HOMAS M ORRIS
B TG
RO E R AIN E S R I C HARD C W E BB .

J OHN S PO T S W OOD
.

. .
!
J OHN C W E B B .

R O B E RT C . O B E DIAH O V E R T ON
C H U R C HILL JON E S G E OR G E O V E R T ON
W ILLIAM H U M E M A J OR O AK E S
. .

J OHN W OOLFOLK . T H OMAS L U C AS

G E OR G E T IMO T H Y C ONNOR
J OS E PH R OSS N E J OHN R HOD E S
E LISHA H A W K E NS J OH N J E NNIN G S
H E NR Y M ART IN
. .

. J OH N J ON E S
G E OR G E C HA PMAN . B E N J AMIN B RADL E Y
S T E PH E N S MI T H . J OS E PH R I C HARDS .

NA T HL S AND E RS . J OHN R O B INSON

B E N J AMI N H E AD
. .

JOS E P H
G E OR G B L DSOE E E D ANI E L S IN G L E T O N
J OHN B L E DSO E
. .

W ILLIAM S U LLI V AN .

JAM E S S MI T H . . W M H U M PHR E Y S
. .

R UB N
E E J E SS E S MI T H 0 0 0 0 0
 2 3 2 HIS TO R Y OF OR A NG E CO U N T Y

J AM E S G ORDON A M B ROS E R I C HARDS

W ILLIAM H A W KINS T HO M A S J O NE S
H NR Y P RR Y
.

J OHN L AN C AS T E R E E

M OS S B L DS O
. .

P E IR C E P E RR Y . E E E

R E UB E N E DM U N D R O W .

J O HN T HOMAS R o w .

J AM E S W OOD G E OR G E W HAR T ON
T HOMAS F A U L C ON E R
. . .

J OHN P RO C T E R . .

M O U RNIN G P I G G
E LI J AH J ON E S
. .

To tal 313 1 84

PHIL E MON R I C HARDS

The Nu m b er of P eople T a k en i n O ra nge C o u n ty by jeremi a h Whi te ,

G en t Oc tob er, 1 7 8 2 .

Wh it B l k
e ac

LE W IS B I DDL E 3 6 R I C HARD R AIN E S

E DM HA KL FORD
’
D S C E 7 4 E D W ARD L AN E
E D W ARD A NS IL L 6 3 J OHN W HI T E J R
H E NR Y D A V IS
. .
,

JAM S R IDDLE E 9 I O

S AM U L H AM E 6 L IT T L E B E RR Y L AN E
T HO MAS 7 J OHN S HE F L E T T
JAM S H AIN Y
.

E E 1 H S HA C KL E FORD
.

W ILLIAM C OLLI R E T HOMAS S NO W

M ART I N C OLLI R J OHN B R Y S ON
.

E . .

W ILLIAM W ILLIAM E AS T E R
A L E X AND E R O G G . T H OMAS H AR V E Y .

S AM U E L E S T IS E PHRAI M S I MMONS
J OH N G OODALL M AR G AR E T D O U G LAS
F RAN C IS H E RRI N G
.

W I LLIAM C O X
J OH N E LIZA B R U C E
.

J OHN A G N E SS S LA T E R
R I C HARD L AM B J AM E S H E AD
J OS E P H H AR V E Y
. . .

W ILLIAM L AM B
J OH N O G G . T H OMAS B ROOK .

J AM E S E ARL E Y J E R E MIAH W HI T E
D A V I D W ILLIAMS . . W ILLIAM B E LL .

J OH N H AN E Y E PHRAI M S IMMONS
S AM U E L H AM
.

M ART I N PE TTU S
.

To tal 2 99 1 38
W ILLIAM S MI T H
 AP P E N D I X — CE N S U S ,
1
782 . 2
33

The Nu m ber of P eople T ak en i n Ora nge C o u n ty b y Thomas B arbou r ,

G ent O c to b er 1 78 2
Bl k
.
, , .

Whi t e ac

T HOMAS B AR B O U R 10
30 T HOMAS H E RRIN G
B E N J AMIN J OHNSON
. . .

J OH N B R O O K E S S ’
2 4
M A Y B U RT ON JR
,
.
7 M ART IN J OHNSON
J OHN B U R T ON 4 W ILLIAM J ON E S
A M B ROS E B U R T ON 1 J OHN L U C AS
J AM E S B U R T ON
.

W ILLIAM L U C AS
. .

D A V ID B R U C E N A T HAN M ALLOR Y
.

T HOMAS B ALLARD J R
. .

T A B I T HA O LI V E R
R O B E R T B E ADL E S
.
,

R O B E R T P E ARSO N
P HILI P B ALLARD J OH N PA Y N E
P HILI P B ALLARD J R
.

J OS E PH P A TT E RSON
P HILI P B ALLARD t h e
.
,

R I C HARD P A Y N E
y o u n ge r J OHN R U C K E R
E L I J AH B ALLARD P E TE R RU CKE R
J AM E S B E AZL E Y JR , E PHRAI M R U C K E R J R
W ILLIAM JOHN R O G E RS
M A Y B U RT ON T HOMAS S MI T H
M ORD E C AI B R U C E
.

. R O B E R T S ANFORD
W ILLIAM J OHN S N E LL J R ,
.

J OHN C AR T E RS J R , . . J OSH U A S T AFF

JAM E S C O NNO L E Y . . J OSH U A S T AFF JR ,
.

J OS E P H C Hfi M A N T HOMAS S T AFF
g
”

J OHN C ARR E LL A C HILL E S S T AFF

B E LFI E LD C A V E
.

J O E L HO D G HE L L .

JAM E S C OFF E R R I C HARD S E B R E E .

4.

C HARL E S C R E E L R I C HARD S E B R E E J R ,

T HOMAS D A U G HO N E Y ” W ILLIAM S E B R E E

J OSH U A U ND E R W OOD
.

JAM E S D A U G HO N E Y l
l
(

JA C O B E HAR T 4 JAM E S W A YT
E NO C H GU LL E Y 5 J OHN W ILHOI T
L E W IS G ARR
. .

3 W M L U C AS J R
B E N J AMIN
.
,

8
B E N J AMIN H AN E Y .
5 To tal
The N u m b er o f P eople Ta ke i n Ora nge C o u n ty b y Thos . B ell G en t
, .
,

Oc to ber 1 7 82
Bl k
.
,

t e ac

A LL E N
R I C H A RD 6 8 J OS E P H B OS T ON
J OS E PH AT KINS 5 12 R O B E R T C O C K BU RN .
 2 34 HI S T O R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

Wi h te Wh lt e
R OSANNA C AM PB E LL .
9 AB N R POR T E R
E 7
JAM E S D A V IS 3 S ANFORD R ANSD LL E 4
J OHN F INN E LL
. .

7 J OHN S AM U E L 7
S I MON F INN E LL 9 JAM E S S L E E T 8
G E OR G E G RA C E 4
“
S AM U E L T HOM PSON 5
J AM E S H A W KINS F RAN C IS T ALIAF RRO
.

2 E 6
W ILLIAM IN G RAM . . T HOMAS B E LL I O

J OHN J A C KSON S L A W R T ALIAF RRO

’
E

F RAN C IS D AD
.

J OHN L E E E

“ W ILLIAM
E D W ARD M ARSH . . To tal
The Nu mber of P eople Ta ken i n Ora nge C o u n ty by Wi lli am M oore ,

G en t O c to ber, 1 78 2 .

E D W ARD VI V IAN D ANI L E

JAM E S AT KI NS J OH M R
N E E E

B E N J AMIN AT KINS ISAA F R C MAN EE

J OH N AT KI NS I SAA C G RA V E S
J OHN A L C O C K . U RIAH G AS T ON
J AM E S AT KI NS J R ,
. . J AM E S G AIN E S
J OHN AT KINS W ILLIAM G ROOM
W ILLIAM AT KINS J OH N G OODRI C H
L E W IS B RO C KMAN L INDS A Y H ARRIS
.

A NN B OLI N G J OH N H E ND E RSON
.

. .

J OHN B OLI N G T HOMAS H ARRIS

R I C HARD B U LLO C K T HOMAS L E NDR U M
T H OMAS C AL E B L INDSA Y
T H OMAS B U R R U S . R E U B E N L E NDR U M
S AML B RO C KMA N J R W ILLIAM M OOR E
W ILLIAM B RO C KMAN M I C HA E L MA NS PO E L
.
,

S AML B RO C KMAN A NDR E W M ANNI N G

J OHN B RO C KMAN G E OR G E M OR T ON
. . .

M AR Y B U RR U S
.

J OHN O AK E S
J OHN B L E DS O E W ILLI AM PA Y N E
H E NR Y C HIL E S
.

. W ILLIAM P OLLO C K
J E R E MIAH C HAN DL E R I ND Y PA Y N E
JA C O B C R O S T HWA IT . J OHN PA G E .

J AM E S C OO PE R . T HOMAS P A Y N E .

J OS E PH D U N C AN . A ARON Q U IS E N B E RR Y 4
 APP E N D I X— CE N S U S , 1 782 . 2 35

Wh i Bl k
te ac Wh it e

A Q U I S E N B E RR Y J R , . 8 5 Z A C HY S HA C KL E F 0R D I o

H
. .

W M Q U IS N B RR Y E E 4 I O NR Y T AND Y
E

M OS E S Q U IS N B E RR Y E D W ARD T HOMAS
. .

E 9 1 .

J OHN Q U IS E N B E RR Y .
7 1 W ILLIAM T HOMAS
JAS Q U I S E N R Y
. BEE 5 I J OHN W RI G H T
W ILLIAM R I C HARD S .
9 I JA C O B W ILLIAMS .

A NN S MI T H .
3
J AM E S S MI T H 9 To tal 438 2 93
S T PH I K S MI T H
E . . . . 2

The Nu mb er o f P eople T ak en in Ora nge C ou n ty by Rowland

T ho m as G en t Oc to b er 1 782

h it B l k
.
, ,

W e ac

W
R O LAND T HOMAS I O 1 3 D A V ID B ARR TT E

W E LI J AH M OR T O N
. . .

R O LAND T H OMAS J R , 3 3
R O BT S TU BB L E FI E LD 7 9 E LISHA A R NOLD 0 0 0 0 0

W ILLIAM H E RNDON
.

T H OMAS S HAR PE I O 4
H E NR Y C LA YT ON
. .

R O B E R T D ANI E L 5 .

J OHN B RO W N
. .

J OHN W RI G H T
JOHN L O Y D JAM E S G RAD Y
N OAH K NO W L E S S T E PH N H IA TT
.

G E OR G E M OOR E R U SH H U DSON
.

"

W ILLIAM P E A C H E R J OHN D AR E

J OHN C OLLINS W ILLIAM R Y NOLDS E

D A V ID A LL E N . C A T H RIN E D E AR
E

J OS E PH R E Y NOLD S R O B E R T C HANDL E R
W I LLIAM B RADL E Y
. .

PE T E R MO U NT A G U E
B E N J AMIN S T E V E N S R I C HARD B RADL E Y
.

S T E PH E N S MI T H 3 C HARL E S D E AR
N I C HS F ISH E R
.

4 J OS E P H C HANDL E R
S ARAH H E A T H
.

U RIAH P RO C T OR .
0
1

R O B E R T L AN C AS T E R . .
0
0
T H OMAS D E AR
J OHN P RO C T OR .
0
0 W ILLIAM W RI G H T
R I C HARD L A HC A S T E R O
!
JAM E S H E RNDON
E LIZA D ANI E L .
(
N
JAM E S C OL E MAN . .
9 To tal 2 56 12 1

The Nu mb er of P eople T ak en i n Orang e C ou n ty by j ames M adis on ,

G en t Oc to b er, 1 782
hi Bl k
,

W te ac

J OHN B A Y LOR 84 H NR Y B ARN E TT

E .

M AR Y B E LL R O B E R T B I C K E RS
.

I O
.
32 .
2
36 HI S TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

W ILLIAM B I C K E RS J OHN PE TTY

Y O W E LL B OS T ON B E N J AMI N P ORT E R
.

J AM E S B LAI R P HILI P R OMAN

W ILLIAM B RO W N T HOMAS S T E V E NS ON
W ILLIAM B AL E
.

E S AM U E L S UTT ON
G ARLAND B U RNL E Y W ILLIAM S UTT ON
T HOMAS C OL E MAN P E IR C E S ANFORD
W ILLIAM B RO W N J R
. .

J OHN S T O C K D E L L
A NDR E W S H E PH E RD
,

J AM E S C OL E MAN
VI N C E N T S E LF
. .

J OS E PH C LARK
M ART HA C H E W J E R E MIAH S MI T H
H A Y T ALIAF E RRO
.

R I C HARD C ARL T ON
W ILLI AM E D W ARDS J AM E S T A Y LOR
W ILLIAM F INN LL
.

E J AM E S T A Y LOR J R
Z A C HAR Y G AS T ON
,

E RASM U S T a Y L O R
J OHN G RA V E S F RAN C IS T A Y LOR .

A NDR E W G LASS E L G E OR G E T A Y LOR

Z A C H Y H E RNDON
.

C HARL E S T A Y LOR
W ILLIAM H AN C O C K
.

C HA P MAN T A Y LOR
N I C HOLAS J ON E S
. .

. R O B E R T T E RR E LL
J OHN L E A T H E RS S ARAH T HOMAS
S PE N C E R M OZIN G O JAM E S V A U G H N
.

B E N J AMIN W INSLO W
.

W ILLIAM L E AK
J AM S M ADISON
E . L E W IS W ILLIS
A M B ROS E S AM U E L W A T SON
T HOMA S M ALLOR Y *

M I C HA E L R I C E
T HOMAS B I C K E RS
. .

JAM E S
W ILLIAM N E W MA N
J OHN N O LL E . To tal 346 58 1
G E OR G E
The Nu m ber of P eople Ta k en i n Orange C o u nty by Z a ch
’

y B u rnley,
.

G en t
. Oc to b er, 1 782 .

B N J AMIN P O W LL
E E . C HARL S T A Y LOR
E

W ILLIAM U LLI V AN
S D A V ID R OA C H
R O B R T M ILL R
E E E LIZA F U R N IS
. .

T HOMAS C HARL E S W ALK E R

S IMON KE E J AM S T A Y LOR (
E s on

S OLOMON JARR E LL . . o f Cha rl s ) e

 A PPE ND IX -
CE N S U S ,
1 782 . 2 37

Bl k
ac

W ILLIAM JAM E S T A Y LOR

M AR Y P O W LL E W ILLIAM T A Y LOR
E LIZA S HI FL E TT
. . F RAN C IS PO W E LL
AB N E R C ROSS JAM E S D U N C AN
JAM S B U SH
. 0 0 0 0 0

E . E LIZA F U R N I S . .

JAM S E J OS E PH E DDINS
E D W ARD B R Y AN T J OHN R U C K E R
J OHN K E NDALL
.

W M S T ANARD S ’

D ANI L C RO W M A C E P I C K E TT
. 0 0 0 0 0

J OHN W HI T E J E SS E P L U NK E TT
JOHN B ADL S
.

E E JAM E S S IM PSON
JA C O B C OFF R E W M S C O TT
T HOMAS P O W LL
.

E J OHN P A G E
R U B E N U N D E R W OOD MA C A J A H N E AL
.

G OR G E T HORN T ON
E Z A C H B U RNL E Y . 0 0 0 0 0

T HOMAS W ALK R E

M R G T U ND R W OOD
A
’
E

The Nu mber of P eople T a ken i n Ora nge C ou n ty b y A nd

’
w S hepherd , ,

G en t . O c tob er
,
1 782 .

J OS E PH B ANN E R W ILLIAM H RRI N G E

H E NR Y B O U RN
.

G E OR G E J ON E S
W ILLIAM H UG H
JAM E S B E C KHAM JAM E S JAM E SON
S PE N C E R B RAMHAM M AR G AR T J AM SON E E

B E N J AMIN B OHAN
.

W ILLIAM J AM E SON
B E N J B OHAN JR J OHN K NDALL
. .

J OHN B OHAN
. .
,

T HOMAS L N O R A T

JOHN B OO T H F RAN C IS M OOR

.

T HOMAS B R Y AN T F RAN C IS M OOR JR

. .

R U B N M OOR
. .
,

W ILLIAM C A S T I E E E E

N AT H M OT H RSH AD
. . .

P A T RI C K C O C KRAN E E

J R MIAH M INOR
. . .

J OHN C LARK E E

W ILLIAM M INOR
.

A L E X AND E R D AL E
R I C HARD M OR T O N
. .

T H OMAS D A V IS
L U C Y M OOR E S tat
.

A N T HON Y '
es e

T HOMAS F OS T E R J R A L X N W MAN
E E

AB N R N E W MAN
. . .
,

C A T H E RIN E G E OR G E E

L A W R E N C E G ILL E TT C HARL E S P OR T R E
 2 38 H I S TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

Whi t e Bl k
ac

J OHN P RI C E "

D ANI E L T H ORN T ON . 1 1

R I C HARD PRI C E J OH N T E RR E LL O
J E SS E R ANSD E LL
. . W ILLIAM T WE E S D E L L A
J OHN R ANSD E LL J OS E PH T HO MAS O
W ILLIAM R ANSD E LL *
A L E X AND E R W A U G H . N

J OS E PH S PE N C E R
. G E OR G E W A U G H N
!
W ILLIAM T HORN T ON .

J OHN To tal 32 6 1 68
“
J AM E S T HORN T ON
3410 W hi te s .

2 84 8 B lack s.
 A PPEND I X C

Wi ll o f Pr e si d e n t M a d i so n .

I J ames M adis on of O range Coun ty do make this

, ,

my last will and t e stament h ere by revoking all Wills ,

by me here tofore mad e .

I devise to my d e ar wife during her life the tract o f

land wh ereon I live as no w h eld by me except as herein
, ,

otherwi se devise d ; and if she S hall pay the sum of nine

thousand dollars within thre e years after my d eath ,

to be distributed as h ereinafter directed then I devi s e ,

t h e same land to her in fee simple I f my wife shall .

not pay the said sum of mon ey Within the p e riod before
me ntion e d then a nd in that case it is my will and I
, ,

hereby direct that at her death the said land S hall be

Sold for cas h or on a credit as may be deemed mo s t fo r
,

the interest of those e ntitle d to th e proc ee ds th ereof .

I f my wife Shall pay the said sum of mon e y Within the

time before specifie d as aforesaid so as to b e come enti ,

t led to the fee S imple in the said land th e n I beque ath ,

the said sum of money to be equally divid ed among

all my nephews and nieces which S hall at that time be
living and in case of any o f them being dead leaving
, ,

issue at that time living then such issue Shall take the
,

place of its or their deceased parent .

I t is my further Will that in case my wife shall not

,

pay th e s aid sum of money wi thin the time b efore

.

named and it shall therefore be n e ce ssary to sell the

,

said land at h er d e ath as before directed then after ,

d educting the twentieth part of the purchase money of

the said land which de ducted part I hereby e mpower
,

my wife to dispos e of by her wi ll I bequeath the re sidue ,

of the purchase money and in case of her dying without

having di sposed of such deduct ed part by her will I ,

bequeath the whole of the purchase money of the said

2
39
2 40 HI S TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

land to my n e phews and nieces or the issues of such of

them as may be dead in the mann er b efo re directed in
,

re gard to t h e money to b e paid by her in case she Shall

pay t he same I devise my grist mill with the land
.

attached there to to my wi fe during her life and I

, ,

h ere by direct the same to be sold at her death and the ,

purchase mo ney to be divided a s b efore directed in

regard to the pro c eeds of t h e tract whereon I live .

I devis e to my niec e N elly C Willis and her heirs

,
.

the lo t of land lying in O range County purchased of ,

B o swe ll Thornton on which is a lime s tone quarry and

, ,

also my int ere s t in a tract of land lying in Loui s a County

re puted to contain two hundred acres and not far ,

from t h e said limestone quarry I d evise my house .

and lot or lots in t he City of Washington to my beloved

, , ,

wife and h er heirs I give and bequeath my owner

.

ship in the negro e s and people of color held by me to

my dear wife but it is my desire that none of them
,

s hould be sold without his or her consent or in case of ,

their misbehavior e xc ept that infant children may be

,

sold with their parents who consent for them to be

sold with him or her and who consent to be sold
, .

I give all my personal estate of ey ery de scription ,

ornamental as well as useful except as hereinafter

, ,

otherwise given to my dear wi fe and I also give to her

, ,

all my manuscript papers having entire c o nfidence in ,

h er discre e t and prop e r u s e of them but subj ect to the ,

qualification in succee ding clause Consid ering the .

p e culiarity and magnitude of the occa s ion which pro

d u ced the convention at Philadelphia in 1 7 8 7 the ,

characters who composed it the Constitution which ,

re sulted from their deliberation its eff ects during a ,

trial of so many years on the prosperity of the p e ople

living unde r it and the interest it has inspired among
,

the friends of free government it is not an unreasonable ,

inference that a careful and extended report of the

proceedings and discussions of that body which were ,
 A PPE NDIX — MA D I SO N S ’
W ILL . 2 41

with close d doors by a memb er wh o was constant in his

,

attendance wi ll be particularly gratifying to t he people

,

of the U nited S tat e s and t o all who take an interest

in the pro gre s s of p o litical scie nc e and t h e cau s e o f true
liberty it i s my de sire that t h e re port as made by m e
,

s h o uld b e published u n der her auth o rity and dire ction ,

a s t h e publication may yi e ld a con s id e rable am o unt

b eyond the nec e ssary expen se s th ereo f ; I giv e t h e net

proceeds thereo f to my wife charged with t h e following
,

legacies to b e paid out of that fund o nly fi rst I giv e m

to R alph Rand o lph Gurl e y se cretary of the A merican

,

Co lonization S o ciety and to hi s exe cutors and a dmini s

t rat o rs the su m o f two thou s and dollars in tru s t never ,

t h ele s s that h e s hall appropriat e t h e same to t h e use

,

and purpo se s o f t h e said S o ciety whether the s ame ,

be incorporated by law o r no t .

I give fifte en hundred d o llars t o the U niv ersity of

Virginia o ne thou s and do llars to the College at N a s sau
,

H all at Prince ton NewJ ersey and o ne th ousand dollars

, ,

t o t h e College at U niontown Penn s ylvania and it is , ,

my will that if t he said fund should not be su fficient to

pay t h e whole of the three last legaci e s that th ey abate ,

m p ro p o rt io n I further direct that th ere be paid out

.

o f the s am e fu nd to t h e guardian o f t h e thre e sons of

my dec eas ed ne ph ew R obt L M adiso n t he sum o f

, . .
,

three thou s and do llars to be applied t o th eir e ducation

in s uch pro portions a s th eir guardian may think right .

I als o give out o f t h e same fund to my neph ew A mbros e

M adison t w o th ousand dollars t o be appli ed by him to
t h e e ducatio n of his s on s in such prop o rtions as he may
think righ t and I also give out of t h e s ame fun d t he
,

s u m of five hundre d dollar s to e ach of the daughters

of my d e cea s ed niece N elly Baldwin and if t he said

, ,

fund shall not b e sufficient to pay t h e whole of the lega

cies for t h e e ducation of my great nephews a s afo re said
and t h e said legacies to my great niec e s th en they are ,

t o abate in pro portion .

2 42 HI S T O R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

I giv e to the U niver sity of Virgi nia all that porti o n

o f my library of which it has no t copies of t h e s am e

e dition s ,
a nd which may b e thought by the B o ard

of Visitors no t unwo rthy of a place in its library ,

res erving t o my wife the right firs t to s ele ct such

particular b o ok s and pamphlets a s sh e shall ch o o se ,

n o t exceedi ng three hundred volume s .

In c o n sid e ration of the particular and valuable aid s

receiv e d fro m my brother in law J o h n C Payn e and
- -
, .
,

t h e aff e ctio n which I b e ar him I d evi se t o him and hi s

,

h eirs two hun dred and fo rty acre s of land on which h e

lives including t he impro ve ments on s ame on which
, ,

he ha s bestowed c o nsiderable expense to be laid o ff ,

adj oining t h e lands of Reub e n and J ames N ewman

in a co nvenient form for a far m so as to include wood
land and by t he said M r N ewmans
,
. .

I beque ath to my s tep son J o hn Pa yne Todd t he ca s e

O f me dals pre s ent e d m e by my frie n d Ge o rge W Erving .
,

and t h e wa lking s taff made from a timber o f the frigate

Co nstitutio n a nd pre sented m e by Co mmo dore Elliot ,

h er pre s e nt c o mmand e r I desire the gold moun ted

.

walking s taff bequeathed to me by my late frie nd

,

Tho mas J effe rson b e delivered t o Th o mas J Ra nd o lph

, .
,

as well in te s timo ny of the e steem I hav e for him a s of

t h e knowledge I hav e o f t h e plac e h e held in t he a ffect
tion s o f his grand —father .

To re mov e every doubt of wh at i s mea n t by t h e

terms tract of land whereo n I live I h ere d e clare it to
comprehend all land owned by m e and not herein
otherwi s e devise d away .

I app o int my d ear wife t o b e s o le exe cutrix of thi s

my will and de sire that S h e may no t b e require d t o give
security for t he exe cutio n th ereo f and that my e stat e
be not apprai sed .

I n te s timo ny h ere of I hav e th i s fifteenth day of A pril ,

o ne th o usand e ight hu n dre d a nd th irty five signed , ,

 A PPE NDI X — MA D I SO N S ’
W ILL . 2 43

se aled publi shed and declared thi s to b e my last will

,

and te s tament .

J A M E S M AD ISON [S ea l ]
We hav e signed in p re
.

s e nc e of t h e t e stator a nd ,

o f e ach oth er .

R O B E RT T A Y L O R ,

R E U B E N N E WM A N S R , .

R E U B E N N E WM A N J R , .

S I M S B RO C K M A N .

I J ame s M adison do ann ex th is codicil t o my la s t will

, ,

as above and to be taken as part thereof I t is my will .

that t h e nine thousand dollars to be paid by my wife

and di stributed among my nephews and nieces may
be paid into t he Bank of Virginia or into th e Circuit ,

S uperior Co urt of Chancery fo r O range within three ,

years after my d eath I direct that the proc eeds from

.

the sale of my gris t mill and the land annexed s old at

the death of my wife shall be paid to R alph R andolph
,

Gurle y se cretary of the A merican Colonization S ociety

, ,

and to his executors and admin i strators in trust and for

the purposes of the said society whether the same b e ,

incorporated by law or not .

This codicil is written wholly by and signed by my ,

o wn hand this nineteenth day of A pril 1 8 3 5 .

J A M E S M AD IS O N .
 A PPE N D I X D .

“ War o f I 8 I 2 .

S o li ttle is k nown of the part O range playe d in t he

War of 1 8 1 2 that it can all be easily embraced in an
,

append ix I t certainly wa s not conspicuou s ; ye t t he

.

names of such of her s o ns as volunt eered in the war

“
which the N ew England S tate s d e nounc e d a s M adiso n s
’

War ought to be handed down to post erity

,
.

I t wa s a curious coin cidenc e that o ne son o f t he

County M adis on was the chief exe cutive o f t h e nati o n
, , ,

and another J ames B arbour t he chief ex e cutiv e o f t h e

, ,

S tate during this wai

,
William M adi son brother of .
,

the president attained t he rank of maj o r general at

,
-

that period but it is not believed that h e ev e r had a

,

command in action .

F rom an o ffi cial publication by t h e S tate in 1 8 5 2 ,

M uster Ro lls of the Virginia M ilitia in the war of I 8 1

“
the followin g roster is co pied being that o f Capt Wil ,

liam S mith s Company of t h e S e cond R egiment Virginia

’

M ilitia in the Co unty of O range called into actual ser

, ,

vice und er the general orders of t he 2 8t h o f June 1 8 1 3

, , ,

from the sth of J uly till the 1 0t h o f August o ne

month and twelv e days in all .

C A PT W ILLIAM S MI T H
.

L i eu tenan ts S ergea n ts
J OHN T M ANN
.

H AY
.

T ALIAF E RRO .

G E OR G E W S P O T S W OOD
. H E NR Y C ON W A Y
C orne t .
J AM E S Y A G E R
P A T RI C K F I TTY C HAS S S T ON E
. .
 APP E N D I X — WA R OF 1 812 . 2 45

C orp ora ls . P ri vates .

W M S J INKINS T HOS G E TT IN G
M ONRO E H AN C O C K
. . .

T HOS T OM B S
H E NR Y C LARK J OHN C H ARRIS
.

G O H INSK E E P
E . . L I N S F I E L D J ON E S

P ri va tes W M J ON E S
J OHN L E W IS
.
.

D ANL A ND RSON E

R OLAND B RADL E Y J OHN J L E W IS

.

C ON W A Y M O W E R ( or M aw r)
.

P E TE R B O G A RD E R
M OS E S M C K E NN Y
,

J OHN B RADL Y E

JAM E S B RO W N B RA XT ON O S B ORN ( or O b orn)

T HOS B RO W N .
AB N E R PI TT S
W M C LARK E
.
ISAA C R I G H T
J ONA T HAN C A T HIN T HOS S TU B B L E FI E LD
L A W R E N C E S ANDFORD
.

J OHN C LARK E
E D W ARD C OLLIN G W M T ALK E N
L A W R E N C E T ALIAF E RRO
.

JA C O B D A V IS
H ORAT IO D AD E H A Y T ALIAF E RRO
J OHN D I C KSON W M T A Y LOR
.

W M F OARD JAM E S W ALL E R

F RAN C IS F ORD
.

JAM E S W E BB
W M FA N O O NE R
. B
JOHN H W E E KS .

Th e ame Co lli ng o ught probably to b e Collin s and

n ,

Right Wright ; the spelling of the roll is followed

, .

W illiam F Taylo r was commis sioned an ensign o f .

infantry in 1 8 1 3 ( Calendar S tate Papers ) .

, .

Th ere was als o a company of mo un ted rifl em en

fro m the Co unty commande d by Capt William S tev e ns , . .

Thi s co mpany of t h e Third Virginia R egiment was

s tationed at H ampton for two months in 1 8 1 4 but , , ,

diligent s earch ha s failed to discov er a roll A mong .

“ ”
t h e O range Petitions in the S tate L ibra ry is o ne from
Charle s M Webb of this company which sets o u t t he
.
, ,

fact s here state d Webb s horse impaled it s elf and .

’

died from his wo und s and his p e titio n for pay for it ,

wa s rej e ct ed .
2 46 HI S T O R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

Application was made t o the War D epartment ,

through th e courtesy o f S enator Thomas S M artin for .

,

a roster of this company but without succe s s there

, ,
“
being a lack of clerical force yet others than t he
o fficial force are not permitted to examine the file s ,

which is as it should be .
 A PPE N D I X E .

War o f t he Re v o l u t i o n .

In thi s app endix nam e s are s o metime s duplicate d , ,

no doubt ye t it i s impo s s ibl e now t o tell wh e t h e r per

,

so ns of the same name were always t h e s ame perso n .

Authorities are gen erally given that sta tements may

b e v e rifie d .

I t is not assumed that this reco rd is e xh au stiv e but ,

it is believed to be much the fulles t that has yet appeared .

Unfortunately the o ffi cial re co rds o f t he Revo lution ,

which are fairly complete in the S tate Land O ffice and

Library se ldom di s clo s e t h e c o unty from wh ich t h e
,

so ldiers came and h e nce a re not useful e xc e pt fo r

, ,

comparison in compiling a ro ste r o f thi s kind

,
.

P ermis si o n w a s asked t o e xamin e the file s of t h e

departments at Wa sh in gt o n I t was refu sed o n t h e .

ground t h at t h e rolls hav e b e come s o fragi le that hand

ling them i s v e ry injuriou s ; yet t h e Gov e rnment does
not publish them and t h e archiv e s o f t h e S tate and
,

County are the only re so urc e O f t h e inv e stigato r .

The fo llowing perso ns are named in t he ord er books ,

at t he indicate d date s as bein g active participant s ,

in the Revolution The o rd ers are gre atly cond e n se d . .

J E R E C HANDL E R
— S T A V E S ( TW O o n f W id w S ta
,
n a m e s n o t gi
s s o o v es ,
v en .
)
J OS E PH E DMONSON
F RAN C IS MC CL A R N E Y
1 779 S OLOMON G ARR E TT
— H E NSL E Y ( s o n f J ane )
.

o .

J OHN T RA C E Y Die d in s r ic . e v e .

J AM E S C HISHAM ( Chi ho lm ) Di e d in s e r ice in 7 8

s . v
’

W M R OSSON Di e d in s e r ice
. . v .
2 48 HI S TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

J OHN B ARN E TT
J OSIAH L ANDR U M
JAM E S L I NT O R
R O B E R T W A TT S Die d in s e rv ice
A M B ROS E W HI T E Die d in V a Re gt o f Gu ard s
. .

J OHN B U SH 7 t h V a ; di e d in C o ntinen tal s e rv ice

. . .

. .

C A T L E TT J ON E S No t w o un de d in p u blic s erv ice ; di s co n

.

t inu e d fro m p e ns i o n li s t as able t o e a rn his liv ing ,

J OHN G ROOM L o s t leg ; en titled t o p ensi o n .

A NDR E W L E A C H P ens io ne r; d e ad
.

. .

W ILLIAM P ALM E R P ens io ne r; lo s t le g . .

F I NL A S O N S L E E T Allo w e d f; 5 fo r acting as adj u tant fo r S ix

. 0

ye ars fro m 7 7 7 1 .

JAM E S G AIN E S Allow e d 5 3 s cle rk f co urt m artial fi e

. 0 a o - v

ye ars
J OHN M ILL E R Die d o f w o un d s re c e i v e d in U n ite d S tat s
.

. e

s e r ic e
v J u di th his wife p ens io ne d
W M B OLLIN G E nlis t d in d Va F e b y 7 7 7 ; die d A u g
.
, , .

e 2 1
1 7 92 . . . . .

7 8 in s e rv ice
’

P E A C H Y B L E DSO E S e rgt in 2 d r gim en t (p ro e d fo re go ing

.
,

. . e ,
v

item )
JAM E S B U R T ON S o ath as t o his s erv ice
.

’
1 81 1 . .

W ILLIAM C AM PB E LL S o ath ; bo th Captains ’

J E SS E T HORN T ON In Capt S p n ce r s Co 7 t h Va in 7 6 as
.

’ ’
. . e . .
,

fi fe m aj o r; s r e d t o e n d o f w ar e v

H E RMAN V A W T E R S ergt in 7 th Va
.

. . 1 .

J OH N AT KINS Age d 69 ; in Capt G eo S t u b b lefi e ld s C O

. . .
’
.

st h Va in 7 6 dis charge d in 7 8
’ ’

T HOMAS M ARSH
. .
,

Age d 7 ; in Capt Th o s Gask in s C o . 2 . .

’
.
,

s e rv e d 3 y e a rs ; di s cha rge d i n N C in batt le s o f T re n t o n

B randyw ine Germ antown ; re enlis te d in cav alry and
. .
,

-
,

s e r e d till e n d o f w a r
v

J OS E PH T HOMAS Age d 6 ; enlis te d in 7 6 in 2 d V a Con t

.

’
1

R e gt Capt F ran cis T aylo r s Co

. . .

s e r e d till 7 8 ; d is
’ ’
v

ch arge d at Valle y F o rge Pa ; in battles o f B randyw ine

. .
.
, ,

.
,

an d G e rm an t o w n

J OHN B O U RN Age d 66 ; enlis te d 7 6 d V a Co ntl Capt

.

’
.
,
2 . .
, .

T ayl o r s C o ; s e r e d till 8
’
capture d at Charles to n S C v
’
1

J U LIAN o r J U LI U S K IN G Age d 6 ; enlis te d in 7 7 3 d R e gt

. .
.
,
’
2

Ligh t D rago ons Co l G eo B aylo r; s erv e d 3 ye ars ; battle

. .
, , ,

. .
,

o f Ge rm an tow n .
 APP N I X— W A R E H R V LU T I N
D 9 OF T E E O O . 2 4

1 8 18 W M K NI H T ON Ag d li t d
G Capt G a t e 62 ; en s e
’

7 8 in . r n
’
s Co
Va C
. .

al
1 6t h V d y a battl b nt l so in 3 d a ; s e rv e 3 e rs ; e of

M m th
. . .

ig
on C a l t wh ou w ma ,
an d s e e of h r es on , e re he as de
pi r s o ne r

J OH N NO W Ag d F a ci ayl
.

S li t d e 59 ; en s e
’

76 r n s T or s
’
Co ;
cha g d at Vall y F g battl
.
.
,

d y as e rv e 2 e rs ; di s r e e or e ; es

B a dywi
,

G ma t w
r n n e a nd er n o n

C HARL S M U R H Y Ag d
.

E li t d Capt J h P e 72
'

en s e in
’

7 7 in o n
Va
. .

CO
G illa s o n d y a aft wa d ’
s . 1 0t h s e rv e 3 e rs ; er r s in 6t h
R g till di cha g d at C m b a d
e t H s r e u e rl n o ld C in
’
82 '

B a dy i G m a t w M m th
. . .

battl es of r n w ne , er n o n, on ou

M ANSFI LD Ag d
.

G EO li t d Capt J am E e 59 ; en s e
’
81 in es

t R gt Light D rag
. . .

Gun n s C ’
n ; rv d ti ll 83 ;
o . Is e . oo s se e
’

battl f Gui lf rd C H nd Cam d n

es o o . . a e .

J OHN D F IT Z PA T R I C K D d c n yin g bo un ty land in Illi

. . ee o ve

n i s T rrit o ry o e

P T R M ON T A G U E Age d 8 5 ; enli te d in 7 7 in Capt Al x

.

’
E E s e

d V a R gt ; er d 3 y e ars ; battl
. . .
,

Parker C ’
s f o . 2 . e . s ve e o

S a ann ah v .

J AM S C HIL E S Ag d 7 ; pr d y ar r ic in R lu
E . e 0 ove 2 e s se v e evo

tion o n t h ath f e o o

f L u i a ; i n am c m pan y with hi m
,

S T ARK W R I G H T E , o o s s e o .

Al the following during thi s year prov e d

so , , two
years service '

ZA CHARIAH T A Y LO R ,

J E R E MIAH W HI T E
J AM E S H AN E Y
,

R I C HARD G OODALL
AB SALOM R OA C H ,

J OHN D A V IS ,

JAM E S J ON E S ,

PHIL E MON R I C HARDS

JAM E S D ANI E L
G E O N E W MAN
.
,

J OHN S MI T H
R O BT M ANSFI E LD
,

W M D A V IS
.
,

R I C HA R D W HI T E ,

W M JAR R E LL
.
,
2 50 HI S TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

J OHN W ILLIAMS ag d 7 8 e

K E NN E T H S O UT H E RLAND
,

7 ,
0

W ILLIAM W A YT 7 1

W ILLIAM F ISH E R
,

75 ,

G E O S H E RMAN.
7 , 1

D R C HARL E S T A Y LOR Arm S u rge o n y

G E O M ORRIS
. .
,

PE T E R A PPE RSON
W ILLIAM R ANDALL ag d 7 4 ,
e

C H U R C HILL G ORDON m ids hipm an , .

W M P ARRO TT
M ORD E C AI B AR B O U R pensione r
.

.
,

R O B E R T C LARK

The following names are co llected fro m the O range

”
Petition s on file in the S tate Library
, .

T Ho s B U SH e n sign Capt D u dl e y s C o m pan y d Va

’

_ 2

T H ORN B E RR Y B OLIN G s am e C o m pan y

. .
, , , .

P E A C H Y B L E DS O E s ergt Capt N athaniel Welch s C o s am e Re gt

.
,
’
.
, .
, .
, .

C A T L E TT J AM E S p ensi one r
J A R O T M OR T ON re gu lar F ran ci s T ayl o r s Co m p anv
.
,
’

W M B OLIN G m inu te m an
, , .

J E SS E B OLI N G m in u te m an
. .
,

R E U B E N F INN E LL m i nu t e m an an d re gu la r
.
,

J OHN F INN E LL m inu te m an an d re gular

.
,

, .

G E O D O U G LAS
W M B OHON
.

J OHN B OHON
.

B E N J AMIN B OHON
W M T WIS D E L L
.

Th e fo llo wing list compiled from records of t h e War ,

D epartment is copied from t he V I I Virginia H ist

,

t o ri cal M agazin e page 2 4 et c so m e c o rre c t io ns h av ing

, , .
,

b ee n made as to re sidence W here ra nk is not given .

private soldier is understo o d .

C A PT G ARLAND B U RNL E Y C A PT JAM E S B U RT ON

C A PT M A Y B U R T ON C A PT C HARL E S B R U C E
. .

C A PT B E LL E FI E LD J OHN B E ADL E S
. .

.
 A PPE N D I X— WA R OF T HE RE V O LU TI O N . 2
51

C A PT C O U RS E Y
. K NN E T H S O UT H E RLAND
E

C A PT W M C AM PB LL E C A PT J OHN S U L T
C A PT F RAN C IS C O W H E RD
. . .

. CA PT . S PE NC E R
C OK R E C A PT J OS PH S P E N C E E R

B E LL FI E LD C A V E
.

E C OL S TU B B L FI E LD E

L I E UT B E LL FI LD C A V L I UT B E N J S MI T H
.

. E E E E . .

J AM S C HIL S
E E C OL T A Y LOR
.

C RA V E NS C OL J AM S T A Y LOR E

L I E UT C OL F RAN C IS T A Y LOR
.

J OHN D A V IS -

C OL TA Y LOR 3 d V a
. .

C A PT R E UB E N D ANI L E

W M F ISH E R L I E UT W M T A Y LO R
. . .
,

L T J OHN G OOD E LL [G o dall] C A PT F RAN C I S T A Y LO R

. . .

. o . .

R C HD G OOD E LL [G dall]
I oo E NSI G N J OHN T A Y LOR
C A PT R E U B E N H A W KINS Z A C H Y T A Y LOR
.

L I UT Z A C H H E RNDON F RAN C IS T A C K E T
. .

E T

C A PT B N J AMIN J OHNSON
. .

. E C OL T E M PL E
.

J A M E S J O NE S C A PT R I C H W E LL D

C A PT A M B ROS E M ADISON
. .

L I UT G E O W AR
E

C A PT F RAN C IS M OOR L I E UT ( Co rp ral) R I C H R D

. . .

E o A

G E O N E W MAN
. .

W HI T E

C A PT N E LS ON
.

. C A PT J OHN W A U G H
.

W M R OA C H
. C A PT G E OR G E W A U G H
.

AB SALOM R OA C H J E R E W HI T E
PHIL E MON R I C HARDS L I E UT R I C H W HI T D E

L I E UT W M W HI T
.

C APT J OHN S C O TT E

J OHN S NO W
. . .

S R G T J OH N W ILLIAMS
E .

A Mu ter Roll of s M adi so n s Co m C apt . Ambro se

’

pany o f foot in the R egiment of Volunteer s Guards at

the Barracks in Albemarle Cou nty whereof Co l F rancis ,
.

Taylor is Commander to J une 1 1 7 7 9 O riginal in , , .

possession of M r J ohn Willis of Gord o n sville h is .

, ,

great grandson .

C A PT A M B ROS M ADISO N E C rp r l o o a s

L I E UT JAM E S B U R T ON
.

. A M B ROS W HI T E E

E NSI G N J OHN G OODALL R I C HD Q U INN

N ORMAN K IDD
.

S rg n ts e ea

J OH N S N O W P ri t va es

J OHN W A YT J E D IT HO N C AN T R B R R Y E E

J AM S G OODALL
E A M B ROS L U C AS E
2
5 2 HI S T O R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

Pri va tes P ri va tes

J AM E S F A R G U S O N C AL E B J E NNINS
J OHN B ARN E TT W M H ARRIS .

J OHN D A V IS J OHN Y O U N G
L E W IS D A V IS W M B ALLARD
Z A C HA L E W IS J AS M C G INN E SS
.

WM H AYNE B AN L NNA M n t j ined

. .

.
E A ,
o o .

J ONA T HAN R OA C H A L E X W HI T E d s rte d th ,

e e 12

W M G OODALL. Ap ril .

D A V ID R OA C H S T ARK R I G H T
J OHN L AN E R E U B N R OA C H di dE st h e 1

D A V ID V A W T E R
,

Ap ril
JAM E S H AN E Y
.

A L E X MA C K N N Y E

AB SALOM R OA C H
wo rn t o be fo r
S e m e t h is 2 2d day of J u ly 1 7 79 by J am es B t
ur o n ,

Li u t e n a n t
e .

T HE O K . B LAN D , C olonel-C omm a ndi ng ,

P os t C harlottesvi lle

A Roll of
Capt F rancis Taylor s Company enli s ted
.
’

betwe en J any 2 9 and M arch 1 7 1 7 7 6 from a MS

.
, ,
.

account b oo k and papers in Va S tate Library . .

E nli s ted by F T
. A Y LOR .

E D W ARD B ROAD U S T HO MAS M ORRIS

JAM E S Q U INN J AM E S B E ASL E Y
J E R E MIAH C o x A C HILL E S F OS T E R
T U RN E R T HOMASON G E OR G E B ROOKS
J OH N A LMAND S T E PH E N H AM
E LISHA E S T E S H E NR Y R U SS E LL
J OS E PH H AR V E Y B E N J AMI N D A W SON
T HOMAS B ALLARD R I C HARD C HA NDL E R
J AM E S B ROAD U S W B O W LIN G
T HORN B E RR Y B O W LIN G
.

W ILLIAM D A V IS
B E LL S IMMONS W ILLIAM W ARD
T HOMAS S H E L T ON L E W IS P I N E S
W I LLIAM M E DL E Y JAM E S L ON G
R O B E R T D A W S ON
 APP E N D I X— W A R OF T HE RE V O LU T I O N . 2
53

E nli s ted b y WILLIAM T A Y LOR .

J OHN G ILLO C K W ILLIAM H AR V E Y

R O B E R T C HANDL E R B E N J AMIN CA V E NA U G H
W ILLIAM S A W Y E R W ILLIAM M AR T IN
L E ONARD S AL E T HOMAS B R DLO V E EE

E D W ARD AT KINS ( in s e rv ic e ) T HOMAS S HI P

H O W ARD B L E DSO E L E W IS W ILLIS
.

J OHN F INN E LL E V AN B RAMHAM

A L E XAND E R T H OMAS J AM E S JA C KSON
L E W IS C OOK JA C O B B U RR U S
S AM U E L C LA YT ON J OHN S NO W
P RA T H U G H E S T HOMAS F L MA N EE

JAM E S C O U R T N E Y
E nli s ted by B N J AMIN P ORT
E ER

res i gn ed A ug . 2 8 ,
1 7 76 .

JAM E S W E LSH RE UB N H A W KINS

E

T HO MAS P OR T E R E LISHA H A W KINS

P E RR Y P A TT E RSON G RARD M OR T ON
E

F RAN C IS M C LARN E Y J OHN H AMMOND

W ILLIAM F INN E LL W ILLIAM M ORRIS
J OS E PH PRI C E J OS E PH T HOMAS
H E NR Y B ARN E TT JAM E S B ARN TT E

J OH N B O W E N J OHN C H O W NIN G
E nli s ted by F RAN C IS C O W H E RD .

W ILLIAM T O W NSH E ND S HADRA C H H ILL

J AM S B RO W N
E B E NJA R U C K E R
.

S AML W ARR E N J ONA T HAN D A V I S

JAM S B ROOKS
.

E JAM E S D E E RIN G
M I C HA E L G A V IN
Th e ame s J ames G ibbon s and J am e s Barton and
n , ,

Elij ah D e er J ohn B o yd take n in place o f Thoma s

, ,

Porter wh o de serted
, .

Wm Taylor and Benj amin Porter we re lieutenants ;

.

and F ranci s Co wh erd en s ign ; J ame s Burto n a cadet

, , .
 2
54 HI S TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

Pay roll o f Captain Francis Taylor s Company of the ’

2 d Virginia Battalion from t he 2 8 J anua ry to the ,

2 8 F ebruary 1 7 7 7 ,(Vo l V I Va H i st M agazin e

. .
, . .

page
F RAN C IS T A Y LOR captain 4 D o lla rs
, , 0 .

W ILLIAM T A Y LOR fi rs t lie u te n an t 7 2

F RAN C IS C O W H E RD s e con d lieu tenan t 7

, ,

J AM E S B U R T ON en s ign
,

, ,
2 0

S AM U E L C LA YT ON s e rge an t
J AM E S B ROAD U S s erge an t
,

, ,

JAM E S W E L C H se rge an t , ,

J E R E MIAH C O X d rumm e r ,

JAM E S Q U IN c orp oral

E V AN B RAMHAM c o rp o ral
, ,

, ,

T HOMAS S H E L T ON c o rp o ral
J OHN B RO W N c orp o ral
, ,

, ,

Pr v i at es D o lla rs .

A R C HI L L E S F OS T
H NR Y R U SS E LL
E J OS E P H H E NR Y
G E OR G E B ROOKS
R ANSD E LL ABB O T
W ILLIAM M E DL E Y
W ILLIAM W ARD
T HOMAS M C C LANAHAN
R O B E R T W HI T E
E R T U RN E R T HOMASON
S HADRA C H H ILL
B E N J AMIN D A W SON
T H OMAS M ORRIS
J OHN F INN E L
T HORN B E RR Y B O W LIN G
JAM S D RIN G
E EE

A NDR E W H ARRISON T H OMAS B R E E DLO V E

S T E PH E N H AM JA C O B B U RR U S
E LI J AH D E E R E LISHA E S T E S
L E ONARD S AL E W ILLIAM M AR T IN
J OH N A LMAN D J OHN S NO W
G E RARD M OR T ON T HOMAS F L E MAN E

E LISHA H A W KINS L E W IS PI N E S
R O B E R T C HANDL E R J O L F OS T E R
E

JAM E S B RO W N J AM E S JA C KS ON
J OHN C H O W NIN G T H OMAS B ALLARD
J OHN G ILLO C K JAM E S B E AZL E Y
S AM U E L W ARR E N W ILLIAM T U RN E R
W ILLIAM M ORRIS E D W A RD B ROAD U S
J OS E PH T HOMAS P E RR Y P A TT E RSON
JAM E S L ON G W ILLIAM D A V IS
H E NR Y B ARN E TT JA M E S G I BB ONS
 A PPE N D I X— WA R O F T HE RE V O LU T I ON 2 55

HU M PHE Y S HA Y 2 8 D ec 1 777, 1 35 D lla rso O f t he I st Vi g r

B attali d d
, .
, . .

on Or e re to j in m y C
o o mp by G n L e

Ma y
. .

J OHN J OHNSON 2 8 J an 1 776 D o llar O f C l s o R all ’

s r

la d B atta i m p y at B altim r
, .
, . .

n l on O rd t o j in m y C
. o o . o e, Md .

The ab o ve is a j us t P y R ll a o

F RAN
.

( S igne d ) C IS T A Y LO R .

W ILLI AM M O RT O N a nce s tor of t h e M o rto ns o f O range , ,

was a Rev o lutio nary o fficer and was killed o n Clarke s ,

’

M ountain while attemptin g to arre st a deserter named

N ixon who fled to W e st Virginia and change d h i s
name to M ixon .

PHILI P M ALLORY tak n

2 d L t in 1 777 ; I st Lt 1 778 ; Capt 1 7 79 ; e

( H itm an )
. .
, .

pri s n r at Charl s t n 7 8 ; er d t o clos e

o e e o 1 0 s ve o f w ar . e .

D A V ID PANNILL captain o f a rtill ry Re c i d larg b o un ty

,
e . e ve e

land grants aft r t h w ar He w a t h un cl o f t h Da id Pannil l

e e s e e e v

( Va
.

wh w o t h m at rn al grandfath r f G n J E B S t u a rt
as e e e o e

Land O ffi c )
. . . . . .

e .

W M T E RR E LL d Lt st h Va D 7 76; r ign d
2 7 78 ec 1 es e 1

( H itm an )
. . . .
, .

e .

W M S T E V E NS s t L t ; P ri n r at Charl t n ( H itm an )
.
,
I . so e es o . e

Th r w as a dis t rib u ti n o f s alt by t h gene ral C mm itt

e e f o e o ee o

S afe ty i n M arch 7 7 6 wh n O ran g w c r dit d with 6 m ilitia

1 e e as e e 00

d 3 bus h l f alt ( Cal ndar Va S tate Pap r V II I

,

a n d re c e i ve 00 e s o s . e . e s . .

Captain S p encer nd T aylo r with th ir u balt rn fficer Ap ril

s a ,
e s e o s, 1

1 7 7 6 all w e d till t h e
,
o t h i n s tan t t c m pl t th ir c m pani 2 o o o e e e o es .

Th c m panies w r r i w d M y 8
e o nd th
e e ffic r c m m i i n d
ev e e a a e o e s o ss o e

Abram M aury adjt C ontin n tal Lin

, .

, ( I bid V I . e e . . .

In 78 1T h om as B arb o u r ( C un ty Li u t n an t I b i d IV 6 3 9 )
1 ,
o e e ,
. .

r p o rts t h
e p eo ple badly arm d b cause t h m n rd r d in to r
e e e e e o e e se v

i c e w er r qu i re d t o ca rry th ir a rm b u t n t all w d t b rin g th m

e e e s o o e o e

back All cl o thing r qu ir d had b en c ll ct d nd d li r d and

. e e e o e e a e ve e ,

t h C o un ty h d furni h d i t s ful l q u o ta o f m e n thi rty

e a s n up ne ,
-
sev e , o

t h e la s t call Tw h d ab c n d d an d n b cam i n an
. o a ( 1bi d s o e o e e e s e . .

II .
 2 56 HIS TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

I n M r Wm K yle A nders on s book o n the R ob e rtso n

. .
’

and Taylor families is this re markable acc o unt of t h e ,

O range Taylors in t h e Revolution .

Ge o rg T ayl e o r, m em ber Of t he C o mm itte e of S af ty

e
*
,
was t he
fath r f tw l
e o e ve s o ns , o n e of who m di e d b e fo r e t he Re v o lu ti on ,

a nd o n e w as o nl y thi rt n y ars f g
ee e o a e wh n t h e e w ar en d d Th e . e

o th er ten all vo l u n t e r d an d e r d i n
e e s ve t he Re v o l u ti on a s f ll w o o s :

J AM E S s e rge ant m aj o r
,
-
J OHN lie u te nan t in n av y
,

J ONA T HAN lie u ten an t ,

W ILLIAM m aj o r ,

E DM U N D captain C HARL E S su rge on

F RAN C IS co lonel
, ,

R E U B E N captain
B E N J AMIN midshipm an
, ,

R I C HARD captai n i n n a v y
, ,

Th e same book is authority also fo r th e s e Taylo rs :

J AM E S c o l o ne l ; R I C HARD lieu ten ant c lo nel father -
o of G e ne r al
Z achary T aylo r; JOHN captain
, , ,

.
,

Revolu ti onary Pens i oners fr m Or ng o a e .

( F rom Rep ort of S ecretary o f Wa r'

U n de r A c ts 1 785 , 1 8 1 6 .

T HOMAS P HILLI PS in v alid ,

A L E X AND E R T U RN E R i n alid v

U n der A ct o f 18 1 8 .

E LI J AH A L V IS W ILLI M KN I G HT E R [ Kni gh t on ]
A

C HARL E S M U R PH Y
.

J OHN AT KINS
J OHN B O U RN G E O M ANSFI LD E

F RAN C IS H U G HS P E T E R M ON T A G U
.

J U LIAN ( o r J u liu s ) K IN G

All p ri at v es t he Vi gi r n ia Li n e .

* G eo r e g T yl
a o r w a s no t a m em b er o f th e comm itt ee .
 A PPE N D I X — WA R OF RE V O LU T I O N 2 57

U nder A c t of 1 83 2 .

NI C HOLAS BI C K E RS JAM E S N LSON E

JAM E S C HIL E S G EO . N W MAN E

W M C RI TT E ND E N wagon m as
.
, J ONA T HAN P RA TT
t er AB SALOM R OA C H
J OHN D A V IS p riv ate , J OHN S MI T H
ISAA C D A V IS s enr li eu ten an t G E O S H E AMAN
B LAND S HIFL E T
.
, , .

captain
JAM E S D ANI E L Z A C HARIAH T A Y LOR
W M F ISH E R
. J E R E W HI T E .

R I C HARD G OOD E LL [G o o dall] T HOMAS W ALK E R

R I C HARD H ILL J OHN W ILLIAMS s erge ant
JAM E S H AN E Y
,

R I C HARD W HI T E ( co rp o ral , ,

W M JARR E LL Sign lieu ten an t)

R O BT M ANSFI E LD
.
,

. W M W A YT
.

All p ri at s e xcept as o th rwise i ndicat d

v e ,
e e .

Gre n y t a part o f O ran g

e e e e .

Ofii cers P ens i o ned A , ct o f M ay , 1 82 8 .

J AM E S B U R T ON captain Die d 1 8 2 9 widow E lizab e th

F RAN C IS C O W H E RD captain Died 8 3 3 widow Lu cy
.
, , , .

, . 1 , , .

W M W HI T E captain Die d 1 8 2 8
.
, .
,

Revolu ti on ary P ens i oners Res i di ng i n Ora nge C ens u s , 1 8 40.

J OHN A LMOND PHIL E MON R I C HARDS

L U C Y C O W H E RD D ANL Y O U N G .

S U SAN C AM P B E LL G OR G W A U G H li u ten ant

E E ,
e

W M C RI TT E ND E N
. n d captai n w h
a m a rri e d , o

JAM E S C HIL E S E lizab th B o s t o n an d di e d e

W M F ISH E R File
,

in 8 4 — Wid ow s
’
1 1

G E O M ORRIS
.

. num b r 9 8 7 3 w as als o e -

J ONA T HAN P RA TT a p en ioner s .

 A PPE ND I X F

C o m m i ss i o n s ,
1
7 34 I 8
7 3 .

I 735
E n s i gns :
G OODRI C H L I G H T FOO T
M OR G AN M O RG AN F RAN IS M I HA
C C E L
R O B E R T C A V E li u t o f h e . o rs e PHILI B U SH P
,

1 738 1 742
J OHN LE W IS JAM E S TT ON c l
PA , o o ne l ,
A u

gus ta C un ty o
C ap tai ns :
JOHN R U C K E R C ap tai ns :
E DM U ND S P E N C E R J OHN B U C HANNON
G OODRI C H L I G H T FOO T J OHN S MI T H
B R Y AN S ISS ON S AML G A Y
.

Li eu tenan ts : JAM E S C A T H E Y
C HRIS T O PH E R Z I MM E RMAN J OHN C HRIS T IAN
G E O M OR T ON E D W ARD S P E N C E R
F RAN C IS M I C HA E L cornet H E NR Y F I E LD
.

R O B R T S LA U G H T E R m aj o r
E R O BT G R E E N
H U G H T HOM PS ON
, .

1 741
H ENR Y D O W NS captain PE T E R S HOLL
W M B E LL c om e t O f ho rse
,

J OHN W ILS ON
W M B ev erle y co u n ty lieu t en J OHN M C D O W E LL
. .
,

.
,

an t O ran ge an d A u
,
R O B E R T E AS T HAM
gu s ta C o untie s JAM E S G ILL
T H OS C H E W c o l onel G E O T A Y LOR
A NDR E W C AM PB E LL
.
.
,

R OR T S LA U G H T E R lie u t en ant
,

c o l on e l T HOS R UT H E RFORD
J OH N H I B S
.

J OHN F I NL A S O N m aj o r ,

W M R U SS E LL captain
.
,
J OH N P I C K E NS
R I C HD W1 NS L O W captain
.
, ISAA C PE NNIN G T ON
G EO D O G G E TT li e u t enant g ,
J OHN D EN T ON
/5
.
 AP P E N D I X — MILI TA R Y CO MM I S S I O N S 2
59

C ap tai ns : L i eu ten a n ts :
T HOS L o w W M C RO C K TT E

L E W IS N E IL D A V ID V A U N C E
. .

G E O A ND E RSON E ns igns :
R I C HA R D M OR G AN
.

G EO SC O TT
R O B E R T B RA C K E NRID G E
.

S AML F A R G U S O N
.

J E R E MIAH S MI T H W M D U N C AN
.

T HOMAS A SH BY W M A ND E RSON
F RAN C IS M OOR E
.

R I C HARD W OODS
J OS E PH C OAL T ON J OHN R O B E R T S
J OHN B RO W N R I C HARD Y AR B ORO U G H
D ANL MC KE E R E P E T E R R U SS E LL
J OHN M A TT H E W S J OHN F U NK
.

SA ML BA LL J AM E S W OOD c ol one l o f h rs e o

D ANL H ARRISON
.
,

an d f t oo

J OHN L E W IS colon l o f fo o t
.

R O BT ORA V AN e

M OR G AN M OR G AN m aj or
.
,

A L E X DU NLO P .
,

W M E V ANS
. J OHN B U C KA NN O N li u ten an t ,
e

Li eu tenan ts : c lonel f fo o t
o o

J OHN M OFF E TT I 743

W M E V ANS C ap tai ns :
G E O M OR T ON
. B T
RO E R S C O TT
PHILI P C LA YT ON W M L I NO V E L L
B NJ
.

T HOMAS J ON E S E A LS OR

C Z IMM E RMAN
.

. L i eu ten an ts :
C HAS D E W I TT J OHN D O BB IN
B E N J R O B E RT S
.

. T HOMAS W E S T
R O B E R T S C O TT
T HOS J ON E S . J OHN W A TT S
J OHN Q U INN C ornets :
G E O H O B SON T HOS L INO V E L L
JA C O B H I T E H ARRISON
. .

T HOS
J OHN H ARRISON
.

S AML M ORRISS . C ap tai ns :

J OS E PH C AR T E R J OHN K ARR
E D W ARD W A TT S W M S MI T H
T HOS S W E ARIN G E N B E N J B ORD E N
.

.
.

R O B E R T J ON E S L i eu tenan t:
W M PE YT ON
. G EO . SC O TT
2 60 HISTO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

T he claim
Capt J o hn S mith and his c om pany Capt J ohn
s of .
, .

C hris tian and hi c m pany o f Capt J ohn Wils on f Capt J ohn G u y

s o o

f Capt B o hann on o f L i u t J u s t S t p h o ni c us
, , .

a nd hi s c o m pa n y ,
o e e

S m ith and o f Li u t J hn D u glas rd r d t b c rtifi d t t he

.
, .

, e . o o o e e o e e e o

G e n ral A s m b ly
e se .

C a p tai ns : I 7 SS
W M T H OM PSON . J E R E MIAH M OR T O N captain ,

A N T H ON Y G ARN E TT J AS W ALK E R lie u ten ant

A NDR E W B Y RD li u tenant
.
,

e I 7 S7
F RAN I S M OOR m aj
,

I 7 4S C E or

R I HARD B AR B O U R captai
,

W M J AM E SON captain
.
,
C , n

J OH N W E T H E R E LL nsig n e Li eu ten a n ts :

R U S T H U DSON
,

I 749
G E O TA . Y LOR , li e u tenan t co lo J OHNN Y SCO TT
ne l

1 7 58 . Th e C u rt p u rchas d thi rty s n m usk ts f r t h u

o e -
ev e e ,
o e se o f t he
m ilitia un able t o p ro vi de th em s l s with gu ns fo r g 3 e ve ,
1 . 1 55 .

L i eu ten a n ts
C a p tai ns : HAY ALIAF E RRO T
RE U B E N D ANI L E T HOMAS M E RR Y
T HOS J AM E SON . 1 770
J OHNN Y S C O TT J OH N B E LL captain ,

1 7 62 1 772
JAS W ALK E R captain
.
,
C HARL E S B R U C E captain ,

J AS S U G G E TT lie u ten an t
.
,
1 773
i 1 7 63 T HOS J AM E SON e ns ign
Militia
.

m arche d to A u gu s ta .

1 7 64 C a p tai ns :
WM T ALIAF E RRO co lone l Z A H Y T A Y LOR
C

V I V IAN D ANI
.
,

1 7 67 L E

J AM E S M ADISON c o u nty ,
li e u J ONA T HAN T A Y LOR lie u te n an t 7

ten an t I 777
C a ptai ns : Re c o mm e n d e d t o t he Go ern v

W M M OOR E o r f r app o i n tme n ts :

o

N AT HANI E L M ILLS captain

. ,

J AM E S T A Y LOR as

v ic V Dani l res ign d

,

Z A C HAR Y T A Y LOR l i eu tenan t e e e

S AML B RO CKMA N li eu t n an t
. .
, ,

1
7 68 .
,
e

C aptai ns : T OLI V E R C RAI G Vi ce U riel

W
L A R E N C E T ALIAF E RRO M all ry r signed o e

M OOR
.
,

WM . E
 A PPE N D I X — MILI T A R Y CO MM I S S I O NS 2 61

R I C HARD C RI TT E ND E N W E B B ,
ZA H Y H E RNDON captain v ice
C , ,

s li u t n an t
a e e . J o hnn y S co tt resigne d , .

J OS E PH P ARRISH n ign e s R I C HARD G RA V E S captain Vice

Cha s B ru c resigne d
, , ,

L i eu ten an ts : . e, .

R C WE B B L ie u ten a n ts :
M AN OAH S IN G L T ON BT M ILL E R
. .

E RO
M A Y B U RT ON
.

W M S MI T H
R O BT M ILL R WM YOU NG
.

. E .

R O BT D ANI L E J OHN PRO C T E R

B E N ONI H ANSFORD B N ONI H ANSFORD
.

JAM E S H A W KINS p rom o t d n grad e o e e .

R O BT J OHNSON E ns i gns :
W M B U C KN R
.

E W HI T E
R I C HD
R O BT M AR T IN
. .

G E O S TU BB L FI LD
. E E .

R I C HARD G RA V E S I 7 79
J AM E S H A W KINS JAM E S H A W KINS captain ,

G E O WAU G H L ieu ten a n ts :

C AL E B L INDSA Y
.

AB N E R P OR T R E

Z A C HAR Y S HA C KL E FORD C HAS P ORT E R J R .

, .

R O B E R T T H OMAS captai n ,
R I C HD PRI C . E

E ns i gns : G E O WAUG H
R E U B N M OOR E
.

RO B E R T T HOMAS E

J AM E S H E AD B E LL E FI E LD C A V E
A M B ROS E B U RT ON E ns i gn s :
J OHN PRO C T OR C AL E B S ISSON
T HOMAS C HAM B E RS J OHN S C O TT
W M W RI G H T R I C HARD M OOR E PRI C E

R O BT M ILL E R captain V i ce
.

1 7 78
ZA H Y B U RNL E Y C o un ty Lie u B nj H e ad r igned
.
, ,

C e es

te nan t v ice J am es M adi M A Y B U RT ON and R I C E D

. .
, ,

.
,

s o n re s ign e d W HI T E p r m t d o o e

L A W R E N C E T ALIF E RRO lie u

. .
, ,

R C W E BB captai n i c T l v e o

te n an t co lo nel v ice B urn

, . .
, ,

-
,
i r Craig r ign d
ve ,
es e .

le y p ro m o te d L i eu tena n ts :
T HOS B AR B O U R m aj o r v ice
.
,

JAS P ARRISH
Wm M o o re re sign e d
.
, , .

R I C HD C A V E
B E N J H E AD captain
. .
, .

.
, ,
C HAS P OR T E R .

J ere White res igne d E ns igns :

W M B U C KN E R captai n v ice
.
,

J AM E S S A U N D E RS
M OS E S W ILLIS
.
, ,

G e o S m ith res igne d .

, .
2 62 H I S TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

1 7 80 E ns i gns :
E DM U ND S HA C KL E FORD cap,
J OHN H E RNDON
tain ,
v ic Ce o u rs e y re ign
, s J OHN R O B INS ON
ed . T HOS W HI T E .

L i eu te nants 1 78 1
L E W IS R IDL E Y L i eu tena n ts :
R I C HD PA YN E W M T H OMAS
JAM E S B U R T ON
. .

J OHN R U C K E R en ign s

Z A C H Y S HA C KL E FORD
,

G EO W A U G H captai n v ice
F ran cis M r J r
.
, ,

oo e , . E ns igns :
R O BT D ANI E L captain Vice JAM E S S T E V E NS ON
W M B U R T ON
.
, ,

C nway r ign d
o es e

M A Y B U R T O N captain J AM E S M ADIS ON J R c oun ty

. .
,

li eu t en a n t v ice B urnle y
, , ,

Li eu te n a n ts : ,

W M W RI G H T re s ign e d

R O W LAND T H OMAS JR T H OS B AR B O U R c o lon el v ic e

. .

M OS E S W ILLIS M adi s on p rom o te d

, . .
, ,

B E N J AMIN J OHNS ON lieu te n

.
,

T I MO T H Y C ONN E R ,

JAM E S S A U ND RS E an t c o lo ne l -

T H OMAS C HAM B RS E A M B ROS E M ADIS ON m aj o r

B E LL E FI E LD C A V E captain
,

J OHN PANNILL
W M B U R T ON
,

E n s i gns :
T HOS F OR T SON
.

JAS E ASL E Y
J OHN B E ADL S J OHN D A W SON
. .

P R E TTY MAN M E RR Y JAS D E E RIN G

.

J OHN S C O TT J R C HAS T H OMAS

L E W IS W ILLIS
. .
,

J A S SLE ET
.

E n s ign s : 1 7 83
A L E X N W MAN E G ARLAND B U RNL E Y captain
L E W IS C OL MA N Z achy H rn d n
.
, ,

E v ic e e o

This app e ars to have been the last app o intment

made during the period of the R evolutionary War .

“ ”
Th e Cal endar O f S tate Pap ers shows however , , ,

that Thomas Barbour was County Lieutenant in the

later ye ars O f the war and it would se e m that J ames ,

M adison J r never acted as such , .

,
.
 A PPE ND IX G .

Ro st e r o f t he M o n t pe l i e r G u ar d s Dur
i ng J o h n Br o w n Rai d , 1 859 .

This company was organized and uniformed about

two years before the raid o ccu red I t did not partici .

pate in the capture of Brown but was ordered to ,

Charles Town where he was imprisoned there being , ,

”
much talk of re scue at the time and remained there ,

until B rown and his accessories were hanged .

’
This company was Brown s military escort to the
scaffold The roster was furnish e d by M r W H
. . . .

Ricketts treasurer O f O range , .

L W IS
E W ILLIAMS J R capt
B . Pri va tes :
K NDALL
.
, ,

G E O CU LL N fi r t li u t n an t E s e e R O B E RT E

J AM E S A N E W MAN e c n d
.
,

s o J OHN ARMOND L
C HAS C M OOR
.
,

li eu t en ant E

J OHN M OOR
. .

D R T HOMAS C R E V L Y ur E s E

M OOR
.
.
,

geon R O BT P E

M ORRIS
. .

I SAA C T G RAHAM fi rs t s et W L
J Q N W MAN
. . .
,

ge ant . . E

W M H R I C K E TT S c olo r b e arer - L T O D N E

F L MIN P ARK R
. .
, . .

D ON PE DRO G I L A B E RT ( P e ter E G E

Gilb rt) d rum m r e ,

e T P E YT ON
HOS J .

P ri va tes : M D P RO C T OR
B L DSO
. .

T HOS R E E R O BT H R O G RS E

B O U L W AR
. . . .

T C E A F S T OF E R
B RO KMAN
. . . .

IR A C W R T ALIAF RRO E

B RO KMAN
. .

L T C J OHN G T RR E LL E

W M B RO KMAN TO WL S TE RR LL
. . .

. C E E

R W E DDINS A B T HO MAS
T HOS R T O W L E S
. . . .

PHILI P B HI D E N
H W
. . .

R H O U S E OR T H J WIL L E R O Y
T
F RANK H U M
. . . .

E J OHN W OOLFOLK
J OS H JA KSON EP L C S NO W D E N Y A T E S
F L MIN K NDALL
.

E G E
 A PPE ND IX H .

Ro s t e r o f C o n fe d e r at e S o l d i e r s,
I 861 to 1 8 65 .

The M ontpeli er G u ard C 0 A Z , .

, 1 3 th Va I n . f a ntry .

( Ros ter fu rni s hed by W H

. . Ric k etts ) .

C ap tai ns : Pri va tes

W B RO KMAN
.

L E IS B W ILLIAMS J
r C A SA

B RO KMAN
.
,

B F NALL E C T IR A S
B RO KMAN A
. . .
,

C HAM PE G C OOK E 1 . C , . T .

G E OR G E CU LL N E B RO KMAN W A
C

B RO W N W M
, . .

L i eu ten an ts :
B RO W N H NR Y
, .

ISAA C TG RAHAM E

C HARL E S C M OOR E B RNARD R I HARD

.
,

E C S i
W ILSON S N E W MAN 1
. .
,

B L DS O HOS T T
'

E E,

B U RR U S M r
. .

T HOMAS T W ILRO Y T
‘
G
M S S T RIN G F LLO W B U RR U S R O B R T T
. .
.
,

E E

B U RR U S J OS H T
. .
,

H C C OL E MAN EP

B U RR U S W
. .
,

J S J A C KSON o rd rly er e s T
B U RR U S AN LOT
. . .
, ,

g an t at App m att o x
e o L CE

B U LLO K O S W ALD
,

G E OR G E C W AL T E RS s cond e C

B O U L W AR
. , ,

e rge an t s E C C
F N G OOD W IN third s rg an t B OS T ON J OHN
. .
,

. .
,
e e ,
T .

W H R I C K E TT S c lo r s erge an t
. . o B RE S A U, P E TE R
Pri va tes : CAV E R C , . .

A MOS G E O A , . . CAVE R L , . .

AU S T I N S T C A V E W ALLA C E L
AT KINS H U G H
, . .
, .

,
C OL E MAN R L , . .

B E LL C S C OL E MAN L L
C OL E MAN B U R W E LL
. . .
, .
,

B E LL J OHN W , .
,

B I C K E RS T O C HA P MAN W M
D ONALD N I MROD
. .
, .
,

B RO C KMAN L T s er e g an t 1
’

B RO C KMAN W M D OWNE R R C
, . . ,

D OWNE R R G
. .
, .
,

B RO C KMAN J O E , , . .

1 Kill d e .
 A PPE N D I X— CO N F E D E R A T E SL I O D E RS

Pri va tes P ri va tes :

D I G G S H E NR Y A
.

L A YT ON J T T
M ALLOR Y D C
. . .
,
, ,

D I G G S WM
M A U PIN L
. .
,
. , ,

D I G G S C OL E T
D O W NIN V IR G IL M ASON R O B E RT
.
, ,

M E AD E J M
, ,

E C KLOFF R G
M E AD E N AT
. .
, . .
,

E DDINS H C
M C C LAR Y C HARL E S
.
, . .
,

E S T E S T HOMAS
M OOR E R P
, ,

E S T E S J OHN
F A U LKN R C ART E R B M OOR E J M
. .
, ,

F L E TC H R T N M OOR E J OHN T
. .
, .
,

F ORTN E Y W H M ORRIS W M
, . .
, ,

F R Y L UT H E R C M ILL E R C HRISTIAN
. . .
, ,

FRY E M T N E W MAN G E O A
.
, ,

G OOD W IN L T T N E W MAN J OHN

. .
, . .
,

N E W MAN J OH N H E R B E RT T
.
,
.
,

G ARRISON G E OR G E
N E W MAN R M
, ,

G RA V E S ISAA C , , . .

G IL B E R T P E T E R drumm er ODE N L T
H ALS E Y P W
. .
, , ,

O N E AL JAM E S
H E ND E RSON JAM E S M P O W E LL R O B E R T T
. .
, ,

H A Y S T HOS ( c k) P O W E LL H U G H T
.
, ,

oo

H E RNDON T H E O PHIL U S
, .
,

P E AK E W M B T
H E RNDON R E U B E N D
. .
, ,

P ANNILL P P
H U NTE R W M M
, .
, . .

P ANNILL B B
H ORT ON J S
, . .
, . .

PAYN E B B
HU ME F D
. . .
, , .

PA Y NE J O HN
H O W ARD G E O W T
.
, .
,

, . . P A Y N E JAS W , . .

HI D E N P B PE YT ON G E O Q
H O U S W ORT H R H
. . . .
, ,

E PRA TT J OHN
H O U S W ORT H V A PRO C T OR M OR G AN D
. .
, ,

H OLLAND
. . .
, ,

T POR T E R H C
H ALS Y
.
, , .

E R I C HARDS F
H OLLADA Y W ALL R
, , .

E L R I C HARDS R
R OA C H H NR Y D
, .
,
.

JA OBS A
C E E

J ON S B N J
.
, .
, .

E E R O B INSON T HOS J
R O B E RSON M AR C E LL U S
, .
, . .

J ON S W A
E

K NDALL M
. .
, ,

E F R O G E RS R H T
K NDALL R
, . .
, . .

E , . S . R O G E RS R O BT , .

L AN C AS T E R J E , . . S C O TT PHILI P H
, .

L I PS C OM B M B , . . S C O TT W W, . .

L I PS C OM B D AN , S IZ E R JAS J T
, . .

TK l il de .
2 66 HI S T O R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

P ri va tes : P ri va tes :
S LAU HTE R T T T
G TOWLE S T R
W A Y LAND M AR T IN V
. .
, , . .

S LA U G H T E R JAS , .
, .

S MI T H Wm J W ILLIAMS C HAS C
S T A PL E S E D W ARD S T
. . . .
, ,

,
. W AL T E RS A LFR E D
,

T ALIAF E RRO P E A C H Y ,
W ILLIAMS J OHN G , .

T ALIAF E RRO W R W ILLIS J OHN

T E RR E LL T O W L E S
. .
, ,

,
W ILLIS H L E E
, .

T HOMAS A B T , . . W ILLIS R G
, . .

T E RR E LL O T , . . W OOLFOLK JAS H , . .

T HOM PSON A H ,
. . W RI G H T W M T T
, . .

Captain Williams was promoted to t h e rank of col

’
o nel and was killed in Pickett s charge at Gettysburg
, .

R M N ewman orderly sergeant O f the c o mpany

. .
, ,

J anuary 1 1 8 64 subsequently an officer on the staff

, ,

of Gen George H S teuart of M aryland furnishes a

. .
,

roster of that date from his contemporan eous diary ,

from which a few names not in the other list have , ,

been in corporated .

O n J anuary 1 1 8 64 according to this diary th e re , , ,

were fi ft y two e nliste d men in the company subj e ct to

-

duty ; to giv e some id e a of t h e losses in the Wild ern e s s

Campaign there were pres ent for duty J une 8 fourteen ,

men on J uly 7 eighteen The subsequent battle of

, , .

Winchester S eptember 2 9 was one of the most d est ru c

, ,

tive in which the company was engaged .

The G ordons vi lle G reys , Co C. 51

132 4 Va I n . f a ntry .

(Ro s ter b y C a p t P P B a rb ou r )
. . . .

C ap tai n : S ergean ts :
SC O TT W M C W E ISI G E R W M H
B AR B O U R P P
. .
, . .
,

L i eu ten a n ts :
B LA C K BU RN A J
. .
,

G OODMAN G A
C O W H RD
. .
, . .
,

E ,
E . F . Q U ARL E S W M R T
, . .

R I C HARDS , C . H .

TKilled .
 A P PE N D I X— CO NF E D E R A T E SL IO D E RS

C orporals : P ri va tes :
B AK R B NJ
E E F E SK E W W M J
B A U HAN R F A U L C ON E R G W
. . . .
, ,

G I C HD A
F E G AN J OHN T
. . . .
, ,

J ON S W M R
E

M O Y RS
. .
, ,

E W ,
G EO . . G OODMAN MO N O A H ,

Pri va tes : G OODMAN H G , . .

A MOS G ARR E TT
, G ARRISON JAM E S T ,

AT KINS S G G R UB B S J OHN T
G I B SON J F RANK
. .
, ,

A ND E RSON J N O W , . .
T , .

B A TT A I L E , J R G E N TR Y J R
B AL W H E AT W OL E B E N J T
. . . .
,

E E C
B AL N H E AT W OL E JOHN
. .
, , .

E E G
B AL JAS N T H AL E D W
. .
, ,

E E

B AK R T H AL E J OHN T
. .
, .
, .

E C
B AK R J H ARLO W B E N
.
, ,

E O
B I BB J OHN T H ARRIS R H
. . .
, ,

B I BB JAM S H ARRIS W M
. .
, ,

B A U HAN J N H AR PE R JAS
.
, ,

B AR B RNARD
. .
, .
,

E E L AN C AS T E R T HOS
B RA J OHN
.
, ,

GG L AN C AS T E R J OHN
B RA J R
, ,

GG L E AK E AU S T IN M
B RO W N
. .
, .
,

S C L O C K E R J OHN
B RO K R LO C KE R W M
, . .
,

C S
B RU W M A G R U D E R D A V ID W
. . .
, ,

CE , D
B RU J R M AG RU D E R G E O W T
. .
.
,

CE , E E

M ANSFI E LD W B T
. .
,

C AR T R C HAS H
E

C O W H RD C HAS S M E AD E RI C HD
. .
, . .
,

C O W H RD Y L V R T ON T M E AD E G E O
. . .
, ,

E E E

C O W H RD M M OOR E R I C HARD T
.
, ,

E D
C O W H RD M ORRIS R E UB E N J
.
, .
,

E C C
M ORRIS L E M U E L
.
, . .
,

C OOK G W E , . .
,

C OL V I N R O BT MA HA N E S JAS H
M ASON J OHN
. .
, .
,

C OL V IN G R E E N
M ALLOR Y O P
, ,

C OL V IN J OHN
N E W MAN J S
. .
,

D A V E N POR T J T
N E W MAN J H T
. . .
, .
,

D A V IS T HOS A
N E W MAN R M
. .
, . .
,

D A V IS W D
D ANI E L J B OLLIN G N OLAN T HOS T
. . .
, .
,

N OLAN J OH N
. .
, ,

D U NN W M , . .
,

D UV AL G E O W , . . O G G JAS
, .

D UV AL J NO P . . OG G ,
R I C HD .
2 68 HISTO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

Pri va tes : Pri va tes :

O MOH U NDRO M E L T ON , T R O INSON B
PANNILL J OHN T S MI T H W T
S MI T H H E NR Y
, , . .

PARRISH T
P O W E LL
,

, S U LLI V AN W M , .

P ARRO TT J OHN , S PI C E R A DDISON,

P ARRO TT T HOS , . S H E PH E RD JAM S E

Q U ARL E S J AS C ,
. . T Y L E R J OHN ,

Q U ARL E S C HAS , . T RAIN U M E LIAS ,

R I C HARDS R IC HD W HI T LO C K G E O W
R O B INSON L E W IS T
. . .
, ,

,
W HI T LO C K T HOMAS ,

Th e
succe s sive captains in this company were
G A Goodman P P Barbour and Benj F Baker
. .
, . .
, . . .

J ohn Grubb s became a lieutenant Captain S cott .

resigned and later j o in ed Cre n shaw s Battery

,
’

and b e came quartermaster of the artillery b at allio n ,

wi th t h e rank of maj o r G A Goodman became . . .

colonel of the Thirteenth Virginia I nfantry D r W . . .

S Grymes went out with this company as surge on and

.

became chi ef surge on O f t h e division D r Colby Cow . .

herd was a s sistant surgeon O f t h e regiment and was ,

afterwards attached to the Twe lfth Georgia I nfantry .

Lieut E F Cowherd was adj utant while A P H ill

. . . . .

command e d t h e regim ent .

The B a rbou rsvi lle G u ard , Co F .

, I 3 th Va I n . f a ntry .

(F rom a n o ri gi n al m u s ter roll i n the ofilc e of the S ecreta ry o f Vi rgi ni a

M i li tary Rec ords — fro m O c to ber 3 1 1 8 61 ,
to D ecem b er 3 1 ,

This
company was organized about 1 8 59 with t h e ,

following o fficers Capt W S Parran Lieutenants . . . .

, ,

I st Andrew J ackson Eheart ; 2 nd Andrew Ja ckson

,

White ; 3 rd J o seph T Wood A t the reorganization

, . .

in 1 8 62 A J Eheart was elected captain ; C L Graves

. . . .
 APP E N D I X— C O N F E D E R A T E SL IO D E RS 2 69

fi rst , Conway N ewman se cond and R C M acon , , . .

third lieutenant .

Captain Parran became an army surgeon and was

k ille d at S harp s burg while helping to man a fi eld piec e ,

of t h e Washingt o n A rtillery .

Captain Eheart was killed in battle at S potsylvania

Courthou s e M ay 1 2 1 8 64 C L Graves was promoted , , . . .

captain in 1 8 64 and retired di s abled Conway New .

man became captain in 1 8 65 .

F ollowing is the off i cial roster O cto b er 3 1 1 8 6 1 ,

C ap tai n : Pri va tes

P ARRAN W S F A U L ON R J OHN
C E C
H AR V Y J OHN
. . .
, ,

F i rs t L i eu tena n t: E L
H AR V Y HOMAS
.
,

E H E AR T A J E T
H RNDON
. .
, ,

S ec ond L i eu ten an t: E ,
B . F .

W OOD JAS T J OHNS J OHN S

J OHNS H NR Y
. . .
, ,

S ergean ts : E C
K T ON J J
.
,

G RA V S C L E EE

F I TZH U G H O S K NN D Y H
. . . .
, ,

E E S
M U ND Y A L B E RT
. . . .
, ,

L AM B E Z E KI E L
H E RNDON R O BT
, ,

N L U C AS J OHN H
M A C ON R C
. . .
, ,

C orpora ls :
HO T W E LL J E RR Y N E W MAN C ON W A Y
. .
,

S
M ARSHALL THOS A
, ,

, . . PE TT I T I R A W ,
.

P A Y N E R I C HD N , . . PE TT I T T J , . .

W A Y LAND AB RAM C , . PI T MAN R C ,

. .

Pri va tes : R OA C H J OHN W

B L DSO A
.
,

E E B R O U RK E O
B ROOKIN W S HO T W E LL C AS W E LL
. .
, ,
.

G E
B RO KMAN J OHN
. .
, ,

C , S IM P SON J AS M , . .

C AS ON J O L E S TO G D E LL J E
HOMAS F O U N T AIN
. .
, ,

C AR PE N T E R B F , . . T ,

C LARK E W S W A Y LAND B B
C H E W NIN G JAS L
. .
, , . .

W ILHOI T JOHN N
W OOD B E LLFI E LD W
. .
, , .

COB BS T S ,
. .
,
.

D A V IS A SHMAN T
, . W OOD E R ,
. .

C AL V IN J OS E PH A W RI G H T W M B
D I C K E N SON E LI J AH
. . .
, ,

,
JAS W T HOMAS had bee n
. .

D OLIN T HOS , . di s c ha rge d in May .

E U B ANK T P , . .
 HI S TO R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

Th e following names in addition are on a list , ,

fur
ni sh ed by W H R icke tts : . .

P ri va tes :
Pri va tes :
B L DSO E T
H RNDON H NRY
E E

H RNDON J
,
E E

B L DSO
. .
,
E F
C B
H AD N V
. .
,
E E,

B K
. .

E
F B
H A TW OL B N J
. .
,
EC

V
. .
,
E E E
B ROOKIN C
.
,
G

B RO KMAN B LLFI J OHNS R O BT

. .
,

C E E LD , .

L E E JAM E S
B ROOKMAN J OHN
,

M ILL E R D ANL
,

B ROOKMAN H NRY
,
.
,
E
O S B ORN E D ANL
,

B RADFORD J E , .

PARRO TT B B
. .
,

C AM PB LL H E
, . .

PA Y N E R N
C OLLINS L E W IS
.
,
. .
,

R I C HARDS R
D I C K E RSON B U RN E TT
,
.
,

S IMMS F
D I C K E RS ON E D W ARD
,
.
,

S O UT HARD B E N
,

D A V IS J F , .

T H OMAS F
. .
,

D A V IS G W
T H OMAS H E NR Y
.
,
. .
,

D O U G LAS J M ,

T HOM PSON W M
. .
,

DU NN A LONZO , .

T H OM PSON R M
,

E ARL Y G W
T HOM PSON H E NR Y
. .
,
. .
,

E ST E S W
W HI T E LA W J D
,

F A U L C ON E R W F
.
,
. .
,

F A U L C ON E R N I C HOLAS W ILLIAMS J M P
. .
,
. . .
,

F A U L C ON E R W M
,
W HI T E J H , . .

F U LL E R G O W HI T E T P
.
,
. .
,

W OOD W B
,
E .

F E R N E Y HO U G H J O HN
. .
,

G A Y J OHN
,
W OOD D I C K ,
,

G ARN E R ( r Ga rn W OOD B W
) R O BT
. .
,
o es .

G IL B R T H NR Y
,

E ,
E

O n an O fficial pay roll lent the S ecretary of Virginia ,

M ilitary R eco rds by R H enry Chilton O ttoman Post .

,

O ffice Virginia from F ebruary 1 8 to A pril 1 8 62 nearly

, , , , ,

all the foregoing names are to be found and these addi

t io nal :

B ROOKMAN ,
P . C AM P B LL E ,
F . M .

C AM PB LL E ,
T . C . C ASH J P , . .

C AM P B LL E , J . C ASH J G ,
. .
 A PPE N D I X — CO N F E D E R A T E S L I
O D E RS

C OL MAN G E ,
R I C KARDS ,
L . A .

D CK R E E S O T HA R D S B , .

D A V IS T J ,
. . T H OM PSON J W , . .

D R U MMOND J H T HOM PSON H H

F A U L C ON R F R D
. .
,
. .
,

E E VI A J W
G ANNA W A Y J M
. . .
, ,

W A Y LAND A C
H ND E RSON J V
. .
, . .
,

E , . . W AR E T W , . .

MA U T I PL Y J ,
. G . W OODSON M B , . .

PA G E R J , . . W A TT S S J C , .

RA YNE R ,
T HOS .

Ros ter of C ompany C 7 th Va I n . . f a n try .

( F u rni s hed b y L i eu t . N T B a rtley )

. . .

Thi s company was first commanded by Capt J ohn

C Porter O f Culpep er and all the other O fficers J ames
.
, ,

W Gre en J ohn R S trother and D aniel Brown were

.
, .

also from that County S ubsequently J W A lmond . . .

of O range became captain and N T Bartley and , . .

J eremiah Pannill lieutenants , .

F ollowing is the roster of the soldiers from O range :

A PPE RSON W M E LIASON G E O P
HUME B W
.
, , . .

A PP E RSON C
B L DS O E G OR G E H U M E B E N J AMIN
.
, ,
. .

E E

B L E DSO E J A H U M E F RAN C IS
, ,

C ON W A Y A L B R T H ALL H E NR Y
, . .
,

H ALL J OHN
, ,

C OOK W J
H A W KINS B E N J AMIN
, . .
,

C HILDR SS W M E

H AR T F R E D E RI C K
, .
,

C OL E MAN T HOS P , . .
,

CO L E MA N , J 0HN HE F F L I N G E OR G E ,

C OL E MAN , J A . . J ON E S J H ,
. .

D A V IS W M J OHNSON J AS S
M INNI C K D ANI E L
. .
, , .

D A V IS T H OMAS
M OR T ON J E R E MIAH
, ,

D E M PS E Y R O B E R T
M ORT ON D R C B
, ,

D E M PS E Y W M
M ORRIS J F
, .
,
. . .

D E M PS E Y C OL MAN E

M ORRIS G E OR G E
. .
, ,

D E M PS E Y L E V I
M ORRIS T HOMAS
, ,

E N G LAND R O B E R T , ,
 2 72 HI S T O R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

P ORT R C HAS WE , . . VASS ,

J AM E S
R HOAD E S R B , . . WE B B E C ,
D . .

R I C HARDS JAS P , . . W E BB E D W , . .

R I C HARDS JAS C , . . WE B B R C ,
. .

R U FFN E R P H , . . W E BB J W , . .

S MI T H A W W OOLFR E Y J R E MIAH E

W OOLFR E Y B E N J AMIN
. .
, ,

S MI T H R A
W OOLFR E Y B U RR U SS
. .
, ,

S MI T H W B , . .
,

S MI T H W ILLIAM W ILLIS ISAA C

S MI T H N A T HANI E L
, ,

W ILLIS G ORDON
W ILLIS L E W I S
, ,

S ISS ON N H . .
,

T INSL Y J W E , . . W IL T SHI R A LFR E D E ,

T I ND E R J T , . .

I n Co mpany E ,
of the same regiment were these
O range soldiers :

JA C O B S J OHN ,
S MI T H , J K . . P .

W A T SO N ,
B . F .

Peyton B a ttery, later F ry s , i n C u ts haw

’ ’
B a ttali on
’
s s .

( L i s t from WH. . Ri ck etts ) .

C ap tai n : Pri va tes :

P E YT ON ,
T HOS .
J . A DAMS J T , .

F i rs t L i eu ten a n t : AY LOR B
FRY W AT KINS H U G H
.
,

, C . .
,

S econ d i L eu te na n t: A MOS W M
M OOR J OHN B LL J OHN
.

E E

B E LL O R V ILL E
, ,

Thi rd L i eu ten a n t :
B E LL G RAN V ILL E
,

C ANNON RO B RT E

B RID W E LL O H
, ,

S ergea n ts :
B RO W N W E SL E Y
. .
,

C A V W ALLA C
E E

F RAZ R J OHN B ALLARD W INFI E LD

, ,

RA W L E Y W H H B ALLARD C
, ,

S LA U G H T E R M E R C E R B AIL Y
.
, . . .
,

B RO C K A
, ,

C orp orals :
H I INS B RO C K J
.
,

GG G EO W
N W MAN
. .
, .
,

E ,
JAS . F . C OA T S E T , .

D ARN E LL , J . F .
T C OA T S J A S ,
- .

PAYN E B . C . C AM P B E LL J S , . .
 A PP E N D I X—£ O NF E D E R A T E S L I O D E RS 2 73

P ri va tes : P ri va te s :
D A V IS C HAS T M ORRIS F N ON E T

E S T E S F RANK M C LAR Y J
.
, ,

C F
MIT H L W
, , . .

E S TE S W M C E E
N I H T IN R U F U S
.
, , . .

E V E R E TT W M G G

F A U DR E E J M
.
, ,

N IG HT E N , T
N W MAN
. .
,

G ILL E S PI E J N T , . . E T ,
T . T .

G RAHAM T HOS ,
. N E IL JAS
O , .

G ARR E TT A P E YT ON M D
R I PE N O T
.
, , . .

G ARR E TT J O ,
E , .

G IL B E R T P R O G E RS J N
H E RNDON T HOS
. .
, , .

R I C HARDS R O BT
H AWLE Y J A
. . .
,

R A C E R J AS T
H U G H E S T ON E Y
. .
, , .

R E Y NOLDS G W
H U G H E S J OHN
.
, , .

R E Y N OLDS W H
H ARRISON W M H
, , .

S C HOOL E R G AR R E TT T
H ANSFORD J OHN
. .
, ,

S AND E RS J OHN
H ANS B RO U G H B Y RD
, ,

S AND E RS J AS
H E RRIN G E T
, , .

S HIFL E T J F
H E RRIN G F T S H E PH E RD H E NR Y
. . .
, ,

H E AT W OL E J OS
. .
, ,

, . S MI T H J OHN ,

J ON S W M T E , . T HA C K E R W M , .

J E RD O N E W M T HA C K E R J OS E PH
L A T H E RS A NDR E W
.
, ,

E T W HI T LO C K G W T
M ARTIN W M W INSLO W T H OS
, , . .

M AS TIN W M
, .
, .

W ALKINS R S
M AS T IN T IM
. . .
, ,

WA U G H R S
M ASON J F W A TT L E S A NDR E W
. .
, ,

M U NDA Y B
, . .
,

W ILLIAMS J OS E PH
M ORRIS C HAS
, .
,

, .

C W F ry became captain M ercer S laughter

. .
, ,
lieu t e n
ant and W B Willis quarterma s t er s ergeant . . .

The Orange Rangers G o I 6th Va C ava lry , .

, .

Thi s company was mu stere d into s ervice at Rhoad e s

“
ville M ay 4 1 8 6 1 and travelled th enc e to Culpeper
, , ,

Courthou s e wh ere it arrived J u n e 1 1 1 8 61 From , , .

T Ki l d l e .
 2 74 HISTOR Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

an o riginal O fficial mu ster roll own ed by M r , .

Al e xander
T Brown ing :
.

C ap tai n : P ri va tes :
B RO W NIN G , G .
J . H ALS Y J OS H J
E EP

H AR T M AL OLM
, .

F i rs t L i eu tena n t: C

H ANSFORD W A
,

W ALK E R W M H . .

H ART L Y H OS J
, , . .

S econd L i eu ten a n t: E T
H O KINS
, . .

RO B E R T S J OH N A . P Z
H U H S J FF O
, , .

Thi rd L i eu ten an t: G E ,
E E RS N
S AL E J OH N
,
S . J ON E S L UT H E R M
, .

S ergea n ts : J ON E S M A
K U B E L E W IS
.
, .

W OOLFOLK J OHN W
M ORT ON W M J
.
,

L AN C AS T E R R I C E D
,

. .
, , .

T E RRILL R O BT M L E E L AFA Y E TT E
A NDR E W S W M S
.
,

M ALLOR Y W M
, ,

. .

M ALLOR Y R O BT
, , . .

C orpora ls :
M ART IN T J
, .

R OA C H J AM E S
M ALLOR Y J OHN M AR T IN R O BT
.
, , .

M C C LAIN E R O BT
, ,

S T ON E W M J .

M ASON H ORAT IO P
. .
, ,

C OO PE R J OH N J .

M ILLS A L E X H
, , .

B ugler:
H NR Y P M CCU LLO U G H R O BT S
.
, .

C HILDR E SS E

PAR T LO W J M
.
, , . .

P ri va tes :
V PRO C T OR M AR C E LL U S
. .
,

A LMOND L , . .
,

A LMOND T H OS PRO C T OR W AL T E R R
B O U RN E W T PRO C T OR O S W ALD C
. .
, ,

B U RR U S W T Q U ARL E S H E NR Y
. .
, , .

B RO W N J AM S W
. .
, ,

E R o w E LHANAN W
B AK R J OS H
,
.
,
.

E R E Y N OLDS J W
B I C K RS J NO W
.
, . .
, .

E , . . R E Y NOLDS J o s B , . .

C OLLINS W M S R I C HARDS G E O W
‘
. . .
, , .

C ARSO N T HOS S ,
. . R HOADS A C HILL E S ,

C OO PE R A L E X H , . . S ISSON AB N E R J , .

C OO PE R A LFR E D ,
S TU BB S J E SS E ,

C LARK S T , . . T HOM P SON C HAS H , . .

C ANAD Y J T . . T HOM PS ON J AS B
C RA W L E Y A DAM G
.
, .
,

, . T IND E R E H ,
. .

C RA V E N C HAS M W A U G H CHAS S
C OR B E LL S V
. .
,
. .
,

W HI T E J AM E S H
W I G G L E S W OR T H C
.
, . .
,

D U RR E R J OHN C , .
, .

G AR T H L T W OOD W S
YOU N G J R
. .
, . .
,

G IL B E R T J E , . .
, . .

T Kill d
e .
 A PPE ND I X w
CO N F E D E R A T E S L I O D E RS 2
75

F rom Judge D A Grimsley wh o w a s maj or o f th e . .

,

regiment it is learned th at s ub se quent captains were

,

J o h n R ow W illiam J M o rto n and J o hn W Woolfolk ;

, . .

lieute na nt s C B Bro wn and J T M ann both kille d at . . . .

,

Brandy S tati o n J un e 9 1 8 63 W illiam Willis J H , , , ,

. .

W hite J ame s Roach and S amuel Andrews

,
.

M r J M Gardn er giv e s t h e names of J ame s Roac h

. . .

a nd A bn e r S isson as lieut e nants and the name of li e u

te nant A ndrews as William H in s tead o f S amuel . .

J J H als e y b e came quartermaster of the re giment

. .

with rank o f captai n and E W R ow was appo inted an . .

a s sistant s urgeon .

Th e su rgeo n s from county we re

D oc to rs : D oc to rs :
GRYME S W S ,
Ro w E W . .
,
. .

P ARRAN W S T T ALIAF E RRO H D

N E W MAN G E O S
. . . .
, ,

T E RR E LL R M
M ORT ON C B MA G RU D E R H P T
. . .
, ,
.

J ON E S L UT H E R
. . .
, , .

S LA U G H T E R A E
C O W H E RD C OL BY
. .
, ,

M aj or William C S co tt wh o w a s at o ne time orderly .

,

’
s ergeant o f Crenshaws B attery credits the following ,

names O f that company to O range :

C OL E MAN J C LAN C AS T R D M E

L O V IN G T ALIAF E RRO P
. .
, , . .

C OL E MAN L L ( t m p ra ry ) e o

G RA V S B V M ALLOR Y R H
. . .
,

M ALLOR Y T HOS J
, . . . .
,

G RA V E S T HOS E
H E RNDON J C
.
, .
, . .

P RO C OR A T

H A C KL E Y A S
. .
, , .

P ROFFI TT W W
H E RNDON R S
.
, . .
, .

P A Y N J OHN A
, . . E , .

J OHNSON T T Q U IS E N B E RR Y J N
L U MSD E N G G
. .
, , . .

W OOD T H OM S
, . .
,
A

L U MSD E N C L , . .

1 K leil d .
 2 76 HI S T O R Y OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

I t is known that a number of O range soldiers served

in the Wise A rtillery but it h as b een impossible t o ,

get a list of them .

Th e se names are added from personal memory

In A lbema rle L i ght Horse , S econ d C av alry .

M A R U D R JAS W i t
G E L eu T N W MAN N W
E

N W MAN HOS H NR Y T M ORT ON JAS W

. .
, .
, , .

E , T . E , . .

W I LLIS J OHN ,

In
“
B la c k Hors e Troop , F o u rth C a va lry .

T ALIAF E RRO , C . C . W I LLIS H L E E , .

T ALIAF E RRO ,
R O BT . S C O TT W W , . .

In M adi s on C omp a ny F ou rth C a va lry

,
.

G RA V E S , J . W . C . H O U S W ORT H E ,
R . H .

The followi ng held C o m mi s s i ons :

TA Y LOR E RAS M U S ALI AF E RRO J OHN
T
N E W MAN C HAS S HE RIDAN
, ,

,
. J ON E S P HILI P B , .

G RA V E S R P W ILLIAMS W M G
H E RRIN G W M
, . .
, . .

.
,

The followi ng were C ha pla i n s :

D A V IS ,
R IC HD T W ILLIS E D W A RD
. . HI D E N JAM E S
,
C .
,

E G OSS w as in Le e s Gu ard T H OS A B S C O TT w a in ’
s

G r n d y B att ry n d B Y RD C HARL S W ILLIS w a i n ni n th Vi r

. .
. .
, .
,

’
a s e ,
a E ,
s

gi nia Ca al ry v .

follo wing
The were in s ervic e , but regime nts
unkn own :
G RA V E S W M C B LL R E U B E N
E

T ALIAF E RRO F RANK a n o t d

, . .
,

, ,
e L INN E Y C B , . .

s co u t T L INN E Y H B
W ILLIS T HOS B AR B O U R
. .
.
,

C OL E W M T
C O W H E RD F RANK N E W MAN J B
. .
, ,

, , , Jr .

J O NE S A S E DDO N
, .

T Kill d e .
 A PPE NDIX -
CO N F E D E R A T E S L I
O D E RS 2 77

I t is well known t o the writer that thi s rost er is far

from complete ; yet it is far and away the comple test
grouping of O range soldiers yet compiled and he h as ,

had endless trouble in compilin g it Unless th e chapter .

”
of th e D aught ers at O range take up th e matt er at
o nce and giv e it continuous and earnest attention an
, ,

exhaustive ro ster can never b e compiled I t is vain .

to hope that eith er the S tate or fed eral government

wi ll ever compile one that will even approximat e com
p let ene ss .
 A PPEND IX I .

M e m b e rs o f T he Va r i o u s C o nv e n t i o n s .

17 75M arch 2 0 Tho mas Barbour J am es Taylo r

, .
, .

1 7 7 5 J uly 1 7
,
Thomas Barbour
. .

1 7 7 5 D ecemb e r 1
,
Thomas Barbour J ame s Taylo r
.
, .

1 7 7 6 M ay 6
,
J ames M adison J r William M oo re
. .
, .

1 7 88 TO conside r the F e deral Co ns titutio n J am e s

.
,

M adison J r J ames Gordon.

, .

1 8 2 9—30 To revise S tate Con s titutio n J a m e s M adi

.
,

so n J r Philip Pendleton Barbour

.
, .

1 8 0— 1
5 5
“
The R eform Conv e ntion
. J ohn W o o lfo lk , .

1 8 6 1 Th e S e c e ssion Convention J eremiah M o rt o n

.
, .

1 8 67 —8 The Recon s truction or U nd e rwoo d Co nv en

.
,

tion F re derick W Po o r
,
. .

1 90 1 2 TO R evise and am end th e c o n s tituti o n A C

—
, .
. .
 A PPE ND I X

M e m b e rs o f T he C o l o ni al Ho u se o f
B u r g e s se s .

F ro m O ra nge C ou n ty from 1 73 6 to the form a ti on f

o the C omm on
2 9 I 7 7 6 — F rom S ta n a rd s
“
wea lth C o loni a l Regi s ter
"

]
’
,
u ne ,
. .

1 736 —8 R obert Gre en Willi am B everley

, , .

1 7 40 , ( Rob e rt Green had b e come sheriff ) William .

Beverley .

1 7 42 H en ry D owns ( expelled during s e ssion for mis

,

co nduct prio r to his candidacy) R ob e rt S laughter ,

(un s e ate d on co nt e st and new e lection ordered for both

seats) This a s sembly fi rst met M ay 6 1 7 4 2 and by
.
, ,

prorogation in 1 7 4 4 twice in 1 7 4 6 and was dissolved

, ,

A pril 8 1 7 4 7 ,
O range appe ars t o hav e been unre
.

presented during all the s e v ears by rea s on O f the u n

seatin g O f h er memb ers .

1 747 Ge o rge Taylor

, .

1 7 4 8—9 G e orge Taylor J ohn S potswood

, , ,

1 7 53 —58 G eorge Taylor Benj amin Cav e

, , .

1 7 58—60 B e nj amin Cave William Taliaferro

, , .

1 7 61 B enj amin Cave J ames Taylor

.
, .

1 7 6 1 —6 5 J ame s Taylo r J ames Walk er

, , .

1 7 65—68 J ame s Walker Zachariah B urnlev

, ,

1 7 69—7 1 J ame s Walker Thomas Barbour

, ,

17 72 3 Thoma s Barbour Z achariah Burnley

, , .

1 7 74 Thomas Barb o ur
, ,

1 7 7 5 Th o ma s Barb o ur J ames Tayl o r

, , .

2 79
 I N D EX .

B a b ill k tch
r o u rs v e, 4 7 , 49 ; S e ,
2 02

2 03
Adam Richard 7 B a tt J h
.

s, 1
rne n, 2 9
.

o
Albem arl 3 B a tt S F d
.

e, 1

Allen B enjamin 3
.

rn e or 2 9
B a t y J S tch
.
, ,
1
,
le A ke 1 83
.
,
r
Am ri can A rchi s 64 B attl
,
.
, .
, .

e ve , .

C ty —
es in o un 1 55 6
Anders on Geo rg 3 B ayl
, .

e, 0
J h CO i L
And rs o n William Kyl 8 4
,
e u t en
.

o r, 77 ; o n, .

e e,
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p a rat i v e 1 67
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B all g A d w B lack
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B a tim f i h B lack Wal t R
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n s, 1 68 t a hi s, 82
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n of r n e, 38 e Ab aham
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.
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s s, Se r e, 47 aac Is 30
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r o u r, 3 3 , 44, 7 7 ; B J 12 9 n un , 1 0 8

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7 ; S k e tch 8 —3 ; Rich 1 2 o p i
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71 ; 1 s o e r, o n, 3 0

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2 82 HI S T O RY OF ORAN GE CO U N T Y

B q tCl l
ou ue o o ne 58 Cann on , ar O ran g n d at
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r or Col 1 43 O ran ge S p ri ng 79 s, 1

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r n s o rd , o n, 30 Cann n Ri r 5
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re n P G eo 40 Cap Cap on 3
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B ick Ch ch
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r ur 42 Carp nt r William 3 8
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B iti h
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r s S py 4 7 Ca rte r Charles 3 5 ; J o hn 8 2

B ck William
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B ck B idg 7 7 ; B nj
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B il J ac b J h
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B k
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ro o e, 98 1 00 William 60 6 1

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ro o n 42 Ca ve s
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,

ro n, o n, 1 46
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,

ro n n r n s, C E NS U S 7 8 ; App ndi x B 1 2 e

B c Captai
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ru e , n, 71 Chandler J ere 7 1

B m bac M chi
.
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ru k el o r, 80 Chap m an Richard M
B wick C ty
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run s o un 31 R e yn o ld s 4 ; Capt 7 6 0

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r n, or n, 4 9 Charle Ri er 7 s v 1

B ya t Wil iam Ch rry Tree B tt om 3

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r n l 30 e o 1

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u n n, o n, 31 Ch ap e ak and O hi o R a way 3
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.
,

u ne r, 72 o 1

B lla d Richa d
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B ll c J am
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u o k es , 59 3 5, 3 7 . 3 8 1 80

Ch w s M ill 9
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B U SS S L IS T OF App ix J
.

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RG E E , ,
en d . e ,
2 .

2 78 C H U R C H E S C OLONIAL 4 —5 ; Mid 2

B i gt r B rick
.
, ,

url n S k tch 3on, 12 7; e 2 0 dl e 4 ; plat

o 43 ; 2 e,

B lyJh Z acha y
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,

u rn e o n, 1 2 4 ; r 47, d e cration 4 3 ; Pine S take

es

4 4 ; F am i li e c o nn ct d with
, , , ,

Capt
50 , 6 5 , 7 1 72 ; 76 s e e

4 4 ; Gl b F a rm 4 4 ; M o d rn
,

B U RR U S B O Y S t agic t y
. .
,

r s or o f, e e e

S t T h om a s Z i n 4 9 ; O th r
, ,

— I S7 8 o e

B t B lu R u n
.
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ur o n , 4 4 , J am Cap 72 ; es , 1 3 9 ; t O ld 46 5 ; 1 e

B lin d Pre ach r s

.
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M a y, 42 47 ; Th e e
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B h P i lip
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Zi on Pam unk y
.

us h 30 4 7 ; O ld e

B lin d Pr acher
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By d C l
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r o lo ne 2 7 58 59 87 48 ; f o e

4 ; N um b r by D no m i n a
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.

2 0 e e
fl

ti n 7
o s ,
1 2 .

Chu rch Ward ns 2 3 e ,

1 .

Calw ll R b rt 3
e , o e ,
1 . Cla rk G o R o g r 4 ; W n 7 5
,
e . e s, 1 i . .

Cam eron Lo dge 03 2 C l rk s O ffice 3 9 4

e
’
0

C L E V E LAN D B E N J k tch 8 4
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, , .

Cam pbell 4 4 9 8 ; Gilb rt , , ,

101 e , 3 1 .
,
.
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1 .

Cam pb llton 3 e ,
2 0 . C LIFT O N k tch 4 , s e ,
2 0 .
 IN D E X 2 83

Cl o reMicha l
,
e ,
82 . C o un ty l y rat 7ev ,
12 0 e ,
1 1 .

Clo u d e r 9 8 1 12 180 ; Run 1 1 2 C unty r c rd 5

o e o s,

bbl F d
.
, , , , .

C o e r, re er ick ,
82 . C o un ty S at tati tic 69 e ,
s s s, 1 .

C l
o e m an , J am e s , 74; J o hn , 72 ; C un ty S tan dard 3
o ,
0 .

h T 39 os 1 C O U R T H O U S S 3 3—4 ; C l S p E 1 o o ts

C O MMISSIONS M ILI T AR Y 7 3 4 —8 3
,
. . .

1 w d s o ff r 3 4
oo
’
e

C owh rd F ran ci 3 8 6
.
, , , .

App ndix F 5 8—6 e .

,
2 2 . e ,
s, ,
1 ,

C OMMI T E OF S AF E TY 6 5 7 ;
TE ,
-
0 J am 8 59 es , 2 , .

Win gat dis l yalty 66—8 ; ’

e s o C raig Captain 7 ; E 4 7 4 8 1 51
Add r t Pat rick H n ry 69
.
, , , , , ,

ess o e

C R NSHA W W G k tch 8 4—5 ;

.
,

C mm nw alth Att orne ys 7 9

o o e
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B att ry O rang S ldiers in

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, ,

C nfe d rat Chaplai ns 7 5

o e e ,
2 . e ,
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C n f d rat p n i n r p en i on
o e e e e s o e s, s s 7 5 ; R c o rd o f rai n fall
2 9 e ,
1 1 .

1 72 . C RIM S AND PU NISHM E N T S 3 3 ;

E ,
1

C ONF E D RA T OLDI E RS R OS T E R
E E S P t r d capitati n ; E
e e
’
s e o ve

M ontpelier Gu ard
,

64 —7 6 ;
2 bu rn t at tak 3 5 ; D ert r s e, 1 es e

64 —6 ; G o rd o n ill
2 G ray sv e s ld 3 4 ; C r ppi ng ars 3 6 ;
so 1 o e 1

B arbou rs v ille G”u ard

, , ,

66 8 ;
2 -
N n att n da n c at c h urch
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6 8—7 ; C m pan y
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1

Va In fantry 7 ; o f O ran g
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,

.
,
2 1 e Cro s t hw a i t , 3 7 , 5 9 ; Is aac , 59 , 6 1 ;
S o l di e rs i n C o m pan y E
“
J ac o b 6 1 ; Ti m o t h v 36 37 ;
ditto 7 ; Pe yton s B att e ry
,
, ,

2 2
'
William 3 0

late r F ry s 7 —3 ; f O ran ge
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’
2 2 o Cu lp pp er 3 3 7
e 2

C ulpe p er M inu te Me n
.
, , ,

R an ge rs 73
—4 ; In C ren 2 37 57
S haw s B a t t e ry
.
, , ,

7 5 ; i n a ri C u rtis Chas 6 3 7
’

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2 v , .
,
2 ,
.

o u s c o m m a nd s 75 6 ,
2 -
.

Co n fe derate S u rge n 7 5 o s ,
2 .

C o nner J o hn 3 , ,
0 .

Co nn y Captai n 7
e 1 Dan c es ighb rh d 5 6 ne o oo 12 -

7 ; Vi i an
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.
, .

C o n enti o n 8 6 ; can didates fo r

v ,
1 1 , Dani l e 44 ; R ub n
,
e e ,
1 v ,

1 49 T ra r 8 ve s , 2 1

M
. .

C ON V E N T IONS ,
E M B E RS O F ,
Ap Dau ghte r f C n f d racy 5 8 s o o e e ,
1 .

p e ndix I , 2 7 7 . Da i S am u l 5 9
v s, e , .

C ti p
o n v e n o n T ro o s 7 2 , . Da i Is aac 3 9 ; J nathan 5
v s, ,
1 o ,
0 .

C nway 4 4 ; Captain
o , , 7 1 ,
Catl t t e ,
Da i n T h
v so 4 ,
os .
,
1 2 .

7 1, 1 39 ; F . 180 . Dinkl S amu l 4

e ,
e ,
0 .

Co nway Ri r 4 ve 2 D ISS E N T E RS 4 6—9

Co k M ichae l 8 D ou gla M argare t 7
. .
, ,

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2 . s, ,
1 .

C oke J hn E te n
o ,
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101 . D wn r J 8
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,
1 0 .

C on J ph 8
o s, ose ,
0 .
2 84 HI S TO R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

D ow n H s, enr y 3 36; 0, R un F b G al
o r es , e ne r 58
H F tDq
, , .

away e xp ell d fr m e o o us e or u u e s ne , 58
B
,

F a kli
.

of u r es s e s , 1 g 76 . r n dwa d n, E r , 30; J ess e

D un m o re , 69 k tch s e 1 85
F a cati k tch —
. .
,

d u P o n t Wm ,
1 68 2 0
9 r s s e 2 04 5
F d ck
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r Co 2
9, 3 I (2 )
F d ick b g
.
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re er s ur 85
B a
.
,

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’
F ree d s en s 60
E arnes t R J eph 7 u re u, 1

F p pl c th i
.

ev os 2
tran
, . .

re e e of olo r,
E a s tham R o bt
eo e r s
6 , .
,
2 .

E dm o n d o n J ph 7 p o rt a t i o n 1 77
F R N H NDIAN W A S
.
,
s o se 1
,
—
.
,

and I 8
E d u cati on 6 ; o f gi rl s 12 12
E C R , 5 62 ;
7
, ,

Ane cdo te s
.

61
E le ati o n m an
v e 12 0
, .

, ,

k tch 8 5
.

F ry , P S 40 ; S e 1
E lk Ru n
F R Y S B ATT E R Y R OS T E R
. .
, , .

2 9
—
.
,
’

g a d Mr
En l n
2 7 2 3
Furnace J hn 6
, , .

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, 97 .

E s ex C o un ty
o 1

F um e J hn 59
, , .

s , 79 .

E u p hrat e
s, o , .

s, 1 10

B
.

E ve , 3 5 ; urn t at s tak e, 1 35 .

E xp diti o n R un
e ,
1 00 .

E X P LANA T IONS 7
Gaines J am es 6
.
,

, ,
0- 1 .

Gam ing 4 —5 ,
12 .

Garth J o hn 9 2

F a li g S p i g
, , .

l n rn 3 1 Gent g ntl m an e e 7
F ai fax Lod
.
, , , .

r r 2 4 , 93 ; Grant 2 4 G E RM A NNA 2 8, 34 42 4 7 , 7 8 , 7 9
Fa m
, , , .
, , , ,

r e r,A A 68 ; W 67 80 8 2 8 3 , 8 4 8 5 8 6, 9 2
F l J atha AND F IRS T S E T
.
, . .
, .
, , , , ,

e nne l on n, 3 0 94, 1 00, 1 1 2 ;

F y
,

F irs t and
.

e nne TL E RS —8 6
30 77 ;
Fi d
.
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el ,
A 34 ; ,
2 6, 2 7 ; COL ,
61 ; s e co n d G rm a n C o lonies e ,

M G 1 68 8 —8 4 ; E n gli s h s e ttl m e n t
0 e

Fi M a
. .
.
,

nk s , rk , 30 . 8 4 ; D e cad en ce 8 5 , .

Fi nla s o n ,
J o hn ,
2 6 2 7 34 , Ge rm an Pro te s tan ts 7 7 8 “

, ,
1 .

Ge rm an Ro ad 9 2

Fi hback J H ma
, .

s o hn , 80 ; er n, 80 Germ a nto w n 8 1 4 10

F IS AL S T AT IS T I AL — Gibbs F ran cis 6 6

, .
, , .

C an d C 1 66 1
73 0, 1

Fi h Pat ick
, .
, , .

s e r, r 60 , 6 1 Gib s on J o hn 3 9 ; J o nathan 7 1 2

Fitzg ald h m a
.
, , , , .

er T o s, 59 Gilbert Pe t e r 5 1 2

F l hm a Gle be F a rm 4 4
, .
, , .

es n, Z 82
F tai J h
. . .
, ,

on ne , o n, 81, 99 Go o d Ro ad s b o nd is u e fo r s

F ON TAIN S J O U RNAL
.
, ,

’
E , t ra 1 71 .

m on ta ne e xp diti e on , 1 04 —1 3 . G o ch
o ,
VVi llIa m ,
2 9 .
 IN D E X 2 85

G rd
o on , J am e s s ke tch 1 86 ; R H y enr P 14 6 8 69 , 7 0 , 191

H haw liz
. .
, , , , ,

L 1 63 ; Wm F s k tch
e en s E 3
H l y Ja
.
,
. .
, , ,
.

1 8 6—7 ens e ne , 72
ill 4 8 4 9 ; B o m H d
.
.
,

G o rd o ns v e, o 1 69 ; e rn on , 72 ; Z 74 1 2 4
H y H y
.
, , .
, ,

E l ati n 5 ; Gaz e tt
ev o ,
1 1 e, 1 2 9; e rv e ,
e nr ,
60 .

”
Gr ys r ter 66—68 e os 2 H J
id en , 4 0 ; D r J C 12 9; os 40
G o ern r F o rd 3 5 H ill A H ad q a t
. . . .
, . .

P 58 ;
’
v o s e u r e rs , 1 55
G r ff n r i d B ar n d H i k William J
.
, .
, . .

a e 8 e o e, 1 n e 83
H IS T ORI H OM S k tch
. .
,
.
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Gra 7
v es ,
2 . C E , s e es , 2 02

G re am e Mr am — 5
'

n es , 2 1 3 1 5
91 2 1

Gr at B ridg H it J t
. . .
,

e e , 64 e, oi s 2 6 2 9, 3 0, 3 1
H itt P t
.
.
, ,

Gr n R b rt 6 7 3 4
ee o e 2 2 1 e e r, 80
Hb
, . .
, , , ,

Green C unty e o o s on, G 2 6

Grig by H u gh B lair 8 8 H ma J H y
.
, , ,

s 1 o ff n, o hn e nr 80
B njamin 7 ; Peyton H gg Captai
. .
, , ,

G rv m es , e ,
1 , o ,
n, 58 .

4 ; Wm S Ca m p C n f d r
0 o e e H t ali g
og s e n 1
33
V t rans 58 H lladay H
. .
, .

t a e e e 1 o T 1 51
H lt M icha
. .
,
. .
, ,

o e l, 82
H ltzclaw J ac b
.
,

o o 80
H p w ll
.
, ,

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Ha g H y R H C ll g
.
,

“
e e r, e nr ev 81 o rs e o e e, 1 78
H ackl y F a ci H d i c pti
. .

e r n s, 59 ou on , n s ri on on hi s s tatu e

H al y dwa d
.
,

e E r 2 9 Wa i gt
of
— sh n on , 191 2

H al y R ba k p id
.

H wa d J h
.
, ,

se O n re s en t ,
1 68 o r o n , 2 9 , 30
H amilt Hw H
.
.
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.
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H on , G 1 79 o e, 2 2

H am ilt R b
.
,

H gh G
. . .

on , eu en 12 4 u es , eo

H am ilt Wm
.

Hm
.
,

on , u e, 36
H a m Adam H t cl b
.
, .

m ahawk
’ l I I
r on , 31 un u s, To
H a w ll R Richa d
, .
,

rt s e ev r 45 R un 1 68
Ha M
.
. .
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se, o s es , 73 .

H k tch
aw fi e ld , 44 ; S e 2 05

H aw i
.
,

William
k ns , 72 ; , 73 .

H R
ax all, B 1 78 I M POR T A T IONS lis t o f p ers on s

H ad A th y
. .
.
, ,

e n on 30 App en dix A 5 2 2

H ad B jam i
,
. .
. ,

e en n, 72 I NDIANS A N T I Q U I T I E S 5
—7; 2

H ad G g
.

M o u nd 5 —7 ; Court o rde rs
, , ,

e eor e , 30 2 ,

H b ch ch
.
, ,

e ro n ur 47, 83 .
5 6 ; T o m ahawk 5 7 ; Ca m p of

Minu te Men 5 7
, ,

H m
edge i an s r v e r, 2
’
5
H d
. .
.

en William
e rs o n , ,
2 8 .
In dian s 5 5 ,
.
2 86 HI S T O R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

Lam b J am ,
J o hn 59 6 ; es , 60 ; , ,
1

6 ; Wm
v

R icha rd 59 6 1 0

F L an d gran ts O ld grante es o f 8
, , .

J on es , er dinand 6 3 ; n C m 1 o o 1 0

Lane L itt leb rry 6

, , , , .

m it t e e t o rai w ar u b ri p se s sc e 1

Le tanc 8
.
,

ti on , a n d l o o k aft e r fam ili es 1 0

Le ach E dward 9 3
.
,

of so ldi r 5
— 3; Re
e s, 1 1 v 1

H Le dere r J o hn
.
, , .

gh 8 4 ; C 7 4 u ,
.
, .
, ,
1 02 .

J ice Tu l ly 4 5
o L ee ,T ho m as Ho n 3 7 ; J H 4 0,

J hns n B enjam in 7 4 5 ; H e ad
. .
, , , .
, .
,

o o , , .
4 9 ; R o bt E
1 49 . .
, ,
1 0

J erd o ne 8 4 , . q ua rte rs 5 5 ,
1 .

J e fi e rs on T h o m a s re o r c d of Leland Pars o n 4 4 8 8 1

Lewis J o hn 3 ; M 7 ; Z achary
, , , , , .

r ain fall ,
1 2 0, 2 02 .
, ,
0 .
,
12

J a me s o t wn f
o un d e d 14

ib rty M ill k i rm i h at 5 6
.
, ,

J am es Ri v er 1 09 L e s, s s 1

Lickin g Run 8
. .
, , ,

J ack s o n S to newall ,
“
,
h e a d qu a r ,
1 .

ters 55 ,
1 . Lightf o t C o lon l 3 3 3 7 7 ;
o ,
e ,
0, ,

Lim t e s on e , tring “
S ,
1 1 5; Q u ar
i r es , an aly es s 1 16

Kaff Micha l Lin d ay

.
,

e r, e 82 s 72 ; R Cou n t y Cha rt
K y Wil iam
.
,
.
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e ll l 30 1 7}
K mp C Lit a y F d
.
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e e r, E , 80; J L 83 ; er r un 39 1

L c t L aw
. .
. .
,

ke tch
S 1 87 ; J o hn 80 ; o us n, 2 06

L g All
.
, ,

A ndr w e 82 on en , 12 5; P hilip 7 6 1

King s Road
.
, .
, ,

31 Lo tt ry t o pa
e v e ro ad at C H 4 s .
,
0 .

K NI G H TS OF H ORS
.
, .
,

T HE E SHO E ,
Lo ui a R R
s . .
,
1 31 .

1 9 8- 1 1 3 ; T he pa rty 9 8 ; The ,
L ow Li tt le b erry 60
, , .

j o u rne y 99 ; Dis crepan cies Lu ca s J hn 59 o

M adi
.
, , ,

99 ; The h o rs e s h oes ,
L u t h ra ns 8 ; Church
e ,
2 in
S ic J u v at 101 ; The p o em s on , 47
F L yn
, ,
.

10
3; on taine s ’
J ournal ,
e, H . O .
,
1 68 .

1 0 4- 1 3; Di tan c s e t ra ll d
ve e ,

1 1
3 .

Ma gi s t e i i al di s trict why SO laid s,

O ff , 1 64 ; wh o m n am d fo r e

La F ay tt M a q i e e, r u s de , 7 4 ; S t a 1 64
ti w h M a q M ag tic d cli ati
.

on e re r u s i cam p e d ne e n on, 12 0

M a bl dd s q a
.
,

17 5 r e, To
’
u rr y 116

M a q i R ad
.
. ,

’
r u s s o ,
1 74 .
 IN D E X

Ma ss acre t he gr at e 1 6 M IS LLAN O U S
CE E 1
74
Mi i
.
, , , .

Mc Cla rne y 7 1 ss o n s , 45
Mitch ll H y
. .
,

Mc Cla yland Danie l 59 1

36 e en r 66
M adi M aca dia
, , , .
,
.
,

s on , 37, 44, A m br
77; os e on n, In ns , 5 2

M
.

Mrs . A m br ose , 2 7; Wm
o n ro e , Wil .
,
1 38 ; l of 138 ;
J am e s 4 5 , so , 6 5 . 7 1. ga r ve RAN o f, 14
3; O G E

H U MAN O I TY
,

73 ; J am es . Jr 63 . 65 , E S C E 1
39
M tag
" , .

69 , 7 2 , 1 2 4, 1 7 7, 178 ; on P t ue , 72 ; e e r, 7 1

M t b ll
.

S ke tch 1 8 8— 92 ; hi s will on e e o, 2 07

M tp i k tch
, .

2 39
—4
3; Wm J r 12 4 on el e r, S e 2 08

M a hall R M g M ON T LI R G RDS R OS T RS
. . .
, , , .

rs ev un o, 43 PE E UA E

M A R U D R B O Y S t agic t y J h B w R aid
.
, .
, , ,

G E ,
r s or of o nC ro n , 2 63 ; on
— 1 56 7 f d at W
e er e a r, 2 6 4- 6
M al y i l M F a ci
. .

lo r ,
Ur e , 71 . o o re , 77 ; r n s, 3 6 44 , ,

M dia
an a h o a c In ns , 5 69 , 7 0 , B 40; R T
M a hall J h
.
, . . ,

rs 43 ; o n, 1 7 6, 191 3 8 ; T ho s 60 , 66 ; m 44 W
M a ti J h J ph
. .
, ,

r n, R o n os e 80 ; ev 63 , 6 5 , 7 1

M
, . .

h T os 44 or gan M 2 6, 2 9
M ah Wm M
.
.
, .
, , .

o ne , gi Pa k 49 En nee r l n o rt n
o El i jah 5 ; G e 0 o 73 ; J ack
9 ; J am s W
.
, , .

ad ro 1 45 son, 1 2 e 1 64 ; J er
Ma
.
, .
,

so n , 98, 11 2 erni a h ; 50 7 4
Ma y H M
.
, .

ur Wa k L 1 2 7; l e r, 12 7 o ul din Richa rd 6 2

M
, . .
, .
, , .

M a yh u rs t , 2 0 7 o u n t G o rg e e, 1 1 1

M a Bi h p M
. .

e de , s o 42 o un tai n R o ad 9 2

M cha ic i c p at M
.
, , .

”
u n tai n R u n 9 9
“
e n n or or ed , 1 79 o

M h i dia M
.
, , ,

o un t ains S o u th W s t
“
e e rr n In ns , 1 0 5 4; e 1 1

M c
.
, ,

J h
e r e r, 2 9; o n, 2 8 2 9 Wat r he d 4 : E le ati n
e s 1 1 v o

M y P ttym a
, .
,

e rr re n, 73 o f, 1 1 5
My G g M
. .
,

e e r, eor e , 82 o un t S har n 9— o 2 0 10

Middl C ch M
.
, .

e hur 42 o un t S p o t w o d s o 1 11

Mili ta y i t ict m al M
.
, , .

r d s r re ov o f O ffi u t r m ilitia
,
s e s, 5 ,
1 2 .

i i clad ath
c als , — ro n o 1 61 2

Mill
.
,

e r, 72
Mill Captai
.

s, R g Q n, 7 1 ; o er 1
92
Mi Ri Ng R
.
, .

ne v e r, 1 0 6 e ro un , 1 33
Mi R N wm a
. .

ne un , 99 e Abner
n, 12 4; J am e s
Mi a pl m bag Ba b
.
, ,

ne r ls ,
u o, 1 1 7; Iro n k tch
S e 9 ; J am ,
1 2 es r our

g d ol 1 18 re c o rd o f rai n fa ll 1 1 8
Mi Dab y
.
, , .

no r, ne 38 Ne w Ri r 3
ve 1

Mi t M
.
, , .

nu e Cam en , 64 ; p, 57 .
2 88 HI S T O R Y OF ORA N GE CO U N T Y

N w pap
e s e rsxp it r 12 8—9 , E os o Patto n J ames 3 1

N ati Virgi
, , , , .

E xp r s P ul i t P hilip 8
“ "
e s, ve a z , ,
2 .

nia n O bs r er Pi d P yl r C h ri t ph er 8
“
e v ,
e a e s o 2

m o n t Vi rgi nian
, , , .

S o u the rn P arc y Charl s

" “
,
e e ,
e ,

”
Ch ronicl at O ran g ; G e ,
e
“
a P n d l t o n E d m u nd
e e , ,
1 76; J o hn ,

ze tt at G rd ns ville
e
"
o o 142

N ich l Alb rt 4
. .

o s, e 0 P ter s la
e ve , b e he ad d e 1
34
N orth rn Pa s 0 B ATT E R Y
, .
, , .

PE YT ON S R OS TE R
’
e s 1 1

N orth M oun tains 3

,
.
, ,

0 2 7
—32

N orth Ri r 3
.
,

ve 1 P hillip s Da id 3 ; L o na rd 3 v 0 e 0

N orthw t T rrit ry 4 P H Y SI C AL F E A TU R E S
, .
, , , .

es e o ,
I .
4
— 0; . 1 1 12

E le ati o ns 5 v ,
1 1 .

Pill ry 3 4 3 8
o , , .

Pi n S tak Chu rch

e 9 44 e ,
2 , .

O ak H il l 61
Plank r ad 3 o 1 1

P le a an t Vi w k tch
, .

, ,
2 10 .

s e e
“
O ld T r ap79 1
, s , 2 10 .

P in t Pl a an t 60
.
,
o e s
O p e c h an c a n o u g h , 6
.
,
1
Po lla rd J a m e
.

6
O RAN G E G E N SIS O F 7 5 C o un E 1 -2 7 34
, s, 2 ,
2 , .

ti s fo rm d fr m it 8 ; N ame
e
,

e o
,

1
P o ll ck J hn 4
o ,
o ,
12 .

Po p la r R un
3 ; B un da
, ,

; E s tab li h d
2 2 s e 2 o
79 ,
1 .

ri e xplain d 4 ; O R G ANI
s e e 2
,
Po p u lati n w hi t fr n gr o ,
e, ee e o es ,

Z A T I O N, 2 6—3 2
,
la es 8 6
s 7 ;
v whit ,
1 0, 1 2 es ,

n eg r
H m a A ciati
.

oes , 00 , 1
Or ang ’ 9 7 1 2

P rt r 7 7 ; B njamin 9 3 8 ;
on
.

e o rs e n s ss o
o e e 2 0, 1 0
69
, , ,
1

H U MAN S O I TY i c C h arl 7 4 7 5 3 6
.

es , 1
O RAN G E E C E n or
, ,
.

t
,
P rt u J am 3
o e s, es , 0
p o ra t e d ; T ru s ees o f ,
.

1 39 1 39;
G n ral hi to ry f
e e
,

s o 1 9—143
P tat Ru n 9
o oe ,
2 .

3
P un d 7
.
, ,

O ran ge C H in c rp rati ns n d
o s,

B en j
.

o o o a

t ru s tee 4 4
.

s,
.
,

0, 1.
P w ll A m br
o e , 58 6 6 o se , ,
0, 1 .

O RAN G E R NG E R S R O S T E R 7 3—4
A 2
5 9 ; S im o n 6 6 ; T h os 59 ; ,
o ,
1 .
,

Pric J o hn 7
.
, ,
e, 1
O rdin ari es r g u lati n o f , .

e o 12 2
P ri s n 3 4 3 8
.
, ,
o
O v ert n Captai n 5 9 , , .

o ,
P ri o n b o un ds 8
.
,
s

P RO G R E SS T o T HE M I N E S 8 7
.
,

9 7 ; T he j o u rn y 8 7 ; A rri al e ,
v ,

8 8 ; T h e i s it 8 8 — 9 4 ; D e pa rt v

age M ann A
,

P 4o ( 2 ) ure 9 4 ; In p cti n f m i ne s e o o s,

i F r d rick
,

N ighb
, .
, .

Pam u nk y 4 e ,
2 , 47 ; e or oo h d 9 5 ; R t u rn e ,
v a e e s

1 70 .
bu rg 9 6—7 , .

Pannill ,
Dr D . .
,
1 77; Wm ,
65 . P u blic S choo l tati tics 7 s, s s ,
1 1 .
 IN D E X 2 89

Ro b rt J am 6
e s, es ,
0 .

Ro bin on 9 9 8 s 8 ; G ,
2 , ,
1 12 ,
1 0 eo .
,

Q u a rl es William , 38 .
3 ; Th m as A
1 4 o .
,
0 .

Ro b rt n
e 9 8 ; William
so , ,
2 8,

33
RO C KLANDS s ke tch 2 10

acc n F o rd 3 3 3 4
.
, ,

R oo Ro ge rs William 59 61 ; Wm B
R ailro ad s L u i a N arr w gau g
, , .
, , , .
,

o s o e, 1 1 6, 1 18 ; W S 1 68

H il
.
, , .
, .

O ran g nd Al xan dria e a e R os e l 2 1 1

R OS T RS M
.
, ,

S u thern
o 3 ;C O 3 ; 1 1 1 2 tp i G a d J
E on el e r u r o hn

Mileag o f e ach 3 B w R aid App i

. .
, , , ,

e ,
1 2 . ro n ,
en d x G
R ainfall 8 9 ,
1 1 ,
1 1 . 2 63 ; C n fe derate
o ,
2 64- 6 .

Ra nd o lph J hn 7 3 ,
o ,
12 ,
2 0 Ru ckers 4 4 , .

R ap 37
e, 1 . Ru ck r ill 4 e sv e, 2 .

R apidan 8 3 3 3 3 4 99
2 2 Ru l 94 ; P t
sse e e r, 36; Wm 60 ;
; N ighb rho o d
, , , , , , , .
,

1 1 1 7 e o ,
1 0 . 1 34 .

R pp ah n n ck 3
a a 3 7 ; Ri er 8 7 o ,
2 ,
v , .

R atin gs p ric f c mm ditie

,
es o o o s

12 2 .

R awling Richard 4 s, 0 St G
g Pari h
eo r e 78 79 s 2 1

S t M ark Pari h
.
, , ,
. .
,

R E C ONS T R U C T ION 6 —6 5 ,
1 0 . .
4 79 s ,
2 2 ,
2 , .

R ct o r J ac b 8
e ,
o ,
0 . S t T h om a Church 4 3
. s , .

R f rm C on n ti n S t T h m as Pa ri h 4
“
e o 45 ve o 1 o 4 5 49 s 2

S and ers N athani l 5

. . .
, , , ,

R evenu tat c un ty di tri ct

es , s e, o ,
s 7 ,
e ,
1 ,
1 .

1 7 1 . S an f rd Wal lac
o W ,
e, .
,
2 12 .

RE V OL UT ION ( S app ndix no t ,

ee e , S an f rd Pi rce 3 8
o ,
e , .

ind x d ) 6 3 —7 ; C u lp p e r
e e 0 e S ap ou y In dian 56 s,

Minu te Men 64 7 5 ; Commit

, , .

, , S ch o o ls 8 ,
12 .

t s f S afe ty 64 ; Gr at
ee o e S c tt 4 4 7 7 ; E W
o 7 Garr tt 1 1 e

B ridg battle o f 64 ; S undry

.
, , .
, ,

e, , 3 6 6 3 ; J o hnn y 6 5 7
,
1 2 ,
1 , ,
1 ,

rd r nd allo wa n c 74; W W
—
o e s a 7 75 es , o 9 12

F ay tt h adqu arter
. .

L S e al C un ty
’
a e e s e s 77 o 1

S E V E N T H V IR G INIA I NFAN T R Y li s t
, , , .

74 ,

RE V OL UT I ON W AR OF, App n dix e o f O ran g S o ldi rs in 7 e e 2 1- 2

S hackle f rd H e nry 6
.
, ,

E, 2 —
4 7 57 6 o 0, 1

ice M icha l 60 6
.
, ,

R ,
e , ,
1 . S h i b le G eo rge 8
e , ,
2 .

Rich o n Wi lliam 3
es , ,
0 . S h ph rd 4 4 ; A n d r w
e e 7 75; ,
e ,
1 ,

Riddle J am es 6 0 6 ; J hn
, , ,
1 o ,
1
34 . J ame 4 s, 0 .

R an O ak 3
o ,
1 . S h erran do , 3 0 3 1 , .

Ro an o k Is lan d 3 e ,
1 . Shilli g
n , 7 .
2 90 HI S T O RY OF ORA NG E CO U NT Y

i
S ms , William 6 ,
0 . S te ns G n ral 7 4 ; J hn
ve ,
e e ,
o ,
1 77 .

S in gle t n E dm un d 7o 2 S t re am p ri n cipal 4 s 1 1

S lau gh t r F ran ci s
,

S t ilfy L wi
, .
, , .

6 e 7 , ,
2 ,
2 , ,34 e s, 1 .

Re P h lip 9 8 ; R o bt
v . i , .
,
S t ck
o 34 38 s, , .

2 7, 1 34 ; R . C .
,
1 68 . S t d gi ll J am
o 3 ,
es , 0 .

Sm allp o x p ,
er m it to in cu lat o e fo r , S t ro th r L aw ren c 56 e , e .

1 77 . S t u a rt G n ral 4 9 ,
e e , .

Sm ith , 3 3, 7 7 ; Capt .
, 7 1 98 ; , Au s tin S t u b b le fi e ld 72 , .

98, 1 04 , 1 06 ; A u gu s tine ,
2 6, S tyle , o ld a n d n e w 7 ,
.

2 8; J o hn 6 2 1 34 ; S um pt er G en e S k tch 1 94
Micha l Wm
. , , .
, , .

e ,
82 ; .
,
2 9 60 , ,
61 . S wift R u n , , 9 9 ; G ap , 99 .

S no w J h o n, 2 8 2 9

yd H d ick H
, , .

Sn e r, en r ,
82 ; enr y ,
82 .

So cial c u t m h abit s dr
, s o s, ,
e ss , 1 2 2 .

S ldi r R s t aliaf
’
o e s e , 2 1 1 . T e rro , 3 3 , 3 8 , 4 4 , 7 6, 7 7 ; J uo .
,

S m e rs e t
o 4 4 9 ; S k tch 2 e 2 12 ; 5,
1 2 6, J P
N ighborh d 7
,

Law
, , . .
,

e oo 1 0 Sk e tch 1
94 ; re n e , c 64
S m e r ill s F o rd 3 6
, ,
.
,

o v e
’

, . 1 80 ; Wm .
, 3 61 ; W . R .
,
1 64 ;
S o u thall S t p h n 7 3 ,
e e , . T o le v e r ,

S u t h rn Chr nicl
o e 9 o e, 12 T aliaf rr R o ad 9 e o, 2

T A X A B L E V AL U E S
.
, .

S o u t h Ri r 5 ve 2 c m parati o ve

S o u t h W es t M o u n tain
, .
,

80 s, 1 . tabl 86 8 66 9 6 73e, 1 0, 1 ,
1 0 ,
1 .

S p nc r J
e eph 5 7 6 7 7 o se 0, 1 T a y l r 3 3 7 7 9 8 ; E ra m u s 3 6
o s

4 7 ; F ra n ci s
, , , .
, , , , ,

S pillm an J o hn S , ,
o . 6 5 6 6 68 7 6 ; , , , ,

S p ts w o d
o 9 8 ; C 1 Al x o ,
0 . e .
,
2 8 ,
R s t r f C m pan y in R e
o e o o vo .
,

3 5, 4 2 56 7 7 , 8 0, 8 1 App ndix 5 ; G eo 3 6 3 7 ; e 2 2

H an c ck 6 : J am 9 63
, , , ,
.
, ,

82 ,
83, 98 , 1 50 ; Sk e tch ,
o ,
2 es , 2 , ,

1 93 —4 ; Mrs
J o hn 8 8 ,
88 ; , . 65, 7 0 , 8 4 , J o hn , 38 ,

S p o ts yl ania fo rm e d b o u n dari e
v s 1 94 ; Ro bt 76 139 :

W ZA
, , .
, ,

1 9, 2 3 , 8 5, 1 00 .

’
m B” 40 ; Z
L .
,
2 6; C HAR Y
S p u t Ru n 3
o 1 k tch
S e 1 —
95 6
F
. .
, ,

S p rings m in ral , e . 1 1 7; re e s o n e , t ll E dm u nd
T e rre , ,
1 2 4; Wm ,
1 2 4 .

11 8 . T m p rat u re m an
e e ,
e ,
12 0 .

S talli ngs G 7 6 ,
.
, . T st th
e 8
,
e, .

S tan a rd W 8 ; W G , .
,
1 0 . .
,
6 . T hack r E 8 e , .
,
1 0 .

”
S tar i ng T i m e
v 5 ,
1 . T h om p o n Al xan d s ,
e e r, 3 1 ; Da id v

S ta u n t o n R i e r 5 9 v ,
2 ,
2 .
59 , 6 1 .

S ta v s S arah 7
e , ,
1 . Th t
o rn o n , Dani l e , 74 ; F 1 5 .

S t e ph n Adam C l n l
e , ,
o o e ,
60 . Th o rn t on Ri v r e ,
o ld n me a fo r
S t p h n bu rg 6
e e s ,
0 . So u th R i r ve ,
2 5 .
 IN D E X 2 91

i kling S p ri ng 3
T n s, 1 .

T h om a s 7 7 ; J s e ph 3 7 ; R bt
,
o ,
o .
,

73 ; R wlan d 4 4 65 7 o 1 ; Wadd l J am e 44 47 7; es , 12

M m rial
, , , , , ,

Wm 7 4 ; T h m a e 4 4 o s s, . S k tch 97
— e; ,
1 2 00 e o

T ithabl 7 e, Chu rch 9 7 1

Wails M aj or 7 6
. .
,

T o bacc o 9 ,
12 .
, , .

T dd 9 8 ; Wm
o ,
8 .
,
1 0 . Walk r Charl 59 ; J am
e ,
65 ; es , es ,

T o d d s b e rt h 4 8 , 4 9 J o h n 7 0 7 9 ; T ho 5 9 1 s

dd B a ch
,
.
, , .
, .

To
’
s r n 2 9 Waller C l n l 9 o o e 0

M arbl Q u arry 6
. .
, , ,

T dd
o
’
s e ,
1 1 . Wam b ersie Mr 4 4 , .

T o dd s Path
’

9 2 W AR P E RI OD 4 8 5 9 ; Co ckad 1 - 1 es

T m ahawk B ran ch 5 7 ; Cam p

.
, ,

o f o 1 App rop riati ons by C un

48 o

Minu t M n 57
,

e e t y C o u rt 5 t q 1 1 e se

ld t 4 ; M adis on
.
,
.
,

T mb t n
o s o e, o es 2 0
’
s W AR f 8 A p p ndix D 4 4 —4 6
o 1 1 2 e 2

6 ; D lly M adi s n
.
, , ,

2 0 6 o o
’
s, 2 0 Warn r J o hn 6
e , ,
0 .

Tu rn r R b rte 8 8, o e ,
2 ,
2 . Wa hin gt n 5 8 9 7 ; In c ripti n
s o , ,
s o

Tu rn pik S wift R un 3 ; R o ck
e, 1 0 n s tat u
o 9 ; A u gu tin e, 1 2 s e

ingham 4 6 ; B lu e Ridg 4 5 7 6 ; L aw r n c
,

1 e, 1 1 76 e e, 1

T u s car ra B ran ch 3
. .
,

o ,
1 . Watkins E an 3 ,
v ,
1 .

Wat n VV lli m 6
so , I a 0 .

Watts Charl s 6 6 ; Da id 6
,
e 0, 1 v ,
1 .

Wau gh Al xan d r 9 ; Cha S e e 2 s

L ag
. .
, ,

Un i on e ue , 1 60 .
3 5 ; Wa u gh
1
7 77 s, 2 , .

U tz ,
G eo r e , g 82 . We a r Tilrn n 8
ve ,
a ,
0 .

We bb 4 7 7 ; Wm 7 3 2

Wes t o er M anus cript s 8 7

.
, , , .

v , .

Whi t J r m iah 7 ; Willi

e, e e4; 1 s 1 2

Va gha William
,

u n, 61 Whi t s 4 4 e

Vawt William
. .
,

e r, 59 W hi t O k Ri r 8
e a ve 10

V di Pa l William and M a ry C ll g
.
, , .

er e r, u 12 4 o e e,

William 4 ; F ran ci 3 ; J aco b

,

V di ill
.

er e rs v e, 44 ; My D e ars s ,
0 s ,
0 ,

”
ill v e 1 79 5 9 ; J hn 5 9 J G 64 68o 1 1

Vi gi ia C m pa y L d
,

8 ; L wi B
.
, , . .
, , ,

r n ,
o n of on on , 1 3 ; 1 0 4 64 8 ; e s .
,
0, 1 ,
1 0

Plym u th 4 ; Charters
of o ,
1 , Ske tch ; William 4 9 ; , 2 00 ,

4 ; O rigi n a l li m it
1 4 ; S E AT s, 1 W G 1 64
Ha H
. . .

N G OF I 3 t q 1 e se Willi s, rr y 95; enr y

Virgi nian f t h Vall y p m
, .
, ,

s o e e oe , Col Ge rg 7 7 ; J hn o e, 2 1 0 o

Larkin t en s on in
.
, ,

1 03
36; s

V ltai
.
,

an t dh 8 — C n f d rat A rm y
o re , o e o rs e , 1 7 9 o e
58 ; e e 1

Vt
.
,

o e in 1 8 60 , 1 48 . Willi s 7 7 ; C 01 9 6 ; VV lli , . I se s ,
2 92 HI S T O R Y OF ORA N G E CO U N T Y

Wingate J o hn 66 6 7 , , , . W ool olf k ,

6; W .
,
6; J o hn S ke tch ,

Winslow F 3 9 , .
,
1 . 2 00 —1 ; J o hn L .
,
T h o m as 39 ,
1 .

Wirt William 4 7 9 7
, , ,
1 . Wyth e, G eo .
,
1 76 .

W o lfo rd G neral 7 6 ,
e , .

Wo l e h ads b ounty n
v s
’
e ,
o

W o d J am
o ,
es .
Yat B 8
es , 1 0

Y ag N ich la 8
.
, .

W o o d Park 3 2 1 e e r, o s 2

Wo o dberry F r s t 7
.
,

Y k 74
, .

o e ,
2 .
or , .

Woo dfo rd s Mt 4
—3
’

,
10 ,
1 12 .
Y k Ri
or 7 ; h ad p i g
v e r, 1 e s rn ,
1 1 4 .

W o o d ley ke tch , s ,
2 12 1 .

Woo d s G p ’
a ,
1 02 .

W o o ds G o rg ,
e e,
Zimm e m 3 11, Ch1 l s wp he r “
82
2 9
W o o d s R i er 3
’
v ,
1 .

Zi on M ee tin g H ouse , 4 8 ,
, , .