ITS LEG END S A N D TRADITI O N S

ITS CH RO N OL O G I CAL H I STO R Y

BY A L BERT GA LL ATIN M A CKEY , M D . .

, 33
9
,

TH E H ISTORY OF TH E

A N D THE

BY W ILL IA M R . S IN G L ETON , 3 3

WITH AN

BY W ILL IA M JAM ES H U GH AN
G OF E
OF —P
N G LA N D 3 . o i! E GY PT, E TC.

VOLU M E SEVEN

S
P UBLI H D BYE

N ew Y ORK AN D LONDON
 C H A P TE R I II

S Y M B O LI S M OF N U M BE R S

"
H E b e s t way , say si n h is p reface
L awri e of ,

r e fu ti ng t h e cal um n ies w h i c h h ave b een b r o u gh t

agai nst t he fratern i ty of Free masons i s t o l ay
b e fore t h e p u b l i c a co rrect an d rat i on al accou nt
of t h e n at ure ori gi n an d p rogress of t h e in s titu
, ,

t i on t h at t h ey m ay b e e n abl ed t o d eterm in e
,

W h et h er or n ot i ts pri nci ples are i n any sh ap e , ,

con n ec te d wi th t h e p ri n ci pl es of rev ol ut i on ary a narc hy an d wh eth er ,

or n ot t h e con du ct of i ts m em bers has ever b ee n si m i lar to t h e co n

d u ct of trai tors . A n d fro m t h e p u bl ic ation o f suc h se n ti m e nt s i t
'
must be evi den t t o every B rot h er s ex p eri en ce t h at t h e feel ing
agai n st F ree mason ry w h i c h d isplaye d i tsel f so op enl y only a few
,

years ago h as assu m ed a m uc h m i l der form i f i t b e n ot e n t i rel y

, ,

rem ove d .

I t wi l l n ot h owever b e di ffic ult t o accou n t for t h e d eart h of

, ,

M ason i c writers i n a p reced i ng age B ef ore t h e 1 8 th cen tury sy m

.

b ol ic al m aso n ry bei ng l i m i te d to t h e si m pl e cere m on i al n eeded

, ,

few i ll ustrati o ns ; b ecause as t h e sci e n ce was ch i e fl y operati ve t h e

, ,

m ost val ua bl e secret s woul d be t h ose wh ic h ha d a refere nce t o b u il d

i ng to th e sc i en t i fi c ornam ent s an d decorati on s of eac h p art icul ar
,

styl e of a rc h i tectu re as i t fl ouri sh e d i n i t s own ex cl usi ve peri od an d

th ese mysteri es were com m u n i cate d gradual ly as t h e can d i dat e rose ,

t h rough t h e d ifferen t stages of h i s order or professi o n .

T here appears t o h ave been on e ge n eral pri nci pl e wh i c h e x ,

~

ten de d i tsel f over every styl e from t h e early E ngl i sh to t h e fl ori d ,

decorate d an d p erpen di cul ar an d con sti t ute d on e of t h e m ost i n c i

, ,

fa b le secrets of t h e M asoni c l o dges I t i s n ow k n ow n t o h ave b ee n

.

“
th e h i eroglyp h i cal dev i c e styled V esi ca P i sci s ; wh i c h m ay b e
’
trace d fro m t h e C h u rc h of S t J oh n L ateran an d t h e ol d S t P eter s
.
, .

at R om e t o t h e A b bey C h u rch at B at h wh i c h i s on e of t h e l ates t

, ,

G or h i c b ui l d i ngs of any c on sequ en ce i n E ngl an d I t w as form e d .

1 73 3
1 734 H I S TOR Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

b
y t wo equ al ci rcl es cutt i ng each ot h er i n th e cen ters an d w as h el d ,

in h i gh v enerat i on h avi ng been i n vari ab ly a dop ted by M aster M a

,

so n s i n all c ou ntri es I n b as rel iefs w h i c h are seen i n t h e m ost

.
-
,

a n ci en t c h urc h es over doorways i t u su al ly c i rcu m scri bes t h e figu re

, ,

of ou r S a v i ou r I t w as i n dee d a p ri n c i pl e wh i c h p ervade d every

.

b ui l di ng d ed icated t o t h e C hri sti an rel igi o n an d h as bee n ex cl usi vely ,

” 1
a t tri b u ted t o t h e sci ent i fic a c q ui re m ent s of E uc l i d .

O l i v er i n P y t/z ag or ea n Tr i a ng l e says :
,
“
T h e secret m eeti ngs
,

of m aster m ason s wi t h i n any parti cu l ar distri c t were c on fi n ed t o

, ,

co n su l tat i on s wi t h each ot her w h i c h m ai nly t e n d ed to t h e com m u n i

,

cat i on o f sc i e nce a n d of i m p rov em en t i n t h ei r art A n ev i den t r e

, .

sult was see n i n th e ge neral u n i form i ty of t h e ir design s i n arc h i tect

ure , wi t h resp ect b ot h t o p lan an d orna m en t yet n ot wi t h out ,

d ev i at ion s We m ay con c lu de t h at t h e craft or mystery of arc h i

.

tec ts an d O p erati ve m ason s w as i n v olve d i n secrecy by wh ic h a ,

k n owl e dge of t h ei r p ract ice was careful ly e x cl u de d fro m t h e acq u ire

m e n t of al l wh o were n ot en rol led i n t h ei r fratern i ty S ti ll i t was .
,

ab sol ut ely n ecessary t hat w h en t h ey engage d i n c on tracts wi t h b i sh

,

o p s or patron s o f ecclesiast i cal b u i l di ngs a sp eci ficati o n shoul d b e ,

m ad e of t h e c om p on e n t parts an d of t h e term s by w h i c h ei t her co n

,

t ract i ng party sh oul d b e ren d ere d con versan t wi t h t h e m A certai n .

n om en clat ure was t h en di vulge d by t h e m aste r m ason s for suc h a

” 2
p urp ose an d be cam e i n gen eral accep tati on i n t h e m i d dl e age s
, .

T h e ab struse cal c ul ati on s w h i c h accom p an i e d t h e sci en ces o f

geom etry an d ari t h m eti c are n o l onger necessary t o F reem ason ry as
an i n sti tut i on p urely sp ecu l at i ve ; an d t h ey were acc ordi ngly o m i tte d
i n t h e rev i sed system as i t was rec o m m en de d t o t h e n oti c e of t h e
,

Fratern i ty by t he G ran d L odge i n 1 7 1 7 an d w e retai n only t he b eau ,

t i ful t h eory of t h ese sci e n c es wi t h t h ei r ap pl i cati on t o t h e p racti ce

,

of m oral ity foun ded on t h e p ower a n d goodn ess of T G A O T U

, . . . . . .

I t woul d b e a n i nj usti c e t o ou r B ret h ren of t h e last cen tu ry t o

b el i eve t h at t hey d i d n ot e n tertai n a p rofou n d ve nerat i o n for t h e
p ri n ci p l es of t h e M ason i c or der B u t t h e c ustom s a n d h ab i ts of t h e
.

peopl e of E nglan d l i vi ng i n t h at day d i ffere d m ateri ally from ou r

, ,

ow n .

“
T h ere
were t i m es w h en con vi v ial i ty an d a l ove of soc ial h ar
m ony prevail e d over t h e m ore se dat e p u rsu i ts a n d i n vestigat i on s of
1 K e r r i ch in v ol . xv i .
, p . 2
92 .

2 D a l l a wa y , p .
41 0 .
 SY M B O LI S M OF N U M B E RS 1 73 5

sc i enc e i n wh i c h su c h a n ast on i sh i ng p rogress di sti ngu i sh es t h e

,

p resen t t i mes I n t h e seven teent h an d eigh tee nt h ce n t uri es L on

.

do n w as an at m osp h ere of c l ub s an d a soc i ety of t h i s k i n d ex i st e d

,

i n every street for t h e p ec ul i ar u se of i ts i n h ab itan ts besi des t h ose ,

wh i c h were ex cl usi vely fre quen ted by person s p ossessi ng si m i lar

tastes or hab i ts of a m u se m en t A n d i t wi l l b e n o d isparage m en t
.

t o m ason ry i f we bel ieve t h at i t s p riv ate L odges di d n ot sustai n a

m uch h igh er rank t h an som e of t h ese cel eb rate d m eet i ngs for t h e ,

K i t—C at t h e B eefst eak an d ot h er cl u b s were freq ue nte d by t h e n o

, ,

b i li ty a n d m ost cel eb rate d c h aracters of t h at p ol i sh ed era .

I t was t h e organ i z ati on of F ree m ason ry t hat gave i t t h e di s

t in c tiv e c h aracter w h i c h el evate d i t s p ret en si ons ab ove t h e com m o n
rout i n e of cl u b l i fe an d alth ough i t i s ad m itte d t hat t h e m em b ers of
-
,

t h e l atter e ntert ai ne d a strong attac h men t t o t h ei r se veral i n stitu

t i o n s yet n on e we r e so e nth usi asti c as t h ose w h o h ad e n l iste d i n t h e
,

cau se of m asonry as w e m ay l earn fro m t h e few t esti m on i es w h i c h

,

rem ai n A m aso n of h igh stan di ng m ore t h an a c en t ury ago t h us

.
, ,

e x p resses h i s feel i ngs res p e c ti ng t he order : M ason r y i s t h e dau g h ‘

ter of h eave n a n d h ap py are t h ose w h o e m b rac e h er B y i t yout h

, .

i s p assed over wi t hout agi tati on t h e m i d dl e age wi t h out an x i ety

, ,

an d ol d age w i th ou t re morse M ason ry teac h es t h e way to c on t en t

.
,

a t h i ng al m ost u n k n own to t h e greater part of m an ki n d I n sh ort .

,

i ts ul ti m at e resort i s t o enj oy i n sec uri ty t h e t h i ngs t h at are t o r e ,

j c et all m ed d l ers i n state aff ai rs or rel igi on or of a tri fl i ng n at ure ; ,

t o e mbrace t h ose of real m om ent an d w orthy ten den cy wi t h fer

veney an d z ea l u n feign e d as sure of bei n g u n c h angeab l e as e n d i ng
,

i n h ap pi n ess T h ey are ric h wit h out ri c h es i n t ri n si cal ly p ossessi n g

.
,

al l d esi rab l e good an d h ave t h e less t o wi sh for by e n j oy m en t of

,

w h at t h ey h ave L i berty p eac e an d t ranqu i l l i ty are t h e on ly ob

.
, ,

j e c ts worth y of t h ei r di l igen ce an d trou b l e

’
1
.

“
B u t t h i s as wel l as al m ost al l t h e t esti m on i es of t hat p eri o d
,

t o i ts su peri or ex cel len ce i s c on fi ned e x cl usi vely t o t h e p racti c e an d

,

rewards of C h risti an m oral i ty .

“
M odern revi si on h as h owe ver ex ten ded th e l i m i ts of sci en t i fi c
, ,

i n vest igati on i n t h e order of Free m ason ry beyon d wh at w as i n

ten de d by t h ose w h o decreed t hat t h e p ri vi l eges of m ason ry sh oul d
‘

n o l onger b e restri ct e d t o o perati ve m ason s b ut e x te n d t o m e n of ,

1 P oc k C
et om i
p a n on , p . 2 96 .
1 73 6 H I S T O RY O F F R E E M AS O N R Y

variou s professi on s provi ded t h ey were regul arly ap prove d an d i n i

,

A n d D r H em m i ng an d h i s associates i n
’
t iate d i n t o t h e o rder . .
,

t h e year 1 8 1 4 t h ough t i t ex p e di e n t to i ntrod uce so m e p ec ul i ar d i s

,

u i s i t i o n s fro m t h e syste m of P yt h agoras on t h e c om bi nati on s of

q
t h e p oi n t th e l i n e t h e s u p e r fi c e an d t h e sol i d t o for m rect angul ar
, , , , ,

tri lateral q ua d ri lateral m ul t il ateral figures an d t h e regular b o d ies

, , ,

t h e l at ter of w hi c h o n accou n t of t h ei r si ngul ari ty an d t h e m y s te r i

,

ou s n at ure u sual ly ascri be d to t h em were form erly k n own b y t h e ,

n a m e of t h e fi ve P laton ic b odi es an d t h ey were so h igh ly regarde d

by t h e anci en t G eo metri ci an s t h at E u cl i d i s sai d t o h ave co m pose d
h i s cel eb rate d work on t h e E l em e nts ch ie fl y for t h e p urp ose of d i s
,

p layi ng so m e of t hei r m ost rem arka bl e propert i es T h ese d i sq u i si .

t i on s usually c oncl u de wi t h an ex pl an at i o n of t h e forty seven t h p rob -

l e m of E u cl i d w h ic h i s c al l ed t h e E ure ka of P yth agoras

, .

“
T h at great p h i l osop h er P yt h agoras wh o by t he su peri ori ty of
, , ,

h i s m i n d i n fuse d a n ew sp i ri t i n to t h e sc i en ce an d l ear ni ng of
,

G reec e an d fou n ded t h e I tal i c sect t augh t h i s di sci p l es G eom etry

, ,

t h at th ey m igh t b e abl e t o d e duce a reason for al l t h ei r t h ough t s

an d act i on s an d to ascertai n correc tly t h e t rut h or fal se h ood of any
,

p rop osi ti on by t h e u n erri ng process of m ath e m atical dem on strati on .

T h u s b ei ng e n abl e d to c on tem pl ate t he real ity of t h i ngs a n d t o

d etec t i m p ostu re an d decei t t h ey were pron ou n ce d t o b e o n t h e
,

road to p erfect h ap pi n ess S uc h was t h e d i sci pl i n e an d t each i ng of

.

t h e P yt h agorean L odges I t i s rel ated t h at wh en J usti n M artyr

.

a p pl ied t o a l earn e d P ythagorean t o b e a d m i tt ed as a can d idate

for t h e mysteri ou s dogm ata of h is p h i losop hy h e was aske d wh et h er , ,

a s a prel i m i n ary st ep h e h ad al ready stu di e d t h e sci e nces of A ri t h

,

m eti c M u si c A st ron omy a n d G eom etry w h i c h were esteem e d t h e

, , , ,

fou r d ivi si on s of t he m at h em ati cs an d h e w a s t ol d t h at i t was i m

p ossi b l e t o u n derstan d th e p erfect i on of b eat i tu d e wi th out t he m b e ,

c ause t h ey al on e are a bl e t o ab stract t h e sou l from sen s i bl es an d ,

to p repare i t for i n tel l igi bl es H e was furth er t ol d t h at i n t h e ab

.

sen c e of t h ese s c i e n ces n o m an is ab l e t o c on te m pl ate what i s goo d .

A n d b ecause t h e can d i dat e ack n owl e dge d h i s ign oran ce of th e m h e

was refuse d a d m i ssi on i n t o t h e soc i ety .

“
A bov e al l ot her s c ie nces or p art s of t h e m at h em at i cs h owever , ,

t h e foll owers of P y t h agoras estee m ed t h e d octri ne of N u m b ers ,

w h i c h t h ey b el i eve t o h ave b een reveale d t o m an by t h e cel est ial

deit i es A n d t h ey pron ou n ce d A ri th meti c t o b e t h e m ost anc i e nt
.
 S Y M B O LI S M OF N U M B E RS 1 73 7

of all t he sc i e nces b ecause b ei ng n atu rall y first gen erated i t tak e s

, , ,

away t h e rest wi t h i tsel f bu t i t i s n ot take n away wi th t h em

, For .

i n stance an i m al i s first i n n atu re b efore m a n ; for by tak i ng away

,

a n i m al we tak e away m an b ut by t ak i ng away m an we d o n ot tak e

away an i mal T h ey c on si dered n u m b ers ex ten di ng to t h e decad t o
.
,

b e t h e cause o f t h e essen ce of all oth er t hi ngs ; an d t h erefore e s

teem e d t h e c reati o n of t h e worl d as n oth ing m ore t h an t h e b arm o
n i ou s e ffect of a p ure arrangem en t of n u m ber T h i s i dea was .

adop te d by D ryden
Fr o m h rm o y
a n ,
f r om he a ve n ly h ar m on y ,

T hi s u n v e r sa i l fr a m e b g e an

F r om h a r m o n y to h a r m on y ,

T h r ou gh a ll t h e c om p as s of t h e n o te s it r a n,

T he di p l i g fu l l i n m a n
’
a as o n c o s n .

P yt h agoras h a d an ot her i dea as we are i n form ed by C e n sori n us

, ,

res p ect i ng t h e creat i on of t h e worl d an d t augh t t h at i t was fash ,

~

i on e d accordi ng t o t h e p r i n c i p l es of m u si cal p rop ort io n ; t h at t h e

sev en p l an et s wh i c h govern t h e n ati v i ty of m ortal s h ave a h ar m o e

n i ou s m oti on a n d i n terval s corresp on d i ng t o m usi cal d ias te m e s an d

, ,

ren der vari o us sou n ds accordi ng t o t h e i r several di stan ces so p er

, ,

fec tl y con son an t t hat t h ey m ak e t h e sweetest m el ody b ut i nau di bl e ,

‘

t o u s by reason of t he greatn ess of t h e n oi se wh i c h t h e n arrow p as ,

’
sage of ou r ears i s i ncapab l e of recei vi ng .

“
A n d furt h er h e este e m ed th e m on a d t o represent t h e great
,

an d goo d C reat or u n der t h e n am e of D is or Ze us or Zau ; an d t h e

, , ,

dua d he re ferred t o as t h e evi l an d c ou n teracti ng p r i n c i p l e or dae

m o n su rroun d ed as P l utarc h ex presses i t W i t h a m ass of m atter
, ,
’

,
‘
.
’

A n d P orp hyry adds t h at t h e m on ad an d d uad of P yth agoras see m

,
’
to h ave bee n t h e sam e wi t h P l ato s p ar a s an d afi ei non h i s fi n i z e an d
‘
,

i nfi n i te i n h i s P h il e b u s ; t h e form er of wh i c h two on ly i s s u b s tan

tial t h at fi rst m ost si m p l e B ei ng t h e cause of un i ty an d t h e m easure
, ,

of al l th i ngs.

“
A c c ord i n g t o t he ab ove doctri n e t h e m on ad w as esteem e d t h e ,

fat h er of N u m b e r an d th e duad i ts m ot her ; w h en c e t h e u n i versa l

,

prej u di c e i n favo ur of o d d n um b ers t h e fat h er bei ng b ad i n greate r ,

h on o u r t h an th e m ot h er O dd n u m b ers b ei ng m asc ul i n e were con

.
,
~

s i d e r e d p erfect an d ap pl i cabl e to t h e c el estial gods w h i l e even n u m

, ,

b ers , b e i ng fem al e were consi dered i m p erfect an d gi ven to t h e ter

, ,

r e str i al an d i n fern al deit i es V i rgi l h as recor ded se veral i nstan ce s

.
 1738 H I ST O RY OF F R E E M AS O N R Y

of t h i s p redi l ecti on i n favou r of odd n u m bers .

E cl ogue h e says ( t h us t ran slate d by

, D ryden )

A r ou n d h i s wa x en im ga e fi r st I w i nd

T h r wool l e n fi l l e ts of th re e o l o r s j oi n d
ee c u
’

Th i b i n d b o t h i s t h i c d e ot d h d
r ce a u r e- v e ea ,

W h i h r o d th e s c e d a l t r t h i c i s l e d
c un a r a r e .

U neq l mb r pl s e t h e g od
’
ua nu e s ea s .

T h e E astern n ati on s of t h e p rese n t d ay ap pear t o re verse t h i s

p ri n c ipl e W h e n t wo you ng persons are betrot h e d t h e n u m b er of
.
,

l etters i n eac h of th ei r n am es i s su b tracte d t h e on e fro m t h e oth er ,

a n d i f t h e rem ai n der b e an even n u m ber i t i s c on si d ered a favour ,

~

ab l e o m e n b ut i f i t b e od d th e i n feren ce i s t hat t he m arri age wi ll

, ,

b e u n fortu nate .

E v e r y tyro k n ows t h at od d n u m bers are m ason i c an d i f h e

b e ign oran t of t h e reaso n w hy 3 5 7 an d 1 1 h ave b een adop te d as , , , ,

l an d m ark s l et h i m ap ply t o t h e M aster of h i s Lo dge for i n for ma

,

t i on an d h e wi ll t h en b e sati sfie d of t h e wi sdo m of th e ap prop ri

,

ati on b ecause n u m b er form s on e of t h e p il lars w h ic h c ontri b ut e t o

,

t h e su p port of sc i en t i fi c m ason ry a n d con sti tu tes an el em entary ,

p ri n c i pl e of G eom etry T h u s i n t h e cel eb rate d P yt h agorean tri

.
,

a ngl e c on si sti ng of ten p oi n ts t h e u pp er si ngl e d ot or

, ,

j od i s m on ad or u n ity an d represen ts a p oi n t for P y

, ,

t h ag or as con si dered a p oi nt t o corresp on d i n prop orti o n

t o u n i ty ; a l i n e t o 2 ; a su p e r fi c e t o 3 ; a sol i d t o 4 ; an d
h e d e fi n ed a p oi n t as a m on ad h avi ng p osi ti o n an d t h e ,

b egi n n i ng of al l t h i ngs ; a l i ne was t h ough t t o c orresp on d w i t h

d ual i ty b ecause i t was p roduced by th e fi rst m ot i on from i n di vi si b l e
,

n ature an d form e d t h e j uncti on of two p oi n ts A su p er fi c e w as

,
.

c om pared t o t h e n u m b er t h ree b ecau se i t i s t h e first of al l cau ses,

t hat are foun d i n figu res ; for a c ircl e w h i c h i s t h e p ri nci p al of al l ,

ro un d fi g ure s com p ri ses a triad i n ce ntre sp ace c i rcu m ference

, , , , .

B u t a triangl e w h i c h i s t h e fi rst of al l recti l i neal fi g u res i s i ncl u d e d

, ,

i n a tern ary an d rece i ves i ts form accord i ng t o t h at n u m b er ; an d

,

w as c on si dere d by t h e P ythagorean s t o be th e aut h or of al l su b

I unary t h i ngs T h e four p oi n ts at t h e b ase of t h e P yt hagorean tri
.

angl e c orrespon d wi t h a soli d or c ub e w h i c h com b i nes t h e p r i n c i p l e s ,

of l engt h b readt h an d th i ck n ess for n o sol i d can h ave less t h a n

, , ,

four e x tr e m e b ou n dary p oi nts .

 S Y M B O L I SM OF N U M BE R S 1 739

T h us i t app ears t h at i n ap plyi ng n u m b er t o p hysi cal th i ngs ,

th e system of P yt h agoras term in ated i n a tet ra d wh i l e t hat of A ris ,

totl e by om it ti ng t h e p oi n t l i m ited t h e d o c tri n e of magn i tu de t o a

, ,

triad v i a l i n e— surface — b ody I n d i v i n e th i ngs h owever t h e

, , .
, ,

form er p h i l osop h er p rofusely used t h e n u m b er t h ree b ecause i t re p ,

resen ted t h e th ree p ri n ci pal attri bu tes o f th e D ei ty T h e first .

wh ereof as we are i n form ed by C udwort h i s i n fi ni te wi t h fec un d ity

, ,

t h e secon d i n fi ni t e k n owl e dge a n d w i sdom an d t h e l ast acti ve an d

p erce pti ve p ower F rom w h i c h d iv i ne attri bu tes t h e P yth agorean s
.

an d P l aton i sts see m to hav e fram e d t he i r tri n i ty of ar c h i cal hyp os

tase s suc h as h av e t h e nat u re of pri n ci pl es i n t h e u n i verse an d
, ,

wh i c h t h ough t h ey b e ap p reh en ded as several d isti n ct su b stances

,

gra d ual ly sub or d i n ate t o on e an ot her yet t h ey m any t i m es ex ten d ,

t h e t o T h e io n so far as t o c om pre hen d t he m al l wit h i n i t .

W h i l e e m p loye d i n i n ve stigat ing t h e c uri ous an d u n i q u e p rop

e r ti e s w h i c h d isti ngui sh m any of t h e digi ts we n o l o n ger won d er ,

t h at t h e i n hab i tan ts of t h e an ci en t worl d i n t he i r ign oran ce of t h e ,

mysteri ou s secrets of scien c e an d t h e ab st ruse doct ri n e of cau ses

,

an d e fl e Cts sh oul d h av e ascri be d t o t h e i m m ediate i nterp osi t i on of

,

t h e D eity t h ose m irac u l ous resu l ts wh i ch m ay b e prod uce d by an

artful com bi nati o n of p arti cul ar n u m b ers E ven p h i l osop hy w as .

staggere d ; an d t he m ost refi n e d t h eori sts en tertai n e d si ngul ar fan

c i es w h i c h t h ey were u nabl e t o sol ve w i th ou t h av i ng recourse t o
,

su p ern atural agen cy H ence t h e p se udo sci en c e of A r ith o m an cy

.
-
,

or di v i n ati on by n u m b ers becam e very p reval en t i n t h e an cien t

,

worl d an d was u se d by P yt hagoras as an act ual em an at i on o f t h e

D ei ty . B y t h i s m ean s accor d i ng t o T z et z es h e n ot on ly wa s ab l e
, ,

t o foretell futu re even ts bu t re duce d t h e doct ri n e t o a sci e nce gov

, ,

ern e d by sp e c i fi c rul es wh i c h h e t ran sm i tte d t o p osteri ty i n h i s

,

B oo/z of P r og n os ti cs .

T h e anc ie n ts h ad a k i n d of on oman ti c ari t h m eti c t h e i n vent ion ,

of wh i c h was i n l i ke m an n er ascri b e d to P yth agoras wh eth er t ruly ,

or not i s of n o i m p ortan ce h ere i n wh i c h t h e l etters of t h e al p h ab et

, ,

t h e pl anet s t h e day of t h e week an d t h e twel ve z o diacal sign s

, , ,

were assi m i late d w i t h c ertai n n u m b ers an d t h u s by t h e u se of pre ,

scri b e d tab l es con structe d ast rol ogi cal ly accord i ng to t h e asp ect s
, ,

qual i t ies dign i t i es an d deb i l i ti es of t h e p lan ets rel at i vely t owards

, ,

t h e twel ve sign s etc t h e ad ep t wou l d auth oritat ively pron ou n ce a n

, .
,

O p i n i o n on qu est i on s a ff ec t ing l i fe an d d eat h good a n d evi l fo r t u n e , ,

i 7 40 H I ST O RY OF FREE M ASO N RY

j ourn eys d etecti on of t h eft or t h e success of an enterp ri se I t

, , .

m ust b e con fessed h owever t h at t h ese p redi cti on s were n ot al ways

, ,

correct ; for t he rul es l ai d d ow n i n di ff eren t syste m s vari ed so e s

s e n ti a l ly t h at th e wi sest m agi ci an w as frequ en tly p u z z l ed t o sel ect

an ap p rop ri ate i nterpretat i on T h e n u m eral syste m h as bee n i nt ro

.

d u c e d i n t o t h e m odern p racti ce of astrol og y an d v ery i m p ortan t r e

,

su l ts ap pear t o depen d on t h e tri n e quarti l e a n d sext il e asp ect of

, ,

t h e pl an ets i n t h e h oroscop e .

S om et h i ng of t h i s so rt was u se d b y t h e J e w i sh c abal i sts ; an d

he n ce on e of t h e rules of t h ei r cab al a was cal led g e m e tr i a or n u ,

m e r atio n wh ic h was c h i e fl y c on fi ned t o t h e i n terpretat i on of t h ei r

,

sacre d wri ti ngs . T h e l etters of th e H ebrew lan gu age b ei ng n u

m e r al s an d t h e wh ol e B i bl e b ei ng com pose d of d i ff eren t c om b i
,

n ati on s of t h o se l etters i t w as sup p ose d t h at t h e correct m ean i n g of

,

d i ffi cu l t p assages cou l d only b e ascertain ed by resort i ng t o t h ei r

n u m eri cal val ue T h e T al m u d i sts e n tertai n ed a n op i n i on t h at t h e
.

m yst ery of n u m b ers was actu al ly taugh t i n t h ei r scri p tu res b ecause

after t h e i d olatrous pri ests o f B aal h ad accep te d t h e ch al lenge of
E l ij ah t h at p rop h et c on st ructe d h i s al tar of t wel ve ston es corre
, ,

s p o n d i n g wi t h t h e twel ve t ri bes of I srael ; b ut t h ey say t h at w h e n

h e t ook t h is n u m ber for t h e spec ial p urpose of c on ci l iati ng t h e fa

vor of J e h ovah i t was n ot m erely b ecause t h e son s of J acob were
,

twelv e i n n u m ber b ut b ecause t hat parti cul ar nu m b er w as su p

,

p osed t o con tai n a p rofou n d an d u n fath o m ab l e mystery .

D i vi n ati on by n u m b ers was n ot c on fi n ed to J ewi sh or h eat h en

n at i on s b ut occup i e d m uc h atten ti on at d i ff eren t p eri ods of C h ri s
,

ti a n i ty an d sup erst it i ous prop erti es I am afrai d are st il l attac h e d

, ,

t o p arti cul ar n u m b ers as form i ng cl i m acteri cs or gran d c l i macter

, ,

i c s for t h e days of a m an s l i fe are u sual ly c on si d ere d t o b e a ffect

’

ed by t h e sep ten ary year wh i c h as i t i s freq uen tly b el i eved p ro

, , ,

duces c on si derab l e c hanges i n b ot h b ody a n d m i n d B u t t h e m ost .

re mark ab l e c h ange i n a p erson s l i fe i s at t h e cl i m acteri c or 7 x 7 49

’

, ,

years ; or t h e gran d cl i macteri c 7 x 9 6 3 years ; or 9 x 9 8 1 years ;

, , ,

eac h of wh i c h i s con cei ve d t o b e fraugh t w it h a p ecul iar fatal i ty .

A n d t h ere are n u m b ers of p erson s eve n i n t h e n i n eteen t h c en tu ry

, ,

wh o con tem pl at e t h ese p eri ods w i t h som e degree of terror an d e s ,

t ee m i t a rel i ef wh en t hey h ave passe d away .

“
T h e ex al te d i deas wh i c h were en tertai n ed by t h e an c i en t p oet s
a n d p h i l osop h ers resp ect i ng t h e m yst eri ou s p ropert ies of n u m b ers ,
 SYM BOLISM OF N U M B E RS 1 74 :

m ay b e est i m ated from t h e s uperst i ti ous uses to wh i c h th ey were

m ade su b servi en t i n al l cou ntri es w het her i n h abi tan t s were savages,

or re fin ed Th e for m er saw t hat t h e n u m b er of h is fi ngers e n d e d

.

at t en ; an d t h is c on sti tu ted t h e am ou n t o f h i s k n owledge It .

form ed th e stan dard of al l h i s com p utat ion s W h e n a savage on .

,

h i s warpat h w as ask ed t h e n u m b er of h i s en e m i es i f few he woul d

, , ,

h ol d on e or m ore of h i s fi ngers ; i f m any t h e m all A n d i n w hat , .

e ver m an n e r h i s i d eas of u n i ts m igh t b e d esign ate d t h e cal cul at i on ,

wou l d al ways e n d i n te n T h us i n H o m er P roteus counts hi s sea

.
, ,

cal ves by fi ve s or i n oth er wor d s by t h e n u m b er of fi ngers on h is

,

h an d S e veral n at i ons i n t h e wi l ds of A m eri c a h ave t o t h is d ay n o

.

ot h er i nstru m en ts of calc u lati on I t i s an ot her stro ng presu m pt i on

.

of t h e trut h of wh at I n ow advance t h at al l ci vi l i z ed nati on s cou n t ,

by t e n s te ns of ten s or hun dre d s ; ten s of h un d re d s or t h ou san ds

, ,

a n d so on b ut always from ten t o ten We can d i scover n o reas on

, .

w h y t h i s n u m b er sh oul d be c h osen rat h er t han any oth er for t h e

te rm of n u m erati on ex cep t t h e pri m it i ve p ract ic e of cou n ti ng by
,
” 1
t h e fi ngers .

“
A rit h m eti cal O perati on s says t h e A b b é P l uc h e
, were fac i l i ,

tate d a n d sh orte n e d fi rst by t h e use of c ou nters a n d afterwards by ,

figu res or c hal ked l etters T h us t h e R om an s Wh e n t h ey h ad a m i n d

.
,

to e x press u n i ty ei t h er hel d u p on e fi nger or c h alke d t h e figure

,

1
. T o ex pres s t h e su cceed i ng n um bers t h ey drew 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , , .

For t h e n u m b er fi ve t h ey de pressed t h e t hree m i d dl e fi ngers an d e x ,

ten de d t h e t hu m b a n d l i ttl e fi nger onl y w h i c h form e d t he V T h ey , .

sign i fi ed te n by p utti ng two V s on e u p on t h e ot h er t h u s X or b y

’

, , ,

j oi n i ng t h e m toget h er wh ic h form ed X T h en t hey co m bi ne d t h e

, .

X t h e V an d t h e 1 t il l t h ey cam e u p t o fi fty or five t en s wh ic h

, , , , ,

t h ey ex presse d by l ayi ng t h e fi ve u pon i ts si de t h us T h e figure ,

i n t h i s p ost ure assu m e d t h e form of an L A h u n dred was m ark ed .

wi t h two L s p ut on e u p on t h e ot h er E w h i c h was su bsequ en tly

’

rou n de d i n to a C F i ve h u n dre d was ex pressed b y L C a n d a

.
,

t h o usa n d by C L Q T hese figures were afterwards c h anged t h e on e

.
,

i n t o D an d th e ot h er i nto C LQ or M
, T h e G reek s an d H e brews
, .

e m pl oye d t he l etters of t h e al p h ab et range d i n order to ex press al l ,

i m agi n abl e n u m b ers .

A m ongst t h ese sages t h e M onad r ep resen te d t h e t hron e of

,

I
G og u e t , Or igi n of La w s ,” v ol . iv .
, p . 2 16 .
i 7 42 H I STORY OF F R E E M AS O N R Y

t h e O m n i pote n t D e ity pl aced i n t h e cen tre of t h e em pyrean t o

, ,

i n di cat e T G A O T U b y wh o m all t h ings were m a d e an d

. . . . . .
,

p reserved T h i s d isposi ti on w as sy m b ol i sed by t h e

.

h i erogram of a p oi nt wit h i n a c i rcl e or equ i lateral

tri angl e t o e x em p l ify equal ly t h e un i ty of t he d i v i n e
,

esse n ce an d H i s eternity h avi ng n ei t h er begi n n i ng of years n or e n d

, ,

o f days A n d t h i s d e d u c t i on app ears p erfectly reason abl e b ecau se

.
,

t h e M on a d or P oi nt i s th e origi nal an d cau se of t h e e n tire n u m eral

syst em as G o d i s th e cause of al l t h i ngs bei ng t h e on ly an d great
, ,

C reator o n wh om eve r yt h i ng depen d s : for i f t h ere were m ore al l ,

p owerful B ei ngs t h an on e n on e woul d b e i n depen den t n or woul d all , ,

p erfec ti on b e c en t re d i n on e i n d i vi d ual n ei t h er form al ly by reaso n ,

‘

of t h ei r d i sti n ct i on n or em i nen tly a n d v i rtu ally for t h e n on e sh oul d

, ,

h ave power to p rodu c e th e ot her an d t h at nature w hi c h i s p roduc i bl e ,

i s n ot d i vi n e B u t al l ack n owledge G od to be absol utely an d i n fi ni tely

.

perfect i n w h om al l perfect i on s i m agi nable w h i ch are si m pl y suc h

, , ,

m u st be contai n ed form al ly an d al l ot h ers w h ic h i m ply any m i x tu re ,

’
of perfect i on vi rt ual ly , .

S th e n i das t h e L ocri a n says “

T h e first god i s con cei ved t o b e ,

t h e fath er b ot h of gods a n d m en b ecause h e i s m il d t o everyt hi ng ,

w h i c h i s i n su b j ect i on to h i m an d n eve r c eases to govern w i t h ,

provi den t i al regard N or i s h e al on e sat isfie d wi th bei ng t h e m ak e r

.

of al l t h i ngs b ut h e i s t h e n ou ris her t h e p recep tor of e ve ry th i ng

, ,

b eaut i fu l an d t h e l egi sl at or t o al l t h i ngs e qually

,
.

T h e u n i versal sym b ol by wh i c h t h i s great B e i ng was d esignated

“
,

via t h e p oi n t wi t h i n a ci rcl e i t m ay be n ec essary t o ex pl ai n wi t h

, ,

som e degree of mi n u teness b e c ause i t co nst i tu tes o n e of t h e m ost ,

i m portan t e m b l e m s of m ason ry O n e of t h e earl i est h eath en p h i l os .

op h er s of w h om h i story gi ves any accou nt w a s H erm es T r i s m eg i s

tus an d h e desc ri bes t h e M ak er of t h e u n i verse as a n i ntell igi bl e

,
‘

sp h ere w h ose cen tre i s everywh ere an d wh ose ci rc u m fere nce can not ,

b e defi ned b ecause t h e u n i verse i s b ou n dless an d H e ex i ste d fro m

’

, ,

al l etern i ty D av i d ex pressed a si m i lar sen ti m en t wh e n h e sai d

.
,
’

T h ou art t h e sam e an d T h y years wi l l have n o en d W e are t ol d

‘
,
.

th at t h e P ersian s w he n t h ey w i sh e d t o p ay a h igh respect t o t h e

,

D eity ascen ded t o t h e top of a h i gh m ou n t ai n an d ex pan di ng bot h

, ,

h an ds th ey prayed t o H im i n t h e n am e o f t he ci rcl e of h eave n

,
‘
.

1
P e a r s on o n th e C r e ed, A rt . 1 .
 SY M BOLISM OF N U M BERS 1 74 3

I n l ik e man n er , t h e J ews en tertai n ed a bel ief t h at t h e h eaven O f ‘

h eaven s coul d n ot c ontai n H im T h e R om an s place d a ci rc ular

’
.

target as a sym b ol of t h e D ei ty b ecause as i n t h e c irc u m feren ce , ,

th e re i s b u t one p oi n t at i t s centre an d can be n o m ore so i n t h e , ,

w h ol e c i rc u m ference of t h e u n i verse t h ere can b e o nly on e p erfect

an d p o werfu l G o d ; n or i s i t possi bl e t h ere sh oul d be a n ot h er .

“
I h ave recei ve d a suggesti on from a v ery i nt el l ige n t b rot her
respecti ng th i s sy m b ol wh i c h m eri ts con si derati on
,
H e says .

W h en t h e W M el ect e nte rs i n t o t h e obligati on of an I n stal l e d

. .

M aster t h e breth ren for m a ci rcl e rou n d h i m h e b ei ng i n t h e

, ,

c en tre ; an d i n t h i s sit uati o n h e i s sai d t o b e t h e representat i ve of

S ol om on t h e son of D avi d
, N o w as t h i s i s u nqu est i on ab ly a
.
,

C hri sti an degree I u n d erstan d t h i s son D avi d t o b e a figu rat i ve

,

ex pressi on for t h e R e d eem er O f m anki n d T h e W M i s t h e n . . .

speci all y i n tru ste d wi t h t h e H oly S cri p tures an d i n veste d wi t h a

j ewel wh i c h i s em bl e m ati cal t h ereof an d it t h en b e com es h i s duty ,

t o ex h ort h i s b ret hre n to searc h t h ose S cri p t ures b ecau se t h ey c on ,

tai n t h e words of eternal l ife an d testi fy t o t h e d i vi n ity of C h rist

, .

S earc h i ng i m pl i es som et h i ng l ost ; an d ou r anc i en t bret h re n t h e ,

early C h ri stian s after t hey h ad l ost by an u nt i m ely deat h t h ei r

, , ,

L ord an d M aster re m e m b ered t hat wh i l e asse m bl ed t oget h er i n

,

L odge h ere b el o w H e p rom i sed t hat w h en two or t h ree were

, ,

gat h ere d t ogeth er i n H is n am e H e woul d b e i n t h e m i d st of t he m

,

a n d c h eered by t he rec ol l ecti on t h ey were n at ural ly l ed t o h op e

,

t hat H e woul d al ways b e fou n d i n t h e ce ntre of t hei r c i rcl e wh en

“

ever regularly assem b l e d toget h er i n a j u st an d perfec t L o dge

d ed icate d t o G od an d h oly S t J oh n I n l i ke m an n e r w e are r e . .
,

m i n de d by t h at sacre d sy m b ol t h at H e i s al ways i n t h e m i dst of u s

— th at H i s al l seei ng eye i s al w ays u pon u s an d th erefore ex h ort e d
-
,

t o d isc h arge our d uty t owards H i m an d ou r fell ow creat ures wit h -

1
freedom ferven cy an d z eal
, , .

T h e M on ad am ongst t h e G reci an p h il osop h ers was a sy m b ol

, ,

of t h e h erm ap h rodi te dei ty or j u nct i on of th e se x es b ecause i t par

, ,

takes of two n at ures I n a mysteri ous passage of t h e Y aj u r V e da

.
,

B rah m a i s sp oke n of after h is e man at i on fro m t h e gol d en egg as

, ,

ex p erien c i ng fear at b ei ng al one i n t h e u n i verse ; h e th erefore

wi l led t h e e x i ste n ce of an oth er an d i nstan tly b ecam e m ascul o ,

T hi s r e fe r s i h
to th e A n c e n t M e t od of n s ta i l l ing a wor s hip f l M
u as te r .
 1 744 H I ST O R Y OF F RE E M AS O N RY

fe m i n i n e T h e t wo sex es t h u s ex i sti ng i n on e god were i m m e d i

.

ately by anot h er act of vol i ti on d i vi ded i n twai n an d beca m e m a n

, , ,

a n d wi fe .T h i s tradit i on see m s to h av e fou n d i ts way i n to G reece ;

for t h e A n drogy n e of P l ato i s b ut anot h er versi o n o f t h i s O ri en tal
m yt h . I f t h e M onad b e adde d to an od d n u m ber i t m akes i t ,

e z e n an d i f to an eve n n u m b e r i t m akes i t o d d
, H en ce i t w as
, .

cal l ed J up iter b ecause i t stan ds at t h e hea d of god s an d m e n ; an d

,

al so V esta or Fi re b ecause l i k e t h e p oi nt wi t h i n a c i rcl e i t i s seate d

, ,

i n t h e m i dst of t h e worl d I t was al so call e d t h e T h ron e of J u p i

.

ter fro m t h e great p ower wh ic h t h e cen tre h as i n th e u n i verse b ei ng

,

ab l e t o restrai n i ts ge neral c i rcular m ot i on as i f t h e c ustody of t h e

M aker of al l t h i ngs were con sti t ute d t here i n .

P l utarc h tel l s u s t hat N u m a b ui l t a te m pl e i n an orb i cul ar for m

for th e preservat i on of th e sacred fi re ; i n ten d i ng by t h e fash i o n of
th e edi fice t o sh adow ou t n ot so m u c h t h e eart h as t h e wh ol e
,

u n i verse ; i n t h e c en tre of wh i c h t he P yt hagorean s pl ace d Fi re ,

w h i c h t h ey cal l e d V esta an d U n ity T h e P ersi an s worsh i ppe d t h e .

ci rc u m feren ce b u t i t coul d o nly refer t o t h e ap p are n t c ou rse of t h e

,

su n i n t h e fi r m am e n t w h ic h i s t h e b ou n dary of co m m o n ob serva
,

ti on for t h e real c i rc u m feren ce i s far beyon d t h e c om preh en si on o f

fi n i te m an A n d t h e su n u n der t he sym b ol of a p oin t wi th i n a
.
,

ci rcl e w as t h e great obj ect of worsh i p a m o ngst t h e D i onysian

,

arti st s wh o b u i l t t h e T em pl e o f S ol om on .

T h e M on ad furt h er sign i fi ed C haos t h e fat h er of l i fe su b , ,

stan ce th e c ause of T rut h reason an d t h e recep tac l e of al l t h i ng s

, , , .

A l so i n greater a n d l esser i t sign i fied eq ual i n i n te n ti on an d rem i s

si on m i ddl e ; i n m u l ti tu d e m ean i n t i m e n ow t h e presen t
, , , , ,

1
b ecause i t co nsi sts i n on e part of t i m e w hi c h i s al ways p resen t .

T h e c ab al i sts con si dered t h at t h e fi rst etern al p ri nc i pl e i s m agi cal ,

an d l ik e a hi d den fi re i s e tern al l y k n own i n i t s col ou rs i n t h e figu re

, , ,

i n t h e wi sdo m of G od as i n a l ook i ng glass T h e m agi cal c en t re

,
-
.

of t h e first pri n ci pl e i s fi re w h i c h i s as a sp i ri t wi th ou t pal pabl e

, ,

su b stan ce .

“
T h e l earn e d A b e n E z ra on t h e 1 1 th c hapter of D an i el says t h at
, ,

t h e n u m b er on e i s i n a m an n er t h e cau se of al l n u m b ers a n d i t is ,

b esi d es a c om pl ete n u m ber ; i t c au ses m ul ti pl icati on an d rem ai n der

bu t does n ot ad m i t of ei t h er i t sel f A n d i n a noth er pl ace h e say s,
.

1 M a c r ob . in 5 0m m 1 1 s 6 .
. .
T H E OD OR E S . P ARV IN
1 746 H I STO RY or F R E E M AS O N R Y

tr e m est W est i n cl u di ng t h e G oth s t h e Celts an d t h e aborigi n es of

, , ,

A m eri ca .A l l ack n owl e dge t h e u n ity of T G A O T U w h et h er . . . . . .

,

i n vol ved i n t h e d eep est ig noran c e or re fine d by c i v i l i z at i on a n d a ,

k n owl e dge of p h i losop hy an d sc i enc e T h e sages of G reece t h rough .

,

a seri es of w ire d rawn reason i ng cam e t o t h e sam e c on cl u si on as t he

-
,

u n i n form e d savages of B ri tai n S can d i n av i a M ex ico or P eru 1 , , , .

“
Zoroaster i s su b l i m e i n h i s descri pt ion O f t h e D eity ; b u t h e
h ad en j oye d t h e ad van tage of associ ati ng w it h th e l earn e d J ews a t
B abyl on an d fro m t h e m dou b tl ess he h ad acqu ire d h i s k n owl edge
, , , .

H e taugh t t h at G o d i s t h e first i n corru pti bl e etern al u n m a d e i n , , ,

di vi si b l e n ot l i k e anyt h i ng t h e au t h or of al l good t h e wisest of th e

, , ,

wise t h e fat h er of j ust ic e sel f taugh t a n d absol ute l y p erfect

, ,
-
An .
’

ax i m e n es t h e fol l ower of T h al es l ike h is m aster was a b ol d an d

, , ,

su b tl e reason er an d c al le d eve ryt h i ng by i ts p rop er n am e

, H e .

d en om i nate d th e o n e G od Zeus by w h ic h h e i n ten d ed t o i n t i m ate ,

t h at l ik e t h e ai r w e b reat h e H e i s i n fi n i te om n i prese n t an d etern al

, , , , .

T h e E m p eror T raj an i n a co nversati o n wit h t h e R ab bi J osh ua h ear

, , :

i ng t h e l atter say t h at G o d i s eve rywh ere p resen t o b serve d I

‘ ’

, ,
‘

sh ou l d l i ke t o see H i m G od s p resen ce i s i n dee d everywh ere

.
’ ‘ ' ’

re pl i ed J osh ua b ut H e can n ot b e seen ; n o m ortal eye can b eh ol d

,
‘

H i s gl ory .
’
T h e E m p eror i n si ste d W ell sai d J osh ua sup p ose .
,
’

,
‘

’
we try fi rst t o l ook at on e of H is a m b assa d ors T h e E m peror con .

sen ted T h e R a b b i t ook h i m i nt o t h e op en at n oon d ay an d b id

.
,

h i m l ook at t h e su n i n h i s m eri dian spl en dor I c an n ot — t h e l ight .

‘

’ ’
da zz l es m e T h ou art u n ab l e sai d J osh ua t o e n du re th e l igh t of
‘ ‘
.
, ,

H is creat ures a n d canst t h ou ex pec t t o b eh ol d t h e resp l en d en t gl o r y

,

of t h e Creator ? W oul d n ot su c h a sigh t a nn i h i l ate y ou

X en op han es t h e p ri n ci pal l ea d er of th e A l e atic se c t e nt er
, ,

tai n e d t h e sam e b el ief a n d descri be d th at G reat B ei ng w h om t hey ,

al l ad m i tte d t o b e i ncom preh en si bl e as i ncorp oreal i n su b stance , , ,

a n d figure gl o b ul ar a n d i n n o resp ect si m i lar t o m an T h at H e i s .

a l l sigh t an d h eari ng bu t does n ot b reat h e , T hat H e i s a ll t h ings ; .

t h e m i n d an d wi s d o m ; n ot gen erat e b u t etern al i m passi bl e an d , , ,

i m m utabl e P ar m en i des h e l d t hat t h e p ri n ci pl e of al l t h in gs i s

’ ‘
.

’
on e ; bu t t hat i t i s i m m ovabl e S oph ocl es assures u s th at i n h i s
.

t i m e t h e bel i ef i n one G od w h o m ade h eaven a n d eart h w as p r e v a

, , ,

l en t am ong t h ose wh o h ad b een i n i ti ate d i n t o th e G reater mysteri es .

Ol i v er .
2 G ood h u gh
’
s Le c tu r e s on B ib l i g phi l Li t
o ra ca e r a tu r e .
 SY M B OLI SM OF N U M BERS 1 7 47

S o c rates an d h i s p up i l P l ato m ai n tai n e d t h e sam e op i n i o n .

B y t h e n am e of G od sai d t hey
, w e m ean t h e paren t of t h e worl d ;
,

th e b u i l der of t h e sou l ; t he m aker of h eaven an d eart h w h o m i t i s

d ifli c u l t to k n ow by reason of H is i ncredi b l e p ower ; an d i f k n own ,
’
i t i s i m p ossi bl e t o cl ot h e o ur k n owl edge i n words A n ax agoras .

con ten de d for t h e su p re m e gov ern m en t of on e G od b ut ac k n owl ,

edge d t hat h e was u n abl e to com p re h e n d h i s nat ure H is pu p il E u .

,

r i p i de s h oweve r w as m ore fort u n at e for h e d i scovered t h e o m n i

, , ,

presenc e of t h e D ei ty ; an d con fesse d i t by ask i ng wh et her i t i s p os

si b l e t o c on fi n e H i m wi t h i n t he wal l of a t em pl e b ui l t wi t h h an ds ?
P rotagoras w a s b an i sh e d by t h e A t h en ian s for i m pi ety i n decl ari ng
t h at h e k new n ot h i ng O f t h e god s becau se i n s o sh ort a l i fe i t was
,
’
i m possi bl e t o acq u i re a k n owl edge of th em .

“
Zen o t augh t t h e u ni ty an d etern i ty of t h e D ei ty P lu tarc h , .
,

l earn e d i n al l t h e ri tes an d doctri n es of t h e S p uri ous Freem ason ry

of E gyp t an d G reec e ex presses h i m sel f pl ai nly o n t h i s p oi n t i n h i s
,

treatise of I si s an d O si ri s A ri st i des b el i eve d an d taugh t h i s d i sci

.

pl es t h at J ove m ade all ex i st i ng th i ngs i n t he eart h t h e h eave ns or

‘
, , ,
’
t h e sea .

T h us was th e doctri n e of t he M ona d or u n i ty t h e first p oi nt i n ,

t h e Py t/zag or ea n Tr i ang l e carri e d out i n th ese early ages an d

, ,

a m ong an i dolatrous p eopl e ; for h oweve r t hey m igh t worsh i p a n

i n defin i te n u m b er of i ntel l ige nc es th ey h ad d i scri m i nat i o n e n ough
,

t o p ercei ve t h at t h ere coul d b e on ly on e B ei ng of u n bou n de d p ower ,

b ecause a du pl i cat i on of suc h b ei ngs woul d ci rc u m scri b e t h e poten cy

of eac h i n d ivi du al an d dest roy h i s om n i p ote nc e an d i m m u tab i l i ty
, .

“ ” “
I t w as i dl e says B ryan t
, i n t h e anc i en ts t o mak e a d i sq ui si ti on
,

ab out t h e i den ti ty of any go d as com pare d wit h an ot h e r ; a n d t o

,

ad j u dge h i m t o J up i ter rat h er t ha n t o M ars t o V e n us rat h er t h an ,

D ian a . A ccor d i ng t o D iod or u s so me t h i n k t hat O siri s i s S erap i s

,

oth ers th at h e i s D i onysu s ; ot h ers stil l t h at h e i s P l ut o ; m any tak e

,
”
h i m for Zeus or J u p i ter an d n ot a few for P an
, .

“
T h e twofol d reason of d i versi ty an d i n equ al i ty an d of every ,

t h i ng t h at i s d ivi si bl e i n m ut ati on an d ex i sts som eti m es on e way

, ,

someti m es an ot h er t h e P yt hagorean s cal le d D ua d for t h e n at ure of

, ,

t h e D ua d i n p arti cul ar t h i ngs i s suc h T h ese reason s were n ot c on

.

fi n e d to t h e I tal i c sect b u t ot h er p h il osop h ers al so h ave l eft certai n

,

u n i ti ve p owers wh ic h c om pri se al l t h i ngs i n th e un i verse ; an d

am ongst t he m t here are certai n reason s of qu al ity d issi m il i tu de ,
.
1 74 8 H I ST O RY O F F R E E M AS O N R Y

an d d i versity N ow t h ese reaso ns t h at t h e way of t eac h i ng m igh t

.
,

b e m ore persp icu ous t h ey cal le d by t h e n am es of M on a d a n d D uad ,

,

b u t i t is al l on e a m ongst t h e m i f t h ey b e cal le d b i form or equal i ,

1 ”
form or d i versi form .

Fro m suc h defi n it i on s an d p ri n ci pl es i t w i l l n ot b e d ifli c u l t t o

see t h at t h e D uad was su ffi cie n tly c om pre h en si ve t o ad m i t of a vast
n u m b er of referen ces a n d t h erefore t h e prol i fi c fan cy o f p oets an d
p h i losop h ers assign e d t o i t a variety of re m arkab l e qu al i ti es B ei ng .

e ve n i t was esteem e d an u nl ucky n u m ber an d d e d icate d t o t h e ,

mal igna nt ge n i i an d th e i n fernal dei t i es b ecause i t con veye d t o t h e ,

m i n d i d eas of dark n ess d el usi on versati l ity an d u nsteady con , , ,

” 2
d uct . For t h i s reason t h e P yt hagoreans spok e of t wo k i n ds of ,

pl easu re w hereof t h at wh ic h i n d u lg eth t o t h e bel ly an d t o l asci vi ou s

,

n ess by profusi on of weal th th ey co m pared to t h e m urderou s songs

, ,

of th e S yren s ; t h e ot her wh i c h c onsist s i n t h i ngs h on est an d j ust , ,

c om p risi ng al l t h e n ecessary i n dulge nces of l i fe i s qu i te as attrae ,

" 3
ti ve as t h e form e r an d does n ot bri ng repe ntan c e i n i ts trai n
,
The .

D uad was con si dere d i n de fin i te a n d i n dete rm i n at e because n o per ,

feet figure can b e m ade from two p oi n ts on ly wh ich i f u n i te d , , ,

w ou l d m erel y b ec om e a righ t l i n e whence a n oti on w a s ori g i nate d

th at i t i s defect i ve i n i ts p ri n ci pl es an d su per fl u ou s i n i ts ap p l ica ,

ti on t o t h e sci en ces I t sign i fi e d al so m isfortu n e fro m a ge n eral

.
,

b el ief i n it s u n prop i ti ou s qual i t i es ; an d d iscord b ec au se i n m u si c ,

t hat wh i c h re n ders d isson an c es grat i ng i s t h at t h e sou n d s w h ic h , ,

form t he m i n st ea d of u n i ti ng t o p rod uce h arm ony are h eard eac h

, ,

by i tsel f as two d ist i n c t sou n ds t h ough p ro d uce d at on e an d t h e ,

“
sam e ti m e B ran d tel ls u s t h at t here i s a l ittle h i story ex ta n t of
.

t he u nfortu n at e reigns of W i ll i a m I I H e nry I I E dwar d I I .

, .
,
“
R i ch ard I I C harl es I I an d J am es I I
.
, e nti tl e d N u m eru s I n
.
, .
,

faust us i n t h e p reface to wh i c h t h e aut h or says S uc h of t h e ,

“

k i ngs of E ngl an d as were t h e S econ d of any n am e p rove d ve ry ,

”
u n fortu n ate p ri n ces .

T h e n u m ber t wo w a s re ferred t o J u n o b ecause sh e was t h e si s ,

te r an d wi fe of J o ve 2 an d h en ce th e D uad b ecam e a sy m b ol o f
5

m arri age O n t h i s su bj ect H ie r oc l e s say s t wo t h i ngs are n ecessary

.

t o al l m en i n or d er t o pass t hrough l i fe i n a b e c om i ng man ner v i a , ,

t h e a id of k i n d red a n d sym path et ic ben evol en ce B u t we can n ot

,
.

P or p h .
, H i st . Phi l p , .
3 2 .
2
P or p h .
, Vit . p . 84 .
3 ibi d p .
, . 2 5 .

P op A n t
.
,
”
vo l iii p
. .
, . 1 45 .
5
M ar t . C p l
a e .
, B u lo g . in s om n . Scr ip .
 SYMBOLISM OF N U M B E RS 1 749

fi n d an yt h i ng m ore sym pat h eti c t h an a wi fe n or anyt h i ng m ore ,

k i n d re d t han ch i l dren b ot h of w h ic h are a fforded by m arriage

, .

A n d t o p rodu ce t h ese two ben efi c ial e ff ects Cal l i c r a ti d e s gi ves t h e ,

fol lowi ng ex cel l e nt advi c e : W e d l ock sh oul d b e coadapte d t o t he

‘

pecul iar ton e of t h e soul so t hat t h e h u sban d a n d wi fe m ay n ot

,

onl y accord wit h eac h oth er i n prosp erous b ut al so i n a d verse fort , ,

u n e I t i s requ i site t h erefore t h at t he h u sban d sh oul d b e t h e reg

.
, ,

u l a t or m aster an d p rec eptor of h i s wi fe T h e regul at or i n dee d i n

, , .
, ,

payi ng d il ige n t atten ti o n to h er a ff ai rs ; b ut t h e m aster i n govern ,

i ng an d ex erc isi ng aut hority over h er ; an d t h e p recep tor i n t eac h

’
i ng h er suc h t h i ngs as are fi t for h er t o k n ow .

B u t h ow u n fortu n ate soever t h e D uad m ay h ave been estee m ed

as a gen eral pri nc i p l e i t was n ot devoi d of i t s share of b e n e fi c e n t
,

p ropert i es t o b al an c e agai n st t h ose t hat were m al ign an t or for b i d

’
di ng . T h e t wo p ri n c i pl es sai d t h e P a r a cel s i c L ectu r es of Con ti
‘
,

n en i a l M a s on r y are n ot al ways at stri fe b ut som et i m es i n l eagu e

, ,

wit h eac h oth er to pro d uce good T h us d eat h an d angu i sh are t h e

, .

cause of Fi re b u t fi re i s t h e cause of L i fe T o t h e abyss i t gi ve s

, .

sti ng an d fi e r c e n e ss el se t here woul d b e n o m ob il i ty T o th e Ligh t

, .

— worl d essen c e else t here woul d b e n o producti on b u t an e tern al

, ,

A rcan u m T o t h e worl d i t gi ves b ot h essen ce an d spri ngi ng

.
,
’
wh ence i t b ec om es th e cause of al l t h i ngs T h e D ua d w as de fi n e d .

by th e P yt h agorean s t h e on ly pri n c i pl e of p uri ty ; yet n ot even

,
‘
,

nor eve nly e v n n or u nevenly eve n n or even l y u n eve n

i
'

, I t was an
, .
’

e m bl em of fort i t u de an d c ourage an d taugh t t hat as a m an ough t t o ,

d o n o wrong n ei th er ough t h e to suffer any wit h out d ue sen se an d

, ,

m odest resen t men t of i t ; an d th erefore accord i ng t o P l utarc h t h e , ,

E p h ori l ai d a m ulct u p on S c i r ap h i d as b ecause h e tam ely su bm i tte d,

to m any i n j uri e s an d affron ts concl u d i ng h i m p erfectly i n sen si b l e

,

t o h i s own i n terest as h e d i d n ot b ol dly a n d h on estly vi n d i cate h i s

,

rep utat i o n fro m t he wrongs an d aspersi on wh ic h h ad been cast u p on

it ; u n de r t h e i m pressi on t hat h e woul d b e e qu al ly dul l an d li stl ess
m th e defen ce of h i s coun try i f i t sh oul d be a ttack ed by a h osti l e
,
’
i n vader .

“
T h e D u ad was el evate d b y t h e an ci en t p h i l osop h ers of th e
I tal i c sec t i nto a sy m b ol of J ustice b ecause of i ts t wo equal parts , .

H e nc e A rchytas wh o was a fol l ower of P yt h agoras says

, The , ,
‘

m an n ers an d p ursu i t s of t h e ci ti z en s sh oul d b e deepl y ti n c ture d

wi t h i u s ti c e for t h i s wi l l cause t h em to be su ffi c i en t to t h e m sel ves ,
1 7 50 H ISTORY OF FRE E M AS O N RY

a n d wi l l be t h e m ean s of d istri bu t i ng t o eac h of t h e m t h at wh ic h i s

d ue t o h i m ac c ordi ng to h i s d esert For t h u s al so t h e su n m ov i ng .
,

i n a ci rcl e t h rough t h e z od iac di stri b ut es t o ev eryt h i ng on t h e ,

earth gen erat i on n ut ri me nt an d an ap propriat e p ort io n of l i fe

, , ,

a d mi n isteri ng as i f i t were a j ust an d equ i tab l e l egi sl at i on t h e ex

, ,
1 ’

c e l l e n t t em p erat ure of t h e season s .

I t sign i fi ed also sc ience b ecause t h e dem on strati on of an u n

,

kn own n u m b er o r fact i s p roduced fro m syl l ogi stic reason i ngs on

som e ot h er n u m b e r or fact wh i c h i s k n own a n d t h i s i s d e d u ci b l e
by t he ai d of sci ence I t was furt h er consi dered as a sy m b ol of t h e
.

so ul w h i c h i s sai d t o b e d i v i ded i n t o t wo p arts t h e rat i on al an d t h e

, ,

i rrati on al ; t h e latter b ei ng su b d iv i ded i nt o t h e i rasci bl e a n d t h e

a ppeti t i v e T h e rati o n al p a rt e n ab l es us t o arri ve at t h e t ru th by
.

c on tem pl ati on an d j u dgm en t ; w h i l e t h e i rrat i onal u n i form ly i m

pel s t h e soul t o e vi l A n d i t sign i fies O p i n i on w h i c h m ust b e
.
,

e it h er t rue or fal se ; an d H ar m ony w hen ce t h e anc i en ts i n trod uce d ,

m usi c at t hei r b an qu ets al o n g wi t h w i n e ; t h at by i ts h arm on i ou s

order an d soot h i n g e ff ect i t m igh t p rove an an ti dote to t h e l atter ,

Wh ic h bei ng drank i nte m p erately ren ders bot h m i n d a n d b ody i m ,

b e c fle .

“
T h e P y th agoreanp h i l osoph y says R euc h li n ta u gh t th at t h e , ,
2 “

M on ad a n d D uad were a sy m b ol of t h e pri n ci pl es of t h e u ni verse

for w h e n we m ak e i n qui ry i n t o t h e causes an d origi n o f al l th i ngs
w h at soon er occ urs t h an on e or t wo T h at wh ic h we fi rst be h ol d
wi t h o u r eyes i s t h e sam e an d n ot an ot h er ; t h at wh ic h we first
,

c on cei ve i n our m i n d i s I den t ity an d A l terity— on e an d two A l c .

m aeon a ff i rm ed t wo t o b e m any wh i c h h e sai d were c on trari et i es , , , ,

yet u ncon fi n ed an d i n defi n i t e as w h i te an d bl ack sweet an d b i tter

, , ,

goo d an d ev il great an d sm al l T h ese m u l tip l i c itou s d i versi ti es t h e

, .

P yth agorean s design e d by t h e n um b er T e n as p rocee d i ng fro m t h e ,

D uad vi a fi n i te an d i n fi n i te e ve n an d odd on e a n d m any righ t

, , , ,

an d l eft m al e an d fe m al e stea d fast an d m ove d straigh t an d crook ed

, , , ,

l igh t a n d d arkn ess square an d ob l ong T h ese pai rs are t wo an d

,
.
,

t h erefore con trary ; t h ey are reduce d al l i n to ten t h at bei ng t h e ,

m ost perfect n u m b er as co nt ai n i ng m ore k i n ds of n u m erat i on t h an

,

t h e rest ; even o d d ; squ are c u b e ; l ong p l ai n ; t h e fi rst u n c om

, , ,

p ou n ded an d fi rst c om p ou n ded t h an w h i c h n ot h i ng i s m ore a b

, ,

1 F gm
ra e n ts of A rc hy tas, p . 1 6 .
3 A . C b a al , I ii p
.
, . 2 .
 S Y M B O LIS M OF N U M B E RS 175 1

sol ute si n ce i n t en p rop orti on s four cub i c n u m b ers are co n s u m

,

m ated of wh i c h all t h i ngs c on si st

, .

“
C ategori es red uc i bl e i n t wo S u bstan ce an d A cci den t b ot h
, , ,

sp ri ngi ng from o n e essen ce ; for te n so l oves two t h at fro m on e ,

i t proc eed s t o t wo an d by i t reverts i n t o o n e T h e first T ern ary i s

, .

of on e an d two n ot c om p ou n d e d bu t c on si stent ; o n e h avi ng n o

,

posit i on m ak es n o com posi t i on ; an u n i t wh i lst an u n i t h at h n o

, , ,

p osi ti on n or a p oi n t w h il st a p oi nt T h ere bei ng n ot h i ng b efore

, .

on e we rightly say on e i s first ; t wo i s n ot co m p ou n ded of n u m

, ,

b ers b u t a c o ord i n ati on of u n i ts on ly I t i s t h erefore th e fi rst

,
-
.

n u m ber bei ng t h e fi rst m u lt i tu de ; n ot c om m en su rab l e by any

,

n u m ber b u t by a u n i t t h e com m o n m easu re of all n u m b er ; for

, ,

on e t wo i s n oth i ng b ut two so t h at t h e m ul t i tu de w h ic h i s call ed

, ,

T ri ad ari t h m et i c i an s t erm t h e fi rst n u m b er u n com pou n d ed t h e

, ,

D uad b ei ng n ot an u n com p ou n de d n u m ber b u t rath er n ot c om ,

” l
p oun ded .

T h e C h i n ese p h i l osop hers en tertai n e d si m i l ar fan ci es ab ou t t h e

col or of bl u e w h ic h i s form e d by a m i x tu re of re d an d b l ack
, .

T h i s col or t hey say

, b ei ng t h e col or of h eaven rep rese n t s t h e
,
‘
,

acti v e an d p assi ve pri n ci pl e reu n i ted i n on e ; t h e m al e an d fe m al e ,

t h e ob scure a n d bri l li an t A ll corporeal bei ngs are prod uce d by

.

i n ap p reh en si bl e natu re em a nati ng fro m b l ue w h i c h form s t h e

, ,
’
origi n of al l su bti l e n at ures I n th e scie n ce of astrol ogy wh ic h
.
,

w as very preval en t h al f a ce n t ury ago t h e sign s were i n vested w i t h ,

sig n i fi Can t c ol o rs T h u s i t w as sai d t h at T au ru s w as design ate d

.

b y wh i t e m i x e d wi t h c i tron A ri es an d G em i n i by w h i te an d red ; ,

Can cer green a n d russet Le o re d a n d green ; V i rgo bl ack S peck

, , ,

l ed wi t h bl ue ; L i b ra bl ack or dark cri m son ; S corpi o b rown ;

, ,

S agi ttari us yell ow o r gree n C ap ri c orn bl ack or russet A q uari us

, , ,
”
a Sky c ol or or b l ue a n d P isces by a bri ll ian t wh i te .

N or were t h e J ews d est it ut e of a resp ect for th e n u m b er t wo

w h i c h was i n d ee d i n c ul cate d i n th e M osai cal writi ngs T h u s wh i l e .

t h e clean b easts were ad m i tte d i nt o t h e ark of N oah by seven s t h e ,

u ncl ean on es were al l owed t o enter by p ai rs Th e angel s t hat were .

dep ute d t o destroy S odo m were two ; Lot h ad two d augh ters t h e
son s of I saac an d t h e daugh ters O f Laban were eac h tw o i n n u m ber .

as were al so t h e sons of J osep h M oses w as d i rected t o m ake t wo .

C l b
o e r oo k . P hi l os o phy of th e H i ndus ,
”
p . 2 1 .
1 752 H I ST O R Y O F F R E E M AS O N R Y

c h erub i m ; t h e O nyx ston es of rem em b rance on t h e h igh p ri est s

- -
’

sh oul ders were two t o sym b ol i z e t h e S u n a n d M oon as J oseph us

, ,

says ; b u t B e d a t h i nk s t h ey were e m b l e m atical of t h e fai t h a n d

p racti ce of th e p atriarc h s an d p rop h et s wh i le ot hers su p pose wi t h , ,

greater p rob ab i l i ty t h at t h e h igh pri est b ore t h e m o n h is sh oul ders

,
-

t o p r e fi g u r e t h e m an n er i n wh ic h C h rist was t o b ear t h e si n s of H i s

people . T h e J ewi sh o ff eri ngs were frequently d i recte d t o be by
p ai rs ; as two l am b s two pi ge ons t wo t urtles two ki ds etc T h e
, , , , .

wai ve l oaves were t wo ; an d t h e sh ewbread was pl ace d o n t h e tab l e

i n two rows ; t h e si l ver tru m pets t o d i rect t h e m arc h of t h e I srael
i tes i n t h e w il dern ess were t he sam e n u m b er .

A gai n J oshu a erecte d t wo m on u m en t s on p assi ng th e ri ver

,

J or d an on e i n t h e b e d of t h e ri ve r a n d t h e oth er o n i ts bank s ; t h e
, ,

te m pl es of S ol om o n an d of G a z a were eac h su p p orte d on t wo

p i l lars ; J eroboa m m ade two gol de n cal ves a n d set t he m u p at D an ,

an d B et h el ; t here were t wo wi tn esses agai nst N ab oth as t h e ,

M osai c l aw req ui red i n cases a ff ect i ng h u m an l i fe ; a n d two b ears

w ere se n t t o v i n di cat e t he c h aracter of E l ish a I n t h e case o f .

N aam an t he S yri an w e fi n d t h e u se of t h i s n u m be r ful ly ex e m pl i

,
’
fi e d i n t h e two m ul es b ur d e n o f eart h — tw o young m e n of t h e son s
of t h e p rop h ets— two talen ts — tw o c h anges of garm e n ts— two ser
vants e tc I n t h e vi si on s of D an iel t h e ra m h ad two h orn s ; an d
,
.

i n Zach ari a h we h ave two ol i ve trees two an oi n te d on es a n d t wo

-
, ,

st aves c al le d B eauty a n d B an d s a n e m b l e m of b roth erh oo d S i m i

, .

l ar c oi n c i d e nces m igh t b e fou n d i n t h e G osp el s b ut t h e detai l ,

woul d b e ted i ou s an d t h e resul t wi th out ut il i ty as far as regard s

, ,
” 1
F ree m ason ry .

I n ou r system t h e p ri n c i pl e of t he d uad i s p lai n ly en u n ciate d

,

(al t h ough t wo i s n ot estee m ed a m aso n ic n u m b er) i n th e two P i l lars

of t h e p orc h of S ol om on s T e m p l e wh i c h were pl ace d i n t h at si tua
’

t i on by th e wi se an d j udi c ious m onarc h t o com m e m orate t h e ,

re m arkab l e p il lar of a cl ou d an d of fi re ; t h e form er of wh i c h

p rove d a l igh t an d gu i d e to t h e I srael it es i n t h ei r esc a pe from t h eir
E gypti an op pressi on ; t h e ot h er rep rese nts t h e cl ou d wh i c h p rove d
t h e d est ructi on of P h araoh an d h i s h ost i n t h ei r attem p t t o fol l ow
t h e m t h rough t h e dep th s o f t h e R e d S e a O u r n o b l e an d i ll ustri .

ou s G ran d M aster place d t he m i n t h i s c on sp i cu ou s si tuat i o n th at ,

1
Ol i v er .
i 7 54 H I S T O RY OF F R E E M AS O N R Y

n ess a n d t h e w hol e etern i ty i t i n sta ntly b l ossom ed a n d b eca m e t he

, ,

parad ise or angel ica ] worl d I n th e D ark n ess i s t h e gen etri x i n

.
,

t h e L igh t i s t h e wi sdo m : t h e fi rst i maged by d evi ls t h e ot her by

,

angels as a si m i l it u de of t h e w h ol e eternal b ei ng t o speak as a

, ,

c reatu re A n d Luci fer i m agi ng b eyo n d t h e m eek n ess of t h e

.
,

T ri n i ty ki n dl ed i n h i m sel f th e m atri x of Fi re an d t h at of n ature

, ,

be c om i ng c orp oreal t h e n was t h e secon d for m of t h e m atri x v i a

, , ,

th e m eek n ess of t h e su bstan t ial i ty e n k i n dle d wh e nce wate r orig i

,

n ate d ou t of wh i c h w as m a d e a n h eaven to cap tiv ate t h e fi re an d

, ,
”
of t h at Fi re an d Water cam e t h e S t ars .
 CH A P TE R IV

L EG EN D S AND S Y M B O LS IN TH E SEVER A L D E GR EE S O F M A SO N R Y

O ST M
ason i c wri ters of recen t date h ave as
su m ed t hat S p ec ul at i ve M ason ry was fou n ded
upon t h e l egen ds an d sy m b ol s of ant i qu i ty D r . .

A G M ack ey i n t h e p reface t o h i s val uabl e

. .
,

work on Sy nzéo/i s nz of F r eem a s on r y says Of ,

th e vari ou s m odes of c om m u n icati ng i n structi on

t o t h e u n i n form ed t h e M ason i c stu de nt i s p arti e
,

u l ar l y i n tereste d i n t wo ; n am ely t h e i nstruct i o n by l ege n ds an d

, ,

t h at by sy m b ol s I t i s t o t h ese t wo al most e xcl usi vely t hat he i s

. , ,

i n d eb te d for all t h at h e k n ows a n d for al l t h at h e c an k n ow of t h e

, ,

p hi l osop h i c syste m w h i c h i s taugh t i n t he i nst it ut i on A ll i ts m ys .

te r i e s an d its dogm as w h i c h c on sti tute i ts p h i l osop hy are i n trusted

, , ,

for co m m u n i cat i on t o t h e n eophyte so m e ti m es t o o n e so m eti m e s

, , ,

to t h e ot her of t h ese two m et h ods of i nstructi on a n d so meti m es t o ,

bot h of t h e m c o m b i ned T h e Free m aso n has n o w ay O f reach i ng

.

any of t h e esoteri c t e ac h i ngs of th e O rder ex cept th rough t h e m e

”
d iu m of a l egen d or a sy m b ol .

I t i s greatly t o b e regrette d t hat t h e m ost i m p ortan t l ege n ds of

M ason ry are so c o m m u n i cated an d represe n ted wh e n t h e degrees ,

ar e co n ferre d as t o i m press u p on t h e m i n ds of t h e can di dates t h e

,
”
real is ms rat h e r t h an th e al l egori es wh i c h were origi n ally design e d
, ,

“ ”
as vei l s t o c onceal t h e m oral pri nc i pl es of t h e syste m an d ,

“ ”
wh ic h are al so i l l ustrat ed by sy m b ol s .

L ege n ds h av e n o d ocu m entary ev i de n c e o f th e trut h ful ness of

t h e narrat i v e or an y aut h en ti ci ty S uc h are t h e l egen ds i n t h e
.

M aso n ic de g rees T h ere i s n o aut he n ti c i ty w h atever for t h e stat e

.

m ent s or rep resen tat ion s I n fact stri ct ad h eren ce t o auth en ti c

.
,
”
h ist ory a s co ntai n ed i n t h e G reat Ligh t of M ason ry i t sel f con ,

tr a di c ts t h e detai l s of al l t h e M ason i c l ege n ds ; h ence we arri ve at

t h e t rut h ful n ess of t h e al l egori cal system wh i c h was origi n al ly d e ,

S i gne d t o teac h t h e m oral ity c on tai n ed i n t h e I n sti tut i on .

1 75 5
1 7 56 H I ST O RY O F F R E E M AS O N R Y

Th e first t h ree degrees of Freem ason ry are i n t h e m sel ves al l e

g or i c al represent i ng certai n i mp ortan t prin ci ples i n t he i r en u
,

m e r a ti o n F irst t h e i n t rod ucti o n i nt o M asoni c L i fe a n d L igh t

.
, .

S e c on dly t h e p rogress d u ri ng l i fe i n i n structi on — t h e l ife work

,
-

e d ucat i on i n al l bran c h es of u seful k n owl e dge T h i rdly t h e deca .

,

den ce d eat h an d fi n al d i sp osi t i on of t h e b ody i ts resurrect i on an d

, , , ,

t h e i m m ortal i ty of t h e sou l .

I n eac h of t hese d egrees sym b ol i sm s are i n trod u c ed t eac hi ng ,

i m portant t rut h s w h i c h are calcul at ed t o i m p ress u p on t h e m i n d t h e

,

val ue of t h e great m oral pri n ci ples t h u s v isi b ly rep resen te d S tep .

by step as t h e can d i date adva n ces i n eac h degree h e l earn s t h e

, ,

val u e O f t h e gradat i o n i n m oral l essons by w h i c h h i s fu ture l ife i s to ,

b e gui ded A ll of t h ese are p ri m ari ly referab l e t o h i s fi rst decl ara

.

“ ”
t i on of Fait h i n G od H op e i n I m m ortal ity “
a n d C h ari ty or ,

L ove t o al l M ank i n d .

“
I n t h ese we recogn i z e th e several dut i es i n cu m b en t u pon al l
m e n wh i c h were i n cu lcated i n every system of m oral ity taugh t by t h e
,

an cie nt p atri arc hs a n d p hi l osop h ers— our d uty t o G od o ur d uty t o ,

ourselves an d our d uty t o al l m e n I n t h ese are foun d t h e real i sm s

, .

of M ason ry an d n ot i n ou r l egen ds an d al l egori es by w h i c h t h ey

, ,

are vei le d a n d con ceal e d .

O f wh at val u e t o us at t h e p resen t day are t h e represen tati on s

, ,

of t h e m an ner i n wh ic h t h e C raftsm e n and A p p re nt ic es were d is tr i b

u te d w he n t h e T em pl e of S ol om o n was u n d er con struct i on ? Or
w h e n an d h ow t h ey recei ve d t h e i r wages ? E very step fro m t h e ,

fi rst a d m i ssi on of a can di d ate t o t h e ante room O f a regularly co n - .

sti t ute d l odge u n ti l h e has b ec om e an o b l igated M ason h as i ts

, ,

m or a l l esson H i s p reparati on ad m i ssi on an d su b s e que n t p rogress

.
, ,

i s m arked b y a l esson w h i c h i t i s i nten de d s h al l b e careful ly stu di ed

,

by t h e can di dat e for h i s futu re gu i dan ce i n l i fe T h e fol l owi ng .

sec ti o ns of t h at degree are l esson s ex pl anatory an d i nstru ct i ve i n , ,

t h e a rt of M asonry T h e fi rst sect i o n of t h e se con d a n d th ir d d e

.

grees are si m i l ar t o t h at of t h e fi rst ; an d t h e fol l ow i ng se c t i on s are

strictly i n struct i v e an d all egori cal T h e i n structi on s i n al l three of
.

t h ese d egrees i s by sy m b ol s an d e m b le mati cal rep rese ntati on s T h e .

s c i en c e of sym b ol i sm i s perhaps as ol d as a ny ot h er sci enc e — t h e

learn i ng of t h e an ci e n t worl d was origi nal ly c onve y e d by sy m b ol i sm .

A t th e presen t day p h i l osop hy treats on ly o n ab st ract p roposi ti on s .

F reem ason ry h owever retai n i ng i ts trad i ti o ns c ont i n u es th e an ci ent

, , ,
 L E G E N D S A N D S Y M B O LS O F M A S O N R Y 1 7 57

m eth od as t he b est m ean s of i m parti ng its m oral l esson s— b y sy m

b ol s— wh i c h wor d deri ve d fro m t h e G reek m ean s to com p are o ne
, ,
“
t h i ng by an ot h er T h is m et h od of i nstruction or obj ect tea c h
.
,
”
i ng i s em p l oye d i n sch ool s at th e p resen t day I t is t h e l anguage
, .

“
of p oetry T h e l egen d i s a sp ok e n sym b ol a n d i s em p l oye d i n
.

M ason i c teac h i ng i n so m e coun tri es i s an acte d d ram a i n ot hers i t

, ,

i s m erely rec i te d or read i n b ot h i t i s design e d t o c on vey to t h e

,

m i n d i m portan t m oral truths I t i s t h e provi nce of t h e i n i ti ate d

.

can di date to i nvestigat e t hese sym b ol s an d allegori es to draw ou t from

t h em t h e p hi l osop h i es an d m oral l esso n con c eal ed by t h e m I t h as .

“
b een wel l sai d t h at F ree m ason ry i s t h e S c i ence of M oral i ty v ei l e d ,

i n A ll egory an d i ll u strat e d by S ym b ol s
, W e personally d o n ot
.

cl ai m for F reem ason ry t h e t itl e of a sci ence b ut w e d o i nsi st t hat i t

,

com pre h en ds al l tru e p h i l osop hy I ts fu n d am en tal p ri n ci pl e i s a

. ,

b el ief i n G od wi t hout wh i c h t h ere ca n b e nei t h er m oral i ty or p h i l os

,

oph y . T h e se c on d p ri nci pl e taugh t i n M ason ry i s t h e i m m ortal ity

of t h e soul ; an d t h e t h i rd p ri n cip l e i s t h e resurrect io n of t h e b ody .

T h ese con sti tute t h e p h i l osop hy of F reem ason ry I t is up o n t h ese

.

p ri n ci p les t h at a l l t h e an c i en t religi on s were fou n d ed I n t h e b el i ef .

of al l t h e anci ent s i n a D e i ty w e fi n d a m ul t i pl ici ty of gods ; yet i n

, ,

al l of t h em t h ere was a c h i ef god w h o was so far ab ov e al l th e ot hers

, ,

as t o con sti tut e a di sti nct D eity M ost of t h ese an c ie n t rel igi on s
.

con te m pl ated a T ri un e G od .

“
T h e r i t es of t hat sci en ce wh ic h i s n ow recei v e d u n der t h e
ap pel l ati on of Freem ason ry were ex er c ised i n t h e A n te d i l uvi an
,

W orl d ; revi ve d by N oah after t h e fl ood ; p racti se d by m ank i n d at

t h e b ui l di n g of B ab el con ve n i e nces for wh i c h were u n dou b tedly
,

contri ve d i n th e in teri or of t h at cel eb rate d e di fi ce ; an d at t h e d is

p e r si on sp read wi t h every settl em en t already deteri orate d by t h e
,

gra d ual i n n ovat ion s of th e C ab i ri c P ri ests an d m odel le d i nto a form ,

t h e great outl i nes of wh ic h are di st i n ctly to b e t race d i n t h e m y ste

ries of every h eath e n N at i o n ex h i bi ti ng t h e sh attere d rem ai n s of
,

o ne tru e syste m wh e nce t h ey were al l deri ved .

T h e rites of i dol atry were i n deed striki ngly si m il ar an d gen er

ally d e d uce d fro m p aral lel p racti ces p rev i ously used by t h e tru e
,

M ason s ; for i dol atry was an i m i tati ve system an d al l i t s cere ,

m oni es an d doctri n es were foil n d e d on t h e gen eral p ri n ci pl es of t h e

patri ar c h al rel igi on I f th e patriar c h u n i ted i n h i s own p erson th e
.
,

th ree o ffi ces of k i ng p ri est an d p rop h et t h e secret asse m bl ies of

, , ,
1 758 H ISTO RY O F F R E E M AS O N R Y

i dol atry were also governe d by a T ri ad co nsist i ng of t hree suprem e ,

o ffi ces ; i f p ri m i t i ve M ason ry wa s a syste m of L igh t t he i n i tiated ,

heat h e n equal ly p ai d d i v i n e h on ors t o t he S u n as t h e sou rce of ,

l ig ht by c ircu m am b ul at i ng i n th e cou r s e of tna t l u m i n a r y d uri ng

, ,
” 1
t h e c erem ony of i n i ti at i on .

2
S a m m e s i n h is B r i ta n n i a says
, T h e M ysteries of t h e C ab i ri c
,

ri tes were acc ou n te d so sacre d an d p owerfu l t h at w h osoever w as

i n i ti ated i n t he m i m m edi ately secured as t hey t h oug h t so m e ex tra
, , ,

ord i nary gi ft s of h ol i n ess an d t h at i n al l th ei r dangers th ey h ad

,

a present re me dy a n d ex pe d ien t ab o ut t h em t o del i ve r a n d rescu e

t h e m ; b u t t hat wh ic h m ost a ff ected t h e P noe n ic ian s w a s a c on fi ,

den ce t h ey h ad t h at t h ose rel igi ous c e rem on i es p rese r ve d t h e m fro m

dangers by sea ; t h erefore i t is n o wo n der t h at arri vi ng i n B ri tai n , ,

t h ey taugh t t h e i n hab ita nts t h at worsh i p to w hi c h t h ey h el d t he m

”
selves m ost obl ige d for t h ei r safety .

I n t h e ab ov e e x trac t fro m O l iver refe ren ce i s m ade to t h e r i te

o f ei r em n a m é a /a ti on E very M aso n w i l l recogni z e t hat ri te as a n
.

essen ti al on e i n every degree of M ason ry b ot h a n ci en t an d t h ose ,

degrees i n ve nte d si nce 1 7 1 7 P yth agoras requi red h i s i ni t iates t o

.

p ass t/i r ee years i n si len ce an d dark n ess b efore adm i ssio n t o t h e

m yst eri es I n al l t h e an ci en t ri tes of t h e O ri en t t h e can di date w as
.

con du cted by d evi ous ways over m any rough an d rugge d p ath s a n d ,

en c o un tere d vari ous o bstacl es a n d h ad t o pass t h rough t h e col d ai r

, ,

a n d water t h e fi re an d at l ast th e eart h wh i c h fou r el e m en t s were

, , ,

sy m b ol s of p uri ficati on an d l u st rati on s by t h ese were requ isi te

,

b efore t h e p ost ula n t coul d recei ve t h e h igh er mysteri es an d b ecom e

an ep op t .

“
T h e u n i for m i ty of p racti ce w h i c h atten ded t h e p rogress o f
error i n d i ff eren t n at i on s i s t ruly aston i sh i ng T h ey eq ual ly u sed .

t he A m b rosi as P et r ee as veh icl es of regen erati on ; t h ey sh rou d e d

t h ei r ri tes u n der t h e i m pe netrabl e m ask O f se c r esy ; t h ey p ossessed
t h e sam e m o d e of i n struct i on by sym b ol s al l egory an d fabl e ; t h e , ,

sam e repugn an ce t o com m itti ng t h e i r ab struse secrets t o wri ti ng ;

t h e sam e syste m of m oral i ty ; t h e sa m e att ach m en t to a m ulet s, tel es
m ans an d perh aps M agi c ; a n d equal ly i ncul cate d t h e i m m ortal i ty
,

of t h e soul an d a fut u re state of rewards an d p u n i sh m en ts wh i c h

, ,
”3
were al i ke p an to m i m i c al l v ex h i b i te d d u ri ng t h e i n i t iati o n s .

1
O l i ve r s
’
S ig ns a n d S m y b l o s,
”
pp .
4, 5 .
2 l b id .
, p .
55 .
3
l bi d .
, p .
5 .
 LE G E N D S AN D S Y M B O LS OF M AS O N R Y 1 7 59

T he ol d A siat i c styl e so h igh ly figurati ve see m s by w hat we

, , ,

fin d of i ts re m ai n s i n t h e p rop h eti c l anguage of t h e sacre d wri ters ,

to h ave been ev i den tly fash i o ne d t o t h e m ode of t h e an ci e n t h i ero

l
g yp h i cs ; for as ,
i n h ieroglyp h i c wri t i ng t h e su n m oon an d stars
, , ,

were use d t o represen t S tates a n d e m p i res k i ngs q ueens an d , , ,

n obi l i ty t h ei r ecl i pse a n d ex t in ct i on tem p orary disasters or e n tire

, , ,

overt h row fi re an d fl ood d esol at i on by w ar an d fam i n e pl an ts or

, , ,

an i m al s t h e qual i ti es of part ic ul ar p ersons etc so i n l i ke m an n er

, , .
, ,

t h e h oly prop hets call k i ngs an d em pi res by t h e n am es of t h e

h eaven ly l u m i n ari es ; t h ei r m i sfortu n es an d overt hrow are r e p r e
sent e d by e cl i p ses an d e xt i ncti on stars fal l i ng fro m t h e fi r m a m e n t
are e m pl oye d t o den ote t h e destructi on of t h e n ob i l ity ; t h u n d er
an d tem pestu ous wi n ds h osti l e i n vasi on s ; l i on s bears l eopards
, , , ,

goats or h igh trees l eaders of arm i es con querors an d fou n ders of

, , , ,

em pi res ; royal d ign i ty i s descri bed by p urp l e or a crown i n i qui ty

by sp otted garm en t s ; e rror an d m i sery by an i n tox i c at i ng draugh t ;
a warri or by a sword or b ow ; a p owerfu l m an by a gigan ti c statu re
an d a j udge by balance weights an d m easu res
, , I n a word t h e .

prop h eti c styl e see m s to b e a sp eak i ng h i eroglyp h i c .

P yt h agoras ex presse d h i s mystical syste m by sy m b ol s w h i c h

were ex plai n e d t o t h e i n i tiated an d were n ot com pre hen de d by t h e
rest of t he worl d H is secrets were forb i dd e n t o b e c om m i tte d t o
.

wri ti ng an d were co m m u n i cate d oral ly as i ne ffab l e m ysteri es T h e .

P yt h agoreans c on verse d wit h eac h ot her m ostly by t h e sign l an

gua ge ; i n structi o n by sym b ols was foun d u sefu l i n i m pressi ng on t he
m i n d t h e m ost c om p reh en sive trut hs an d it i s sai d w a s ad opt e d ,

from M ason r y i nt o al l t h e myst i c associ ati on s T h e m ost an ci en t

a n d suc h as were con tem porary wit h an d d isc i ples of P yt hagoras , ,

d i d n ot c om pose t he i r wri t i ngs i n te l l igi bly i n a com m on v u lgar ,

styl e fa m il i ar to every on e as i f t h ey en deavore d t o dict ate t h i ngs

'

, ,

rea d i ly percept i bl e by t he b e ar er bu t c on sonan t t o t h e sil en ce

,

decree d by P yt h agoras c on cern i ng di vi n e myst eri es w h i c h i t i s

, ,

n ot l awfu l t o speak of b efore t hose w h o were n ot i n i t i ated ; an d

t h erefore cl ou ded b oth t h eir m u t ual di scourses an d wri ti ngs by sy m
bol s ; w h ic h i f n ot ex p ou n de d by th ose t hat p rop osed t he m by a
, ,
’
regu l ar i n terpretat i on ap pear t o th e h earers l i ke ol d wi v es prov.

erb s tri v ial an d fool ish ; b u t b ei ng righ tly ex p lai ned an d i nstead
, , ,

1
W ar b u r ton
'

s
“
D i i
v ne Le g tia on , B IV
. . , 5 . iv .
1 7 60 H I ST ORY OF FREEMASONRY

of dark ren dered l u c i d an d c on sp i c u ous to t h e vulgar t h ey d is ,

covered an a d m i rabl e sen se n o l ess t han th e d i vi n e oracl es of P y th ,

i an A p ol l o ; a n d gi ve a di vi n e i n spi rat i on to t h e P h i l ol ogi sts t hat

1 "
u n derst an d th e m .

T h e D ru i d s u sed h i eroglyp h i cs w h ich wi t h m uc h rel uctan c e were , ,

com m un icate d e ve n to t h ei r i n i t iates t he msel ves T hese sy m bol s .

were i m i tat e d fro m n atu ral o bj ects O f a man of en l arge d m i n d i t .

was sai d li e i s a n oa k ; an i rresol ut e an d waveri ng p erson w as a n

,

A sp en l eaf ;
“ “ ”2
-
on e wh o was decei tfu l w a s a R eed T h e D ru i ds .

u se d geom etri cal figu res as l i n es angl es squares an d p erp en d i cul ars , , ,

as sy m b ol s T hey d i d n ot u se e ncl osed t em pl es as b ei ng t h ough t

.
,

by t h e m i n co n siste nt w i t h t h e d ign i ty an d m a j esty of t h e gods ;

t h ey d i d n ot e m p l oy carve d i m ages to represen t dei t i es bu t e m ,

p l oye d th e rude u n d resse d ston es suc h as t h ey fou n d i n t h e h i lls or ,

on si d es of m oun tai n s wh i c h were erected i n t h ei r ci rcles for w o r ,

sh i p w h i c h were m ark e d ou t by ru d e ston e pi l l ars surroun di ng an

,

altar p lace d i n t h e cen tre T h ey al so c on st ructed of si m i lar ston es .

lo ng p assages b etwee n t wo rows of suc h ston es S om e of th ese .

p assages were m il es i n e x te n t .

I n E gypt i n al l p rob ab il ity origi n ate d t h ose p assages w h ere we

, , ,

fi n d th e rem ai n s of t h e m as sp h i n x es O bel i sks an d c a tacom bs al l , , ,

of w h i c h n o dou b t were erecte d for t h e ob servance of t h ei r mysti c

“
ri t es C l em en t of A l ex an dria says : S p hyn x es were erecte d i n
.

fron t of t em pl es a n d pl aces of i n i tiat i on t o d enot e t h at al l sacred ,

” 3
t rut h i s en fol ded i n en igm ati cal fab l es an d al l egori es .

I n t h e E gyp t i an m ysteri es t h e can di date was i n stru ct ed i n t h i s

a s an i n e ff abl e secret t h at t h e m ysteri es were recei ved fro m A da m
, ,

S eth E n oc h ; an d i n t h e l ast d egre e t h e p ost ul an t a fter t h e c o m

, ,

p l e ti o n o f h i s i n i tiati on was cal l e d fro m t h e n am e of t h e D eity, , ,

A L OM JA H
- - pron ou n c e d A ll h awm iy ah I n I n di a t h e c om .
,

p l e te d i n iti at e was i n structe d i n t h e great word A U M p ron ou n ced , . . .

,

O M E (0 l ong ) we t h us see t h at t h e sam e word was u se d i n E gyp t

as th e sec o n d word I t h as bee n su p p osed by som e t hat t h ese were
.

i ni ti al s of t h ree certai n n am es o f D ei ty v i z A gn i F i re ; U sh as , .
, ,

D awn a n d M i tra M id day S u n al l of t h e m re ferri ng t o

,
L igh t
-
,

i n its d i ff eren t degrees of i nte n sity I n t h e h igh er degrees i n F re e .

m ason ry t h ese l ett ers app ear h av i ng a deep sign i fican ce w h i c h we , ,

1
S ta n l e y ’
s L fei of P t yh ga or a s ,
"
B . IV ch . i .

2 D av i s, C lte . R es .
, p 47
. 2 .
3 Cl e m e n t of A le x i
a n dr a , Li b V
. .
, ch . iv
.
1 76 2 H I STORY OF F R E E M A SO N RY

gods an d m en an d t h e origi n of al l t h i ngs I n al l t h e ri tes of i n iti .

at i on D ark n ess was sal u te d wit h t h ree d i sti nct accl am at i on s ; h en ce

we m ay see t hat b efore t he A sp i ran t cou l d parti ci pate i n t h e h igh er “

”
mysteri es h e was pl aced i n a c o ffi n b e d or p a s tas or was su bj ected , ,

t o c on fi n e m ent for a p eri od o f t i m e i n secl u si o n an d da r kn ess for

,

re fl ect io n Wh ic h c usto m i s st il l e m pl oye d i n som e secret soci et i es

, .

T h i s was a rep resentat i on of t h e sy m b ol i c d eath of t h e myster i es

w h e n h e was rel ease d fro m t h at c erem ony i t was t o i n d i cate h i s ,

del i veran ce an d re p resente d t h e act of regen erat i on or b ei ng b orn

,

agai n or bei ng r a i s ed f r om t/z e dea d

, .

W e l earn fro m Cle m en t of A l exa n dri a t h at i n t h e form u la ry of

“
o n e wh o h ad been i n it i ate d h e was taugh t t o say I h av e d escen de d ,
” “
i n t o t h e b ed ch a m ber
-
D r O l i ve r says :
. Th e cere m ony h ere a l
.

l u d e d to was dou b tl ess t h e sam e as t h e descen t i n t o H a d es ; an d I

, ,

a m i n cl i ne d to t h in k t h at w h e n t h e A spi ran t en t ere d i n to t h e M ysti c

Cell li e w a s d i r ected to l ay lz i m s e/f dow n upon tb e bed w /z i c/c
, ,

s b a a ow ed ou t t/ z e tom b or co
fi n of tb c Gr ea t F a t/t er T h i s p rocess
’
.

w as equ i val en t t o h i s en t eri ng i nt o t h e i n fernal sh i p ; an d wh i l e

stretc h ed u p on t h e h oly c ouc h i n i m i ta ti on of lzi s fi g u r a ti v e decea s ed
,

r otot p e h e w as sai d t o b e wrap ped i n t h e deep sleep of d eat h

p y , .

H i s r es u r r ecti on f r om t/ze bed w a s b i s r es tor a t i on to l if e or h i s ,

regen erat i on i nt o a n ew worl d ; an d i t w as v i rtually th e sam e as h i s

retu rn fro m H ades or h i s e m ergen ce from t h e gl oo my cavern or
, ,
” 1
h i s l i b erat i on from t h e wom b of t h e sh i p goddess -
.

Th e ti m e requ i red for t h i s cerem ony or i m i tat i on of deat h w as

gen erally for t h e spac e of t h ree days an d n igh t s ; b ut w as vari ed i n
d i ff eren t local it i es N i n e days i n G reat B ritai n were requ i re d for
.

t h e sol i tary con fi ne m en t I n G reece t h ree ti m es n i n e d ay s I n

. .

P ersi a i t e xten ded t o fi fty days an d n igh ts o f dark n ess wan t of rest ,

an d fasti ng T h e re m ai n s i n G reat B ri tai n of t h e pl aces w h ere t h e

.

c erem on i es were ob se rve d by t h e A nc i en t D ru i ds are very n u m erous

a n d wel l k n ow n at th e presen t day a n d h ave b een referred t o i n a ,

form er part of t h i s sk etc h A m ong t h ese are t h e remai n s of th e

.

“
c elebrated K i t s C otti H ou se n ear M ai dston e
’
,
T h i s was a dark .

c h am ber o f p rob ati on for K i t i s n o ot her t ha n K e d

, or C e r id we n , ,

th e B ri t i sh C eres ; an d C otti or Getti m ean t an A r k or C hest ; an d

h ence t h e c om p ou n d wor d referre d t o t h e A r k of t h e d i l uv i an god

1 Fa b P a g
. . I d ol i n O l i ’
ve r s S ig n s an d S m y b l o s, p .
79
.
 L E G E N D S A N D S Y M B O LS or M AS O N R Y 1 76 3

N oah W hose m ysteri ou s R i tes were cel eb rated i n B ri tai n ; an d

,

Ce r i dwe n was e it her t h e c on sort of N oah or t h e A r k i tsel f sy m ,

b ol ic ally t h e great M ot h er of M an k i n d T h e pecul iar nam es w h ic h .

th ese m on u m en ts sti l l retai n t h rough ou t t h e k i ngd o m are a d ec i ,

si ve p roof t hat t h ey were app ropriate d al m ost e xcl usi vely t o t h i s , ,

” 1
pu rp ose .

N ear a v i l lage i n S om ersetsh i re cal le d S tan ton D re w or D r u i d ,

S ton es t h ere are t h e evi de nces of a rude structure w h i c h origi n ally

,

c on si ste d o f t h re e ci rcl es of ston es a n d a n A dy tu n e or a P astos .

T h ere were vari ou s ot h er si m i l ar structures i n di f ere n t p arts of

B ri tai n ev i dences of t h e preval e nce of t h ese ce rem on i es rel igi ou s
, ,

i n t h e i r ch aracter .

Th e i n it iat i on i n to t h e m ysteri es was a m ost i m portan t p art of

t h e rel igi ou s worsh i p ; an d al l t h ose w h o h el d any i m p ortant pl ace
as p ri est or l egi slator m ust pass t h rough al l t hei r rel igi ou s cere
,

m on i es as i n di spen sabl e p rel i mi n ari es t o th ei r advance m en t by t/ze

, ,

“
sol i ta r
y confi n e m e n t i n tb e da r ken ed P a s tas T h e rel igi on i sts of .

th ose days c on si d ere d i n it iati o n as n ecessary as th e C h ri sti an s d o

” 2
bap ti s m .

W e h ave referred i n a form e r page t o th e several steps i n th e

, ,

p rogress of i n i ti at i on i n t h e mysteri es of t h e several degrees i n

Free m ason ry an d t hat al l of t h ese were sy m b ol s by wh ic h t h e vari
,

ous p ri nci pl es sough t t o b e i n cul cate d were t h us i l l ust rate d E ac h .

i n d i vi d ual i te m was e m p h asi z ed as t h e can di date p rogressed wh e n

h e was p repared i n t h e ante room v i a h i s rai m en t wh i c h sh oul d -
, , ,

al ways be pu re w h ite to re p resen t t h at h e w as a ca n d i da te fro m t he

, ,

Lati n ca n d i d u s w h ic h m eans w b i te
, T h e p ecu l iar arrange m en t o f .

t h i s rai m en t i n eac h degree i s ex pl ai n e d i n t h e l ectu re a p pertai n i ng

, ,

3
t o eac h as al so t h e Ze n n aar wh ic h accom pan i es t h e rai m en t of eac h
,

degree wh i c h i s i n Free m ason ry d en om i nate d a C abl e tow Th e

,
-
.

di ff eren t d egrees requ i re a d i ffere nt di sp osal of t h i s cab l e tow ; i n -

eac h t h ere i s a d isti n ct sy m b ol is m kn own only t o t h e i ni t iated , .

T h e can di date t h us prepared i s i n dark n ess as t o W h at h e i s t o e n

c ou n ter ign oran t of w h at wil l b e reveale d to h i m i n h i s p rogress i n
,

1 Ol i ver , S ig ns a n d y b l
S m o s,
”
p . 80 .

2 W b ar u r ton , D i i
v ne L g ti
e a on ,
”
B . M .
,5 . iv .

3
T h e Z e n n aa r i n H i n d os ta n was a c o r d c om p i h d tw i t d i
os e d of n n e t r ea s s e n to a k n ot

a t th e e n d , a n d h gi g f
an n r om th e l e ft s h o u l d er to th e r igh t hip T h M
. ei a s on c s c a r f ta k es

th e pl a ce of th e Ze n n a a r .
I 764 H ISTO RY OF FREE M ASO N RY

t h e vari o us step s of h is i n iti ati on h e i s t o be regenerate d bor n ag a i n ,

i n t o a n ew worl d of mysteri es ; as h e was origi nal ly b orn i n t o t h e

worl d of p h ysi cal l ight so n ow h e i s t o b e b orn agai n i nt o t h e m oral
,

an d i n tel lect ual L igh t of Freem ason r y T h e fol l owi ng prel i m i nary .

steps are p u rely ri t ual ist i c an d eac h M ason w h o h as passed t h rough

,

t h em c a n for h i msel f ap pl y t h e sym b ol s to t he ir ap prop riate s ig n ifi

cati on s I t woul d b e wel l for u s j ust h ere t o cal l t o m i n d wh at h as
.

b een sai d by ot h ers on t h i s m et h od of i nstru ct i on i n th e C h urch .

I n th e E x plan at i on of t h e S y m b ol i sm of t h e M a ss B i sh op E ngl an d ,
“
sai d t h at i n every c ere m ony we m ust l ook for t hree m ean i ngs T he .

fi rst t h e l iteral n atural an d i t m ay b e sai d t h e origi n al m ean i ng ;

, , , ,

t h e secon d t h e figu rat i ve or e m b l e m ati c sign i fi cat i on ; a n d th i r d ly

, ,

t h e p i ous or rel igi ous m ean i ng ; frequ ently t h e l ast two w il l b e

”
fou n d t h e sam e ; som et i m es al l t h ree w il l b e fou n d c om b i n e d .

B r o A G M ackey i n qu ot i ng t h e ab ove e xtrac t from t h e

. . .
, C h urch
” “
m an mak es th e fol l owi ng j ust c om m en t : Th e R om an C at h ol i c
,

C hu rc h i s p er haps t h e on ly c onte m p oran eous i n sti tuti on w h i ch con

, ,

ti n u e s to c ul ti vate i n any degree t h e beauti fu l syste m of sy m b ol i sm

, , .

B u t t h at wh i ch i n t h e C ath ol ic C h urc h i s i n a great m easure i n

, , , ,

c i d e n tal an d t h e fru i t of devel op m ent i s i n Freem ason ry t h e very

'

, , , ,

l i fe bl ood an d soul of t h e i nstit u ti on b orn wi t h i t at it s b i rt h or

-
, ,

rath er t h e germ fro m wh i ch t h e tree has sprung an d st il l gi v i ng i t

, ,

su p p ort n ou ri sh m en t an d even ex istenc e W i t h dra w fro m F ree

, , .

m ason ry i ts sym b ol i sm an d you take from t h e b ody i ts soul l eavi ng

, ,

beh i n d n ot h i ng b ut a l i fel ess m ass of e fle te m atter fi tte d only for a ,

” 1
rapi d decay .

T h e can di dat e after h i s ad m i ssi on t o t h e l odge room fol l ows

,
-
,

th e an ci en t c usto m of al l t h e myst eri es i n a p eram b u l ati on wh i c h ,

i s a sym bol of t h e S u n i n hi s an n ual c ourse t h rough t h e twel ve signs

of t h e Zodi ac as al so h i s d i urn al course from east t o west by way
,

of t h e south T h e can d i dates i n th e mysteri es were sai d to i m i tat e

.

”
th e S u n an d fol l ow h i s b e n e fi ce n t ex am pl e T h i s sy m bol i sm r e .

ferred t o t h e cu st om of P ythagoras w h o requ i re d h i s can di dates t o ,

pass t/z r ee years i n si len c e an d i n dark n ess T h e vari ou s ob st rue .

“
ti on s m et wi t h i n t h i s ci rcu m a m b u lat io n were i n i mi tati on o f
t h ose en cou n tered i n t h e A n ci en t M ysteri es bu t of q ui t e a d i ff er ,

en t ch aracte r as i n t h e A n ci ent M ysteries t h ese obstructi on s were

,

1 M ac ky
e ,
“
y b li
S m o s m of F r e e m a s on r y p
, . 74 .
 LEGEN DS A ND S Y M B O LS OF M AS O N R Y 1 76 5

to severely test t h e co u rage an d persi sten c e o f t h e can di date an d ,

ofte n resul ted i n t h e d eat h of t h e i n d i vi d u al an d i n som e o f t hei r

un dergrou n d passages w h i c h h av e b een e x pl ore d i n m odern t i m es ,

ev i dences h ave bee n di scovered t h at many person s t h us l ost t h ei r

l i ves
.

A fter t h e m ost sol em n an d i m pressi ve cerem on i es wh ere by t h e ,

post ul an t b ecom es a M ason h e i s brough t to L ight i n M ason ry by

,

a sy m b ol i sm fai n t i n d ee d b u t h ighly sign i fican t of a great eve n t I n

, ,

th e h i story of c reat i on A ll t h at fol l ows i s i n st ru cti on i n t h e sci en ce

.

an d m oral s of M ason ry E ac h d egree i n M ason ry i s d ivi de d i nto

.

S ecti on s — t h e fi rst secti on i s al ways t h e R i te of I n i t iati on The .

o t h er sect i on s are for t h e i nstruct io n of t he N e op hyte t h e secon d ,

s ecti on b eing a reh earsal of t h e vari ous step s i n t h e fi rst sect i on ,

an d ex oteri c reason s for th ese T h e fol l owin g sect i on s c ontai n t h e

.

m oral s an d dogm as i n t h e several di ff erent degree s app ertai n i ng t o

’
eac h I n t h e Fell ow Craft s d egree t h e secon d sect i on i s a p ure
.
-

al legori c al represe ntat i on ; n o i n tel l igen t M ason can for a m o m en t

acce pt i t ot h e r t han an A l legory A s such t h ere i s n ot h i ng m ore
.

i m pressi ve t h an t h e i m p ortant l essons i n eac h p art of t h e r e p r e

se n tati o n s
. T h e A m eri can R i te differs fro m al l ot h ers i n t he ar
range m en t an d n u m ber of t h e steps an d i n som e p arti cul ars t here
,

are oth er di ff ere nces along t h e W h ole l i n e T hat t h i s l egen d of th e .

seco n d degree i s an al legory we h ave si m ply t o consul t t h e only

h isto ry of K i ng S ol o m on s T e m pl e as fou n d i n t he G reat L igh t
’ “

a n d we w il l fi n d t h at t here was n o p ossi bi l ity of a d ap ti ng ou r

M ason i c rit u al t o t h at structu re I n t h e si x t h c h apter of t h e Fi rst
.

B ook of K i ngs we read : “

T h e d oor for t h e M i d dl e C ham b er w as
i n t h e righ t si d e of t h e h ouse ; an d th ey wen t u p wi t h wi n di ng
stai rs i n t o t h e M i dd l e C ham b er an d out of t h e M i dd l e C h am ber
" 1
in t o t h e t h i rd
. D r M ack ey i n c o m m en ti ng o n t h i s p assage says
.
, ,
“
O u t of t h i s sl e n d er M aterial has b ee n co nst ru cted an A l legory ,
wh i c h i f p roperly con si d ered i n it s sym b ol i cal rel at i ons wil l be
, ,

foun d to b e of surpassi ng b eau ty B u t i t i s on ly as a sy m b ol t hat

.

we can regar d t h i s wh ol e t ra d i t i on for t h e h i storical facts al ik e for

b i d u s for a m o m en t t o sup pose t hat t h e l egen d as i t is reh earsed
i n t h e secon d degree of M ason ry i s anyt h i ng m ore th an a m ag n ifi
cen t p hi l osop h i cal myth .

1 Sym b li
o s m of F r e e m a s on r y . D
. 2 1g.
 H I S T O RY O F F R E E M A S O N RY

I n a d diti on t o w h at D r M ack ey h as sai d we woul d say th at

.
,

th e m i dd l e an d t h i rd c ham b er m en t i on e d i n th e tex t re ferre d t o

were th e c h am b ers on t h e n orth an d so u th si d es of t h e T e m
pl e m en ti on ed i n t h e sam e c hapter of Fi rst K i ng s a n d fi fth a n d
'

“
S i x t h verses : Fi ft h A n d again st t he wal l o f t h e h ouse h e b ui l t
, ,

ch am bers rou n d ab ou t t h e wal l s of t h e h ouse a bout of t he tem p le

,
1
an d t h e oracl e ; an d m a d e ch a m bers ro u n d ab out S i x th T he .
,
“

n et h erm ost ch am b er fi ve cu b its b road a n d t h e m i d d l e si x cu b i ts

,

broa d a n d t h e t h i r d sev e n c u bi ts b roa d : for wit h out of t he h ou se

,

h e m ade n arrowe d rest s rou n d ab out t h at t/ce bea m s sh ou l d n ot b e

”
fasten e d i n th e wal ls of th e h ouse .

T h en foll owe d i n t h e eigh t h v erse sam e ch ap ter as t o wh er e

, ,

“
t h e d oor w as t o t h ese t h ree t i ers of c h a m b ers i n t h e righ t si d e of
,
”
th e h ouse v i a at t h e east e n d i n si de of t h e p or c h or vesti b u l e
, , , .

‘
v Ve take oc c asi on at t h i s pl ace t o say t h at i n all of our ri tu al s ou r
lo dge room s are d iam et ri call y opp osi te i n t h ei r O ri en tat i on t o
-
“

th at of t he T em pl e wh i ch i t is s u pp osed we copy v i z
, t h e east O f a , .

“ ”
M ason i c l odge roo m i s at t h e e n d op posi te to the
-
entran c e .

N o w t h e en tran ce t o th e T e m pl e was at t h e east en d an d t h e ,

“
O racl e or H oly of H ol i es was at t h e west e n d wh e re we n ow
, , ,

p lace t h e presi di ng offi cer a n d al l M ason i c b odi es c l ai m i t t o be

,

“
t he E ast or O ri en t
“
.

T h e si t uati on of S ol om o n s T em pl e on M ou nt M ori ah on th e
’

, ,

eastern si d e of t h e Ci ty of J erusal em n o w o c cu pi e d by several

,

m osques of t h e M oh a m m e da n worsh i p t h e cen tral b u i l d i n g b ei n g

,

t h e m osqu e of O m ar ; t h e t op ograp h y of t h at part of t h e ci ty

rn i li ta te s agai nst every l egen d an d m yt h i n o u r M ason i c ri tual s i n .

al l t h e vari ous ri tes an d t h us i s destroye d any attem pt at real ism i n

,

ou r degrees whi c h m any very excel le n t B ret h ren sti l l a d here t o i n

,
.

”
t h ei r firm b eli ef i n t h e M ason ry of t h e T e m pl e W e agai n refe r .

“
to D r M ack ey for h i s com m en ts on t hi s poi n t : Le t us i nq u i re
.

i n to th e true d esign of th i s l egen d an d l earn th e l esson o f sy m b ol i sm

w h i c h i t i s i nten de d t o t eac h I n t h e i n vestigati on of th e tru e
.

m ean i ng of every M ason i c sy m b ol an d al legory we m ust be gov erne d ,

by t h e si ngl e pri n ci pl e th at th e w h ol e d esign of F ree m ason ry as a

spec u lati ve sci e nce i s t h e i n vestigati on of di v i n e trut h
,
To t h i s .

great o bj ect eve ryt h i ng i s su bsi d i ary T h e M ason i s fro m t h e m o w

S a nc tu m S a n c tor u m .
 L E G E N D S A N D S Y M B O L S O F M AS O N R Y

m en t of h is i n i tiat i on as an E n t ere d A pp re nt i c e to t h e ti m e at ,

w h ic h h e recei ves th e full frui ti on of M ason i c l igh t an i n vestigator ,

— a lab orer i n t h e qu arry a n d t h e te mpl e wh ose rewar d i s t h e -”

T ruth . A l l t h e c erem on i es an d tradi ti ons of th e order ten d t o t h is

ul ti m ate d esign I s t h ere l igh t to be ask ed for ? I t is t h e i n tel l e c t
.
-

u al l igh t of wi sdom an d tr u t h I s t h ere a word to b e sough t ?

.

T h at wor d i s t h e sy m b ol of T ru th I s t h ere a l oss of so m e th i ng

.

t h at h as b een p rom ise d ? T hat l oss i s typi cal of t h e fail ure of M a n ,

i n t h e i n fi rm ity of h i s nat ure t o di scov er d i vi n e t rut h I s t h ere a

,
.

su bst i t u te to be ap p oi n te d for t h at l oss ? I t i s an al l egory w h i c h ,

t eac hes u s th at i n t h is worl d m a n can on ly ap prox i m ate t o t h e full

,
” 1
c on c epti on of tru t h .

T h e p ro per l esson i n t h e A ll egory of t h e F ell o w C raft s degree

’
-

i s t o teac h t h e S eek er after T ru th t hat t h e i n tel l e c tu al facu l ti es

m ust b e c ul t i vate d a n d e d ucated by a regul ar cou rse of i nstru c ti o n
i n t h e l i b eral arts a n d sci en c es I n th e E n tere d A p pre n ti ce d egree
.

t h e can di dat e h as b een i nstructed i n th e m oral an d fun d am enta l

p ri n ci pl es so esse nti al ly n e c essary for t h e prop er a n d d u e p erform
an ce of h i s several d uties i n l ife t o G od h i s n eigh bor an d h i m sel f
, , , .

A ll S pec ul at i v e M asonr y m ust be ph il osop hi cal N o m an c an . .

bec om e truly a S p ecul ati ve M ason wi th out a kn owl e dge of t h e l i bera l

arts an d s c i en ces I t i s i n t h e se c o n d degree t h at t h e p ost ul ant
. .

l earn s of O perat iv e a n d S pec ulati ve M ason ry an d t h ese two d i v i s ,

e

i o ns are si m ply des c ri bed i n th e l ectu re T h e ca n di date m ust appl y .

h i m s el f d il igen tly t o t h ose seven arts an d sci en ces en u merate d a n d;

sym bol i z ed by t h e seven step s i n or d er t o ap prec iate S pec ulat i ve
F reem asonry . D oes anyo n e i magi n e t hat t h e eigh ty t h ousan d
c raft sm en at t h e b ui l d i ng of th e T e m pl e were i n structed i n th ose

seven li b eral arts an d s c i en c e s ? T hat t h ere was am ong t h e m al l ,

or i n t h at day anyon e wh o u n derstoo d t h e m ec ha n i c s of t h e h eav ens

,

or w h o d i d bel i eve t hat t h e S u n was t he c en ter of t h e sol ar syste m ,

an d t hat t h e E art h was i n an n ual revol utio n aroun d t h e s u n an d

.

di urn al rotati on on i t s ow n axi s ? A n d yet t h ese t wo pri n ci ples

are t h e fou n dat i on of astron o my .

I n our ri t ual s of t h e U n i te d S tates t h e w i n di ng stai rs are di ,

vi d e d i n to t h ree sets of o d d n u m bers T h e an c i e n t tem pl es were all

.

approac h e d by step s od d i n n u m b er ; an d V i truvi us t h e m ost a n

, ,

1 M ac k y
e ,
“
y b li
S m o s m of F r e e m a so n r y p
, . 2 16 .
1 76 8 H I ST O RY O F F R E E M AS O N R Y

c i ent wri t er on arc h it e c t u re assi g n s t h e reason to b e th at c om m e n c

, ,

i ng wi t h t h e ri gh t foot at t h e b ott om t h e worsh i p per woul d fi n d t he ,

sam e foot fore m ost w h en h e e ntere d t h e te m pl e w h i c h w as c o n si d ,

ere d a fo rtu n ate orn e n D r M ackey t h i nks h owe v er t hat M ason ry

. .
, ,

d eri v es t he use of o d d n u m b ers from P v t h a or as i n wh ose syste m g

,

of p h i l osop h y i t p la y s an i m po r tan t p a rt a n d i n wh ic h odd n u m b e rs ,

were c onsi d ere d as m ore pe rfec t t ha n e v en on es T raci ng b oar d s of .

t h e 1 8 1 h c entu r y S h ow o nl v fi v e steps d el i n eated an d i n som e t h ere

, ,

are se ven T h e l ec tu res use d i n E ngl an d i n t h e com m en cem en t of

.

t h e presen t c en tu r y acc or d i ng t o P res t on m ak e as m any as t h i rt y

, ,

eigh t i n s u m s of o ne t h ree fi v e seven n i ne an d el ev en

, , , , , , .

A fter t h e u n i on of t h e t wo G ra n d L o dges i n 1 8 1 3 D r H e m , .

m i ng t h e S en i or G ran d W ar d en i n h is n ew l ectures correct ed t h e

'

, ,

e rror i n h avi ng an even n u m ber b y s t ri k i ng o u t t h e el even .

I n t h e U ni t ed S tates t h ese n u m b ers were c hange d t o t h re e fi ve an d , ,

se ven m a k i ng fi fteen L i ke al l i n tel l ectual acq u i re me n ts t h ere m ust

, .

be a gra d u a l i n c reas e i n k n owle dge T h e p ost ul an t at h i s ap p roac h

.

to th e ascen d i ng sc al e of k n owledge i s p ri m aril y i nst r ucte d i n t h e

l essons of t h e t h ree st ep s h av i ng acqui re d t h es e h e a d vanc es to t h e ,

n ext as c ent of fi ve wh erei n h e i s i n stru cted i n t h e h u man sen ses so

, ,

essen ti all y n ec es sary for t h e app re h en sio n of al l p h y sical k n owl e dge

of t h e obj ecti v e worl d N ow i n asm u c h as th e com fort an d h ap p i
,

n ess of m a n k i n d i s gr eatl y a dd e d to i n t he b est m et h ods of c o n

st ruc ti on of ou r dwell i ngs as al so all p u b li c st ru ct u res t h e sc i en c e of
, ,

bu il di ng i s t augh t b y sh owi ng t he fu n dam en t al pri n c i p les of ar ch i

tec tu re as il l ustr ate d i n t h e fi v e O r d ers deri ved fro m t h e t h ree ori g i
n al O rd ers of t h e G reeks I n t h e nex t step s t h e ca n d i date ri ses t o
.

th e h igh est p osi t i on of i n tell ec tu al cul ti vat i on i n t he l i b e ral ar t s an d

sci en ces H avi ng attai n e d t o t h i s el evati o n h e i s en ti tl e d to h i s r e
.
,

war d wh i ch is den om i nat ed wages

,
H ere i s i n tro d uce d an ot h er
“
.

al l ego r y wh i c h i s deri v e d from a sc ri p t u ral passa ge an d i s design e d

, ,

t o p rove t h e v al u e of a se c ret pa s s word i n all of our M ason ic d e

-
,

gr e es wh i c h i s to d isti n gu i sh a fri e n d from a foe a n d by wh i c h is

, ,

p rove d t h e ri ght of a m em b er to a d m i ss i on t o t h e l o d ge an d sh oul d ,

al wa y s b e gi v en b efore O pen i ng th e l o dge an d by e very m e m b er or ,

vi sit or b efore a dm i ssi on T h i s i s ofte n en tirely n egl ect e d i n so m e

.

iur is di ct i ons .
1 7 70 H I ST O RY OF FR E E M ASO N RY

q u en tly u n i te d wi t h H u tc h i n son i n t h e i m p rove m en t of th e work

,

an d l ectu res of t h e t h ree d egrees T h e fou rth at tem p t t o i m p rove

.

t he l ectu res w as by W i ll i am P rest on H e en tere d t h e door O f M a

.

s o n r y i n a L odge o f t h e A n c i e nts b ut s u b s e q u e n tly b e c a m e a m e m

,
/

’
b er of a L odge of t h e M odern s P reston s l e c t ures re c o m m e n d e d
.

t h e m sel v es at onc e to t h e m ore l i terary cl ass of M ason s an d t oward ,

t h e c l ose of t h e i 8 th c en t u ry were t h e prev ai l i ng l ec tu res a n d were ,

i ntro d u c e d i nt o al l t he E ngl i sh work i ng l o dges i n t he C ol on i es e x

cep t i n P en n syl v an i a W h ere we h ave u n d erstood t h e work an d
,

l e c tu res of th e an c i e nts co nti n ued to p re vai l an d are m ore or l ess th e

work a n d l e c tures of t h e p resen t day .

W h en t he two ri val G ran d Lo dges of E n gl an d un i te d i n 1 8 1 3

“ ”
an d bec am e th e U n i te d G ran d Lo dge Dr H e m m i ng t h e
, .
,

S en i or G ran d War d en of t h e n ew G ran d L odge w as i n t rusted wi t h ,

t he work o f prepari ng a new set of l ectu res an d arrangi ng t he fl oor

work of t h e t hree d egrees a n d re c onci l ing any d i screp an c i es T hi s .

was t h e l ast ch ange i n t h e E ngl ish work an d l e c tu res i n E ngl an d .

A b o u t t h e cl ose of t he 1 8 t h cen t ury i n t h e last d e c ade T h om as S m i t h

W e bb wh o becam e ve ry con spi c uous as a M ason i c s c h ol ar i n t h e
,

n orth er n part of t h e U n i ted S tates m a d e m any c h anges i n t h e

,

work an d l ectu res of al l t h e sev eral d egrees i n M ason ry as far as

t h ey h ad b een i n t ro d u ce d i n t o t h e c ou n try J e re my L C ross of . .
,
”
V erm on t be c a m e h i s s c h ol ar an d ab ou t 1 8 1 6 h e t oo took a h an d
, ,
-

’
at t h e l e c t ure s an d m a d e c h anges i n W eb b s work so t h at n ow i n ,

al l t h e S tates of t he U n i on ex c ep t as b efore sai d i n P en nsyl van i a

, , ,

t h e V Ve b b P reston work an d l e c tu res p revai l

-
.

T h e fi rst se c t ion i n all t h e d egrees i n M ason ry i s t he i n i ti at ory

ri t e S o soon as t h e can di d ate i n any degree h as b een o bl igate d
.

h e i s essen t ial ly a M ason of th at degre e an d as su c h i s e nti tl e d t o

,

al l t h e se c rets a n d mysteri es ap pertai ni ng to t hat d egree ; h en ce

eve ry foll owi n g se c ti on i n any degree com pri ses i n stru c t i on s a n d
ex pl anat i on s of t h e several step s i n t h e i n i ti at ory secti o n o f t he
d egree .

I n t h e t h i r d d egree th e sec on d sect i on i s a d ra mat i cal r e p r e se n

,
“ ”
ta ti o n of t h e L egen d T o or d i n ary m i n ds u n accu sto m e d to al
.
,

l eg o r i c al represen tati on s i t i s recei ved as a t rue rep resen tati o n of a

,

real o c c u rren c e S c h ol ars wh o h ave c riti cally ex a m i n e d an d c o m

.

p ared al l th e c i r c u m stan c es of t h e al legori cal re presen tati on are ,

w ell sati s fi e d t hat suc h an occ urren ce c oul d n ot have hap pen ed i n
 LE G E N D S A N D S Y M B O LS OF M AS O N R Y 1 77 1

t h e l ocali ty r epresen ted T h e si tuati on of t he T e mpl e an d t h e s u r

.

rou n d i ng t opograp h ical features al l forb i d a ny suc h ci rcu mstances as

are relate d i n t h e L ege n d H en ce we m ust assu m e t hat our aut h ors
.

o f t h e l egen d i n ten ded i t t o b e th e c ul m i nati ng S ym b ol of A n ci en t

C raft M ason ry I n t h at l egen d i s carri ed ou t t o i ts ul ti m ate ex ten t
.

t h e gran d i dea wh i c h prevai led an d d om in ate d every on e of t h e A h

ci e nt M ysteri es of t he O ri e ntal religiou s ri tes a n d wh en we careful ly ,
“
read between t h e l i n es we l earn h ow very near to t h e fun d a
”
m ental p ri n c i pl es O f Ch ri sti a n ity all of t h ose rel igi ou s ri tes ap
p r o ac h e d eve
, n i n t he i r ign orance of wh at D r O l i ver an d D r . .

M ackey have de n o m i nated true M ason ry T ru e M ason ry as .

,

origi nal ly designed was i n ten de d t o be stri ctly T ri n itari an C h ri s

,

ti a n i ty
, an d every step taken i n M ason ry p ri or t o th e organ i z ati on
of t h e G ran d Lodge of E ngl an d i n 1 7 1 7 was C hri sti an a n d n o one
, , ,

“
coul d be a M ason wh o was n ot su ch an d was true to M ot h er ,
”
C h urc h as al l t h e A n cien t M an uscri pt s prove a n d i n som e G ran d
, ,

L odges i n E u rop e t h i s test i s s ti l l requ ire d an d a J e w or an i n fi de l

i s e x cl u d ed P erh ap s t h e ch ange m ade i n t h is d i rect i o n after 1 7 1 7,
.
,

a d m i tti ng only t h ose wh o professed a b el i e f i n G od as b ei ng t h e

on ly test of el igi b i l i ty h as d on e good by spreading abroad al l t he
, ,

val uabl e p ri nci ples i n vol ve d I n our several l ectures fou n ded as t h ey , ,

all are up on F a i t/i i n G o d a n d having n o ot h er dogm a

, , T o th i s en d .

w as t h e l egen d of t h e t h i r d degree i nve nted an d t h e sec ret my s ter i es ,

of th e w h ol e of M ason ry are con ceal e d i n t h e s u bs ti tu te wh en p rop

erly i n terpret ed as t h at sh oul d be an d n ot as n ow gen erally e x
, ,

plai ned whi c h h as n o m ean i ng wh at ever W h en properly ex p lai ne d

, .
,

i t agrees p r ec i s ely wit h tb a t for wh i c h i t w a s su bstitu ted 1

.

N otwi t hstan di ng th e c on cl usi o n reac h e d by D r M ack ey i n th e .

C h apter X X X I referre d t o we d o n ot fully agree wit h h i m bu t

.
, ,

b eli eve t h at t he origi n of t h e M ysteri es i nv olved i n t h e t h i rd d e

gree were i n v en te d som e t i m e subsequ en t to t h e organ i z at i on i n
1 7 1 7 ; an d t h at per haps C h eval i er R am say m ay h ave b een t h e au
, ,

t h or or wi t h t h e pri ests i n t h e Col l ege at C lerm ont h ave con coct ed

, , ,

t h ose secrets an d i nven ted t h e R oyal A rc h degree w h i c h h e

, ,

brough t wi th h i m i n to E ngl an d an d e n deav ore d t o i ntroduce i nt o

, (

t h e work of t h e G ran d L odge of E ngl an d W e k n ow t h at t h e de .

gr ee was fi nal ly i ntroduce d i n to t h e work of t h e “ A n cien ts of

1
See i n t hi s w or k ch . xxxi p
.
, . 2 90 et s e u i ter
g
'

.
1 7 72 H ISTORY O F F RE E M ASO N RY

D er m ott , an d su b sequ e n tly by D u n c k e r ly i n t o t h e ol d G ran d L odge

, ,

of E nglan d of w h i c h h e was a very c on sp icu ou s a n d d i sti ngui sh e d

,

m e m b er T h rough h i m t h e t h i rd d egree was so al tere d t hat t o o h

.

tai n t h e origi n al essen ti al secrets of t hat degree i t becam e req u i si te

t o tak e t h e R oyal A rc h degree N ow i n t h e A nci en t an d A c cep ted .
,
”
R i te t h e degree of M aso n o f t h e R oyal A rch wh ic h i s essen t ially ,

t h e sam e as t he R am say degree i s so n early l i ke t h e E ngl i sh R oyal ,

A rc h degree th at we m ay say t h ey are b oth from t h e sam e origi n al

source E veryon e wh o i s fam i l iar w it h t h ese several d egrees m u st
.

c on fess t h ere i s a fam i ly l ik e ness an d t h ey al l c on c u r i n t h e i r essen , ,

t ial featur es i n de m onstrati ng t hat t h e rel igi ous el em en ts are t h e

,
1
s am e .

I n reference t o t h e occul t sci e n ce i n I n d ia we tak e t h e fol low ,

~

i ng e x tract from Loui s J ac oll iot as tran sl ated by W i l l ard L F el t , .

R em e m b er my S on t hat t h ere i s only one G od t h e S overeign

, ,

M aster a n d P ri n ci pal of all t h i ngs an d t h at t h e B rah m i n s sh oul d ,

worsh i p h i m i n secret ; b u t l earn al so t hat th is i s a mystery w h i c h ,

s h oul d n e ver b e reveal ed t o th e v ulgar h erd — o t h erwise great

h arm m ay befal l you [W ords .

c r m" ea
sp ok en by t h e B rah m i ns u p on
Brah m a A A gn i
recei vi ng a c an di date for i n
C ti r ea i ti ati on accord i ng to V r i h as
on

D y P a ll J
[P ] [ t ]
r e se r ve r e s r o er -

fi sh “ U sh as U M i tr a Si a T h i s tri angul ar arrangem ent v

Pm m fi m e Tm f m d of t h e gr eat nam e A U M rec

s o a on , ,

og n i z e d as t h e W O R D i n t he

h igh er M yste ri es i n I n di a as t h e O n e G od referre d t o i n t h e ab ove

,

e x tract rep resen ts t he T ri u n e G od of al l t h e A n ci en t M ysteri es of

,

t h e O ri en tal rel igi on s .

U n der t h e h ead of Free m ason r y Chapte r I I pag e 48 4 D r , .

, , .

M ack ay says
K rau se gives am pl e p roof that th e C ol l eges o f A r ti fi c er s m ade
u se of sy m bols deri ve d fro m t he i m p l em ent s an d u sages of t h ei r

c raft . W e n ee d n ot b e surprise d at t h i s for th e sym bol i c i dea was , ,

a s we k n ow l argely c ulti vate d by t h e an ci ents

,
T h ei r m yt h ol ogy .
,

w h i c h was t h ei r rel igi on was m ad e u p out of a great syst e m o f ,

sy m b ol i sm S ab ai sm t h ei r fi rst w orsh i p was al toget h er sym b ol i c

.
, , ,

1
Se e in t hi s wor k ch . xxii pp .
, . 13 5 to 1 3 9 ; l
a s o ch . xx i p
v .
, . 1 78 .
 LEGE N D S A N D SY M B O LS or M AS O N R Y i 77 3

an d out of t h e i r pri m iti ve a d oration of t h e si m pl e forces of n at ure ,

b y degrees an d wi t h t h e a d vance m e n t of ci v i l i z at i on was de v eloped ,

a m u l ti pl ici ty of dei ti es every one of wh i c h c oul d be traced for h i s

,

origi n t o t h e i m p erso n ati on of a sym bol I t woul d i n d ee d be .

, ,

st range i f wi t h su c h an ed u c ati on t h e vari ous craftsmen h a d fai le d

, ,

t o have i m bue d th ei r t rades wi t h t h at sam e sym b oli c sp iri t w h ic h

w as i nfuse d i nto all t hei r rel igi ous rites an d t he ir p u b l i c an d pri vate
”
acts .

I n plates 1 an d 2 ( pages 1 7 1 8 an d 1 7 2 0) we hav e sh own a very

few of t he sy m b ol s use d by t h e A nc i ents i n t h ei r mythol ogi es an d ,

wh i c h are C op i ed from Cal m e t an d h erewi th i s a S hort d escri p tio n

,

of eac h .

Figure 1 pl at e I i s a n I n d ian represe ntati on O f V i sh n u t h e

, , ,

sec on d p erson of t h e T ri m u rti — t h e sem blance of th e G od i s seat ed ,

on a l ot us—plan t havi ng fou r arm s an d i n eac h h an d a pec ul i ar e m

,

bl em i s d isplaye d T h e stem i s su pp orte d by V i sh n u represent e d

.
,

as an i m m en se t urtl e A huge serpen t en ci r c l es t h e pi l lar ; t h e

.

’
gods h ol d t he tai l part a n d t h e a a i ty a s or dem on s h ol d t h e opp osite
en d B y p ul l i ng t he serpen t al ternat ely th e sea was c on vert e d i n to
.

m i lk an d t hen i n to b utter an d fro m t h i s was obtai ne d t he A m r i ta

, ,

or water of l i fe w h i c h was d ran k by t h e I m m ortals .

Figure 2 represen ts B rah ma seated on a l otus fl ower after t he

deluge Ca l m e t supp oses i t t o represe nt N oah an d hi s t h ree son s
. .

T h e con n ect io n b et wee n n u m b ers o n e an d two m ay b e seen i n t he

c on c h sh el l s sh own i n t h e han ds an d th e c h ai ns of pearls arou n d t h e
,

n ec k s .

F igu re 4 represe nts t h e S u n G od an d D e us L u n n s -

.

F igures 3 5 a n d 6 are d i ff ere nt form s of N ergal

, , T h e wor d .

N e r Ga l d i vi d es i nt o two parts : N e r sign i fies l igh t or l u m i nary

-
, ,

etc an d g a l sign i fies to roll revol ve a revol uti on a ci rcu it t h e

, , , ,

two t ogeth er i m pl ies t h e revol vi ng or ret urn i ng l ight I f t h i s b e .

truly descri pt ive of N ergal t h ere i s n oth i ng i m probab l e i n c on si der

,

i ng t he co c k as al l usi ve t o i t si n ce t h e vigi lan c e of t h e cock i s

,

wel l kn own an d t hat h e gi ves d u e n oti ce of t he very earl iest r eap

,

p e ar a n c e of l ight m orn i ng after morni ng T here are di ff eren t .

sen ses i n wh i c h l igat m ay be take n b esi des i ts referen c e t o n atu ral

,

l ight
1 st D el i veran ce from any si ngul ar danger or di stress
. E st h , . .

vi i i 1 6
. .
1 774 H I STO RY OF F R E E M AS ON R Y

2 dly . P osteri ty ; a son or suc ce ss or

, . 1 Ki ngs xi .
36 ; 2 C hron .

x xi 7
3 d iy R esurre c ti on ,
. or som et h i n g very l ik e it . J ob x x x i i i .

2 8, 3 0 ; P sal m x c v i i .

I n t h e figu res 3 an d 6 t here i s n o all usi on t o th e fi rst of

, 5,
t h ese p ri n c i pl es but t h ey have a strong referen ce to t h e se c on d
, ,

P osterity an d t h e i d ea of fec u n d i ty i s ex presse d i n t h e a d ap tati on

,

of t h e figure of a c ock wh i c h sign i fies t h e retu rn i ng of ligh t

,
.

I n figure 5 wh i c h i s take n fro m a ge m i n t h e G al l ery at F l or

,

en ce I taly two c o c k s are yoke d t o t h e car of Cu p i d an d d ri ve n

, , ,

by on e C up i d an d l e d by an ot h er ; an d n ot m erel y as i f h arn esse d

t o a com m on car b ut as i f th ey h ad been i n a ra c e a n d h a d
,

c om e off v i c tori ous ; as th e d ri vi ng C up i d carri es a pal m bran c h -

,

whi c h i s t he reward of v ict ory obtai n ed by t hese h i s e m b l e m at ,

ical c o u rsers .

I n fig u re 3 we h ave a c ar wi th a co c k stan di ng i n t h e atti t u d e of

c rowi ng a n d fl ap p i ng h i s wi ngs ; wh i c h i s t h e c ustom of t h i s b i r d on

c ertai n o c casi ons T h e star sh own i s t h e S tar of V en u s a n d d is

.
,

t i n g u i s h e s t h is eq ui page as t h e con secrate d veh i c l e of t hat s u p re m e

go d dess of l ove a n d b eauty A t a S h ort d istance i n t h e b a c kgrou n d

.

sits H ym en t h e g od o f m arriage a n d c onj ugal i ty h i s torch b righ tly

,

b l a z i ng ; at h i s feet i s a c ock cr owi ng etc i n a m an n er a nd att i tu d e , .

,

very l ik e th e ot her ; an d wi t h pre c i sely th e sam e al l usi on s T h e i n .

d i c a tio n of t h i s all egory i s t h e i n fl ue nc e of V e n us a n d H y m en t h e ,

gen i al powers of v i tal i ty or: t h e re n ovati on of l ife i n h u m a n p os

, ,

t e r i ty .

A t h e ex t i nct i on of l am p s or t orc h es i n d i c ated u tter d esol a

s , ,

ti on d epri vat i on of ch i l dre n a n d m i sery so on th e c on t rary we are

, ,

l e d to i m ply t h e j oy of co nn u b i al e ngage m en ts .

T h e figure 6 represen ts a cock h ol d i ng i n h is b il l two ears of

c orn h e i s att en d e d by M ercury h avi ng a Ca d u c eus i n on e h an d , ,

a n d a b ag of m on ey i n t h e ot h er T h i s gem h as p u z z l e d t h e .

1 “
l earn e d M ont fa u con says : T o see M erc ury wi th a c o c k i s
.

com m on en ough bu t to see h i m wal ki ng before a cock l arge r t han

h i m sel f i s what I h ave n ever n ot ice d e x c e p t i n t h i s rep resentati on
, ,
.

I t m ay d en ote t hat t he greatest of t he q uali t ies of M er c u ry i s v ig i

lance T h e c ock h ol ding t h e c orn i n h i s bi l l m ay perh aps m ean
.
, , ,

1
V ol i
. .
, pp . 123 , 12 8 .
 LEGEN D S AND SY M BO LS OF M AS O N R Y 1 775

t h at vigi lance only can p roduc e p l en ty O f t he producti ons n e c e s

”
sary t o t h e supp ort of l i fe A nc ie nt M yt h ol ogy adop te d vari ous
.

represen tati on s of t h e h u m an form .

Figure 7 i s an A b ra x as taken from M on t fauc on I t rep

,
.

resen t s a m an wi t h two faces h avi ng o n h i s h ea d t he b ush el or

sacre d Ca l a t/z u s ; t wo wings are on h i s sh oul d ers an d t wo wi ngs
o n h i s h i p s a n d a sc orp i on s tai l a n d a sta ff i n eac h h an d
’
.
,

F igure 8 ev i den tly represen ts N eptu n e .

F igure 9 rep rese nts A sh tarot h or A starte wh i c h i s t he sam e as ,

V e n us S h e h ol d s a l ong cross i n her h an d an d h as t h e sa c re d

.

Ca l a tb u s o n h er h ead T hi s i s a M edal of Zi don wh i c h was a c i ty

.
,

of great ant i qui ty ; S t A m b rose i n writi ng t o S ym m ac h us i m

.
, ,

pl i es t hat V e n us i s t h e M e tr an e of P ersia an d t h oug h worsh i ppe d ,

u n d er d i ff eren t n am es yet i s c on stantly t he sam e p owe r I n t h is .

con n ect i on we m ust e nlarge som ewh at u po n t h e n am es of A sh taroth ,

A starte an d V en us as i n t h e descri pti o n of several of t h e fol l ow

, ,

i ng fig u res t h e su bj ect wi l l b e b etter u n derstoo d .

V enu s represen t ed wi t h a cl ove i s referre d t o A skel on an d ye t ,

w e k n ow t hat E gypt h a d h er V e n us an d dove as sh own i n a m edal ,

wh en sh e st an d s wi t h a sta ff i n one han d an d a d ove su p p orte d by

t he ot h er h an d exte n ded T h i s m e d al was stru ck i n T e n tyra a c ity
.
,

o f E gypt T h i s sh ows t h at t h e worsh i p of t h e d ove was very p rev

.

a l e n t i n t h ese cou ntri es T h e etym ol ogy of A skel on i s d eri v ed

.

fro m weight or bal an c e s b e b e l A n ot her origi n i s suggested A s li

, , .

i n H ebre w de n otes fi re ; K el den otes act i vi ty b ri sk n ess a n d h eat , , ,

e ven t o wasti n g ; l u n d en otes to resi de to stay t o rem ai n T hese , , .

“
i d eas com b i ne d m ean t h e resi dence or stati on of fi re i n acti vi ty
, , , , ,

or b e ati n g : T o e x p lai n t h i s t h e foll owi ng H i n doo st ory is fo u n d

i n A s i a ti c R es ea r cb es vol i v p 1 6 8 wh i c h agrees wi th t h i s etym ol
,
. .
, . ,
“
o y
g . T h e P u ranas rel ate t hat S am i R am i i n t h e shap e of a dove , ,

cam e an d ab ode at A sc h al a n or th an wh i c h i s ob vi ously A sk el on ;

’

h ere S am ir a m is was b orn acc or d i ng t o D iod or u s S ic u l u s an d h ere

, ,

s he w as n urse d by doves S h e was says h e t he daugh ter of D e r k e

.
, ,
o

t os H ere say t h e I n d ian P uranas s he m ade h er fi rst ap pearan ce

.
, , .

N ow by d ov es we are to u n derstan d pri estesses ; by h er bi rt h t h e

, , ,

i n sti tuti on or establ i sh m ent of h er worsh i p as d augh t er i e im , , . .

m ed iat e successor o r o ff spri ng of D e r k e tas S a m i i s th e H i n d oo .

’
wor d for fi re an d R a m a sign i fies t h e fi r tree ; S taa n i s stati on
,
-
,

resi d en ce d wel l i ng By un i t ing t h ese i d eas we fi n d t h ey also

, .
,
 17 7 6 H IST ORY OF F R E E M AS O N R Y

s igni fy t h e resi den ces S t/za n of fi re S a m i i n perfect con form i ty

‘
, , , ,
” 1
to t h e H eb rew n am e as ab ove ex pl ai n e d , .

F igu re I O rep rese nts D agon properly D ag A n n W e m u st ,

-
.

an ti c i pate t h e descri pti on of t h i s figu re by referen ce to an oth er

figu re n ot S h own v i z
,
T h ere i s a gem i n th e Fl ore nti n e G al l ery
, .

wh i c h i s p rob ab ly of G reci an work m an shi p ; i t s h ow s t he p rogress ,

of t h ose vari at i ons by wh i c h i n p ro c ess of t i m e A r t rel i n qui sh e d th e

t r u ly anc i en t rep rese n tati o n of D agon T h i s figu re ex h i b i t s a u n i on .

of t h e hu m an an d fi shy parts b u t t h i s u n i on i s c on trary t o t he

origi n al i dea of th e e m bl em wh i c h w a s t hat of a pe rson c om i n g ou t
,

of a fi s /z n ot m ak i ng a part of t h e fi sh bu t i ss u i ng f r om i t (A s
, ,
.

wi l l b e see n i n figure S h al l I b e t h ought fan c i ful i n referri n g

t h e figures of t h i s p late to tradi ti onal m em orials of N oah h i s wi fe , ,

an d t h ree son s ? A ll of t h e m h av i ng h u m an upp er p arts b u t ,

p i sci n e l ower p arts i e al l of t h e m origi n al ly c on si d ere d as h avi ng

. .
,

i ssue d fro m a fi sh ; t hough by lap se of ti m e t h e i m p ort of t hat

al l egorical represe n tati on w as forgot N B T h e origi nal M er m a n . .

an d M er m a i d of ou r h eral d ry su p p orters
?
I n figure 1 0 i nstea d of ,

t h e m al e an d fe m al e an d t hree c h i l d re n al l h avi ng p is c i n e l ower

, ,

parts t h ere i s o n e person al l i e d t o a fi sh ; b u t th i s on e pe rson h as

,

fou r arm s or govern i ng p owers N ow I tak e th e fac t t o b e t h i s

, .

w h en th e m a l e p erson ag e was u se d as a typ e of t he even t c orn

m e m or ate d i n t h i s e m b l e m t h en t h e origi nal al l usi on w a s to N oah
,

a n d h i s t h ree son s ; b ut w h e n a fem al e person age was u se d as an ,

e m b l em of t h e very sam e eve n t t h e n th e al l usion was t o t h e w i fe ,

of N oah O n th e sa me p ri n ci pl e gen eal ogi es were reck on e d a n d

. ,

are st il l i n t h e E ast only by t h e mal e se x ; we h ave n o gen ealogy

,

by wom e n i n S cri p t ure ; b u t t h i s rul e was dep arte d fr om sp ec i a l i '

r a ti a wh en t h e u n i versal m ot h er of t he se c on d race of m an k i n d
g ,

was to b e co m me m orated Vi de figu re 2 for t h e p i ct ure of a m a n

.

wi t h four h eads an d four arm s t h at i s fou r govern ing p owers M e n , , ,

tal an d C orporal or i n t hi s I n di an e m b l em t h e fou r states an d c on ,

d i ti o n s of l i fe or t he four ca s tes an d d i st i n c t ion s am on g t h e i n h a b i

,
«

tants wh i c h ca s tes are o n t h e I n d ian syste m equall y attri b utabl e

, , ,

to N oah as th e f a t/zer or t o h i s w i fe as t h e m ot h er of s u c c ee d i ng
,

generat i on s T h e fou r b ear d e d h ea d s m ay b e th ose of t h e four

.

fat he rs of m ank i n d u ni te d i n to on e ; sign i fy i ng l eg i s l a ti ve gove rn

1
Ca l m e t , F gm
ra e n t 2 6 9, p .
3 73 .
2 l b id .
, p . 13 3 .
 L E G E N D S A N D S Y M B O LS O F M A S O N R Y 1 777

m en t , m oral s e tc T h e fo ur arms to t h e fe mal e figure N o 1 0

, .
, .
,

m ay sign i fy ex ecut i ve govern m en t S til l t h ey represen t govern .

m ent i n so m e m an n er or oth er ; an d w h er e for e /ou r ? u n l ess fou r

person s h ad origi n al ly th ei r resp e c ti ve d ep art m en ts i n con d u c ti ng
t h e gen eral wel fare of t h e c om m un ity t hei r d esc en dants , .

1
Figure 1 0 pl ate 2 i s fro m M au ri c e s H i s tor y of ]n d i a
, , I t rep
’
.

resents a fem al e crown ed h avi ng four arms each h ol d i ng i t s p rop er

, , ,

sym bol co m i ng out of a great fi sh as i f t h i s great fi sh was cast i ng

,

fort h t hi s person age after t h e te m pestu ous ocean w as cal m e d t h e

.

, ,

evi l d em on d estroyed an d th e verdan t m ea d ows were agai n cl ot hed

,

wi th c h eerfu l h er bage as app ears i n th e backgrou n d of t h e origi nal

, .

T hi s e m bl e m i s cal le d i n I n d ia n on e of t he ap pearanc es of
A v ar tas of V i sh nu ;
T h ere i s an an ci e nt fab le t hat O an n es w h o w as sai d to b e h al f a ,

m an an d h al f a fi sh cam e t o B abyl on a n d ta ug b t s e ver a l A r ts ; a n d

,

a te r w a r d r e tu r n ed to t/ t h ere were several of t h ese

f z e sea

O an nes th e n ame of o ne w as O dac o n i e 6 D ag on [t h e , . .

,

D ag on ] B erosus sp eaki ng of O an n es says h e had t h e b ody an d

.
, ,

h ea d of a fish an d a bove t/i e lzea d of t/z e fi s fi b e lea d a lz u m a n lz ea d ;

a n d bel ow t h e t ai l of th e fish h e had h u m an feet T h is i s t h e tru e .

figu re of D agon w h o was t h e G o d of t h e P h i l i sti n es i e t h e m ost

, , . .
,

of t h e i n h ab itan ts of P al esti n e l ong pri or t o t h e t i m e wh en J osh u a ,

le d t h e c h i l dren of I srael across th e ri ver J ordan an d t ook p osses

si on of t h e wh ol e cou ntry an d di vi ded i t a m ong t h e twelv e tri b es .

E tym ol ogists say t hat D agon was S at urn ot h ers say h e was J u p i ter
ot h ers say V en us w h om t h e E gyp ti an s worsh i p ped u n der t h e for m
,
’
of a fi sh ; because i n T yp ho n s war agai n st t h e gods V en us c on ,

2 3
c e a l e d h ersel f un der t h i s S hap e D iod or u s S ic u l u s says t h at at .
,

A skel on t h e go d dess D e r c e to o r A tag ati s was worsh i ppe d un d er , ,

th e figu re of a wom an wi t h t h e l ower parts of a fi sh ( see figure

,

18 , p late an d L uci an d e D e a S y r : d escri bes th at go d d ess

, or ,

V en u s as bein g adored un d er t hi s form

, .

T h ere i s an an ci en t fabl e t h at O an nes a creat ure h al f m an h al f, , ,

fi sh rose out of t he R e d S e a an d cam e t o B abylon wh ere h e ta u gh t

, , ,

m en several arts an d t h en ret urn e d agai n t o t h e sea A p ollo d orus

, .

r eport s th at four s u ch O an n es i n several ages h a d ari sen o u t of t h e , ,

R e d S e a an d t h at t he n am e of on e of t h em w as O d ac o n w h e n c e th e
,

1 P l a te V I I .
, p 5 . 0 7, p e r Ca l m e t, v ol . iii p
.
, . 1 83 .

2
Ov d , i l ib . V .
, fa b 5 . .
3
Li b . ii p.
, . 65 .

1 12
1 77 8 H I S T O RY OF F R E E M AS O N R Y

1
l earne d S el d e n d eri v es D agon T h e worsh i p of D ago n c on ti n u e a
.

i n P al esti n e u n ti l t h e ch ange i n t h e myth ol og y of early d avs t o t h e

G reek n om en clature after t h e d ays of A l e x an d er t h e G reat
, T he .

t em pl e of D agon was p u l le d d ow n by S am pson at G az a T h e P h i l .

i s ti n e s dep osi te d t h e ark i n t h e te m pl e of D agon at A z oth .

F igu re 1 1 p late 1 1 rep resen ts S u c c ot h B e n o th a n d i s a c o m

, , ,

pan i on t o t h e D eity N e rg al wh i c h t h e B abyl on ian s sel ected as t h ei r

favorite o bj e c t of worsh i p ( 2 K i ngs x v i i .

T hi s representat i on i s evi d e nt ly V e n us ri si ng from th e sea at ,

t en d ed by T riton s wh o regar d h er wi t h ven erati on an d tri um ph

,

u n i te d ; b u t t h i s i s n ot t h e origi n al V en us i t i s t h e st ory p oeti cal ly

treat ed vari e d b y t h e l ooser i m agi n ati on of th e G reeks from t h e
, ,

an ci e nt e m b le m ; retai n i ng t h e i dea b ut ch angi ng t h e figu res e tc , , .

,

as see n t h ey d id i n D agon an d as t h ey were accust om ed t o d o i n al l

,

t he ir D eit ies ; from w h en c e t h e E gyp tian s etc th ough t th em i m , .

,

p i ous an d i n dee d t h ei r i mages be c a m e h ereby al togeth er d es ecr a ted .

T o t h i s i n ci den t of V e n u s risi ng from t h e S e a ough t t o be referre d

al l t h at t h e poets have wri tte n o n t h e b irt h of t h e goddess of b e a u t v
from t h e b ri ny wave from th e frot h or foa m of t h e sea etc of
, , .
,

wh i ch en ough m ay easi ly b e m et wi t h am ong th e c lassic writers ,

G reek or L at i n .

T h e H eb rew word S uc cot h i s u su ally r e n d e r e d bootb s i e te m , . .

,

“
p o r ar y resi de n ces as tents e tc , T h e R ab bi n s tran slate i t
, . t en ts of
t h e young wom en i t i s l i teral ly t/z e ta ber n a cl es of t/ze da ug b te r s .

“
or y ou ng w om e n t h at i s i f be n ot/z b e tak en as t h e n am e of a fe
, ,

m al e i d ol fro m B en e/z t o b ui l d u p procreate ch i l d ren t h en t h e

, , ,

wor d s wi l l ex press Tb e ta ber n a cl es sacred to t/ze p r od u c ti v e p ow e r s

,

f em in ine .

T hed o v e wh e n u sed as an i n s i gn i a or as a t oken referre d p ri

, ,
~

m ari ly t o t he d ove at t h e del uge ; a n d t h e dou bl e faced J ason re -

ferred p ri m ari ly t o N oa h ; Wh o l ooked back ward on on e worl d ,

en de d a n d forwar d o n an oth er begi n n i ng I n t h e i ll ustrati on s c o n

, , .

n e c te d wit h S uc c ot h B e n o th t h e h ead of V e n u s on one si d e of a

m e d al wi th a dov e for i ts reverse a n d a h ea d of J an u s wi t h a d ove,

al so for its reverse m ust origi n al ly h ave referred to th e sa m e eve n t ;

,

an d t h i s even t was wh at th e figu re of D e r k e tos wh o was th e S yrian ,

god dess com m em orated i n ot her words V e n us 1i si ng fro m t h e S e a

, ,
.

1 Ca l m e t’s D i ti
c onar y , Da g on .
 LE G E N D S AND S Y M B O LS OF M AS O N R Y 1 7 79

D e r k e tos i ss u i ng from a fi sh I s t N oah as th e great p rogen i tor of , ,

mank i nd rest ore d to l ight an d l i fe 2 d ly th e prol i fi c p owers agai n

, ,

i n ex erc i se t o 3 d iy th e revival o f h u m an p osteri ty e tc afte r a tem

, , , .
,

p o r a r
y res i d enc e i n th at fl oat i ng wom b of m an k i n d t he ark of pres ,

1
e r va ti on .

Th e c om p osi ti on of a wom an wi t h th e form of a fi sh i s seen i n

a m e d al of M arsei l l es represent i ng A te r g a tis D e r k e tos t h e S yrian , ,

go d dess V e n us M arseil les was settle d by a c olony of P h oen ic ian s

.

from S yri a T h ey l i ke t h e M e n of B abyl on carrie d t hei r c ou nt ry

.
, ,
?
worsh i p a n d god s wi th t h em t o t h ei r d i sta nt settl em en t
I n fig u re 1 2 i s a represent at i on of t he eigh t h A vatar of V i sh n u ,

i n wh i c h h e re present s t h e G ood B lack S h ep h erd treading u p on t h e

head of t h e S erp en t Ca l an ac h T h e prom i se m a d e to A da m an d.

E ve wh e n t h ey were tu rn e d out of t h e gar d en of E d en w a s t h at ,

th ei r see d S h oul d bru ise t h e h ead of t h e S erpen t N ow t h i s figu re .

,

of V i sh n u t h e sec on d person of th e I n d ian T ri m u rti was cal le d

, ,

K ri sh n a — t h e A n oi nte d on e — an d so me h ave t hought t h at t h i s

m y t h was t o i l l ustrate t h e prom ise made to A da m an d E v e as ab o v e ,

stated .

F igure 1 3 i s a represen tat i on of A shtarot h t he sam e as A start e ,

or V en us T h e h orn s are n ot u n i ted t o form a cres c e n t as i n ot h er

.

pi ctures b u t are m ore n atu ral ; arou n d t h e beauti ful h ead are t h e
S ev e n stars by t h ree a n d fou r an d two figu res of l ight n i ng t o S h ow
,

3
her a t hori ty as regen t of n ight
u .

Figu re 1 4 re presen ts an ot her form of A b rax as wh ic h h as m ore

e m b l em s t ha n figure 7 T h i s figure h as on i t s h ea d t h e l otos ; i t
.

h as four Wi ngs ; an d c on n ecte d wi t h ea c h wi ng a n arm ; an d i n

ea c h o f i ts fou r h an ds d i ff eren t destru c ti ve e m bl em s I t h as on i t s .

feet wh at m igh t b e taken for a t h ird p ai r of wi ngs ; b ut t hese are

very i m perfect i f t h ey b e W i ngs
, .

Figu re 1 5 i s D ea Lu n a or D eu s Lun n s T hi s rep resen ts a m an .

wi t h a P hrygi an b on n et o n h i s h ea d cl ot h e d i n a S h ort d ress a , ,

’
sword i n h is righ t h an d i n h is l eft a m an s h ead wh ic h h e h as r e
, ,

c e n tl
y c u t off from th e b ody lyi ng by h i m wh ose fl owi ng bl ood ,

“
sp i rt s u p war d M ar c r o biu s says t h e M oon was b ot h m a l e a n d
.

em a l e a n d a d d s on e p arti c ul ar from P h i l o c o r u s t h at t h e mal e

f ,

sex sa c ri fi c e d t o h i m i n t h e fe m al e h abi t an d t he fem ale sex i n t he ,

l Ca l m e t v ol . ii p
.
, . 28 3 .
2 l bid .
, p .
'

2 3 4. 3 l bi d p .
, .
375 .
1 7 80 H I S T O RY OF F R E E M AS O N RY

m a re h ab i t T h o u gh S p a r t ia n sp eaks of Carhoo as a p lace fam ou s

.

for t h e worsh i p of L u n n s t h e reader m ust not t h i n k t h i s worsh i p ,

w a s c on fi ne d t o th at pla c e a n d to M esop otam i a for i t was sp read

al l over t h e E ast T h is wors h i p wa s establ i she d i n Ph oe n ic ia l ong
.

b efore t h e em pi re of C aracal l a ; a m edal p u bl i sh e d b y V ail lan t hat h

A n toni n u s P i u s o n on e si de a n d t h e g o d L u n u s on t h e oth er wi th ,

h i s S yri an c a p on an d h ol di ng a sp ear wi t h a great star o n o ne

,

S i d e of h i m an d a c res c en t wh ic h sign i fies t he m oon on t h e ot h er

, , , .

T h e m e d al w as st r u ck at G ab a n ear Caesarea i n P al est i n e by t h e , ,

1
b orders of P hoe n ici a .

Figure 1 6 represen ts t h e E gypti an V enus T h is m e d al was .

stru c k i n T en tyra a ci ty of E gy pt as a pp ears by t h e l ege n d u p on

, ,

i t S tra b o m e nti on s a te m pl e of V en us at T e ntyra

. Th is is a .

reverse of a m edal of A d rian ; i t rep resen ts V en us h ol d i ng h er

dove i n on e h an d i n t h e ot h er a sta ff O n t h e W h ol e t h i s h as a
, .
,

st ro n g si m i l i tu d e t o m edal s of A sk el on an d sh ows t h at t h e worsh i p ,

of t he d ove w as very p reval en t i n t h ese coun tri es an d i n t h ei r t e ,

?
sp ec ti ve a dj ace n cies

Figure 1 7 i s a represen tat i on of a fou r h orn e d goat w h ic h i s -

,

sai d to b e fro m S pai n wi t h two u prigh t an d two later al h orn s T h i s

, .

an i m al was al ive i n Lon don ab ou t 1 76 9 I t i s a sy m bol of t h e goat .

o f M en d es .

Figure 1 8 rep resen t s th e figu re of a wo man u n ite d t o t h e fo rm

of a fish an d i s si m il ar i n c om p osi t i on an d sh ap e of A te r g ati s D e r
,
-

k et os t h e S yri an go dd ess
, .

Figures 1 9 an d 2 0 re prese nt two ap pearances of B aal T h ey .

are h u m an h eads wi th sy m b ol s of anox a d d ed to th em .

O b serve i n N o 1 9 t h e stars wh i ch acc om pa ny t h e h ea d i f t h ese

.

stars or i f a si ngl e star be referre d t o t h e D ei ty i t accom pa ni es th en

, , ,
“
we see h ow easi ly th e I srael i tes m igh t tak e u p t h e S tar of th ei r
”
G od ( A m os v i e p ort rayed o n m ed al s or sm al l figures
. . .
, , ,

w h eth e r i mages or c oi n s e tc c arrie d ab out t h em ; an d se c u re d , .

,

fro m d etecti o n by t hei r sm a ll n ess a n d readi ness of c onceal m en t .

’
T h i s fi gure h as t h e b ul l s or c ow s h orn s an d ears on i t s h ea d
’
.

N o 2 0 has only t he ears o f a b u l l or c ow ; but h as on i ts h ead

.

a garl an d of v i n e l eaves an d grapes w h e re by it is al l i e d t o B acch u s ;

-
,

w it h two ap pl es on t h e fro nt of t h e h ea d w here by i t is al l i e d t o ,

1 Ca l m e t, v ol . ii p.
, .
3 75 .
2 l bi d p
.
, .
3 74 .
1 782 H I STO RY OF FR E E M ASO N RY

I n all t h e d i ff eren t n ati o ns , wh ere th e c h eru bi c form s were em

pl oyed t h ey were c om p oun d an i m al s T h e vari ous aut h ors on t h i s

, .

su b j ect h ave em pl oye d m any arti cl es M r P ark h u rst i n h i s D ic . .

,

ti o n a r y u ses n o l ess t h an s i x ty ; an d M C al m e t h as m an y pages

, .

an d n u m erous i ll ustrati on s so m e of wh i c h we w i ll u se I n t h ese

, .

a rti cl es C al m e t p roceeds by gi vi ng a descri pt i on of t h e vari ous

parts sep arately enteri ng i nt o t h e c om pou n d an i m al
, .

I H e fi rst t ak es t h e C heru b i m descri b ed i n t h e B i b l e of t h ei r

.
,

b ea ds or cou n te n a n ces E ach C h eru b h as fou r : I st t h at of a m an

.
,

2 d t h at of a l i on ; 3 d t h at of an ox ; 4th t h at of an eagl e
, , In , .

wh at m an n er were th ey p l aced ? Were t h ey fou r heads attac h e d

t o fou r n eck s ri sing fro m t h e trun k of t h e b ody ; or four faces at
tac h e d t o on e h ead ? H e t h i n ks t h ey were fou r faces attach ed to
on e h ead .

I I O f t h ei r bod i es i e from t h e n eck downward

.
, . .
, T h i s was .

“ ”
h u m a n ; t h e l i ken ess of a m an wh i c h ex ten ded bel ow t h e n avel,

an d to t h e l ower r i m of t h e stom ac h .

I I I O f t h ei r w i ng s
. E z ek i el descri bes th e m as h avi ng f ou r
.

wi ngs ; I sai ah d escri bes t h e S erap h as h av i ng s i x wi ngs v i z t wo , .

on t h e h ead two on t h e sh oul ders an d t wo on th e flan k s

, ,
'

I V O f t h ei r a r m s
. T h e tran slat ion s say lza n ds b ut c ertai n ly
.
,

i m ply arm s at l engt h t hei r n u m b er w as f ou r on e On eac h si d e , .

V T h e l ow e r p a r t
. I t m u st h ave b een r st ei th er h u man t h igh s
.
, ,

l egs an d feet t o wh ic h was app en ded at t h e posteri ors t h e b ody an d

,

h i n d l egs of an ox ; or rath er 2 d t h e b o d y an d four l egs of an ox

, , , ,

ou t of wh i c h t h e h u m an part seem ed t o ri se so t h at al l b el ow t h e ,

ri m of t h e b el ly w as i n t h e for m of an ox an d al l a b ove t hat was ,

h u m an .

V I T h e i r s er v i ces ; or w h at th ey ap p eared to do
.
,
T h e v i si on .

seen by E z ek i el a n d also by I sai ah w as t h e rese m bl ance of a m ov

, ,

abl e t h ron e or ch ari ot of p rod igi ous d i m en si ons on w h i c h t h e sov

, ,

er e ig n was s u
p p os e d to si t ; t h at t h e w h eels were an n ex ed to i t i n
m u c h t h e sam e m an n er as t o t h e royal travel i ng or m il i tary t h ron es
of th e P ersian K i ngs ; an d t hat th e fou r C h eru b i m s occup i e d t h e
p l aces of fou r h orses t o draw th i s capa c i ous m ac h i n e .

D id our l i m it s p erm i t we c oul d e xte n d t hi s ex am i nati on i n to th e

,

subj ect of t h e C h erub i m w it h great p rofi t but ou r obj ect wi l l h ave

b een obtai n ed i f we c an succeed i n sh owi ng h ow al m ost u n i versal
was t h e i dea of com p ou n di ng di ff eren t an i mal s i n to on e for t h e p ur
 L EG E N D S AND S Y M B O LS OF M AS O N R Y 1 783

pose of i ll u strat i ng t h e general i deas of t he d i ff ere nt attri b utes of

t h eir d ei t i es am ong al l t h e nati on s of an t iqu i ty .

W e c opy from Cal m e t s D icti on ary t h e foll owi ng descri pti on of

’

t h e C h eru b .

C H E R U B — deri ve d from t h e C h al d ee sign i fi es a s a cb i l d from ,

t h e a d verb b i a s an d r a bi a a y ou ng m a n a c h i l d ; ot h erwi se a s
, , , , ,

m u l tip ly i ng or a s com ba ti ng ; fro m r a b a b or a bu n da n ce or m u l ti

, , ,

tu d e of k n ow l edg e ; from r a b a m u l ti tu de a n d N a ca r to an ow
, , , ,

ot h erwi se in H e brew r a /za r sign i fies to g r ow g r ea t t o n ouri sh t o

, , , ,

bri ng u p ; i n S yri ac to l a bou r , .

T h i s t erm i n H ebrew i s som eti m es t ak en for a cal f or an ox .

E z ek i el i 1 0 m en ti on s t/ze f a ce of a Cb e r u b as syn on y m ous t o

.
,

flee f a ce of a n ox T h e word Cb er u b i n S yri ac an d i n C h al d ee

.

sign i fies to ti ll or plough w h ic h i s t h e work of ox en C h eru b al so

, .

signi fi es strong an d p owerful p ossessi ng t h e st rengt h of a n ox , .

G roti u s says th e C h eru bi m were figures l ik e a cal f B oc h a r t t h i n ks .

th ey were n earl y t h e figure of an ox S o does S p en cer J osep h u s . .

says th ey were ex t raordi n ary creatu res of a figure u nk n own t o m an

k i n d C lem en s of A l ex a n d ri a b el i eves t hat t h e E gyp ti an s i m i tated
.

t he C h eru b i m of t h e H e bre ws i n t h ei r S p h i n x es an d h ierogl yp hi cal

1
A n i mal s .

T h e de scri pti on s i n vari ous parts of S cri pt ure of t h e C h eru b i m

, ,

d iffe r bu t agree i n a figure com pose d of vari ous creat ures except
,

i n t he fi rst descri pti on i n E x odus T h e oth ers an ox a l i on a .

, ,

m an an d an eagl e as i n E z ek i el i 5 a n d x 2 T h ose p l ac e d i n t h e
, , .
, . .

T em pl e by S ol om on were p rob ab ly si mi lar t o t h ese ( 1 Ki ngs vi . .

W e can rea d ily see t h at t h ose on th e O rigi nal A r k coul d n ot h ave

b een l i ke t h ose i n t h e T em pl e for t here evi d en tly w as b ut on e h ead
,
“
on eac h on e fro m t h e ex pressi on a n d t h ei r faces shal l l ook on e t o
an oth er ; t oward t he m ercy seat sh al l t he faces of t he C h erub i m be .

( E .x xxv . T h ere c oul d on ly be on e head an d face t o eac h of

th e two Ch eru b i m .

’
Cal m e t s own con cl usi on on t h is di ffi c u l t questi on i s as fol l ows ,

“
S o great ob sc uri ty h as h i th erto overw h el m ed th i s figurati ve rep
r e s e n tati on n ot wi t h stan d i ng i t has b een t h e t h em e of m an y very
,

l earne d m en t h at I can n ot fl atter mysel f wit h su cceed i ng at on ce

,

i n ex pl ai n i ng i t I t h i nk h o w ever t h at t h i s op en s a n ew w ay for
.
, ,

1
Cal m e t D i tic on a r y Ch
, eru b .
 1 7 84 H ISTORY OF F R E EM A S O N R Y

attai n i ng som e c oncepti on of i ts real form s ; an d I feel som e sat i s

fac ti on i n t h e i dea th at t h ese sy m bol s were n ot u n k n own i n ki ng
dom s a n d c o u ntri es i n d epen d en t of J u d ea .

T h e C h eru b i c or c om p o u n d form was co m m on to m ost of th e

n ati on s of t h e O ri en t I n E gyp t t h e S p hyn x a n d oth er ex am pl es
.
,

are ex tan t at t h e presen t d ay ; i n A ssyri a al l t he T em pl es h a d ,

su c h c om p ou n d figures at t hei r en tra nces an d we S h ow so m e of ,

t hese i n figu res 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4

, , , .

I n regard t o th ese C h eru bi c form s t h ere were two e xtrem e ,

op i n ion s I s t T hat i t pl eased G o d to c om pose t h e J ewi sh rel igi ous

.

ri tes c ere m on i es an d sym b ol s of m at eri al s as u n l i ke as p ossi b l e to

, , ,

t h ose of t h e c ou ntri es arou n d t h e m espec i al ly of E gyp t i n or d er to

, ,

establ ish a t otal d i ssi m i lari ty an d t o e xcl u de i d olatry 2 d T hat a

, . .

cl ose resem blanc e especi al ly to E gypt i an ma n ners was esta b l i she d

, , ,

i n or d er to a c com modate t h e servi c es t o t he tem per a n d h ab its of a

peopl e wh o h ad b ee n u se d to su c h i n E gyp t T h is was t h e hy pot h .

esi s of t h e l earne d S pen cer T h e t ru th I app reh en d l i es betwee n

.
, ,

t h ese op i n i on s .

T h e J ews con si dere d t h e C h erub i m as of t h e ut m ost i m portan ce

u n d er t h e Levi ti cal priest h ood yet t h ey h ave l os t t h ei r t rue r e p r e
s e n tation . I f t h e fl am e place d to keep th e w ay t o th e t ree of l ife
was a C h eru b t h e n t h i s e m b l e m i s ex tre mely anci en t M r P ark
,
. .

h u rst fi n d s rese m bl an ce t o t h i s sy m bol i n t h e W est I n di e s ; i n t h e

T e m pl e of E l ep hanta i n t h e E ast I n d i es i n D i an a ; i n P roserp i n e
,

i n R h ad ig u s t an an c ie nt G erm an i d ol ; i n M i t hras a P ersi an

, ,

D ei ty i n t he gryp h on or g r i ffi o n of C och i n C h i n a ; i n Y a h u th an a
, ,
-

N asr A rab i an i dol s rese m bl i ng a l i o n an d an eagl e ; an d i n many

,

ot h er pa rts of t h e worl d T h e O pi n i on of t h i s wri ter seem s t o be

.

su ffi c i en tly establ i s h e d t o warra n t th e i nference t hat t hi s em b l em ,

was n ot b orrowe d by t h e J ewi sh ri tual from E gyp t only bu t was ,

” 1
k n own am ong m any ot h er nati on s i n i ts pri n ci pl e at l east .

W he n w e re fl e c t t hat at t he ve ry earl i est ages wh e n rel igi ous ,

ri tes were n ew a m ong all t h e n ati on s of th e eart h i t d oes seem pro b ,

abl e t hat t h ey al l d erive d t h ei r i d eas from one origi n al sto c k a n d

i n ti m e t h e v ari et ies of man ners a n d c usto ms a n d al so fol l owi ng ,

t h ese t h e m et h ods of worsh i ppi ng t h eir go d s with t h e sam e c entral

,

a nd general i deas ; th e v ariat i on s were l ik e b ran c hes of a n origi nal

1
Ca l m e t .
 FI G . y i W i g d M h d d Li
2 1 .
— A ss r an n e an - ea e on .

m
Fro a d oor w a y i n th e p a l c f ss s l K
a e o A ss u r -n a d s c d C l h (N i d )
i r -p a i ng of A y ri a 8 85 i at m ru
s h M s m cc d sc t Es h dd
ov e r e

c l ss l fi s hi ch
, a a .

n ow in th e B r i ti u eu A or i ng to an in r ip i on of on, th e w
l c st d c t ct d
o o

l ss d th s f
ar- a a gu re
d d s
.

fl an k e th e oor w ay l
o f th e r oy a m pa a e u r ne b a k th e e ne an d a nd b th e pa o
th m pro
y e e e e

th e s
ki ng w h o se t e u p.

FI G . 22 — . A s s v r i a n \Vi n g e d M a n -
h ead e d B u ll .

Tak e n f m
ro th e s m l c lt
a e o a i y .
FI G 5 2 —T h e E gyp ti
h th S an ib f
God , Tt h G d o F G 6 — A
cr I di
e o e o s I 2 n n an

W i f th P l th d d q ipp d i m i l l y
. .
, . . .

a r r or o t D y e r ese n a c o e th f an g i g e u e s ar to e or e o n
—O i i J d g
,

A y i ss fig r anF G 7 u res . I f h D
. 2 . d h s r s,i g i h i igh t h d
u e o t e ea , av n n s r an

th C xAe th
ru ym b l f
- n s a ta , l lif
e s d i oth l f h d
o e te r n a d h i g
e, an n e e t an a ro av n
on it p th h d f h H p
s to e ea th oy m b l f p i ty
t e o oo e , e s o o ur

T hi s sml
IS i i
h s h h t h
a r to t h e r o d o r
ld f h d dpe ar
s c h
i n th e
h
ri g
s l s f t
an h f
of m
h ch t h
c
Fi g
f ss
2

t 6,th a v ing a n eag e

'
ea er or i ng a ro wi th e

c c c c
'

r od I h e w arr i o r hm th e al d of a b u fi al o, w i ] we a r

in
H
m s
ls .

has a
e
ber
d l
o ar o u n
S ou
h is
2 4. a n d
s
ne l s
k t
a v e on

a ne t hk a l ft
or e
e of h d
ea
b e ar ’
s m f m b
aw
p
y
an d
an or n
ee . In hi s e an th e
ey
a e
req u e n
or ot a g as
.

nu 2 3, 2 8 .
 LE G E N D S AND S Y M B O LS OF M A SON R Y 1 7 87

st ock T h e fact t hat i n th e vast n u m b er of c h erub ic for ms foun d

.
,

i n any part of t h e origi n al h eath e n an d i d olatrous worl d th e co m ,

.

mo n sy m b ol s h av e a great l i ken ess to t h ose sym bol s use d by th e

J ewish peop l e a nd descri be d i n th e J ewi sh sa c re d b ook s .

F 1G . 28 .
— A s s u r -n a s i
p al , K n
r- i g of A ss yir a (B . C . 88 5 an d w i g
n ed a tte n d a n ts per
for m i g
n a c e r e m on yb
e fo r e a sacr e d tr e e . A b ov e i s th e em bl em of th e g od A s s u r ,
wh o wa s th e A r i an G od O r m u d z .

Fr o m h as -r e ie lf on th e w al ls of lc
th e p a a e of A ss si d s c d C l h (
r -p a l , i at N i m r fi d) , n o w i n th e Bri i t sh M
sl t d i E l s h s G h ch
a u r -n a ov e r e a a u

s m
eu I n th e m i ddl e is th e f m s sh
a ou A tr a n i v er i on r ov e an d G r ov e , s "
w i w er e
t s h d w
. er a a e n ng

not gr ow in g r ee b u t w er e as er e ra n.

Tb a Cr oss .

W h e n the Cross becam e a sym b ol i s l ost i n t h e re m otest ant i q

uity an d t h ere i s n o m ent i on of i t h i st orical ly at any peri od or t o
, , , ,

t h e cou n try or th e pe 0 p 1e wh o were th e fi rst t o m ak e use of it as a

,

sym bol n everth el ess i t i s fou n d at a v ery early peri o d by wh i c h, ,

c ertai n for m s h ave been recogn i z e d by c ertai n n am es h av ing speci fic

m ean i ngs .

T h ere are pri nc i pal form s of t h e cross wh i c h are used as sy m

b ol s a n d oth ers frequ en tly em ployed i n orn am en tati on h avi ng n o
,

s p ecial sign i fi c at i on T h ere are a great m any form s of t he cross

. .

A m ong t h ese w e cal l attent ion to F E whi c h i s th e usual form of t h e

S wastik a or S vasti ka a symb ol wh ic h has recen tly ex c i te d very
, , .

m uc h att en ti on am o ng arch aeologi sts I n 1 8 94 t h e S m i t h son ian .

,

p u b l i cati on contai n e d a very l engt hy paper of 2 2 1 pages gi v i ng t he ,

m ost com plete h i story wi t h ful l i l l ustrati on s an d ex am pl es of t h is

1 788 H I STOR Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

sy m b ol by P rofessor T h om as Wi l son , Cu r a tor D e p ar tm e n t o

f Pr e

fz zs zor z c A
' '

u f/ o/o U S N
'

says / M
’ ‘
p gy zr o u s eu m H e :
“
Th e , . . a z z on a .

swasti c a has bee n call ed by d i ffere n t n am es i n d i ff e ren t c oun

t ri es t h ough n early al l cou n tri es have i n later years accep ted t h e
,

an ci en t S an skri t n am e of S wasti k a an d t h i s n am e is reco m m en d ed

as t h e m ost de fin i te an d certai n bei ng n ow t h e m ost general a n d , ,

i n d eed al most u n i versal I t was form erly sp el le d s v a s t i c a a n d

, .
- - - - - - -

s u a s t i k a b ut t h e later spel l i ng
- - - - - - -
bot h E ngl i sh a n d F renc h is
, , ,

s w a s t i k a
- - -
T h e d e fi n it i on an d etym ol ogy of t h e wor d i s t hus
- - - -
.

’
gi ve n i n L ittr é s Fre n c h D i c ti on ary

Sva s t i c a , or S wa s t ik a, a m y ti fi g
s c u r e u s ed by s ev e r a l ( E a s t) In di a n s e c ts .
’

I t wa s e q ua lly we ll k n o wn to t h e B r a hm a ns as to th e B u d d hi s ts . M os t o f th e

r oc ki nscr i p ti i n thons e B udd hi s t c av er ns i n th e W e s t of I nd i a ar e p r e ce d ed or

f o l l ow e d b y t h h ol y ( e s a or a m m to/l o ) s ig n of th e S was t ik a .
(E u g e ne B u r n o u f, Le
Lows do [a bon ne l oz
’

; Par i s, 1 85 2 , p . I t wa s s e e n on t h e v a s e s a n d p ott y er

of h od (Cy p ) d E t i
R es r us an r ur a.

E t y m o l o gy A S n k i t w o d i g n i f yi n g h p p i n
: a s r r s a e s s, pl r g o od l u c k
e as u e, . It
i c om p o d of S ( q i l t of G k g ood ‘
a sh , b e i n g g ood
’
s se u e u va en ree ,
a nd , be »

i n g w i t h th ffi x é ( G k « L ti
’

, e su a r ee a
,
a n

I n the R p
ev u e
(I V .
, 1 885 , . M r . D u m ou ~

ti on gi ves t h e fol lowi ng analysi s o f t h e S an skri t s w a sz z é a

'
‘

i l s i g i fy i g g d w l l
S u , ra d ca , n n oo , e ,
ex cel l en t, o r s u w da s ,
'

p r os p r i ty
e .

“
A m t hi d p o
“

,
i g l i di r ers n, s n u ar, n ca t v e i p r e se n t of t h e v e r b as
, to b e, w h i ch
is su m i L ti n n a .

“
K ffi x fo m i g th
a, su b t ti r n e su s an v e.

T h e C en tury D i c t i on ary says , of good

fortu ne .
”
S vas ti (s u wel l a s tz , b ei ng ,
) , ,
’

Wel fare] . S am e as
fyl fot .

Co m pare c r u x a u s a ta an d g a m m a d ion fi l

I n [1503 ( p M a x M ul l er says .

Et h o l o gi l l y
n ca , s
va s t ik a is d e r i ved fr om s oa r h
’

and s oa m fr o m
'

su , we l l ,
’

a n d as, to b e .
’
S va s tz
’

oc c u r s fr e q ue nt ly i n th e V e d a, b th o a s a n ou n in a sens e

of h p pi
a ne s s, and as a n ad ver bi n th e s e n s e o f we l l or
‘
h il a It c or r e s po nds

to t h e Gree k fi e ea m . T h e de r i v a t on i w a r d -l n is of l ate r d a te , a n d i t a l wa y s
m eans an au s pi i c ou s s ig n, s u c h as ar e f o u n d m os t f r e q uent ly a m on g Budd hi s ts

J a i nas
”
and .

1
Sm i th s on a n i Re p or t, 1 8 94 , p .
76 9 .
 1 7 90 H I STO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

Com m e nti ng up o n t he t h eori es of t h e v ari ou s w riters q u oted ,

P rofessor W il son says

“
I n form i ng t h e foregoi ng t heories t heir aut h ors h ave b ee n
l argely c o ntrol led by th e al l eged fac t of t h e sub sti t uti o n a n d p e r m u
ta tio n of t h e S wast i k a sign o n vari ous o bj ects wi t h rec ogn i z e d sy m
b ols of t hese di ff ere nt de i ti es T h e c l ai m s of t h ese t h eori sts are .

somew hat c l ou d e d i n obsc uri ty a n d l ost i n t he an ti q u ity of t h e su b

j ec t W h at seem s t o h ave b een at al l t i mes an att ri but e of t h e
.

S wasti ka i s i ts c h aracter as a c harm or am ulet as a sign of b e n ed i c ,

ti on b lessi ng l ong l i fe good fortu n e goo d l uck T h i s c h ara c ter

, , , , .

h as c on t i n ued i n to m odern t i m es an d w h i l e th e S wasti ka i s recog ,

~

n iz e d as a h oly an d sacre d sym b ol by at l east on e B u d d h i sti c r e

l ig i ou s sect i t i s sti l l used by t h e c om m on peopl e of I n d ia

, ,
’

C h i n a an d J ap an as a sign of l ong l i fe good wish es an d goo d

, , ,
”
fortu n e .

W hatever else t h e S ign S wast i ka m ay h ave stoo d for an d h ow ,

ever m any m ean i ngs i t m ay h ave h ad i t w as al ways ornam ental , .

I t m ay h ave b een used wit h any or al l of t h e above sig n ifi c ati on s ,

b u t i t was al ways orn am en tal as wel l .

D r S c h l i em an n fou n d m any sp ec i m en s of S wa sti k a i n h i s e x

.

c av a ti o n at th e si te of an ci ent T roy o n th e h i l l of H i ssarl i k T h ey .

were m ostly o n sp i n dl e wh orl s H e ap p eal ed t o P rofessor .

M a x M ull er for an ex planat ion wh o i n reply wrote an elab orate , , ,

descri pti on wh i ch D r S c h l i e m an n p ub l ish ed i n [Zi on

, .

H e c o m m ences wi t h a p ro test agai n st t h e wor d S wastik a b ei ng

ap pl ie d ge neral ly t o t h e sign S wasti ka beca use i t m ay prej u dic e t h e ,

rea d er or t h e p ubl ic i n fav or of i ts I n di an origi n H e says .

I do l ik e th e u s e of th e wor d i d e of I n d i a I t is wor d of
'

n ot S va stzka o u ts . a

I nd i an or i gi n a nd h a s i ts hi s tor y and d e fi n te m e a i n i n g i n I nd i a . T he
h c o e i n d i ffe e t p ts o f th e wo l d m y o m y n ot p o i t
oc c u r r e n c e of s u c r ss s r n ar r a r a n

c om m on o i gi n b t i f t h e y on c e c l l e d S o m l th e lg p f m
'

to a r
,
u ar e a a ea vu ar r o a nu

wi l l t o a j m p t o t h e c o c l i o t h t t h e y l l c om e f r o m I d i
nce u n us d i t wi l l
n a a n a, a n

t k s om e t i m t o we e d o t
a e e ch p j dic u su re u e .

“
V y l i ttl i k ow n o f I n d i n t b fo e th t h i d c e t r y n o th e p r i od
er e s n a ar e r e r n u , e

w h e n t h e B dd h i t u i g s b g th e i p b l i b i l d i n g
s s ov e r e n e an r u c u s .

T he m S nas ti k h o we
e cva b t c d (i n I d i )
a, l i t tl e f t h e b k
ver , an e ra e n a a ar r ac .

I t oc th
c u r s as m of p ti l s i g i th ol d g m m r of P ana i b o t
e na e a ar c u ar n n e ra a n , a u

t
a c e n ur y lie C t i n c om p o
ear r . d m er ti o
a d th i n w h i h th e l t
un s ar e en ne er e c as

wo d i k
r s a r na ,O e of thea r i g fo m k i g ttl w th e S s ti k a nd
.
’
n e s ns r ar n ca e as va ,
a

wh t P i
a i t h e i n h is g a m m r is t h t wh t h o m p o n d i f o m d
na n eac s r a a en e c u s r e ,
 LE G E N D S AND S Y M B O LS OF M A S ON R Y 1 7 91

w a s l zf m-lza r na , i
’

. a ,
. h i g
av n th e e a r m a r k d wi t h i g n of S vas t ik th e fi a l
e a s a a, n a

of S vas t ik a is n o t to be l e n g th e ne d , wh i l i t i l
e g t h e d i ot h r c o m p o n d s
s en ne n e u ,

s uc h as da tm f mr n a , i - . e , . h i gav n th e e ar m k d wi t h th e i g n of i c k l
ar e s a s e .
"

I t ( th e S wasti ka) occ urs ofte n at t h e begi n n i ng of B ud d h i st

i ns c ri p ti ons on B u d d h ist coi ns an d i n B u d d h i st m an uscri pts H is
, , .

t or ic a lly th e S vasti ka i s first atteste d on a c oi n of Kr a n a n d a su p

, ,

posi ng Kr a n an da t o be t h e sam e k i ng as X an d r a m e s t he predecessor ,

of S a n d r oky p tos w h ose reign cam e t o an e n d i n 3 1 5 B C ( S ee

, . .

T h omas o n t he i d en ti ty of X a n d r a m e s a n d K r ana n d a ) T h e paleo .

grap h i c evi dence h owever seem s rath er agai n st so early a date

, , .

I n th e foot pri n ts of B u d d h a t h e B ud d h ists recogn i z e n o l ess

“ -

t han six ty fi v e au sp ici ous sign s t h e first of t h e m b ei ng t h e S va s ti ka

-
, ,

t h e fourt h i s t h e S u a va s tz é u or th at wi t h th e arm s t urn ed t o t h e

’

l eft ; t h e t h ird t h e N u u ay d ou r m i s a m e re devel op me n t o f t h e

,
’
,

S ou s /M a A m ong t h e J ai n as t h e S va s ti ka wa s t h e sig n of t hei r

.

S even t h J i na S u p ar s v a , .

I n th e l a te r S a ns k it l it
r e r a tu e , r ik a e t i ns
S va s t r a th e m e a n n g of an i au

s p ic io u s m ar k ; t h us we see in th e R am ay n th at a a, B h a r a ta l
s e e c ts a s hi p
m ar k ed wt i h
i g n o f th e S th e s i n th B i h a t m h i té va s t ik V a p m ih i
. ar a a ra e r -s a
‘
.

m ti o
en e t i n b i l d i n g s c a l l e d S a a tika
ns c r a u d N ndy a t b t t h e i r o u t l i ne v s an a va r a, u

do n ot c o r
es p o d r y e x c tl y wi th th fo m of th e s i g n S om e S th pas
r es n ve a e r . u ,

h ow ever,
a e i d to h e b e b i l t on th p l n of th S s ti k
r sa av en u e a e va a .

O igir l l y S s t ik m y h a v e b ee n i nte d e d fo o m o t h n t wo l i ne s c r os s
na , va a a n r n re a

i g
n c h oth e
ea o c os s Th r, we fi d i t u s e d i
r a l ate t i m e s r e fe r i n g to a
r . us n n r r

wo m n c o a i ng he b ver t wi t h c oss ed a m S / t w t k t m a n d l i k e
r r e as r r s, oa zas a as z a -s a
’ ’

wi e w i t h r e f r e n c to p e r s on s s i tt i n g c r os s l e gg e d
” I
s e e -
.

M ax M ul l er cont i nu es

Qu i te a n ot he q r
FE h
u es t on i
ou l d h a v e a n a s i c i ou s
p i s , wh y th e s g n i s u

m i g d wh y i n S
ea n n ,a
n i h h b c ll d S s t ik a T h e s i m i
ansc r t i t s ou l d av e ee n a e va .

l i t y b tw n t h e g o p o f l tte
ar e ee i n t h e a n c i e n t I n d i n l p h b e t n d th e
r u e rs a a a ,a
si g o f S tik is ot e y t ik i n g d m s p re l y
n vas a n v i d nt l
r s r , an see u ac c e a .

A “
m k o f y o s [S c h l i m a ]( T y p 3 8) t h t th e S a ti k a r ese m b l es
re ar ur e nn ro , . a v s

a wh l i n m o t i o n t h d i t i o n o f t h e m ot i o n b i g i d i c t d b y t h e c a m p o s
ee , e r ec e n n a e r n ,

co t i sn a n e f l hi n t w h i c h h s b
a us u n c on fi m d b y s om e i m p o r t n t o b e
, a ee r e a s r va

ti o of M
ns T h om t h e d i ti g i h d O i n t l n m i s m a t i s t w h o h as c l l e d a t
r . as , s n u s e r e a u , a

t n t i o t o th e f c t t h t i n t h e l o g l i t o f t h
e n a og n i
a d de i c of th tw n t y n s e r ec ze v es e e

fo J i n a T i th a k
ur a th e i
r b n t b ut th t wh i l th e e i gh th T i th n k
n a r as sun s a se , a e r a ar a

h as th e i g n of th e h l f m oo th se v e n t h T i t h n k a is m k e d wi th th e
s a - n, e r a ar ar

1
Sm t ih s on a n i Re p or t , 1 8 94, p .
772 .
1 7 93 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

S va s t ik a, i . e
.
, th e s u n . H er e, h
t e n, we h a v e c ea r l i din c a t on s i t h at th e Svast ik a,

w i th th e h a nds p oi n t i g
i gh t d i c t i o w o i gi l l y
n i n th e y m b ol o f t h
r re n, as r na a s e

s u n, p h p f the er a l s o o pp d t th ve r na t m l S
sun as tb d os e o e au u na s un, u a va s z
'

a , an ,

th fo
ere t l y m b ol f l i gh t l i f h l t h
r e, a n a u ra s d w l th o , e, ea ,an ea .

B t w hi l f o m t h
u , i d i t i o w e j ti fi d i
e r es e p po i g th t m o g
n ca ns e ar us e n su s n a a n

th A y e r ti o th S
an na t ik m y h ns e b e n ol d m b l m o f th
vas a th e a av een a e e e su n, er ar e

o th i d i ti o to h ow t h t i o th p t o f t h wor l d t h e m o
er n ca ns s a imil r
n er ar s e sa e r a s a

e m bl m w e d to i d i
as use t th th M B l n ca e h h ow n e ea r . r . ea as s

t h t tha im pl e s o i g fo
e th i t i n i d og r p h i c g o p
cc u r s as a s It n r ear n c er a e a r u s .

w as p ob b l y i t d d to i d i c t t h e fo q t — n or th o t h
r a n en e n t w
a e t ur uar er s , s u , e as , es

o r it m y b
,
m a e ge l l y x t i o in l n g th d b d t h
e, or nera , e ens n e an r ea .

T h t th
“
a i d e i g fo f o i t h B t o P l i i r i p ti o n s
c r os s s u se as a s n r
‘
ur n e ac r - a nsc

(M M ul l er C/ jo f om
ax G m , W k f p V ol I I p 98 ) i w l l k ow ; b t
z/ s r a er an or s zo , . .
, . 2 s e n n u

t h e f c t th t th e
a m i g n h t h m e p ow
a sa l wh r
e s fo i t
as in e sa er e se e e , a s, r n s a n ce,

th H i e ati c
e m e ls do
r ot p o
nu b y y m n t h t th o fi g e w d e
ra ,
es n r ve an ea s a e ne ur as

r i d fr om th o t h
ve W f or g t too e i l y t h t w h t wa p o i b l i o p l c e
er . e e eas a a s ss e n ne a

w as p o i b l e l o i th e o t h e p l
ss a s s n d t h e m or e w
n ex t d o
r r h
ac e a e en ur e s ea r c e s,

th e m o e w e s h l l l e n t h t t h
r c h ap t r of
a c c i d n ts i
ar l g e t h n we i m
a e e a e s ar r a

a gi n
”
e .

I n t h e S m i t h son i an R ep ort (A n n ual ) for 1 8 97 w e fi n d an a r t i cl e

“ "
by M arqu i s D e N adai ll ac on t h e U n i ty of t h e H um an S p ec i e s ,

w h o i n c on cl u di ng on e p art of t h e su b j ect says

2
, ,

T h e accu m ul ate d proof ren d ers i t i n contestabl e t h at th e fu n eral

rite of cl ean i ng t he b on es an d c ol ori ng t h em re d was p racti se d i n
d i fferen t c oun tri es wi dely separat ed by sea or desert T h u cy di d es .

says t h e hi sto ry of a p eopl e i s to b e sough t i n t h ei r t om b s I n t he .

cases ci ted t h e tom b h as resp on de d an d h as t h rown a cl ear l igh t o n

,

t h e earl iest origi n of t h e ri t e an d at t h e sam e ti m e o n th e c o m m on ,

origi n of m an A q uesti on ari si ng from t h ese facts i s wh eth er t h e y

.
,

relate to rel igi ou s or fu n eral ri tes B u t t h i s i s com parat i vely of sm al l .

i m p ortan ce I t was surely a cu st om of t h e u nk n own an cestors of

.

th ese p eopl es transm i tte d fro m gen erati on to gen erat ion T h e se
, .

fact s do n ot al low u s t o say th at p ri m i ti ve l i fe was everywh ere t h e

sam e n or t h at i f th e prod uct ion s of m en are every wh ere t he sam e
, ,

t h ey are always to sat isfy th e sam e n eed s I n t he strange rite t h at .

we h ave recoun ted a rite w h i c h h as req u ire d m u ch t h ought an d m ul ,

ti p l ie d care s an d wh i c h on e ca n bel i eve w a s strange to barb arous

an d n om a d ic ra c es i t i s n ot a questi on of si m i l ar n eeds growi ng o ut
,

of si m i lar creati on s I n order to fi n d a sol uti on i t i s n ecessary tc .

1
Sm t ih s on a n i Re p or t , 1 8 4 ,
9 p .
773 .
3 I bi d .
, 1 8 98 , pp .
5 63 to 569 .
 LE G E N D S A ND S Y M B O LS O F M A S ON R Y 1 7 93

seek h igher an d fart her ; i t i s th e i d entity of t h e gen i u s of m an i n

al l ti m es an d i n al l regi on s th at shoul d be i n quire d of a n d i t i s o n l v ,

1
th ere t hat i t can be fou n d .

T h e m ysteri ous S wasti ka sign born i n u nd efin e d regi on s an d

rap i d l y ex ten d e d over t he en ti re worl d goes to su p p ort t h is hyp ot h ,

esi s W e wi ll seek t h e lessons i t teach es .

Fo r a l ong t i m e t h e S wasti k a ( t h e croi x g a m m e e a G reek cross , ,

wi t h arm s ben t to t h e righ t at righ t angles) h as b een regarded as an

A ryan sign even t h e A rya n sign par e xcel le nce
, From t h i s or fro m .
,

its apparen t pla c e of origi n th e n am e I n di an ( E ast I n di an ) has been ,

gi ven i t ; a n am e d i ffic ul t at p resen t t o m ai n tai n because of t he d ai ly

d iscov eri es of i ts d i ff usi on or sp read am ong ab sol ute strangers t o t he
2
A ryan race .

I t ap pears fro m t h e research es m a d e d u ri ng lat e years t hat t he

origi n even of t h e S wasti ka sign appears to b e c on tested T h us we .

’
3
rea d i n t h e w ork of C oun t G ob l et d A l vi e ll a on e of th ose wh o h as ,

best stu die d t h e q u est i on

T h e croi x g a m m e e ( S wast ika ) ap pears from pre h i stori c ti m es
‘

among t h e p eopl es origi n ati ng i n t he val l ey of th e D an u be w h o have ,

respect i vely c ol on i z e d t h e T road an d t h e n ort h of I taly I t ex ten ds .

wi t h t he products of t h i s ant i que c ult ure on on e si d e am ong t h e , ,

G reek s E trus c an s L ati n s G aul s G erm ans B riti sh an d S c an d i n a

, , , , , ,

v i ans o n t he ot her si de t o A si a M i n or P ersi a t h e I nd i es an d to , , , ,

’

C h i n a an d J apan .

‘
S uc h i s also t h e opi n i on of M S al om on R ei nac h A cc ordi ng . .

to h i m th e sign of t h e S wastika al rea d y rep resen ted i n t h e c ity of

H i ssarl ik p ri or accor d i ng to al l probabi l i ti es t o t h e th i rteen t h ce n
, , ,

1
J . M c G uir e , Cl a ss ifi i
c a t on a n d p
D e v e l o m e n t of P r m t i ii ve Im pl e m e n ts . A m er A n .

th r op .
, J ly
u , 1 8 96 .

2
Th e l i te r a tu r e u p on th e S wa s t ik a has i n c r e as e d in l a te y ea r s unt il i t h as b e c om e a

l ib r ar y . In 1 8 89 C ou n t Go bl t d A l
e y l A d my
’
v ie l l a m ade a c om m i
u n c a t on to th e i Ro a ca e

l gi
ti l d S w ti k ix g m m
i b l g d dp b ”
o fB me u L en t e It h
a cro a e e , or as a . as s nce een en ar e an u

Ii h d
s e d th un i
t t l er L e d S y
e m b l ”
P i a m ig ti
89 A E gl i h t
ra l ti
on es o es , ar s,1 1 . n n s r a ns a on

a pp d wi th i t d
ea r e an t by S i G B i d w
n ro uc d tiAm
on a ng d t p bli ti no e r . r oo . on r ec e n u ca on s

w th
er e f M i h l Zm i g d k i
os e o c Z aeG hi h t d S w tik B wi k 89 d
ro z , ur esc c e er a a,
”
r uns c , 1 0 , an

Th m o Wi l as T h S w ti k
s on , W hi g t 896 E m i t
e as t i a,
"
ll t i as n on , 1 . n en savan s n a c ou n r e s

h b a ve pi d w i th th q ti f i t igi d ig i fi ti b t i t pp
e e n oc c u e e u es on o s or n an s n ca on , u a e a r s ,n e v e r

th l th t i t i
e es s , t y
a ti ly l
s no d f D B i t
et en w it It i
re yt d i t
c e ar e , or r . r n on r es : s e as o r ea n o

b b i
ar t h
ar c scr a c h th gh t f l t ti m
es t e d w m out k wl d g th t m thi g
s o a er es , an e us ac no e e a so e n

th fig it lf i d d t p ym b l i "
m or e th an e ure it se s n ee e o r ov e s s o c se nse .

L m ig ti S ym b l xM d ”
3 a d ra on R d
es d M y
o es 8 89 . ev u e es eu on es , a 12, 1 .

L mi g
”
L A th p l gi 8 95 '
ei t lra e or e n a . n ro o o e, 1 .

u ;
1 7 94 H I S T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

tu ry B C d id n ot pen et rat e t h e I n di es u nti l after t h at p eri od 1 H e

.
.

c on ti nues t hat on e d oes n ot fi n d t h e sym bol i n E gyp t 2 n or i n

,

P h oe n ici a n or A ssyri a ; w h i le o n t h e oth er h an d i t is freq uen t i n

, , ,

n ort h ern I taly i n t h e val ley of t h e D an u b e i n T h race i n G ree c e

, , , .

an d on t h e western s h ores of A si a M i n or T h en ce c om es h i s c on .

e l usi on s th at we sh oul d seek i n E urop e for i ts origi n 3 .

I do n ot preten d t o c on t radi c t t h i s bu t t h e first d i sco v ery of ,

t h e S wast ik a on t h e hi l l of H i ssarl ik d eterm i n es t h at t h i s was n ot i ts

pl ace of origi n W h en ca me t h i s mysteri ous sign wh i c h we see at
.

T roy P T o w hat ri te d oes i t bel ong ? W h ere di d i t origi n ate

T h ese are qu esti on s w e woul d l i k e t o h ave an swered I n t h e p res .

en t state of o ur k n owl e dge t h e qu est i on i s i nsol u bl e O n e p oi n t , .

ex c i tes my i n terest t h at i s t h e l ong p ersi st en c e of t h e S wasti ka an d

,

i ts rap i d d i ff usi on t h rough ou t su c h d i ff eren t regi ons I see i n t h i s .

an i m p ort ant argu m en t i n favor of t h e u n i ty of t h e hu m a n s pec i es .

T h i s argumen t sh oul d b e furt h er p rese n te d a n d su c h facts p rodu ced

as j u sti fy i t .

A n i nfant t h e c h i l d of a savage m igh t am use h i msel f by t rac

, ,

i ng i n t h e san d or on st on e or on t h e fi rst obj ect t hat ca m e u n d er ,

h i s h an d squares an d c i rc l es an d c rosses an d l i n es maki ng al l i m ag

, , ,

i nab l e angle s wi t h p rogress t h e c h i l d can rep roduce t h e i m ages of

h i s m i n d t h e scen es t h at stri k e h i m m ost eve n to b i z arre figures
, ,

wh i ch are d u e on l y t o h i s i m agi n ati o n H e wi ll n ot p rodu c e a sign .

as c om pl i cated as t h e S wast ik a u nl ess h e h as i t or h as h ad i t b efore h i s

eye or u nl ess i t shal l h ave been tran sm itted t o h i m by h i s ancestors
, .

I t i s p u eri l e t o ex pl ai n i t s p resen ce i n so many a n d suc h wi d ely sep

ar a te d regi on s by t h e t h eory of t h e i dent ity of t h e psych ol ogic state

am ong h u man ra c es w h i ch h ave t h e sa m e ru d i m en tary cu l ture .

1 M . R i
e n ac h a fte r wa r d r eco g i n zed t h a t th e S wa s t ik m
a i
e n t on e d by G b l o et d A l vi el l a
’

on c e r ta n i i g n o ts of s il ver i n th e for m of d om i n oe s , s e r v n i g as m on e y , an d l
a so t h os e ih
w t
i ip ti i h
ns c r f A
on s k b l g d t th thi d
n o n or o t yBC co L A th p l g i
a, e on e o e r cen ur . .
’
n ro o o e,

18 94 p 48
, . 2 .

F l i d P t i h f d t N k ti
2
n ers e r e t i as mou nt d w i th th
a S w ti k au ra s c e r a n v a s e s or n a en e e as a

(T hi d M m i E gyp ti
r E xp l
e ti
o r F d ) b t thi p tt y pp an t
or a h b im on un , u s o er a ea rs o a ve ee n

p t d f m C i f m C yp
or e ro S t ff
a r a or m t d w i th th
ro m ig h
rus . l b di u s or n a en e e sa e s n av e a so e en s

d tP
c ov e r e p l i U pp E gyp t b t th h b
a a no o s, tt ib t d t G
er k w k m wh, u ese av e een a r u e o ree or en o

w ere m nu t C pt e r ou sighb i g i l l g w h C l m t C
a o os , a n e h tl y
or n v a e ere er on an ne a u as r ecen

di d G
s c ov e r e k i ip ti a A d d
r ee I ip ti
n scr M h 5 8 97 ( F
on . Di ca . es nscr on s ,
”
ar c , 1 or r e r ,
“
e

G b ra d T x ti l f d
er u n A hm i P e p li un e v on c n a no o s
3
A f I di y thi g i d
s or th
n b l i f th t th S w ti k w th i t d d
a , e ve r n n u ces e e e a e as a as er e n ro u ce

f m G
ro f m th C
r eec e , r o f m A i Mi e by t y t k
a u c as u s , o r w —G bl tro s a n or , r ou e s as e un no n .
”
o e

L m ig ti ym b l "
d A l i ll
’
v e a , d a p ra on es s o e ,
s . 1 07 .
 LE G E N D S AND S Y M B O LS OF M A S ON R Y 1 7 95

l
mysteri ous S wastik a figu red on th e i dol s an d sp i n d l e
T he
2
wh orl s of t h e anci e nt D ardan ia o n th e d i ade m of t h e daughters of ,

P ri am an d on t h e n u m b erl ess obj e c t s fro m t h e early ci ti es on t h e

,
3
h i l l of H i ssarl ik i n t h e sacred t e m pl es of I n d i a as o n t h e bas rel i ef
,

4
of I b r iz attri b ut ed t o t h e H i tt i tes o n Celti c fun eral u rns an d on
, , ,

t h e h u t u rn s of A l ban o or C orn eto a cu ri ous i m i tati on of t h e h ab i ,

tati o n s of t he l iv i ng wherei n t h ey h ave p i ously dep osi ted t h e ash es

‘
s
of t h e dea d .

W e see t h e S wasti ka o n t h e bal ustra des of t h e p orti cos of t he

te m pl e of A th en a at P ergam os on t h e s c ul p tu re d cei l ing of t h e ,

T reasury at O rc h om en os o n t h e v ases of M i l o an d A t h e na t h ose of , ,

6
B ol ogn a t h e an ci en t F elsi n a of t h e E truscan s of Ca e r e (C erve
, ,
~

8
tri ) Cu m es Cyp rus an d on t h e pottery gat here d at K onigswal de
7
,
9
, ,

o n t h e O der ; on a gol de n fi b ul a of th e M useu m of t h e V at ican an d ,

a C o pp er fi b ul a o f t h e R oyal M u seu m of C op en h agen .

I t i s e n c ou nt ere d i n t h e m ost an ci en t p ai n t i ngs of t h e cata

10
com b s of R o m e o n t h e tu n i c of t h e B on P aste ur an d on t h e arc h
, ,
’
b ishop s c hai r of S t A m b rose at M il an wh ere i t i s associ at ed wit h .
,

S om e t m e s th e i i k t t th l ft t whi h P f
a r m s o f th e S wa s t
M M ii ll a urn o e e , o c r o e s s or ax er

sa y h b gi th m S
s as e en ti k
ve n (M V i h d R G d hi
e na e p t th t w hi l
uavas a . r . rc an ‘
. an re or s a e

t d yi g
s u n i tS an anc en i t phi l phy i th B i ti h M ans c r m l ib y h f d th w d
os o , n e r s useu r ar , e ou n e or

S ti k i
u a v as ti
a w i th S w t i k — T W )
n c on n e c on as a . .

Th 3 mb f th
e nu bj t er t o d b t p th i es e o pi dl w h l
ec s c a s s a ly ou u on e r use as s n e or s on .

Th y h e b l igi
av e bj t
ee n r e t f t
ou s o f x m pl e c s , a s or o e x-v o o , or e a e.

S hli m Fig 8 7 3 9 d th
3 ”
c Il i e an n , os , s . 1 , 1 1 1 , an o er s .

S R i 4
h L mi g i t l
. e na c , A th p l gi
e ra 8 93
e or e n a . n ro o o e, 1 .

D 5
i C i ti e nn s , d C m t i f Et i
es an l i p 69; l
e e e r es o
p 45 7 D is r ur a,
”
vo . .
, . vo . ll , . . . e nn

reg d th ar s t
ese i t th E t
u r n s as a n e r or i i l i ti S l Ao li D ll I t
e r u s c an c v za on . ee a so n na e
’
ns .

R m o 87
an o, pp 3 9 7 9 P f 1 1, H W H y
. 2 ,2 fB t . i f pi i
r o e s s or t h t th e . . a nes ,o os on , s o o n on a es

b l g t th I A g ( N ti J
e on o e r on y 4 e P f aH il b i g
on , G i d t th e
anuar 2 , r o e s s or e , u e o

C l l ti
o ec f Cl i A ti q i t i i R m
on o a ss c l ii n p 6 7 ; P ig i i B l l ti E th
u es n o e, vo . .
, . 2 or n ,
“
u e no

l gi l t l i l xii p 6 Ch t p l H l t tti d It li
"
no o a a an a , vo N
. .
, . 2 2 t d an r e, ec r o o es a s a ennes e a e e e

l x i ii pp 3 4 ”
IA t i h
’
u r c M t i e, a er aux, vo . v .
, .
, .

G 6
di i S oz z a i A h l gi i P l t I V
n , cav rc e o o c ,
"
a e

I 7 t mb t C
n a th
o h b f d g l d fi b l w i th g d S w ti k
a aer e er e as een ou n a o en u a en r av e as a .

ti d i C Pl t VI N
"
G ffi re M , m on u en ae r e , a e .
, o . 1 .

At C m3 h b f d th ig (S w ti k ) p tt y b i d t g t d p th
u es as een ou n e s n as a on o er , ur e a r ea e ,
w hi h m c k th e t b l i h m t f p l h
ar es a t th s m t en i t p i d b
o se th th u c r es a e os anc en er o s, e ne a e

t mb
o f th H l l
s o i p h t h y i t b i g d th
e e en c e oc f th R m
, e p h Al x
n urn e n un er os e o e o an e oc . e .

B t d
er r a n A h l ti q t g l i rc . p
ce ue e au o se ,
”
.

C 9 “
l C yp e sn o a ,it A i t C i ti T m br us , d T m pl
s Pl t
nc en X LI V d es , o s an e es, a es . an

X LV I I .

R ll 1° L o C t mb d R m
er , es Pl t a ac o VI X XXX I I XXX I X LIV ,
es e o e,
"
a es .
, .
, .
, .

LX XX V I I X C I V .
, .
1 7 96 H I S TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

th e Lati n cross an d t h e m on ogra m of C h rist on t h e anci e n t sacre d

b ook s of P ersia as wel l as on t h e coi n s of A r sac id e s an d t h e S assa
,

n i d es ; on t h e m ost an ci ent C h ri stian m on u m en ts of S c otl an d a n d

I relan d ofte n accom pan i ed wi t h O ga m i nsc ri pt i ons ; on t h e S can
,
l

d i n av ia n ru n ic b ook s ; i n t h e H a l s ta ttie n sep ul c h res of S a n M ar

2
g ar e th e r or d e R o v i sc h e an d i n t he n ecropol i s of K ob an
3
, .

S ch l ie m an n fou n d i t at T i ry n s an d at M yc en ae 4
Ca r tail h ac i n
t h e c itan i as t h ose st range forti fie d towns of P ortugal so m e of wh i c h
, ,
5
N
dat e from eol it h ic t i m es ; C h an tre i n th e t o mb s i n C au casus an d 6
,

t h e R ussi an arc h ae ol ogi st s on t h e b ron z e o bj ect s fro m t h ei r c ou n t ry

i n t h e M useu m of M oscow .

T h e S wasti ka h as b een fou n d i n France i n t h e T u m u l i ,

( m oun ds) of H aguen au engraved on th e ci n ctu res of b ron z e

7
It , .

i s p erpetuate d on obj ects posteri or or strange to t h e R om an d o m i n a

ti on For ex am pl e o n th ose tak e n i n t h e Frank is h t om b s op en e d at
.
,

Col om b e ( Loi re e t Ch er ) o n a fu n eral st el e at t h e M u seu m of T ou

- -
,

’
louse on a vase at t h e M useu m of R ouen on t h e ci n ctu res G all o
, , ,
~

’
R oman or M erov i ngi an n ear L a Fere T h e S wastika al so i s fou n d , .

on a Ce l to R o m an al tar erec ted at A m bl og a nn a i n E ngl an d by a D a

-
,
10
c i a n legio n i n h on or of Zeus or J u p i ter O n t h e righ t an d l eft are .

two ci rcl es raye d after t h e fash i on of stars wh ic h G ai d oz b el ieves

, ,
11
t o be a rep rese ntat i o n of th e su n T h e L ap lan d ers st i l l e ngrave .

th e S wastik a on t h ei r d ru m s i nt en de d t o b e used i n M agic ri tes .

T h e C h i n ese decorate wi t h i t t h ei r stan dar ds i nstru me n ts of ,

”
m usi c an d t h ei r can n on
, .

“
T h e J ap an ese e m p l oy i t as a m ark o n t h ei r p ottery an d th e ,

Dr . Gr a v e s , B ih p
s o of i
L m er i k
c , P r oc e e d i g n s R oy . Ir i hA
s ca d .
"
Lu d vi g M u l l er
re po t r s th e s a m e .

2 M a te r i a u x,” 1 88 4, pp . 13 7 , 1 3 9, 466 , a n d Fig . 84 .

“I bi d .
, 1 88 8 , p .
3 52 .

4
M y c e n ae,
”
p . 1 93 .

5
L E s p a gn e
’
et l e P or tu g al p r eh i s tor i
q u es ,
"
Fig s. 41 0 41 2
-
. R e c e n tl yM . da V ige a

ha s r eco g i n ze d th e S wa s t ik a i n th e c om p a r tm e n ts of a m os a c i fou n d i n A l g arv e . L’A n

th r o p ol o g i e ,
”
1 8 91 , p . 222 .

M . Ch a n tr e a s s im il a te s h
t e se b i l ur a s to t os e ofh Vill a n ob a , H al s ta tt, a n d B i s m e n
toy i a in u pp er I ta l y . M a te r i a u x ,
”
1 881 , pp 64. 1 , 165 .

7 D e M or till e t , A lbu m p r e h i s tor i q u e , pp 98 .

, 99, t oo
.

t’
Ib i d .
, Fi g s . 1 2 47 , 1 2 57 .

9 M or e a u
, A lb u m d e Ca r a n a d a .

10
Go bl et d Al i
’
v ella , L m ig ti
a d ym b lra p 65 on es s o es,
"
. .

11
Le d i eu g l i au o s du l i l t l m ig ti d
so e eym b l a ra on es s o es .
”

t S hl i m p 35
12 ”
Th e Le tte r of G or d on o Il i
c e an n . os , . 2.
1 798 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

c ave d wel lers of M esa V erde an d t h e sam e i s do n e by M ax M ul le r ,

i n Y u catan an d P araguay wh i l e oth er savan ts h av e fou n d i t am ong ,

t h e H uacas of P er u a n d a m ong savage t ri b es of B ra z il wh ere th e tri ,

angul ar pi e c es o f p ott ery so m eti m es beari ng t h e myst eri ou s S was ,

1
t i k a ign O fte n for m t h e on ly d ress O f t h e wo m en
S , .

2
W e fi n d i t i n t h e p ai nt i ngs O f t h e N avaj os an d on t h e o rn a
m en t s of t h e P ue b l o I n d ian s w h il e t h e S ac I n dian s O f t h e S out h ,

west wear i t o n t h ei r col l ars an d garters o n occasi on o f th ei r rel igi ous

f etes alt h ough i t i s n ot p ossi bl e t h at t h ey sh oul d k n ow t h e sense
,
.

wh i c h i s attac h e d to it an d t h e W ol p is p ai n t i t on t h ei r d an c e
a
,
‘
rattles .

I h ave o m itt e d t o treat of n u m erou s figuri n es orn a m e n te d wi t h

t h e S wasti k a i n t h e h op e t o fi n d an ex pl anatio n of t h i s m y steri ous
sy m bol We fi n d i t e n g r a v e d on a figu re of B ud d h a i n t h e U n i ted
.
‘

5
S tates N at i on al M useu m on t h e b ase of a b ro n z e B u d d h a fro m ,

J apan a n d o n a vase i n t h e K u n st h i st orisc h e M useu m O f V i en n a

,

W h ere i t figure s o n t h e b reast of A p ol l o A starte h e ar s i t o n h er

6
.

7
arm s a n d sh oul ders A d on i s on h i s arm s a fol l ower O f A p h ro d i te , , ,

8 9
o n h er rob e a ce n tau r from Cyp r us o n h i s righ t sh oul der
, In a .

ru de rep resent at i on O f A p ol l o d i rect i ng th e car of t h e su n i t i s fou n d

10
o n t h e w h eel s O f t he c h ari ot A fe m al e statu e i n l ead fou n d at T roy .

wears a triangul ar c over i ng over t h e u l va th e ce n ter of wh i c h bears ,

11
a S wast i ka N u m erou s c i nctures or girdl es worn by wo m e n bore
.

t h i s sam e S wasti k a S ign D oes t h i s n ot i n d icate t h at i t m ay h ave .

bee n regarde d as a n e m ble m O f t h e gen erat ive forces O f nat u re ?

B u t w e wi l l n ot ven t ure furt h er i n ou r research es for t h e sig
n i fi c a tio n o f a sign so O b scure as i s th e S wast i ka P ro ba b ly ( a n d .

t h e figu ri nes j ust m en ti on ed gi v e t h i s hyp ot h esis a se m b la nce O f

1 Wil s on , S w as t ik a, Re p or t U . S N at
. . 1 8 94, P l a te XV I I I .

2
bi d
I . P l a te X V I I .

3
I bi d .
, P l a te s XV . a nd XV I .
(N e v e r th e l e s s h
t e se I nd i ans r e co g i
n ze it as a s ig n of

g ood l uc k and gi ve it a c or r e s p on d n i g nam e .

—T . W) .

4
R ev . d ’ E th n o g r a p h i e ,” 1 88 5 , N O . 1 .

5
Vi l
\ s on , l . c .
, P l a te I .

6
G blo et d ’A l v i e l l a , 1 . c , . P l a te 1 .

7 13 1 1 S oc . . 1 88 8 , p . 6 76 .

8
T hi s s ta tu e tte w as fou n d i n 1 88 7 i n a Gr e e k tom b . B ul . S oc . 1 8 88 .

p 677
9
Ce s n ol a , S al a m i n i a , p . 2 43 .

10
bi d I .

‘S hli
1
c e m an n , Il i os ,” Fig . 2 2 6.
 LE G E N D S AND S Y M B O LS OF M A SON R Y 1 799

trut h ) it was a rel igi ou s e m b l em an am ul et c on secrat ed by t h e vari e d ,

sup ersti ti on s O f m an as i s t he h an d wi t h th e fi ngers rai se d a survi val

,

of a n a nc i en t C h al dean sy m b ol wh i c h i s worn t o day by th e I tal ian s -

,

1
as i s t h e l i ttl e p ig by t h e P ari si an s Was i t ded i cated to t h e l i vi ng .

su n t o Ze us or B aal t o A starte or to A p hrod i te t o A gn i t h e go d ,

of fi re or to I n d ra t h e god of rai n or st i l l fu rt h er t o V i shn u or

, , ,

t o S i va t h e H i n d u rep resen tati ves of creat i o n a n d d estructi on ? A l l

,

t h ese hyp ot h eses are p ossi bl e m ore t h an t h i s al l of t h em are pro b ,

a bl e for t h e sign i fi cati on of S wasti ka h as si ngul arly vari ed ac cord

,

i ng t o t h e t i m e a n d t o t ra d i ti on 2
T hose p erson s w h o i n t h e actu al .

S tate of our k n ow ledge p reten d t o form ulate gen eral c on cl usi on s are

sad ly i n error .

I ap p roac h t h e e n d of my task B y t h e si de of t h e si m il ari ty .

of t h e an ato m i c struct u re of ma n m an t i m e s an d O f al l races I ,

h ave sough t t o p l ace t h e si m i lari ty of h i s gen i us as p rove d by th e ,

i d en t i ty o f h i s con cep ti on s T h e ossuari es wh i c h c on tai n t h e re m ai n s

.

of h i s p re decessors t h e cus to m of col ori ng h i s b on es re d after t h ey

,

h a d b een d en u de d o f t h ei r fl esh t h e mysteri ous S ign t o wh i c h we ,

h ave gi ve n t he n a m e S wasti ka an d oth er c oncept i on s ot h er al m ost , ,

u n i versal creati on s w h i c h i t woul d b e easy t o ad d al l te n d t oward

, ,

t h e co n fi rm ati on O f t h e k n owl edge gi ven t o u s by t h e earl i est arm s ,

t h e first t ool s an d i m pl em en ts O f fl i n t an d t h e m ost a nc i en t p ott ery , .

W e bel i eve i t i m p ossi b l e to m i sa p pre h en d or m i stak e t h e m ul ti pl i ed

p roofs t h at fl ow fro m m o dern researc h es al l O f wh i c h a ffirm wi t h an ,
"
i rrefutabl e el oq u en c e t h e un i ty of t he h u m an sp eci es .

A m ong t h e very anci en t sym bol s O f t h e O ri en t w e fi n d t h e

P en tal p ha or fi v e p oi nted star
, I n on e of t h e i l l ust rati on s i n t h e
-
.

[eou og r up /i ze E n cy cl op e d i a O f th e late P rofe ssor B ai rd ,P resi den t

'

of t h e S m i t hson i an I nsti t ut i on w h o succe eded P rofessor H e nry we , ,

o bserve t h at t h e P en tal p h a occu pi es t h e m ost c on sp ic u ous p l ace .

T h at p i cture represen ts t h e u n i verse v i a th e great c el esti al serpen t , ,

form s a c i rc l e h av i ng t h e tai l i n i ts m out h at t h e t op d iam et ri cal ly ,

op p osi te at t h e b ott o m t h e ser pen t t wi sts t h e b ody i n a large c oi l

,

u p on t h i s coi l i s a h uge t ort oi se ; o n t h e b ack of t he t ortoi se sta n d

1 W . W . R oc k hi l l D i y
ar of a J ou r n e y th r ou gh M on g li
o a and T ib ”
e t, 1 8 91 - 92 )
i
c te s th e T ib e ta n wh o h a d a S wa s t ik a ta ttooe d o n h is h an d .

2
S e we l l I nd i an A nt iq uary J l y 88 ) p
,
”
u t i m b l hyp th
, 1 1 r esen s nnu er a e o ese s to w hi h c

th e S wa s t ik a h as gi ve n r s e. i T it b t
o c e M C i gh m d i ti g i h
u on e r . unn n a , a s n u s ed s a v a n t.

b li
e e v e s th e S wa s ti k a to h av e b m
een a g m on o r a .
1 8 00 H I S TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

four el ep han t s occ u pyi ng t h e fo u r c ar d i n al p oi nts ; o n t h ese el e

h
p an ts rests t h e eart h w h i c h i s fl at on t h e botto m an d h em i sp h erical
,

on t h e top ; ab ov e th e e art h are rep resen te d c oncen tri cally t h e

se ven h eaven ly sp h eres ; i m m e d i a tely ab ove t h e u p per m ost S p h ere ,

an d susp e nd e d fro m t h e j u n cti on of t h e t ai l an d m out h of t h e se r

pen t i s th e P en tal p h a
, .

T h e P e n tal p h a h as b een so cal l e d b ecause t h e fi v e (p ew e) p oi n t s

,
‘

eac h rep resen te d t h e G reek l etter A l p h a (A ) I t was cal l e d H ygei a

.

or sy m b ol o f h eal t h by P yth agoras .

W e re fer our readers t o B ook I V Ch apte r I V pages 1 7 5 5 t o .

,

1 7 8 3 — an d esp eci al ly on p ages 1 7 8 1 t o 1 78 3 — w h erei n we h ave

sh own t h e c on n ecti on b etween som e of t h e sy m b ol s n ow em pl oye d
i n our m odern M ason i c syste m w i t h t h ose of t h e rem otest an ti qu i ty
, ,

an d h ave m ade freque nt referen ces t o D r M ack ey an d to h i s

.

pre decessor D r O l i ver from w h ose work s o n sy m b ol is m w e h ave

, .
,

freely qu ote d suc h p assages as woul d d e m on st rate ou r su b j ect .

Th e wri ter of t h i s treat i se on S y m bol i s m h as e n deav ore d t o

p l ac e b efore t h e rea der t h e i nt i m ate rel ati on b e t ween al l t h e form s

of language as d ispl aye d by m an fro m th e earl iest ages i n t h e

, , ,

c ru dest e ff ort s t o co n vey h i s i deas to ot h ers d ow n t o t h e p erfecte d

,

for m s of a n i m al l i fe as di sp l aye d i n t h e u n nat ural c om p osi t io n s i n

'
,

th e C h eru b i m w h i c h w a s sh ow n fi rst t o M oses an d su b se que n tl y to

, ,

t h e prop h et s E z ek ie l an d I sai ah as descri b e d i n t h e t ex t

, .

We can gi v e n o furt h er ex pl an ati o n s t h an t h ose t ak e n fro m

an c i e n t wr iters as down t o t h e prese n t day t h ey are as m ysteri ou s
, , ,

as t h ey h av e al ways b ee n i n eve ry age of t h e worl d l ik e t h e ,

i m age of th e vei le d I sis i n h er t e m p l e o n t h e i sl an d P h il ae i n

“
E gypt wi t h t h e fol lowi ng i nscri p ti on :
,
I a m t h at w h i c h w as ,

w h i c h is, an d w h ic h is t o c o m e , a n d n o m o r t al h at h l i fte d m y
”
v ei l
.
 P A RT FIVE

AN CIEN T A ND A CC E PTE D SCOTTI S H

R O YA L O RD E R O F S COTLA N D
A NC IE NT A N D A CCEPTED SCOTTIS H RITE

C H A PT E R I

TH E E A R LY H I ST O R Y OF TH E S C OTT I S H R ITE

N C h apter LI
of t h i s work wi l l b e fou n d a
H i story of C h risti an K n igh t hood an d i n t h e ,

fol l owi ng ch apt er L I I K n igh t T em p l ari sm

, ,

i n A m eri ca I n pages 1 3 3 2 t o I 3 3 6 C hap t er

.
,

L I i s gi ve n t h e h i story of t h e su ppressi on
,
“ ”
of t h e T e m p lar O rd e r t h e deat h of t h e last ,

G ran d M ast er J acqu es D e M ol ay an d t h e d i s

, ,
”
p e r si on of t h e O rder .

T h ere i s n o n ee d t o rep eat i n t h i s p lace t h e accoun t of t h e de

structi on O f t h e greatest O f t h e t hree great m i l i tary orders t h e P oor , .

” ’
F e ll ow sol d i ers of C h ri st an d S ol om on s T e m pl e as t h ey o ffi cially
-

descri b e d t h e m sel ves O n M arc h 1 1 1 3 1 4 t h e G ran d M aster

.
, , ,

J ac qu es d e M ol ay was bu rn ed t o deat h i n P ari s d ecl ari ng wi t h h i s

, ,

l ast b reat h t hat t h e c on fessi on s wru ng fro m h i m an d ot h er k n ights

by tortu re were u n true an d t h at t h e order was i n n ocen t T h e
, .

P ap al B ul l i ssu e d by Cl em e n t V t h e year b efore h a d su p presse d

, .
,

t he orde r an d t ra n sferre d i t s estat es t o t h e K n ight s H osp i tal lers or ,

K n igh t s o f S t J oh n of J erusal em for cen tu ri es t h e b i tter foes of

.
,

t h e T em p lars T h e T e m pl ars w h o e scap e d t h e cru elty of t h e

.

Fre n c h K i ng P h i l i p t h e Fai r fl e d t o ot h er c ou n tri es

, , .

Fro m t h i s p eri o d u n ti l t h e i n ven t i on of p ri nti ng t here w a s a

sl ow b u t grad ual i n crease i n l earn i ng w h i c h was m ostly con fi n e d t o
,

t h e pri est h oo d very fe w eve n of t h e n o b i l i ty c oul d read or wri te ;

, ,

h e nce t h ey e m pl oye d as c hap l ai ns th e l earn ed c l ass of t h e cl ergy ,

wh o con duct e d al l of th ei r b u s m e ss a ff ai rs an d becam e dom esticate d ,

i n t h ei r fam i l i es A fter t h e i nven ti on o f m ovabl e type an d t h e i n

.

“
crease O f b o ok s l e ar n i ng b eca m e m ore p op ular a n d by t h e p ol it
, ,

1 80 3
1 8 04 H ISTOR Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

i cal c h an ges i n th e k i ngdo m s of E urop e t h ere were i m portan t

i m p rove m e nt s i n sci e n c e an d t h e arts b rought a b out so t h at fro m ,

t h e c l ose of t h e 1 4t h ce n t u ry to t h e deat h of C h arles I I of E n g .

l an d v ery i m p ortan t even ts h ad taken p l ace an d a n en ti re r e v o l u

,

t i o n of soci ety h ad o c curre d growi ng ou t of t h e

,
R eform ati on
i n rel igi on T h e great fi re i n L on do n — al th ough a l ocal a ff air —h ad
.

i t s e ff ect s u p on ot h er parts O f E u rop e T h e re c on st ru ct i on O f t h e

.

ci ty of L on d on — an d p arti c ul arl y O f t h e rel igi ou s e d ifi c e s— p ro d uce d

a revol u ti on i n arc h i tect ure u n der t h e s u perv i si on O f S i r C h ri stop h er
Wren wh o was ap p oi n te d by C h arl es I I a s sup eri n ten de nt of al l
, .

t h e p u b l ic b u i l di ngs after t h e great fi re U n der t h e sa ncti o n of t h e

.

K i ng W re n v i site d t h e co nt i n e n t an d b ecam e fam i l i ar wi t h t h e

,

classic or ders of arch itec tu re of w h i c h t h ere were few ex a m pl es

,

i n E ngl a n d T h ere i s n o dou b t t h at t h e great cat h ed ral of S t P aul s

. .
’

’
i n L on d on i n i ts order of arc h i tect ure w as a C opy of S t P et er s i n
, , .

R ome .

S ir C h ri stop h er W re n h as O fte n b ee n call e d by M ason i c wri ters

a G ran d M aste r of M ason s b u t t h ere i s n o evi den ce wh ateve r t h at
,

h e was eve n an A p p rent ice M ason wh e n h e b ec am e t h e govern

m en t arc h i tect or S u p eri n te n de n t .

L essi ng t h e G e rm a n cri ti c goes so far as t o d esc ri b e W re n as

“

, ,

t h e i n ve n tor of S pecul ati v e M aso n ry b u t later i n vest igators a ffi r m

,

t h at w h i l e I nigo J on es t h e great arc h i tect of so m any n ob l e b u i l d

,

i ngs i n E n gl an d i s cl ai m e d to h ave h el d a pl ace i n t h e M ason ic

,

order yet S ir C h rist op h e r W ren i s on ly m e nt i on ed i n a profession al

,

ca paci ty A s t h e fi rst c ode of M ason ic l aws a n d t h e first i te m s of

.

M ason i c h i story were pu bl ish e d b y aut h ori ty i t m ay j ustl y be i n ,

ferre d t hat t h e t ri u m vi rat e O f com p i l ers h a d n o k n owl edge of h is

h avi ng ever b ee n a m e m b er of t h e S oc i ety T h e E ngl i sh Free .

m ason s O f t h e p eri o d of t h e s o cal l e d rev i val of 1 7 1 7 see m ed t o

-

’
hav e foun d n o reason t o b el i ev e i n W ren s co n n ecti on wi t h t h e S o
“
c i e ty . W re n was o ne o f t h e m ost e m i n e n t m e n of t h e t i m e a ,
”
p ro digy of u n iversal sc ien ce P resi den t of t h e R oyal S oci ety t h e
, ,
’
b u i l der of t h e n ew cat h edral of S t P au l s L on don a n d n u m ero us
.
, ,

coll eges an d ot he r b ui l d i ngs an d m ore t han al l t h e r eb u i l der of

, , ,

L on don after t h e G reat Fi re a n d i t wou l d b e strange t h at t h e i n i t ia

,

t ion or a ffi l i at i on of su c h a d ist i ngui sh ed m an as t h e K i ng s A rch i

’

teet S h ou l d h ave b ee n forgotte n by t h e l odges of M ason s su b si st i n g

w h e n t h e rev i val of 1 7 1 7 to ok p l ace .
1 8 06 H IS TOR Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

The i te of P erfe c tio n w h ic h for a q uart er o f a c en t ury

R , ,

wi t h m an y st ruggl es h a d n ot ful ly a c com pl ish ed t h e work prop ose d

,

for i t by i ts aut h ors was i m p roved i t i s sai d by Frederi ck h i m

, , ,

sel f by a reorgan i z ati on a n d re c on stru cti on w h i c h pl a c e d i t o n a

,

h igh er stan dar d i n i t s p h i l osop hy an d i n i ts t eac h i ngs ; t h at eigh t

“
oth er d egrees were adde d t o i t an d t h e n am e was c h ange d to T h e ,
"
A n ci en t an d A ccepted S cott i sh R ite of Freem ason ry a n d t h at t h e ,

G ran d C on sti t ut i on s of 1 7 8 6 were rat i fi ed a n d sign ed by Fre derick i n

B erl i n i n M ay of t hat year
,
.

B y t h ese C onst i tu ti on s o f 1 7 8 6 Fred erick t h e G reat resign ed t h e ,

aut h ori ty h e h ad h el d from 1 7 6 2 as G ran d C om m an d er O f t h e O rd er

of P ri nces of th e R oyal S ecret an d S u pre m e C h i ef of t h e S cott ish ,

R i te or of P erfec t i on H is M ason ic prerogati ves were by t h e sam e

.

docu m en t d ep osi ted w it h a c ou n ci l for eac h n ati on t o be c om pose d ,

of S overeig n G ran d I n sp ectors G ene r al of t he T h i rty T h i rd an d l ast - -

d egree of l egi ti mat e Freem a s on ry l i m i ted i n n u m b ers to t h at o f t h e ,

years of C h ri st o n earth .

T h e G ran d C on sti t ut i on s form e d i n 1 7 6 2 were rat i fie d i n B or

d eau x O ct ob er 2 5 t h O f t h at year an d were p rocl ai m e d as t h e gov
, ,

e rn i ng l aws for al l t h e sev eral B odi es of t h e R i te of P erfect i on

over t h e t wo H e m i sp h eres .

P ri or t o th i s i n 1 7 6 1 S tep h e n M ori n w as i n v este d wi t h p ower

, ,

by t h e G ran d C onsi story O f S u bl i m e P ri nces of t h e R oyal S ecret i n

P ari s on t h e 2 7th of A ugust 1 7 6 1 t o carry th e
,
“
R i te of P e r , ,
”
fe c ti on t o A m eri ca H e rece i ve d a P ate n t as h i s cre d en ti al of
.
, ,

wh i ch t h e fol l owi ng i s a c opy

’

M P a ten t
’
or z u s .

To t h e gl ory of t h e G A O T U etc an d by t h e goo d w i l l

. . . . .
, .
,

of H S H t h e ve ry i l l ustri ous B rot h e r L ou i s de B ourb on C ou n t

. . .
,

d e Cl erm on t P ri n c e of t h e B l ood R oyal G ran d M aster a n d P r o

, ,

t e c t or O f al l L odges .

A t t h e O ri en t of a m ost en l igh ten e d place wh ere reign P eace ,

S i le nce an d C onc ord A n n o L u ci s 5 7 6 1 an d acc ordi ng t o t h e co m

, , ,

m on styl e 2 7th A ugust 1 7 6 1

, , .

Lux
'

ten ebr U n i ta s , con eor d za f r a tr u m

’

ex zs . .

W e t h e u n dersign e d S u bsti tutes G en eral o f t h e R oyal A r t

, ,

G ran d W arden s an d O ffi c ers of t h e G ran d a n d S ove reign L o d ge of

 E A R LY H IS TO R Y OF TH E S CO T T I S H R IT E 1 8 07

St . J oh n of J erusal em estab l ishe d at t h e O ri en t of P ari s a n d W e

, ,

S overeign G ran d M asters of t h e G ran d C ou nci l O f t he L odges of

Fran ce u n der t h e sacred an d m ysteri ou s n u m bers declare c erti fy
, , , ,

an d d ecree t o al l t h e very d ear B ro s K n igh ts an d P ri nces scattere d

, ,

t h rough out t h e t w o h em i sp heres t h at b ei ng assem bl e d by order of

,

t h e S u bsti tut e G e n eral P resi den t O f t h e G ran d C ou n c i l a requ est

, ,

was c om m u n i cate d to us by t h e worshi pful B r o La c orne S u b s ti .

,

t u te of ou r v ery i ll ustri ou s G M K n igh t an d P ri nce M ason an d

. .
, ,

w as read i n d ue form .

W h ereas our dear B r o S tep he n M ori n G ran d P erfect E l ec t (G

.
, .

el u parfai t ) a n d P ast S u b l i m e M aster P ri n ce M ason K n igh t a n d, ,

S u bl i m e P ri nc e of al l orders of t h e M asonry of P erfect i on m e m b er ,

"
of t h e R oyal L odge of t he T ri n ity etc b ei ng ab out t o dep art , .
,

for A merica desi res t o b e a bl e t o work w i t h regul arity for t h e ad

,

vantage an d aggran d i se m en t of t h e R oyal A r t i n al l i ts perfect i on ,

m ay i t pl ease t h e S overeign G ran d C ou n c i l a n d G ran d L odge to

gran t hi m l etters of con sti t uti on O n t h e rep ort wh i c h h as b ee n
.

m a d e t o us an d k n owi ng t h e e m i ne n t qu al i ficati on s of B r o S
, . .

M ori n we h ave wi th out h esi tati on accor d ed h i m t h i s S l igh t grat i

, , ,

fi c ati o n i n ret urn for t h e servi ces w h i c h h e h as al ways ren d ered

t h i s O rd er an d t h e conti n uat i on o f w h ic h i s gu aran tee d t o us by
,

h i s z eal .

F or t h i s cau se an d for ot h er goo d reason s w h i lst ap p rovi ng a n d ,

c on fi r m i ng t h e very dear B rot he r M ori n i n h i s design s a n d wi sh i ng ,

to con fer on h i m so m e m ark of ou r g r ati tu d e we h ave by con

'

, ,
.

se nt c onst i t ute d an d i n veste d h i m an d d o by t h ese presen ts con

, ,

s ti tu te an d i n vest h i m an d gi ve ful l an d en t i re p ower t o t h e sai d

,

B r o S tep h en M ori n wh ose sign at ure i s i n t h e m argi n of t h ese

.
,

presen ts t o form an d estab l ish a Lodge i n order t o a d m it t o an d

,

m ul ti ply t h e R oyal O rder of M ason s i n all th e perfect a n d su bl i m e

d egrees t o tak e m easu res t h at t h e stat ute s an d regul at i on s o f t h e
G ran d a n d S overeign L odge gen eral or spec i al be kep t a n d o h
, ,

served an d t o n ever a d m i t t herei n any b u t true an d l egi ti m at e

,

broth ers of su bl i m e M ason ry .

T o ru l e an d govern al l t h e m e m b ers wh o sh al l co m p ose h i s sai d

L odge wh i c h h e m ay estab l ish i n th e four qu arters of t h e worl d
,

wh erever h e m ay arri ve or shal l soj ourn u n der t he ti tl e of L o dge of ,

“
S t J o h n a nd surnam ed
.
,
P erfect H arm ony w e gi ve h i m power
to c h oose suc h O ffi c ers as h e m ay p lease t o ai d h i m i n rul i ng h i s
1 8 08 H I S TOR Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

L odge , w h o m we c om man d an d e nj oi n to O b ey a n d respect h i m

d o ordai n an d c o m m an d al l M asters O f regul ar L odges of w h atsoever
d ign ity scattere d ove r t h e surface of lan d an d sea d o pray an d e n
, ,

j oi n t he m i n t he n a me O f t h e R oyal O r d er an d i n t h e p resen c e O f ,

o ur very i ll u stri ou s G M t o ack n owl edge i n l i ke m an n er as we

. .
,

re c ogni se our very dear B r o S tep he n M ori n as W orsh i pful M aster .

O f t h e L o d ge of P erfect H arm ony an d we dep u te h i m i n h i s qual i ty ,

of ou r G ran d I n sp ector i n al l parts of t h e N e w W orl d to reform

t h e O bservan ce of o ur laws i n ge neral etc an d by t h ese p resents d o , .
,

c on st itu te our ve ry dear B r o S tep he n M ori n ou r G M I n spector . . .

,

au t h orisi ng an d em p oweri ng h i m to establ ish p erfect a n d su bl i m e

M asonry i n al l p arts O f t h e worl d etc etc , .
, .

W e p ray c onseque n tly al l brot hers i n gen eral t o ren d er t o t h e

, ,

sai d S tep h en M ori n suc h assi st anc e an d su ccour as m ay b e i n

t hei r p ower requi ring t h e m t o do t h e sa m e to al l t h e b rot h ers wh o
,

S h al l b e m e m b ers O f h i s L odge an d wh om h e has ad m i tted an d co n ,

sti tu ted sh al l ad m i t or c o n sti tu te i n f u ture to t h e su b l i m e d egree of

,

p erfecti o n w h i c h we gran t h i m wi t h ful l an d en ti re p ower t o creat e ,

I nsp ect ors i n al l p l aces w h ere t h e su bl i m e degrees sh al l n ot al ready

b e establ i sh ed k n owi ng wel l h i s great ac qu i rem en t a n d cap ac i ty
, .

I n wi tness wh ereof we h ave gi ve n h i m t h ese p resents sign e d by ,

th e S ub sti t ute G en eral O f t h e O rder G ran d C o m m an der of t h e

-
,

B l ack an d W h i te E agl e S overeign S u b l i m e P ri nce of t he R oyal

,

S ecret an d C h i ef of t h e E m i n e n t D egree of t he R oyal A r t a n d by

, ,

u s G ran d I n spectors S ub l i m e O ffi cers of t h e G ran d C ou n ci l a n d o f

, ,

t h e G ran d L odge estab l ish ed i n t h i s cap i tal an d h ave seal e d t he m wit h ,

t h e G ran d S eal of o ur i ll ustri ous G M H i s S eren e H igh n ess an d . .

,

wi t h t h at O f our G ran d Lodge an d S overe ign G ran d C ou n ci l G iven .

at t h e G O o f P aris i n t h e y ear of l igh t 5 7 6 1 or accord i ng t o t he

. .
, , ,

V ulgar E r a 2 7th A ugust 1 7 6 1

, ( S ign e d ) C h ail l on d e J on vi l l e
, .
,

S u bsti t ute G en er al W M o f t h e fi rst l odge i n F ran c e called

-
, . . St .

T h omas C h i ef of t h e E m i n e nt D egrees C om m an d er an d S u bl i m e
, ,

P ri n ce of t h e R oyal S ecret B r o t h e P ri n ce de R oh an M aster of

. .
,

"
t h e G ran d L odge I n tel l ige nce S ov ereign P ri n c e O f M asonry
“
, .

L ac orn e S u bsti t u t e o f t h e G ran d M aster W D e p M of L o dge

, , . . .

“
T ri n i ty G ran d P erfect E l ect K n igh t a n d P ri nce M aso n
, S ava ,
.

l ette de B u c h e l e y G ran d K eep er of t h e S eals G ran d E lect G ran d

, , ,

K n igh t an d P ri n ce M ason T au pi n etc P ri n ce M ason B rest de

.
, .
, ,
-

”
l a C h auss é e etc W M of t h e Lo dge E xact it u d e G ran d E l ec t
-
, .
, . . .
 P
A P R E N T I CE S
’
P I LLA R
R os l y Ch p l
n a e , n ea r Ed i b gh
n ur , S c o tl a n d
 E A R LY H I S TOR Y O F TH E S CO T T I S H R ITE 1 8 09

P e rfect M aste r K n igh t P ri n ce M ason Cou n t d e C h oiseu l et c

,
.
, .
,

P ri n c e M ason B ou c h er de L en oncourt etc W M O f t h e L o dge , .

, . .

”
V i rtu e P ri nce M ason
,
.

B y order of th e G ran d L odge D au b e r tin G ran d E lect P erfect .

,

M aster an d K n igh t P ri nc e M ason W M of t h e Lodge S ai n t A l , . .

”
p h on se G ran d S ec retary O f t h e G ran d L odge an d of t h e S u b l i m e
,

C ou n c i l o f P ri n c e M ason s i n Fran ce etc , .

Th e fi rst soi l w h i c h M ori n t ouc h e d on h i s m i ssi on t o A m eri ca

was S an D om i ngo a n d afterward on h is arri val at K i ngston J a
, , ,

m ai ca h e ap p oi n ted
,
H en ry Fr an c k e n a D ep uty I nsp ect or G en eral l -
.

L ater on ot h er a p poi n t m en ts were m ade by h i m t o t h i s O ffi ce an d ,

t h ese D ep u t ies h e su p pl ie d wi t h c op i es of t h e G ran d C on stitu t i ons ,

wh i c h h ad b ee n a dop te d i n 1 7 6 2 S oon afte r h i s ap p oi n t m en t .

Fr an c k e n v i si te d t h e N ort h A m erican C ol on i es w h ere h e gave an ,

ap p oi n t m en t of D ep uty I n spector G en eral t o M oses M H aye s at -

.
,

B oston M ass , .

F r an c k e n establ i sh ed u n der h i s com m i ssi o n from M ori n a l odge

at A l b an y N Y , T h is w as a L o d ge of P e rfect i o n of th e 1 4t h
. .

D egree O n D ece m b er 2 0 1 7 6 7 h e c on ferre d t h e degree of

.
, ,

S u bl i m e P ri n ce of t h e R oyal S ecret t h e 2 5 th D egree of th e ,

R i t e o n several B ret h re n of th e order

, T h i s l odge seem s n ot .

t o h ave prosp ered an d was n early forgotte n w h en i n 1 8 2 2 G il e s

,

Fon da G ates o n e of t h e m ost act i ve B ret h ren o f t h e N ort h ern

,

M ason i c J u ri sdi cti on d i sc overed t h e origi n al W arran t t oget h e r

, ,

wi t h so m e pat en ts o f th e B ret h ren of t h e body an d i ts book s of ,

record .

“
T h i s was n o d ou bt t h e v ery fi rst b ody of t h e
, , R i t e of P e r fec
"
t i on ever pl an t ed on t h e Co nti n en t o f N ort h A m erica an d ,

t h ere were d ou b t l ess several suc h b od i es i n t h e I slan ds of t h e

, ,

W est I n di es .

T h ose M ason s w h o h ave progresse d beyon d t h e B l u e L odge

d egrees an d are fam i l i ar w it h th e Capi tul ar an d C ryp ti c R i tes as
, ,

al so t h e degrees of t h e Com m an d e ry an d t h ose of t h e A A . .

R . c an read i ly percei ve h ow T h om as S m i t h W e b b w as a bl e to
m an ufact u re t h e d egrees attri b ut ed t o h i m after h i s resi den ce i n ,

A l b an y an d h i s con nec ti on wit h t h e M ason s of t h at c i ty

,
.

1 T h e d a te i s n ot k n own , b u t it m u st h av e b een b e twe e n 1 76 2 an d 1 76 7 .

1 1 4
1 8 10 H I S TO R Y OF FR E E M A S ON R Y

B roth er D a Costa was m ade D ep uty I nsp ect or G en eral for S outh -

C arol in a by H ayes i n 1 7 8 1 h e al so ap p oi n te d S ol om o n B us h
D ep uty for P en nsyl van i a a n d B M S p i t z er D ep uty for G eorgi a
, . . .

D a C osta estab l ish e d i n C h arl esto n i n 1 7 8 3 a S ub l i m e G ran d

L o dge of P erfect ion .

A C ou n c i l of P ri n c es of J eru sal em was d uly con sti tute d i n

C harl eston an d M eyers S p it z er an d Frost were p resen t an d i n
, , ,

stal l ed th e O ffi cers T h e C ou nci l of K n ight s K ad os h was organ i z e d

.

i n P hi l adel p h i a i n 1 796 by re fugees fro m S an D o m i ngo W h en .

F rance agai n assum ed aut h ori ty over S an D om i ngo t h ese B ret h re n ,

return e d h o m e an d t h e c ou n c i l b ecam e dorm an t i f n ot e n t irely

e x ti n ct .

I n N e w Y ork C i ty a c hap ter of R ose C roi x ( 1 8 th D egr ee) w as

esta bl i sh e d i n 1 797 t h e G ran d Consti tuti on of 1 78 6 an d t h e ri tual
,

of th e eigh t ad ded degrees h avi ng bee n recei ved i n C h arl eston at

t h at ti m e T h e b odi es already establ ish ed i n C harl est on accep te d
.

t h e n ew r eg i m e a n d adopt ed t h e n ew degrees an d i n 1 8 0 1 a c on v e n ,

t i on was h el d an d p rel i m i nary steps i n augu rated to for m a S up rem e

Cou n ci l o f t h e 3 3 d an d Last D egree of t h e A nci e nt an d A ccep te d
S cotti sh R i t e of Free mason ry .

T h e n am e of t h i s n ew b ody was T h e S u pre me C ou n ci l of S ov

e r e ig n G ran d I n spectors G en eral of t h e T h i rty t h ir d an d L ast D egree
- -

for t h e U n i te d S tat es of A m erica I t was form ed a n d organ i z ed

.

by J oh n M i tc hel l an d F re d e ri c D al c h o a n d d uri ng t h e year t h e ful l ,

n u m b er of m e m b ers n i n e was ad m i tted

, , .

T h i s n ew b ody rec ogn i z e d th e C on st i tut i on s of 1 7 6 2 t h e S ecret ,

Con sti tu ti o ns an d t h e m uc h di scussed C on sti tuti o ns of 1 7 8 6

,
-
.

T h ese l att er con sti t ut i on s are b el i eve d t o h av e b een ap p roved

an d rati fi e d by Fred eri c k t h e G reat of P ru ssi a as S u prem e H ea d ,

an d G o vern or of t h e R i te an d as al ready stated p rov i d e for t h e

, , ,

govern m en t of t h e R i te after h i s d eat h by a cou n c il i n eac h n at i on

, , .

A l th ough t h ese co nst it u ti ons clai m t o h ave b ee n recogn i z ed as t h e

S upre m e La w of t h e R i te i n 1 7 8 6 t h ey were n ot p u b l ish ed t i l l ,

1 83 2 wh en a Fren c h versi on ap p eared A Lati n tex t w as p u b

, .

l is h e d two years afterward wh ic h wh i l e agreei ng wi t h t h e F renc h,

b ook i n esse nti als d i ff ers i n m any o f t h e detai ls I t m ay b e b roadly

, .

state d t h at t h e L ati n versi on i s m ore p rec ise m ore c om pl ete m ore , ,

i n l egal form an d h e n ce som e stud en ts h ave a rr iv ed at t h e con

, , ,

el u si on t hat t h e Lat i n c on sti tuti on s t h u s wri tte n i n a language u n i

,
1 8 12 H I S TOR Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

wh en Fr an c k e n i n 1 7 6 7 i n tro d uce d t h e R i te i n to t h e A m eri ca n Col o

n i es i t was gen eral ly u n derstoo d t h at t he su pre m e govern i ng p ower
was i n B erl i n an d t hat i n 1 7 70 th e Lodge of P erfect i o n at A l ba ny
,

was d i re c te d t o tran sm i t re p orts t o B erl i n w h il e sti ll earl i er a traci ng

, , ,

b oar d m ade by on e of i ts m e m b ers d i spl ays t he d ou bl e eagl e o f P rus

si a as a sy m b ol of t h e h ead of t h e order M oreov er i n 1 78 5 t h e .
, ,

L odge o f P e rfect i on at P h i l a d el p h i a drew u p a n ad d ress t o be p re

sente d to Fre d eri c k as h ead o f t h e or d er .

T h e A n ci en t a n d A ccep te d S cott ish R i te of t h e ti tle of

wh i c h h ea d s t h i s c h apter l ik e al l t h e s o c all ed S cotti sh M ason ry has
,
-
,

n ot h i ng w h atever t o d o wi t h t h e G ran d L odge of S cotl an d N o .

p ort i on of i t ex cep t p erh ap s t h e R oyal O rder of S c otl an d ever

, ,

origi nate d i n S c otl an d n or were any of t h ese so cal l ed S cott i sh de

,
-

grees at any ti m e p ract iced i n S c ot lan d G oul d i n h i s h i sto ry ap .

, ,

p l i es t h e wor d S c ots as d i st i ngu ish e d from S cotti sh t o S h ow t h ese

a dd i ti on s t o Free mason r y m a d e o n t h e Con ti n en t T h ese s o cal l ed .
-

S c otti sh or S c ot s degrees see m t o h ave origi n ated ab ou t t h e year

1 7 40 i n Fran ce T h e state m en t t h at I ri sh c hapt ers exi ste d i n
.

P ari s fro m 1 7 3 9 h ol d i ng t h ei r consti t uti on s from t h e G ran d C hap

,

t er of D u bl i n c an n ot b e accepted T h ere i s n o evi den ce to su p

, .

p ort it a n d M ason ic aut h ori ti es rej ect i t h ol d i ng t h at a m u c h later

, ,

d at e m u st b e assign e d t o al l t h ese I ri sh degrees N or m ust w e con .

fuse th e O ri en t d e B ou i ll o n wi t h t hese s o cal l e d S cot s M ason s -

,

for th at was si m p ly a G ran d L o dge establ i sh ed i n L ux e m b urg years ,

afterward .

Wh at t h ese S cot s l odges taugh t n ob o dy k n ows an d n ob ody nee d

care R i tual s e x i st i n l am en tab l e p rofusi on b ut u n fort un ately t h ey
.
,

do n ot agree T hey are h owe ver al l per m eat e d wi th on e n oti on

.
, , ,

t h e absurdity of w h ic h wi l l S h ow t h e a b su rd ity of t h e system T h ey .

stat e t h at som e S cotti sh cru saders fou n d i n a vau l t t h e long l ost i n -

e ffab l e word an d t h at i n t h ei r searc h t h ey work e d wit h t h e sword

,
”
i n on e h an d an d t h e t rowel i n t h e ot h er T h i s ex p ressi on is take n
.

from t h e H eb rew acc ou nt of t h e b ui l d i ng of t h e S ec on d T e m pl e of

Zeru b b abel an d w h il e n atu ral en oug h as appl ied to b u il ders i s qu i t e
, ,

out of p l ace i n t h e case of me n ru m m agi ng i n som e su bterran ea n

“
passage T h e S to ry of t h e l ong l ost i n e ff ab l e w or d we m eet wi t h
‘

,
.

i n t h e A r a bi a n N zgnts w h ere we l earn t hat t h e k n owl edge of i t

,

m ade S ol om on t h e K i ng O f G en i i abl e t o p erform al l k i n d s of

, ,

m arvel s T h e A r a oia n N zgnts i s t he fi t pl ace for t h e sto r y I t

. .
 E A R LY H I S T O R Y O F T H E S CO T T I S H R I TE 1 813

m ust be re m em bered t oo t hat t h e tem pl e t hat th e Crusa d ers saw

, ,
’
was n ot S ol o m on s n or Zeru b babel s bu t H ero d s ere c te d a l i ttle
' ’

, ,

b efore t h e bi rt h of C h rist .

A t any rate relyi ng o n th i s fabl e th e S c ots M aster c l ai m e d to be

, ,

i n p ossessi on of t h e true secrets of Free m aso nry th e true hi story an d ,

t he real design s of t h e or d er H e cl ai me d also t o b e i n every way

.

sup eri or to t h e M aster M ason a n d t o h ol d vari o u s pe c ul iar pri vi l eges

, .

I n u tter c onte m p t for th e great p ri n ci pl e on wh i c h Freemasonry

i s foun d ed t h e p erfect equal i ty of al l i ts m e m b ers wi th a govern i ng
,

b o dy el ect ive a n d re presentat i ve t h e S cots M asters c lai m e d to ran k ,

before t h e W M of any l o dge eve n wh en t hey were only p resen t

. .

as v i sitors T h ey c l ai m e d t h e righ t to wear a d i st i ncti ve dress an d

.

t o rem ai n c overe d even i n a M ast er s L o dge T h ey cl ai m ed t o i m ’

.

part th e secret s O f t he E A F C an d W M d egrees personally

. .
, . .
, . .
,

a n d ei th er w i t h or wit hou t c erem ony as t h e wh i m sei z e d t h e m .

T hey woul d n ot i f t h ey were m e m b ers of a l odge perm i t anyon e

, ,

but oth er S c ot s M ason s t o S it i n j udgm e nt u p on t h e m M atters .

becam e st i ll worse w h e n t h e S cots Lo dges were grafte d on t h e

”
ord i n ary L o dges an d i ncrease d i n n u m b er a n d i n arrogance I n
, .

t h ese c ases t h e W M i n stea d of bei ng el ect e d by t he l odge w as

. .
, ,

n o m i n at e d by t h e S cots Lodge an d as was i nevi tab l e h e w as al m ost

, ,

al ways on e of t h e msel ves A ll questi on s of ri tual an d d oct ri n e were

.

d ec i de d by t h e S c ots L odge al l t h e fi nances were m an age d by t h e

,

S cots L odge i n fact al l t he govern i ng p owers were usurp ed by t he

,

S c ot s L o d ge . N ay t h e S cots L odge wen t so far as t o arrogat e t o

,

i tsel f al l t he p owers O f a G ran d L odge a n d as suc h to i ssue War ,

ran ts O f C on sti tuti on F rom t h e ex er c i se of t h ese p owers arose

.

t h e s o cal le d S c ots M ot h er Lodges wh i c h b ecam e so n u m erou s i n

-

France ea c h M ot h er L odge clai m i ng an d ex ercisin g t h e righ t of

,

grant i ng con st ituti o n s an d warrant s t o ot h er l o d ges an d O f d evel op ,

i ng syste m s O f degrees pec ul i ar to t he mselves a n d worked i n c hap ,

ters al l i n d epen den t O f ea c h oth er Fran c e i t h as b een sai d w as t he .

, ,

i n ven tor of al l t hese n ovelt ies an d th e m ost i m p ortan t of i ts S c ots

,

M ot her L o dges was t he o ne establ ish e d i n M arsei lles i n 1 7 5 1 u n d er

t h e t i tl e O f S t J oh n of S cotlan d T o gi ve i t so m e grou n d for cal l
. .

i ng i tsel f S cots i t professe d t o be fou n de d by a t ravel i ng S c otsman

, ,

a n d proceeded t o gran t warran ts t o a l arge nu m b er of l o d ges i n

F ran ce an d el sewh ere F rom i t d esc en d e d an oth er s o cal l e d M oth er

.
-

L o d ge t he M ot h er Lodge of t h e cou nty of V e n a iss i n wi th its seat

, ,
1 8 14 H I S TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

at A vign o n whi c h i n t urn becam e t he m oth er of t h e S cottish P h i l o

,

sop h i c R i te I n all t h ese n ew syst em s n ot on ly was t h e tru e origi nal

.

an d b eaut iful si m pl ici ty of t h e Craft overlai d a n d di sfigure d by fool

“
i sh l ege n d s a n d c h i l d i sh cere m on i es b u t to q uot e B r G oul d t h e
, .
,

gov ern i ng p ower is au tocrati c an d i rrespo nsi bl e a h i erarc hy i s ,

form e d t he h ighest cl ass rul es al l t h e ot h ers an d d i rec ts t h e l ower

, ,
"
c lasses wi th out app eal from t h ose b el ow i t Fran ce we h ave seen .
, ,

may be c o nsi dere d as t h e i n ve n tor of w hat a G e rma n h istori an of

“ "
M asonry cal l s t he lyi ng fi ct i on s of t he so cal le d H igh D egrees -
,

an d i n t h e 1 8 th ce nt ury as i n t h e presen t set t h e fash i on t o

, ,

E urope .T h e arc h i m postor B alsam o w h o calle d h i msel f t h e C ou n t

,

Cagl i ostro w as i n t h e h eight of h i s rep utat i on ,

, p reac h i ng t h e d oc
tri nes of h i s E gyp t ian M ason ry of wh i c h h e m a d e h i m sel f t h e
,

G ran d Cop h ta ; h i s du pes were person s of t h e h igh est rank an d ,

speedily a fl ood of i m beci l e m yst ic i s m overwh el m e d m ost of t h e

l odges o n t h e C on ti n en t of E u rop e From Fran ce i t spread t o .

G er m any an d t h e n a m e of i t s i n t roducer i nto t h e E m p i re i s gi ve n

,

as a C ou nt von S ch m ettau I n B erl i n th e m em bers of t he l odge

.

e n t itled t h e T h ree G l ob es erecte d a S cots L odge i n I 74 1 H am b urg ,

foll owe d wit h a S cots L odge or two i n 1 744 an d t h e S ax on c i ty of ,

L ei p z ig i n 1 74 7 an d t h e Free C i ty of F ran k fort foll owe d su i t i n

,

1 75 3 . I t i s stated t h at b etwee n 1 74 2 an d 1 7 6 4 n o fewer t h an forty

seve n suc h l odges were erecte d i n G erm an y T h ese S cots Lodges .
,

h owever were soon ab sorb e d by t h e C lerm on t syste m wi t h i ts l ow

,

c hap ter degrees wh i c h syste m i n i ts t urn w as a bsorb ed by t h e T e m

,

“ ”
pl ar syst em of S tri c t O b servan ce E ve n n ow so m e of t h ese
.
,

S cots L odges accor d i ng t o M r G oul d form t h e b asi s of t h e G erm an

, .
,
"
G ran d L odge S ystem s styl ed t h e ,I n n er O rie n t .

T o Fran ce an d to t h e S cots L odges i n Fran ce m u st b e assign e d

t h e m an u factu re of t hose n ew d egrees w h ic h c on n ected t h e S cots
M aso ns wi t h t h e K n igh ts T em pl ars a n d t h us gave l i fe to t h e w h ol e
system of T em pl aris m I t was an age O f d i sbel i ef an d c re d ul i ty
.
,

of sensual i ty a n d m ysti ci sm of t h e h ardest co m m on sen se an d t h e

,
-

wi ldest t om fool ery I t was an age of u n rest of d ecay a n d a l ong

.
, ,

i ng for a n ew b i rt h an d t h e teac h i ngs of h i story were scorned an d

, ,

every fabl e— t h e m ore i m p robabl e t h e b etter — was eagerly accepte d ,

t i l l m en real ly b el i eve d t h at th ere was som e foun d at io n for th e l e ~

e n d that t h e M i l i tary an d R el igi ou s O r d er of t h e T em pl e i n sp i te

g ,

of i ts h avi ng peri she d i n fi re an d b l ood h ad i n som e u n k n ow n way , ,

 E A R LY H I S TO R Y O F T H E S CO T T I S H R ITE 18 1 5

preserve d a germ of v ital i ty for som e four h u n dred years I n 1 74 1 .

a d egree cal led t h e K adosh degree represen ti ng t he V engean ce of ,

t h e T em pl ars was i n ven ted by t h e M ason s of Lyons an d h en ceforth

, ,

all t h e n ew ri tes o f Fren c h origi n c ontai n K n i ghtly an d al m ost al l

T em plar degrees t h e c on n ecti on b ei ng i n all i n stances form e d by
,

som e of t h e S cots d egrees T h e G e rm an H an d b ook e n u m erates

.

ov er si x ty eigh t su c h degrees i n vari ous rites an d i t i s probabl e

-
,

th i s l i st coul d b e ex ten ded Th e nam e S cott ish too i s assu m e d

.
, ,

by m any ri tes t o d esignat e t h e w h ol e system for i nstan ce t h e ,

S cott ish P h i l osop hi c R it e T h e a b ove m en ti one d syste m of t h e

.
-

c h apters of C l erm on t w as a T em pl ar cont i n uat ion of t he S cots

degrees an d grew i n t o t h e so call ed E m perors O f t h e E ast a n d
,
-

W est an d fi n al l y devel oped i n t o t h e A n ci e n t a n d A ccepted S cot

,

ti sh R i te
I t was on t h e C on ti n en t O f E u rop e th at t h ese i n n ovat i on s on t h e
'

si m pl e c erem on i es an d b en efic i al doctrin es of t he C raft S p read o ut

m ost l ux uri an tly U n der t h e assu m p ti on t h at t h e S cots lo dges
.

coul d i ssue warran t s of c onsti tut i ons wh ol e swarm s of i r r e s pon ,

si bl e l odges were form e d i n w h i c h t h e pri nci ples o f t he C raft were

,

l i ttl e c onsi dered From t h i s p eri o d m ay b e date d t h e en m ity O f th e

.

C h u rc h an d th e K i ngs of E urope t o any assoc i ati on t h at b ore t h e

n am e or cl ai m e d any a ffi l iati on wi t h t h e Free m ason s T h ere i s n o .

dou bt t hat m ost of t h ese l odges becam e p ol i ti cal cen ters of soc ial
an d p ol it i cal con sp i rators I n t h e h i erarchy of t h ese rites ea c h
.
,

cl ass i s sel f el ected an d t h us a d m i ts only th ose i t pl eases w hi l e t h e

-
, ,

lower classes have n o voi ce i n t h e man ageme n t of t h ei r a ff ai rs or i n

t h e el ecti on of t h ei r rulers .

O u r li m its wi ll n ot perm i t any very ex ten ded ref erence to t h e

vari ed c h anges i n t h ese so cal l e d H igh D egrees pri or to th e ful l
-

estab l i sh m en t of t h e A n c i en t an d A ccep ted R i te ; but we m u st

m en ti on t h e m ost i m p orta n t even ts t hat t h e reader m ay ap pre c i at e
,

t h e su bsequen t an d fi n al estab li sh m en t o f t h e A n ci en t an d A c
c e p te d S cot ti sh R it e w h i c h t ook its origi n as suc h i n C h arl es
, , ,

“
t on S C i n 1 8 0 1 an d t h e form ati on of t h e very fi rst
, . .
, , Su
p rem e Cou n c i l of G ran d I n spectors G en eral of t h e 3 3 d d egree i n ,

S ou t h C arol i n a wi t h C ol on el J oh n M itch el l S ov G ran d Co m

,
.

m an der .

From all t h e auth ori ti es w h i c h h ave b ee n ex am i n ed i n resp e c t ,

t o th e C h apter of C l erm on t t h e syste m of M ason ry th erei n p r ac

,
 1 8 16 H I S T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

ti ce d gi ve s n o defi n i te i nform at ion T h ory w h o wrote si x ty years .

,

su bsequ en tly states t h at C h eval i er d e B on nev i ll e fou n de d a c hap ter

,

o n N ov em b er 2 4 1 75 4 B roth er G oul d i n h is h i sto ry of t h i s

, ,

c hap ter de n i es t h e state m en t of T h o ry t h at V on H u n d t ook t h e

, ,

T e m pl ar d egrees i n t hat c h ap ter as h e h ad l eft Fran ce for t h e l ast

,

ti m e i n 1 743 or el e v en years p rev i ously an d erecte d h i s fi rst T e m

, ,

plar C hapter i n U n wurde i n 1 7 5 1 .

T h o ry al so says Th e C h apter was b ased on t h e t h ree degrees

of Freem ason ry a n d t h e S cots or S t A n drew degree an d work e d
, .
,

t h ree high er , t h e K n igh t of t h e E agl e or S el ect M aster ;

t h e I l l ustri ous K n igh t or T e m pl ar ; t h e S ub l i m e I l l u stri ou s
”
K n igh t .

T h e C h eval i er d e B on n ev i l l e m enti on e d ab ove i s p rob ab ly t h e

, ,

sam e p erson as t h e C ou nt d e B on n ev il l e w h o foun d e d i n 1 7 6 0 a

l odge i n t h e N ou v e ll e Fran c e n ear P ari s wh i ch i s d esc ri b e d as b e
, ,

1 n g b ri l l i ant ly c o n du cte d an d fr eque n te d by p erso ns of h igh rank .

T h e di ff eren ce i n t h e t i tl es giv en t o B on n evil l e can b e ex pl ai n e d b y

t h e ol d Frenc h syste m by w h ic h a you nger son was styl e d C h ev
al i er u nt i l by t h e deat h of ol der m em b ers of t h e fam i ly h e at
tai n e d t h e h igh er ran k of C ou n t an d suc h deat h s m ay h ave occurre d
,

be tween t h e tw o d ates of 1 7 5 4 an d 1 7 6 0 N ot m uc h i n form ati on .

can b e fou n d resp ect i ng t h e doi ngs of t h i s l odge creat ed by M d e .

B on n ev i ll e an d i t i s p rob ab l e t h at K l oss s opi n i on of i t referr i ng to

’

,
”
t h e E m p erors of t h e E ast an d W est i s t h e n earest t o t h e t rut h .

“
A s to the E m p erors of t h e E ast a n d W est an accou n t wi l l b e ,

gi ven l at er W h i l e t h e h isto ry O f t h e R i te as far as Franc e i s co n

.
,

cern e d i s ob scu re i t s h i story i n G erm any i s m ore i m p ortan t

, , .

W e wi l l n ow b ri e fl y state t h e M ason i c a ff ai rs of G erm any i n

“
c on n ec ti on wi t h t h i s C h apter of C l erm on t I n 1 7 4 2 t he m e m .

“
b ers of t h e T h ree G l ob es erec ted t h e S cots L odge U n i on to
work t h e fou rth or S cots degree T h e B aron V o n P r in tz e n was .
,

i n 1 7 5 0 —5 4 an d 1 7 5 7— 6 1 W M of t h e M oth er Lo dge T hree

, . .
-
“

G l ob es of B erl i n ; i e h e was ex ofi ci o G ran d M aster of al l t h e

. .
,
-

“
l o dges O f T h ree G l ob es I n 1 7 5 7 t h e Fren c h M arqu i s G abri el
.

T i l ly d e Le r n a is cam e to B erl i n as a p ri son er of war a n d i n 1 7 5 8 , ,

wi t h P r i n tz e n foun de d a c h apter of t h e th ree Cl erm on t degrees

, ,
“
graft ed u p on th e M ot her Lodge of t h e T hree G l ob es a n d t h e
-
,
"
S cots L odge U n i on O n J un e 1 0 1 7 6 0 t h is ch apter con st i
.
, ,

tu te d t h e c hapter
“
Sun at R ostock ; a n d on J uly 1 9 1 76 0 t ook , ,
 E A R LY H I STOR Y OF T H E S CO T T I S H R ITE 1 8 17

“
th e t itl e of P rem i er G ran d C hapter of C l erm on t i n G erm an y .

P h i l i p S am u el R osa w as ap p oi n te d to travel over t h e n ort h of

“
G erm any t o bri ng t he l odges u n der t h e c o ntrol O f t h e
, T h ree
G l ob es an d t o i n st it ute c h apters A fou rt h c h apter was con sti tute d
.

by R osa at S tetti n M arch 1 76 2 ; h e t h en sub sequ e ntly i n sti t uted

, , , ,

eight ot h ers i n d i ff eren t c iti es u n ti l i n J un e 1 7 6 3 h i s career was

, , , ,

t erm in ated b y bei ng ex pel l ed from t h e C raft h i s su c c essor S c h u

.

b art i n st i tute d t he l ast an d fi fteen t h G erm an c hapter of Cl erm on t

, ,

at M ag d ebu rg N ovem b er 2 7 1 76 3
, , .

I t h as b ee n t h ought by so m e wri ters t h at t h e n am e of C l erm on t

w a s deri ved from t h e C ol lege of J esui ts of t h at n am e B rot her .

G oul d h owever does n ot con c u r t h ere wi t h an d says :

, , I am u n ,
e

ab l e t o b el ieve t hat t h e J e sui t s coul d h ave con sente d to gl ori fy th e

K n ight s T e m plars n or can I see anyt h i ng n ew i n t hese degrees
, ,

b ei ng as t h ey were m erely am pl i ficati on s an d rearrangem e n t s of

, ,

previ ou s on es I prefer t o con si d er t h e ti tle a del icate com pl i m en t

.

t o t h e D uk e of C lerm ont G ran d M aster of Fren ch M ason ry fro m

,
1
1 743 t o
“ “
I nasm u c h as t h e K n ight s of t h e E ast w as a body of im .

prove d M ason ry ab ou t t hat peri o d i t become s prope r to gi ve ,

som e ac coun t of t hat organ i z ati on a n d w e are agai n i n deb ted t o ,

B rot h er G oul d ab ov e al l ot h er aut h ors for h i s very i m parti al e x a m i

n ati on i nt o t he h i st ory of n ot on ly th i s parti cu lar b ody bu t also ,

i n t h at con n ect i on al l of t h ose syst e m s wh i c h fl ooded t h e C ont i

n en t ab out t h e m i d dl e of t h e 1 8 th c en tu ry an d t oward t h e cl ose
of i t
.

Th e only real attem p t to arriv e at t h e facts i n regard t o t hi s ,

early system was m ade by D r K loss O th er wri ters h ad overl ook e d

, . .

th e separate ex i t en ce of M ason s w h o were cal l e d S overeign P ri n ce s

s “
,
” “
of M ason ry , eit h er con fusi ng t he m wi t h c ert ai n sp ecial d egrees of
ot her syste m s or t reati ng t h em as a n o ff sh oot of t h e E m p erors of
,

t h e E ast an d W est E ven t h e usually di ff use H a n a é u c/i i s e x c e s

.
’

Y e t i f K l os s s
’
si v e l y m eager i n t he i n form ati on wh i c h i t su ppl i es .

ex te nsi ve an d m i n ute researc h es are to b e g iv e n t h e i r j ust weight ,

i t i s t o th e ri val ry b etween t he K nigh ts an d t h e E mp erors t h at m ust

b e attri but e d t h e sorrowful p i c ture of d i sc or d presen te d by t he
G ran d L odge of F ran c e 1 7 6 0—8 0 , .

1
G ou l d, v ol . v .
, p .
95 .
1 818 H I S T O R Y O F FR E E M A SON R Y

In 1 t h e G ran d L odge of t h e m e m b ers of t h e C ha pter o f

75 4
C l erm on t h ad bee n fo un ded a n d i n t h e fol l owi ng year t h e G ran d
,

L odge of Fran c e ac kn owl edge d t h e p ri v i l eges w h i c h were cl ai m ed

to b e p ossesse d b y t h e s o cal le d S cotti sh M aso n s T h i s ac ti o n m ay
-
.

pro bab ly h av e b een wi t h a desi re to cou n terb al an c e t h e i n fl uen c e of

'

t h e C h apter of C ler m on t T h i s c hap ter see m s t o h ave b een de

.

c i d e dl
y of an aristoc rati c order a n d t o h ave en rol l e d as i ts m em b ers
,

o nly t h e h igh n ob i l i ty m e m bers of t h e C o urt ci rcl e h igh offi cers i n

, ,

t h e m i l i tary a n d ot h er p rofessi o n s reserve d t o n ob l es wh i l e al l l ess ,

favore d i n d i v i d ual s were refuse d ad m i ssi o n t o i t I t was a p eri od i n .

Fren c h h i st ory w h e n t h e l owe r n ob l esse an d t h e n o bl esse of t h e ,

rob e as t h e h igh est l awyers o r j u dges were en ti tl ed as d i st i ngu i sh ed

, ,

fro m t h e n obl esse of t h e sword t h e d esign at i on of t h e O l d fe u dal

,

n ob i l i ty wi t h i t s m i l i tary t radi t i on s were st ri v i ng t o o b tai n great

, ,

i n fl u e n ce a n d h igh er recogn i ti o n i n t h e soci al h i erarc h y I t was .

fro m t h i s c l ass of t h e l ower n o bi l i ty an d l ess h igh ly p lace d o ffi c i al s

t h at t h e assoc i ati o n of K n igh ts of t h e E ast P ri n c es an d S ove re igns ,

of M aso n ry w as for m e d i n 1 7 5 6 I t s se parate su b d i vi si o n t ook .

t h e n a m e of c ol l eges eac h o f w h i c h b ore t h e n am e of i t s p resi d e n t

, .

T h e c h i ef c oll ege was t h at of V al o i s of P aris I f t h i s c ol l ege fol .

l owe d t h e u sage of i ts fel l ow c ol l eges V al oi s m ust h av e b ee n a ,

m an w h o as yet re m ai ns u n di sc overe d U n der t h ese c i rc u m st an c es .

,

i t i s m ore prob a bl e t h at t h e n a m e i s t ak e n fro m t h e p rov i nc e of t h e

V al oi s adj oi n i ng t h e I sl e of Fran ce i n w h i c h P ar is i s si t u at ed an d
, , ,

wh i c h gav e i ts n a m e t o t h e royal fa m il y t h at sat on t h e th ro n e of

Fran ce from Fra nci s I t o H e n ry I I I . B e t h i s as i t m ay som e .
,

nam es of t h ese K nigh ts of t h e E ast survi v e an d t h ey c l earl y S h ow ,

t h at t h e associ at i o n w as recru it e d m ai nl y fro m t h e l o we r n ob i l i ty

an d t h e u p p er m i d dl e cl ass T h e occ urre nce of a n a m e l ik e B aro n
.

T sc h ad i i s n o ob j ecti on t o t h i s v i ew I n t h e fi rst pl ac e t h e n a m e
.
,

sh ows h e w as n ot a Fren c h m an an d i n t h e secon d pl ace t h e t i tl e

,

b aro n was t h at reserve d t o t h e ri c h er m e m b ers of t h e m ercan ti l e or

fi n an c i al cl ass .

T h e stat ut es of t h e R i te are e lab orat e ; on e art i cl e p rov i des t h at

t h e p osi t i o n of S overeig n sh al l b e h el d for t h e space of o n e year by
eac h m e m b er i n t urn A n ot h er art i cl e N O 7 d ecrees t h at t h e
.
, .
,

K n igh ts of t h e E ast are t h e h or n p ri n c es of t h e com pl ete ord er j ust ,

as t h e S c otti sh M ast ers are t h e G ran d S u p eri ors of t h e M ason i c

O rd er T h e n ex t arti c l e l ays d own t h e d oct ri n e t h at i f a K n igh t O f
.
 CH A P TE R II

TH E O R I GI N A L S UP R E M E CO U N C I L

H E v ery fi rst S up re m e C ou n c i l of wh i c h we h a v e
"

any k n owledge wh atev er e it h er by t radi ti on or

,

h i st ory was t h e o n e organ i z ed by J oh n M i tc h ell

, ,

Fre deri c D al c h o E m an u el D e L a M ott a A b ra

, ,

h am A l ex an der M a j or T B B owen a n d I srael

, . .
,

D el ie b e n at C h arl est on S C M ay 3 1 1 8 0 1
, , . .
, , .

“
T h i s w as a t ran sfor mat i o n of t h e form e r R i t e
of P erfecti o n or A n ci en t an d A c cep te d R it e
, .

T h e B ret h ren w h o con st i t uted t h i s n e w R i t e were al l m e m b ers

o f t h e sev eral C o n sti t u en t B o d ies w h i c h d eri ved t hei r M ason i c l i fe
, ,

a n d con s ti tu ted au t h ority fro m M ori n t h rough h i s D ep ut i es d u ly

ap p oi n t e d b y h i m t o p rop agate t h e R i te on t h e A m eri can C on t i
n en t or m ore ex t e n si vely t h e W estern H e m i sp h ere
, .

Th e p e digr ee i s as fol l ows M ori n c o m m i ssi on e d F r an c k e n an d ,

Fr an c k e n co m m i ssi on ed M oses M H ayes ; M oses M H ayes co m

. .

m i ssi o ne d B ar e n d M S p it z er an d t h e l atter o n A p ri l 2 1 795 c o m

.
, , , ,

m i ssi on e d J oh n M i t ch el l as D ep u ty I n sp ector G en eral reci t i ng i n -

,

h i s pate n t of co m m i ssi on t h at h e d oes so by au th ori ty of t h e C on

v e n ti o n of I n sp ect ors h el d i n P h i ladel ph i a J u n e 5 1 7 8 1
,
T h i s n ew , .

R i t e w h i c h cam e i nt o t h e worl d ap paren t ly ful ly devel op ed w as

, ,

real ly a t ran sfor m ati o n o f t h e R i te of P erfect i on .

T o S h ow c on cl u si vely as t o w h e n t h e S u p re m e C oun ci l O f t h e
3 3 d an d l ast d egree w as organ i z e d we are p erm i tte d t o fu rn i sh
,
”
h erewi t h a f a c s i nz i te c opy of t h e R egi ste r of t h e several b od ies
-

of t h e A A . . S . w h i c h m et i n t h e c i ty o f C h arlesto n ,

S C i n 1 802
. .
, . T h e origi n al i s i n t h e A rc h i ves of t h e S u pre m e
Cou nc i l of t h e S out h er n J u ri sdic t i on i n W ash i n g t o n D C , . .

1 820
 T H E OR I G I N A L S U P R E M E CO U N C I L 1 82 1

A N N U A L R E G I ST E R
or TH E

B R E TH RE N WHO COM POS E TH E

5 113 1 11111 1: G R A ND L ODG E or PER FE CT I O N -
OF
SO U TH -CA RO LI N A,
E ST A B LI S H ED A T CH A R L E S r oiaf a m to Luc i s 5 783
A L S O,

T H E LIS T O F T H E O
FFICE R S OF T H E
c aa N D CO UN CI L or P R IN C ES or J E R U SA LEM
O FFI CE RS O F T H E S O VE R E I N
G C H A PT E R
O F R OS E C R O I X D E H E R O B E N

O FFICE R S A N D M E M B E R S O F T H E G R A D
N
C ON S IS T OR Y ,

A ND

G R A N D I N S P E C TO R S G E N E R A L O F T H E

33 d DEGRE E .

H oe maxim e otfi cu , ut q i
u sq u e x
m a i me Op si i ndi gen t,
l ta ci
p otiss im urn opiru la r i . Tun .

R E G I S T E R FO R T H E Y E A R 5 3 9 :

C H A R L E S T O II ( S O UI H -C A R O L l U A )

9& 1 N T B D B OW E N , H O
‘
BY 1 Bo B R O A D' $ T R EBT
3, _
 H I S T O R Y O F F R E E M A S O N R Y
182 2

B Y T H E G LO R Y OF T H E GR A N D
A R CH ITE CT OF TH E U N KV E R S E .

'

mi
‘

3 r t n n n o.

Ofi eer a o f S unt m s G R A N D
the

Lop e z of P E RFE CT I ON of Sou th

Car oli na .

Sublime Gr and M ag/fer .

F R EDE R I C K D A I LC H O , n a ti ve of M ar y

ember of th e
.
a

land, D o fto r
'

o f M edi c in e, M .

M edical S o c i et y o f S o u th C a r o l in a , H enc

xar y M ember o f t h e C h e m i c a l a n d M ed i c! !
h il d l h i d o f th e P h y
S ocieties of P a a n o n e ..
a e p ,

l ft D if f ; 8 m 6 w
’

fi ci aas of he
t C h ar e o n p
'
e n a r y o .

a ed
"

e ar s, R “
fi x K H — P R S . . .

g 3 2
y
. . .
.

h !
f

l f
Sov Gr and I nfpeftor Ge n e r a o t e 33 1
.

de r ee and ie ut L e na n t G r a n d C o m m an d e r
g ,

for th e U nited S tates .

1 824 Ifl S T O R Y (N ? FR E E M A S O N R Y

t 5 )
Gr and Or ator
‘

and Keeper af tbe Sl ab .

J A M ES M OU LT RI E, na ive oft South

Car ol ina, D oébor of Medi ci ne P or t Ph yfi ci an ,
V i ce Pr e fident of the M edi cal S ociety of

S outlu Caroli na, and o ne of th e Phyfic ians of

th e Ch ar lefl on D i fpenfary, 8zc .

g a ed
3 8 ye ar s,

R a ifi x K H
. . .
—P . R S Sov
. . .
‘
Grand Infpe étor
G e ner al of th e
3 3 d degr ee

S ubl ime Gr and Tr ee/ur n

of N or th
J AM E S A LLIS ON , nati ve .

Britain, Cooper , aged 46 year s, R a fi ! ,

“

Subl ime Gr and Secr etarp

'

E T E R P R O Y S, native c i H ano
j o H N P .

ver , A c cou ntant, aged 3 3 year s, Pr in ce of

J er ufal em.

A LEX AN DE R PLA CI DE , native of

Bou rdeaux, M anager of the Char lefton i

Th eatr e, a ed
g 45 ye w, K He
.

P R. S .
T H E O R I G I N A L S U P R E M E CO U N C I L 1 82 5

Cap tain tbe Ge l-

t

P IE R R E R I G A UD, na i ve t of N antz ,
Plant er ofSai nt-Do i ngo, m a ed
g 3 1
year n,
“

K H c P R S o
fl o ,
.

Gr and Tyler .

D A VID LA B AT , na i ve of
t H ambur gh.
'

Stor e
keeper , aged 4 2 y ear s, Perfeéti on .

M ember r .

J OH N M ITCH ELL, Irel and,

nati ve of

J afli ce of th e or u m an d N otar y P ub li c .
Q
l ate a Li eu tenant-Col onel i n th e A m er i can
A r my, M e m ber Cinci nnat , and P all
i

of the

S ub li m e G r and M afi a a ed 6 0 y ear s

, g .

R i aiii x . K. H .
—
P . R . 8 S ay Grand
. .

Cr and :Comm ander for the United S tates .

m ore A S BA R TH O LO M EW BOWEN ;
native of ‘
Ir e and
l P r inte r , l ate M aj or in
‘

th
e A rnmi c an A r
m an d M em ber of th e Ci n
'

y
cin
nati Pall Sub lime Grand M ali er , aged d o s
1 82 8 H I S TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

( 9)
Infuranee Br oker, aged 2
7 year s, Secret

’
J BA N R EIGN E , native of Call ill on,
near Bour de aux, age d 3 0 years . X?

J OSEPH DI CKI N S ON , nati ve of S ou th

Car ol i na, InfpeEtor of E xports, l ate a Captai n
of I nfantr , a ed rs I n ti mate S ec r e
,
y g 33 y e a ,

"
f
'

J E A N j A CQU LS TH O M A S , nati ve o

London, M er chant , aged 4 2 year s, R X -

. ”

J A CO B D E LE ON , native of j am ai ca,
-

Commi fli on M er c h ant and A u fti oneer , aged .

3 8 year s, Intendn n t of t h e B u i ldi ng .

j E AN D E S B EA U X, native of Buz et,

CooPer , aged 3 7 y ear s, li X
’

FR AN CI S LOU V R IE R S AI NT M A R Y ,
native of N ever s, a ed Inti mate
g 39 y ear s,

S e cretar y .

P IE R RE j OSE PH M O R E , native of
Fontai n e, en Fr an c he Com te , S u rgeon, aged .

5 0 year s, Knight of the Ball and Well .

B
TH E OR IG IN A L S U PR E M E CO U N C I L 1 82 9

( IO )

ER EM IA H WILCOX, native of R hode

'

j -
.

aged 3 3 ye ars; P rovolt

‘
Ifiap d, Painte n and
‘
'

J udge .

G E O R GE E STILLE T, n ati ve of Ne
O r l ean s , aged 2 8 y ear s,i nti mate S ecr etar y;

i sA A C C AN TE R , nati ve Santa Cr oi x,
of

ed Knigh t o f th e
’

Améti oneer , a
g 3 3 year s,

J N H N CKLE Y M T CH E L n ative
~

OH I I ,

f S ou tt -
l ina, J nltie e of the Peac e , and
'

o at o

a ed 3 3
N ot ar y P ublic , ear s S ec r et M at
ter
g y , .

W I LLI A M A LE XAN D E R , nati ve of

S ou th Car oli n e, - ag ed 2 6 year s, Secret

M a ll et .

LE W IS T . R A Y N A L,n ati ve of S outh

C a olin a,A ceou nta nt, a
r ed 2
g
‘

4 years,Eleéted

J OH N B AN KS, na i ve of
t E ngl and, A c
nou ntan t, aged years, Inti mate S ec retar y
‘

3 0 .

M O R R IS G OLDS MITH , na tive of

1 83 0 H IS TOR Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

In )
London . Merchant, aged 21 y ear s, S ecr et

j OH N BI LLE A UD, nati ve of Saint .

Sez ai r e , en Xaintonge, aged

3 0 years.
E le fi cd of Fi fteen;

T H OM A S N A P IE R , na ive t of N or th “

Britain, M erch ant ,

a ed
g 3 0
y ear s, Knigh t of

the E3 “.

E M A N U EL CA N TO R , na tive of Santa
Cr oix . M er ch ant, age d 3 0 year s, Int imate.

H onor ar y M cmén 1 .

H i s R oya l H i ghnefs CH A R LE S , H er e .

'

n y P r ince of tl1 e S vvedes, G ot h s and

(lita
’

Vandals . D uke of S u den nania, H ei r of

N or way , D uke of S l efwick , H ol fiein, St or

‘

m a
rr i e a nd D ittmar c he, Count of O l den b u rg
an d D el m enhor fl G r an d Adm ir al
. of S w
'

eden,
Vi ew of Sol om on the 2th and 9th Br o?
of

Vi nc e , an d N ational Gr a nd M elli e:
. of th e

Kingdom of S weden, R g . m . K . H .“
( 83 2 H I S TOR Y FR E E M A S O N R Y

( t
a )

Pennfvl ve nia, a ed
g 5 0
year s, l ate Gr and
M ail er of the S ta te of Pc nf l vania, E s fi
'

y . x.

K IL
.
‘

—P . R S
“

S A M U EL M YER S . na ti ve of

Y or k M er c h ant of Vi rgi nia, agcd

'

. ,
.
43
Rs . K H —P R S . .
:
. . .

M OS E S M I CH A E L H A YE S . na t i ve of
M e r ch a nt, I
O R
K H 0 o
- P R 3;
o 4
TH E OR IG I N A L S U PR E M E CO U N C I L

A D D R E S S

t o noct on r nt naamn DA LCE

-

Q,

E efi S T-BA Y .

Cn a nnas‘r o ar , (Sm a cm
a
C OQ Q M I QO OQ
‘'

The S ubli me Gr and Lod e meet: at

g . the
I nefi ahte Lod e R oom M eeti
g , ng ftr eet, ever
y
.

o th er S atu r da eni n
’
y ev
g at fi x o ci oc lft, fr om
th e A u t u m nal to t he Ve r nal Equ inox, and on
th e :fi r fi: S at u r da
y i n ever y month at; {even
 834 H I S TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y
1

( i s ?
x v- s‘ x r )
wv 1

3 7 1 m; 0 ? (
G LO R Ym p G R A N D .

V E R S E
“ ma n ner 0 ? T H E U N I ,
.

mi 1. r u mb a ,

H E A LT H .
“

ST A B I L I TY A N D P O WE R .

ofi
’

G r an d Cou nci l of P ri nce s

Officer s of the
om h -Car oli n a A : L s8 m
J mf l m M S
. .
e ai e ,

J OH N W T CH E LLe- N e ft E qui
ILL B aa
. .

tabl e;

LCH O —S i m
DR FR ED E R l CK D A
“ cn
.

M on En li ghtene d .

I S A A C A U Lfi j
- u n or i M OP En
Du
a .
.

li gh te ne d;

A BR A H A M A LE X A N D ER —K b . .

S O LO M ON m a st - Gr and Cu te :

an d K p
e e er o f th e S exism

ELI EB EN c - mfi Tr ea
BR A EL D
( m es,

BE E —C z an d S etzf czaty
‘
-
.

IO SEP H l

fl at
A I m AN D m ELA CI p l i a er

c er emonies;
1n
'

“a t ”l .
1 8 36 H I S TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

17

XVIII .

N A M E OF T H E M OST H OLY
'

A N D U N D I V ID E D TR IN IT Y
'

Offi cers of th e S over eign Chapter of)

R afe Cr oix dc H er eden, i n South-Car oli na,

A . D.

Sover eign .

Dt .
~
F R E D E R I CK D M CH O —M ‘
. E . P.

S eni or W a r d en .

Dr . I SA A C A U LD - M . E . P J unior
. Wat-1

M AN UE L DE LA MOTT A —Gr and

A B R A H A M ALE XA ND E R - G r and S aet eo

m y,

M5 8 0? T .
, B
‘

. B OWE NL Gr and — M ail er of

Gr and Tyler ( Vacant )

C
TH E OR IG IN A L S UPR E M E CO U N C I L

a ffim Lod e R oom a t M ama» on t

r »

g , be day
ff Me A nnual Feafl , Sh ow Tue/da , Tat da
y / y
af ter E afi er
, the day o Afi ei
f fi an, zbe day qf
w
P enfi r , al l Sami ; da and tbe
y twaflflwak d

E. P . W.
1 83 8 H I S TO R Y O F F R E E M A S O N R Y

AD GLOR I AM DEL

Knights (i f K H . . and M emb ers of th e Gr and

Confi fi or y of Pr i nces of th e R oyal Secr et in
S ou th Car ol i na, A
~ . L 5 802
. .

Cox .
J OH N M ITCH ELL—T Ill . . G r and Corn
m ander .

DR . FR ED ER ICK D ALCH O—T I Lieutenant . .

G r an d Com m an der .

J OS EPH J A H A N —T . 1 Lieutenant Gr and Com-

.
r

m ander .

Dz .
J A M ES M OU LTR IE —M i ni ftcr of S tate .

and Gr and Of atfl r

Dn M ICH AE L FR ON T Y
.
fi -Or and CIU D C'BIICY

E M A N U EL DE LA M OT TA —
‘
O n nd T t eaftrr cs .

ABR A H A M A LE XA N DER Gr i nd Sat u r n] .

P I E R R E B OU Y S S OU —
Ot and M afi a A m b i tea

DR . I S A A C A U LD ~ —f t an Gm n l
1 3 1m m. DE Ll EBEN —Kd p z cr e m .. Seals w en
A J CHIVCA .
Mu ng T .

'
B BO WEN ~ Gmnd M arfi er ~
of Cartr
morl ifs f.
m ak e m e AU D- Capu in or the Gu ards
 H I S TO R Y OF FR E E M A S O N R Y

( z! )

( XVH- n to - XXJ UII inc ) .

ab imgentir
’

n r v s M E U M QM ms .

O R D O A B CHA D .

Supr em e Cou nc il of Gr an d I nf
p e él or s Ge ne r al of th e
33 d
degr ee , i n S ou th -Car oli na .

COL ON E L J OH N M ITCH E L—S ov . G rand

Com mander .

DR . FR E D ER ICK DA LCH Om Lieutenant

.

Grand Commander .

E M A N U EL DE La M OTTA c -Il l. Tr ee .

h H E m pi re
fur er Ge ner al of t e
'

. .

AB R A H A M A LEXA N D E R - i l l Secr etary .

General of the H E mpire

. .

M A JO R T B BO WE N —
. . ML Gr and M all“ .

of Cer emonies
—S
.

ISR A EL DELIE B EN O V. can

Gener al .
1 8 42 H IS TO R Y OF FR E E M A S O N R Y

23

R epr ej entati ve in Sai nt fl oflffflgo

'
f
.

AU GU ST U S D E GR A S S E—Sov Gr and .

Comm and er f or the Fr ench WeIU ndies.

Council; ar e bald a t {be barf/e f M e Gr and

o

Commander of M er id ia n, ev er y tbi r d ne w

Mm , r eckoning f r om {be new M oon in M 11] .

Cd
‘

c am.
‘

8
-

£M ] Gener al
f 5
o £0

H -i Empi r a .
 CH A P T E R III

TH E SC OT T I S H R ITE IN TH E UN ITE D STA T E S

CO U N C I L
of P r i nc es of j e rusal e m was duly
c onsti tu t e d i n C harl e st on Fe brua r y 2 0 1 7 8 8 , , ,

an d B rot h e rs J os e p h M e y e rs B e h r e n d M , .

S p i t z e r an d A F orst i nstal l e d th e O ffi c e rs

, . .

N otwi t hstan d in g t hat i n pl an ti ng th e S cot

“
t i sh R i t e or as i t was t h e n k n own th e R i t e
, , ,
”
of P e rf e cti on i n many S tat e s by th e ap poi nt , ,

m e n t of I n sp e ctors w h o h ad o nly r e c e i v e d wh at was at t h at e arly

,

dat e r e cogn i z e d as th e 2 5 th D e gr ee or P ri n c e of th e R oyal S e

cr e t th e R it e w as only work e d i n C harl e ston I n con s e qu e nc e
, .

of th e z e al of th e B r e t hr e n i n t h at city an d t h e i r d e vot i on to th e
R i t e w e o we th e foun dat i on of th e first b odi e s as sh own i n th e
, ,
“
fac si m i l e s gi v e n th e last on e b e i ng th e S u pre m e C ou n ci l of th e
-
,

3 3 d an d l ast d e gr ee of th e A n ci e n t an d A cc e pt e d S cott i sh R i t e ,

M ot h e r S u p r e m e C oun ci l of th e W orl d
-
A c ou n ci l of K n ight s .

K a d os h was organ i z e d i n P h i l ad e l p h i a i n 1 796 by M ason s wh o ,

w e r e r e fug ee s fro m S an D om i ngo d uring th e n e gro i n su rr e cti on on ,

t hat i sl an d T h i s b ody soon c e as e d t o e x i st i n con se qu e nc e o f th e

.
,

re t urn of th e B r e t h r e n t o t h at i sl an d v e ry soon aft e r i ts organi z ati on .

I n N e w Y ork i n 1 7 97 a c h apt e r of R os e Croi x w as i nstit ut e d

, , .

I n 1 7 92 i t i s sai d a L odg e of P e rf e cti on was form e d at B al ti

m or e M d by H e nry W il m an s
, .
,
1
T h e r e i s n o c e rt ai nty as t o h i s
.

aut h ori ty for suc h e stabl ish m e nt B rot h e r E dward T S c h ul t z giv e s. .

a l ist of s e v e n ty S i x m e m b e rs T h e r e wa s al so a L odg e of P e r fe c
-
.

ti on at A l b any N V wh i ch w as i n accord wit h th e sym bol ic

, . .
,

l odge an d at on e t i m e h ad th e sam e B roth e r for M ast e r ; an d w e

,

n oti c e also t hat th e sym b ol i c l odg e s i n P h i l ad e l p h i a w e r e i n u n i on

2
wi th th e L odg e of P e rf e cti on i n t h at ci ty .

1
His tory of M a son ry b y E d w T S ch u l tz , vol v i , p 1 5 5 5
, . . . . . .

2 T he r
e i s a n ol d vol u m e i n th e a rch iv e s o f th e S u p r e m e Co u n c i l of th e S ou th e rn

J uri s d ic ti on w hich c on t a in s th e h i s tory o f S ub l i m e F r e e M a s on ry i n th e U n it e d S ta t e s

,
-

1 843
1 8 44 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

Aci rcul ar wh i ch w e gi v e i n part b e l ow w as i ssu e d by th e

, ,

S up r e m e C ou n ci l at C h arl e ston ( adopt e d O ct ob e r 1 0 u n der ,

dat e of D e c e m b e r 4 1 8 0 2 an d cop i e s w e r e s e n t t o e v er y G ran d

, ,

L odg e th e n i n e x ist e nc e i n th e U n it e d S tat e s an d al so i n oth e r

cou n tri e s .

Ci r c u l a r

A s S oci e ty
i m prov e d an d as di sc ov e r i e s of ol d r e cord s w e r e
,

m ad e th e n u m b e rs of ou r d e gr ee s w e r e i ncr e as e d u n ti l i n progr e ss
, , ,

of ti m e th e syst e m b e cam e co m pl e t e
, .

“
F ro m suc h of our r e cor ds as a r e au th e n tic w e ar e i n form e d ,

of th e e stab l i sh m e n t of th e S u bl i m e an d I n e fi ab l e d e gr e e s of M a '

s on r y i n S cotlan d F ran c e an d P ru ssia i m m e di at e ly aft e r t h e cru

, , ,

sad e s B u t fro m som e c i rcu m stan c e s wh ic h t o u s ar e u n k n own

.
, ,

aft e r th e y e ar 46 5 8 t h e y f e l l i n t o n e gl e ct u n ti l th e y e ar 5 744 wh e n ,

a n ob l e m an fro m S cotlan d v isi t e d F ran c e an d r e e stabl ish e d the -

Lodg e of P e rf e cti on i n B ord e au x .

“
I n 5 7 6 1 th e L odg e s an d C ou n ci l s of th e S up r e m e d egr e e s
b e i ng e x t e n d e d t h rough ou t th e Conti n e n t of E u rop e h i s M aj e sty ,

th e K i ng of P ru ssi a as G ran d C o m m an d e r of t h e O r d e r of P ri nc e
,

of th e R oyal S e c r e t was ack n owl e dg e d by al l th e Craft as th e h e a d

,

of th e S u b l i m e an d I n e fi abl e d egr e e s of M ason ry t h rough out th e

'

t wo h e m i sp h e r e s H is R oy a l H ig h n e ss C h arl e s H e r e di tary P ri nc e
.
,

of th e S w e d e s G ot h s an d V an dal s D uk e of S u d e r m a n ia H e i r of
, , , ,

N o rway was an d sti ll c on t i n u e s th e G ran d C om man d e r an d p r otec

, ,

t or of th e S u b l i m e M asons i n S w e d e n ; an d h i s R oyal H igh n e ss

L ou i s of B ou rbo n P ri n c e of th e B l ood D uk e d e C h artr e s an d th e
, , ,

C ard i n al P ri n c e an d Bi sh op of R ou e n we r e at t h e h e ad of t h e s e ,

d e gr e e s i n F ranc e .

“
O n th e 2 5 th of O ctob e r 5 76 2 th e G ran d M ason i c C on stitu , ,

t i on s w e r e fi nal ly rati fi e d i n B e rl i n an d procl ai m e d for th e gov e rn

m e n t of al l th e L odge s of S u bl i m e an d P e rf e ct M ason s C hap t e rs , ,

C ou n ci ls C oll e g e s an d C o n sistori e s of th e R oyal an d M i l itary art

, ,

of F r e e M ason r y ov e r th e surfac e of th e two h e m isp h e r e s T h e r e

-
, .

ar e S e cr e t C on st it ut i on s wh ic h h av e e x i st e d from ti m e i m m e m orial
, ,

an d a r e al l ud e d t o i n t h e s e i n stru m e nt s .

of ri c a B e ing a C ol l e c t ion o f all th e O ffi ci a l D oc u m e n ts w h ich h a v e a p p ea r e d on

Ame .

b oth s id e s o f th e q u e s t ion w i th N o t e s a n d an A p p e n dix B y J os e p h M c c osh Ch a rl e s t on

.
, ,

S C . .
,
1 8 46 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

A m e ri ca T h i s h igh H on or was con f e rr e d on B rot h e r M M

. . .

H ay e s wi t h th e p ow e r of appoi nt i ng ot h e rs wh e r e n e c e ssary
, , .

B rot h e r M ori n al so ap poi n t e d B roth e r F ran ki n D e p uty I ns p ec

tor G e n e ral of J a maic a an d th e B ri tish L e e ward I sl an ds an d
-
,

B rot h e r C ol on e l P r ove st for th e W i n dward I slan ds an d th e B ri t

i sh A rmy .

B rot h e r H ay e s app oi n t e d B rot h e r I saac D a C osta D e p uty I n

sp e ctor G e n e ral for t h e S tat e of S ou th Carol i n a wh o i n th e y e ar , ,

5 7 8 3 e stab l ish e d th e S ubl i m e G ran d L odg e of P e rf e ct i on i n C h arl e s

,
’
ton A ft e r B roth e r D a C osta s d e at h B roth e r j os e p h M y e rs was
.
,

ap p oi n t e d D e p uty I n sp e ctor Ge n e ral for h i s S tat e by B ro H ay e s -

, .
,

w h o al so h ad p r e vi ously app oi n t e d Brot h e r C ol on e l S ol om on B u sh

, ,

D e p I nsp G e n for th e S tat e of P e n nsyl van i a an d B ro B ar e n d

. . .
, .

M S p i t z e r to th e sam e rank for G e orgi a wh i c h w as c on fi rm e d by

.
,

a C on v e n t i on of I n sp e ctors w h e n c on v e n e d i n P h i lad e l p h i a on th e ,

i sth of J u n e 5 7 8 1 , .

O n th e I st of M ay 5 7 8 6 th e G ran d C onst itut i on s of th e T h i rty

, ,

T h i r d D e gr e e cal l e d t h e S up r e m e Cou n ci l of S ov e r e ign G ran d I n

,

sp e ctors G e n e ral was rati fi e d by h i s M aj e sty th e K i ng of P russia

, ,

w h o as G ran d C om man d e r of th e O rd e r of P ri n c e of th e R oyal

S e cr e t p oss e ss e d th e S ov e r e ign M ason ic p ow e r ov e r al l th e Craft
, .

I n th e N e w Con sti tuti on t h i s P ow e r w as con f e rr e d on a S u pr e m e

Cou n ci l of N i n e B r e t h r e n i n e ac h n ati o n wh o p oss e ss al l t h e ,

M ason i c p r e rogat i v e s i n th e ir own d i stri ct t h at h i s M aj e sty i n di v i d

'

u all
y p oss e ss e d a n d a r e S ov er eign s of M a s on r y
, .

O n th e 2 0th of F e b 5 7 8 8 th e G ran d C ou nci l of P ri n c e s of .

, ,

J e rusal e m w as op e n e d i n t h i s Ci ty ( C harl e ston S at w h i ch , .

w e r e p re s e n t B ros J M y e rs D I G for S ou t h Carol in a B M

. .
, . . .
, . .

S p it z e r D I G for G e orgi a an d A F orst D I G for V i rgi n ia

, . . .
, .
, . . . .

S oon aft e r th e op e n i ng of th e C oun ci l a l e tt e r was addr e ss e d to h i s ,

R oyal H igh n e ss th e D uk e of O rl e an s o n th e su bj e ct r e qu e sti ng

, , ,

c e rtai n r e c ords from th e A rch i v e s of th e S oc i e ty i n F ranc e wh ic h ,

i n h i s an sw e r t h rough Col S h ee h i s S e cr e tary h e v e ry p ol i t e ly .

, ,

p rom i s e d t o tran sm i t b u t w h i c h th e c o mm e nc e m e n t of th e F r e n c h
,

R e vol uti on m ost u n fortu n at e ly pr e v e n t e d .

“
O n th e 2 d of A u g 5 7 95 B rot h e r C ol on e l J oh n M i tch e l l l at e
.
, , ,

D e p Q uart e r M ast e r G e nl i n th e A rm i e s of th e U n i t e d S tat e s was

. .
,

m ad e a D e p I n s G e n l for th i s S tat e by B ro S pi t z e r wh o act e d i n

. . . .
,

cons e q u e nc e of B ro M y e rs re m oval out of th e C ou n t ry

.
’
.
 S CO T T I S H R IT E IN TH E U N IT E D S TA TE S I S4 7

B ro M it ch e l l was re stri ct e d from ac ti ng u n ti l a ft e r Bro S pi t

. .

z e r s d e ath wh i c h took plac e i n th e succ ee d ing y e ar

'

, .

A s m any B r e t h r e n of e m i n e n t d egr e e s had arri v e d from F or

e ig n parts consi stori e s of P ri nc e s of th e R S w e r e occ a si on a l l y
, . .

h e l d for i n it i at i on s a nd oth e r p u rp os e s .

O n t h e 3 I s t o f M ay 5 8 0 1 t h e S upr e m e C ou nc i l of th e T h i rty
, ,

t h i rd d e gr ee for th e U n i t e d S tat e s of A m e rica was op e n e d wi th th e

high h on ors of M ason ry by Brot h e rs J oh n M i tc h e l l an d F re d e rick
,

D al c h o S ov : G r : I nsp : G e nl
, an d i n th e c ours e of th e pr e s e n t
.

y e ar th e w h ol e n u m b e r of G ran d I n sp e ctors G e n e ral was com pl e t e d ,

agr ee ab ly t o th e G ran d C onstitu ti on s .

O n th e a r st of J an uary 5 8 0 2 a Warrant of C on sti tut ion p ass e d

, ,

th e S e al of th e G ran d C ou n c il of P ri n c e s of J e rusal e m for th e e s

ta b l is h m e n t of a M ast e r M ark M ason s L odg e i n t h i s C i ty ( C h arl e s
’

ton S , .

“
O n th e z r s t of Fe b ruary 5 8 0 2 O u r I l l ustri ous B roth e r C ou nt
, , ,

A l e x andr e F rancoi s A ugu st e D e grass e D e p uty I nsp e ctor G e n e ral , ,

was ap p oi n t e d by th e S up r e m e Cou n ci l a G ran d I n sp e ctor G e n e ral ,

an d G ran d Com m an d e r of th e Fr e n c h W e st I n d i e s ; and ou r I ll u s -

tri ons Brot h e r J e an Bapti st e M ari e D e La H ougu e D e p I nsp

, , .

Gen l was al so r e c e i v e d as an I n sp G e n l an d app oi nt e d Li e ut

.
, . .

G ran d C om m an d e r of t h e sam e I slan ds .

O n th e 4th of D e c e m b e r 5 8 0 2 a W arran t of C onst ituti o n , ,

p ass e d th e s e al of th e G ran d C oun ci l of P ri nc e s of J e rusal e m for ,

th e e stab l ish m e n t of a S u b l i m e G ran d L odg e i n S avan nah G e orgi a , .

TH E N A M E S OF TH E M A S ON C I D E G R EE S A RE AS FO LLO W S, VI Z

I st d e g r e e, c a l l e d E n t e re d A p p re n ti ce .

2 d F e ll o w C r a ft . Gi v e n i n th e Sy m b oli c Lod g es .

3d M as t e r M ason .

4 th Sec re t M a s t e r .

sth P e r f ec t M a s t e r .

6 th I n t i m a t e S e c r e t a ry .

7 th P r o v os t a n d J u d g e .

8 h t I n t( n d a n t 0 f t h e B m Id m g
' '

i G i v e n m th e S u b l i m e G r an d
.

E l e c t e d K n i g h t s of 9
.

9th
u
.

L0d g e
I ot h I ll u s t r i o u s E l e c t e d o f 1 5 .
.

I r th S u b l i m e K n ig h t E l ec t e d .

r a th G r a n d M a s te r A r c h i tec t .

1 3 th R oya l A r c h .

1 4th P e rf e c t i o n .
1 8 48 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y
1 5 th d e g r e e , ca l l e d i
K n g h t s o f th e E a s t . G i v e n b y th e P r i n c e s o f J e r u s a l e m ,
1 6 th i
P r n c e of J e r u s a l e m . w h i c h i s a g o v e r n i n g Cou n c i l .

r yth K n ig h t of th e E as t a nd Wes t .

i 8 th Sov e re g n P r i i n c e of R o s e C r oi x de
H e r e d om .

G r a n d P o n t i ff .

Gra n d M as t e r of a ll y
S m bo li c
Lo d g e s .

Pa t r iarch N oa c h i t e, or C h ev a li e r
P r u s s ia n .

P r in c e of Li b a n u s .

Ch i e f o f th e le T a b e r n ac . Gi v e n b y t h e Cou n c il
P r i n c e o f th e T a b e r n a c l e . of G r a n d I n s p e c t o r s ,

P r i n c e of M e r c y . wh o a r e S o v e r e i g n s
K n i g h t of th e B r a z e n S e r p e n t . of M a s o n r y .

Com m a n d e r of th e T em pl e .

K n ig h t of th e S un .

K nig h t of S t A n d r ew
. .

G ra n d I n q u i s i tor Co m m a n d e r .

S u b l im e P r i n c e o f t h e R oy a l S e c r e t
i n c e of M a s on s
Pr .

Sov e r ei g n G ra n d I n s p e c t or s Gen
e ral O ffi c e r s a p p oi n t e d for li f e
. .

B e si d e s th e
d egr ee s wh i ch a r e i n r egular succ e ssi on m ost of
, ,

t h e i nsp e ctors a r e i n poss e ssi on of a n u m b e r of d e tac h e d d e gr ee s ,

gi v e n i n di ff e r e n t part s of th e worl d an d w h i c h t h e y g e n e rally com ,

m a n icat e fre e of e x p e n s e to t h os e b r e t h r e n w h o ar e h igh e n ough

, ,

t o u n d e rstan d th e m S u ch as S e l e ct M asons of 2 7 a n d t h e R oya l

.

A rc h as gi v e n u n d e r t h e C on st i tu ti on of D u bl i n S ix d e gr e e s of .

M ac on n e r ie D A d o p tio n C o m pagn on E c ossais L e M ai tr e E cossai s

’

, ,

an d Le G ra n d M ai tr e E cossai s m ak i ng i th e aggr egat e 5 2 d e ,

n

g ree s .

“
T h e Com m i tt e e r e sp e ctful ly su b m i t to t h e con si d e rati o n of
th e C ou n ci l th e ab ov e r e p ort on t h e p ri n ci pl e s an d e stabl ish m e n t of
th e S u bl i m e d e gr e e s i n S out h Carol i na e xt ract e d from th e A rc h i v e s

of th e S oci e ty T h e y can n ot h ow e v e r concl u d e wi t h out e x p r e ss

.
, ,

i ng t h e i r ard e n t wish e s for t h e p rosp e ri ty an d d ign i ty of t h e i n s titu

t i on ov e r w h i c h t hi s S up r e m e Cou n ci l pr e si d e ; an d t h ey fl att e r
t h e m s e l v e s that i f any u n fa vorabl e i m pr e ssi on s h av e e x i st e d a m ong
th e B r e t h e r n of t h e B l u e d e gr e e s from a wan t of a k n owl e dg e of th e ,

pri nc ip l e s an d prac tic e s of S u bl i m e M ason ry i t wil l b e do n e away, ,

1 8 50 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

T he maj or part of t h i s c i rc ular r e ci t e s th e h i st ory of M ason ry ,

as g e n e ral ly un d e rstood at t h at e arly day an d wh ic h we o m i t con , ,

fin i ng ou r e x tracts t o t hat part wh ic h r e f e rs only t o th e A zA zA zS zR .

T h e S u p r e m e C ou n ci l havi ng b ee n t hus e stabl i sh e d a n d m ad e

,

k n own to t h e wh ol e worl d of M aso nry i s th e m ot h e r of al l t h e ,

ot h e r r e gul ar S up r e m e C oun ci l s w hi c h hav e si n c e b ee n organ i z e d

e i t h e r i m m e d iat e ly or m e di at e ly by h e r aut h ority .

T h e coun ci l i n C h arl e sto n con f e rr e d t h e 3 3 d D e gr e e on C ou n t

d e G rass e T i ll e y H ac q u e t an d d e l a H ogu e ; an d t h rough t h e s e
, ,

B re t h r e n by th e aut h ori ty of l e tt e rs pat e n t dat e d Fe b ruar y 2 1 1 8 0 2 , ,

w e r e e stab l ish e d th e S u p r e m e Cou n c i l s of F ranc e an d al so of th e

Fr e n c h an d E ngl ish W e st I n d ia colon i e s I l l ustri ous d e G rass e
.

T i ll ey i nstal l e d t h e S upr e m e C ou nci l of F ran c e on D e c e m b e r 2 2 ,

1 8 0 4 at P aris
, T h i s w as th e fi rst an d o nly S u pr e m e C oun ci l e stab
.

lis h e d i n Fran c e ma ny y e ars su b s e qu e n tly i t was d i vi d e d i n to two

b ran c h e s i n c ons e qu e nc e of th e d i ss e n si on h e r e tofor e m e n ti on e d ;
,

o n e was call e d th e S up r e m e C ou n ci l of F ran c e an d th e oth e r th e ,

S u pr e m e C ou nc i l of th e G ra n d O ri e n t of F ranc e B ot h of t h e s e .

bod i e s a r e st il l i n e x ist e nc e ; th e form e r o nly h ow e v e r i s i n r e la , ,

ti ons of c om i ty wit h th e M oth e r S u p re m e Cou n ci l an d al l th e ot h e r ,

r e gul ar S u p r e m e Coun c ils of th e worl d T h e S up r e m e C ou n ci l of

.

th e G ran d O ri e n t i s n ot so .

T h e S u pr e m e C ou n ci l s of I taly N apl e s S pai n an d th e N e t h e r

, , ,

lan ds w e r e also e stabl ish e d by d e G rass e T i l l e y .

O n ly on e S u p r e m e C ou nci l of th e 3 3 d D e gr e e can e x i st i n e ac h
'

nati on or ki ngdom ( by A rti cl e V of th e G ra n d Co nsti t uti on of

.

two i n th e U n i t e d S t at e s of A m e rica as far as p ossi bl e o n e ,

fro m t h e oth e r ; on e i n the B ri t i sh I slan ds of A m e rica an d o n e ,

al so i n th e F r e n ch c ol on i e s .

T h e fi rst S up r e m e C ou n ci l at C h arl e ston S C b e gan i ts l a b ors , . .

,

on M ay 3 1 1 8 0 1 as h e r e i n b e for e stat e d an d its j uri sdi ct i on cov e r e d

, , ,

al l of th e U n i t e d S tat e s of A m e r i ca u nt i l A ugust 5 1 8 1 3 at w h i c h
, , ,

d at e t h e S u pr e m e C ou n ci l of th e A n ci e n t an d A cc e pt e d S cotti sh
R i t e of Fr e e mason ry for t h e N ort h e rn J u ri sdi ct i on of th e U n i t e d
S tat e s was e stab l ish e d by sp e c ial D e p uty E m man u e l de l a M otta
at N e w Y ork T h i s S u pr e m e C oun ci l was su b sti tut e d for th e
.

G ran d Con si story of S u bl i m e P ri nc e s of th e R oyal S e cr e t 3 2 d ,

D e gr e e . Broth e r D D T om pk i n s V ic e P r e si d e n t of th e U n i t e d
. .
,
-

S tat e s of A m e rica was M P S G ran d C om m an d e r

, . . . .
 S CO T T I S H R IT E IN TH E U N IT E D S TA TE S 1 85 1

At a lat e r p e ri od th e se at of th e N ort h e rn S up re m e C ou n
ci l was ch ang e d to Boston T h e j urisdicti on of th e N ort h e rn S u
.

pr e m e C ou n ci l i ncl ud e d al l th e n ort h e rn an d n ort h e a st e rn S tat e s

e ast of t h e M i ssissi pp i R iv e r v i z M ai n e N e w H am psh i r e V e r
, . .
, ,

m ont M assac h us e tts R h od e I slan d C on n e ctic ut N e w Y ork N ew

, , , , ,

J e rs e y P e n n syl va n ia M i c h igan O h i o I n d iana I l l i n ois an d Wi s

, , , , , ,

consi n T h e ot h e r S t a t e s an d T e rri tori e s w e r e r e s e rv e d for i ts e l f

.

by th e S upre m e C ou ncil for th e S out h e rn J uri sdi ct io n of th e U n i t e d

S tat e s
.

T h e S u p r e m e Coun ci l of E nglan d an d Wal e s was c r e at e d by

th e N ort h e rn S u pr e m e C o un ci l i n M arch 1 8 46 an d t h at b ody c r e , ,

at e d th e S u pr e m e Cou n cil s of S cot lan d a n d of t h e C anadi an D o

m i ni on T h e S upre m e C ou n c i l for I r e lan d was e sta bl i sh e d by th e
.

S upr e m e C ou nci l of th e S out h e rn J urisdi cti o n .

F ro m A ugust 5 1 8 1 3 A rticl e V of th e C onsti tut i on s of 1 78 6

, , .

has b e e n com pli e d wi t h an d t h e r e h av e b e en c on s e qu e ntly i n th e

,

U n it e d S tat e s of A m e rica bu t t wo l egi ti mat e S u p re m e C ou n ci ls ,

wh i ch h av e e v e r e n d e avor e d to pr e s e rv e an d e n forc e t h e i r auth ority

an d t h e y h av e always di sc ount e n an c e d all att e m pts agai n st t h at
aut h ori ty wh ic h righ tful ly acc ord i ng t o th e G ran d C on sti tu ti ons b e
, ,

l ongs to t h e m .

A th ir d S u pr e m e C ou nc i l coul d n ot b e e stabl ish e d i n th e U n i t e d

S tat e s of A m e ri ca wi th out a vi olati on of th e C on st i t uti on s of 1 7 8 6
, .

N e i t h e r th e 3 3 d D e gr ee n or a S u p r e m e C ou nci l c an e x i s t wi t h out a
com p lianc e wi th t hat con sti t uti on T h e e stab li sh m e n t of a s e c on d
.

S up r e m e C ou nci l i n th e U n it e d S tat e s w as n ot a wi s e m e asur e ,

al t hough th e consti tu ti ons provi d e d for i t as su bs e qu e nt e v e n ts ,

d e monstrat e d I t was a r e m arkabl e c oi n ci d e n c e that i n th e v e ry

.

y e ar w h e n th e two G ran d L odg e s of B lu e M asonry i n E ngl an d

w e r e c onsol i dat e d i nto on e S cotti sh M aso nry i n th e U n it e d S tat e s
,

w a s am i cab ly div i d e d i n to two organ i z ati on s i n c on s e qu e n c e of ,

w h i c h e ac h S upr e m e C ou nci l al t e r e d an d am e n d e d its own c on

sti tu ti on s an d statut e s an d chang e d an d m ad e m at e ri al al t e rat i on s
,

i n th e rit ual s an d t h e r e by d e stroy e d th e h arm ony an d u ni form ity

,

o f th e work .

T h e i nj uri ou s an d p e rn i ci ous con s e qu e n c e s of t h i s di v isi on w e r e

soon m ani f e st e d an d b ot h S u pr e m e C ou nci l s w e r e cal l e d u pon to
m ak e t h e i r d e f e ns e agai n st th e i nvasi on of il l e gi ti m at e bodi e s wh i c h ,

not on ly aff e ct e d S c ott ish R i t e M ason ry , b ut als o al l th e oth e r

1 852 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

G ran d B od i e s of M ason ry from th e G ran d L odg e s to th e G ran d

,

C om m an d e ri e s of K n ights T e m p lars i l l e gi ti mat e b odi e s O f w h i c h

,

w e r e soon e stabl i sh e d as w e l l as of th e S cotti sh R i t e by t h e s e u n

, ,

au t h ori z e d part i e s .

O n O c tob e r 7 1 8 5 6 Fo u l h ou z e form e d a n e w S upr e m e C ou n

, ,

c i l an d com m e n c e d m aki ng M asons at sigh t an d m an u facturi ng ,

T h irty t h i rds
-
P u rsui ng th e sam e syst e m of m i sr e pr e s e n tati on as i n
.

1 8 5 0— 5 1 h e su cc e e d e d i n causi ng two l odg e s to wi t hd raw th e i r al

,

l e g i an c e fro m th e G ra n d L odg e of L oui si ana T h i s r e b e l l i on was .

sh ort l i v e d i n 1 8 5 8 — 5 9 t h e s e l odg e s m e m orial i z e d th e G ran d L odg e

-

to b e r e i n stat e d o n i t s r egi st e r,an d wi t h di ffic ulty ob tai n e d th e i r t e

q u e st O n F e b ruary 4 1 8 5 9 th e G ra n d O ri e n t O f F ran c e e x p e l l e d
.
, ,

F ou l h o u z e an d h i s s o cal l e d S u pr e m e C ounc i l soon b e ca m e dorman t

,
-
.

I n t h e e arly p art O f 1 8 6 7 an att e m p t was m ad e to r e v i v e it an d i t ,

obtai n e d r e c ogn i ti on fro m th e G ran d O ri e n t O f F ranc e ; t h at r ec

og n i ti o n h ow e v e r fai l e d t o gi v e i t vi tal i ty an d i n a sh ort ti m e i t
, , ,

e i t h e r b e ca m e dorman t or c e as e d to e x i st .

I t woul d b e u s e l e ss to wast e val u ab l e t i m e i n traci ng out al l

t h e s e i rr e gu lar b odi e s ; y e t i t wou l d b e u n wis e n ot to ack n owl e dg e
t hat t h e y h av e h ad an e x i st e n c e an d t hat som e stil l con t i n u e to th e
,

d e tri m e n t of F r e e maso n ry .

W e qu ot e fro m a l e tt e r of th e lat e I l l Bro D r H e n ry B e au . . .

mon t Le e son t h e S ov e r e ign G ran d C o m m an d e r of th e S upr e m e

,

C ou nc i l of E nglan d an d W al e s an d t h e i r D e p e n d e n c i e s t o th e ,

G ran d C om m an d e r of th e S ou th e rn S u pr e m e C ou nc il of th e
“
U n it e d S tat e s wri tt e n at L on don i n 1 8 6 0 i n wh ic h h e says :
, , Our
own C ou n ci l i s n ow i n a fl ourish i ng con d it i on n e arly al l of th e ,

é l it e of M ason ry i n E nglan d b e i n g rang e d u n d e r ou r ban n e rs ; al

t hough w e a r e d ist i n ct from G ra n d L odge w h o ackn owl e dg e on ly ,

th e fi rst t h r ee d egr e e s a n d th e R oyal A rc h an d G ran d C oncl av e

, , ,

gov e rn i ng th e K n igh ts T e m plars T h e s e two l ast d e gr e e s ar e i n t h is

.

cou n try p e rf ectly d i ff e r e n t an d di sti nct from any of th e A nci e n t

,

an d A cc e pt e d D egr ee s an d O f v e ry m od e rn origi n n e i t h e r havi ng

, ,

e x i st e d pr e vi ous to th e m i ddl e of t h e last c e n tu ry T h e K n igh t .

T e m pl ar D egr e e was c oncoct e d i n Fran c e A N D 1 P O S S E S S T H E A CT

U A L M I N U T E S A N D O T H E R R E C O R D S O F T H E F R E N C H CON V E N T Th e .

l oyal A rc h ( D e rm ott s) was conc oc t e d by R am say an d m od e rn

’

,
”
i ce d by a C h apl ai n (G B rown ) of th e lat e D uk e of S uss e x
. .

(G ran d M ast e r ) .
1 8 54 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

m i ngo by consti tut i v e pat e n t O f 1 6 J an uary an d 1 9 A p ri l 1 8 0 1

, , ,

u n d e r th e disti ncti v e ti tl e of T h e T ri pl e U n i ty ; transfe rr e d t o B ar

.

ac oa I slan d of C u ba o n accou n t of t h e e v e nts of war

, , ,

D o d e clar e i n th e n am e O f th e S u bl i m e an d T h : P ui ssan t G ran d

,

Cou n ci l do c e rt i fy an d att e st th at t h e V e ry R e sp : G r : E l e ct
, ,

K n igh t O f t h e W h it e an d Bl ack E agl e f or ep /z Cer n ea u A nc i e n t

, ,

D ign i ta r y O f th e L odg e N O 4 7 O ri e n t of P ort au P ri nc e G ran d

.
, ,

W ard e n O f th e P rovi nci al L odg e sam e O ri e n t V e n e ra bl e fou n d e r

, ,

of th e L odg e of t h e A n ci e n t C on sti tu ti on of Y ork N O 1 0 3 u n , .

,

d e r t h e disti ncti v e t i tl e of T h e T h e ol ogi cal V i rt u e s O ri e n t O f th e

,

H abana I sl an d of C u ba h as b e e n r e gul arly i n i tiat e d i n al l t h e

, ,

D e gr ee s of th e S ub l i m e M ason ry from t h at of S e cr e t M ast e r t o

,

an d i n cl udi n g t h at of G ran d E l e c t K n igh t o f th e W h i t e and B lack

E agl e ; an d wi sh i ng t o gi v e th e strong e st p roofs of our si nc e r e
fri e ndsh i p for ou r sai d V e ry D e ar B ro : j os efi /z Cer n ea u i n r e cog ,

n i ti on of th e s e rv ic e s wh i c h h e h as r e n d e r e d to th e R oyal A r t an d ,

wh i c h h e i s r e n d e ri ng d ai ly w e h av e i n iti at e d h i m i n th e high e st i n
, ,

th e m ost e m i n e n t an d fi n al D e gr e e of M ason ry w e c r e at e h i m our

D e p uty G ran d I n sp e ctor for th e N orth e rn part of th e I sl an d of
,

C u ba wi t h al l th e p ow e rs t h at ar e attac h e d t h e r e t o gi vi ng h i m
, ,

ful l an d e n tir e p ow e r t o i n i ti at e th e B ros : M ason s wh o m h e m ay ,

j u dg e [worthy P] t o p rom ot e t h e m to th e S u bl i m e D e gr e e s from

, ,

th e 4th u p t o an d i n cl u d i ng t h e 2 4th provi d e d h ow e v e r t hat t h e s e

, ,

M ason s sh al l h av e b e e n O ffi c e rs of a L odg e r e gu larly co nstit ut e d

an d r e cogn i z e d an d i n pl ac e s only wh e r e t h e r e may n ot b e fou n d
,

S acr e d a n d S u bl i m e a n d r e gul arly c on sti tut e d A syl a ; from wh ic h

Bros : h e wi l l r e c e i v e th e O b ligati on r e qu i r e d an d th e au t h e n t ic su b
m issi on t o th e D e cr ee s of th e S u b l i m e P ri n c e s ; con sult ing h ow e v e r , ,

an d cal l i ng to h i s ai d th e B B : w h o m h e sh al l k n ow t o b e d e corat e d
wi t h th e S u b l i m e D egr e es ; w e gi v e h i m full an d e n ti r e p ow e r t o
con f e r i n th e n am e of ou r afor e sai d G ran d C ou n ci l th e h igh e st D e
gr ee s of M asonry on a K t : P ri nc e M ason on e only e ac h y e ar wh os e
, ,

v i rtu e s h e sh al l r e cogn i z e an d th e qual i ti e s r e qui r e d t o d e s e rv e th is

,

favor ; an d t o th e e n d t h at ou r d e ar B ro : f or ep /z Cer n ea u so d e co ,

r at e d m ay e nj oy i n th i s qual i ty th e h on ours rights an d p r e rogat i v e s

, , , , ,

w h ic h h e h as j ustly d e s e rv e d by h i s ard uou s l abors i n th e R oyal

,

A r t w e h av e d e l iv e r e d to h i m t h e s e pr e s e n ts i n th e margi n w h e r e o f
, ,

h e h as pl ac e d h i s sign at ur e t h at I t m ay avail h i m e v e r ywh e r e a n d

, ,

b e us e fu l to h i m alon e .
 S CO T T I S H R IT E IN TH E U N IT E D S TA T E S 1 855

W e p ray our R e sp : B B : r e gul arly constitu t e d sp r e ad ov e r th e ,

two H e m i sp h e r e s wit h what e v e r D egre e t h e y m ay b e d e corat e d

, ,

wh e t h e r i n L odg e C h z Co l z S ov e r e ign Cou nci l

, , , S ubl i m e ,

to r e cogn i z e an d r e c e i v e ou r d e ar B ro z th e V e ry I l l u stri ous S ov

,

an d S u bl : P ri nc e j os ep a Ce r n ea u i n al l th e D e gr e e s abov e m e n
, ,

ti o n e d ; prom i si ng t o pay t h e sam e att e n t i on to t hos e w h o i n our

O ri e n ts shal l pr e s e n t t h e m s e l v e s at th e d oors of our S acr e d A syl a

furn i sh e d wi t h l ik e au th e n ti c t itl e s .

G i v e n by us S : S u bl i m e P ri n c e s G : C : G : I : G al : of our afor e
’

, ,

sai d G ran d an d P e rf e ct C ou n ci l u n d e r ou r M yst e rious S e al an d

, ,

t h e G ran d S e al of th e P ri nc e s of M ason ry i n a pl ac e wh e r e ar e d e ,

p osi t e d th e gr e at e st tr e asur e s th e sigh t wh e r e of fi l ls u s wi t h c on so

,

lat i on j oy an d grati tu d e for al l th at i s gr e at an d good

, , .

A t B aracoa I sl an d O f C u ba an n o 5 8 06 un d e r th e sign of th e
, , ,

L i on th e 1 5 t h day of th e sth m on t h cal l e d A b 7 8 0 6 of t h e Cr e

, , ,

at i on 5 5 6 6 an d accordi n g t o th e C om m on S tyl e th e 1 sth J uly

, ,

1 806 .

S ign e d , M A TH IE U D U P OT E T,
P r es i a em ’
S 07)
‘ :

A tru e copy S ign e d , M A TH I E U D U P OT E T ,

P r es i den t, S : G : I : G a l :
’

I c e rti fy t hat w hat i s t ra nsm i tt e d ab ov e an d th e ot h e r port i on s

ar e c on form ab l e t o my R e gi st e r .

TI P H A I N E ,
S: P: R : S : , D : 1 : G a l : G : Com m :

T hefor e goi ng tran sl at i o n of th e an ci e n t copy i n F r e nc h has

b ee n c orr e ctly a n d fai t h ful ly m ad e by m e .

M a r c/
z 2 0, 1 882 . A B
L E RT P I KE .

T he N ort h e rn S upr e m e Cou n ci l for a f ew y e ars was d i vi d e d

'

i n to two facti on s an d on e of t h e m com prom ise d wi t h an d a ffi l i at e d

som e of t h e s e i rr egu lar M ason s an d took t h e m i n wh i c h r e sult e d ,

i n a v e ry u n favorab l e con di ti on of th e N orth e rn S u pr e m e C ou n ci l ,

wh i c h for a ti m e was i n f e ct e d wi t h an u n h e al t hy absorpti on of b ad

m at e rial by t h is u nwi s e c om p ro m i s e wh ic h was m ad e as was sup
, , ,

pos e d for th e good of F r e e mason ry

, .
1 8 56 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

S om e of t h e s e i r r e gul ar M asons had caus e d a d ivi si on e v e n i n

t h e G ran d L odg e of N e w Y ork an d th e origi n al c h i e f of t h e m , ,

J os e p h C e rn e au h ad p r e v i ously r e p re s e n t e d th e i rr e gular K n igh ts

,

T e m p lars of N e w O rl e an s an d t h e i rr e gul ar cou n ci l O f th e R i t e O f

P e rf e ct ion of L ou i si an a i n th e G ran d E nca m p m e n t of K n igh ts
“
T e m plar O f N e w Y ork as i s fou n d i n th e r e cord s v i z
, O n th e , .

4th day O f M ay 1 8 1 6 a m e e t i ng O f th e G ran d E n cam p m e n t O f

, ,

K n igh ts T e m p l ar O f N e w Y ork w a s call e d to act u p on an ap p l i

cati on by a col l e ct e d b ody of S ir K n igh ts T e m pl ar R oyal A rc h ,

M asons an d m e m b e rs of t h e S ov G ran d C ou nci l of S u b l i m e .

P ri n c e s of th e R oyal S e cr e t for th e S tat e of L oui si an a si tt i ng at

“

N ew O rl e an s prayi ng t h at a c on st i tut i on al c h art e r b e gran t e d

,

t h e m e tc T h e y h ad p r e v i ous t o t h i s ap pl icati on e l e ct e d an d i n
, .

stal l e d t h e i r ofli ce r s T h e c hart e r by r e sol ution w as gran t e d t h e m

’

.
, , .

an d i t was al so
“
R es ol ved T h at th e I II B ro J os e p h Ce rn e au h av i ng b ee n d e s
, . .
,

ig n ate d by th e L ou isi ana E ncam p m e n t t o b e t h e i r r e pr e s e ntat i v e

an d proxy n e ar t h i s G ran d E n camp m e n t b e an d i s h e r e by ac ,
"
k n owl e dg e d an d accr e di t e d as su ch .

I n t h is m an n e r th e i rr e gul ar F r e n ch T e m pl ar D e gr ee t h at was
carri e d from Fran c e to E ngl an d got i n to th e U n it e d S tat e s at
N e w O rl e an s an d all i e d wi t h an i rr e gular rit e an d b ody b e cam e
, ,

amalgamat e d wi t h t h e A m e rican W e b b T e m p lar D e gr e e at N e w

Y ork .

T h e s e e vi l s wh i c h h av e b e s e t th e A n ci e n t an d A c c e pt e d
S cotti sh R i t e of F r ee m ason ry hav e n ot p r e v e n t e d i ts gr e at a d
,

van c e m e n t an d prosp e ri ty ; a n d du ri ng th e past d e cad e i n th e ,

N orth e rn J u ri sd ict i on alon e i t h as i n cr e as e d ov e r fi fty p er c e n t

,
.

i n n u m b e rs .

T h e S out h e rn S u p r e m e C ou nci l d i d n ot m ee t fro m F e b ruary ,

1 86 2 u nti l N ov e m b e r 1 7 1 8 6 5 w h i c h was i n C harl e ston S C

, , , , . .

S i x m e m b e rs o nly w e r e p r e s e n t an d al l of t h e m a r e n ow d e ad
,
.

T h e r e w e r e n o b od i e s of th e R i t e work i ng anywh e r e e x c e p t i n
N e w O rl e a n s .

W i t h i n dom i tabl e e n e rgy an d z e al th e I l l ustri ous S ov e r e ign

G ran d C om m an d e r A l b e rt P i k e 3 3 d D e gr ee w h o d uri ng th e
, , ,

l ast two y e ars an d a h al f of th e war h ad b ee n e ngag e d i n r e

wri ti ng an d r e stori ng th e ri tual s O f th e d e gre e s an d wh os e sc h ol ar ,

sh i p an d k n owl e dg e of th e A n ci e n t M yst e ri e s an d t h e i r p h i l o s o D h V ,
1 8 58 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

The fol l owi ng S u p r e m e C ou n ci l s hav e b e e n form e d b ut h av e ,

n ot r e c e i v e d form al r e cogn iti on an d t h e co urt e sy of an e x ch ang e of

r e pr e s e ntati on : N apl e s of I t a ly D o mi ni can R e pu b l i c T urk e y
, , , ,

P al e rm o of I taly Fl or e nc e O f I taly an d L u x e m b urg

, , , , .

T h e ri tual s O f th e d e gr e e s d i ff e r v e ry m uc h i n t h e i r dra m ati c

r e pre s e ntati on s I n th e N ort h e rn J uri sdi cti on t h ey apply m or e d i
.

r ec tly t o t h e h ist ory an d sc e n e s of th e C rusad e s ; i n t h e S ou th e rn

J uri sdi cti on t h e y ar e v e ry m uc h m or e i n t e l l e ctual p h i l osop h i cal a n d , ,

h i stori c .

C oun ci l s of D e l i b e rat i on ar e h e l d i n e ac h S tat e i n th e N ort h

e r n J uri sdi cti on of al l th e b odi e s from t h e 1 4th t o t h e 3 2 d d e gr e e s

i nc lusi v e w h ic h a r e p r e si d e d ov e r by th e d e puti e s for t h e S tat e s

, .

I n t h e s e ar e p r e s e nt e d al l m att e rs of l ocal l e gislati on acti on u p on ,

whi c h m u st su b s e qu e n tly b e app rov e d or O th e r wi s e by th e S u , ,

p r e m e Cou n ci l .

T h e S u pr e m e C ou n ci l of th e R i t e i s th e gov e rn i ng body ov e r
al l an d as suc h i t m ak e s a n d p rom ulgat e s laws an d statu t e s for th e
,

vari ous d i vi si on s of th e organ i z e d b ody T h i s S upr e m e C ou n ci l .

con fe rs th e G ov e rn i ng D e gr e e n am e ly 3 d D egr e e G ran d M ast e r

, , ,

of th e K ad osh or S ov e r e ign G ran d I n sp e ctor G e n e ral T h e acti v e -

.

m e m b e rs accord i ng to th e S tatut e s O f th e S ou th e rn S u p r e m e Cou n

,

ci l ar e l i m i t e d t o t h i rty th r ee act i v e m e m b e rs of th e 3 3 d D egre e

,
-

an d n o m or e b ut i n th e N o r th e rn S u pr e m e C ou n ci l t h i s n u m b e r
,

i s dou b l e d S O t h at th e acti v e m e m b e rs O f th e 3 3 d D e gre e ar e S i x ty

,
'

si x T h e se acti v e m e m b e rs ar e for t h e i r r e sp e cti v e S t at e s r e la

.

ti ve l y th e G ran d M ast e rs of th e R i t e T h e t i tl e of H on orary I n

.

sp e ct ors G e n e ral i s gi v e n t o t h os e w h o a r e e l e vat e d t o th e d e gr ee

-

wi t h S p e ci fi cal ly d e l e gat e d p ow e rs an d n o ot h e rs or t h e y a r e s e nt ,

a s sp e ci al d e l e gat e s t o e stab l ish n e w b odi e s o r p ropagat e th e R i t e

by co m m u n i cati ng th e d e gr e e s T h e s e sp e cial d e l egat e s h av e a
.

voi c e i n cou nc i l b u t n o vot e .

I n t h e S out h e rn S upr e m e C ou nci l wit h i ts n u m b e r O f acti v e

,

m e m b e rs of th e 3 3 d D egr e e l i m i t e d t o t hi rty t h r e e th e r e i s a -
,

“
Court of H on or w h ic h m ay b e cal l e d th e v e sti b ul e t o th e 3 3 d
,

D e gr e e . T hi s C ou rt of H on or com pri s e s two grad e s or rank s both ,

of wh i c h a r e car e ful ly r e s e rv e d an d ca n only b e con f e rr e d as a fr ee

N O T E — I n th e Sou th e rn S u p r e m e Co un c il th e coun c il or pr e c e p tory o f th e K n i g h ts
,

K a d o s h or 3 oth d e gr e e i s s e p a r a t e fro m th e consi s tory of 3 1 5 t a n d 3 2 d d e g r ee s, b ut i n th e

N orth e rn S u p r e m e C oun c i l i t i s w i th i n th e c on si s tory .
 S CO T T I S H R IT E IN TH E U N ITE D S TA TE S 1 8 59

gift an d a m ark of appr e ciati on for s e rvic e s r e n d e r e d E ac h ac ti ve

,
.

m e mb e r a n d e ac h E m e r i tu s m e m b e r of th e S outh e rn S u pr e m e C oun
c i l i s ex ofi czo a m e m b e r of bot h grad e s T h e s e grad e s a r e first t h at
’

- .
, ,

of K n igh t C om m an d e r T h i s i s con f e rr e d u pon B r e t h r e n of th e 3 2 d

.

D e gr e e for g e n e ral m e ri tori ou s s e rv ic e r e n d e r e d t o t h e R i t e a n d o nly ,

u p on th e r e co m m e n dati on of th e G ran d C on sistori e s or by th e A c

t i v e I n sp e ct ors G e n e ral of th e r e sp e ct i v e S tat e s T h e s e con d gra d e
-
.
,

wh i c h i s high e r t han th e grad e of K n igh t C om m an d e r i s t hat of ,

K n ight G ran d Cross I t i s c on fe rr e d wit h th e j e w e l u p on B re t h r e n

.

O f th e 3 2 d D e gr ee for e x traord i n ary s e rvi c e s t o th e R i t e N e i t h er .

of t h e s e grad e s can b e gi v e n t o anyo ne wh o soli c i ts for t h e m ; i t

m ust b e r e p e at e d t h at t h e y ar e sp e ci al m arks of h on or grat ui tously ,

c on fe rr e d A ccord i ng t o th e S tatut e s o f th e S out h e rn J uri sdi cti o n

.

t h e p oss e ssi on of at l e ast th e fir st of th e s e grad e s i s a c on di ti on p r e

c e d e n t of e l igi b il i ty for th e r e c e pti on of th e 3 3 d D e gree .

T h e d i ff e r e n c e i n th e work ing of t he d e gre e s i n th e ri tu al s of th e

R i t e b e t w e e n th e ri tual of th e S ou t h e rn an d t h at of th e N ort h e rn
,

J uri sdi cti on m ay r e qu i r e som e e x pl an ati on wh i c h l ik e wi s e wi l l e x

, ,

pl ai n w hy th e c hang e s w e r e n e c e ssari ly m ad e i n worki ng th e d egr e e s .

T h e l at e I ll B roth e r A z ariah T P e arson 3 3 d D egr e e A cti v e I n

. .
, ,

S p e ctor G e n e ral for th e S tat e of M i n n e sota i n t h e S ou th e r n J u r i s d i c

-

t i on a l i ttl e w h i l e b e for e h i s d e ath m ad e th e fol l owi ng stat e m e n t

, ,

“
T hat th e l at e M ason i c firm of M acoy an d S ickl e s of N e w Y ork
C i ty bot h O f wh om ar e 3 3 d d egr ee an d b e l ong t o th e N ort h e rn
, ,

S u pr e m e C ounci l pri nt e d i n th e ritu al s for th e su pr e m e C ou n ci l

,

of th e S out h e rn J u risdict i on as w e ll b ut wh o u n fortunat e ly fai l e d

,

i n b usi n e ss an d t h at th e st e r e otyp e pl at e s w h i c h b e l ong e d to

,

e it h e r or b ot h r e gul ar S upr e m e Coun ci ls w e r e su rr e pt iti ou sly s e i z e d

,

u p on an d tak e n by p e rson s con n e ct e d wit h t h e C e rn e au fraud wh o ,

h ad cl ai m e d t h at th e y h ad bough t t h e m wi t h th e r e st O f th e p rop
c r ty of M acoy a n d S ickl e s wh ic h w as sol d for th e b e n e fi t of t h e i r
,

cr e ditors an d t h at i t was wi t h t h e s e st e r e otyp e pl at e s of th e ri tuals

t h u s surr e p tit i ously obtai n e d t h at th e fraud ul e n t Ce rn e au S u pr e m e
C ou nci l w as t h u s e n abl e d to i m prov e i t s own m e agr e sk e l e ton an d ,

gi v e i ts sub ordi nat e b odi e s a s e m blanc e O f th e tru e work con fe rr e d

u n d e r th e au th ori ty of th e r e gul ar S upr e m e C ou n cil s wh i c h for s e l f
,

p rot e cti on agai n st i m p ostors an d cl an d e sti n e S cotti sh R i t e M asons ,

h ad t o call i n al l th e ri t ual s t h e n out an d t o i ssu e n ew on e s i n l i e u

,

th e r e of
'
.
1 86 0 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

Itm ust b e agai n r e p e at e d wi t h a d e gr e e of r e it e rati o n w h i c h ,

m ay b e t ir e som e but i s n e c e ssary that th e S c ott ish R i t e c on f e rs n o ,

d e gr e e s b ut t h os e of i ts own R it e an d al so t hat wh i l e m a ny O f i ts ,

m e m b e rs b e l o n g t o l e gi ti m at e b odi e s O f oth e r ri t e s of M ason ry i t ,

h as n o con fl ict wit h any suc h T h e S cot ti sh R it e h a s d ou bl e d i ts .

m e m b e rs i n th e last f e w y e ars an d y e ar by y e ar gai ns n e w ao ,

c e ssi ons .

A n t oi n e B id e au d wh o h ad b e e n cr e at e d a D e p uty G ran d I n
,

sp e ctor G e n e r a l an d a S ov e r e ign G ran d I nsp e ctor G e n e ral S e p t e m

- -
,

b e r I O 1 80 2 by D e G rass e T i l l e y at C ap e F ran coi s i n S a n D o

, , , ,

m i ngo so soon as h e h ad O p e n e d h i s S up r e m e C oun c il aft e r th e

, ,

r e turn O f th e F r e n c h t o t h at i sl an d w as i n N e w Y ork an d on ,

A ugust 4th c on f e rr e d u pon J J G ourgas J oh n B T ardy L e wi s . .

, .
,

d e S oul l e s J oh n B D e s d oi ty an d P i e rr e D u P e yrot al l th e d e
, .
,

gr e e s of th e A z A : S : R it e t o th e 3 2 d T w o day s t h e r e aft e r a .

c onsi story w as op e n e d wh ich alt h ough e x c e e d i ng h i s pat e nt

, ,

was aft e rward con fi rm e d by p rop e r aut h ori ty J oh n B T ardy . .

was su b se qu e ntly ap p oin t e d D e puty I n sp e ctor G e n e ral by D u -

P l e ssi s of P h il ad e l p hi a w h o h ad r e c e iv e d h is app oi nt m e n t i n 1 790

, ,

from A u gu st i n e P r e v ost w h o d e ri v e d h i s aut h ority d i r e ctly fro m

,

Fr a n c k e n i n 1 7 74 at J a mai ca , .

A brah am J ac ob s wh o cl ai m e d t o b e a G ra n d I nsp e ctor G e n e ral

,
-
,

m ad e suc h by M os e s C oh e n i n 1 7 90 ca m e t o N e w Y ork i n 1 8 04 , ,

an d b e gan h i s work O f co n fe rri ng d e gr e e s H e stat e s i n h is r eg is .

,
o

te r t hat by th e w ish e s O f J B T ardy t h e r e was O p e n e d a c oun ci l of

, . .

P ri n c e s of J e rusal e m N o v e m b e r 6 1 8 0 8 t h e r e b e i ng p r e s e n t J J , ,
. .

G ourgas J oh n B D e s do ity M adu ro P e i x o tto M os e s Le vy J oh n

, .
, , ,

B T ardy an d A braham J acobs A t t h i s t i m e R ic hard R ik e r r e

.
, .

c e i v e d th e d e gr e e s I t app e ars from a stat e m e n t by G ourgas t hat

.

J acobs h ad e xc e e d e d h i s au t hori ty by i n t e rl i n i ng word s i n h i s p at e n t ,

for wh ic h h e was aft e rward e x p e l l e d G ou rgas al so says t hat on .

N ov e m b e r 8 1 8 0 8 D an i e l D T om p ki ns R i ch ard R ik e r an d S am p
, ,
.
, ,

son S i m pson r e c e i v e d t h e d e gre e s i n cl ud i ng th e 3 2 d D e gr e e i n th e , ,

c on si story wh i ch was form e d A ugu st 6 1 8 0 6 an d t h at h e was m ad e , ,

a D e puty I n sp e ctor G e n e ral on N ov e m b e r 1 2 1 80 8 D e s do ity on th e

-
, ,

1 8 th an d P e i x o tto on th e 1 6 t h
, .

I n con s e qu e n c e of a ru m or of th e i rr e gu l ari ti e s wh i c h h ad o c
cu rr e d i n th e b odi e s i n N e w Y o rk h avi ng r e ac h e d th e S u p r e m e
Cou ncil i n C harl e ston D e l a M ot ta wh o was an O ffi c e r i n t hat
.
,
1 86 2 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

N o rt h e rn S u pr e m e C ou nc i l had t o c ont e n d agai nst i n d e f e ns e of

th e tru t h .

G il e s F on da Y at e s O f A l bany b e cam e at a n e arly dat e

, , ,

i n t e r e st e d i n th e stu dy of M ason ry H e d i scov e re d t h e W arran t of

.

th e L odg e O f P e rf e cti on gran t e d by F r a n c k e n at A l bany an d a

copy of th e Con sti t ut i on s of 1 7 6 2 ; h e t h e n succ ee d e d i n r e susci tati ng
th e ol d l odg e A ft e r th is a G ran d C ou n ci l of P ri n c e s of J e rusal e m
.

was organ i z e d at A l b any an d s e v e ral l odg e s of P e rf e ct i o n w e r e

,

con sti tu t e d i n ot h e r plac e s A consi story was i n sti tut e d i n 1 8 2 4 at

.

A l bany an d s e v e ral b odi e s w e r e e stab l ish e d i n B oston

, T h e se w e re .

u n d e r pat e n ts of th e S u pr e m e Coun c i l at C h arl e ston Y at e s r e .

c e i v e d t h e 3 3 d D e gr ee fro m M c Cos h wh o was th e sp e ci al D e puty ,

of th i s coun ci l A ft e rward i n 1 8 2 8 Y at e s b e cam e a m e m b e r

.
, ,

of th e N ort h e rn S upr e m e C ou n c i l J ust at t h i s p e ri o d from 1 8 2 6

.
, ,

th e M organ a ff ai r h av i ng occu rr e d n e arly al l th e M ason i c b od i e s ,

at th e N ort h b e cam e e xti n ct as r e ci t e d i n th e chapt e r d e vot e d to

,

t hat subj e ct I n 1 8 3 2 G ou rgas susp e n d e d all e ff orts i n th e affai rs

.

o f th e S cotti sh R i t e I n 1 8 42
. h ow e v e r th e gr e at e x ci t e m e n t
, ,

h ad m ostly d i e d out an d th e fi r e O f p e rs e c uti on bigotry an d f a , ,

n at ic i s m h avi ng h ad n o fu e l for m any y e ars wa n e d an d al l e ff orts , ,

agai n st th e I n sti t ut i on c e as e d Y at e s h avi ng con f e rr e d w i t h G ou r

.

gas an d ot h e r B r e t h re n wh o h ad n ot su ccu m b e d u n d e r th e i r S e v e r e
ord e al t h e y d e t e r m i n e d to r e su m e t h e i r lab ors J u n e 1 5 1 8 44 a
, .
, ,

m ee ti ng w as h e l d ; G ourgas was t h e n G ran d C om mand e r an d Y at e s ,

Li e ut e n an t G ran d C om m an d e r T h e s e two by a l a w of th e R it e
.
, ,

t h at i f on ly on e m e m b e r O f a S up r e m e C ou nci l su rvi v e s t hat c ou n ,

cil do e s n ot c e as e t o e x i st O p e n e d t h e S up r e m e C ou nci l
, .

A t t h is m e e ti ng N ov e m b e r 1 3 1 8 44 ap pl i cati ons w e r e r e c e i v e d
, , ,

from E d ward A R aym on d R u e l Bak e r an d C h arl e s W M oor e

.
, , .

( al l of M assac h u s e tts ) wh o h av i ng r e c e i v e d th e 3 2 d D e gr ee w e r e
, , ,

crown e d S ov e r e ign G ran d I nsp e ctors G e n e ral -

.

A t th e m e e ti ng h e l d A p ri l 3 —5 1 8 4 5 G ou rgas d e cl ar e d t h at th e
, ,

re c e n t p ub l icati on by Cl av e l r e l at i ng t o th e A n c i e n t a n d A cc e pt e d
,
'
R i t e was u tt e rly i n corr e ct an d stat e d t h at Ce r n eau s nam e was
, ,

S truck from t h e T ab l e au of th e G ran d O ri e n t of F ran c e i n 1 8 3 0 ,

th e G ran d O ri e n t h avi ng wri tt e n to h i m t hat i t w a s a m a tter q u i te

i n exp l i ca bl e to t h e m t h at i t sh oul d h av e r e m ai n e d th e r e so l ong .

A t t h i s m e e ti ng G ou rgas r e organ i z e d th e S u p r e m e C ou n c il ,

th e O ffi c e rs b e i ng ap poi nt e d by th e c onsti tuti o nal provi si ons F rom .

 S CO TT I S H R I TE IN TH E U N ITE D S TA T E S 1 86 3

t h i s ti m e th e S up r e m e Cou n ci l b e cam e v e ry i n d ustri ou s i n e stab

l is h i ng bodi e s i n m any c iti e s ; harm ony pr e vai l e d ov e r t h is j u r i s d ic
t i on an d th e R i t e al t h ough sl owly was st e ad ily e x t e n d e d
, , ,
.

'

A t an i m p ortan t m e e t i ng h e l d S e pt e m b e r 4 1 8 5 1 G ou r g as s r e s , ,

ig n ati on as G ran d C om m an d e r an d h i s app oi ntm e n t of Y at e s as

h i s succ e ssor w e r e r e c e i v e d Y at e s pr e si d e d at t h i s m ee t i ng the
. ,

S ov e r e ign G ra n d C on sistory w a s orga ni z e d an d th e d e gr e e s i n th e ,

v ari ou s bodi e s w e r e c on fe rr e d A t the cl os e of th e m e e t i ng Y at e s

.

r e sign e d as G ran d C o m m an d e r an d app oi nt e d R ay m on d t o t h a t

posi ti on I n h i s addr e ss Y at e s gav e a forc i bl e e x posi t ion of th e
.

l aws th e O bj e cts an d th e h i story O f th e R i t e an d i t c ontai ns S O

, , ,

m uc h i n form at i on of i n t e r e st a n d v al u e t o i t s m e m b e rs t hat we
, ,

gi v e i t i n fu l l

A D D R E SS OF M . P . BR O . GI LE S FON D A Y A TE S

R e sp e ct e d an d B e l ov e d A ssoci at e s : Y ou h av e b e e n l ist en i ng to
th e val e di ctory ad dr e ss O f ou r h on or e d fri e n d l on g tri e d t ru e an d , , ,

trusty H i s s e n t i m e n ts I am w e l l assur e d ar e r e ci proc at e d H e

.
, , .

“
h as b ee n cal l e d by our transatl an ti c B r e t hre n th e p atri arc h of ou r
’
I l l ustri ous O rd e r an d n ot wi t h ou t ap propri at e n e ss J oh n J a m es
, .

G ourgas — cl a r u m e t v en er a o i l e u om eu
J.

H e h as b e e n pl e as e d t o al l u d e to m y o w n parti ci pat i on i n som e

of t h e w ork s an d ad m i ni strati v e d ut i e s of ou r ord e r, b u t su c h par
t ic i p ati o n as you ar e w e l l awar e h as b ee n at a l at e r day an d for a
, ,

short e r p e ri od U n d e r th e ci rc u m st an c e s i n w h i c h I n ow app e ar
.

b e for e you i t can h ardly b e d e e m e d e got i st i c i n m e i f I adv e rt

,

bri e fl y t o a fe w of th e h u m bl e con tri bu ti on s t o th e cau se of S u b

l i m e F r ee m ason ry pr e vi ou s to 1 8 40 wh i ch i t f e l l to my l ot to ,
“ ”
re nd er . T h e s e wi t h th e
, su bl i m e work s p e rfor m e d by oth e r
B re t hr e n of ou r ord e r b e fore an d si n c e i n M as sac h us e tts N e w , ,

Y ork N e w H am psh i r e C on n e ct ic ut an d R h od e I sl an d furn i sh

, , , ,

altoge t h e r e v i d e n c e su ppl e m e ntal t o t h at gi v e n by m y p r e d e c e ssor ,

i n com pl e t e co n futati on of th e pr e p ost e rou s ch arge t h at S u bl i m e

F r ee m asonry h as b e e n dorm an t i n ou r j u ri sdi ct i on si nc e i ts e sta b
l i s h m e n t am ong us A c h arg e of t h i s k i n d h as b e e n t h e st e r e otyp e
.

apol ogy of surr e pt it i ous M asons for t h e i r occasi on al att e m p ts to foi st

”
t h e ir sp uri ous cr e at i ons u po n our S u bl i m e S yst e m wi th i n ou r
M ason ic t e rrito r y T h e a bu n dan t parol e t e sti mony wh i c h can b e
.
1 86 4 H IS TOR Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

adduc e d t o S h ow h ow u ntru e i s t h i s c harg e can b e c orrob orat e d ,

by o u r arc h i v e s an d wi l l b e fou n d i t e rat e d i n man i f e sto e s i ssu e d by

,

o ur own an d o ur S ist e r cou nci l for th e S out h e rn J u risd i ct i on O f th e

U n it e d S tat e s .

I t urn e d my att e nti on to t h e h isto ry of th e S u bl i m e D e gr e e s

v e ry soon aft e r my i n i tiat i o n as a M ason M y i nt e rcours e i n 1 8 2 2 .

wit h s e v e ral O l d M ason s i n th e ci ty of A l b any l e d t o th e d i scov e ry ,

t h at an I n e ff abl e Lodge O f P e rf e cti on h ad b ee n e stab l i sh e d i n

t hat an ci e nt c i ty o n D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 76 7 I also di sc ov e r e d t hat , .

n ot only th e I n e ff abl e b u t th e S up e ri or D egr e e s o f o ur R it e

, , ,

h ad b e e n con fe rre d at th e sam e ti m e o n a c hos e n fe w by th e ,

fou n d e r of th e l odg e H e n ry A Fr a n c k e n on e of th e D e p u ti e s O f
, .
,

1
S t e p h e n M ori n O f i l lu stri ous m e m ory I t was n ot l ong m or e ov e r .
, ,

b e for e I fou n d th e origi n a l W arran t of t h i s l odg e i ts b ook O f m i n ,

u t e s th e pat e nts of I I] B rot h e r S am u e l S tri nge r M D J e r e m i ah

, .
, . .
,

V an R e nss e l a e r an d P e t e r W Y at e s E squ i r e s D e p I n sp e ctors .

, , .

“
G n ral u nd r th e ol d syst e m ; also
e e e , t h e r e gu l at i on s an d c on tri
”
b ution s O f th e n i n e c om m i ssi on e rs e tc 1 76 1 an d ot h e r docu , .
, ,

m e nts th at h ad b ee n l e ft by B ro Fr an c k e n wi th th e A l b a ny Br e t h .

r e n w h e n h e fou n d e d t h e i r lodg e W i t h th e c o n curr e n c e of t h e .

survi vi ng m e m b e rs O f sai d l odg e r e si di ng i n A l bany , D r J onat h an .

E ight s an d t h e H on an d R W S t e p h e n V an R e n ss e l a e r P G M
. . .
, . . .

O f t h e G ra n d L odg e of N e w Y ork I ai d e d i n e ff e ct i ng i ts r e vi val ,

.

T h e n e c e ssa r y p roc e e di ngs w e r e t h e r e up on i nstitut e d t o p lac e th e

sam e u n d e r th e su p e ri nt e n d e nc e of a G ran d Cou nc i l of P ri n c e s of
J e ru sal e m as r e qu i r e d by th e O l d con sti tu t i on s ; an d suc h G ran d
,

C ou nci l was s u bs e qu e n tly O p e n e d i n d u e for m i n sai d c i ty .

th e n e w C on sti tut i o n of th e T h i r
“
H avi ng b e e n m ad e awar e of
”
ty th i rd d e gr ee
-
rati fi e d o n th e first O f M ay 1 7 8 6 c on fe rri ng th e
, , ,

S u p r e m e P o we r ov e r our R i t e o n “
C o un ci ls of N i n e B r e th r e n I ,

hast e n e d t o p lac e mys e l f i n corr e sp on d e n c e wit h M os e s H ol brook ,

M D. at th e ti m e S G Com m an d e r of th e S u pr e m e Counc i l at
.
, . .

C h arl e ston an d wi t h m y e st e e m e d fri e n ds J os e p h M Cos h I ll G r

’

, . .

, ,

S e c G e n of th e l ast nam e d c ou nci l an d B ro G ourgas at t h at

. .
-
,
.
,

“
1
S t e ph e n M ori n w a s on th e 2 7 th d a y of A ugus t , 1 7 6 1 , a p poin t e d I n s p e c t or G e n e r a l
v r
o e all Lodg e s , & c .
, &c .
, &c .
,
i n th e n e w w orl d b y th e G ra nd Co nsi s to ry o f P ri nc e s of
th e R oy a l S e cr e t
con v e n e d in P a ri s a t whi c h p r e si d e d , th e K i ng of P ru s si a
s D e p u ty ’
,

C h a i llon D e Join vil l e S ub sti tu t e G e n e r a l o f th e O rd e r ”

, . See c irc ul a r i ssu e d b y th e S u
p r e m e Coun c i l a t Ch a rl e s ton S C D e c e m b e r 4 1 8 0 2, . .
, , .
1 8 66 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

m e m b e r O f th e M ason i c I n sti tut i o n i f I h av e had my am b iti on i t

, ,

h as b e e n t o stu dy i ts sc i e nc e an d t o di scharg e my du ti e s as a fai t h

,

ful M ason rath e r t h an t o O btai n i ts O ffi ci al hon ors or p e rson al b e n

,

e fi ts of any ki n d S e l f aggran d i z e m e n t has n e v e r form e d a ny p a rt

.
-

of m y M ason ic cr ee d an d al l wh o k n ow m e can b e a r wi tn e ss t h at i t
,

n e v e r h as of my practise I accord i ngly sh al l n e v e r S h i rk any j ust

.

r e sponsi bi l i ty i m pos e d u p on m e by my o bl i gat i ons as a S u bl i m e

F r e e m ason b u t c onti n u e to p r e f e r as I h av e e v e r do n e si n c e i t is
, , ,

m ost cong e n i al t o my own tast e t h os e work s a n d l ab ors of th e

,

C raft n ot n e c e ssari ly c on n e ct e d wit h i ts ad m i ni strat iv e d ut i e s .

A s S ov e r e ign G ran d I n sp e ctors G e n e ral i t ca n n ot b e b ootl e ss

-
,

t o i n qui r e w hat i s th e c h arg e co m m i tt e d to ou r k ee pi ng— wh at th e

t ru st r e p os e d i n us ? I s i t tru e t hat th e d e gr e e s an d ord e rs of ou r
R it e a r e as ou r e n e m i e s all e g e on ly su p e rf e tat i ons ? A r e t h e y
, ,

n augh t b u t e x cr e sc e n c e s o n th e gr e at pyra mi d of F r ee m ason ry ?

H av e t h e y n o an t i qu ity ? A r e t h e y of an i rr e l igi ou s ch aract e r ?
A l l ow m e t o d e l i v e r a few of my own vi e ws on th i s subj e ct — vi e ws ,

as you ar e we l l assur e d I h av e n ot arri v e d at h asti ly

, .

A s B rot h e r G ou rgas h as w e l l o bs e rv e d our d egr e e s an d ord e rs ,

c on sti tut e of th e m s e l v e s a p e rf e c t syst e m an d R it e wh i c h w e de ,

”
n om i n at e th e S u b l i m e sy st e m an d th e A n ci e n t a n d A cc e pt e d
,
"
R i te . T h e y h av e b ee n call e d H on orary S uc h t h ey ar e i n th e
.
,

t ru e s e ns e of th e t e rm b ut n ot i n th e s e ns e g e n e ral ly u s e d w h ic h i s
, ,
”
“
co nst r u e d as syn ony m ous w it h S i d e or d e tac h e d d egr e e s ,
We .
,

h ow e v e r p oss e ss i n addi ti on t o our r egu l ar s e ri e s O f d e gr e es d e

, , ,
"
tac h e d d e gr ee s of m or e or l e ss val u e sub si d iary to our r e gul ar d e
, ,

gr e e s B ut n on e of our d e gr e e s ar e p er s e sub ordi nat e or s u b si d

.
, ,

i ar y t o any ot h e r syst e m or R it e m u c h l e ss to any syst e m or R it e

,

w h i c h h ad n o e xi st e n c e w h e n our R it e was r e organ i z e d at th e b e

gi n n i ng o f th e last c e ntury A l l att e m pts t o m ak e t h e m so w e
.
, ,

as fai th ful con se rvato rs a n d guard i an s of ou r R i t e s ar e b oun d t o ,

“ ”
r e si st O urs a r e not as m an y h av e r e pr e s e nt e d t h e m
.
, l oos e , ,
" “ ”
fl oat i ng or si d e d e gr e e s n or y et a r e th e y wai fs of M ason i c
, ,
”
straggl e rs I f th e star of
. S u bl i m e F r ee m ason ry i s n e v e r p er

1 We i nd e b t e d to ou r W orthy B roth e r P hi li p C T u ck e r o f V e r m on t for th i s a p

ar e .
, ,

p r op r i a te d e sign a tion o f M a son i c p r e t e n d e rs o f a c e rt a in d e s cri p tion W e r e fe r to thos e

.

wh o occ a si on al l y s p ri ng u p i n th i s c oun try a n d e l s e w h e r e a n d e n g a ge i n “ p e d d lin g

,

M as on ic D e gr e e s M a rch a n d s d e M ac o n n e r e a n d w h o a ss u m e p r e ro g a tiv e s w h ich

th e y d o no t poss e ss ; a nd ov e r d e g r e e s w h i c h m os t pro b a bl y th e y n e v e r r e c e iv e d i n a
 S CO T T I S H R I TE IN TH E U N IT E D S TA T E S 1 86 7

m itte d t o c ul m i nat e i n th e z e n i th i t d e se rv e s a b e tt e r fat e th an to

b e com e a s a tel l i te t o any ot h e r orb s al b e i t t h e s e may sh i n e wi th
,

m or e d isti ngu i sh e d l ust e r If i t e v e r b e c om e s d e p r e ss e d to th e

.

n a di r of t h e M aso ni c h ori z on i t wi l l n ot b e b e cause of its want of

,

val u e or m e ri t .

“
O ur S u b l i m e Brot h e r D alc h o r e m arks i n on e O f h is ora
1
t i ons t hat our d egr e e s i m p art e d t o h i m k n owl e dg e wh ich h e ha d ,

vai nly sough t for i n th e l ow e r d e gr e e s— t hat t h e y e l uci dat e d th e ori

gi n an d p ri n ci pl e s O f th e M ason ic I n stit ut i o n an d its con n e cti on w i t h
sc i e nc e a n d r e l igi on m or e i n ti m at e ly th an th e sy m b ol ic d e gr ee s I .

h av e m ys e l f n oti c e d t h at i n the l att e r g e n e ral i d e as on ly ar e com

“
m u n i c ate d an d t h e s e O bsc ur e ly w h i l e i n th e , S ub l i m e D e gr e e s
t h e s e i d e as b e com e cl e ar as part i cu lar tru ths ; t h ough sti l l l i k e al l ,

tru t h s r e gardi ng th e m i n d an d h e art wh ic h ar e i n vi si bl e t h e y can b e

, ,

e x p r e ss e d only by figurat i v e t e rm s an d e x t e rnal sym b ols .

”
By i mag e ry an d t h rough a v e i l of m e tap h or th e l igh t of trut h
, ,

an d th e m ost su b l i m e al l usi ons ar e di scl os e d W e m ay b e w e l l v e rs e d .

i n th e c e re m on i al s of our ord e r an d y et n ot u n d e rstan d t h e i r t ru e i m

p ort ; w e may corr e ctly r e ad th e l e tt e r of ou r trad i tions a nd l e
“
g e n d s an d y e t r e m ai n b l i n d t o t h e i r
, sp i ri t an d ign oran t of the ,

pri n ci pl e s an d i n f e r e n c e s t h e y i nvol v e By st udy al on e can we sol v e

.

“
th e e n igm a de gu o f a é u l a n a r r a tu r ?
, M any of th e c ha ract e r
i s ti c al l e gori e s l e g e n ds sy m b ol s an d c e r e m on i e s of
, , , S u bl i m e F r e e
”
m ason ry ar e cou n t e d as i n sign i fi can t an d val u e l e ss b e caus e t h e y ,

a r e n ot pal pab l e t o th e s e n s e s an d ful ly c om pr e h e n d e d at th e fi rst

,

bl ush S om e of o ur m ost sacr e d myst e ri e s ar e l ightly e st ee m e d

.
,

b e caus e t h e y furn is h n o di scl osur e s t hat stri k e d u m b wi t h am az e

m e n t ou r h i d d e n t r e asur e s an d spi ri tual ri c h e s of s e cr e t pl ac e s
,
“
a r e u nap pr e c iat e d an d n o R oyal S e cr e t wh i c h h u m b ly p rofe sse s
to h av e a r e l ati on only to th e l ife of th e h e art s ee m s t o b e car e d
for ; n or y e t any p r e ci ou s ston e i n our m ysti c e di fic e i f th e p h i ,

Ia w ful m a nn e r . T h ese m en , p e rch a nc e h a v e s urr e p ti tiou sl y ob t a i n e d s om e p ar

too, m a y
ti a l i nform a tion fro m g a rb l e d M S S or i f th e y h a v e o b t a i n e d a ny d e gr e e s l a w fu ll y , ar e
.

g u il ty o f a v i ol a ti on of a fun d a m e n t a l M a s on i c l a w i n r e g a rd t o “
a l l e g i a nc e b y u sin g
a n d tr a ns m i ttin
g to oth e rs M a son i c kno w l e d ge u n d e r a s s u m e d a uthori ty , i n a m a n n e r
d i ffe r e n t fro m th a t i n w h i ch th e y r e c e iv e d i t .

1
S e e h i s or a ti on d e liv e r e d b e for e th e S ub l i m e G r a n d Lod g e , a t Ch a r l e s ton 8 C , , . .

M a rch 2 1 1 8 03, .

2 T
his id ea i s b e a u tifull y sy m b oli z e d i n one o f th e “ h i g h d e g r e e s b y a fi g ur e of
t ru th cov e r e d w i th a s e m i tr a ns p a r e n t v e i l
-
.
1 86 8 H IS TOR Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

l os o p h e r sto n e b e want i n g
’
s F or m e n of t h i s stam p our d e gr e e s , ,

or i n d e e d any M asoni c d e gr e e s wi ll e v e r fai l t o pr e s e n t attracti o ns

, .

U p on t h e art s O f b u i ld i ng an d arc h it e c tur e th e O rd e r of F r e e

an d A cc e p t e d M ason ry ri s e s l ik e a fair stu p e n dous pyra m i d from a
b road squar e b asi s t e n di ng r e gul arly u p to a su m m i t O f a tta i n m en ts
, , ,

e v e r c on c e al e d by i n t e rv e n i ng cl ou ds fro m th e p rom i scuous m u l ti

” 1
tu d e of com m on oo s e r ver s b e l ow T h e first fourt e e n d e gr e e s O f
.

“
our R i t e ar e i n a p art an am pl i ficati on of A n ci e n t C raft M a
“ ”
son r y wh il e th e sup e ri or d egr e e s ar e foun d e d on th os e C h ri sti a n
“
a n d r e l igi ous an d m i l itary O rd e rs wh i c h ar e d e cl ar e d by th e
O l d e st book of Y ork C onsti t uti on s t o b e cognat e to t h e Cr aft de

gr ee s of F r e e m ason ry .

T h e p roofs a r e u n d e n i abl e t h at th e l e arn i ng contai n e d i n th e

S ub l i m e D e gr e e s was taugh t l ong pr e v i o us t o th e l ast c e n tury ;
ou r M P B rot h e r D al c h o t h i n ks sh ortly aft e r th e first c ru sad e I n
. . .

P russi a Fran c e an d S cotl an d t h e pri n ci pal d egr ee s O f our R i t e ap

, ,

p e ar e d i n an organ i z e d form i n 1 7 1 3 T h e u nfortu nat e L ord D e r

.

W e n twate r an d h i s associ at e E nglish B r e t h r e n w e r e work i ng i n

l odg e s of H ar odi m i n 1 7 2 5 at P ari s wh e n th e G ran d L odg e of
, , ,

E nglan d transm i tt e d to F ra nc e th e A nci e nt Y ork Co nsti tut i o n s .

M an y S cotc h B r e t h r e n ( ad h e r e n ts O f C harl e s E dward S tu art ) b e i ng

i n F ranc e a bou t t h i s ti m e al so c ul ti vat e d som e of th e h igh d e gr e e s
,

O f ou r R i t e S om e of t h e i m portan t myst e ri e s c e l e b rat e d i n th e

.

sup e ri or d e gr ee s w e r e i n st itut e d by th e succ e ssors of J acqu e s de

M olay an d ot h e rs d e ri v e t h e i r origi n fro m th e r e n own e d R ob e rt
,

B ruc e T h e form e r gav e th e m i l itary th e latt e r th e C h rist i an c h ar

.
, ,

act e r to th e d e gr ee s an d ord e rs of our R i t e an d from w hat h as b e e n

al l u d e d t o r e l ati v e t o the con n e cti on of our S cotc h B r e th r e n wi t h
our d egre e s an d ord e rs I t h i nk w e m ay r e ad ily acc ou n t for th e
,

t e rm s E cos s a i s or S cotc/i as appl i e d t o t h e m

, .

N o p e rson ca n pr e t e n d t hat any on e d e partm e n t or syst e m of

F r e e m ason ry or a ny parti cul ar M ason i c R i t e h ow e v e r u n e x c e p ti o n ,

ab l e h as from ti m e i m m e mo ri al e x i st e d i n th e sam e form i n wh ic h

,

i t app e ars at th e p r e s e n t d ay B ut w e c ont e n d t hat th e ( h i storical

.

e poc h
) trad i ti ons an d grad e s of k n owl e dg e e m b od i e d i n th e d e gr ee s

an d ord e rs of t h e R i t e we profe ss h av e d e sc e n d e d to u s fro m r e ,

m ot e ant iqui ty T h i s fact can b e p rov e d t o t h e re asona bl e satis fa c

.

Qu ot e d fr om an ol d e d i ti on o f th e Y ork C on s ti tu tion .
1 8 70 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y
“ ”
C ou n ci l s , an d u surp i ng p ropag an di sts of S u bl i m e F r ee m ason ry .

N ow an d t h e n an o rt h od ox h i e roglyp h ic sy m bol or all e go r y i s su r

r e p ti tio u s l y ob tai n e d b u t i ts t ru e sol uti on is n ot attai n e d to by t h e
, ,

vulgar i n t e rpr e tati ons of su p e r fi c i al n e ss or i t i s p urp os e ly p e rv e rt e d

,

by th e i n fi d e l or bigot or s e ctarian t o su it h is n arrow p u r p os e s or

, , ,

by i ntrigu e rs w h o ,

Li k e s c u r v y p ol i t i c i a n s s eem to s ee ,
”
T h e t h i n g s t h e y d o n ot .

S uc h ri t ual s t oo O ft e n p e n n e d by b l u n d e ri ng copyi sts m ay n ot

, , ,

i naptly b e l ik e n e d t o h u m an S k e l e ton s stri p p e d of al l th e art e ri e s , ,

n e rv e s an d m uscl e s of th e l i vi ng m an d e p ri v e d of soul l if e bl ood

, , ,
-
,

an d sp i ri t .

T h e r e a r e so m e wri t e rs wh o w h il e t h e y m ay n ot d e ny an t iqu i ty
, ,
“
t o th e d octri n e s a n d t radi t i on s o n w h ic h som e of th e h igh d e
r ee s a r e fou n d e d e t wi t h a B ar r u e l an d R ob ison p u rp os e ly
g y ,
“ “
con fou n d ou r I n e ff ab l e an d p h i l osop h i cal d egr e e s wi t h t h os e
of th e p ol iti cal soc i e ty of th e I l l u m i nat i an d c e rtai n i n fi d e l sys
‘
t e m s O f p h i l osop h y A l e arn e d p h i l osop h e r has w e l l o bs e rv e d
.

“
t h at p h i l osop hy i s n ot p ossi b l e u n l e ss i t b e fou nd e d on an d
,
.
,

guard e d by C h ri st i an i ty C h ri sti an ity i s th e b asi s an d p hi l osop hy

, .
,
"
th e sup e rst ru ct ur e of t h e e d i fic e I t i s wi t h p h il osop hy suc h as
.

t h i s t h at t ru e F r ee m ason ry h as t o do I t i s worthy of n ot e i n t h is .

c on n e ct i on t h at S p e c ul ati v e sci e nc e as w el l as p racti cal wis do m on c e

rank e d am ong th e vi rt u e s T h e k n owl e dg e of t h e E t e rn al B e i ng
.
,

as u n d e rst oo d by p h i l osop h y r e aso n an d r e l igi ou s r e v e lati on i s th e

, , ,

basi s an d ap e x , as w e l l of th e M ason ic as th e sc i e n ti fi c pyram i d .

No a r t or l ea r n i n g s e r v e t h u s e fu l e n d s ,

But as t h e h ea r t i t g u i d e s a n d l i f e a m e n d s
, .

H ow e v e r gr e at th e ac qu isi ti ons of th e m ost succ e ssfu l cul t i va

“
tor of th e R oyal art a nd sci e n c e al l wil l b e vai n wi th out a p r ac ,

t i cal app l icati o n of the k n owl e dg e acqui r e d T h e un d e rstan d i n g .

S h oul d b e str e ngt h e n e d t h at th e con d uct m ay b e d i r e ct e d an d t ruth

“
d i scov r e d t h at i t m ay b e u s e d for t h e b e tt e r e n dowm e n t an d h e l p
e ,
"
O n e of th e cardi n al e n ds d e sign e d t o b e an s we r e d
’
of m an s l i f e .

b y F r e e m ason ry i n any O f its d e partm e n ts i s to m ak e m e n b e tt e r as

, ,

G e ob e r t i .
 S CO T T I S H R ITE IN TH E U N ITE D S TA T E S 1 87 1

l
we l l as wi s e r T h e e.ul ogy pron ou nc e d by B ro T S W e b b on . . .

"
th e e l e v e n i n e ff abl e d e gr e e s is app l icabl e to th e w h ol e syst e m of
,
" “
S ub l i m e F r e e m asonry t h at i t i s i n t e nd e d for th e gl ory of th e
,
”
D e i ty an d t h e good of m ank i n d
, .

T h os e w h o bri ng th e c harg e of i rr e l igion agai n st our R i t e woul d

do w e l l t o b e ar i n m i n d t hat l e arn e d auth ors u n fri e n dly t o ou r I n
s ti tu ti on h av e e x pr e ss e d t h e i r convi cti on t h at t h e pur e doc tri n e s O f

th e Zab i an s wh i ch ar e i n c orr e ctly st i gmat i z e d as astrol ogi cal an d

,

i dol atrous an d th e doctri n e s O f S t J oh n th e B apt ist w e r e e ss e n

3
, .
,

t i a l l y i d e n ti cal ; wh i l e B r e th r e n l e arn e d i n th e s e c r e ts o f I n e ff ab l e
” “
M ason ry d e l i v e r e d on ly
,
b e h i n d th e v e il an d v e rs e d i n th e doc ,
"
tri n e s of S u bl i m e Fr e e m ason ry h av e b e com e p e n e trat e d wi th t he,

con vi ct i on t h at t h e s e s e cr e ts an d doctri n e s ar e i n e ss e n c e th e sam e

wi t h t h os e wh i c h w e r e taugh t by th e P yth agore a n an d E sse n e a n
ritu a ls .

A ft e r th e F r e n c h r e vol uti on of 1 793 Ch ri sti an i ty i n F ran c e w a s ,

ri di c ul e d i n t o ob sol e t e n e ss A m on g th e m ass of th e p e opl e wh o

.

b e cam e at h e i sts w e r e th e m ass O f th e M asons N u m e rous copi e s .

of t hat h oly book w h i c h we e st e e m as th e fi rst gr e at l igh t i n M a

,

s o n r y w e r e c om m i t t e d t o th e fl am e s
, U n d e r t h i s stat e of t h i ngs
.
,

“ ”
S u bl i m e F r e e m ason ry f e l l i nt o d e su e t u d e an d i t w as n ot u nt i l
aft e r th e e sta bl ish m e n t of th e S upr e m e C ou n ci l at C h arl e ston ,
“ ”
S C on th e 3 I st day of M ay 1 8 0 1 t h at th e
. .
, S u b li m e S yst e m
, ,

was r e vi v e d i n F ranc e by th e e stabl i sh m e n t of a S u p re m e Cou n ci l

at P ari s t o w it i n 1 8 04 by C ou n t D e G rass e G ra n d I nsp e ct or
, , , ,

G e n e ral un d e r aut h ori ty fro m th e C h arl e ston S u pr e m e C ou nc il

, .

T h e P ari s S u pr e m e C ou n ci l h as b e e n i n c on ti n u ou s O p e rat i on e v e r

1
Bro W e b b di d n ot p r e t e n d to b e a p r o fe ssor o f th os e d e g r e e s or o f a n y oth e r i n
.
,

S u b l i m e F r e e m a s onry S e e h is p r fa c e to h is il lu str a tion s of th os e d e gr e e s

"
. e .

2 5 C a rd i n a l W i s e m a n — S yri a c v e rs i o n o f th e V a ti c a n cod e us e d b y A d l e r i n h i s
5 ,

D rus e s M on ti s Lib a n i .

e q uot e th e w ord s o f D r D e w e y i n c orr o b or a tion of th e i d e a I h a v e a dv an c e d

3 I he r .

i n th e t e xt b e c a us e h e e xp r e s s e s th i s i d e a c l e a rl y a n d b ri e fly I t i s h owe v e r far fro m

, .
, ,

b e in g a si n gul a r on e or origi n a l w i th h i m I t h a s b e e n th e p e rs u a si o n of e v e ry p h ilos

, .

O ph e r a n d d ivin e o f c e l e b ri ty w h o h as b e s to we d m or e th a n a s u p e rfi c i a l e x a m i n a ti on u pon

th e s ub j e c t b oth b e for e a n d si n c e Lord B a c on s d a y ; wh o p rov e s i ts tru th i n d e t a il

’
, .

Th e id e a th a t i m a g e s s et u p a s god s w e r e worsh i p p e d , i s e rron e ous T h e y we r e e s t e e m e d

.

a s sy m b ol s of a h igh e r p o w e r a n d a s s y m b ols on ly A s p e c i e s o f i m ag e s (as for e xa m

.

p l e th e four fa c e d C h e ru b i m ) wa s r e co g n i ze d e v e n i n th e e a rl y w orsh i p o f th e H e b r e w s
-

w h e n u n d e r th e i m m e d i a t e gov e rn m e n t o f G od hi m s e l f I w o ul d not b e u n d e rs tood to s a y

. ,

th a t th e p ur e doc tri n e s a ll u d e d to w e r e n ot p e rv e rt e d or th a t th e r e we r e no p e rson s oh

,

n oxious to th e ch a r g e m a d e b y S t P a ul in R om i 2 3
. . . .
 1 87 2 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

si n c e A n d h e r e trut h co m p e ls m e to adv e rt to th e fact t h at th e

.

G ran d O ri e n t of Fran c e wh ic h h ad a l e gal e x i st e nc e only a s a

,
”
S y m b ol ic G ran d L odg e of M ast e r M ason s n ow c o m m e nc e d h e r ,

assu m p ti on of j urisd icti on ov e r al l t h e d e gr ee s of th e A nc i e n t an d

'

”
A cc e p t e d R it e D i sp ut e s h e r e u p o n e nsu e d b e t w ee n t h e F r e n c h
.

S u pr e m e C ou nci l an d G ran d O ri e n t wh ic h h av e n e v e r b e e n full y

,

s e ttl e d u p t o th e p r e s e n t day .

E v e ry l ov e r O f M ason i c ord e r an d c o nst i tut i on al aut h orit y can

not b ut r e gr et t h is u n h appy occu rr e nc e ; an d non e thel e ss th e c on
d uct of th e P arisi an B r e th r e n o n su n d r y occasi on s d u ri ng th e l ast
hal f c e n tury i n e x t e n di ng t h e i r j uri sdict ion i n bot h th e S y m b ol i c
,

an d S ub l i m e d e gr e e s ov e r t e rri tory on th i s con t i n e nt al r e ady l aw ,

ful ly occu p i e d T h e i r e x am p l e i n t h i s l ast r e sp e ct h as b e e n r e p e a t

.

edl
y fol low e d an d i s at t h i s pr e s e n t m o m e n t p roduci ng cons e qu e nc e s
d e l e t e ri ous t o th e C raft at l arg e T h e p r e s e n t occasi on i s n ot th e
.

m ost ap prop riat e o n e for d e sc e n di ng t o p artic ul ari ti e s on t h i s h e ad .

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t o th e trou bl e s th at h av e b e e n e x p e ri e n c e d fro m an al ogou s cause s
by ou r sist e r cou n c i l at C h arl e sto n an d our ow n S u pr e m e C ou nci l ,

fro m 1 8 06 t o th e pr e s e n t ti m e I n assaulti ng our S u pr e m e Coun cil s

.

ou r e n e m i e s t ri e d t o S hi ft th e i ssu e fro m pri nc i pals t o i n di vi d ual s an d ,

r e sort e d t o wi l ful p e rv e rsi on s of facts ; an d fai l i ng to fi n d l egi ti mat e

an d r e al subj e cts to attack t h ey for th e n on c e fab ri cat e d t h e m A S
, .

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th e d rop p i ngs of t h e ir l i ps w e r e anyt h i ng b u t sw ee t sm e ll i ng -

myrrh or th e p e rfu m e of h e arty c ou n s e l as t ru e g e n tl e m e n an d

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A word or two w it h r e gard t o t h e c h arg e of i n t e rf e r e n c e on t h e

part of th e two on ly l awful S u p r e m e C o un ci l s i n t h i s cou ntry wi t h ,

t h e pr e rogati v e s of ot h e r d e partm e n ts of F r e e m asonry N 0 S u pr e m e .

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anyw h e r e i n th e worl d t i l l aft e r P r e v i ously I n sp e ct ors ,

1
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.

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a ,

i n d ivi d u a lly p oss e ss e d a n d a e S ov e r e i gn s o f M a son ry ” E xtr a c ts fro m th e c i rc ul a r l e t

, r .

te r o f th e C h a rl e s ton S up r e m e C o un ci l i s su e d D e c e m b e r 4 1 8 02
, , .
 S CO T T I S H R ITE IN TH E U N I TE D STA TES 1 87 3

G e n e ral u n d e r t he e nl igh t e n e d F r e d e ri ck of P russi a w e r e c h arg e d

with th e p ow e rs an d dut i e s n ow v e st e d i n suc h S u pr e m e Cou nci ls
an d th e G ran d B od i e s u n d e r t h e m By t h e m th e d egr e e s an d .

ord e rs of ou r R i t e w e r e c on se rv e d an d p ropagat e d i n t h e c o n sti tu

tio n a l m an n e r I t was n ot th e G ran d O ri e n t of F ran c e as i s by
.
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ti n e n t of E urop e e x c e pt th e G ran d C on sist ory ov e r w h i c h p r e si d e d

, ,
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.

rit e s an d i n n ovat i on s c omm i tt e d on th e ol d syst e m of Fr ee m asonry ,

wh ic h w e r e e rst so ri f e on th e E u rop e an C on t i n e n t w e m ust l ook ,

e l s e wh e r e t h an t o t h e l awful D e put i e s I n sp e ctors G e n e ral u n d e r t h e -

ol d syst e m .

T h e origi n al m i n ut e s an d docu m e n ts l e ft by I l l B rot h e r .

F r a n c k e n wh o e stab l ish e d th e A l b any L odg e of P e rf e cti on i n 1 7 6 7

, ,

e vi nc e th e m ost scru p ul ous avoi da nc e of i n t e rf e r e nc e wi t h th e M as

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R A C hapt e rs or E ncam p m e nts of K n igh ts T e m plars e stabl i sh e d

. .

i n t h i s coun t ry ti l l t hi rty y e ars aft e rward t o sp e ak of i n t e rf e r e n c e ,

w it h t h e m woul d b e an anac h r o n i s m i c ab su rdi ty aki n t o t h os e ,

r e c e n tly spawn e d by ign oran c e or d e sign to m i sl e ad u n i n form e d

B r e t h r e n or for ot h e r u nwort hy purp os e s
, .

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st i tu ti on of 1 78 6 w as t h at at C harl e st on wh ose j urisd icti o n e x ,

t e n d e d con st i tuti on al ly ov e r th e wh ol e of th e U n i t e d S tat e s u n ti l ,

t h e y c on sti tut e d by t h e i r S p e ci al D e p u ty E D e L a M otta Il l

, , .
, .

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On M ay 3 1, 1 80 1 , th e S u p r e m e C oun c i l of th e 3 3 d D e gr e e for th e U
n i te d S ta t e s of
A m e ri c a wa s o p e n e d w i th th e hi g h h o n ors o f M a s on ry b y Bros Joh n M i tch e l l a n d .

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-

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.

E m a n u e l D e La M ot t a , D r J A ul d , D r J a m e s M oul tri e A b r a h a m A l e x a n d e r , M C Livy ,

. . . , . .

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.
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e S u p r e m e G r a n d C oun c i l for th e N orth e rn Juris d ic ti on of th e U n i t e d S t a t e s

2 Th

was fo u n d e d on A ugus t 5 1 8 1 3 , b y th e M 1 11 Broth e rs E D e La M ot t a

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u ty R e p r e s e n t a t iv e ” fro m th e s a i d S u pr e m e G r a n d Co un c i l a t C ha rl e s t on , D an i el D
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, .
, . .
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.
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2, 1 8 45 , th e e s t a b l ish m e n t o f our N orth e rn S u pr e m e Co un ci l is s h o w n b y a u th e n ti c a t e d

doc u m e n ts i n th e p oss e ssion o f th i s (th e C h a rl e s ton ) C o un ci l i n a ccord a n c e w i th th e ,

S e c r e t C ons ti t utions , b y E m a n u e l D e La M o tt a a s th e R e p r e s e n t a tiv e a n d u nd e r th e

1 18
 1 87 4 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

th e N
ort h e rn an d S ou th e rn J u ri sd icti on s w e r e d e fin e d an d r e gu
lat e d A can di d r e vi e w of al l th e acts of th e con sti tut io nal r e gul a
.

tors an d gov e rn ors of ou r R i t e i n t h e s e U n it e d S tat e s ca nn ot fai l t o

e stab l i sh th e fal si ty Of t h i s c h arg e of i nt e rf e r e n c e o n t h e i r p art If .

I a m n ot m uc h m ist ak e n t h e y h av e b e e n m or e si n n e d agai n st t ha n
,
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si n n i ng I f w e h av e n ot clai m e d th e b e n e fit of th e l egal m ax i m s
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u r e, t h as n ot b ee n b e caus e w e w e r e n ot e n ti t l e d t o t h i s b e n e fi t .

O n D e c e m b e r 4 1 8 0 2 ou r S out h e rn S up r e m e C ou nc i l pu b
, ,

l i sh e d a r e p ort fro m w hi c h I m ak e t h e fol l owi ng e x t racts T h ey .

sp e ak for t h e ms e lv e s
A l t h ough m any of th e S u bl i m e d e gr ee s ar e i n fact a cont i n u
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,

two bodi e s T h rough ou t th e con ti n e n t of E urop e an d th e W e st

.

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, ,

an d e ncourag e d T h e S u b li m e M ason s n e v e r i n i tiat e any i n t o th e

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,

from a S y m b ol i c G ran d L odg e ; b ut t h e y c om m u n i cat e th e s e cr e ts

of th e c h ai r to su c h ap p l icants as h av e n ot al r e ad y r e c e i v e d t h e m ,

p r e vi ous t o t h e i r i n i t iati o n i n to th e S u b l i m e Lodg e ; y e t t h e y ar e

at th e sam e ti m e i n form e d t hat i t do e s n ot gi v e t h e m rank as
s a n c ti on a n d a u th ori ty o f th e C oun c i l a t C h a rl e s ton T h e M a son i c J uri sd i c tion of th e
.

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,
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p a rts of th e U n i te d S t a t e s A n d thi s w i th th e C ou n c i l a t Ch a rl e s ton a r e th e on l y

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,

fro m th e p ub li c e y e — th e i r a u thori ty h as n e v e r b e e n a n d c a nno t b e a b ro ga t e d T h e y

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h ol d i n th e i r a rchi v e s c e rtifi e d c o p i e s o f th e S e c r e t C ons ti tu tion s d e ri v e d fro m th e ,

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.

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, ,
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b e e n con fi d e d to th e i r k e e p in g l i k e th e s a c r e d fi r e of th e V e s t a ls h a s b e e n p r e s e rv e d
, ,

un e xti nguish e d on th e ir a l ta rs "

.

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i ts righ ts a n d p ri vi l e ge s s o fa r a s th e y r e l a t e to th e fi rs t th r ee d eg r e e s o f A n ci e n t C r a ft
,

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, ,

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.

a n d S outh e rn S u pr e m e C oun c ils 1 845 , T h e o bj e c t o f th e S u p r e m e C ou nc i l i s n o t to i n

.
~

te r fe e w i th th e righ ts of a n y oth e r b od i e s b u t s i m p ly to p r e s e rv e fro m d e c a y o r i n nov a

r ,

tion th os e S u b li m e tru th s a n d i n e fla b l e m yst e ri e s w h i c h w h il e th e y t hro w a b righ t e r l igh t

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u pon th e p ur e syst e m o f A n c i e n t C r a ft M a s onry , c a n b e a t t a in e d on l y by th os e w h o h a v e

sough t for ligh t i n th e d e e p e s t r e c e ss e s o f th e M a son i c T e m p l e T h e y as k th e r e for e .
, ,

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,

of th e i r B re thr e n to w ho m th e y t a k e th i s oc c a s ion of off e ring th e ri g h t h a n d of b roth e rl y

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lov e a n d a ffe c ti on . C/za r /es ton Ci r c u l a r 1 84 5 , .
 1 8 76 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

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a w e l l p e rsuad e d t h at ou r S u p r e m e G ran d C ou n ci l wil l e v e r
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, ,

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W e clai m n ot to k e e p th e vi n e yards of
.

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.
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ou r j i g tr ee
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sp e ctor G e n e ral i n 1 7 8 6 an d th e a dop ti on o f th e con sti tut i o nal
-
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p rovi si ons by wh ic h on th e d e c e as e o f th e gr e at F r e d e ri ck h i s
, , ,

au t h ori ty an d d ut i e s ov e r o ur ord e r i n b ot h h e m i sp h e r e s w e r e t ran s

fe rr e d t o a l i m i t e d n u m b e r of B r e t h re n i n e ach n at i on O p e rat e d ,

p ract i cal ly as a d i stri but i on am ong m any B r e t hr e n of t h e h igh M a

so ni c p ow e rs an d p r e rogati v e s origi n ally p oss e ss e d by on e G ran d ,

M ast e r N otwi t h stan di ng th e n u m e ro us e ff ort s m ad e t o e n ligh t e n

.

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i ts e l f a n d al l oth e rs o f ou r sai d R i t e an d con f e rri ng right s an d ,
“
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ti on s of ou r ord e r of an e x e cut i v e c h aract e r i t i s sti l l g e n e rally
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.
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t i on d e liv e r e d b e for e th e S u b l i m e G r a n d Lod g e of C h a rl e s ton S C M a rc h 2 1 1 803 , . .

, , .

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- T h e h i g h e r C o un ci ls a n d Ch a p t e rs
.

c oul d n ot b e op e n e d w i th out h i s p r e s e n c e or th a t o f h i s s ub s ti t ut e , w h o m h e m u s t a p p oi n t .

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-
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t a c h e d to h i s M a son i c r a n k N o p rovis ion h o we v e r , h a d b e e n m a d e i n th e Con s ti tu ti on s

.
,

for th e a p p oin t m e n t of h i s s uc c e ssor ; a n d a s i t wa s a n offi c e o f th e h i g h e s t i m p ort a n c e ,

,

th e u t m os t c a u tion w a s n e c e ss a ry to p r e v e n t a n i m p rop e r p e rson fro m ob t a in in g i t Th e

‘

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,
-
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p os s e s s e d a ll h i s M a soni c p r e roga tiv e s a n d p owe r ov e r th e Cr a ft T h e y a r e th e E xe c u .

tiv e Body of th e M a son i c F r a t e rni ty , a n d th e i r a p p rov a l i s n ow n e c e ss a ry to th e a c ts of

th e Con sis tory , b e for e th e y c a n b e co m e l a w s ; a n d fro m th e i r d e ci sio n th e r e c a n b e

n o a p peal .

I n 1 8 2 5 I r e c e i v e d fro m M os e s H ol b rook M D a t th a t t i m e S ov G r a n d Co m m a n d e r
, . .
, .

of th e C h a rl e s ton S u pr e m e C ounc i l a l e tt e r i n a n s we r t o so m e in q ui ri e s r e l a tiv e to th e

,

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,
A l l th e tr a n s a c
ti on s of r e qui r e d th e s a n c ti on o f F r e d e ri ck W i l li a m I I ( wh o h a d for m a ny .

y e a rs b e e n th e h e a d a n d p a tron of th e O rd e r ) or th a t o f h i s s ub s ti t ut e to e s t a b lis h th e ir
, ,
 S CO T T I S H R ITE IN TH E U N IT E D S TA T E S 1 877

“
but m ost e rron e ou sly con si d e r e d as an h on orary d i sti nct i on
m e r e l y an d as a n ordi nary d e gr e e i n F r e e m ason ry ; an d on e to
,

wh ic h al l B r e th r e n havi ng th e u sual qual i ficati on s r e qui r e d for i mi ti

ati on i n t o m ost of th e l ow e r d e gr e e s h av e a right t o asp i r e .

T h e t e n u r e of O fli c e i n a S u pr e m e G ra n d C ou n ci l b e i ng for
l i fe a s e at i n suc h a b ody can b e v acat e d only by d e at h r e sign a
, ,

t i on or r e moval fro m i ts j uri sdi ction

, T h i s i s a fun dam e n tal law
.
,

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,

c l u d e fro m our l i ttl e c i rcl e som e good tru e an d worthy B r e t h r e n , , ,

w h o w oul d n o dou bt adorn our ass e m bl i e s an d p rov e fai t hfu l con

, , ,

s e r v a to r s r e gul ators an d gov e rn ors o f our R i t e

, , .

B y b e i ng t e n ac ious of o f fi ci al stati on I m ay b e th e m e an s o f e x ,

cl u di ng B re t h r e n wh os e c oun c i l s ar e n e e d e d a n d I m ay al so stan d
i n th e way of th e j ust pr e f e rm e nt of my c om p e e rs M ov e d by .

r e ason s l ik e t h e s e I h av e n am e d an d d e si rous O f s e tti ng a n e x am

,

p l e w h i ch if di scr e e tly fol low e d m ay wi th out v iolati on of ou r or

, ,

g an i c l aws s e rv e i n a d e gr e e t o m odi fy wh at i s al b e i t wi t h ou t good

, ,
“ "
r e ason d e e m e d t oo e x cl usi v e a f e atu r e i n ou r sub l i m e syst e m I
, ,

nav e con cl u d e d to r e sign t h e O ffici al stati on I n ow h ol d i n t h i s

co unc i l T h e r e ar e ot h e r c on si d e rat i ons also w h ic h i n d uc e m e t o
.

ad op t t h i s cours e .

By a con sti tu ti onal r e gulati on of ou r ord e r th e O ffi c e of c h i e f ,

cu st odi an of our arch i v e s d e vol v e s u p o n t h e S O V G ran d C om m an d .

e r wh o s h oul d for t h i s an d an al ogous r e ason s w e l l u n d e rstood b

, , y
us b e a r e si d e n t of o n e of th e E asts i n our j uri sd i cti on L i vi ng as
, .

l
ga l i ty M a n y oth e r p r e ro g a tiv e s w e r e a tt a c h e d to h i s M a s on i c r a n k a n d n ot l e a s t i n
e .

th e cons i d e r a ti on of th e d a y i t w as th ou g h t th a t i n th e U ni t e d S t a t e s j us t e m e rg e d fr om
, ,

th e th r a ldo m o f th e m oth e r coun try a ft e r a l on g a n d a rd u ou s s tru g gl e for th e i r li b e rty i t

, ,

w ould b e high ly i m p rop e r to h a v e th e M a son i c h e a d a n d j urisdic tion ov e r th e I n e ff a b l e

a n d S u b l i m e d e g r e e s i n a noth e r c oun try , a n d to p a y a ll e gi a n c e o f a n y ki n d to a for e i g n

p ot e n t a t e T h e s e d i ffi c ul ti e s a d d e d t o th e i m p ort a nc e a tt a c h e d to th e h i g h e s t o ffi c e i n
.
,

F r e e m a son ry , a n d th e v e ry g r e a t c a u ti on n e c e s s a ry to p r e v e n t a n u nsu i t a b l e p e rson fr om

o b t a in ing a n offi c e s o r e s p e c t a b l e , i n fl u e n ti a l a n d i m p ort a n t w e i g h e d w ith th e K in g a n d
, ,

th e hi g h Con sis tory ov e r w h i c h h e p r e si d e d U p on r e a d in g th e r e s p e c tful p e ti ti on s a n d

.

s t a t e m e n ts m a d e to th e m d urin g th e y ea rs 1 7 8 4 a n d 1 7 8 5 th e s ubj e c t w a s r e fe rr e d to a
,

h igh ly l e a rn e d a n d a b l e c o m m i tt e e ,w h o r e p ort e d th is d e gr e e (th irty th i rd ) to con s ti tut e -

n ine i n e a c h n a tion a S up r em e Cou n c i l o f S ov e r e i g n G r a n d I n s p e c tors Ge n e r al ;

,
-

a n d th e y b e in g d ul y org a n i z e d a c cr e d i t e d
,
a n d a p p rov e d
, s h oul d a t h i s d e c e a s e p oss e s s
,

a l l h i s M a son i c p r e rog a tiv e s ov e r th e c on c e rn s o f th e C r a ft w i thi n th e coun try or t e rri tory

ov e r w h ic h th e ir j u r i s d ic ti on e xt e nd e d ; a n d th e i r a p p oin t m e n t w a s a d v ta m T h e y b e
’

z .

c a m e th e E xe c u tiv e B od y o f th e M a son i c F r a t e rni ty w i th i n th e i r t e rri tory T h is a rr a nge .

m e n t a n n ul l e d a ll f or m e r p o w e rs gr a n t e d to i n d ivi d u a ls ( D e p I n s G e n ) i n d i ffe r e nt
.
-
.

p a rts of th e w orl d .
1 87 8 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

I do i n th e i n t e ri or of my n at i v e S tat e i t i s n ot m e e t for m e to
,

b e co m e suc h c ustod ian O u r arch i v e s val uabl e an d vol u m i n ou s

.
, ,

sh oul d h av e a fi x e d an d p e rm an e n t d e p osi tory u n d e r th e c harg e of ,

t h e i r c on sti tut ional gu a rd ian .

M y associ at io n for a qu art e r of a c e n tu ry wi t h t h i s S u pr e m e

G ran d C oun cil an d m y acti v e part ic i pati on i n i ts work s an d a d
,

m i n istrati v e d ut i e s I h av e spok e n of i n m y an t e c e d e n t r e m ark s

, .

I av e rt t o th e fact agai n an d i n t h i s con n e c ti on to r e m i n d you

, , ,

t h at i t pl ac e s m e b e fo r e you i n suc h a p osi ti on as t o r e n d e r i n a ,

m e asur e ap pl i cabl e t o my own cas e th e r e ason for abd i cati on a d

,

v anc e d by m y v e n e rabl e p r e d e c e ssor d e duc i bl e fro m h i s l ong t e rm

,

of s e rvi c e .

M y m uc h e st ee m e d c om p e e r you r M ost I l l ustri ous I n sp e ctor

,
“

L i e u t e nan t G ran d C o m m an d e r E d ward A R aym on d i n th e e v e n t

, .
,

of m y ab d icati on of th e p r e si d e ncy of t hi s c ou nc i l i s p oi nt e d ou t ,

by th e c on sti tut i on s as m y succ e ssor I t g r atifi e s m e t o r e fl e c t

.

th at suc h i s th e case I f t h e r e w e re n o con sti tuti on al p rov i si on

.

r e stri ct i ng m y d uty i n th e e m e rg e ncy n am e d an d th e s e l e cti on of ,

m y su cc e ssor w e r e l e ft t o m y ow n fr e e c h oic e I c oul d n ot m ak e ,

a s e l e cti o n m or e cong e n ial to m y f ee l i ngs or m ore i n accordan c e ,

w it h my c onv i ct i on s of d uty I h av e k n own h i m for t hr ee t i m e s

.

t h r e e y e ars twi c e t ol d as a B roth e r of th e myst i c ti e an d a ,

“
p osse ssor of th e h igh d e gr e e s H i s M ason i c ag e an d e x p e ri e n c e
.
,

d e ri v e d from l ong an d r e p e at e d s e rvi c e s as a rul e r i n oth er d e part

‘
m e n ts of M asonry a n d th e sati sfact i o n h e has giv e n to h is com
,

pani o ns i n th e d isc h arg e of h i s ad mi n ist e rial d uti e s aff ord a n e ar ,

n e st t h at h e wi l l n ot b e fou n d wan ti ng as a c h i e f ad m i n i strator i n

“ "
our A n ci e n t an d A c c e pt e d R it e I a m assur e d th at h e h as th e
.

r e qu ir e m e nts d e m an d e d by ou r B ook of C onst itu t i on s t h at h e ,

“
c an b e e n t i r e ly d e p e n d e d o n t h at h i s di scr e ti on i s p roof agai n st
,

al l tri al s h i s capaci ty ack n owl e dg e d an d h i s p ro b ity u n tou ch e d

, ,
.

In 1 am b i t i o n of o n e m an caus e d som e t roub l e i n t h i s

8 5 9 th e
S upr e m e C oun c i l G ran d C om man d e r R aym on d cont e n d e d th at
.

t h e p ow e rs of F r e d e ri ck w e r e v e st e d i n h i m as G ran d C o m
man d e r an d n ot i n th e C ou n ci l as a body H e had c on f e rr e d .

th e 3 3 d D e gr e e up on P aul D e an an d th e S u p r e m e C ou n ci l ha d
,

Bro R a y m ond i s th e p re s e n t G r a n d M a s t e r of th e G r a n d Lod g e o f M a ss a ch us e t ts ,

.

and h a s b e e n a t th e h e a d of th e G r a n d C h a p t e r E n c a m p m e n t o f M a ss a ch us e tts
 fi rst fi tm ent Sits .
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B e i t K n own , T h at on th e 1 7 t h day of th e H e b r e w m ont h
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1 86 3
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e i n G ran d I n sp e ctors G e n e r al of th e 3 3 d a n d l ast D e gr e e of t h e
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A n ci e n t an d A cc e pt e d R i t e for th e N ort h e rn J uri sdicti on of t h e
U n i t e d S tat e s of A m e rica , si tti ng at B oston , w as d uly con sol i dat e d
w it h t h e S u pr e m e G ran d C ou nci l of S ov e r e ign G ran d I nsp e ctors
G e n e ral of t h e 3 3 d an d last D egr e e of th e A an d A R i t e for th e . .

U n it e d S tat e s of A m e ri ca , t h e i r T e rritori e s an d D e p e nd e nci e s , sit

t i ng at N e w Y ork , u pon t e rm s hon orab l e an d j ust al ik e t o all par
ti e s i n t e r e st e d t h e r e i n .

B e i t furth e r K n own T h at th e fol l owi ng S ov e r e ign G ran d I n

,

sp e ct ors G e n e ral i n pu rsuan c e of suc h c onsol i dati on c om pri s e th e

, ,

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n i z e d an d r e sp e ct e d ac cordi ngly .

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wh o m i t m ay conc e rn .

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c aus e d t h e S e al of t h e S upr e m e G ran d C ou n ci l t o b e a ffi x e d .

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1 882 H I S TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

th e ex c e pti on of fou r b odi e s i n th e ci ty of N e w Y ork wh i c h ha d ,

b e e n organ i z e d p ri or t o th e sc hi sm al l oth e rs co nt i n u e d i n t h e i r ,

al l e gi an c e t o t h i s b ody I n 1 8 6 7 t h e r e w e r e tw e n ty e igh t act i v e

.
-

m e m b e rs o n th e rol l .

I n 1 8 6 2 t h r e e S u pr e m e C oun c ils cl ai m e d j uri sdi ction ov e r th e

N ort h e rn s e cti on of th e U n i t e d S tat e s I n A p ri l 1 8 6 2 by th e .
, ,

r e cords of R ay m on d C ou ncil th e Ce rn e au b ody pr e sid e d ov e r by , ,

H ays had m ad e ov e rt ur e s t o t h e R ay m on d fact ion for a u n i on of

,

th e two an d c om m itt e e s w e r e ap p oi n t e d t o m ee t for t h e p u rp os e of

,

organ i z i ng for suc h u n i on J an uary 2 3 1 8 6 3 i t was r e p ort e d t o

’

.
, ,

th e R ay m on d b ody t h at t h e r e was a r e ason abl e p rosp e ct of e ff e c t

i ng th e u n i on an d th e c om m i tt ee w as gran t e d ful l p ow e r to act
, .

J an uar y 1 9 1 8 6 3 i n th e H ays b ody S i m i lar action e n su e d

, , .

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, ,

u po n by wh ic h th e two cou nci l s w e r e c onsol i dat e d Th e n u m b e r .

o f m e m b e rs was i n cr e ase d t o s e v e n t ee n an d e ac h m e m b e r an d , ,

b ody was r e qu ir e d t o tak e th e oat h of all egianc e to th e n e w body

,

w h e n t h e y h ad th e sa m e statu s as t h ey r e sp e cti v e ly h ad un d e r th e
origi nal b odi e s .

R aym on d R an dal l P aig e H ugh e s R ob i nson L awson F i e l d

, , , , , , ,

an d M c Cl e n ac h a n of th e R aym on d b ody ; an d H ays T h om p son , ,

S ickl e s R ob e rts Le v e ri dg e S ey m ou r B ank s J arvi s an d I n ni s of

, , , , , ,

t h e H ays b ody c on st itu t e d th e m e m b e rsh ip of th e u n i t e d b ody

, .

“
O n th e p r e c e di ng pag e i s S h own th e copy of th e A rti cl e of
C on sol i dat i on .

A pri l 1 5 1 8 6 3 H ays h avi ng b ee n agr e e d u p on as G ran d Co m

, , ,

m an d e r i n stal l e d th e O ffi c e rs A l l th e m e m b e rs of b ot h th e form e r
,
.

b o di e s w e r e r e q u i re d t o tak e t h e oath of fe al ty t o th e n e wly un i t e d

body h e nc e th e clai m se t u p a fe w y e ars su bs e qu e ntly t hat th e
, , ,

R aym on d b ody was m e rg e d i n th e H ays Coun ci l i s e n ti r e ly wi th out

fou n dati on ; m or e ov e r wh e n a fe w of th e ol d H ays C ou n ci l w i t h
,

d r e w from th e u n i t e d body th e larg e m aj ori ty an d th e m ost e m, ,

i n e n t Br e th r e n r e m ai n e d tru e i n t h e i r al l e gian c e t o t h at body

, .

A ch ang e was m ad e i n th e c on sti tuti on by wh i c h th e act i v e

m e m b e rshi p w a s i nc r e as e d t o tw e nty four b e si d e s th e n i n e offi c e rs
-
, .

T h e m e m b e rs of t h i s u n it e d b ody b e cam e v er y acti v e ; a v e ry

larg e n u m b e r r e c e i v e d th e 3 3 d D e gr e e m any n e w b od i e s w e r e i n
sti t ut e d pa r ti c ul arly i n S tat e s w h e r e th e S c otti sh R it e h ad n ot h e r e
,

tofor e b ee n wo k e d al l i n th e N ort h e rn J u r i sd icti on

r
, .
I S S4 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

A t an adj ourn e d s e ssi on of th e S u p C ou nc i l for th e N ort h e rn .

J u ri sd icti on of th e U S h e l d D e c e m b e r 1 4 1 8 6 5 th e Com m i ssi o n

. .
, , ,

r e n d e r e d th e foll owi ng r e p ort

1 11 B ro
. B an k s c h ai rm an of th e c om m issi o n ap poi n t e d t o i n v e s
.
,

tig a te c e rtai n c h arg e s an d sp e ci ficati on s p r e s e n t e d t o t h is S up r e m e

C ou n ci l ag a i n st H arry J S e ym ou r a p ast offi c e r of t h is S u pr e m e

.
,

C ou n ci l r e port e d t h at th e y h ad c ar e full y e x am i n e d th e sai d c h arg e s

,

and sp e ci ficati on s an d th e p roofs t h e r e of t h at th e afor e sai d H arry

,

S e y m ou r ha d b e e n d ul y n oti fi e d t o att e n d t h e m e e ti ngs of t h e

J .

c om m i ssi on had b e e n s e rv e d wi t h a c opy of th e c h arge s a n d sp e ci

fi c ation s ; t h at i n al l cas e s h e h ad r e fus e d or n e gl e ct e d to pay any
att e nt i on to suc h n otic e s an d t hat your com m i ssi on hav e arri v e d at
th e con clu si on t hat th e c harg e s an d S p e ci fi cat i on s hav e b ee n ful ly

sustai n e d an d o ff e r th e fol l owi ng r e sol uti o n

,

“
R es ol v ed T h at t h e sai d H arr y J S eym our b e an d h e i s h e r e by
, .
, ,

e x p e l l e d fro m al l t h e righ ts an d p ri vi l e g e s of M ason ry i n e v e ry

bran c h of th e A S cott ish R it e

. .

S ign e d , H E N R Y C B A N KS .
,

J OH N I N N ES Com m i ttee
, .

H O P K I N S T H O M P SON ,

O n m ot i on th e r e p ort was r e c e i v e d a nd t h e r e sol ut i on u nan i

m ou s l y ad op t e d th e m e m b e rs vot i ng
, vi va voc e by rol l c all b e -
,

gi n n i ng wi t h t h e J u n i or M e m b e r .

A tru e c opy fro m th e r e c ords ,

A tt e st : D A N I E L S I CK E L S ,

[GR E A T SE A L ] Gr . S ecs . Gen a H E .

A co m m i tt ee was ap poi nt e d t o tak e i nto con si d e rati on th e p ro

r ie t of r e su m i ng t h e ol d n am e v i z t h e S u p r e m e C ou n ci l of th e
p y , .

N orth e rn J uri sd i cti on of t h e U ni t e d S tat e s of A m e ri ca i n l i e u of

“
th e o n e at pr e s e n t a dopt e d A lso i t was r e sol v e d t h at th e G ran d
.

C om m an d e r app oin t o n e or m or e d e l e gat e s t o r e pai r to C h arl e ston ,

"
S out h Carol i n a at t h e m ee t i ng of th e S out h e rn S upr e m e C ou n c i l
, .

T h e r e p o r t of th e co m m itt ee was u n an i m ously ad opt e d i n favor

of r e su m i ng th e ol d nam e of th e S u pr e m e C ou nci l of t he N ort h
”
e r n J u ri sdi cti o n of t h e U n it e d S tat e s T h us i t app e ars t h at th is
.

S u pr e m e C ou ncil co m p os e d of t h e m os t d i sti ngui sh e d M asons

,

a mong t h e ol d m e m b e rs of th e two cou nci l s ful ly r e cogn i z e d th e ,

S upr e m e C ou nci l of t h e S ou th e rn J uri sd i cti on .

 S CO T T I S H R ITE IN TH E U N IT E D S TA TE S 1 885

B rot h e rs P aig e a n d M c Cl e n ac h an h ad vi si t e d th e cou nci l at

Charl e ston an d a n oral r e port was m ad e to th e S upr e m e C ou n ci l ,

D e c e m b e r 1 4 1 8 6 5 b ut i t do e s n ot app e ar on r e cord
, ,
H ays r e .
c

sign e d h i s o ffi c e of G ran d Com m and e r an d R ob i n son w as e l e ct e d

,
.

I t i s g e n e ral ly i n f e rr e d t hat t h e S outh e r n S up r e m e Cou nci l d id

n ot agr e e th at t h ey wou l d e n t e r i nto r e cogn it i on wi t h a cou n c il

w h os e c h i e f o ffi c e r was n ot c onsi d e r e d a r egul ar m e m b e r of th e

S cott i sh R it e a n d had d e n i e d th e r egul ari ty of th e u n i o n an d R ay
, ,

m on d b e i ng d e ad R ob i nson was h i s succ e ssor A s ab ov e sh ow n

, .
,

th e e l e ct i on of R obi n son fol l ow e d so t hat b ot h by e l e c ti o n an d

,
“
s ucc e ssi on h i s t i tl e woul d b e p e rf e ct T h e r e cord says :
. A
m aj ority of all th e o ffi c e rs an d acti v e m e m b e rs of th e S up r e m e
”
C ou nci l w e r e pr e s e n t .Luci u s R P aig e was ap p oi n t e d t o v isi t
.

th e S ou t h e rn S up r e m e Cou n ci l at t h e i r m ee ti ng h e l d A p ri l 1 6 ,
1 866 .

A t th e m ee ti ng of th e cou n c i l h e l d i n N ew Y ork J u n e 5 1 8 66 , ,

i n th e ad dr e ss of R o bi n son G ran d Com m an d e r h e stat e d t hat the

, ,

R aym on d Cou nc i l w as forc e d i n to th e u n i on wi t h th e H ays Cou n

ci l for s e l f pr e s e rvat ion an d r e f e rr e d t o th e B r e t h r e n th e q u e sti on of
-
,

s e cu ri ng fri e n dly r e lat i on s wi th th e S out h e rn S u pr e m e Coun cil .

A t th e S outh e rn S upr e m e Cou nci l m e e ti n g h e l d A p ril 6 1 8 6 6 , ,

th e G ran d Com m an d e r e n t e r e d at som e l e ngt h up on th e occu rr e nc e s

i n t h e N ort h e r n J uri sdicti on w h ic h w as p lac e d i n th e ha n ds of a
,

c o m m i tt e e w h os e r e p ort was i n con so nan c e wi t h th e V i e ws of the

,

G ran d Com m an d e r .

T h e r e port of th e com m i tt e e was t o th e foll owi ng eff e ct n am e ly, ,

th at R o bi nson h ad b ee n duly ap poi n t e d Li e u t e n an t G ran d Co m »

m an d e r by R aym on d b e for e th e d e p osi ti on o f th e l at t e r ; an d h e n c e

i f R aym on d h ad b ee n l e gal l y d e p os e d R ob i nson on h i s d e positi on
, , ,

woul d n at ural ly succ e e d h i m as G ran d Com m an d e r an d i f R aym on d ,

had n ot b ee n l e gally d e p os e d stil l R o bi nson , n ow t h at R ay m on d

,

w a s d e a d wou l d b e h i s l e gi t i m at e succ e ssor

, T h e r e p ort add e d
.

t hat th e o nly l e gi ti m at e m e m b e rs of th e cou n c i l at th e t i m e aft e r th e ,

d e at h of H u b b ard w e re M oor e Cas e Y ou ng, an d S tark w e at h e r ,

, , ,

th at bot h of th e fact i on s h ad act e d i n a m an n e r t h at w as i l l e gal an d

n e i th e r of t h e m co u l d b e r e cogn i z e d T h i s d e ci si on di d n ot fi n d
.

g e n e ral acc e pt anc e an d was c h al l e nged on th e al l e gati on t h at th e as

sum pt i on t h at th e N ort h e rn S u pr e m e C ou n ci l c oul d h av e o nly n i n e
m e m b e rs was e rron e ous i n p oi nt of l aw W h e th e r t h is assum pti o n
.
1 8 86 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

b y the co m m i tt e e was or was n ot e rron e ous i s a m att e r of no m o

m e n t at th i s ti m e as i t i s g e n e ral ly ad m i tt e d t hat th e N ort h e rn
,

S u p r e m e Cou n ci l had th e r igh t to i ncr e as e at p l e asur e th e n u m b e r

of i ts activ e m e m b e rs .

T h e N ort h e rn S u pr e m e C ou n c i l u p on a su m m ons fro m the ,

G ran d C o m m an d e r R ob i nson m e t i n B oston D e c e m b e r 1 1 , 1 8 6 6

, , .

M oor e Ca s e S tarkw e at h e r an d Y ou ng alt h ough i n clu d e d i n th e

, , , ,

su m m ons d i d n ot a pp e ar a n d R obi n son d e clar e d t h e ir s e ats vacan t ;

, ,

th e r e up on b e i ng h i m se l f as th e on ly m e m b e r h e t h e n p roc e e d e d t o
, ,

fi ll th e vacan c i e s accord i ng to th e provi si o ns of the Con sti tutio n of

1 786 . T h e r e w e r e t h e n p r e s e n t t w e l v e of th e acti v e an d te n of
th e h on ora ry m e m b e rs o f th e u n i t e d c ou nc i l Th e G ran d Com .

m an d e r sa i d t hat h e was acti ng wi t h th e un an i m o us c on s e n t of

"
e v e ry m e m b e r of t h at c ou n c i L

T h e l egal e ff e ct o f t h e s e p roc ee d i ngs w as a r e organ i z ati on of th e

U n i t e d Cou n ci l j ust as i f th e o ffi c e rs an d m e m b e rs h ad e l e ct e d
,

t h e m s e lv e s agai n I n form n o dou b t, t h e r e was a d issol u ti on of th e

.
,

U n it e d Cou nc i l an d th e organ i z at i on of a n e w cou nci l b u t th e s u b

, ,

stanc e w as as stat e d ab ov e A ll m e m b e rs h ad th e sa m e status n o

.
,

n e w oat h was r e qu i r e d e v e ryo n e was r e c ogn i z e d as G ran d I n s p e c

,

t or G e n e ral al l th e acts of th e U n i t e d Cou n cil w e r e con fi rm e d a n d

-
, ,

its act i on s of e v e ry k i n d r e cogn i z e d as st i ll i n full forc e I n e v e r y .

way th e proc e e di ngs w e r e n ot h i ng m or e or l e ss t ha n a form al r e or o

g a n iz ati on of a n e x i sti ng b o dy i n d e f e r e nc e t o th e r e qu i r e m e nts of

th e S out h e rn S upr e m e C ou n c i l B ut al th ough th e ac ti on of th e
.

co m mi tt ee was i n t e n d e d to m e e t th e wi sh e s of th e S out h e rn S up r e m e
Counc il , i t d i d n ot sat isfy th e l att e r b o dy , wh ic h d e si r e d to e ff e ct
a p er f e ct u n i on a n d h ad h op e d t o s e e th e fi v e m e m b e rs w h om i t
,

h ad d e ci d e d t o b e acti v e m e m b e rs u n i ti ng i n th e act i on to b e tak e n .

T h e p osi ti on of th e N e w Y ork Cou n c i l was th e r e for e sti ll i n d ou bt .

I n D e c e m b e r 1 8 6 6 i t p ub l ish e d a ful l r e p ort of i ts p roc e e di ngs ; a n d

, ,

i t h ad al re ady ad op t e d a r e sol uti on wi t h a vi e w t o s e curi ng a u n i o n

,

wi th th e B oston Cou nci l w h i c h was a copy o f th e on e pr e vi ou sly

,

adopt e d wi t h th e sam e vi e w t o u n ion , by th e B oston b ody .

T h e com m i tt e e s appoi nt e d w e r e as fol l ows : B os ton Cou n ci l ,

E van s o f N e w Y ork W ood bu ry of M assac hu s e tts D ru m m on d

, , , , ,

of M ai n e E l y of O h i o , Foss o f I l l i n oi s H arm on G R e yn ol ds
, , , , .
,

of I l l i n ois a n H on orary M e m b e r an d l at e r G ard n e r of M assa

, , ,

c h u se tts N ew Y or k Cou nc i l Le wi s P aig e M c Cl e n ac h an a nd

.
, , ,
1 8 88 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

ap pl i cati on t h at S e y m ou r b e gan h i s acti v e work an d th e su cc e ss of ,

h i s e ff o rts l i m i t e d as i t was e n cou rag e d ot h e rs wh o had b e e n m e m

, ,

b e rs of th e O l d H ays C ou nc i l b e fore th e un i on wi t h th e N orth e rn

,

Coun ci l t o start an an n e x ati on styl e d , Ce rn e au S u pr e m e C ou ncil

r e vi v e d . T h e s e m e n H op ki n s T h o m pson R ob e rt F olg e r an d
, ,

oth e rs had b ee n m e m b e rs of th e U n i t e d Coun c i l r e organ i z e d i n

,

1 8 6 7 an d ha d r e m ai n e d t h e r e i n ti l l 1 8 8 1 an d n ow s e t th e clai m th at
,

i n D e c e m b e r 1 8 6 6 t he U n i on Cou nc i l was an d t hat al l th e m e m

, , ,
~

b e rs w e r e r e l e as e d fro m t h e ir all e gian c e t o i t T h e y d i d n ot d e ny

, .

t h at t h e y h ad tak e n th e oat h of f e al ty to th e r e organ i z e d U n it e d

Coun ci l an d h ad b e e n l oyal m e m b e rs for fou rt ee n y e ars b ut t h e y
, ,

p l e ad e d th at t h e i r con d u ct aros e from t h e i r ign oran c e of th e p ro

c e e d i n s of th e cou nci l i n 1 8 6 6 an d t h e r e for e t h e y clai m e d t o b e a
g ,

r e v i val o f th e O l d H ays Co u nc il A s suc h t h ey cl ai m e d al so j uri s

.

d i ct i on ov e r th e S out h e rn t e rri to r y a clai m w h ic h T ho m pson a n d

,

Folg e r an d O t h e rs h ad u n an i m ously su rr e n d e r e d i n 1 8 6 7 T h ey .

d e ny al so th e l oyal ty of t h e S out h e rn S up re m e Cou n c il w h ic h i s ,

“ ”
e v e rywh e r e acc e pt e d as t h e M ot h e r Cou nci l o f th e W orl d an d ,

th e sourc e fro m wh i c h cam e th e 3 3 d an d last d egr e e .

N o r e gul ar S u p r e m e C ou nci l h as e v e r b ee n ackn ow l e dg e d as

e i th e r th e Ce rn e a u S up r e m e Co un c i l r e vi v ed or th e S e y m our
ass oc i at io n .
 S CO TT I S H R I TE IN TH E U N IT E D S TA T E S 1 8 89

S up r em e Cou n c i l f
o tire S ou t/zer n y u r i s d i cti on o
f til e Un i ted S ta tes f
o

A m er i ca .

The f oll owi n g E xh i b i t s h ow s

n u m b e r o f A c ti v e a n d H o n o r a r y 3 3 d S a n d
th e

K C : C : H : s ; t h e n u m b e r of 1 4 t h a n d 3 2 d D e g r e e M e m b e r s ; t h e n u m
'

be r o f Lo d g e s , Ch a p t e r s , Co u n c i l s , Co n s i s t o r i e s , a n d G r a n d Co n s i s t o r i e s .

I
OR E N T .

A l a b am a
A ri on a z u
A rk a n s a s .
w n

Ca l i forn i a )
A o A
L
n
C ol or a do N O
D is tri c t of C ol u m b i a NA
- N
F lori d a h J
O
G e or gi a u
h
O
H a wa ii a n I sl a n d s N P-
I d ah o .
h-
I n di a n T e rri tory N
I owa 1

\O
Ja pa n .
I
\
Ka n sas
K e n tucky
Lou isi a n a

M inn e so ta .

'

M i s s i s s i pp

M on t a n a
N e b r a sk a
N eva d a
N e w M e xi co .

N orth Ca r ol i n a
N orth D a kot a 13
O kl a h o m a o °

O r e g on H0
S outh Ca rolin a 0
S ou th D a kot a O
O

T e n n e ss e e A
T e xa s ”W
U S A rm y
. . HO
U ta h H
V irgin i a O
W a sh ington i
h
W
W e s t V irgi n i a W
Wyo m in g .
N

T ot a ls 3 53 6 ,8 3 ° 80 ”
1 8 90 H I S TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

S ta te m en t f
o S u bor d i n a te M a son i c B od i es , th e i r n u m ber and m em be r s h ip, a nd th e

p p r o or tzon oj l ’
er E l u s ( 1 4d ) K n ig h ts R os e Cr oi x ( 1 8d ) , K n ig h ts K a d as h ( 3 0d ) , Al a s
f ec t .

ter s o f th e R oy a l S ecr e t ( 3 2 d ) , R oy a l A r ch M a s on s , a n d K n ig h ts Temp la r s to M a s te r

Al a s on s . in the s ev er a l S ta tes a n d Te r r i tor i es e m br a ced i n th e 7 u r i s d i c ti on o
f th e S u
p r em e Cou n c i l o f th e 3 3 d A : A f
o F r ee-M a s on r
y , f or th e S ou th er n M a s on i c
7u r is
d i c ti on i
t th e U . S A . .

B l ue Lod g e s.

OR E N T I .

M orn . No . M em . No . “em .

A labam a
A ri on a z
A rk a n s a s

Color a d o
D i st of Col .

F lorid a
G e org i a
H a wa i i a n I S
I dah o
I n d i a n Te r . .

I owa
Japan
K an s as 3 59 s 95 8
K e n tucky 46 4
Louisi a n a 13 3
M a ryl a n d 1 03
M i nn e sot a 2 08
M is si ssi p p i . 2 79
M issou ri .
5 64
M on t a n a .
47
N e b r a sk a . 229
N e vad a 20
N e w M e xi co . I9
N Ca rol in a
. .
3 07
N D a kot a
. .
50
O kl a ho m a 34
O r e gon 1 10
S C a rol i n a
. . 1 85
S D a k ot a
.
93
T e nn e ss e e 42 8
T exas 6 26
U 5 A rm y
. .

U t ah 9
V i r gi m a 2 69
W a sh in g ton .
99
W V irgi ni a
. 1 1 1
W yo m in g I6

T ot a l s 86 44 37
1 8 92 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

A P PE N D IX .

m e m b e rsh i p of B l u e Lodg e s
R oy a l A rc h
Co m m a nd e ri e s
Lodg e s o f
C h a p t e rs o f R os e
Coun c il s o f K a d os h
P a rti c ul a r Con s i s t ori e s

Pr op ort i on of R oy al A rc h M a son s to M a s t e r M a s ons .

K n igh t s Tem p l a r s
“
1 4d
u U
1 8d

sod
32d

No r e p ort i n S e c r e t a ry Ge n e r a l s o ffi c e o f 1 4d M as ons i n J a p a n , K e n t uc ky a n d Loui s

-
’
,
~

lam a w hic h a r e un d e r G r a n d Co nsi s tori e s

, .

N o Lod g e s o f P e rfe c tion i n N e v a d a U t a h or W y om i n g fr om w hi c h r e turn s a r e m a d e

, , .

a n d n o r e cord o f 1 4d .

N u m b e r o f B l u e Lod g e s , m e m b e rsh i p ,

N u m b e r of Lod g e s of P e rfe c ti on 8 6 m e m b e rsh i p

, ,

GR A N D I
CO N S S T O R E S I .

Or i e n t . O r ie nt .

P A R T CU LA RI I
CO N S S T O R E S I .

N am e of Bod y . N am e of Bod y .

Li ttl e R ock , A r k . D ul u th M in n
, ,

S a n F r a n c i s c o , Cal . Me rid i a n M i s s
, .

O a kl a n d , Ca l . S t Louis M o
.
, .

Los A ng e l e s , Cal . K a n s a s Ci ty M o , .

P a s a d e n a , Ca l . Livi n g s ton M on t , .

D e n v e r , C ol . B utt e M on t
, .

W a s h ington , D C . . O m a h a N eb
, .

Sa va n n a h , G a . F a rgo N D a k
, . .

Le w ist o n , I d a ho . G u th ri e O kl a
, .

Lyons , l a . P ortl a n d O r e
, .

Ce d a r R a pi d s , I a . Y a nk ton S D a k
, . .

D e s M oin e s , I a . D e a d w ood S D a k , . .

D a v e n port , I a . A b e rd e e n S D a k , . .

T o p e ka , Kan . M e m ph is , T e n n .

W i ch it a , K a n . R i c h m ond V a , .

S a li n a , K a n . S e t tl e W a sh
a , .

F ort S cott , K a n . S pok a n e W a sh

, .

St Pa u l M i nn
,
. W h e e l ing W V a , . .

Mi n n p oli s M in n
ea , .
 S CO T T I S H R IT E IN TH E U N IT E D S TA T E S 1 8 93

CO U N C LS O F I K IG N H T S K A D OS H .

N am e of B od y . O r i en t . N a m e of Bod y . Or i e n t .

Li t tl e R ock , A r k . D u lu th , M inn .

S a n F r a n c i sc o , Ca l , W inon a , M inn .

O a kl a n d , Ca l . M e ri d i a n , M is s .

Los A n g e l e s , Ca l . S t Lo uis , M o
. .

P a s a d e n a , Ca l . K a n s a s C ity , M o .

D e nv e r , Col . Liv ings ton , M on t .

W a sh ington , D C . . Bu tt e , M on t .

S a v a n n a h , Ga . Om a h a , N e b .

H on ol ulu , H I s l . . Fa rgo , N D a k. .

Le w i s ton , I d a ho . G uth ri e , O kl a .

Lyon s , I o wa . P ortl a nd , O r e .

C e d a r R a p i d s , I o wa . Y a n kton , S D a k . .

o o o o o o o o o o Des M oin s o
e , I wa . D e a d wood , S D a k . .

Da e v n p or o
t , I wa . A b e rd e e n , 5 D a k . .

La w e r nc
e , Ka n . M e m p hi s , T e n n .

T op k
e a , Ka n . G a lv e s ton , T e x .

F ort cot t
S , Kan . R i ch m on d , V a .

o o o o o o o o W i ch i t a K a n
, . S e a ttl e , W a sh .

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S a lin a K a n
, . O ly m p i a , W a sh .

B a l ti m or e , M d . S p ok a n e , W a s h .

S t P a ul M in n , . T a c o m a , W a sh .

M i nn e a p ol i s , M inn . W h e e lin g , W V a . .

CH A P T E R S O F K IG N H TS R OS E CR O IX .

Or ie n t . N am e o f Body . O r ie n t .

Bi r m in gh a m , A l a . S t Lou is , M o
. .

Li t tl e R ock A r k , . K a ns a s C i ty , M o .

S a n Fr a n ci sc o Ca l , . H e l e n a , M o nt .

O a kl a nd Ca l , . Liv i n g s ton , M o n t .

Los A n g e l e s Ca l ,
, B utt e , M on t .

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 P a s a d e n a Ca l , . Om ah a , N eb .

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D e nv e r Col, . Li n col n , N e b .

0 0 0 0 0 0 W a shington D C , . . H a s ti n gs , N e b .

S a v a nn a h G a , . F a rgo , N D ak
. .

A tl a n t a Ga
, . o o o o o o o o G u thri e , O kl a .

o o o o o o o o H onol ul u H I sl , . . P ortl a n d , O r e .

Le w i s ton I d a h o Ch a rl e s ton , S C
‘

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
, . . .

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lyons I o wa
, . Y a nkton , S D a k
. . .

o o o o o o o o o o Ce d a r R a p i ds I o wa , . D e a d w ood , S D ak . .

0 0 0 0 0 0 D e s M oin e s I o wa , . A b e rd e e n , S D a k . .

cc c c c c c D a v e n p ort I o wa , . M e m p hi s , T e n n .

T op e k a K a n
, . A us tin , T e x a s .

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 La w r e n c e K a n , . G alv e s ton , T e x .

For t S c ott K a n , . H ou s ton , T e x .

o o o o o o o o o o W i ch i t a K a n, . R ich m ond , V a .

S al in a K a n
, . S e a ttl e , W a sh .

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 K a ns a s C i ty K a n , . O ly m p i a , W a s h .

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 B a l ti m or e M d , . P t T o w n s e n d ,W a s h
. .

S t P a ul M in n
.
, . W a l l a W a l la W a s h ,
.

M i nn e a p ol i s M i n n , . T a co m a W a s h
, .

D ul u th M in n
, . S p ok a n e W a sh
, .

Win on a M in n, . W h e e li n g W V a, . .

M e ri di a n M i ss , .
1 894 H IS TOR Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

LOD G ES O F P E R F E CT O N I .

N am e of B od y . Or ie n t .

M on tgo m e ry , A l a . W i n slo w T u rn e r -
. P l a tts b u rg M o . .

Bi r m in g h a m , A l a . Colu m b i a . Col u m b i a , M o .

T uc son , A ri z . A l ph a H e l e n a , M on t .

Li ttl e R oc k , A r k . K h u ru m Livingston , M on t .

S a n F r a nc is c o , Ca l K ing S olo m on B ut t e , M on t .

O a kl a n d , Ca l . M oun t M ori a h . O m a h a, N eb .

Los A ng e l e s , Ca l . F i d uc i a . . H a s tings N e b
. .

S a cr a m e n to , Ca l . De l ta Lin col n , N e b .

M a rys vi l l e , Ca l . E m e th F r e m on t , N e b .

R e d l a n d s , Ca l . D a m a sc u s K e a rn e y , N e b .

P a s a d e n a , Ca l . S a n t a Fé S a n ta Fé , N M ex . .

S a n D i e go , Ca l . A l p ha A sh e vi ll e N C
. . .

V i s a li a , Ca l. E noch Fa rg o , N D a k. .

D e nv e r , Col . Lis b on Lis b on , N D a k . .

W a sh in g t on , D C . . Ca r m e l G r a n d F orks , N D . .

G e org e to w n , D C . . E l le n da le E ll e nd a l e , N D a k . .

O c a l a , Fl a
. H ills b oro H i ll s b oro , N D a k . .

J a c ksonv ill e , F l a D e vi l s La k e D e vi l ' s La k e , N D

'

. . .

P l a n t Ci ty , Fl a . G u th ri e G uthri e , O kl a .

S a v a nn a h , G a . O r e gon P ortl a n d , O r e .

A tl a n t a , G a . D e l ta Ch a rl e ston , S C . .

H onol u lu , H I s l . . A leph C ol u m b i a S C
. . .

Le w i s ton , I d a ho . A l ph a . Y a nk ton , S D a k . .

Ch i c k a s h a w , I n d T . W e b s te r W e b st e r , S D a k . .

Lyons , I o wa . G old e n B e l t D e a d wo o d , S D a k . .

Ce d a r R a p id s , I o wa I C B a tch e l or
. . A b e rd e e n , S D a k . .

D e s M oin e s , I ow a . D e l ta H o t S p rings , S D . .

D a v e n p ort , I o wa . A lb e rt P ik e E ur e k a S D a k
. . .

S a l in a , K a n . Joh n C h e s t e r J a ckson , T e nn .

T o p e k a , Ka n . M izpah M e m ph i s , T e n n .

La w r e nc e , K a n . S a n Fe l i p e G a lv e s ton , T e x .

F ort S c o tt , K a n . F i d e l i ty A usti n , T e x .

Wi c hi t a , K a n . S a n J a c in t o H ous ton , T e x .

K a n s a s C i ty , K a n . D al l a s D a ll a s , T e x .

B a l ti m or e , M d . Li b e rt a s R ic h m ond , V a .

G a ith e rs b ur g , M d . W a s h i n g t on S e a ttl e , W a sh .

S t P a ul M in n
. . O ly m p i a O ly m p i a , W a s h .

M i nn e a p o li s , M in n . La fa y e tt e P ort T o w ns e n d W . .

D ul u th , M i n n . Col u m b i a . W a l l a W a ll a W a sh , .

W i non a , M i n n . A lb e rt G M a ck e y . S p ok a n e W a sh
, .

M e rid i a n , M is s . T a co m a T a co m a W a sh
, .

Col u m b us , M is s . M c D a n iel Wh e e l in g W V a
, . .

S t Lo ui s , M o
. . P u rn e l l P a rk e rs b ur g W V a , . .

K a ns a s C i ty , M o . A rm y F t Le a v e n w orth K
.
, .

'
S up r e m e Cou n c i l yu r i so zcti on of th e U n i te d
'

f th e N
o or th er n M a s on i c

S ta tes o f A m er i ca .

Th e f oll ow i n g E x h i b it s h ow s t h e n u m b e r of A c t i v e a nd H o n o r a ry 3 3 d s
th e Co n s i s t o r i e s , a n d th e n u m b e r of C h a p t e r s , Co u n c i l s , a nd Lo d g e s o f P e r fe c

t i o n , of th e s e v e r a l S ta t e s of th e N o r t h e r n J u r i s d i c ti o n .

S ov er eig n Gr a n d I n sp ec tor s -Gener a l f ti r e T/ ur ty - l /z i r d a nd L a s t D eg r

'

o ee .

O ffi c e rs ri ti
H
33 Eme
A c tiv e m e m b e rs 48 Pa A s t c tiv e M em b er .
 1 8 96 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y
E A ST E R N S T A R LO D G E OF P E R FE CT I O N B a n gor
, . Date of Ch a r t e r , S e p t e m b e r

D E LT A LOD G E OF P E R FE CT ION ,
M a c h ia s . D a te Of Ch a r t e r , S e p t e m b e r 1 7,
1 8 91 .

K E N N E BE C V A LLE Y LO D G E OF P E R FE C T I ON ,
A ugu s ta . Da te of Ch a r t e r, S e p
tem ber 19, 1 8 95 .

R OC K LA N D LO D G E O F P E R FE CT I ON ,
R oc k la n d . D a te of Ch a r te r , S e p t e m b e r 2 1,

1 8 98 .

N E W H A M PSH I R E .

I
CO N S S T O R Y .

E D WA RD A . R A Y M ON D CO N S I S T O R Y ,
N a s h ua . Da te of Char te r J u n e
, 4, 1 86 4.

CH A P T E R S O F R OS E CR O IX .

S T . G E O R G E CH A PTER OF R O S E CR O I x , N a s h u a . D a te of Ch a r t e r , J une 4,
1 864 .

N EW H A M P SH IR E CH A PTE R OF R OSE CR O I X , P o r t s m o u t h . Da te of Ch a r t e r .

M ay 1 9, 1 86 6 .

A CA C IA CH A PTER OF R O S E CR OI x , Co n c o r d . Da te of Ch a r t e r , S e p t e m b e r 1 7,
I S QL
L I T T LE T O N CH A P T E R OF R O S E CR O IX ,
Li t t l e to n . Date of Ch a r te r , S e p t e m b e r

C O U N C LS I OF I
P R N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M .

G R A N D CO U N C IL OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M ,
P o r t s m ou t h . Date of Ch a r t e r ,
J une 2 5 , 1 8 45 .

OR IEN TA L CO U N C IL OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , N a s h u a . Da te of Ch a r t e r ,
J une 4, 1 864 ,

AR IE L CO U N C IL OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , Co n c o r d . Date of C h a r te r , S e p
tem b e r 1 7, 1 8 91 .

W A S H I N G T O N CO U N CI L OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , L i t tl e t o n . Da te of Ch a r
te r S e p t e m b e r 1 9
, ,
1 8 95 .

LO D G E S OF P E R FE CT O N I .

IN E FF A B LE GR A N D LOD G E OF I
P E R F E C T O N , P o r t s m ou th . Date of o r ig i n a l

Ch a r t e r , J a n u a r y 3 1 1 8 4 2 w h i c h w a s d e s t r oy e d b y fi r e N ov e m b e r 3 0 1 8 6 5
, , , ,

a nd a n e w Ch a r t e r w a s i s s u e d o n t h e 1 t h d a
9 y of M a y 1 8 6 6 , .

A A R ON P . H U G H E S LO D G E O F P E R FE C T I O N N a s h u a D a t e of Ch a r t e r , J u n e ,
.

A LP H A LO D G E OF P E R FE C T I ON , Co n c o r d . Da te of Ch a r t e r , S e p t e m b e r 1 7,
1 8 91 .

N OR T H S T A R LO D G E OF P E R FE CT I ON , La n c a s t e r . D ate of Ch a r t e r , S e p t e m b e r
 S CO T T I S H R ITE IN TH E U N IT E D S TA TE S

VE R M ON T .

CO N S S T O R I Y .

VE R M O N T CO N S I S T OR Y 3 2 D, B u r l in g t on . D a te of Ch a r t e r , A u g u s t

CH A P T E R OF R OS E CR O IX .

D E LT A CH A P T E R OF R OS E CR O I x , B u rl i n g to n . D a te of Ch a r te r , N o v e m b e r

C O U N C LS I OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M .

J O S E P H W R O B v CO U N C I L
,
OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , B u r li n g t o n . D a te of

Ch a r t e r , N o v e m b e r 1 3 ,
1 8 73 .

M OU N T CA L VA R Y CO U N C IL OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , M on tp e l ie r . D a te of

Ch a r t e r , S e p t e m b e r 2 2
,
1 8 80 .

LOD G E S ‘
O F P E R F E CT O N I .

H A S W E LL LO D G E OF P E R FE CT I O N , Bu r l i n g to n . Da te Of Ch a r t e r , J u n e
7, 1 8 3 0 1 .

WI N D SOR LO D G E OF P E R FE C T I ON W i nd s or
, . D a te O f C h a r te r , A u g u s t 1 8 , 1 8 7 5 .

GA M A L I E L W A S H BU R N LO D G E OF PE R FE C T I O N , M o n t p e l i e r . Date of Ch a r t e r .

A u gu st 1 8, 1 8 75 .

B E N N I N G T ON LO D G E OF P E R FE C T I ON ,
Be n n i n g ton . Da te of Ch a r t e r , S e p t e m ~

ber
M IZP A H LOD G E OF P E R FE C T I ON , Sa i n t J oh n s b u r y . D a te of Ch a r te r S e p te m b e r
,

N E W P O R T LO D G E OF P E R FE CT ION , N e wp o r t . D a te of C h a r te r , S e p te m b e r 1 7,
1 8 91 .

D E LT A LO D G E OF P E R FE CT I ON ,
R u tl a n d .
"

D a te of Ch a r te r , S e p te m be r 2 1 . 1 8 93

M A SS A CH U S E T T S .

CO N S S T O R I Y .

M A S S A CH U SE T T S CO N S I S T O R Y 3 2 D, B os ton . Da te of Ch a r te r , M a y 1
5
1 86 1 .

CH A P T E R S OF R OSE CR O IX .

M OU N T CA L VA R Y CH A PTER OF R OS E CR O I X , Lo w e l l . D a te Of Ch a r te r , Ma y

M OU N T O L I V E T CH A P TE R OF R O S E CR O I x , B o s to n . D ate of C h a r t e r, S e p t em
b er 1 1 , 1 86 3 .

L A W R E N C E CH A PTE R OF R O S E CR O I X W orce s t e r
, . Da te of Ch a r t e r , J une 1 7
1 8 70 .

SP R I N G FI E L D CH APTER OF R O S E CR O IX , Sp r i n g fi el d . D a te of Ch a r t e r , S e p
tem b er 2 0, 1 8 94 .
 1 8 98 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

C O U N C LS I OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M .

LO W E LL CO U N C IL OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , Lo we l l . Date of Ch a r te r , M ay

G I L E S FO N D A Y A T E S C O U N C I I . OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , B o s t on . Dat e of

Ch a r t e r , F e b r u a r y 1 7, 1 864 .

M A SSA SO T I CO U N C I L OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , Sp r i n g fiel d . Date of Ch a r

t er , M ay 1 9, 1 866 .

G O D D A R D CO U N C I L OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , W o r c e s te r . D a te of Ch a r t e r ,
J une 1 7, 1 8 7 0 .

LO D G E S O F P E R FE C T O N I .

BO S T O N -LA F A YET TE LO D G E OF P E R FE CT I ON , B o s to n . Da t e of Ch a r t e r , J a n u a r y

LO W E L L LO D G E
‘

OF P E R F E CT I ON , Lo we ll . D a te of Ch a r t e r, M ay 2 8, 1 85 8 .

WO R C E S T E R LO D G E OF P E R FE C T I O N Wor ce s t e r
, . D a te of Ch a r t e r , S e p t e m be r

S U T T O N LO D G E OF P E R FE C T I ON , Sal e m . Date of Ch a r t e r , A p r il 8 , 1 8 6 4 .

E VE N IN G S T A R LO D G E OF P E R F E CT I ON , S p ri n g fi el d . Da te of Ch a r t e r , M a y 1 8,
1 8 66 .

M E R R I M A C K V A LLE Y LO D G E OF P E R FE C T I ON , H a v e rh i l l . Da te of Ch a r te r ,S e p
t em b e r 2 2, 1 8 92 .

O N O T A LO D G E or P E R FE CT I ON , P i t t s fi e ld . Da t e of Ch a r te r , S e p te m b e r 2 0,

I 8 94

R H OD E I S LA N D .

I
CON S S T O R Y .

R H OD E I SLA N D CO N S I S T O R Y 3 2 D , P r ov i d e nc e D a t e of Ch a r te r A p r i l
.
,

1 0, 1 85 6 . D e str o ye d by fire n e w Ch a r te r i s s ue d S e p te m b e r 1 7 1 8 96 , .

CH A PT E R OF R OS E C R O X. I
R H O D E I S LA N D CH A P TE R or R O S E CR OI x , P r ov id e n c e . D a te of Ch a r te r , De
cember 1 4, 1 84 9 .

I
CO U N C L O F P R N CE S I OF J E R U S A LE M .

R H O D E I S LA N D COU N C I L OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , i
P r o v d e nc e . Da te of

Ch a r t e r , D ec e m b e r 1 4, 1 8 49 .

LO D G E S O F P E R F E CT O N I .

S O LO M O N
’
S GR A N D LO D G E OF P E R FE CT ION , P r o v d e n ce i , Da te of C h a r te r , 1 8 49 .

Des t ro ye d b y fire new Ch a r t e rissued Sep t em b er 1 7, 1 8 96 .

VA N R E N SSE LA E R LO D G E OF P E R FE CT I O N . N ewp or t . Da te of Ch a r t e r . De
ce m b er 1 4, 1 8 40 .
1 900 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

N E W Y OR K .

I
CO N S S T O R E S I .

T H E CO N S I S T OR Y OF N EW Y OR K 3 2D
,
N ew Yo r k . D a te Of Ch a r t e r ,
fku g u s t 6, 1 8o6 .

A L BA N Y SO VE R E IGN CO N S IST OR Y 3 2D, A l b a ny . D a te of Ch a r t e r , N O ~

v em b er 1 6, 1 824 .

CE N T R A L C IT Y CO N S S T O R I Y 3 2 D, S yr ac u s e . Da te of Ch a r t e r , N o v e m
b er 2 7, 1 86 2 .

O T S E N I N G O CO N I
S ST OR Y 3 2 D, B i n g h am t on . D ate of Ch a r t e r , M a y 1 6,
1 86 7 .

R OC H E S T E R CO N S I S T OR Y 3 2 D, R oc h e s t e r . Da t e of Ch a r te r , M a y 1 6,
1 86 7 .

CO R N I N G CO N S I S T O R Y 3 2 D, Co r n i n g . Da t e of Ch a r t e r , M a y 1 6 , 1 8 6 7 .

A U R OR A G R A T A CO N S I S T O R Y 3 2D
, B r oo k l y n . D a t e O f Ch a r t e r , S e p
t em b er 1 9, 1 8 89 .

B U FFA LO CO N S IS T OR Y 3 2 D, B u ff a l o . Date Of Ch a r t e r , S e p te m b e r 2 1,

1 8 93 .

C H A P T E R S O F R OS E CR O I x .

TH E CH A P T E R OF R OSE CR O I x OF NEW Y OR K C ITY , N ew Yo r k . Da te of

Ch a r t e r , A ugu st 6 , 1 806 .

A LB A N Y CH A P T E R OF R O S E CR O I x , A l b a n
‘

y . Da te Of
'

Ch a r te r , N o v e m b e r 1 6,
1 824 .

CE N T R A L C I T Y CH A P T E R OF R OS E CR O I x , S y r a c u s e . Dat e of Ch a r t e r, N o v e m
b er 2 7, 1 86 2 .

A U R OR A G R A T A CH A PTE R OF R O S E CR O I x , B r ook ly n . Da te Of Ch a r t e r , J u ne

O T S E N I N G O CH A P T E R OF R OS E CR O I x , B i n g h a m t on . Da t e of Ch a r t e r , M ay 1 6 ,
1 86 7 .

R O C H E S T E R CH A PTE R OF R OS E CR O I x , R oc h e s t e r . D at e Of Ch a r te r , M a y 1 6,
1 86 7 .

CO R N IN G CH A P T E R OF R OSE CR O I x , Co r n i n g . Da te of Ch a r t e r M a y 6, 1 86 7
1 .

D E LT A CH A PTE R OF R O S E CR O I x , T r o y . Date Of Ch a r t e r , A u g u s t 1 9, 1 8 7 4 .

YAH -
N UN -
DA H -
SI S CH A PTE R OF R OS E CR O I x , U ti ca D a te o f Ch a r t e r , S e p t e m
.

b er
B U F FA LO CH A P T E R OF R OS E CR O I x , B u ffa l o . D a te Of Ch a r t e r , S e p t e m b e r 2 1,

1 8 93 .

O G D E N S B U R G CH A PTE R OF R OS E CR O I x , O g d e n s b u r g . Da te of Ch a r t e r , S e p
te m ber 2 1
, 1 8 93 .

CO U N C L S I OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M .

G R A N D CO U N C I L OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M, A l ban y . Da te Of Ch a r te r , D e
c e m b e r 2 0, 1 76 7 .

T H E CO U N C I L OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M OF N EW YO R K , N ew Yo r k . Da t e
Of Ch a r t e r , N o v e m b e r 3 , 1 80 8 .
 S CO T T I S H R ITE IN TH E U N IT E D S TA T E S 1 90 1

CE N T R A L CI T Y CO U N C I L OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M,Sy r a c u s e . Da t e of Ch a r
te r , N o e m v ber 2 7, 1 86 2 .

A U R OR A GR A T A COU N C IL OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , B r ook l y n . D a te Of

Ch a r te r J u n e
,
6, 1 86 6 .

O T S E N I N G O CO U N C I L OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , B i n g h a m t o n . Da t e of Ch a r
te r , M ay 1 6, 1 86 7 .

R O C H E S T E R CO U N C IL OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , R o c h e s t e r . Da te Of C h a r t e r,
M ay 1 6, 1 86 7 .

CO R N ING CO U N C I L OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , Co r n i n g . D a te of C h a r te r ,
M ay 1 6, 1 86 7 .

PA LM O N I CO U N C I L OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M B u ff a l o , . Da te Of Ch a r t e r , M a y

D E LT A CO U N C IL OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , T ro y . Da te Of Ch a r t e r , A u g u s t

YAH -
N U N -D A H -
SIS CO U N C IL OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , U t i c a . Da t e of Ch a r
te r , Se p t em ber 2 0, 1 88 2 .

O LE A N CO U N C I L OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , Ol e a n . Da te Of Ch a r te r , S e p
te m ber 1 7 , 1 8 91 .

O GD E N S B U R G CO U N C IL OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , Og d e n s b u r g . D a te of

Ch a r t e r , S e p t e m b e r 2 1, 1 8 93 .

LO D G E S OF P E R FE C T O N I .

I N E FF A B LE LOD G E OF P E R FE C T I ON , A l b any . Date Of Ch a r t e r , D ec e m b e r 20

,

1 76 7 .

TH E LO D G E OF P E R FE C T I O N OF N E W Y O R K CLT Y , N e w Yor k . Da te Of Ch a r
te r A p ri l 8 49 Da te Of P r e c e d e n c e , N o v e m b e r 6 , 1 8 08
‘

7, 1 . .

C E N T R A L CI T Y LO D G E OF P E R FE C T I ON , S y ra c u s e . Da t e Of Ch a r te r , N ov em b e r
2 7, 18 6 2 .

A U R O R A G R A T A LO D G E OF P E R FE C T I ON ,
B r ook l yn . Da t e Of C h a r te r , N o v e m
b er 6 , 1 8 08 . Re iss ued M ay 1 2, 1 866 .

O T S E N I N G O LOD G E OF P E R FE CT I ON ,
B i n g h a m to n . Da t e Of Ch a r t e r , M a y 1 6,
1 867 .

R O C H E S T E R LOD G E OF P E R FE C T I ON ,
R oc h es t e r . Da t e of Ch a r t e r , M ay 1 6, 1 8 6 7 .

CO R N IN G LOD G E I O N Co r n i n g D a t e O f Ch a r t e r M a y 1 6 1 8 6 7
OF P E R FE CT , .
, , .

P A LM O N I LO D G E O F P E R FE C T I O N B u ff a l o D a t e O f Ch a r t e r M a y 1 6 1 8 6 7, .
, , .

D E LT A LO D G E O F P E R F E C T I O N T r oy D a t e O f Ch a r t e r N o v e m b e r 1 6 1 8 7
, .
, ,
1 .

Y A H N U N D A H S I S LO D G E O F P E R FE C T I O N U t i c a
- - - D a t e O f Ch a r t e r N ov e m b e r , .
,

1 3, 1 8 73 .

GE R M A N IA LO D G E OF P E R FE C T I ON ,
R oc h e s t e r . Date Of Ch a r t e r, A ugus t 1 9,
1 8 74 .

LO CK C ITY LO D G E OF P E R FE C T I ON , Lo c k p o r t . Date Of Ch a r t e r , A u g u s t 1 6,
1 8 76 .

WA T E R T OWN LO D G E OF P E R FE CT I O N W a t e r t ow n
, . D a te Of Ch a r t e r , S e p t e m b e r
5 , 1 884 .

ST . LA W R E N CE LO D G E OF P E R FE C T I ON , Ca n to n . D ate of Ch a r te r , S e p te m b e r
1 9, 1 889 .
1 902 H IS TOR Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y
N OR T H E R N S T A R LO D G E OF P E R FE CT I ON , P l a t t sb u r g h . Da te of Ch a r t e r , S e p .

te nnb e r

O LE A N LOD G E OF P E R FE C T ION , Ole a n . D a te Of Ch a r te r , S e p t e m b e r 1 7 , 1 8 91 .

SH E BA R M I LO D G E OF P E R FE C T I O N W a l ton
, . D a te of Ch ar te r , S e p te m b e r 2 1 ,
1 8 93 .

NEW J E R SE Y .

I
CO N S S T O R E S I .

N EW J E R S E Y S O V E R E I GN CO N S I S T O R Y J ers e y Ci ty . Dat e Of

Ch a r t e r , M a y 1 6 , 1 8 6 7 .

E x c E LS I O R CON S ISTOR Y 3 2 D, Ca m d e n . Da te Of Ch a r te r , S e p t e m b e r

CH A P T E R S O F R O S E CR O I x .

T R E N T O N CH A PTE R OF R O S E CR O I x , T r e n to n . Da te of Ch a r t e r , J u n e 2 6, 1 86 8
J E R SE Y CI T Y CH A P TE R OF R O S E CR O I x , J e r sey Ci t y . Date of Ch a r t e r , N o
vem b er 1 6, 1 8 7 1 .

E x c E LS I OR CH A P T E R OF R O S E CR O I x , Ca m d e n . D a te Of Ch a r te r , N o v e m b e r
1 6, 1 8 7 1 .

A I
D ON R A M CH A P T E R OF R O S E CR O I x , P a t e r s on . Da te Of Ch a r t er , N o v e m b e r
1 3, 1 8 73 .

I
CO U N C LS O F P R N CE S O F I J E R U S A LE M .

M E R CE R COU N C IL OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , T r e n ton . D ate Of Ch ar te r , M a y

1 9, 1 866 .

E x c E LS I O R CO U N C IL OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , Ca m d e n . D a te of Ch a r te r ,
J une 1 7, 1 8 70 .

J E R SE Y CI T Y CO U N C I L OF P R I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , J e r se y City . Da te of Ch a r .

te r , N ov e m b e r 1 6, 1 871 .

A DON IR A M CO U N CI L OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , P a te r so n . Da te Of Ch ar te r ,
N ov e m b e r 1 3, 1 8 73 .

I LO D G E S O F P E R FE CT O N .

M E R CE R LO D G E O F P E R FE C T I O N T r e n to n D a te O f Ch a r te r M ay 2 3 , .
, , 1 863 .

J E R S E Y CI T Y LOD G E O F P E R FE C T I O N J e r s e y Ci ty Da t e O f Ch ar t e r , .
,
M ay 1 9,
1 8 66 .

E x C E LS IO R LO D G E OF P E R FE CT I ON , Ca m d e n . D ate of Ch a rte r , J u ne 7, 1 8 7 0
1 .

A D ON IRAM LO D GE OF P E R FE CT I O N , P a t e r s on . Da te of Ch ar te r, N ove m b e r I 3 ,
1 873 .

PE N N S Y LV A N I A .

I
CO N S S T O R E S . I
PE N N S Y LV AN A I CO N S I S T O R Y 3 2 D, P i tts b u rgh . Da te of Ch a r t e r , M ay
1 4. I 85 7
PH I LA D E LP H I A CO N S I S T O R Y 3 2 D, P h i l a d e l p h ia . D a te Of Ch a r t e r ,
J u ly
 1 904 H IS TOR Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y
H A R R SBU R GI LO D G E OF P E R FE CT I ON ,
H a r ri s b u rg . Date of Ch a r t e r , M a r c h 1 5
1 864 .

E N OCH LO D G E OF P E R FE C T I O N B l oo m s b u r g D a t e o f Ch a r t e r M a y 1 9 8 6 5
, .
, ,
1 .

LA N C A S T E R LO D G E OF P E R FE C T I O N La n c a s te r
,
D a t e O f Ch a r t e r A u g u s t 8
.
, 1 ,

1 8 75 .

K E Y S T ON E LO D G E OF P E R FE C T I ON , S c r a n to n . Da te of Ch a r t e r , S e p t e m b e r 1 9,
1 888 .

P R E S Q U E I S LE LO D G E OF P E R FE CT I ON , Er ie . Da t e of Ch a r t e r , S e p t e m b e r 1 9,
1 88 8 .

TO W A N D A LO D G E OF P E R FE C T ION ,
T owa n d a . Da te Of Ch a r t e r , S e p t e m b e r 1 8,
1 8 90 .

CO U D E R S P O R T LO D G E OF P E R FE C T I ON , Co u d e r s p o r t . Da te of Ch a r te r , S e p t e m
b er 23 , 1 8 97 .

O H IO .

I
CO N S S T O R E SI .

O H I O CO N S I S T O R Y 3 2 D, Ci n c i n n a t i . Date Of Ch a r t e r , M a y 4, 1 8 5 4 .

LA K E ER IE CO N S I S T O R Y 3 2 D, Cl e v e l a n d . D a t e O f Ch a r t e r , S e p t e m
b er 1 8 , 1 8 90 .

CH A P T E R S OF R OS E IX CR O .

CI N C I N N A T I CH A PTE R OF R OS E CR O I x , Ci n c i n n a t i . Da te of Ch a r te r , D e c e m
b er 2 7, 1 85 3 .

AR IEL CH A PTER OF R OSE CR O I x , -

Cl e v el a n d . D a te of Ch a r t e r , M a y 9, 1 8 6 6
1 .

CO LU M B U S C H A PTER OF R O S E CR OI x , Co l u m b u s . D a te of Ch a r t e r , S ep t e m b e r

DA Y T ON CH A P T E R OF R OS E CR O I x , D a y t on . Da te of C h a r t e r , S e p te m b e r 2 0,

1 880 .

CA M ER I D G E CH A P T E R OF R OS E CR O I x , Ca m b r i d ge . Da te Of Ch ar t e r , S e p t e m
ber 20
,
1 8 80 .

FO R T I N D U S T R Y CH A P T E R OF R OS E CR O I x , T o l e d o . D ate of Ch a r t e r , S e p
t em b e r 2 0, 1 88 1 .

C O U N C LS I OF I
P R N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M .

D A LC H O CO U N C IL OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , Ci n c i n n a t i . Da t e Of Ch a r t e r ,
A p ril 2 7, 1 85 3 .

CA M B R I D G E CO U N C I L OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , Ca m b r i d g e . Da te of Ch a r
t e n hI a y

BA H U R M I CO U N C IL OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , Cl e v e l a n d .
D a te of Ch a r te r .

hda y
FR A N K L IN CO U N C I L OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , Col u m b u s . D a te of Ch a r t e r ,
Se p t em b e r 1 8, 1 8 79 .

M IA M I CO U N C IL OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , D ay to n . Da te of Ch a r t e r , S e p
tem b er 2 0, 1 8 80 .

NOR T H ERN L IGH T CO U N C I L OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , T ol e d o . Da te of

Ch a r t e r , S e p t e m b e r 2 0, 1 881 .
 1
906 H I S TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

I N DIA N A .

CO N S S T O R I Y .

'
N DIA N A CO N S I S T OR Y 3 2 D, I n d ia n a p o l is . Da te of C h a r te r , M a y 1 9,
1 86 5 .

CH A P T E R OF R OS E CR O I x .

IN D I A N A P O LI S CH A P T E R OF R O S E CR O I x , I n d i a n a p ol i s . Da t e of Ch a r t e r , M a y

I
CO U N C LS O F P R N C E S I OF J E R U S A LE M .

S A R A I A H CO U N C IL OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , I n d i a n a p o l i s . Da t e of Ch a r t e r ,
M ay 1 9, 1 865 .

DA R IU S CO U N C I L OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M ,
Fo r t W ay n e . Da t e of Ch a r t e r,
Se p tem ber 1 8, 1 8 90 .

LO D G E S OF I
P E R FE C T O N .

A D ON IR A M LO D G E OF P E R F E CT I ON ,
I n d i a n a p ol i s . Da t e of Ch a r t e r , M a y 1 9,
1 865 .

FO R T W A Y N E LO D G E OF P E R FE C T ION ,
Fo r t W ay n e . D a te of Ch a r t e r , S e p
te m b e r 1 9, 1 8 8 8 .

I LL I N O I S .

I
CO N S S T O R E S I .

O R I E N T A L CON S I S T O R Y 3 2 D , Ch i c ago . D a te of Ch a r t e r , M a y 1 4,
1 85 7 .

QU I N CY CO N S I S T O R Y 3 2 D, Q u i n cy . Da te Of Ch a r te r , M a r c h 1 6, 1 86 6 .

FR E E P O R T CO N S I STOR Y 3 2 0, Fr ee por t . Da t e Of Ch a r t e r , Fe b r u a r y 7 ,
1 86 7 .

PE OR IA CO N S I ST O R Y 3 2 D, Pe or ia . Da te of C h a r t e r , Fe b r u ar y 25,1 86 7 .

CH A P T E R S OF R OS E CR O IX .

G O U R G A S CH A P TE R OF R OS E CR O I x , C h i c a g o D a t e o f Ch a r t e r M a y
.
,
1 4, 1 85 7 .

QU I NC Y CH A PTE R OF R O S E CR O I x , Q u i n cy D a t e o f Ch a r t e r M a r c h
. , 1 6, 1 8 66 .

F R E E P O R T CH A P T E R OF R OS E CR O I x , F r e e p o r t . Da t e Of C h a r t e r , Fe b r u a r y 7 ,
1 867 .

PE OR IA CH A P TE R OF R OS E CR O I x , P e o r ia . Da te of C h a r t e r , Fe b r u a r y 2
5 , 1 86 7 .

CO U N C L S I OF I
P R N CE S OF JE R U S A LE M .

CH I C A G O CO U N C I L OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , Ch i ca g o . Da te of Ch a r t e r ,
M ay 1 4, 1 85 7 .

QU I N C Y CO U N C IL OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M ,
Q u i n cy . D a te of Ch a r t e r ,
M a rc h 1 6, 1 866 .

FR E E P O R T CO U N C IL OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , Fr e e p o r t . Da t e of Ch a r t e r
Fe b r u a r y 7, 1 86 7 .

PE OR IA CO U N C I L OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M ,
Pe o r i a . Da t e of C h a r t e r , Fe b r u
a ry 2
5, 1 86 7 .
 S CO TT I S H R IT E iN TH E U N IT E D S TA T E S 1 90;

LO D G E S OF P E R F E CT O N I .

VA N R E N S S E LA E R LO DG E OF P E R F E CT I O N , Ch i c a g o . Da te of Ch a r t e r, M a y I 4,
1 85 7 .

QU I NC Y LO D G E OF P E R F E CT I O N Q u i n cy Da t e
, . of Ch a r t e r , M a r c h 1 6, 1 86 6 .

FR E E P O R T LO D G E OF P E R FE CT I O N F r e e po r t
, . Date of Ch a r t e r , Fe b r u a r y
1 867 .

CE N T R A L CI T Y LO D G E OF P E R FE C T I ON , Peo r ia . D a te of C h a r te r , Fe b r u a r y

W I S CO N S I N .

WI S CO N S I N CON S I S T O R Y l
3 2 D , M i wa u ke e . D a te of Ch a r t e r , A u g u s t 7
1 863 .

WI S CO N S I N CH A P T E R OF R O S E CR O I x , M i l wa u k e e . Da te of Ch ar te r , A ug u s t 7,
1 8 63 .

WI SCO N S I N COU N C I L OF PR I N CE S OF J E R U S A LE M , M i l wa u k ee . D a te of Ch a r te r,
A U GU S T 7 , 1 8 6 3 .

I IS CO N SI N LO D G E O F P E R FE CT I O N , M i l wau k e e . Da te of Char te r , A u g u s t 7,
1 86 3 .
 C H A PT E R IV

R OY A L O R D E R OF SCOT LA N D

CO T LA N D is a cou nt ry wh i ch p os se ss e s a rom an
t i c h i story an d i s ri c h i n l e ge n dary l or e an d b ot h
, ,

roman c e an d l eg e n d ar e fou n d i n th e story of th e

R O Y A L O R D E R O F S CO T LA N D th e m ost p op ul ar ,

of th e add e d d egr e e s work e d by th e Craft I t .

was d i fficu l t t o O b tai n any r e l iab l e i n form ati on

as t o i ts tru e h i story ti l l D M urray Lyon G ran d .
,

S e cr e tary O f S cot l an d i n h i s H i s tor y of t/z e L aag e of E d z n é zr r g /z

’

’
, ,

gav e i n 1 8 7 3 a S k e tc h O f th e ord e r I t e m brac e s two d egre e s o n e

, ,
.
,
”
the H e r e d o m O f K i l wi n ni ng w h i c h accord i ng to on e fa bl e was
, , ,

“
fou n d e d i n t h e t i m e O f D avi d I O f S cotl an d ; th e ot h e r T h e R osy
.
,

C ross wh ic h accordi ng t o an ot h e r fabl e was i n sti tu t e d by K in g

, , ,

R ob e rt Bruc e as a r e ward for th e ai d gi v e n t o h i m by so m e T e m pl ars

wh o fough t on h i s S id e at Ban n ock burn A s t h e O rd e r O f t h e
.

T e m pl ars h ad b ee n su p pr e ss e d b y P apal B ul l s i n 1 3 1 2 so m e l at e ,

m e m b e rs m ay h av e b e e n p r e s e n t i n Bruc e s arm y i n 1 3 1 4 b u t we ’

“ ’
m u st al ways r e m e m b e r th at t o q u ot e Lyon s r e m ark th e fab ul ous
, ,

stori e s abou t th e e arly origi n an d royal patronag e O f th e R oyal O rd e r

m ust b e tak e n for wh at t h e y ar e wort h w hic h t o t h os e wh o val u e , ,

accuracy m e an s n ot/Z i ng
, T h e fabl e t h at th e H au t e s G ra d e s ha d
.

“
th e i r sourc e i n th e M ot h e r L odg e K i l wi n n i ng i s total ly e rron e ou s
, ,

an d bas e d O n ign oran c e or frau d for t hat an ci e n t l odg e as i s sh own

, ,

by i ts r e cords n e v e r warrant e d or work e d a ny d egr ee s b e yon d t h e

,

M ot h e r K i l w i n
“
w e l l kn own t h r ee d egr e e s
-
I t i s tru e that th e
.

n i ng d id i n 1 77 9 gra n t to som e M asons i n D ub l i n aut h ori ty t o

, ,

form a r egul ar l odg e or soc i e ty an d t h at th e l odg e S O form e d as

,

su m e d th e t i tl e O f H igh K n igh ts T e m pl ars O f I r e l an d K il wi n n i ng ,

L odg e ; b u t al l t h e e vi d e n c e coll e ct e d by Lyon an d th e M ason i c

h i stori an W J H u g h an p rov e s t h at th e M ot h e r K i l wi n n i ng n e v e r
, . .
,

cl ai m e d any auth ori ty b e yon d th e t h r e e d e gr e e s an d i s n e i th e r m or e ,

n or l e ss th a n a r e gul ar M ason ic l odg e an d t hat t h e c e r e m ony was ,

1 008
1
91 0 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

le s C h e val i e rs Lag n e au , d e R ob e sp i e rr e , avocats . A n de l I nc a r n a~

ti on
A n ot e i s ap p e n d e d t hat L e docu m e n t au t h e n ti qu e , sur
’
V E LI N e s t r e v e tu d u gran d sc e au
,
d e s e p t t i m br e s e t d u n gran d ,
’
n o m br e d e signatur e s C e st l e x p e d itio n origi nal e po ur l e ch ap i tre
'

m e tro p ol itan d e P aris .

T h e dat e 5 745 o n t h i s aut h e n ti c doc um e n t m ust b e wrong as

, , ,

t hat y e ar th e e r a O f the I n carn at i on i s st i l l so m e four th ousan d y e ars

, ,

away an d i f i t i s an e rror for A n n O M u n di i t m ay h e r e mark e d t hat

, ,

C harl e s E dward S tuart d i d n ot succ e e d t o th e e m pty ti tl e s e n u m e r

at e d abov e til l th e d e at h O f h i s fath e r i n 1 76 6 A ll trac e h ow e v e r, .
,

O f t h e s e docu m e n ts e scap e d th e r e s e arc h O f suc h a d i l ig e n t i nqu i r e r

as B ro H u g h a n wh o c om e s t o th e c onc l usi on t h a t i t i s an e rror t o

.
,

c o n n e c t th e R oyal O rd e r wi t h th e R os e Cro i x as the c e r e m on ies ,

di ff e r e ss e n ti ally th e form e r p oss e ssi ng a v e ry p e c ul i ar an d q uai n tly

,

rhyt h m ic ri tual .

W i t h r e gard t o th e na m e H e r e d om O f K i l wi n n i ng m any d e ri va ,

t i ons O f th e word h av e b ee n gi v e n S om e gi v e i t a G r ee k origi n .

an d i nt e rpr e t i t as H oly H ouse ot h e rs go t o th e H e br e w an d as i t , , ,

“ ”
i s pl ural i n form tran sl at e i t by R u l e rs ot h e rs d e ri v e i t fro m
, ,

H e r od e n a m ou ntai n i n S cotlan d w i th out assign i ng any r e ason

, ,

B ro H u g h a n tak e s th e saf e c ou rs e O f c on cl u di ng t h at as th e rit uals

.

O f b ot h d e gr e e s d o n ot r e v e al th e s e cr e t t h e su bj e c t can n ot b e d e fi ,

n i te l T h e w ord occurs u n d e r th e
y d e ci d e d o n e way or an ot h e r .

form H a r odi m as w e ll as H e r e do m th e l att e r s ee m i ng to b e a S ax on ,

t e r m O f th e sam e form as K i ngd o m wh i c h m igh t b e r e pr es e nt e d in ,

m od e rn G e rm an by H e r r th u m or H ee r th u m .

T h e e arl i e st r e cords strang e ly e n ough r e l at e t o E ngl an d n ot to

, , ,

S c otl an d as m ay b e s ee n fro m th e fol l owi ng l ist of r egul ar c ha p

,

t e rs accord ing t o s e n i ori ty

,

L ist . e tc . Da t e .

1 . G r a n d Lo d g e at h i s tl e a n d Cr own ,Ch a nd O S S t r ee t
th e T T i me I m m e m o r i a l . .

2 . G r a n d Ch a p t e r a t th e T h i s t l e a n d C r ow n ,Ch a n d o s S t r e e t .

3 . Coa c h a n d H o r s e s , W e l b e c k S t r e e t
4 . W h i t e B oa r s H e a d , E x e t e r R oa d
'

5 . G ol d e n H o r se S h oe i n Ca n n o n S t r e e t S o u t h wa r k
, ,
D e ce m b e r 1 1 , 1 7 43 .

6 . T h e G r i ffi n i n D e p t f o rd i n K e n t
, ,
D e c e m b e r 2 0 , 1 7 44 .

7 G r a n d Ch a p t e r a t T h e H a g u e e m p owe r e d to a c t a s
,

G r a n d Lo d g e ,
J uly 2 2 , 1 75 0 .
 R OY A L OR D ER O F S CO T LA N D 1 91 1

Li s t , e tc . D at e .

8 . Oc tob e r r z,1 75 2
9 .
(1 ) G r a n d Ch a p ter at R ou e n in N o r m a n d y, e m p owe e r d
to act as a G r a n d Lod g e
10 .
(2 ) Ch o i x a P a r i s
1 1 .
(3 ) S t ra s b u rg
L U n i on La v a l l
’
1 2 .
( 4) .

I 3
1 4 .
(6 ) G r a n d Lo d g e , C h a m b e r y
1 5 .
( 7 ) G r a n d Ch a p t e r at C h a m b e r y i n S a x o n y, e m p owe e r d
to act as a G ra n d Lod g e in th e D om i n i o n of

Ki n g Of S a r d i n ia
1 6 .
(8 ) A t M a r t i n i q u e
1 7 .
(9) A t S t D om
. i n go
1 8 .
( 1 0) At B re s t

r we fi n d i n L on don a G ran d Lodg e an d a G ran d Ch apt e r

H e e ,

e vi d e ntly th e gov e rn in g b ody of t h e ord e r ; two ot h e r su b ord i nat e

”
bodi e s al so d e scri b e d as i m m e m orial an d two N 05 5 an d 6 of a n .
, .
,

e arl i e r d at e t h an th e S cotti sh G ran d Lo dg e O f E d i n b urgh wh i c h was

origi n al ly N O 7 on th e ab ov e l ist the G ran d C ha pt e r at T he H agu e

.
, .

“
T h e r e cord b ook gott e n u p for
- T h e B r e th r e n O f H R D M . . . .
,
"
b e l ongi ng t o th e H agu e i s stat e d t o b e l ong t o th e G ran d C h ap t e r
,

t e rm e d th e G ran d Lodg e of th e R oyal O rd e r at E d in bu rgh const i

tu te d J ul y 2 2 1 7 5 0 , O th e r r e cords S h ow t hat th e R oyal O rd e r of
.

S cotlan d ( i n E nglan d ) e x ist e d m uc h e arl i e r t han any of th e oth e r

“
d egr ee s i n th e U n i t e d K i ngdom e x c e p t th e fi rst t h r ee Th e R oyal .

A rch i s al l u d e d t o i n p r m t I n 1 744 b ut i s n ot agai n m e n ti on e d ti ll ,

1 7 5 2 an d t h e m i nu t e s do n ot b e gi n t i l l te n y e ars lat e r
, I n b ot h th e .
,

e vi d e n c e O f t h e e x ist e nc e a n d acti vi ty O f t h e R oyal O rd e r duri ng th e

e arly part of th e l ast c e n t ury gi v e s i t a posi tio n sup e rior to al l ad di

ti on al d e gr e e s an d t hu s i t can cl a i m a v e ry r e sp e ctabl e anti qu i ty

, .

T h e n ot ion t h at i t was fab ricat e d by th e C h e val i e r R ams e y h as b e e n

p e rf e ctly r e fut e d by B ro G oul d i n h i s h i story an d m ay b e d i sm i ss e d
.
,

from c on si d e rati o n B ro Lyon s e e m s to i n cl i n e to th e O p i n i o n t h at

. .

i t i s n ot of S cotc h origi n all egi ng t h e fact t hat c e rtai n pri vi l e g e s

,
“
w e r e all ow e d t o N O 7 i n th l ist of ch ap t e rs on an a c k n o w l e dg
e .

m e n t o nc e a y e ar t o th e G ran d L odg e fro m wh om i t d e ri v e d i ts ti tl e

at a q u ar te r l y G ran d L odg e m e e t i ng wh i ch i s al ways h e l d at Lon don
"
on th e fi fth S un day i n th e m on th s h a vi ng so m any an d argui ng t h e r e ,

from t hat a b od y O f S c otc h origi n woul d n ot so far d e s e rt it s r e l ig ~

1 91 2 H 1S T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

i ous p ri n c i pl e s as to h ol d consti tuti on al m ee ti ngs on th e S u n day .

T h e r e i s e vi d e n c e h ow e v e r t hat i n E ngl and

’

,
M ast e rs l odg e s d i d
,

m e e t on S un day T o su m u p th e w h ol e m att e r i n t h e words of

.

B rot h e r H ug h a n w e can n ot g e t fart h e r back t ha n t h e G r a n d

,
“

L odg e an d G r a n d C hap t e r i n L on don wit h t hr e e su b ordi n a t e s of

i z m e z m m e m or z a l a n ti qu i ty ( so cal l e d ) an d t h e fi rst dat e d con sti
’ ' '
'
‘
,

tu t i o n O f D e c e m b e r 1 1 ,

W it h r egard t o th e fi rst o ffsh oot O f th e L on don G ran d L odge

( N o 7 i n t h e l ist O f c h apt e rs gi v e n a bov e ) d ou bts aros e r e sp e ct
.
,
"
i ng t h e m e an i ng O f th e contrac ti on P rov i n th e signature O f t h e .

C h art e r con sti t uti ng th e n e w l odg e S cotlan d h a d for a l ong s e ri e s .

of y e ars b e e n i n v e ry cl os e r e l ati on wi t h th e U n i t e d P rovi n c e s of

th e N e th e rl an ds I n 1 4 4 4 a con tract was m ad e b e tw e e n th e roya l
.

b u rgh e rs O f S cotl an d an d th e l att e r pow e r by w h i c h S cotc h trad e rs

w e r e fre e d from s e v e ral d u ti e s an d gov e rn e d by th e l aw of S c otlan d .

A m ong t h e S cots r e si d ing i n H ol lan d at th e b egi n n i ng of t h e 1 8 t h

c e n tury was Wi ll iam M i tch e ll a t e ach e r oi languag e s I t i s stat e d , .

t ha t h e h ad b e e n ad m i tt e d t o th e R oyal O rd e r i n Franc e i n 1 749 .

an d i n Lon d on i n 1 7 5 0 I n t h i s l att e r y e ar M i tc h e l l an d a B rot h e r

.
,

J o nas K l u ck O f t h e N e t h e rl an ds pr e s e n t e d a p e ti ti on t o th e P r o G
, , . .

M i n S out h B ri tai n aski ng th e L on don G ran d L odg e for au t h ority

.
,

to e na bl e t h e m an d ot h e r r e si d e n ts at T h e H agu e to fou n d a P rov .

G ra nd L odg e t h e r e T h e p e ti ti on was d uly gran t e d and B rot h e r

.
,

W il l i a m M i tc h e l l was ap poi n t e d P rov G M an d th e P rov G ran d . . .

, .

Lodg e w as d uly consti tu t e d at Lo n d on J uly 2 2 1 75 0 T h e o i fi c i al , , .

’

re gi st e r i s as foll ows
I d i d t hi s day att e n d at t h e h ous e of B rot h e r Loui s S N C R , . . . .

T Y t h e S ign of th e G ol d e n h ors e S h o e i n C an non S tr e e t i n

. .
, , ,

S outh wark an d di d th e n an d th e r e c o n sti t u t e th e fol lowi ng br e t hr e n

,

r e si di ng at T h e H agu e i n to a r e gul ar C hapt e r i n ful l form an d di d ,

con sti t ut e an d ap p oi n t ou r R igh t W orsh i pfu l an d h ighly h on or e d

Broth e r W i l l iam M i tc h e l l kn own an d d i sti ngui sh e d am ong t h e ,

Br e th r e n O f th e O rd e r by th e su bl i m e ti tl e an d ch aract e ri sti c F D . .

L T Y. .an d K night O f th e R Y C S e tc T R S T A by
.
, . . .
, .
, . . . . .
,

d e l i v e ri ng th e pat e n t e tc i n d u e form as usual for th e consti tuti on

, .
, , ,

of C hapt e rs i n for e I g n part s an d d i d by vi rtu e of my au thori ty e x , , ,

"
chang e hi s c haract e ri st i c e tc for t hat of R L F , .
, . . .

T h e pl ac e m e n ti on e d t h e G ol d e n H ors e S h o e was t h e h ouse

, ,

wh e r e th e N o 5 c hapt e rs a n d l odg e s w e r e acc ust om e d t o ass e m bl e

. .
 1 91 4 H I S TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

O ffi ci al s can b e t rac e d D own to J u ly 4 1 7 76 B rot h e r Wi ll ia m

.
, ,
”
M i tch e l l was th e G ran d M ast e r or G ov e rn or of th e R oyal O rd e r .

“
H e was succ e e d e d by B rot h e r J as S ec r esy K e rr H e r e sign e d
. .

“
i n 1 7 7 6 an d was succ e e d e d by B rot h e r W il l iam H on or Bail li e A d
, ,

vocat e ( aft e rward Lord P o l k e m m e t) W h e n h e r e sign e d i n 1 7 78 ,

B roth e r W il l i a m C h arl e s E l oq u e n ce L i ttl e A dvocat e suc c e e d e d , ,

h i m T h e c hai r O f D e p uty G ran d M ast e r was fil l e d i n 1 7 8 6 by

.

B rot h e r W il li am War s /z ip M ason w h o was ad m i tt e d t o th e d e ,

gr e e at E di n bu rgh A D 1 7 5 4 W h e n h e r e sign e d i n 1 78 9 t h e r e was

. . .

“
e l e ct e d D r T h om as. A cti v i ty H ay w h o d i e d i n 1 8 1 6 I n 1 805 , .

h e was G ran d M ast e r bu t t h e r e d o e s n ot ap p ar to h av e b ee n any

,
e

m i nu t e s r e cord e d fro m t h at d at e t o 1 8 1 3 .

D u ri ng th e p e ri o d from 1 7 70 t o 1 7 8 0 t h e O ffi c e of D e puty G ran d

M ast e r was fil l e d by G e n e ral O ugh t on B rot h e r Li ttl e th e E arl O f , ,

Le v e n an d L ord W e st hall
, O f th e fou r O f t h e s e high O ffi cial s t h r e e
.
,

w e re G ran d M ast e rs O f S cotl an d sh owi ng t hat at t h i s p e ri od th e ,

Craft show e d gr e at favor t o th e R oyal O rd e r B ut as m ay b e s e e n .

fro m th e fac t t h at n o m i n ut e s w e r e m ad e b e t w e e n 1 8 0 5 an d 1 8 1 3 ,

t h e ord e r w a s b e co m i ng d orm ant a n d i t cont i nu e d so i n S cotl an d ,

ti l l th e r e vi val i n 1 8 3 9 .

A b road th e R oyal O rd e r spr e ad an d fl ourish e d

, I n B rot h e r .

H u g h a n s catalogu e of book s m e n t i on e d i n th e pr e c e d i ng pag e t h e r e

'

i s th e e n try N O 94 5 O f th e y e ar 1 8 0 8 is e n t i tl e d
.
, ,

T a bl e au g en eral d e s o ffi c i e r s e t m e m b r e s c om posan t l e R , .

c hap i tre d u gran d e t su bl i m e ord r e d e H d m de K i l wi n n i ng sous - -

,

l e t i tr e d i sti n c ti f d u Cfi oi x co nsti tut e par l a gran d e l og e de l or d r e

’

s é an t e a E d i n b ou r g l e 4 O ct obr e 1 78 6 S ou s l es auspi c e s d e M gr
, , . .

”
l e P ri nc e de C am b ac er es gr an d m a i tr e d h on n e u r e n F ran c e
’

, .

“
N O S 946 an d 95 3 c on tai n
. tabl e au x O f th e O ffi c e rs O f th e for e
goi n g O f N ov e m b e r 3 0 1 8 0 8 an d A D 1 8 1 0 th e l att e r havi ng
, , , . .
,

“ ”
a n ot h e r l ist d u m em e ordre s é a nt a R ou e n 1 8 1 0 i n th e sam e , ,

vol u m e .

P ri n c e Cam bac er es A rch C h an c e l l or O f th e F r e n c h E m p i r e was

, ,

succ e e d e d i n hi s o ffi c e of P rovi n ci al G ran d M ast e r by th e h e ad O f

th e D ucal hous e of C h oi s e ul .

T h e a bov e m e nti on e d C hart e r for th e C hapt e r d e C h oi x from

-
, ,

t h e G ran d L odg e O f E d i n b urgh i n 1 7 8 6 was ad dr e ss e d t o N i ch ol as ,

C h a d o u il l e A v ocat e n P arl am e n t an d ot h e r Br e t h r e n
, A fe w , .

m onth s pr e vi ousl y a C hart e r dat e d E di n burgh M ay 1 1 7 8 6 had , , ,

 R OYA L OR DER O F S CO T LA N D 1 91 5

es tabl ish e d a P rovi ncial G ran d L odge O f H e r e d om O f K i lwi n n i ng ,

consti t uting J oh n M at th e ws a m e rch an t of R ou e n P rovi n c ial , ,

C h i e f wi t h p ow e rs t o d i ss e m i nat e th e ord e r
, B ot h t h e s e d oc u .

m e nt s ar e sign e d by Wi ll iam C harl e s Li tt l e D e p uty G ran d M ast e r , ,

W i l l iam M ason an d W i l l i am G i b b T o c om m e m orat e th e e v e n t t he

, .

C h apt e r d u C h oi x st ruck a m e dal wh i c h i s e ngrav e d i n th e T r e sor

N u m ism at i qu e N ap ol eon I t r e p r e s e n t s b e tw ee n a draw b ri dg e
.
-

O p e n si ni st e r an d a ladd e r d e x t e r a t ow e r e n b attl e d su pp orti ng a

, ,

p il lar on w h i ch i s an O p e n book O n th e fron t O f th e t ow e r ar e two .

squar e ston e s o n e e x h i b i ti ng th e squar e an d com pass e s th e ot h e r

, ,

th e l e tt e r R T h e m e dal i s i n scri b e d wi t h th e fol l owi ng l e ge n d

.

Oov er s e L O R D R E D E H D M
’

, I N T R OD U I T E N F R P A R J - -
. . .

M A TH E U S, G M . . P .
, 1 78 6 .

“
R ever se, i n el e ve n l i n es ( I ) , T-R s-T-A
-
. N CH A D O U I LLE , 1 7 8 6
. .

( ) 2 T -
R - s-T -A . L T D O R BA N ,
. . 1 789 .
(3 ) T -R -s-T-A A C D U RIN ,
. . .

1 8 06 .
(4) T -
R -s -T-A . C A . . TH OR Y , 1 8 07 . D E P UTE T -
R -s- T-A .
J .

P R OUY E R
. .

[n g i n t h re e l i n e s th e l ast c urvin g C H A P
ex er u e, DE H D M , ,
- - .

D U C H O I X A P A R I S 1 8 0 9 J A LE Y F E CI T L , A P -H T N ,
- -
.

’
J al e y b e i ng th e arti st s n am e Th e M e dal is O f c op p e r . .

A sh ort ti m e aft e r th e e stabl ish m e n t of th e ord e r i n Fran c e a ,

P rovi ncial G ran d M ast e r was appoi n t e d for S pai n M r J am e s G or , .

do n a m e rc h an t O f X e r e s d e l a F ront e ra w h os e com m i ssi on was

, ,

s ign e d by D e pu ty G ran d M ast e r D r T h om as H ay an d M e ss r s .

,
-
.

C harl e s M O O 1 an d J oh n B rown T h e P rov i n c i al G ran d L odg e i n .

Franc e had j u ri sdi cti o n ov e r tw e nty si x C h ap t e rs O f H e r e d om i n -

,

cl u di ng som e i n B elgi u m an d I taly , b u t as fou rt e e n of t h e se c hap

t e rs w e r e n ot rati fi e d by th e G ran d Lodg e of E d i nb urgh fro m J an
u ary I O 1 8 0 9 t o O ct ob e r 4 1 8 1 1 t h e y may h av e b e e n i rr e gul ar
, , , , .

Com i ng d own t o ou r own t i m e s w e fi n d t h at th e foll owi ng P r o ,

v i n c i al G ran d Lodg e s an d C h apt e rs h av e b ee n aut h ori z e d duri n g

the l as t hal f c e n tu ry T h os e i n ital ics ar e d ormant

. .

T/ze N eth er l a nds, a t A m ster da m

E a s ter n P r ovi n ces , a t Ca l cu tta , I ndi a

S w eden a nd N or way
S a r di n i a
N ew B r u n s wi ck, a t S t .
j o/zn

P r ovi n ce o f Quebec
1 91 6 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y
G l a s g ow a nd N e i g h b o r i n g Co u n t i e s or Isles
Lo n d o n (a n d R oy a l B r u c e Ch a p t e r )
W e s t e r n I n d i a a t B o m b ay
,

Ch i n a a t S h a n g h a i
,

U n i t e d S t a t e s a t W as h i n g t o n D C
, , . .

La n c a s h i r e a n d Ch e s h i r e , a t M a n c h e s t e r
A b e rde e n .

Co u n t y O f Y o r k s h i r e , a t Y o r k
S o u t h e ast A f r i c a, a t D u r b a n
-

R OY A L O R D E R IN TH E U N I T E D S TA T E S .

A arly as 1 7 5 2 a ch apt e r was form e d i n V i rgi n ia bu t s e e m s

S e ,

soon t o h av e c e as e d al l acti vi ty W e m ust c om e d own t o th e y e ar .

1 8 7 7 for th e fou n dati on O f t h e P rovi n ci al G ran d L odg e i n t h e U n it e d

S tat e s T h e W arran t sign e d at E d i n b urgh O ctob e r 4 1 8 7 7 i s as

.
, ,

fol lows

CH A R T E R FO R R OY A L O R D E R IN TH E U N I T E D S TA TE S .

IN TH E NA M E OF T H E H O LY AN D U N DIVI DE D
T R I N IT Y .

W e S ir J oh n W hyt e W D M P r e si d e nt
, , . .

O f t h e J u dg e s an d C oun c il O f th e G r e at S N D . . .

SE A L R M : W a rd e r O f th e T W R O f R F R S
. . . . . . . . .

R . S Y C . . . M N T : D e puty G ran d M ast e r an d G ove rn or

. . .

of th e H igh an d H o n ou rabl e O rd e rs of H R M . . .

of K L W N G an d th e R S Y C S
. . . . . S ir . . . .
'

A l e xan d e r S T N T H S e n i or G ran d Ward e n

, . . . . .
, ,

S i r W il l i am B T Y J u n i or G ran d Ward e n
, . . .
,

an d th e R e m an e n t K n i gh ts C om pani on s of th e
R oyal O rd e r of R S Y C S i n G ran d L odg e . . . . .

ass e m bl e d

S ir A l b e r t V G R ( P ik e ) K n igh t O f th e O rd e r O f th e R S Y
. .
, .
,

C S s e n d gr e e ti ng i n G od E v e rl asti ng
. .
,
.

By v i rtu e O f th e aut h ori ty v e st e d i n U S fro m t i m e i m m e m o r i al

W E d o h e r e by gran t u n to you an d th e r e st of th e R igh t W o r t hy an d
W orsh i pful B r e t h r e n of t h e R oyal O rd e r of H R M an d of th e R . . . .

S Y C S i n th e U n i t e d S tat e s of A m e rica ful l p ow e r w a rr a n t an d

. . . .
, ,

au th ori ty t o h ol d a C hapt e r of th e ord e r O f H R M i n W A S H I N G . . .

1 91 8 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

or approbati on O f any B rot h e r O f th e O rd e r whatso e v e r u n l e ss O f ,

you r own fr e e w il l you S hal l t hi n k prop e r t o pay suc h com p l i m e n t ,

wh ic h w e d ee m e x p e d i e n t an d t h e r e for e r e c om m e n d .

A N D F U R T H E R we h e r e by i n v e st you wi t h ful l pow e r warrant

, ,

a n d auth ori ty t o d e p os e or di spl ac e from h i s or t h e i r O ffi c e s any

O ffic e r or O ffic e rs wh o h av e b ee n gu i l ty O f i m prop e r c on duct or d ig

,

n it
y t o your Worsh i p or to ,fi n e m ulct o r am e rc e t h e m or any O f
, ,

t h e m for th e sam e wi t h ou t b e i ng obl ig e d to b ri ng th e m t o a formal

, ,

trial or ask i ng th e cons e nt or approbati on O f th e B r e t hr e n for S O

,

d oi ng u nl e ss you shal l O f your own fr e e wil l t h i nk prop e r S O t o d o

, .

B u t b e i t al so k n own t h at i f i t S h al l ap p e ar t o you r P rovi nc i al G ran d

L odg e to b e for th e good O f t h e O rd e r i n you r P rovi n c e t h at you
shou l d r e l i n qu i sh or r e stri ct your pri vil e g e O f app oi n t i ng or d ispl ac
,

i ng your O ffi c e b e ar e rs e i th e r i n your C h apt e r or P rov i n ci al G ran d

-
,

Lodg e or i n bot h an d i f you s e e prop e r t o c ons e n t to th e sam e i t

, , ,

S hal l b e i n your pow e r so to do n otwi t hstan d i ng any e x i st ing

,

g e n e ral l aw O f ou r G ran d Lodg e ap p e ari ng t o th e c on trary an d t o ,

cau s e a r e sol ut i on or law t o t hat e ff e ct S p e ci fyi ng h ow an d wh e r e th e

e l e cti on s ar e t o b e i n fu tur e con d uct e d t o b e e n dors e d u p on or a n
,

n e x e d t o t hi s C h art e r an d wh i ch wh e n si g n e d by you an d r e gi st e r e d
,

i n th e M i nu t e Book O f you r P rovi nci al G ran d Lodg e a n d a c opy ,

t h e r e of c e rti fi e d by your P r ov i n ci al G ran d S e cr e tary tran sm itt e d

, ,

to an d ap prov e d by our G ran d L odg e S h al l t h e r e aft e r b e as good

,

an d val i d a l aw S O far as r e gards your C hapt e r an d P rov i nc i al G ran d

.

L odg e as i f i t h ad b e e n m ad e by our G ran d L odg e O f th e R S Y

, . .

C S an d b e i ng e n t e r e d i n ou r R e cord B ook sh al l b e i rre vocabl e

‘

. .

by you an d your succ e ssors i n O ffic e u n l e ss by appl i cati on to an d

wi t h th e ap proval O f our G ran d Lodg e ; i t b e i ng h ow e v e r d e clare d , ,

that n oth i ng sh al l a ff e ct your rig ht as P rovi n cial G ran d M ast e r or th e

rights O f your succ e ssors i n O ffi c e t o ap poi n t you r or t h e ir D e p uty .

A N D W E F U R T H E R stri ctly r e qu i r e O f t h e B r e t h r e n i n g e n e ral your ,

P rov i ncial G ran d O ffi c e rs as w e l l as O t h e rs to r e sp e ct ack n owl e dg e

, ,

an d O b e y you th e sai d S ir A l b e rt V G R an d pay you d u e r e sp e ct

, . . .
,

as H E A D R U L E R an d GO V E R N O R ov e r th e m an d t h e ir C hap t e r or
C h apt e rs i n your sai d P rovi n c e : A n d w e do h e r e by ap poi n t you to
hol d qu art e rly m e e t i ngs O f yo ur P rovi ncial G ran d L o dg e for r e gu
l ati ng t h e a ffai rs O f th e O rd e r O f H R M i n your P rovi nc e
. . . .

A N D F U R T H E R we h e r e by e m pow e r y ou an d you r C h apt e r t o

,

adva n c e to th e R oyal O rd e r O f H R M (on payi ng a fe e not l e ss

. . .
 R OYA L O R D ER O F S CO T LA N D 1 91 9

th an two gu i n e as O f wh i c h te n sh i l l i ngs an d S i x p e nc e shal l b e tran s

,

m i tte d t o o u r G ran d L odg e ) suc h M ast e r M ason s as ar e c om p an

,

i on s O f th e R oyal A rc h C hapt e r a n d as ar e w e l l k n own t o you an d -

your B r e t h r e n to b e wort hy O f t hat H igh H on or b u t w i t h t h i s p ro ,

V iso t hat you s hal l n ot hav e i t i n your pow e r wit h i n your P rovi n ci al
,

G ran d L odg e or e l s e w h e r e to p rom ot e a ny Br e t h r e n O f H R M . . .

to t h e S u bl i m e O rd e r O f th e R S Y C S wi t hou t sp e cial aut h or

. . . . .
,

i ty O btai n e d fro m our G ran d L odg e for t h at p u rp ose n or e v e n t h e n , ,

u nl e ss on pay m e n t O f a fe e O f at l e ast o n e gu i n e a ( of wh i ch te n S h i l
l i ngs an d S i x p e nc e S ha l l b e tran sm itt e d t o ou r G ran d L odg e ) .

A N D F U R T H E R b e i t k n own t o y ou t h at w e proh i bi t an d d is
,

ch arg e you an d you r P rov i n c i al G ran d Lodg e or C hapt e r fro m

gran ti ng any P A T E N T S or LE T T E R S O F CO N ST I TU T I O N t o C hap t e rs ,

or D i pl omas to th e Br e t h r e n or K n ig h t s u n d e r any pr et e nc e w hat

,

e v e r al l suc h t h i ngs b e i ng i ssu e d by u s al on e an d di pl o mas b e i ng

, ,

so i ssu e d fr e e O f c h arg e on paym e n t O f t h e f e e s ab ov e m e n ti on e d

, ,

payabl e to u s o n advanc e m e n t to th e O rd e r of H R M an d p r o . . .

m oti on t o th e S u bl i m e O rd e r O f R S Y C 8 . . . . .

A N D F U R T H E R b e i t k n own t o th e Br e t h r e n i n g e n e ral t h at i t
,

i s n ot n or can i t b e i n th e i r pow e r t o d e p ose or d isplac e you or

, ,

you r succ e ssors i n O ffic e from th e h igh O ffi c e h e r e b y o n you con

f e rre d e x c e p t fo r h igh or e n orm ous cri m e s t e n d i ng to th e scan dal
,

an d d e t ri m e n t of the O rd e r an d n ot t h e n wi th o ut bri ngi ng yo u t o

,

a r e gular t ri al an d an accou n t of th e proc ee d ings th e r e i n wi t h th e

, ,

cri m e an d s e n t e n c e O f th e C ou nci l b e i ng first s e n t to an d ap prov e d

,

by our G ran d Lodg e at E di n bu rgh .

A N D F U R T H E R we e m pow e r y o u t o r e l i n qu i sh gi v e u p or r e
, , ,

sign your sai d O ffi c e wi th th e p ow e rs an d p ri vi l e g e s attac h e d t h e r e t o

as afor e sai d i n cas e you shal l t h i nk prop e r or b e d e si rous S O t o d o
, .

t o any wort hy q ual i fi e d K n igh t O f th e O rd e r O f th e R S Y C S . . . . .

,

an d to n o p e rso n wh atso e v e r u n d e r th at d e gr e e b ut y ou r succ e ssor

, ,

or succ e ssors i n O ffic e b e for e h e or t h e y sh al l e x e r ci se any of th e

, ,

pow e rs c on n e ct e d wi t h sai d O ffic e m u st b e ap p rov e d by our G ran d

Lodg e .

A N D F U R T H E R b e i t k n own t o you t hat i f you o r your succ e s

, ,

sors i n O ffi c e ar e gu il ty O f act i ng con trary to our wi ll an d pl e asu r e or

any O f th e L aws R ul e s an d R e gu lati on s n ow ap p oi n t e d by u s or
, ,

w hic h m ay h e r e aft e r b e app oi nt e d for your O b s e rvan c e by aut h or i ty

O f our G ran d L odge fro m w h i ch you h ol d t hi s C onsti tuti on or
,
1 92 0 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

C h a r t e r , T h e s e P r e s e nts an d
all pow e r th e r e un d e r sh al l fo rt h wi th
c e as e an d d e t e rm i n e wi th out an y form al r e vocat i on on ou r p a rt an d ,

y ou an d t h e y sh al l b e r e n d e r e d i nca pa bl e O f h oldi ng an y G ran d

O ffi c e or au th ori ty i n th e R oyal O rd e r an d al so b e l iab l e t o b e e x ,

tr u d e d for con t e m pt an d di sob e d i e nc e .

T h at al l com pan i on s O f th e R oyal O rd e r adm i tt e d i n you r P r o

v i n c i a l G ran d L odg e or C hap t e r m ay b e d uly e nroll e d i n O u r R e c ord

B ook w e do parti cul arly d ir e c t your att e n ti on t o th e T w e n ty S i x t h

,
-

A rt icl e O f ou r C onsti tut i on an d Laws as r e v i s e d a n d a p prov e d on

S i x t h J an u ary o n e t h ousan d e igh t h un dr e d an d S i x ty t wo
,
-
.

A n d for e v e ry A u th ori ty P ow e r an d P ri vil e g e h e r e i n ab ov e

,

m e n ti on e d t h i s sh al l b e you r su ffi ci e n t W arran t P at e n t an d C hart e r

, , .

I n t e sti m on y wh e r e of t h i s ou r C hart e r wri tt e n by A l e x a n d e r

, , ,

Bl u e s Wyl l i e cl e rk t o ou r G ran d S e cr e ta r y i s su bsc ri b e d by J O H N

, ,

W H Y T E M E L V I L LE O f B e n n oc h i e an d S tr athk i n n es ou r D e puty
-
, ,

G ran d M ast e r an d G ov e rnor ; A L E X A N D E R H A Y O u r S e ni or G ran d ,

War d e n ; W I LLI A M M A N N our J un i or G ran d W a rd e n ; G E O R G E

,

M U R R A Y our G ran d T r e asu r e r an d J O H N B R O W N D O U G LA S ou r

, , ,

Gran d S e cr e tary ; all K n igh ts O f th e R S Y C S d uly s e al e d . . . . .

,

i n d t h e r e u pon a pprov e d an d issu e d by ou r G ran d L odg e O f th e

R oyal O rd e r at E di n burgh t h i s fourth d ay of O ctob e r i n t h e y e ar

, , ,

b f ou r Lord o n e th ousan d e igh t h u n dr e d an d s e v e nty s e v e n an d O f -

,

th e R e storati on O f th e O rd e r 5 6 4 .

J W H Y T E M E LV I LLE W D M .
-
, . . .

A LE x . H A Y, S T N
. . . T H . .

W . M AN N , B . T . Y .

G E O R GE M U RRA Y , G T . .

J B . . D O U GLA S G S , . .

“
Th e c h art e r m e m b e rs w e r e th i rt e e n i n n u m b e r i n cl ud i ng ,

s e v e ral w e ll k n own an d e m i n e nt B r e t h r e n (wh os e l a bors for the

-

C raft an d d e e p i nt e r e st i n i ts w e l far e ar e as f a m i l i ar to E ngl i sh

M ason ic stu d e n ts as to t h os e i n A m e rica ) al l of wh om b e ca m e ,

m e m b e rs of th e G ran d Lodg e at E di n b urgh .

FO U N D E R S N 8 77
'

A M E S, A D . . 1 .

B rot h e r A l b e rt P ik e W ashi ngton D C , , . .

J o h n R ob i n M c D a n i e l Lyn ch b u rg , , Va .

H e n r y L P al m e r M i lw auk e e W i s
.
, , .
1 92 2 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

e n te e n t h c e nt ury wh e n i t an d th os e d egr ee s w e r e al l th e F r e e m a
,

s o n r y t hat e x i st e d i n th e worl d \V e r e ad i t an d br e at h e th e ai r O f
.

th e O ld day s A ft e r havi ng b e e n l ong c on v e rsan t wi t h th e e lab o

.

rat e on e s O f t h e pr e s e n t day i t i s l i k e goi ng fro m t h e pom p an d

,

S h ow O f c iti e s i n to th e for e st an d prai ri e t o l i v e am ong t h e frank ,

hu n t e rs an d stu rdy hu sba n dm e n wh o hav e b e e n th e b ui l d e rs O f th e

S tat e s t o e nj oy t h e long d ays O f O ctob e r i n th e woods an d S l e e p at
, ,

n ight u n d e r t h e p rot e cti ng stars ( O cto b e r 1 6 .

,

P r i m a r y A i m of t/z e R i te W e r e pr e s e n t n ot al tog e th e r u n
.
,

worth i ly I h op e th e i n t e ll e c t an d th e sc h ol arsh i p O f th e Fr e e m a
, ,

s o n r y O f t h e U n i t e d S tat e s : O u r F at h e r w h o i s i n H e av e n h as gi v e n

u s t h e O p port un i ty to s e rv e M aso nry wort h i ly an d mak e i t th e ,

d e b tor O f th e R oyal O rd e r by l e ad i ng t h e M ason s of th e B l u e

,
‘ '

L odg e s t o t h e l i v i ng spri ngs O f truth m aki ng k n own to t h e m th e ,

t ru e m e an i ng an d profou n d S ign i fica nc e O f t h e i r m ost anci e n t sy m

b ol s an d t e ac h ing t h e m t o se t a h igh e r val u e up on th e i r Fr ee m a
,

s on r y an d t o e l e vat e i t i n t h e e sti mat i on O f th e worl d

, , ( S e pt e m .

be r 2 4,
TO un i t e d i nt o a P rovi n ci al G ran d Lodg e O f ou r ol d an d
se e

v e n e rabl e O rd e r a c e rtai n l i m it e d n u m be r of good m e n an d M aso ns ,

r e si di ng i n al l ou r S tat e s an d T e rri tori e s b e tw ee n wh om th e n e w t i e s

,

O f a m or e p e rfe ct Brot h e rh ood m ight b e c r e at e d an d y e ar by y e ar ,

”
grow strong e r an d m or e e nd uri ng ( O ctob er 2 0 .
,

H i s tor i ca l B a s i s of M e O r de r I t was e stabl i sh e d ou r R it ual

.
,

d e cl are s to corr e ct th e e rrors an d r e form th e a bus e s wh i c h h ad

,
‘

’ ’
c r e pt i n am ong th e t h r e e d e gr e e s O f S t J oh n s M ason ry I t i s for
. .
‘

’
t h e pr e s e rvat i o n i n i ts p uri ty O f S t J oh n s M ason ry O n e wh o
’
. .

co m e s t o s e e k ad m issi o n h e r e d e cl are s t hat h e i s a M ason from a ‘

L odg e d e di cat e d to S t J o h n ;
’
an d h e c o m e s t o s e e k a word whi c h
.

was l ost an d wh ic h by o u r assi stanc e h e h op e s t o fi n d

, .

T h e R oyal O rd e r h as al so th e e arly sym b ol ism O f th e B l u e ‘ ’

d e gre e s an d n ot t hat b orrow e d from th e A lc h e m ical an d H e rm e t i c

,

b ooks T h e col u m n O f t h e T ow e r O f R e fre sh m e n t h as a sq uare bas e

.

O f p e d e stal i nt e n d e d t o b e a cu b e or p e rf e ct ash l a r
, T h e s haft O f .

t h e c ol u m n has n i n e wi n dows l ook i ng E ast o n e for e ac h fl igh t O f ,

s e v e n ( 7) st e ps O n th e col u m n i s a t riangular e n tabl atu re on t h i s

.

a book an d u n d e r t h e l e tt e rs u pon i ts fac e a square a l e v e l an d a , ,

pl u m b rul e ; ov e r t h e s e a pai r o f co m pass e s e x t e n d e d t o a righ t

angl e T h e stai rway h as t hr e e l an di ng plac e s an d t h e l ow e st fl ight
.
-
 R OYA L O R DE R O F S CO T LA N D 1 92 3

fi ve , Of
’
of stairs i s of s e v e n st e ps s e con d Of an d th e ap e x
‘
, th e
’
th r ee f
“
an i n n ovat i on to m ak e th e p oss e ssi on O f th e D egr ee
I t w as
O f th e R oyal A rc h a n e c e ssary qual i ficati on for ad m i ssi on i nt o t h e

O rd e r ; for i t wa s at first O p e n t o M ast e r M asons (O ctob e r I 5 .

,

The pr e s e n t P rovi nci al G ra n d M ast e r i s B rot h e r J osia h H .

D ru m m o n d of M ai n e ; n o m i n at e d to suc c e e d G e n e ral A l b e rt P i k e
,
.

T h e D e p uty P rovi nci al G ra n d M ast e r i s T h om as H C asw e l l O f .

C al i forn i a .

T h e r e m ai n i ng O ffic e rs d uly ap p oi nt e d form i ng th e tab l e au to

dat e ar e
P r ov S en i or G r a n d Wa r de n — G e org e M M ou lton O f I l l i n oi s
. .
, .

P r ov j u n i or G r a n d Wa r d en — C harl e s H F i sk of K e n t ucky
. .
, .

P r ov G r a n d S ec r eta r y — W O scar R oom e O f D istric t O f CO

. .
,

l u m b ia .

P r ov G r a n d T r ea s u r er — T h o mas J S h y r oc k O f M aryl and

. .
, .

P r ov G r a n d S w or d B ea r er — F M H igh l e y O f P e n n syl van i a

. . .
, .

P r ov G r a n d B a n n e r B ea r er — N i ch olas C oul son of M i c h igan

.
, .

P r ov Gr a n d C/zap /a i n — R e v M C arm i c ha e l O f V i rgi n ia

. . .
, .

P r ov F i r s t G r a n d M a r i s cna l — G E C orson O f D i stri ct of

. . .
,

C ol u m b ia .

P r ov S econ d Gr a n d M a r i s ena Z— J H O l cott O f D i stri ct O f

. . .
,

Col u m bi a .

P r ov G r a n d G n a r der — J am e s H ays T ri m b l e O f D istri ct O f

.
,

Col u m b i a .

P r ov Gr a n d S tew a r ds — A l li son N ai l or J r O f D i stri ct O f C O

.
, .
,

l u m b ia ; W i l li am B rom w e l l M e l i sh O f O h i o ; H arri so n D i ngm an ;

,

H H W i l l i am s O f H awai i
. .
, .

T h e con sti tut i on s an d laws O f th e R oyal O rd e r as drawn u p ,

i n L on d on at th e fou n dati o n O f th e ord e r i n 1 74 2 r e m ai n e d u n ,

c hang e d ti ll J an ua r y 5 I 76 7 By o n e O f th e s e laws R ul e 1 9 f e e s
, .
, ,

ar e to b e p ai d to th e G ran d L odg e O f E d i n b u rgh by m e m b e rs

i n E ngl an d an d th e Con sti tuti on d e cl ar e s t h at th e K i ng O f S cot

,

l an d i s P e rp e tu al G ran d M ast e r an d t h e r e for n ot an e l e ct i v e

,

O ffi c e r .

By t h e stat ut e s th e G ran d L odg e O f R S Y C S an d G ran d

, . . . . .

Chapt e r O f H R M c an on ly b e h e l d i n S cot lan d an d th e form e r

. . .
,

re s e rv e s t o its e l f t h e righ t to p ro m ot e t o th e hon or O f K nigh th ood

1 924 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

O f th e Y C S b ut usual ly d e l e gat e s th e p ow e r to t h at e ff e ct
R . S . . . .
,

t o t h e P rovi nci al G ran d M ast e rs by p e rsonal pat e nts , .

T h e G r a n d L odg e O ffic e rs a r e si m i lar t o th os e al r e ady n ot e d for

t h e P rov i n ci al G ra n d L odg e on ly t h e B rot h e r w h o rul e s that b ody , ,

u n ti l a k i ng O f S cotlan d ( cal l e d of G r e at B ri tai n an d I r e l an d ) i s ab l e

“
to b e com e G ran d M ast e r i s t e rm e d D e pu ty G ran d M a st e r an d ,
”
G ov e rn or a D e p uty G ov e rn or b e i ng al so app oi n t e d all h av i ng c or
, ,

r e sp on di ng ran k i n t h e G ran d C hapt e r O f H D M The D G . . . . .

M ( an d G ov e rn or) an d D e pu ty G ov e rn or of t h e G ran d Lodg e a r e

.

ex — o i ei i s e r O f th e T R Of
fi Ward e r an d D e p u ty G ran d W ard W . . .

R F R S M N T a n d th e P rovi nci al G ran d M ast e r e nj oys a

. . . . . . .
,

si m il ar stat us i n h i s P rovi n c e ; as also T R S T A of h i s own . . . . .

ch a pt e r .

T h e 4t h O f J uly i s e l e cti on day for th e G ran d O ffi c e rs an d al so -

for su bord i n at e c h apt e rs out O f S c otlan d or fi rst foll owi ng lawful ,

day i f th e 4th sh al l b e a S at u rday or S u n day T h e ot h e r stat e d

, .

m e e ti ngs O f G ran d Lodg e an d P rovi n c i al G ran d L odg e s ar e O cto

b e r 4th J an uary 4th an d A p ril 4th wi th the sam e e x c e pt i on s
, , ,
.

M e m b e rs acti ng as G ran d O ffic e rs p r o te m h av e pow e r t o S ign .

d ipl om as c hart e rs pat e nts e tc

, A copy O f a c e rt i ficat e i ssu e d t o
, , .

W i ll ia m J am e s H u g h an t h e hi sto ri an u n d e r th e s e al O f th e R oyal
, ,

O rd e r at E di n burgh dat e d M arc h 6 1 8 6 7 i s an n e x e d , , ,

CO P Y OF TH E R O Y A L O R D E R C E R T I FI CA T E , AC .
553 .

IN TH E NAM E OF TH E H O LY AN D U N D IVIDE D
T R I N IT Y .

W e S i r J oh n W h yt e W D M P r e si d e nt of th e
, , . . .
,

J u dg e s an d C ou n ci l of t h e G r e at S N D R M an d
. . . . .
,
N
Ward e r O f th e T W R O f R F R S M N T . . . . . . . . . .
,
H
G D e p uty G ran d M ast e r an d G ov e rn or O f th e H igh an d
U
H H on ou rabl e O rd e r O f H R M O f K L W N G
)

r 1
(
. . . . . . . .

an d t h e R S Y C S ; S ir A l e x an d e r S T N T
S
. . . . .
, . . . .

E
M H S e ni or G ran d W ard e n a n d S i r W il l iam B T Y
.
, , , . . .
,
GR E E N .

A
J u n i or G ran d W ard e n an d th e r e m a n e n t K n ights ,

M C o m pan i on s O f th e R O Y A L O R D E R O f t h e R S Y . . .

A
C S i n G ran d Lodg e ass e m bl e d
I . . .

L
L W e d o h e r e by c e rt i fy a n d d e cl ar e th at our T rusty
W an d w el l B e lov e d B rot h e r W i ll ia m J am e s H u g h a n ,
1 92 6 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

M W B rot h e r J oh n W hy t e M e l vi ll e w as th e D e p uty G ran d

. .
-

M ast e r an d G ov e r n or for m any y e ars an d on n is d e c e as e was su c

,

c e e d e d by th e R igh t H on ora bl e th e E arl O f R ossly n i n 1 8 8 5 w h o

, , ,

d i e d S e pt e m b e r 6 1 8 90 an d was su cc e e d e d by
, , Th e
G ran d S e cr e t ary i s th e S cott i sh M ason i c h i storian B rot h e r D , .

M urr a y Lyon .

The Y e ar O f th e R e storati on O f th e O rd e r dat e s from 1 3 1 4

“
,

S O t hat A D 1 900 or A L 4 900 woul d b e

. . . . A n na O r di n i s 5 7 6 to S t .

J oh n t h e Bapt i st D ay ; b ut aft e r t h at f e sti val i t woul d b e 5 7 7 A .

S i m i l ar m od e had l ong b e e n foll ow e d by t h e K n ights T e m pl ars

( wh i c h d ou btl ss r f rs t o D m artyrdom ) i n r e l ati o n t o

’
e e e e M ol a s
, , y ,
”
th e sam e y e ar on ly t e rm e d A n n o C ae d i s
“
,
t h u s sugg e sti ng an
,

i nt i m at e con n e ct i on b e tw ee n th e two b odi e s .

 TH E I
OLDES T M A S ON C MI N UTE I N E X I S TENCE .

FA C- S IM ILE O F T H E OLDE S T M IN U T E OF T H E LO DG E OF E D IN B U RG H (M A R Y ’
S C H A P E L) .

Lel m -
o

fi’P S
a Y M
W W

C M

T R A N S CR I P T I O N .

V LT I M O J Y
UL 1 5 99.

Th e q lk d ay G e or ge P a to n n m a iss ou n g r e n tti t c on fess i t t h a t h e h a d O ff e n d i t

ag a n e th e d e k i n m r s for p l a c e i n g o f a n e c o wa n e to w i rk a t a ne c h y m n a y h e i d
for tua d a y is and an e h a l f d a y , fo r th e q l k O ffe n ss he su bm i tti t h i m s el f i n th e
d ek i n m r s g ri d s q
W i l li s for y p l e ss to l a y to h i s c h a rge an d t h a y
t v n law th e ,

h a v i ng r es p e c t to th e s ai d G eor ge s h u m i ll s u b m iss i ou n O f h i s es ta i t th ey r e m i tti t ,

h i m th e s a i d o ffe nss P r o v i d i n g a l w a y is t h a t g i f a th e r h e [
, or
] o n y v th e r br o th e r
c o m i tt th e l y k e O ffe n ss h e i r e fte r th a t th e l a w s a l l S tr y ke v p o u n th a m e i n d isc r e t a

w tou t e xc e p ti o u n O f p e r s o n i s T h i s wes d on e i n p rcs of P a u l l M a iss O

. u n dek i n ,

T h oa s W e i r w a rd e n T h oas W a t t
,
J oh n e B r o n n H e n ri e T a i l z e fe i r th e s a i d
, , ,

G e o r ge Fa t ou n , A d a m W al kar .

I ta es t A d a m us G i b s one n or i u s .

P a u l l M a i s s ou n , d e ki n .
 FR E EMA SO N RY IN OTH E R COUN TR IES

CH A P T E R I

FR E E M A S O N R Y I N CA N A D A

BY W I LL H . W H Y TE , P G
. . M . K . T . O F CA N A D A

H E h i story o f Fre e m ason ry i n B r i ti sh N ort h

A m e rica or t h at part O f th e con t i n e n t n ow
,
”
b e tt e r k n own as th e D o mi n i on of C an ada i s ,

a m ost i n t e r e st i ng o n e .

U pon th e adv e n t O f C on f e d e rat i on J uly I , ,

1 86 7 local con t rol i n e ac h P rov i n c e for the

,

gov e rn m e n t O f th e M ason i c F rat e rn i ty O f th e

D om i n i o n t ook a strong h ol d as a p r e d om i n an t i d e a an d p r e va il e d , .

E ac h P rov i n c e h as n ow a G ran d L odg e an d i n ord e r O f t h e ir ,

organ i z at ion ar e as fol l o ws : Canada havi ng j urisd ict i o n on ly i n

,

O ntari o 1 8 5 5 N ova S c otia 1 8 6 6 ; N e w B ru n swick 1 8 6 7 ; Q u e b e c ,

, , ,

1 8 6 0 ; B ri t ish C ol u m b i a 1 871 ;
, M an i toba 1 8 75 ; P ri nc e E d ward ,

I slan d 1 8 7 5 ; A l b e rta
, ,1 90 5 ; S ask at ch e wan 1 906 Th e fi rs t , .

m ark s of th e A n ci e n t C raftsman h av e b e e n fou n d i n N ova S cot i a .

A m i n e ral o gi cal surv e y i n 1 8 2 7 fou n d on th e sh or e O f G oat I slan d

i n th e A n nap ol i s B a si n partly cov e re d W i t h san d a sl ab O f rock
, ,

2 A X 2 f ee t
. b e ari ng on i t t h ose w e l l k n ow n M ason i c e m b l e m s
,
-
,
“
th e S quar e an d C om p ass e s an d th e dat e 1 6 0 6 W h o w e r e th e
, .

C raftsm e n an d h ow th e ston e cam e t h e r e m ust b e l e ft t o c on

, ,

j ec tu r e
.

N ova S coti a .

The r e cords O f th e C raft i n B ost on M as s stat e th at Bro , , .

H e n ry P ric e was app oi nt e d P rovi n c i al G ran d M ast e r O f N e w E n g

l an d by V i scou n t M on tagu e G ran d M ast e r O f th e P r e m i e r G ran d
,

Lodge o f E nglan d ( M od e m s) an d t hat h i s aut h o r ity w as su b

,

s e qu e n tly e x t e n d e d t o al l N ort h A m e ri ca .

1 920
1 93 0 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

On th e 1 3 t h O f N ov e m b e r , 1 7 3 7, E rasmu s J am e s P h i l li ps , an
O ffi c e r of th e F ort i e t h R e gi m e n t , t h e n stat i on e d at A n napol is R oyal ,
“
v isi t e d B oston an d was m ad e a M ason i n th e F irst Lodg e i n
B ost on . T h i s B ro P h i l l i p s was a n e p h e w of Col R ic h ar d
. .

P h i l l i ps th e fi rst gov e rno r O f N ova S cot i a a n d th e s e cr e tary O f th e

,

gov e rn or s cou nci l an d e v i d e ntly O b tai n e d an ap poi n t m e n t as

’

D e puty fro m B ro P ric e t h e P rovi n cial G ran d M ast e r at B oston

.
, .

T h e first l odg e e stabl is h e d i n N ova S cot i a was at A n nap ol i s ,

an d u n d e r aut hori ty fro m B ost on by th e S t J o h ns G ran d L odg e O f .

M a ssac h us e t ts U n d e r dat e 1 7 40 th e m i nut e s r e ad

.

Th e R W o rs h G ran d M ast e r grant e d a D e putat i o n at t h e

‘ l ’
“
.

P e ti ti on of sun d ry B r e t h r e n for h ol d i ng a l odg e at A n nap ol i s i n

N ova S coti a an d ap poi n t e d t h e R igh t W orsh i pful E rasm us J a m e s
,

P h i l li ps ,
t h e r e w h o aft e rward e r e ct e d a Lodge at H al i
,

fax an d app oi nt e d H is E x c e ll e ncy E dward Co m w allis t h e i r fi rst

M ast e r .

Bro P h i l l i ps h av i ng organ i z e d t h i s l odg e at A n napol i s as

.
,

st at e d l at e r o u — O u th e p e t i t i o n O f th e B re t h r e n at H al i fax i n 1 7 5 0
,

— grant e d a W a rran t for a l odg e an d appoi n t e d B ro E d ward .

C orn wall i s th e fou n d e r O f H al i fax 1 749 an d fi rst gov e rnor of

, , ,

N ova S cot i a ( an d an u n cl e O f th e L ord C ornwall is w h o figu r e d i n

R e vol ut i onary t i m e s i n th e U n it e d S tat e s) as i ts fi rst M ast e r Th i s
, .

l odg e w a s i nsti t u t e d at H al i fa x J uly 1 9 1 7 5 0 B ro P h il l i ps , . .

h e l d th e p osit io n O f P rov i n cial G ran d M ast e r u nti l 1 7 5 8 an d i n ,

t h e m i n ut e s O f th e F irst L odg e at B ost on i n 1 7 3 9 i s e n t e r e d as

G ran d M ast e r O f N ova S coti a .

I n 1 7 5 6 l odg e m e e t i ngs w e r e h e l d i n H al i fax by th e L odg e of ,

S oc i al an d M i l i tary V i rtu e s N O 2 2 7 I ri sh R e gist ry t h e n at

, .
, ,

t ac h e d t o t h e F orty si x t h R e gi m e n t O f L igh t I n fan try

-
T h i s l odg e .

i s n ow A n t i q ui ty L odg e N O 1 M on tr e al o n th e R e gist r y of th e
“
, .
, ,

G ran d L odg e O f Qu e b e c .

T h e G ran d L odg e o f N ov a S cot i a i s i n p oss e ssi on O f a l arg e

am ou n t o f val u a bl e an d i nt e re sti ng M ason ic d ocu m e n ts am ong ,

t h e m a C h a rt e r to form a P rovi nc i al G ran d L odg e dat e d D e c e m b e r ,

“ ”
2 7 , 1 7 5 7 fro m t h e G ran d L odg e O f th e
, A nci e nt s si gn e d Bl e s ,

i n g to n G ran d M a st e r an d L au r e n c e D e rm ott G ran d S e cr e ta r y

, , , .

O n th e 2 d day O f J un e 1 7 8 4 a W arran t ( appar e nt ly a r e n e wal

, ,

O f th e 1 75 7
) w as gran t e d by au th ori ty O f G ran d M a st e r A n t ri m ,

D e pu t y G ran d M ast e r L a u r e n c e D e rm ot t an d R ob e r t L e sl i e , ,
1 93 2 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

M asons O f N ova S coti a T h e t h r e e O l d e st l odg e s n ow w ork i ng

.

”
u n d e r t hi s j uri sd ict i on a r e i n H al i fax an d ar e S t A n d re w s
“
.
’

c h art e r e d M arc h 2 8 1 7 6 8 Lon don Laur e n c e D e rm ott G r a n d

, , , ,

“” ’

S e cr e t a ry ; St J ohn s c h art e r e d J u n e 3 0 1 7 8 0 Lon don an d

.
, , , ,

V i rgi n L odg e Fe bruary 1 8 1 7 8 2 , , .

1 90 6 N ova S cot i a h as si x ty si x l odg e s on t h e rol l a n d a m e m

.
-

h e rsh i p of
N ew B r u nsw i ck .

T h e P rov i n c e Of N
B run swic k pr e v i ou s t o th e y e ar 1 78 6
ew

form e d a part O f N ova S cot i a O n M arc h 6 1 7 8 4 appl i cat i on .

, ,

was m ad e t o J oh n G e org e P yk e E s q P rovi n ci al G ran d M ast e r , .

,

e l e ct ,at H al i fax by E l i as H ardy M ast e r O f L odg e 1 6 9 for a

, , ,

“ ”
d i sp e n sati on t o e stab l ish a l odg e O f A n ci e n t Y ork M ason s at
P arr T own P arr T own n ow th e Ci ty O f S t J o h n w as n am e d
.
, .
,

aft e r H is E x c e l l e ncy J oh n P arr Capt ai n G e n e ral an d G ov e rn or i n ,

-

C h i e f an d w h o h ad b e e n e l e ct e d P rov i nci al G ran d M ast e r O f t h e

,
”
A n ci e nt M ason s O f N ov a S cot ia 1 7 8 6 — 91 .

O n A ugust 2 2 1 792 a Warran t w as gran t e d by th e P rov i nci a l

, ,

G ran d Lodg e at H al i fax for S ol o m o ns L odg e N O 2 2 ( n o w N O 6 , .

on th e R e gistry O f N e w B run swi ck ) t o b e l ocat e d at S t A n n s , .

,

n ow F r e d e ricton th e cap i tal O f N e w B ru n swi ck O n J u n e 7 1 8 2 6

, .
, ,

J A l bro P rovi nci al G ran d M ast e r at H al i fax ap poi n t e d B e nj am i n

.
, ,

L P e t e rs D e pu ty G ran d M ast er for th e ci ty O f S t J oh n an d th e

. .

t own O f S t A n dr e ws i n N e w B run swi ck O n M arc h 1 0 1 8 2 9 a

. .
, ,

Warrant N O 5 2 was mad e ou t by th e P rovi nci al G ran d Lodg e at

, .
,

H al i fa x for A l b i on N o 8 4 1 S t J oh n ,
T h i s l odg e form e rly also
.
, . .
,

u n d e r t h e E ngl i sh R e gi stry as N O 400 i s n ow N o 1 o n th e R e gi s .

, .

try O f N e w Brun swi ck .

“
T h e A c t c on f e d e r a t i ng th e P rovi nc e s i nto th e D om i n i on O f
Ca n a da cam e i nt o forc e J uly I 1 8 6 7 T h i s n e w stat e O f p ol i tic al
, .

e x ist e nc e brought pro m i n e n tly t o th e fron t th e M ason i c status i n

e ach P rovi nc e an d t h e form at i on O f an I nd e p e n d e n t G ran d L odg e

,

for th e P rov i n c e of N ew B run swick was agi tat e d O n th e 1 6 t h O f .

A ugust 1 8 6 7 a m e e t i ng O f th e M ast e rs an d P ast M ast e rs i n t h e

, ,

ci ty O f S t J oh n w as h e l d an d i t was r e sol v e d to ad dr e ss a ci rcul a r

.

to e v e ry l odg e i n th e P rov i n c e O n th e 1 0 th day O f O c tob e r 1 8 6 7 .

, ,

th e G ran d L odg e O f A n c i e n t F r e e an d A cc e p t e d M ason s O f N e w

Brun sw ick was form e d by re pre s e n tati v e s O f fourt e e n l odg e s .

T h e r e w e r e ni n e t e e n l odg e s r e pr e s e nt e d b ut th e d e l e gat e s fro m ,

 FR E E M A S O N R Y IN CA N A D A 1 93 3

St A
. n dr e ws Lodg e 3 6 4 R S r e ti r e d from th e con v e n t i on wh i l e
, . .
,

t h ose from H oward 6 6 8 an d Z e tl an d 8 8 6 E R t h ough favori ng

, , .
,

t h e m ov e m e nt stat e d t h e y had n o aut hority t o vot e for a n e w

,

G ran d L odg e T h e r e pr e s e n tati v e s O f two ot h e rs w e r e n ot pr e s e n t

.

wh e n th e v ot e was tak e n V W B ro R ob e rt T C l i nc h D i strict

. . . . .
,

G ran d M ast e r E R was e l e ct e d G ran d M ast e r bu t d e cl i n e d as h e

, .
, ,

h a d n ot r e sign e d h is O ffic e u n d e r th e E ngl i sh R egi st ry B ro B . . .

L e st e r P e t e rs w as t h e n u nan i m ously e l e ct e d G ran d M ast e r th e ,

i nstal lat i on t ak i ng plac e on th e 2 2 d O f J an uary 1 8 6 8 D uri ng th e , .

y e ar 1 8 6 7—6 8 te n l odg e s h ol d ing u n d e r th e E ngl ish R e gi stry

b e cam e of all e gi anc e to th e G ran d Lodge of N e w Brun swick an d ,

i n S e pt e m b e r 1 8 7 2 S t A n dr e ws L odg e at F r e d e rict on al so
, , .
, ,

a ffi l iat e d r e n d e ri ng th e j uri sd icti on O f t h i s G ran d L odg e com p l e t e

, .

1 90 6. T h e r e ar e t h i rty fi ve l odge s on th e rol l wi t h a m e m b e rsh i p

-
,

of
Qu e oec .

Al t h ough i t has b e e n a ffi rm e d by F re nc h an d ot h e r wri t e rs t hat

a l odg e O f F r e e m ason s e x i st e d i n th e ci ty O f Qu e b e c i n t h e y e ar
1 75 5 ,
n o r e cords or ot h e r e v i d e n c e s ar e k n own t o b e i n e xi st e n c e ,

an d M ason ry i n th e P r ov i n c e on ly dat e s i t s e x i st e n c e from t h e ti m e

” ”
Of W ol f e wh e n th e Lily fl ag O f th e B ourb on was r e plac e d by
,
“

th e U n i on J ack ov e r th e citad e l of Q u e b e c .

Q u e b e c cap i t ul at e d i n S e p t e m b e r 1 7 5 9 an d am ong th e r e gi , ,

m e n t s taki ng p art i n t h e capt ur e t h e foll owi ng se v e n h e l d trav e l l i ng

warran ts for l odg e s as fol lows : N O 2 4 5 I R warran t e d 1 7 5 4 i n
, .
, .
, ,

th e F i ft e e n t h R e gi m e n t ; N O 3 5 I R warran t e d 1 7 3 4 i n th e
.
, .
, ,

T w e n ty e igh t h R e gi m e n t ; a l odg e i n th e T w e n ty e igh th

-
L oui s -
,
”
b urg Boston W arran t e d 1 7 5 8 ; N O 2 0 5 I R warrant e d 1 749 i n
, .
, .
, ,
“
t h e T h irty fi ft h R e gi m e n t ; N O 4 2
- E R A n ci e n t
. warran t e d
, . .
,

1 75 5 i n th e F orti e t h R e gi m e n t ; N O
,
1 92 I R warra nt e d 1 74 8 i n .
, .
, ,

th e F ort y s e v e nt h R egi m e n t an d N O 2 1 8 I R warran t e d 1 7 5 0 i n

”

-
, .
, .
, ,

th e F orty — e igh t h R e gi m e nt T h e r e w e r e li k e wis e l odg e s i n s e v e n

.

or m or e r e gi m e nt s tak i ng p art i n th e capi t ul at i on O f M on tr e al S e p ,

t e m b e r 9 1 76 0 h ol di ng u n d e r E ngl ish I ri sh S cot c h an d Co l o n ial

, , , , ,

c hart e rs.

T h e fol l owi ng e x tract s from a docu m e n t i n poss e ssi o n of th e

G ran d L i b rari an O f E ngl an d succi nctly t e l l th e st ory O f t h e form a
”
ti on O f th e first Low e r Canad a G ran d L odg e o n D e c e m b e r 2 7 ,

1 7 5 9 i n th e ci ty O f Q u e b e c
,
.
1 934 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

I n th e w i nt e r O f 1 75 9 t h e M ast e rs an d W ard e n s O f al l th e
Warrant e d Lodg e s h e l d i n th e R e gi m e n ts garri son e d t h e r e ass e m ,

bl e d t og e t h e r an d u nan i m ously a gr e e d t o ch oos e an acti ng G ran d

M ast e r t o p r e si d e ov e r t h e m A gr e e ab l e t h e r e t o t h e y m ad e c h oi c e
.

of B 1 0 G u i n n e tt L i e ut e nan t i n t h e F orty se v e n t h R e gi m e n t an d
.
,
-
,

dre w ou t si g n e d an d s e al e d a W arr an t e m p ow e ri ng h i m an d h i s
, ,

succ e ssors e l e ct e d t o con gr e gat e t h e m t og e t h e r as a G ran d L odg e

,

for th e i n t e n t b e for e m e n t i on e d t h e y havi ng th e Co n stit ut i o n as ,

t h e i r c h i e f gu i d e .

“
T h e 2 4th J u n e 1 7 6 0 B rot h e r S i m on F ras e r Colon e l O f t h e
, , ,

H igh lan d R e gi m e n t w as e l e ct e d t o p r e si d e ov e r th e L odg e s an d

, ,
’
Brot h e r T D u n c k e r l ey of H is M aj e sty s S hi p th e V an gu ard w h o
.
‘ ’
,

was p oss e ss e d w it h a p ow e r fro m th e G ran d L odg e Of E nglan d t o

i nsp e ct i n t o th e stat e of th e C raft wh e r e so e v e r h e m igh t go ,

i n stal l e d B rot h e r F ras e r i n h i s high O ffi c e .

T h i s P ro vi n c i al G ran d L odg e for t h e P rovi nc e O f Qu e b e c ,

an nu al ly e l e ct e d a G ran d M ast e r an d O ffi c e rs an d was i n e x ist e nc e ,

for t hi rty two y e ars 1 7 5 9 91 A m ong th e G r a n d M ast e rs fol

-
,
-
.

l owi ng th e H on S i m on F ras e r w e r e C apt M il b om e W e st 1 76 1 ;

.
, .
,

L i e ut e n an t T urn e r 1 7 6 3 H o n J oh n C ol l i n s 1 7 6 5
, S ir G u y Ca rl e
.
,

t on ( L ord D orch e st e r ) 1 78 6 an d S ir J oh n J oh nson B art wh o

, , , .
,

r e si d e d at M on tr e al 1 7 8 8 ,

A ccordi ng t o M W B ro J oh n H am i lt on G rah am LL D wh o
. . .
, . .
,

co mp il e d t hat v al u abl e work T/ze H i s tor y of F r eem a s on r y i n

Qu eoec t h e r e h as b e e n trac e d som e forty l odg e s h ol d i ng u n d e r or
,

e m an ati ng from t h i s G ran d L odg e T h e fi rst l odg e s i t c hart e r e d .

“
w e r e i n th e ci ty O f Q u e b e c : M e rch ants N O 1 S t A n dr e ws , .
, .
,
“ ”
NO 2 N O 3 a n d S e l e ct N O 0 1 7 5 9—6 1
’
.
, S t P atrick s
.
, . Th e
, , .
, .

n e x t warran t e d was N o 4 S t P e t e r s M ontr e al i nst i t ut e d 1 7 6 1

.
, .
’

, , ,

an d laps e d ab ou t 1 792 T h e n e x t M ont r e al c h art e r was S t P aul s

. .
’

N O 1 0 an d O f dat e N ov e m b e r 8 1 7 70 w h ic h h ad an e x i st e n c e u p
.
, , ,

to 1 7 96 A m ong ot h e r l odg e s warrant e d was on e at V e rg e n n e s

.
,
“
Vt U S A . . n am e d D orc h e st e r an d of dat e M ay 5 1 791
.
, , , ,

grant e d by S i r J oh n J oh n son B art P rov G M an d st i l l i n e x ist , .

, . . .
,

e nc e as N O 1 V e rm on t
.
, .

I n 1 75 2 t h e sch i sm occu rr e d i n th e G ran d L odg e O f E ngl an d

wh i c h caus e d th e form at i o n O f a ri v a l G ran d L odg e u n d e r th e cog
“ ”
n om e n O f th e A n ci e n ts Th e ri val ry b e tw e e n th e s e t wo G ran d
.

”
Lodg e s w as at i ts h e igh t i n 1 7 91 w h e n “
P ri n c e E dward gran d , ,
1 93 6 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

O n M ay 2 0, 1 8 4 6 , th e P rov i nc i al G ran d L odg e

at M on t r e al was
r e vi v e d t o i n st a l l t h e H on P e t e r M c G il l as G ran d M ast e r I n 1 8 49
. .

t h e H o n P e t e r M c G il l r e sign e d h i s O ffi c e an d was succ e e d e d by t h e

.

H o n W i l l i a m B adgl e y u n t i l h i s d e c e as e i n 1 8 8 8
. .

”
In Qu e b e c th e H o n Cl au d e D é n é c h au d e c e as e d w a s suc
, .
, ,

c e e d e d by T h om as H ari ngt on E s q 1 8 5 2 an d h e i n t urn by J am e s

, .
, ,

D e an 1 8 5 7
, .

T h e P rov i n ci al G ran d Lodg e at Q u e b e c fi nally d issolvi ng i n 1 8 70 ,

”
t h e m e m b e rs j oi n e d th e t h e n n e w G ran d L odg e O f Qu e b e c T h at .

Of
“
M on tr e al an d W i ll i am H e n ry wi t h t hr ee lodg e s h ad n o act i v e
e xi st e nc e aft e r t h e form at i o n O f t h e G ran d Lodg e O f Canada an d .

i n th e l a t e r y e ars O f th e l at e J u dg e B adgl e y n e v e r m e t , .

A t h i rd p e ri od O f t hi rty y e ars h ad t h us e l aps e d w h e n i n O ct ob e r ,

1 8 5 5 t h e r e pr e s e n tat i v e s O f forty o n e l o dg e s i n C anada W e st

,
-
(n o w
O ntari o ) an d t h i rt e e n i n Canada E ast ( n ow Q u e b e c) m e t i n H am
“
i l ton an d form e d th e G ran d Lodg e O f Canada hol d i ng j u r is dic ,

t i on ov e r th e t wo P rov i n c e s .

F rom 1 8 5 5 t o 1 8 6 9 th e G ran d L odg e O f Can ada was th e c on

trol l i ng M ason i c pow e r i n t h e P rov i n c e of Q u e b e c b u t wi t h th e ,

b i rt h O f th e D o mi n ion ca m e al so th e agi tat i on for se parat e G ran d

Lodg e s S e v e ral m e e t i ngs w e r e h e l d a n d fi n ally o n th e 2 0 th O cto
.
, ,

b e r 1 8 6 9 t h e G ran d L o dg e O f Q u e b e c w as form e d by t w e n ty e igh t

, ,
-

O f th e W arran t e d L odg e s t h e n i n th e P rovi nc e wi t h M W B ro . . . .

J oh n H am il ton G rah am L L D as G ran d M ast e r , . .

, .

A n u m b e r O f th e l odg e s d i d n ot at on c e j oi n i n t h is m ov e m e n t ,

b ut grad ually w e r e ab sorb e d T h os e r e m ai n i ng u n d e r th e G ran d

.

Lodg e O f C anada (w h i c h G ran d Lodg e v igoro usly an d str e n uously

O p p os e d t h e form atio n O f th e n ew G ran d L odg e
”
) con t i n u e d u nt i l
S e pt e m b e r 2 3 1 8 74 w h e n , C anada
, w it h dr e w an d its l odg e s ,

a ffi l i at e d wit h Qu e b e c .

O n th e 2 7t h O f J an u ary 1 8 8 1 t h r e e l odg e s h ol di ng u n d e r war

, ,

r a n t s fro m S cotlan d al so a ffi l i at e d l e av i n g t h r e e cl ai m i ng al l e gi a n c e
,

to t h e G ran d Lodg e o f E nglan d .

1 90 6 T h e G ran d L odg e O f Q u e b e c h as n ow o n th e r O l l fi f ty
.

ig h t l odg e s an d a m e m b e rsh i p O f

Ca n a d a (i n On ta r i o) .

T he h i st ory O f th e C raft i n th e P rovi nc e of O ntari o h as b ee n

e x h aust i v e ly com pi l e d by M ost Wor B ro J oh n R O S S R ob e rtso n i n . .
 FR E E M A S O N R Y IN CA N A D A 1 93 7

h i s ad m i rabl e work T/ce H i s tor y of M a s on r y i n Ca n a da L odge

, .

N o 1 5 6 i n th e E ight h R e gi m e n t o f F oot app e ars t o hav e b e e n th e

.

fi rst l odge t o h ol d m e e t i ngs i n t hi s P rov i n c e at F ort N i agara ab ou t , ,

1 7 5 5 —8 0 F rom 1 7 8 0 to 1 792 so m e te n l odg e s ap p e ar to hav e

.

”
work e d i n wh at was cal l e d U pp e r Can ada S om e c h art e r e d by .

E ngl an d ot h e rs b y th e P rovi n cial G ran d L odg e at Q u e b e c am ong

, ,

t h e m S t J am e s i n th e K i ng s R ang e rs N O 1 4 at Catar aq u i ( K i ng
.
’

, .
,

ston ) 1 7 8 1 S t J oh n s N o 1 5 at M ic h i l i m ak in a c ( M i ch igan ) t h e n
, .
’

, .
, ,

part of Can ada ; S t J oh n s N O 1 9 at N iagara an d O sw e gatc h i e

.
’

, .
, ,

Lodg e 1 7 8 6 at E l i z ab e t h t ow n ( B rockv i l l e )
, , .

O n M arc h 7 1 7 92 B ro W i l l i am J arvi s w a s app oi nt e d P rov i n

, , .

c i a l G ran d M ast e r O f U p p e r Can ada b y t h e A n ci e nt or A t h ol

G ra n d Lodg e O f E nglan d B ro J a r vi s r e si d e d at N e wark ( N iag
. .

ara) th e t h e n cap i tal O f th e P rov i nc e D uri n g h i s G ran d M ast e r

, .

sh i p 1 792 t o 1 8 04 t w e nty warran ts for l odg e s w e r e i ssu e d f or

, ,

vari ou s p a r ts O f th e P rov i nc e .

I n 1 797 B ro J arvi s r e m ov e d from N e war k t o Y ork ( n ow T o

.

ron to ) w h e n th e cap i tal was t ran sf e rr e d t o th e l att e r p lac e

, .

T h e B r e t h r e n at N iagara c ont i nu e d t o b e act i v e an d e n t h usi ast i c ,

an d u rge d B ro J arvi s t o ass e m bl e G ran d L odge t h e re b u t h e r e
.
,

fu s e d T h i s r e fu sal cause d m uc h di ssati sfact i on an d th e B re t h r e n

.
,

O f N i agara D istri ct m e t i n 1 8 0
3 an d e l e ct e d B ro G e o F orsyt h as . .

P rovi ncial G ran d M ast e r an d t rou bl e an d fricti on e n su e d, .

I n 1 8 1 7 at K i ngston a G ran d C on v e nt i on w as c all e d b y t h e

, ,

L odg e s i n th e M i dl an d D istri ct un d e r R W B ro Zi b a M P h i ll i p s . . . . .

A ll th e l odg e s att e n d e d e xc e p t i ng t h os e i n th e N i agara D i stri ct .

T h i s con v e nt i on w as h e l d an n ually d uri ng th e y e ars 1 8 1 7, 1 8 1 8 ,

1 8 2 0, 1 82 1 , 1 82 2 .

Aft e r r e p e at e d e n tr e aty t o E nglan d d u ri ng t h e s e y e ars R W , .

Bro S i m on M c G ill iv r ay cam e t o Canada i n S e pt e m b e r 1 8 2 2 wi t h

.
, ,

aut hority from th e D uk e O f S usse x t o r e organ i z e th e Craft in

U pp e r Canada Th e S e con d P rov i nci al G ran d L odge w as t h us
.

form e d at Y ork i n 1 8 2 2 wi t h R W Bro S i m on M c G il l i v r ay as

, . . .

P rovi n cial G ran d M ast e r an d m e t r e gu l a rly u p t o 1 8 3 0 ; b ut th e

,

M organ e xcit e m e n t i n th e U n it e d S tat e s al so t ol d so m e what on th e

F rat e rn ity i n Can ada an d w h i l e a n u m b e r O f th e l o dg e s r e m ai n e d
,

act iv e th e P rov i n ci al G ran d L odg e b e cam e dorm an t a n d r e m ai n e d

,

so u n ti l 1 8 4 5 .

I n 1 8 4 5 M asoni c e n t h usi asm on c e m or e gai n e d th e asc e n d e ncy,

1 93 8 H IS TOR Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

an u rg e n t ap p e al was s e nt ou t an d a T h i rd P rov i n ci al G ra n d ,

Lodg e org a n i z e d i n H am i l ton wi t h Bro S ir A l lan M ac N a b .

C an a da W e st
“ "
P rovi n c i al G ran d M ast e r O f app oi nt e d by t h e ,

E ar l O f Z e tlan d T h is b ody was a n e n e rg e ti c on e an d con ti nu e d

.
,

work u nt il 1 8 5 8 .

I n 1 8 5 3 a n u m b e r O f t h e l odg e s h old i ng I rish W a r ran t s organ

’
i z e d a G ran d L odg e b u t i t w as n ot v e ry succ e ssful
, T h ey t h e n .

e n d e avor e d to s e c ur e th e c o op e rati on O f t h e P rov i nc ial G ran d

L odg e i n for m i ng a G ran d L odg e for Canada b ut t h e P rovi n cial ,

G ran d B ody d e cl i n e d B ut H om e R ul e a n d a s e l f gov e rn i ng b ody

.
-

for Canada w as th e i d e a up p e rm ost an d wou l d n ot down an d fi nal ly ,

o n O ctob e r 1 0 1 8 5 5 a con ve nt i on O f al l th e l odg e s i n th e two

, ,

P rovi n c e s was cal l e d at H am i lto n an d t h e G ran d L odg e O f C anada

w a s form e d F orty o n e l odg e s w e r e r e pr e s e n t e d tw e n ty e igh t i n
.
-
,
-

Canada W e st ( O n t ari o ) an d t hi rt e e n i n Can ada E ast ( Q u e b e c ) an d ,

M W Bro W i l li am M e rc e r W i lson was e l e ct e d G ran d M ast e r

. . . .

I n S e p t e m b e r 1 8 5 7 t h e P rovi n ci al G ran d L odg e u n d e r E n g

, ,

l an d m e t an d r e sol v e d i ts e l f i nt o an i n d e p e n d e n t G ran d L odg e

“
u n d e r th e n am e O f A n ci e n t G ran d L odg e O f C an ada b u t th e ,

n e x t y e ar i n J u ly 1 8 5 8 t h e y u n it e d wit h t h e G ran d L odg e O f

, ,

Canada .I n O ctob e r 1 8 6 9 th e m aj ority O f t h e lodg e s i n th e

, ,

P rovi nc e of Q u e b e c h e l d a c onv e nt i on an d d e ci d e d t o form a

G ran d L odg e for t h at P rovi nc e T h e G ran d L odg e of C an ada
.

str e n uously O p pos e d t h i s n e w body an d an e di ct O f susp e n si on cov e r ,

i ng al l th e l odg e s an d Br e t h r e n t ak i n g part was i ssu e d Th e G ran d .

L odg e of Q u e b e c h ow e v e r b e com i ng d uly r e cogn i z e d b y al l th e

, ,

l e adi ng G ran d Lodg e s O f th e w orl d th e G ran d Lodg e O f C anada , ,

i n 1 8 7 4 l ik e wi s e d e ci d e d to d o th e sam e an d wi t h dr e w from th e
,

P rovi nc e al l th e l odg e s O f h e r O b e di e n c e j oi n i ng t h e Q u e b e c G rand

Body I n 1 8 7 5 a sc h i sm occ u rr e d an d a n u m b e r O f B re t h r e n o r
.

“
g an iz e d a G ra n d L odg e O f O n tari o T h i s b r e ach was fi nally .

h e al e d an d th e B r e t hr e n an d l odg e s b e cam e O f all e gian c e t o th e

G ran d L odg e O f Can ada i n 1 8 96 .

“
I n 1 8 8 6 th e words i n t h e P rov i nc e O f O ntar i o w e r e add e d
“ "
to th e ti tl e O f th e G ran d L odg e O f Canada owi ng t o th e r e p r e ,

s e n tatio n s O f ot h e r G ran d L odg e s t hat t h e t itl e d i d n ot r e pr e s e n t

th e j u ri sdi cti on O f t h at G ran d B ody .

1 90 6 T h e G ran d L odg e O f C anada h as n ow 3 95 l odg e s an d a

.

m e m b e rsh i p O f
1 949 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y
” “
R u p e rt ,
“
L n ar an d A n ci e n t La n d m ark h e l d a con v e n t i o n ,

“
a n d form e d t h e G ran d L odg e of M an i toba e l e ct i ng M W Bro , . . .

th e R e v D r W C Clark e as G ran d M ast e r

. . . . U n fort unat e ly h e r e .

m ov e d fro m th e P rov i n c e b e for e h i s y e ar of O ffi c e e x p i r e d .

I n 1 8 7 8 th e qu e sti o n of R i tu al cr e a t e d con si d e rab l e trou b l e an d ,

a n u m b e r O f th e B r e t h r e n e n d e avor e d t o form an ot h e r G ran d

L odg e b ut h app i l y p e ac e was r e st or e d th e foll owi ng y e ar
, .

O n th e 2 8 th J u ly 1 8 8 1 a W arr a n t w as ord e r e d i ssu e d to A l

, ,
“

”
M og h r e b A l A sku N O 1 8 t o b e O p e n e d at G i b ral tar b u t prot e sts
, .
, ,

fro m th e G ran d Lodg e s O f S cot lan d an d E nglan d foll owi ng i t was ,

sh ortly aft e rward tran sfe rr e d t o T angi e rs i n M orocco .

T h i s G ran d Lodg e h e l d j uri sdi cti on ov e r th e N ort h w e st T e r

r it o r ie s a n d t h e Y uk on T e rr i t ory as w e l l as M an i tob a u n t i l 1 90 5 ,

wh e n th e P rovi n c e s of A l b e rt a an d S askatch e wan w e r e form e d fol ,

l ow e d by th e organ i z at i o n O f G ran d L odg e s for t h e se two n e w d iV i

si on s u pon wh i c h th e G ran d Lodge O f M an i t ob a wit h dr e w
,

1 90 6 G ran d Lodg e O f M an it oba h as n ow e igh ty chart e r e d

.

l odge s an d si x U D w it h a m e m b e rsh i p O f
. .
,

P r i n ce E d w a r d I s l a n d .

P r e v i oust o N ov e m b e r 1 7 98 P ri nc e E dward I slan d was call e d

, ,

St . J oh ns I slan d th e n am e b e i ng c hang e d by I m p e ri al A c t on t h at
,

dat e .

’
On th e 9th O ct ob e r , J oh n s L odg e n ow N O 1 on th e
1 7 97 , S t , .

R e gi st ry O f t h a t P rovi nc e was e sta bl ish e d by W arr an t at C h arl ott e

,

tow n by th e G ran d L odg e of E nglan d Th e t h e n L i e ut e n an t G O V .

-

c ruor G e n e ral E dward F an n i ng was on e O f th e C hart e r m e m b e rs

, , .

I n 1 8 5 7 V i ct ori a L odg e at C h arl ot t e t ow n w as ch art e r e d by S cot

lan d I n 1 8 7 5 t h e r e w e r e s e v e n l odg e s i n t h i s P rovi nc e work i n g
.

u n d e r E ngl ish Warran ts V iz S t J oh n s K i ng H i ram S t G e org e

, .
, .
’

, , .
,

A l e x an dra M oun t Le b an on ,
, an d T ru e B rot h e rs an d on e u n d e r th e ,
“
S cotti sh R e gist e r V i ct oria
, .

O n th e 2 3 d day O f J u n e 1 8 7 5 t h e s e e igh t l odg e s m e t an d, ,

form e d th e G ran d Lodg e O f P ri n c e E dward I sl a n d T h e H o n . .

J oh n Y e O w a s e l e ct e d G ran d M ast e r an d was i nstal l e d t oge t h e r ,

wi t h h is O ffi c e rs th e foll owi ng day by M W or Bro J oh n V E l l i s

, . . . . .

G r a n d M ast e r O f N ew B ru n swick .

1 06
9 T h e r e ar e fourt e e n l odg e s wit h a m e m b e rsh i p O f 6 3 5 o n
.
,

t h e rol l .
 FR E E M A S O N R Y IN CA N A D A 1 94 1

A l ée r ta .

P r e v i ous to O ct ob e r , 1 90 5 , th e l odge s i n th e N ort h w e st

”
T e rri t ori e s Of C an ada we re u n d e r th e j uri sdi ct i on O f t h e G ran d

L odg e Of M an i tob a .

Th e polit i cal c h ang e s wh ic h cul m i n at e d i n t h e divi si on O f t h e s e

” ”
“
T e rri t ori e s i n t o th e P rovi n c e s of A l b e rta an d S ask at c h e wan
on th e I st O f S e pt e m b e r 1 90 5 b rough t forward th e qu e st i o n O f
, ,

P rov i nci al A ut on omy for th e Craft ; accordi ngly M e di c in e H at

L odg e N O 3 1 t ook th e i ni ti at i v e an d r e q u e st e d th e S e n i or L odg e
, .
,

i n th e P rovi n c e B ow R iv e r L odg e N O 2 8 t o cal l a con v e n ti on

, , .
,

at C algary T h i s c on v e nt i on was h e l d o n th e 2 5 th d ay O f M ay,

.

1 90 5 ,
an d arr a n g e m e n ts w e r e m a d e for a form al m e e ti ng o n th e
1 2 t h day O f O ct ob e r 1 90 5 S e v e n t e e n l odg e s ou t O f e igh t e e n i n
, .

th e j uri sdi ct i on w e r e r e pr e s e nt e d by s e v e n ty n i n e d e l e gat e s an d th e -

,
”
G ran d L odge O f A l b e rta was du ly form e d wi t h M W B ro D r , . . . .

G e org e M ac D o n al d e l e ct e d as G ran d M ast e r T h e M ost W or t h e . .

G ran d M ast e r O f M an i t oba M W B ro W G S cott w a s pr e s e n t,

. . . . .
,

at t h i s con v e n t i on an d i n stal l e d th e O ffic e rs .

1 90 6 T w e n ty l odge s wi t h a m e m b e rsh i p O f
,

S a s é a tc/cew a n .

The B r e t h re n O f t h e P rov i n c e O f S askatc h e wan ass e m b l e d at

R e gi na on th e 1 0 th day O f A ugust 1 90 6 an d form al ly r e sol v e d , ,

“ ”
t h e ms e l v e s i n t o th e G ran d L odg e O f S askatch e wan T w e n ty .

fi v e l odg e s out of tw e n ty e igh t l ocat e d i n th e P rovi nc e w e r e r e p r e

-

s e nt e d . M W Bro H . H Cam p k in w as e l e ct e d G ran d M ast e r

. . . .

an d was i nstall e d by M W Bro M c K e n z ie G ran d M ast e r O f

. . .
,

M an i t oba .

N ew f ou n d l a n d .

The A nci e n t C ol ony O f N e wfou n dl an d st i ll r e m ai n s w i t h out th e

C on f e d e rat i on O f t h e C an adi an P rovi n c e s .

M ason ry i n t h i s i slan d dat e s back t o 1 7 4 6 t h e first W arrant ,

b e i ng grant e d by th e P rov i nci a l G r a n d L odg e at B oston B ro . .

J L an e s li st gi v e s si x l odg e s warran t e d i n th e e igh t e e n t h c e n tu ry

’
. .

T h e G ran d L odg e O f th e A n c i e nt s ( E ngl an d ) i s cr e d i t e d wi t h .

four— o n e i n 1 7 74 an d t h r e e i n 1 7 8 8 — an d th e G ran d Lodg e O f

E nglan d ( M od e m s) wi t h tw o— on e e ach i n 1 7 8 4 an d 1 7 8 5 N ine .

ot h e rs w e r e ch a rt e r e d b y th e pr e s e n t G ran d L odg e O f E nglan d u p

to 1 8 8 1 a n u m b e r sti ll r e mai n i ng acti v e
, .
 CH A P TE R I I

M E X I CO

E l e arn fro m s e v e ral wri t e rs t h at abou t th e y e a r

1 8 1 0 C i v i l an d M i l i ta r y O lTl CCI S O f t h e M on
‘

arc hy i n troduc e d th e S cotti sh R i t e i n to

M e x i co — t h e n t h e p ri n ci pal col on y of S pai n .

T h e G ran d L odg e of L ouisi ana aft e r th i s

e r e ct e d l odg e s i n 1 8 1 6 an d 1 8 1 7 r e sp e ct i v e ly
, ,

at V e ra C ru z an d C am p e ac hy T h e G ran d .

Lodg e O f P e n nsyl van i a also e stab l i sh e d a l odge i n 1 8 2 4 at A l vara

do ; su bs e q u e ntly confusi on en su e d M ason ry an d p ol iti cs b e i ng so
,

clos e ly i n t e rwov e n t h at any att e m p t at s e parat e tre atm e n t 1 8 q u i t e

h op e l e ss
.

T h e E s coces es an d th e Y or ki n os di v i d e d th e c ou n try i n to two

facti on s m od e rat e m e asu r e s b e i ng i n favor wi th th e form e r u n d e r a
,

consti tuti o nal m onarc hy a n d r e p u bl i can i n sti tu ti o ns b e i ng advocat e d

,
”
by th e l att e r wi t h th e e x p ul si on of th e O l d or nat i v e S pan i ards .

”
A m ong th e E sc oc e s e s or , S cots M ason s w e r e p e rso ns h avi ng
,

ti tl e s O f n ob il i ty ; al l th e Cat h ol i c cl e rgy ; m any m i l i ta ry O fli c e r s ;

an d all cl ass e s O f nati v e S pan iards .

T h e r e pu bl i cans ap pr e ci ati ng th e p rogr e ss O f t h e ir O p pon e n ts ,

r e sol v e d t o figh t t h e d e vi l wi t h h i s own fi r e an d t h e r e up on a

,

r e vi val facti o n was organ i z e d wi t h t h e t i tl e of Y o r ki n os wh os e ,

m e m b e rs w e r e t h ough t t o b e of th e Y ork R it e M ack e y i s aut h or

.

i ty for th e stat e m e n t t h at th e G ran d Lodg e O f N e w Y ork e sta b .

l is h e d t hr e e l odg e s i n th e ci ty of M e x i co i n 1 8 2 5 .

T h e s e l odg e s w e r e form e d i nt o a G ran d L odg e O f t h e Y ork

R i t e by M r J oe ]R P oi n s e tt (A m e ri ca n M i n i st e r ) a form e r G M
. .
, . .

of S ou t h Carol i n a T h e r e i s n o r e cord t h a t si n c e t h e y e ar 1 8 1 5 any

.

fo r e ign l odg e s h av e b e e n warrant e d by th e G ran d Lo dge O f N e w

Y ork . B ut h ow e v e r e stabli sh e d th e s o cal l e d Y ork R i t e or i n
,
-
, ,

ot h e r word s pu r e E ngl i sh M ason ry fl ou rish e d a n d t oward t h e e n d

, , ,

O f 1 8 2 6 t h e r e w e r e tw e n ty fi v e l odg e s wi t h a m e m b e rsh i p O f ab ou t
-
,

I Q4 2
1 944 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

Th e N ati on al M e x i can R i t e con si st e d O f n i n e d e gr e e s wh i c h , ,

o mi tt i n g th e fi rst t h r ee w e re A p prov e d M ast e r ( e qual t o t h e

,

K n igh t O f t h e S e cr e t (e qual t o th e
K n igh t of th e M e x ican E agl e ; P e rf e c t A rc h i
t ee t or T e m plar ; G ran d J u dg e an d G ran d I n sp e ctor G e n ,
»

e ral. A l l of t h e s e d egr e e s h ad t h e i r e qu i val e n ts i n t h e g rad e s of

th e A an d A S R 3 3
. . W i t h th e S t J o h n s (or pur e ly Craft )
. . .
‘
.
’ ’

d egre e s c e rtai n S p e ci al signs w e r e associ at e d wh ic h h ow e v e r w e r e , , ,

not r e qui r e d fro m for e ign e rs u nl e ss th e y h ad act e d as au x i l i ari e s i n

any O f th e p arty c on t e sts .

“
A G ran d O ri e nt com pos e d O f m e m b e rs O f th e
, was su p r e m e
i n matt e rs O f dogm a or ri tual T h e r e was al so an a dm i n i strat i v e .

b ody or N ati on al G ran d L odge w h os e m e m b e rs w e r e e l e cti v e an d ,

m e t i n t h e m e trop ol is T h e P rov i n ci al G ran d L odg e s h ad t h e i r

. .

’
s e ats i n th e S tat e capi tal s an d w e re for m e d by th e t h re e l igh ts,
‘

of at l e ast fi v e S t J oh n s l odg e s . .

B ut al th ough st il l pr e s e rv i ng a n om i n al e x i st e n c e th e s e v e ral ,

G ran d Bodi e s o wing t o pol i ti cal conv ul si on s w e r e vi rtual ly do r

, ,

m ant for m an y y e ars aft e r 1 8 3 3 A l odg e — S t J e an d U l l oa— was . .

’

constit ut e d a t V e ra C ru z by th e S u p r e m e C ou n ci l O f F ranc e i n
, ,

1 8 4 3 ; an d anot h e r — L es E cossai s d e s D e u x M o n d e s — at t h e C ity

of M e x i co by th e G ran d O ri e n t O f th e sam e cou ntry i n 1 8 4 5

, , .

T h e N ati on al M e x ican R it e ap p e ars to hav e so m e wh at r e c ov

e r e d fro m i ts t orpor i n 1 8 6 3 A t th at dat e w e fi n d i n th e M e trop ol i s
.

a N at io nal G ran d L odg e wi t h si x work i ng l odg e s t h ough of th e se ,

o n e — b e l ongi ng t o th e A an d A S R —w as c on st i tut e d by th e
. . . .

G ran d L odg e O f N e w G ran ad a a n d con sist e d c h i e fl y of for e ign e rs ,

i n T ol uca a P rov G ran d L odg e w i t h fi ve l odg e s i n V e ra C ru z an d

.

1
G uadal aj ara two l odg e s e ac h an d i n fi ve ot h e r ci ti e s si ngl e l odg e s .

“
I n th e y e ar 1 8 5 8 or accordi ng to th e O ffi c ial r e p ort ,

B ro Lafon d e L ad e b at w e n t t o M e xi c o wi t h aut hori ty from B ro

.
, .

A l b e rt P i k e ( of W ash i ngt on D C ) to organ i z e an d e stab l i sh , . .

M ason ry on a sou n d basi s i n t h at c ou nt ry ”

H ow e v e r Bro L ad e .
, .

bat di d n ot orga ni z e a G ran d L odg e O f S y m b ol i c M ason ry fi rst as ,

i n struct e d b u t con sti tut e d th e S up r e m e C ou n ci l w it h j uri sdic ti on

,

ov e r th e t h r e e d e gr e e s of E A F C an d M M . .
, . .
, . .

T h e G r a n d L odg e O f Y o r k i n os c e as e d t o e x i st an d th e S cots ,

1
G ould , vol vi
. .
2
P roc e e d i ngs
o f th e G r a n d Lodg e o f Loui s i a n a , 1 8 84
3
T his e n ti r e l y i n op posi tion to Broth e r P i k e s w i sh e s
’
wa s .
 FR E E M A S O N R Y IN ME X I CO 1 94 5

R i t e, di v e st e d O f al l pol i tic al col ori ng e r e ct e d — D e c e m b e r 2 7 1 8 6 5

, ,

— a S u pr e m e C oun cil t h is b e i ng don e aft e r t h e ov e rt hrow O f

th e M ax i m il ian E m p i r e T h i s S u pr e m e C oun ci l an d t h e S up r e m e
.

Cou nci l O f 1 8 5 8— 5 9 w e r e j oi n e d i n 1 8 6 8 a n d b ot h w e r e fu s e d w i t h
t h e N ati onal G ran d Lodg e th e P r e si d e nt o f t h e R e p u b l ic B e ni t o
, ,

J uar e z b e i ng o n e O f th e h igh e st O fficials H ow e v e r t h is un ion was

, .
,

m or e of a fri e n dly pact t h an O f a t h orough n at ur e as e ac h ri t e was ,

i n d e p e n d e nt O f th e oth e r wi t h r e gard t o i ts own ri tual an d i nt e rnal

gov e rn m e n t T h e N ati on al R i t e n u m b e r e d t h i rty two an d th e A
.
-
, .

an d A . S R tw e nty four l odg e s i n 1 8 70

. .
-
, .

“
I t woul d s e e m as i f th e au t hority O f J uar e z alon e h e l d t h e s e
ri t e s tog e t h e r si nc e at h i s d e ath i n 1 8 7 2 — al t h ough h e was suc
,

c ee d e d as P r e si d e n t by h is c h i e f fol l ow e r S e basti a n Le rdo d e T e j e ,

da al so a p rom i n e n t F r e e maso n — di ss e n si on s aros e a n d t h e y f e l l

, ,

asun d e r A l fr e do C hav e ro b e com i ng G M O f th e G ran d O ri e n t

,
. .
,

an d J os e M ari a M at e os O f the N ati onal G ran d L odg e I n 1 8 7 6 a .

L odg e O f G e rma ns l e ft th e G O a n d j oi n e d th e N ati on al G ran d

. .

L odg e b ut i n t h e foll owi ng y e ar wi t h th e cons e n t of th e latt e r

, , ,

a ffi l iat e d wi th th e G ran d L odg e O f H am b u rg— u n d e r wh i c h b o dy

"
t h e r e i s al so ( 1 8 8 6 ) an ot h e r lodg e at work i n V e ra Cru z 1
.

A bout 1 8 8 2 th e two rit e s prob ably s e e m to hav e b ee n agai n

u n i t e d t houg h i n for m at ion i s so m e ag e r t h at t h is i s n ot d e fi n it e
, .

H ow e v e r i t i s qu i t e p ossi bl e t hat th e N at i on al M e x i can R i t e con

,

ti n u e d t o e x ist t h ough i ts proc ee di ngs a r e n ot r e cord e d A s far as .

th e r e i s any e vi d e n c e i t app e ars t h at G ra n d L odg e s w e r e organ i z e d

,

by th e l odg e s w h ic h w e r e u n d e r th e j urisdicti on of th e S up r e m e
?
C ou nc i l A t th e capi tal a Ce n tral G ran d L odg e was form e d hav ,

i ng j uri sdicti on ov e r th e su b ordi nat e l odg e s an d t h e r e was v e ry l i t ,

tl e i nt e rf e r e n c e up on t h e su b j e ct O f S y m b ol is m e x c e pt by t h e Ce n
t ral G ran d L odge t h ough th e S upr e m e Coun ci l d i d n ot form al ly
,

W ai v e i ts aut hori ty t h e r e ov e r .

“
I n 1 8 8 3 t h e r e w e r e th e fol l owi ng S tat e G ran d L odg e s V e ra
C ru z an d J al isc o e ac h wit h s e v e n l odg e s ; P u e bl a Y u c atan an d
, , ,

G uan aj uato wi t h si x ; an d M or e los an d T l axcal a wi th fi ve ; t h us

, ,

m ak i ng a total O f s e v e n G ran d an d forty two su b ord i n at e l odg e s -

,

e x cl usi v e O f th e C e n tral G ran d L odg e an d th e m e t ropol i tan l od g e s .

I t wil l b e s ee n t h at at t h is p e ri od t h e r e e x ist e d at V e ra C ru z a

1
G oul d , vol v i
. .
2 R e c om m e n d e d by G e n e r a l P ik e .
1 946 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

S t a t e G ran d Lodg e , b ut from th e fact th at i t w as su b ord in a t e to th e

Ce n tral G r a n d L odg e i t w a s n ot d e e m e d by th e G ran d L odg e O f
,

C ol on to e x e rci s e l e gi ti mat e aut h o ri ty ov e r S ym bol ism i n t h at

S t at e . I n d e e d th e wh ol e of M e x i co was r e gard e d by t h e l ast
,
’

n a m e d body as u nocc up i e d t e rri tory an d i t t h e re for e p roc e e d e d

‘
,

to c hart e r t hr e e l odg e s wh ic h i n J an uary 1 8 8 3 form e d t h e m s e l v e s

, , , ,

at th e C i ty of V e ra C ru z i n to t h e M e x ican I n d e p e n d e nt S y m
,
‘

b o l ic G ran d L odg e .

“
T w o O f t h e l odg e s tak i ng p art i n t h i s m ov e m e n t h ad origi n ally
h e l d M e x ican warran ts b ut h avi ng q u a rr e l e d wi th t h e i r sup e ri ors
, ,

sol i ci t e d an d O btai n e d c h a rt e rs from th e G L O f Col on ( n ow C ol on . .

a n d C u ba ) sh ortly aft e r wh i c h th e t h i rd l odge was form e d an d

, ,

t h e n fi nal ly t h e G ran d L odg e al t h ough th e S u p r e m e C ou n c i l of

, , ,

M e x ico h ad form e rly prot e st e d a a i n s t th e i n vasi on of its t e rri tory g .

I n d e e d th e st e p t h us tak e n by t h e i r for m e r su p e ri ors app e ars rat h e r

to h av e acc e l e rat e d th e act i on of th e t h r e e l odg e s a s i n th e r e c ord ,

O f t h e ir proc e e d i ngs i t i s stat e d th at t h e y h ast e n t o con sti tut e ‘

,

t h e m s e l v e s i n to an I n d e p e n d e n t G ran d L odg e p e n di ng th e p rot e st ,

of the S u p r e m e C oun ci l O f M e x i c o t o r e li e v e th e i r fri e n d an d ,

m oth e r th e G ra n d L odg e O f C ol on from any furth e r u n pl e asan t

, ,

com pl icati on s .
’

-
“
T h e S u pr e m e C oun ci l O f M e x i co i n a B al u str e n u m b e r e d ,

X XX an d dat e d A p ri l 2 5 1 8 8 3 r e n ou n c e d i t s j u ri sdi ct i on ov e r t h e
, , ,

s y m b ol ical d e gr e e s an d p rom ulgat e d a vari e ty of r e lat i on s wi t h r e

,

gard t o G ran d an d su b ordi nat e l odg e s T h i s t h r e w th e C raft i n t o .

th e ut m ost con fusi on an d m igh t h av e e n d e d i n t h e d e stru cti on O f th e

,

gr e at e r n u m b e r of M e x i ca n l odge s or at l e ast i n th e e stab li sh m e nt ,

O f som e h al f do z e n G ran d B odi e s al l cl ai m i ng supr e m acy ha d i t n ot

, ,

b e e n for th e sk i l l a n d ad dre ss O f Car l os P ac h e co w h o succ e e d e d ,

A l fr e d o C h av e ro as S O V G Co m . . .

“
T h e form e r B al ustr e was r e vok e d a n d by a n e w o n e ( X X X I ,

d a t e d M ay 2 7 1 8 8 3 t h e S upr e m e C ou n ci l r e n ou nc e d i n favo r O f
, , ,

th e S t a t e G ran d L odg e s t h e n e x i sti ng or w hi c h m ight a ft e rw a rd b e

form e d t h e j uri sdi cti on ov e r S y m bol ism con f e rr e d u p on i t by t h e

,

C on sti tu ti ons O f th e A an d A S R . T h e tran sm i ssi on O f p ow

. . .

e r s was t o tak e e fl e c t from J u n e 2 th th e m e nsu i ng

4 T h e l odg e s .

h a vi ng n o G rand Lo dg e w e re to r e mai n u n d e r th e j u risdi cti on of

th e G ran d L odg e n e ar e st t o t h e m o r th e O ld e st i f t w o w e r e e qu i ,

dist a n t u n ti l t h ey organi z e d t h e i r O wn i n accordan c e w it h M ason ic

,
1 948 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

E x tr a ct f omr P r oceed i ng s f
o Gr an d L odg e o f I ow a .

R e port on F or e ign Corr e sp on d e n c e , T h e o . S . P a rv i n , Ch ai rm an ,

1 8 96 .

The y e ar 1 8 90 op e n s b e for e u s th e n e w an d pr e s e n t e r a O f ,

M e x ican M ason ry Th e fu nct io ns of t h e S up r e m e C ou nci l b e i ng

.

l i m i t e d an d c on fi n e d to th e l e git i m at e S cotti sh R i t e d egr ee s 4th

an d 3 3 d i ncl u si v e wi t h n o organ i z e d j uri sdicti ons of M ason ry of
, ,

t h e sym b ol i c d e gr e e s e x c e p t th e G ran d L odg e s o f t h e S tat e of V e ra

C ru z an d th e F e d e ral D i stri ct ( ci ty of M e x i co ) b ot h of wh ic h had ,

b e e n r e cogni z e d by th e G ran d L odg e of I owa as w e l l as m any ot h e r

G ran d L odg e s t h e L odg e s t o t h e n u m b e r of o n e h u ndr e d an d
, ,

tw e n ty two of th e o n e h u n dr e d an d tw e n ty fi v e m e t i n co nv e n t i on
- -
, ,

an d aft e r a s e ssi on o f te n days o n t h e 2 0 th of J uly 1 8 90 u n an i , , ,

m ou s l y c r e at e d an d organ i z e d a n e w a n d gov e rn i ng b od y of M ason ry ,

styl e d T h e G ran D i e ta S y m b ol ic a or th e G ran d D i e t of S y m b ol ic

‘ ’

M ason ry for t h e R e p u bl i c o f M e x i co I t e l e ct e d for i ts G ran d.

M ast e r an d wh o h as S i nc e by an n ual r e e l e ct ion b e e n conti nu e d i n

,
-

O ffi c e B ro P o r fi r i o D i a z t h e d isti ngu i sh e d an d i l l ustri ous P r e si d e n t

, .
,

of t h e R e p u bl i c ; an d for i ts G ran d S e cr e tary an oth e r d i sti ngu i sh e d

c i ti z e n an d M ason E r m i l o G Ca nt on t h e C l e rk of t h e S u pr e m e
, .
,

C ourt of th e U n i t e d S tat e s of M e x i co wh o also by an n ual r e , ,

e l e cti on sti l l c on ti n u e s i n O ffi c e
, .

T h e G ran D i e ta p rom ulgat e d a C on sti t uti on of forty s e v e n -

p a e s consisti ng of e l e v e n t itl e s an d o n e h u n dr e d a n d forty fi v e

g
,
-

arti cl e s T h e t hr e e s e cti on s of t h i s C onsti t uti on r e lat ing to M a

.

son ic pow e r an d aut hori ty r e ad as fol l ows (w e gi v e th e t rans

,

l ati o n )
A R T I CLE 3 0 T h e p ow e rs of S ym b oli c M ason r y i n t h i s R e
‘
.

p u b l i c ar e co nsti tut e d i n th e gov e rni ng G ran d L odg e wh i c h go e s ,

“
by th e n am e o f t h e G ran d S ym b olic D i e t of th e U n i t e d S tat e s of
”
M e x i co wh os e du ty i t sh al l b e t o wat ch ov e r th e w e l far e ab sol ut e
, ,

l i b e rty an d i n d e p e n d e n c e of th e t h r e e bl u e d e gr e e s or S ym bol i c ,

Lodg e s u n d e r th e G ran d L o d g e s o f t h e d i ff e r e n t S tat e s

’

, .

“ ‘
A R T 3 1 T h e S ov e r e ign M ason ic P ow e r r e si d e s e ss e n t ially
. .

an d origi n a l ly i n t h e gr e at body O f M ason s w h o d e p osi t t h e ir ,

o b e di e n c e for i ts e x e rc i s e i n th e G r a n d D i e t .
’

“ ‘
A RT 3 2 .T h e S u pr e m e A uth ority of S y m bol i c M asonry
.
 FR E E M A S O N R Y IN ME X I CO 1 949

S h al l h av e the ti tl e G ran d S ym b ol ic D i e t of th e U n i t e d S tat e s of

.
‘

’
M e x i co .

A ll of th e G ran d Lodg e s sav e t hr e e — t hat of t h e S tat e of V e ra

Cru z t h e F e d e r a l D istrict an d on e ot h e r — tog e t h e r wi t h t h e s u Lo r
, ,

d i mat e L odg e s t h a t had not parti ci pat e d i n i ts org a n i z ati on tran s ,

f e rre d t h e i r al l egia nc e to th e G ran D i e ta T h e s e const itu e nt L odg e s .

n ow n um b e r ab out two h u n d r e d and t h e m e m b e rsh i p e x c e e ds te n

,

t h ousan d ; th e r e port e r for t h e G ran d L odg e of T e x as m a k e s th e

form e r two h u n dr e d an d fi fty an d th e l att e r tw e n ty t h ousan d — t oo
,

h igh I t hi n k — among wh om I fou n d d uri ng my vi si t w e r e e n rol l e d

, , ,

am ong i ts m e m b e rs n ot on ly th e P r e si d e n t O f th e R e pu bl ic b ut th e ,

G ov e rn ors of al l th e p ri nc i pal S tat e s ( s o m e s i x te e n of w h ic h I o

V i si t e d
) t h e M ayors o f t h e ci ti e s an d t h e J udg e s of t h e S up r e m e
, ,

C ourt T h e G ra n D i e ta is t h e r e for e a sov e r e ign an d i n d e p e n d e nt

.
, ,

b ody organ i z e d aft e r th e man n e r of th e G ran d M ason ic B od i e s of

,

t h e U n i t e d S tat e s I t an d i t a l on e e x e rcis e s su pr e m e aut hori ty an d

.
, ,
’
con trol ov e r t h e t h r ee sym b ol ic d e gr e e s of m aso n ry i n M e x ic o
‘
.

“
T h e c onst itu e n t e l e m e nts i n t h e G ran D i e t a of G ran d an d
S ubord i nat e L odg e s a n d i n th e m e m b e rsh i p consist s of M ason s
b ot h of th e Y ork an d S cotti sh R it e W e hav e l e arn e d from th e .

ge n e ral h i story pr e se nt e d t hat t h e r e was at o n e ti m e som e tw e n ty

,

Lodg e s wit h a m e m b e rsh i p O f n e ar e ight h u n dr e d th at ha d o h

, ,

ta i n e d t h e i r c hart e rs from G ran d L odg e s i n th e U ni t e d S tat e s a n d ,

t h at th e O l d Y ork e l e m e n t h as e x i st e d i n M e x ic o e v e r si n c e an d , ,

l i k e th e l eav e n of ol d wil l y e t u n d e r fost e ri ng car e m or e an d m ore

,

e ac h y e ar p e rm e at e th e syst e m of M asonry n ow e stabl i sh e d u pon a

n e w basis Th e ritual h ow ev e r us e d i n a m aj ori ty of th e s e Lodg e s

.
, ,

an d G ran d Lodg e s i s t hat of th e t hr ee d e gr e e s of th e S cotti sh R i t e

a s p ract ic e d i n L od ge s cr e at e d by th e S u pr e m e C ou nc i l th e e x c e p ,

t i on s b e i ng th e Lodg e s com p os e d e x cl usi v e ly or pri nci pally of

A m e ri can ci ti z e n s r e si d e n t i n th e vari ous ci ti e s O f t h e R e p u bl i c i n ,

wh i c h th e A m e rican ri tual is u se d T h e r e ar e n ow som e h al f doze n

.

s o call e d A m e ri ca n L odg e s — t h a t i s L odg e s com p os e d of A m e ri can

-
,

cit i z e ns r e si d e n t i n M e x i co an d oth e r ci ti e s of th e R e p ubli c T h e se .

Lodg e s al l h ol d th e i r c h art e rs from th e G ran d D i e ta wh ic h i s an d ,

m ust c on ti n u e to b e th e only gov e rn i ng b ody of S y m b ol i c M ason ry

i n M e x i co T h e last e ffort of th e G ran d Lodg e s i n th e U n it e d
.

S tat e s to e stab li sh a Lodg e i n M e x i co was t h at O f t h e G ran d L odg e ,

of M i ssou ri w h ic h c h art e r e d T olt e c L odge som e te n or m or e y e ars

1 95 0 H ISTO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

ago b ut wh ic h u pon th e organi z at i on of G ra n D i e ta s u rr e n d e r e d

, , ,

its c h art e r an d took out o n e from th e G ran D i e ta u n d e r wh ic h i t ,

n ow works .

T h e r e ar e t h ousan ds of A m e rican ci ti z e n s h u n d r e ds of t h e m
,

b e i ng M asons r e si di ng i n t h e vario us c i t i e s i n M e x i c o m any of

, ,

w h o m a r e a ffi l iat e d wi t h th e s o cal l e d A m e ri can Lodg e s wh i l e

-
,

O t h e rs y e t h ol d m e m b e rsh i p i n th e M e x i can L odg e s a n d t h i s n u m ,

b e r i s i n c r e asing e ac h y e ar .

U po n t h e orga n i z ati on of t h e G ran D i e ta i t m ad e n o sp e c i al

c fl o r t to s e cu r e r e cogn i t i on of A m e ri ca n G ran d Lodg e s an d i t w a s ,

som e two or t h re e y e ars lat e r t hat th e G ran d Lodg e s of T e x as an d

N e w Y ork r e cogni z e d i t as t h e y d o st i l l an d t h e n th e su bj e c t of its
, ,

r e c ogn i ti on was pr e s e n t e d t o ot h e r G ra n d L odg e s wh i c h d e f e rr e d

,

act i on for furt h e r i n form ati on as i t h ad b e e n c u rr e ntly r e port e d

, ,

e sp e ci al l y t hrough a pu bl i c ati on i ssu e d by a n A m e ri can r e sid e nt of

t h e ci ty of M e x i co t hat th e G ran D i e ta by i ts con sti tut io n auth or

,

iz e d t h e m aki ng of wom e n M asons an d p roh i bi t e d th e u se of th e

,

G r e at L igh t i n t h e i r l odg e s T h e s e stat e m e n t s I h ad h e ard an d r e a d

.

wh i l e I was y e t wri ti ng t h e R e ports on C orre spon d e n c e for th i s

G rand L odg e an d so d e cl i n ed t o p r e s e n t t h e su bj e ct of r e cogn i ti on
,

O f t h e G ran D i e ta to t h e G rand Lo dg e o f I owa u n ti l I c oul d sati sfy

m ys e l f m or e f u l ly i n r e l ati o n t o t h e s e ru m ors d e v e l opi ng i n to p u b

l i s h e d stat e m e n ts I e xa m i n e d th e C on sti t uti on of th e G ran D i e ta
.
,

t o w h ic h I h av e r e f e rr e d an d c oul d fi n d n owh e r e wit h i n i t any p ro

,

v i si on p roh i bi ti ng th e u s e o f th e G r e at L igh t i n t h e i r Lodge s or ,

aut h ori z i ng t h e m ak i ng o f wo m e n M ason s ; th e C on sti tuti on i s e n ~

t i r e l y si l e n t u pon b ot h su bj e ct s D uri ng m y V i si t t o th e R e p u bl i c
.

of M e x i c o i n Fe bruary a n d M arch of 1 8 95 I h ad an O p p ortu n i ty t o ,

sat i sfy mys e l f u p on t h e s e su bj e cts I fou n d t h at th e G ran D i e ta

.

di d n ot by any l aw m uc h l e ss con st i tut i o n al p rovi si on p roh i bi t or

, , ,

e x cl u d e t h e G r e at L igh t fro m i ts al tars — i t d i d an d d o e s p e rm i t i ts

u s e ; i t do e s h ow e v e r r e q ui r e by law t h e u s e of t h e B ook of C on
, ,

s ti t u ti o n s u p on i ts al tars I fou n d d uri ng my V i si t to L odg e s an d

.

G ran d L odg e s i n som e an d e sp e c i al ly al l of th e A m e rican L odg e s

, ,

t h e G r e at L igh t O p e n u p on t h e al tar ; i n ot h e r L odg e s t h e B ook of

C onsti tut i on s only ; an d n ot wi t hstan d i ng th e r e qu i r e m e n t t hat t h e

B ook O f Con sti tuti on s sh oul d b e u s e d I fou n d i n som e L odge s t h a t
,

i t was l ai d asi d e i n op e n V i e w an d th e G re a t L igh t subst i t u t e d a n d

, ,

t h e act i o n was n ot cal l e d i n q u e st i on by any aut h ority I t i s n ot .

1 95 2 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

h m of c ha r t e rs for L odg e s F rom wh at I saw an d th e b e st in

t e .
«

form at i on I coul d obt a i n t h e re w e r e so m e two or th r e e only of th e

,

G r a n d L odg e s t hat h a d sanct io n e d t h i s prac tic e an d ab out th e sam e ,

n u m b e r of Lodg e s t h at h ad act e d u n d e r t h e p e rm i ssi on t h us gi v e n .

I fo un d bot h i n t h e ci ty o f M e x i c o an d t h e ci ty o f S a n L u i s P ot osi ,

wh ich i s t h e capi tal O f th e S tat e O f th e sam e n am e an d a c i ty O f ,

’
a bout th e S i z e of o ur S tat e cap i tal D e s M oi n e s — a wom an s L odge ;
,

t h at i s I saw t h e c hart e rs h angi ng u po n th e wal l of th e a nt e roo m

,
-

si d e by si d e wi t h t h e ch art e rs of som e fou r or fi v e m e n s L odg e s

’

occupyi ng th e sam e hal l th e c hart e rs w e r e fil l e d o ut u pon th e sa m e

blank s i n th e sa m e m an n e r sign e d by t h e sam e G ra nd O ffi c e rs
, , ,

an d wi t h th e gr e at s e al of th e G ran D i e ta — th e only d i ff e r e n c e
b e i ng th e i n s e rti on i n o n e of th e nam e s of wom e n rat h e r t h an of
,

m en . M or e ov e r I fi n d fro m a n e x am i n ati on o f th e M a s on i c B u l
,

te ti n th e o ffici al organ of th e G ran D i e ta for 1 8 91 — 94 e d i t e d by

, ,

t h e G ran D i e ta an d e sp e c i al ly i n th e n u m b e r for Fe bruary 1 8 93

, , ,

wh i ch con tai ns th e o ffici al l ist of a h u n dr e d an d m or e L odg e s al l

owing O b e di e n c e t o th e G ran D i e ta am ong th e m on e or two L odg e s
,

of wom e n ch art e r e d by th e G ran D i e ta an d organ i z e d by th e G ran d

,

S e cr e tary h i m s e l f as I was i n form e d by th e br e t h r e n

, I n th e
.
.

o ffi ci al B u l l eti n for F e b ruary 1 8 92 pag e s 1 7 5 — 2 0 1 t h e r e i s a l ist of

, , ,

th e o ffi c e rs an d m e m b e rs of som e tw e nty Lodg e s al l of t h e m con

, ,

s ti t u e n t m e m b e rs O f th e G ran D i e ta an d am ong t h e m I fi n d t h at
, ,

of M art ha W ash i ngt on L odg e N O 1 5 6 wi th a l i st O f th e n am e s of

, .
,

i ts O ffi c e rs an d m e m b e rs a n d th e nam e O f th e M ast e r i s M aria C

, .

B e a l l t h e S e cr e tary J os e fi n a S R i v e ra T h e s e lad i e s I k now v e ry

, . .

w e l l — h av e k n own th e form e r fro m h e r c h i l d hood — M r s B e al l i s a .

nati v e O f I owa C i ty was e ducat e d i n o ur S tat e U n i v e rsity ( wh e re

,

for y e ars I was a p rof e ssor ) was grad uat e d i n 1 8 76 an d w e nt t o

, , ,

M e x ico as a m i ssi onary wh e r e S h e m e t an d m arri e d h e r h usba n d

, ,

wh o w a s a m e m b e r at t hat t i m e an d l at e r M ast e r of a M e x i can

Lodg e i n th e sam e ci ty as h i s nam e ap p e ars i n th e p u bl i sh e d r e cord
,

t o wh i c h w e h av e r e f e rr e d T h e fath e r of th i s l ady i s an d h as b e e n
.

for m a ny y e ars a l e a di ng p hysici an of I owa ci ty an d a p rom i n e n t ,

M ason for hal f a c e nt ury T h e S e cr e tary i s th e n i e c e of th e G O V

.

c ru or O f t h e S tat e t h e G ran d M ast e r of th e G ran d L odg e an d th e

, ,

daugh t e r of G e n R i v e ra o n e of t h e l e ad i ng c i t i z e n s of th e R e pu b
.
,

li c an d t h e s e c on d o ffic e r i n a L odg e t hat has i n i ts m e m b e rs h i p

,

se v e ral prom i n e n t A m e rican s a mong t h e m th e R e v M r W i nton ,

, . .
 FR E E M A S O N R Y IN ME X IC O 1 95 3

wh o h as long b ee n a r e si d e n t of th e ci ty an d th oro u ghly i n form e d ,

as to M e x i can M ason ry F ro m t h e m I l e arn e d as also fro m th e

.
,

M ast e rs an d ot h e r offi c e rs of M e x i can Lodg e s I v isit e d i n t h e c i ty

of M e x ico t h at th e wom e n w e r e accu st om e d t o v i si t th e m e n s
,
’

L odg e s at pl e asu r e .

“
W h e r e v e r I w e n t an d v isi t e d e i t h e r G ran d or sub ord i n at e
,

Lodg e s b e i ng r e c e i v e d wit h th e gr e at e st c ourt e sy an d w e l co m e d by

'

e l oqu e n t addr e ss e s d e l iv e r e d by t h e G ra n d O rator an o ffi c e r attac h e d ,

t o e v e ry L odg e for th e purp ose of w e l c om i ng v i si tors I t ook oc ,

casi on i n m y r e spon si v e ad dr e ss e s wh i ch I d e l i v e r e d u p on e v e ry
,

occasi on an d at con si d e ra bl e l e ngth t o c i t e att e nt i o n to t h is p rac tic e

, ,

wh ic h I fou n d h ad ob tai n e d i n a few case s an d wh i c h was v e ry ,

O bj e cti onabl e t o A m e ri can M ason s ; an d I assur e d t h e m t h at w h il e

i t con t i n u e d m any O f our G ran d L o dg e s woul d n ot r e cogn i z e th e

,

G ran D i e ta u n d e r w h os e j uri sdi cti on t h e y work e d

, I was e v e ry .

w h e r e i n form e d i h pu bl ic an d i n p ri vat e t h at an ov e rwh e l m ing

, ,

m aj ori ty of th e L odg e s an d m e m b e rs w e r e op p os e d t o t h e p racti c e ,

an d w e r e v e ry an x i ous to b e b rough t i n to c l os e r an d m or e i nti mat e

r e l at i on s wi t h A m e ri can M asons an d M asonry T h i s s e n ti m e n t was .

c om m un i cat e d to m e by P r e si d e n t D i a z w h o h on or e d m e wit h tw o ,

v e ry i n t e r e st i ng i nt e rvi e ws as also by h i s D e p uty b ot h i n th e S u

, ,

p r e m e C ou n c i l an d G ran D i e ta an d ot h e r prom i n e nt M aso ns

, .

A fe w m ont h s aft e r my r e tu rn ho m e I l e arn e d th at th e G ran

D i e ta h ad r e p e al e d th e law u n d e r wh i c h wom e n w e r e au t hori z e d t o b e
m ad e M ason s an d u pon r e c e i vi ng t h is i n form at i on I r e p l i e d t hat t h at
, ,

woul d n ot sat isfy A m e rican M asons t h e y m ust go fu rt h er an d pro ,

vi d e by l aw for th e r e vocati on O f c h art e rs i ssu e d t o wom e n an d sti l l ,

’
m or e d e ny to t h e m th e righ t of V i sitat i on t o m e n s Lodg e s bot h
, ,

of w h i ch th e G ran D i e ta has si nc e d on e as I am i n form e d F u rth e r , .

t h an t h i s I d o n ot se e w h at t h e y c oul d d o T h e y can n ot u n m ak e .

th e wom e n wh o ar e m ad e M ason s any m or e t han w e c an by e x p u l

si on d e cl ar e th at a m a n i s n o l onge r a M ason W e on ly do as t h e y .

h av e don e d e ny t h e m al l th e righ ts an d p ri vi l e g e s of M ason ry

, .

“
T h e m ak i ng of wom e n M asons i s n ot a n e w d e partu r e i n M as
o ury i ts h as only b e e n m or e re c e n t u p on a l arg e r scal e an d b rough t
, ,

n e ar e r hom e E v e ry w e l l r e ad M ason k n ows full w e l l t h at i n th e

.
-

last c e n tu ry a L odge i n I r e lan d N u m 44 at D on e rail e i n i tiat e d a

, .
, ,

wom an M i ss E l i z ab e t h S t L e g e r daught e r of th e R ight H on orab l e

, .
,

S t Le g e r V i scou nt D e n e r ail e w hos e son an d succ e ssor w as M ast e r

.
, ,

1 23
1 95 4 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

Of th e Lodg e t i m e S h e aft e r wards m arri e d H on R ic h ard

at th e . .

A l dwort h of th e Cou n ty of C ork an d has l e ft a m ost h on or a bl e

, ,

r e cord as a woma n an d a wom an M aso n M or e ov e r t h e M aso n i c .

,

stu d e n t m ay l e arn t hat d uri ng t h e r e ign of N a pol e on th e F i rst ,

E m p e ror a wo man w as m ad e a M ason h e b e i ng G ran d M ast e r at

, ,

th e ti m e S h e was a col on e l an d a v e ry b rav e an d d isti ngu i sh e d

. ,

offi c e r i n hi s arm y ; s e rv e d w it h d i sti ncti on for m any y e ars an d h e r ,

se x w as n ot d i scov e r e d u n t i l s h e was s e v e r e ly wou nd e d wh e n u pon , ,

h e r r e cov e ry t h e M asons p rom pt e d by a spi ri t of gal la nt ry c on

, , ,

f e rr e d u p on h e r th e t h r e e sy m b ol ic d egr e e s W it h i n th e past d e cad e .

t h e G ran d M ast e r of t h e G ran d L odg e of H ungary a S y m b ol i c

'

G r a n d L odg e wh i c h tak e s a p rom i n e n t part th e pr e s e n t y e ar wi t h

,

t h e O fficial s an d p e opl e of H unga ry i n t h e c e l e brat ion O f t h e i r M il

l e n iu m F e st i v a l a thou san d y e ars of h on orabl e h i story con f e rr e d

, , ,
‘
h i m s e l f t h e d egr e e s of M asonry u po n h i s own wi f e Vs/ b il e th e
, .

M ason ic pr e ss com m e n t e d u po n t h i s l ast cas e as M ason i c h i storian s

h av e up on th e form e r I h av e y e t t o l e arn t hat a ny M aso ni c G ran d
,

B ody e v e r wit h d r e w or e v e n wit h h e l d t h e i r r e cogn i ti on fro m t h os e

, ,

G r a n d L o dg e s O f I r e l an d F ran c e an d H ungary , T h e y w e r e al l
, .

r e c ogn i z e d by th e G ran d L odg e O f I owa as i n d e p e n d e n t G ran d

M ason i c B od i e s ; an d i t was on ly wh e n t h e G ran d Lodg e of F ran c e
e l i m i n at e d fro m i ts ri tual th e r e qui r e m e n t O f a b e l i e f i n a S u pr e m e ‘

’
B e i ng t hat t h e G ran d L odg e of I owa fol l owi ng th e e xa m pl e of th e
, ,

G r a n d L odg e of E nglan d an d l at e r fol l ow e d by A m e ri can G ran d

,

L odg e s oth e r t h an ou r own wi t h dr e w i ts r e cogn i ti on or rat h e r r e

, , ,

fus e d to hol d furt h e r M ason i c i nt e rcours e wi t h t hat G ran d B ody .

“
A n ot h e r an d t h e t h i rd O bj e ct i on h as b ee n v e ry r e c e ntly u rg e d
, ,

a a i n st th e r e cogni ti on of th e G ran D i e ta as a l awfu lly c on st i tu t e d

g

M ason ic b ody an d t h e v e ry sw e e p i ng c h arg e h as b e e n m ad e n ot

, ,

on ly agai n st th e G r a n D i e ta b ut agai n st v e ry m an y of th e G ran d

,

Lodg e s O f th e worl d e sp e c ial ly t h os e O f E urop e A si a A fri ca an d

, , ,

S out h A m e rica n e arly al l of whi c h o w e th e i r origi n to S u p r e m e

,

C ou n ci l s O f S c otti sh R it e F r e e mason ry I t has b e e n p ubl i sh e d th at .

‘
th e r e is n o l awful M ason r y an ywh e r e t hat i s n ot d e sc e n d e d from
t h e F r e e an d A cc e pt e d M ason ry of th e B rit ish I sl e s t h e M ason ry of ,

t h e C harg e s of a F r e e m ason a n d i t i s d e cl ar e d b y th e sam e writ e r

t h a t t h i s i s a n i n d i sp uta bl e fact H e furt h e r says t h at th e L odg e s
.
’

i n M e x i c o a r e clan d e sti n e t h at t h e i r m e m b e rs a r e i m posto r s an d

‘ ‘

’
d i ss e n t e rs from th e origi nal plan of M ason ry a n d t hat w h oe v e r
‘
,
1 956 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

t i on of th e G ran d L odg e O f E ngl an d t h e n an d th e r e adopt e d for i ts ,

gov e rn m e n t a n d i t a l on e — for i t was n ot an d i s n ot b i n di ng u pon

any L odg e or G ran d L odg e ti l l acc e p t e d as suc h — i s e i th e r a trut h
or a l ie I t r e ads H e ad V I D i vi si on 2 t h at W e a r e al so M aso ns
.
, .
, ,
‘

o f al l n ati ons t ongu e s ki n dr e ds an d languag e s w h i c h i s c or r ob o

, , ,
’

,
‘
rat e d by a ll h i story th at t h e re was at t h at t i m e oth e r an d lawful
M ason ry e l s e wh e r e t h an i n E ngla n d E nglan d wh il e h er p ol it i cal
’
.
,

flag fl o a ts o n e v e ry se a h as n o m onop oly of M ason ry o utsi d e of

‘ ’

, ,

T h e r e was an d i s l awful M ason ry i n ot h e r

’
h e r own d om i n i on s
‘
.

parts O f t h e gl ob e an d so r e c ogn i z e d by th e G ran d Lo dg e of E n g

,

lan d i ts e l f by S cotlan d I r e l an d C an ada an d al l E ngl is h c ol on i e s

, , , , ,

as by a m aj ori ty of th e G ran d L odg e s of th e U n i t e d S tat e s i ncl u d ,

i ng I owa I t can n ot b e sai d as som e h av e ass e rt e d t hat th e L odg e s

.
, ,

i n ot h e r n at ion s sprung from th e l oi ns of t h e E ngl i sh G ra n d L odg e ,

b e caus e at t h at dat e 1 7 2 3 th e G ran d L odg e of E nglan d h a d n ot

, ,

w a rrant e d a S i ngl e L odg e b e yon d E ngla nd a n d i t w a s s e v e ral y e ars

’
b e for e s h e con st i tut e d o n e b eyon d th e B ri ti sh I sl e s .

N o t only has th e G ran d L odg e of I owa bu t a maj ori ty of th e ,

G ran d L odg e s O f t h i s count ry as w e l l as t h os e of E ngl an d an d

E urop e hav e r e c ogn i z e d t h e G ran d L odg e s of C u ba V e racru z an d , ,

t h e Fe d e ral D istri ct i n M e x i co t og e t h e r wi t h t hos e of C h i li P e ru , , ,

B ra z i l A rg e nti n e R e pu bl ic a n d O t h e rs i n th e W e st e rn H e m i sp h e r e
, , ,

an d i n t h e E ast e rn t hos e of S pai n P ortugal I taly R oum an i a

, , , , ,

H u ngary an d ot h e rs al l of wh i c h as w e h av e stat e d w e r e cr e at e d by
, , , ,

su pr e m e C oun ci l s W e h av e n ot h ad ti m e t o l ook i n t o m any of th e

.

p roc e e d i ngs of G ran d L odg e s bu t t h os e wh i ch w e hav e at han d an d , ,

i n to wh i c h w e hav e l ook e d a r e t h os e Of C al i forn i a C anada L ou i s

, ,

i a n a N e w Y ork as w e l l as I owa al l of w h i c h h av e r e c og m z e d th e
, , ,

afor e sai d G ran d L odg e s as lawful ly c onsti tut e d G ran d Lodg e s of

M ason s I t wil l n e v e r d o for u s or oth e rs t o ass e rt t h at all k nowl
.

e dg e al l wi sdom a n d al l M ason ic i n t e ll ig e nc e r e si d e e i t h e r i n I ll i
, ,

n oi s or I owa or any oth e r A m e ri can G ran d L odg e or e v e n i n th e

, ,

G ran d L odg e O f E nglan d wh ic h h as al ways ack n owl e dg e d an d ,

re cogn i z e d a m aj ori ty i f n ot al l of t h e s e v e ral G ran d L odg e s w e

, ,

h a v e n am e d M or e ov e r th e G ran d M ast e r of th e G ran d L odg e of

.
,

E ngl an d th e P ri nc e of Wal e s wh o h as s e rv e d h i s G ran d Lodg e

, ,

an d Fr e e masonry n ow for tw e n ty o n e y e ars was mad e a M ason i n -

,

a Lodg e u n d e r th e j u ri sd i ct i on of th e G ran d L odg e O f S w e d e n ;

an d t h e G ran d L odg e of N orw a y w hi c h i s n ow s e e ki ng r e c ogn i ti on ,
 FR E E M A S O N R Y IN ME X I CO 1 95 7

at ou r h an ds h as b e e n r e cogn i z e d r e c e n tly by som e O f th e A m e ri can

,

G ran d L odg e s as w e ll as i n form e r y e ars by oth e rs

, .

“
T h e s e stat e m e n ts an d av e rm e nts prov e t hat M ason ry i s un i v e r
sal wi d e spr e ad an d cosm opol itan i n i ts ch aract e r ; i t e m b rac e s as
, ,

th e C onstituti on s say M ason s of al l n ati ons t ongu e s k i n d r e ds

,
‘
, , ,
’
an d l anguag e s M oh am m e dan H i n doos an d e v e n P agan s h av e
, , ,

L odg e s an d G ran d L odg e s usi ng th e K oran th e V e das an d ot h e r

, , ,

sacr e d b ooks of t h e i r r e ligi on i nst e ad of th e B i bl e I h av e mys e l f

, .

sat i n L o dg e S an d G ran d L odg e s wit h n at iv e a borigi n al A m e rican s

'

ful l bl ood e d I n di ans O n e of th e P r e si d e n ts O f th e U n i t e d S tat e s

- .
,

a form e r G ran d M ast e r of a G ran d Lodge ord e r e d th e d e gr ee s of ,

M asonry c on f e rr e d u p on I n di an ch i e fs V isit i ng t h e S e cr e tary of

W ar at th e N ati onal capi t al o n b usi n e ss p e rtai n i ng t o t h e i r n at i on ,

an d t h os e m e n h ad v e ry l i ttl e k nowl e dg e of th e G r e at Ligh t i n

M ason ry or of any oth e r sacr e d b ook e x c e p t t h e gr eat vol u m e O f
, ,

n at ur e a n d as l i ttl e al so of th e B ook of th e C onsti tu ti on s or th e

, , , ,

l aws of th e G ran d Lodg e u n d e r wh os e j u ri sd icti on t h e y w e r e m ad e .

Le t u s i n q ui r e wh at i s a cl an d e sti n e L odg e an d see wh e t h e r

‘

L odg e s I V i si t e d i n M e x i co w e r e cl an d e st i n e
’
W h at i s a cl an
‘
.
‘

’
d e sti n e L odg e an d an i m p ostor a n d di ss e n t e r or clan d e sti n e
,

Th e ( A n d e rson ) Con sti t uti on s d e cl ar e S e ct i on 8 t h at

’
M ason ? , ,

w h e r e a n u m b e r of M asons shal l tak e u p on t h e m s e l v e s t o form a

’
Lodg e wi t h out th e G ran d M ast e r s warra nt th e r e g ular L odg e s ar e ,

not t o coun t e n an c e t h e m n or own t h e m as fai r br e t h r e n a n d d uly ,

’
form e d . I n ot h e r words a Lodg e form e d wi t h out a warra nt fro m
,

th e G ran d M ast e r (we n ow say G ran d L odg e) i s cl an d e sti n e an d

“ ’

so a cl an d e sti n e M ason i s on e m ad e i n a Lodg e wit h out a warran t .

T h e G ran D i e ta S y m b ol ic a of M e x i co an d th e L odg e s u n d e r it s ,

o b e di e nc e ar e as r e gular an d l e gal b odi e s of M ason s as i s th e G ran d

,

L odg e of I l l i n ois I owa E ngl an d or any ot h e r G ran d L odg e i n th e

, , ,

worl d Th e G ran D i e ta i s com p os ed of G ran d a n d su b ordi nat e

.

L odg e s t h at O btai n e d t h e i r c h art e rs from b ot h S u p r e m e C ou n ci l s of

t h e S cotti sh R i t e an d G ran d L odg e s of t h e Y ork R it e b u t t h at ,

do e s n ot m i l i tat e t h e r e m or e th an h e r e agai n st i ts l awfu l ch aract e r

, , .

S O t oo a lawful ly c onst i tu t e d ( warran t e d ) L odg e can n ot m ak e

, ,
-

clan d e sti n e M ason s T h e r e i s a gr e at d i ff e r e nc e b e tw ee n a n i r

‘ ’ ‘
.

’
r egularly m ad e an d a cl an d e sti n e ly m ad e M ason T h e m ak i ng of
-
’
-
.

’
a p e rson wh o i s n ot a good an d tru e m an ; O n e wh o i s n ot fre e
‘ ‘

’
o n e wh o i s n ot of mat ur e an d d iscr ee t ( l e ga l ) ag e ;
‘
born or a
1 95 8 H I S TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

’ ‘ ’
‘
bon d man a wom an or an i m m oral or scan dal ou s m an an d n ot
’

,
‘
, ,

of good r e p ut e i s d e cl ar e d by A n d e rson s C on sti tuti o ns t o b e ir r eg u

’ ’

l ar an d n ot p e rm issi bl e — b ut t h at i rr e gul ari ty do e s n ot m ak e t h e m

T h e r e a r e fe w n ot any am ong al l my br e t h r e n of
’
‘
cl an d e sti n e .
,

m any y e ars sta n di ng i n M aso n ry wh o h av e n ot v isit e d L odg e s

’

w h ic h h ad vi olat e d o n e or m or e O f t h e s e si x com m an d m e n ts cal l e d ,

’
T h e V i ol at i o n of a l an d m ark by a L odg e
’
by som e lan d mark s
‘
.
‘

or G rand Lodg e d o e s n ot m ak e i t or i ts m e m b e rs cl an d e st i n e W e r e .

t h is so th e G ran d L odg e O f E ngl an d i ts e l f t h e ol d e st of G ran d

, ,

L odg e s woul d b e d e clar e d c lan d e sti n e by all E ngl i sh sp e ak i ng G ran d

,
-

L odg e s i n t h e worl d for t h e r e i s n o fact m or e n otori ous t han t h at

,

t h e G ran d L odg e of E nglan d v e ry m any y e ars ago u p on th e

, ,

m an u m issi on of sl av e s i n i ts c ol on i e s c hang e d on e of t h e fu n da ,
’ ’
m e n t a l l an d m arks so r e cogn i z e d fro m fr e e b orn i n t o fr e e m an
, ,
‘ ‘
,

a n d th e r e by au t h ori z e d th e m aki ng O f an d d i d m ak e M ason s of , ,

t h os e w h o w e r e b orn i n S l av e ry M or e ov e r t h e G ran d L odg e s of

.
,

E nglan d of P e n n syl vani a an d s e v e ral ot h e r G ran d L odg e s i n t h e

, ,

U n i t e d S tat e s — e v e n our n e igh b ori ng G ran d L odg e of M i ssou ri

k n owingly an d I m ay say w i l l fully m a d e M ason s of t hos e of n on
, ,

a e
g . W e h av e r e si di ng i n th e S tat e of I owa to d ay a M ason mad e
a M aso n i n h i s e igh t e e n t h y e ar i n a L odg e i n M issou ri an d th e ,

L odg e so m ak i ng hi m w as fu l ly c ogn i z an t of th e fact T h e s e ar e .

i rr e gul ari ti e s an d n o i rre gul arity h ow e v e r gr e at can v i ti at e t h e

, , ,

c hart e r or t h e l e gal e x i st e n c e o f th e body p e rform ing th e act h ow ,

e v e r O ff e n si v e i t m ay b e i n th e e y e s of th e b r e t h r e n .

“
A ny an d al l M ason s m ay V i si t an y an d a l l L odg e s i n M e x i co
wi th ou t v i olati ng as c h arg e d by th e i gn oran t or mal ic i ous any O
, , .

B of wh i c h I hav e any k n owl e dg e or k n ow n to th e r i tual s h e r e or

.
,

e l s e wh e r e from t h e fi rst t o th e th i rty t hi rd an d last d e gr e e i n M ason ry

-
.

“
T h e G ran d L odg e of E nglan d was t h e first G ran d L odg e an d
1
i t w a s not c r e at e d t i l l 1 7 1 7 n or i ts C onsti tuti on ad opt e d ti l l 1 7 2 3 ;
,

y e t wi t h i n tw e n ty y e ars t h e r e was a sch i sm a n d a s e c e ssi on of a

n u m b e r of br e t h r e n w h o c on sti tut e d a noth e r G ran d L odg e c all i ng
, ,

t h e ms e l v e s th e A n ci e n ts an d b y so m e strang e lcoc u s poc u s t h e i r

‘ ’

m ot h e r G ran d Lodg e t h e M od e rn s —al l t h is ab out t h e m i d dl e O f

th e l ast c e nt ury T h i s n e w sch ism ati c cl a n d es ti n e G ran d L odg e
. , ,

e ngi n e e r e d by a m or e i n te 1 i 1 e n r ac t1 v e a n d e n e rg e ti c G ran d S e cr e
g ,

Con s ti tution w a s do p t e d fi rst e d i tion p rin t e d —ED I TOR

a 1 7 2 1 , a nd 1 72 3 .
1 96 0 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

wit h so m e two h un dr e d L odg e s an d (i t i s stat e d ) tw e n ty th ousan d

m e m b e rs wit h s e v e ral A m e rican Lodg e s a n d many of ou r cit i z e n s
,

a ffi l i at e d t h e r e i n an d h av i ng n ot only p rov e d that i t d i d n ot forb i d

,

or e x cl u d e b ut p e rm i ts as s h e h as al ways th e u s e of th e G r e at
, , ,

Ligh t an d m or e ov e r s e ttl e d th e qu e st i on of t h e past wom an s h e ,

k n ocks at t h e d oor O f th e A m e rica n G ran d L odg e s for r e cogn i ti on .

L e t i t b e b orn e i n m i n d t hat r e c ogn i ti on i s n ot e ss e n ti al or e v e n

,

n e c e ssary to l egal ity I t o nly b e ars i n i ts trai n a m or e e n larg e d an d

.

frat e rnal i nt e rcours e am ong an d b e tw ee n t h e i r m e m b e rs .

 CH A PTE R I II

CU BA AN D P OR TO R COI

Gu é a .

D ec e m b e r 7 , 1 8 04 , t h e G ran d L odg e O f P e n n
1

syl van i a c hart e re d at H ava na Le T e m pl e de s

V e rtu s T h e ol og al es N o 1 0 3 J os e p h Ce rn e au , .
,

b e i ng th e first M ast e r U n d e r th e sam e san c .

tion ot h e r l odg e s w e r e e r e ct e d — i h 1 8 1 8 N os , .

1 5 7 1 6 1 ; in 1 8 1 9 N OS 1 6 6
, 167 in 1 820 N O
, .
, , .

1 7 5 ( at S a n tiago d e C u b a) , an d i n 1 8 2 2 No , .

181 . T h e y e x i st e d u p t o 1 8 2 6 at wh i c h t i m e t h e c h art e rs of N O S
, .

1 7 5 a n d 1 8 1 had b e e n r e vok e d for fai l ur e of m ee ti ng for m or e t h an

a y e ar an d th e ot h e rs h ad d i e d out T h e G ran d L odg e s of L ou isi ana

, .

an d S out h C arol i n a n e x t assu m e d th e warran ti ng O f l odg e s o n th e

isl an d U n d e r th e form e r G ran d L odge b od i e s sprang u p i n 1 8 1 5
.
, , ,

N o 7 i n 1 8 1 8 N os 1 1 an d 1 4 an d u n d e r th e l att e r i n 1 8 1 8 N o
.
, , .
, , .

5 0 an d i n 1 8 1 9 N o 5 2
, , T h e G ran d O ri e n t O f F ran c e i n 1 8 1 9
. .

e stabl i sh e d a l odg e an d c on si story an d t wo furt h e r l odg e s i n

182 1 T h e G ran d L odg e of S out h Carol i n a r e c e i v e d from th e G
. .

L of A n ci e n t F r e e m ason s i n H avan a i n 1 8 2 1 a com m un i cati on

.
,

stat i ng t h at a G ran d L odge h ad b e e n organ i z e d t h e r e to wh i c h th e ,

Lodg e L a A m e n i dad N o 5 2 d e si r e d p e rm i ssi on to tran sfe r i ts al l e

, .
,

g i an c e A favora bl e an sw e r was r e turn e d b ut L a C on stanci a N o

.
, , .

5 0 was r e tai n e d on t h e rol l of th e G L of S ou th C arol i n a for som e

, . .

“
y e ars aft e r wh i c h th e W arrant was su rr e n d e r e d by th e m e m b e rs i n
,

c on s e qu e n c e of th e re l igi ou s an d pol iti cal p e rs e cuti on s to wh i ch t h e y

w e r e su bj e ct e d .

“
Fo r m any y e ars M ason ry l angu ish e d i n th e P e arl of th e A n
”
ti l l e s i ts votari e s p racti ci ng t h e i r ri t e s i n se cr e t b ut n ot dari ng t o
, ,

i nd ulg e i n any ov e rt ac ts whi c h m igh t e n tai l n ot on l y e x p ul si on

,

fro m th e cou n try b ut al so con fi scati on of t h e ir p rop e rty A t

, .

l e ngt h h ow e v e r a fai n t r e vi val se t i n an d a Warran t was grant e d

, , , ,

N ov e m b e r 1 7 1 8 5 9 by th e G ran d L odg e of S outh Caroli n a t o S t

, ,
.

1 96 1
1962 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y
“
A n d r e w s Lodg e N O 93
’
for th e pu rpos e of e stabl ishi ng w i th th e
, .
, ,
l
c o O p e rati o n of two ot h e r L odg e s
- al re ady e x isti ng o n th e islan d at ,

G ran d Lodg e wh i c h w a s acc om pl i sh e d o n D e c e m b e r 5 th of th e

,

sam e y e ar .

A n i n d e p e n d e n t G ran d L odg e of C ol on was t h us e stabl i sh e d

“

at S an tiago d e C u ba an d— D e c e m b e r 2 7 1 8 5 9— a S u p r e m e C ou n ci l
, ,

of t h e A an d A S R 3 3 was fo u n d e d i n the sam e c i ty by A n dr e s

. . . .
°

’
C assard .

A t t h i s ti m e i t m u st b e r e col l e c t e d t h e practi c e of ass e m b l i ng

, ,

as F r e e mason s was forb i dd e n by t h e S pan i sh l aws wh i c h l aws m or e , ,

ov e r t hough d e st i n e d t o b e c om e— aft e r th e d e t h ron e m e n t of Q u e e n

,

I sab e l l a ( 1 8 6 8 ) — i n n ocuou s i n th e P e n i nsu l a r e m ai n e d for a l ong ,

t i m e i n fu l l forc e i n C u b a .

f
S e v e ral i nd ee d O f th e C aptai n s G e n e ral an d ot h e r O flI c e r s wh o
, ,

rul e d th e i slan d s w e r e M ason s an d t h e r e for e fro m ti m e t o t i m e th e ,

C raft was tol e rat e d b ut i ts m e m b e rs b e i ng al ways com p e l l e d t o work

,

to a gre at e x t e n t i n th e d ark fou n d i t n e c e ssary to o b s e rv e t h e m ost ,

i n vi ol abl e s e c re cy an d e v e n t o S h i e l d t h e m s e l v e s u n d e r M asoni c
,

n am e s l e st by th e d i sc ov e ry of t h e i r own t h e y m igh t i n cu r th e
, ,

m ost gri e vou s p e nal ti e s .

Fo r th e sam e r e ason th e S u pr e m e C ou n ci l an d th e G ran d L odg e ,

wh ic h soo n af t e r u n it e d i n form i ng a G ra n d O ri e nt fou n d a con ,

v e n i e n t t i tl e for t h e am algam at e d b ody i n t h e n am e of Col on — th e

S pan ish for Col u m b u s— it b e i ng d e si r e d abov e al l t h i ngs to c on c e al

“
fro m th e pu b li c k e n th e s e at of th e G ra nd E ast of th e S oci e ty .

A t th e format i on of th e G ran d O ri e n t of C ol on a c on st i t ut i on ,

p u bl i sh e d at N a pl e s i n 1 8 2 0 was adopt e d as t hat of th e n e w organ

i z a ti o n . By t h is th e S u p re m e C ou n ci l n e c e ssari ly b e cam e a s e cti on
of th e G ran d O ri e n t I n 1 8 6 5 a n e w c on st i tuti on was prom ulgat e d
. .

T h e S o v G Corn of th e S u pr e m e C oun ci l b e cam e — ex ofi c i o— G

. . . .

M of t h e G ran d O ri e nt b u t th e G M of th e G ran d L odg e w as

. . .

st i l l r e q ui re d t o sub m i t h i ms e l f for e l e cti on A ll c hart e rs for l odg e s .

w e r e issu e d by th e G ran d L odge b ut h ad to b e con firm e d a n d v i s ed ,

by th e S u pre m e C ou nc i l .

I n 1 8 6 7 th e G ran d L odg e pro m ulgat e d a c on sti t uti on of i ts own ,

i n w h ic h w hi l e r e c ogn i z i ng i ts cont i nu e d m e m b e rsh i p of th e G ran d

,

‘
B roth e rs A l b e rt P i k e a n d J os i a h H D ru m m ond . ag eer th a t th e s e we re S p a n ish
l o d ge s h a vi ng w a rr a n ts fro m S p i n
, a .

’
S a n cti on e d b y S C 3 3 S ou th e rn J uri s d ic ti o n
. .
°
.
1 96 4 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

form e d th e G ran d Lodg e of C u ba T h i s body from t h e v e ry fi rs t .

k e p t i ts e l f fre e from th e bl igh ti ng i n fl u e nc e of t h e (s o cal l e d ) h igh -

d e gr e e s wh i c h i t wi ll i ngly c ons e n t e d — D e c e m b e r 3 1 1 8 7 6 — sh ou l d
, ,

b e rul e d i n C u ba by t h e G ran d O ri e nt of S pai n I n a ci rc ular of .

S e pt e m b e r 4 1 8 76 t h e G ran d Lodg e of C ol on cl ai m e d t o h av e o n
, ,

i ts r egi st e r t h i rty si x l od ge s an d
-
m e m b e rs ; w h i l e i ts n e wly
form e d ri val th e G ran d Lodg e of C ub a i n 1 8 7 7 poss e ss e d an a p
, , ,

par e n t foll owi ng of s e v e n t ee n l o dg e s I n th e l att e r y e ar— J u n e 3 d

.

— a s e co n d G ran d L odg e of C ol on or C ol u m b us
( ) at H avan a was
ad d e d t o th e t wo e x i st i ng C raft G ran d Bod i e s .

T h us we fin d t h r ee orga n i z ati on s e ac h clai m i ng t o b e t h e r e g u

,

l ar G ran d L odge Fro m a c i rcular of th e G ran d Lodg e of C u b a

.
,

w e l e arn t hat i n 1 8 7 9 th e t hr e e l odg e s wh i c h form e d t h e G ran d

Lodg e of C ol on at S an ti ago d e C u ba i n 1 8 5 9 an d fou r ot h e rs a d
, , ,

h e r e d t o t h at b ody b u t t h at t h e r e m ai n i ng l odg e s e x c e pt i ng t h os e ,

un d e r th e G ra n d Lodg e o f Cu ba w e r e su bj e ct to th e control of t h e
,

G ran d L odg e of C ol on at H avana T O l ocal j e al ousi e s m u st b e

.

attri but e d t h i s m ul ti pl i cati o n of G ran d L odg e s T h e r e p r e s e nta .

ti v e s of som e of th e H avan a l odg e s w h o s e c e d e d from th e O ld ( or

or i i n a l e t a s fi re
g ) G ran d L odg e of C ol on at S anti ago d e C u ba m ,

G r a n d Lodg e an d d e cr ee d i ts r e m oval t o H avan a

, .

E v e n tu ally h ow e v e r th e G ran d L odg e s of C ol on ( at H avan a )

, ,

an d Cu b a form al ly u n i t e d an d M arc h 2 8 1 8 8 0 th e G M of o n e
, , ,
. .

body b e cam e G ran d M ast e r an d th e G M of th e ot h e r body D e p

, . .

u ty G ran d M ast e r T h e t i tl e assu m e d by th e n e w organ i z atio n w as

.

th e U n i t e d G ran d Lodg e of C ol on an d th e I sl an d of C u ba an d i t ,

e nt e r e d u p on i ts car e e r w it h a roll of fi ft s e v e n l odg e s a n d b e tw e e n

-
y ,

an d M ason s T h e l odg e s u n d e r t h e origi nal G ran d

.

L odg e of C ol on at S antiago d e C u ba r e m ai n e d t ru e t o t h e i r al l e
i an c e
g .

“
In 1 885 nu m b e r of l odg e s u n d e r th e
th e U n i t e d G ran d
L odg e h ad ap par e n tly i ncr e as e d t o e igh ty two wit h P rov i nc ial -
,

G ran d L odg e s at S an ti ago d e C u ba an d P ort o R i c o ; b ut on t h e

o ffici al l i st th e r e w e r e on ly fi fty e igh t l odg e s I n al l u pon th e rol l
- .

O f t h e s e t h i rty a r e i n t h e cap ital or i n i ts V i ci n i ty a n d tw e n ty e igh t

, , ,
-

i n ot h e r parts I t is p ossi bl e t hat furth e r sc h isms m ay h av e d i s

.

tu r b e d t h e p e ac e of C u ban M ason ry ; an d i t i s som e w hat r e m ark

abl e t h at th e P rovi n c i al G ran d Lodg e O f P ort o R ic o — wit h th e

fou rt e e n su b ord i n at e l odg e s on t hat i sl an d shown i n su n d ry cal e n ,
 CU B A AND P O R T O R I CO

dars for 1 8 8 6 — h av e wh olly di sapp e ar e d i n th e o ffi ci al l i st of curr e nt

dat e .

I t only r e m ai n s t o b e stat e d t h at from th e stati stics b e for e m e , , ,

th e r e woul d app e ar to h av e b e e n i n e x i st e n c e o n th e i sl an d th irt e e n

l odg e s u n d e r t he N ati onal G ran d O ri e nt an d t w e nty se v e n u n d e r ,
-

t h e G ran d L odg e of S pai n T h e latt e r w e r e subj e ct t o a P ro v

-
. .

G M w h os e j uri sd icti on al so e x t e n ds t o P orto R ico

. .
,
.

S i nc e t h e su pp re ssi on of M ason ry i n Cu b a by S p an i sh au t h ority ,

an d th e m urd e r of M ason s at S anti ago de C u ba n o aut h e n tic i n ,

form ati on o f th e status of t h e I n sti tuti on i n th e islan d h as b ee n

attai n abl e N o O fli c ial docum e nts h av e b e e n i ssu e d but aft e r th e
.
,

w ar of th e U n i t e d S tat e s wi t h S pai n e n d e d a n otic e an n ou nci n g ,

that se v e ral bo di e s of th e F rat e rn i ty i n th e i slan d h ad r e su m e d

t h e i r l ab ors was i ssu e d an d u n d e r th e n e w r eg i m e t h e r e i s n o dou b t
,

t h at M ason ry w i l l fl ouri sh th e r e an d i ts p rosp e ri ty S pr e ad i n to ot h e r

,

p arts of th e A n ti ll e s .

P or to R i co .

T he arly M ason ic h i story of t h i s islan d i s v e ry vagu e an d con

e

ec tu r a l as a r e al l q u e sti on s r e lati ng to th e p rob l e m O f S p an i sh

j ,

M ason ry I n 1 8 6 0 at M ayagu e z t h e r e w as i n e x i st e nc e a L odg e

.
, ,

R e staurac i o n un d e r th e G O of C ol on bu t th e c hang e s w h ic h t ook

. .
,

pl ac e i n Cu b a duri ng th e struggl e for e x i st e n c e of th e G ran d L odg e s

t h e r e h ad t h e i r i n fl u e n c e th rough ou t al l of th e S pan i sh i slan ds
, .

T h e l i sts S how t h at th e P rovi n ci al S u p e r i nt e n d e n t of C u ba an d

P orto R i co u n d e r th e G ran d L odg e of S pai n ( of wh ic h B e c e ra was
t h e G M ) was D o n M an u e l R om e n o
. . T h e l odg e s ar e n ot e n u .

m e r a te d i n th e l i st b ut fi v e are on t h e rol l of th e G ran d O ri e n t of

,

S pai n h ow e v e r wi t h out a P rovi nci al S up e ri n t e n d e n t n am e d

, , Le .

P h e n i x N o 2 3 0 c on sti tu t e d i n 1 8 74 w as th e on ly l odg e r e pr e s e n t
, .
, ,

i ng th e S C of F ran c e A t o n e ti m e th e U n i t e d G ran d Lodg e

. . .

of C ol on i n C ub a h ad u n d e r its j urisdi ct i on fou rt ee n l odg e s i n th e

i sl an d H ow e v e r t h e s e w e r e form e d i nt o a n I n d e p e n d e n t G ran d
.
,

L odg e S e pt e m b e r 2 0 1 8 8 5
,
T h e gr e at e st c e ntr e s of M ason i c
, .

activi ty h av e b e e n S an J uan P on c e an d M ayagu e z th e l ast nam e d

, , ,
-

t own n ot on ly h avi ng two l odg e s b ut al so a con sistory of a,

c ou nci l of an d a ch apt e r of
W h il e t h e l odg e s of P orto R i co s e v e r e d t h e i r co n n e cti on wi t h
“
th e U n i ted G r a n d L odg e of Col on i n th e i slan d O f Cu b a th e
‘

,
1 96 6 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

ch apt e rs a n d oth e r associ ati on s of M ason s i n th i s S pan ish d e p e n d

e n cy r e tai n e d t h e i r al l e gian c e to th e S up r e m e Cou n c i l of t h e sam e

t i tl e .

U pon t h is a l ittl e l igh t i s t hrown by th e act i on of D o n A n toni o

R om e ro O rti z ( at th e sa me t i m e pr e si d ing ov e r th e G ran d L odg e o f
“
S pai n ) w h o i n a d e cr e e dat e d M arc h 1 3 1 8 8 3
, , , d e n ou nc e d th e , ,

G ran d L odg e of C ol on an d C u ba an d t h e M ason s of i ts o b e d i e n c e ,

as trai tors to th e G ov e rn m e n t an d to th e M ot h e r C ou n t r y si m ply ,

b e caus e t h e y d e c l i n e d t o r e cogn i z e h i s au th ority to gov e rn or i nt e r

f e r e i n th e affai rs of S y m bol i ca l M ason ry i n C u ba I n th e sam e .

y e ar th e U n i t e d G ran d L odge of C ol o n an d C u ba an n ou n c e d by
c i rcular t hat t h e r e b e ing i n a l l t h r ee S up r e m e Coun ci ls an d t hr e e
G ran d L odg e s i n S pai n i t had r e cogn i z e d th e G ran d L odg e of
,

“
S e vi l l e as b e i ng th e on ly r e ally i n d e p e n d e n t organ i z ati on of C raft
M ason ry t h e n e x i sti ng i n t hat c oun try T h i s of cou rs e was d e al
’

.
, ,

i ng v e ry su m m aril y wi th th e pr e t e nsi on s of th e G ran d Lodg e ( or

O ri e nt ) u n d e r O rti z wh i c h M r A l b e rt P i k e p ron ou nc e d t o b e t h e
, .

only G ran d B ody i n S p ai n l egi ti m at e ly e ntitl e d t o r e cogn it ion as

a r egular M ason ic b ody T h e n am e last q u ot e d b e i ng as m any
.
,

wi l l b e awar e t h at of th e S O V G C orn of th e S C 3 3 for

, . . . .
°

th e U S A . S ou t h e rn J uri sd icti on — th e body of wh i c h h e i s th e

. .
,

h e ad b e i ng t o ot h e r S u pr e m e Cou n c il s what t h e G ran d L odg e of

E ngl an d 15 to ot h e r G ran d L odg e s an d h i s own p e rson al aut h ori ty ,

p e rhap s rank i ng h igh e r t han t h at of any oth e r M ason e i t h e r i n th e

O l d W orl d or th e N e w .

T h e G ran d L odg e an d S u pr e m e C ou n ci l of C ol on an d Cu b a
hav e t h e re for e fol l ow e d d i ff e r e n t roads th e l att e r t re ad i ng i n th e ,

b e at e n track t rav e rs e d by S u p r e m e C ou nci l s i n am i ty wi t h th at p r e

si d e d ov e r by th e pat riarc h a n d l aw giv e r of th e ri t e an d t h e form e r -
,

b ol dly strik i ng out a pat h of i ts own .

O wing t o th e stat e of p oli ti cal a ff ai rs i n th e i sl an d an d fro m th e ,

i n fl u e n t i al posi t i on h e l d by O rti z i n S p ai n th e c h arg e s h e m ad e ,

w e r e c alcul at e d to su bj e ct th e C uba n M asons b ot h t o su rv e i l lan c e

an d p e rs e cu ti on on th e part of th e a ut h oriti e s A t P orto R i co t h e .

ci rcu m stan c e s w e r e som e wh at d i ff e r e n t O u t of Cu ba i ts e l f th e .

S C of Col on was l ong r e gard e d — an d n ot al on e by v otari e s of

. .

t h e A an d A S R 3 3 — as a m or e st abl e in sti tuti on t h an any ot h e r

°
. . . .

of th e n u m e rous G ran d B odi e s w h i c h sprang u p l ik e m u sh room s i n

t h e i slan d W h e n t h e re for e th e two gov e rn i ng b od i e s at H a va n a
.
, , ,
 CH A PTE R IV

FR E E M A SON R Y IN A SIA

'

“
g r e atly i n d e b te d to G oul d s
’
ar e i st ory of H
”
F r e e mason ry for th e fol l owi ng sk e tch e s of
M ason ry i n A si a an d ot h e r coun tri e s i n th e
E ast e rn H e m isp h e r e H e says :
. I t h as b e e n “

th e p rac ti c e O f M asoni c wri t e rs to pass l igh tly

ov e r th e h istory of F r ee M asonry i n n on E u -

r o ea n c ou ntri e s a n d to e x cl u d e al m ost from

p
m e nti o n t h e c on d i ti o n or p rogr e ss of th e C raft i n e v e n th e larg e st,

Col on i e s or D e p e n d e nc i e s w i t h i n th e sov e r e ignty of an O l d VVO r l d

”
P ow e r .

I n formati on o n t h i s p oi n t m u st b e sough t am i d the r e c ords of

th e coun tri e s d isc u ss e d . T oo l ittl e e m p h asi s has b ee n l ai d by wri t
e r s u p on ot h e r t h an E urop e an c ou ntri e s an d sl igh t att e nti on gi v e n
,
“
t o t h e i r d e p e n d e nc i e s O f t h e s e l att e r F i n d e l says
. T h e l odg e s
e x isti ng i n t h e s e q ua rt e rs of th e gl ob e w e r e o n e a n d all u n d e r t h e

G ran d L odg e s of E ngl an d S cotlan d H ol lan d or F ranc e an d t h e r e

, , ,

for e t h e i r h i story form s an i n s e parabl e part of t h at o f th e cou ntri e s

i n qu e st i on .T h i s stat e m e n t t o say th e l e ast i s i n e x act
, , O wi ng .

to th e v ari e d ad m i x tu r e of p e o pl e s fou n d i n th e A siat i c c oun tri e s

i n to wh ic h E u rop e an s h av e e n t e r e d th e pract i c e of th e craft e m a
,

n at e s fro m m any di ff e r e n t sou rc e s .

W h il e i n th e G r e at e r A n til l e s aros e M ason i c I n n ovat i ons clai m

ing e qu al ity wi th or su p e ri ority o v e r th e G ran d A u t h ori ty of th e
C r a ft i n t h e Le ss e r A n til l e s l odg e s c on n e ct e d wi t h d i ff e r e n t E u ro
, ,

p e an G ran d B od i e s e x i st e d i n th e sam e l ocal it i e s T h i s stat e of .

a ffai rs n e c e ssarily i n duc e d a c on fl ic t of j uri sdi cti on R e b ol d says

.

A ft e r H oll an d had b e c om e i ncorp orat e d wi t h th e F r e nc h E m

pi r e ( J uly , th e G ran d O ri e n t of F ran c e assu m e d t h e con trol
o f al l t h e D utc h L odge s wh ic h t h e n e x i st e d wit h t h e e x c e p ti on of
,

t h os e of t h e I n di e s wh i c h r e m ai n e d u n d e r th e ob e d i e n c e w h i ch ha d
,

1 06 8
 FR E E M A S O N R Y IN A S IA 1 96 9

cr e at e d t h e m an d wh i c h carri e d on th e tit l e of G ran d L odg e of

,

th e U n i t e d P rov i nc e s of th e Low C ou ntri e s .

L i k e wi s e th e P rovi nci al G ran d L odg e O f B e ngal i n B ri t ish ,

I n di a was m or e t h an on c e i n d e p e nd e n t i n fact i f n ot i n n a m e an d
, , ,

its arc h i v e s m u st b e e xam i n e d for H in dostan ee F r ee mason ry or e l s e

n ot h i ng woul d b e k n own of l odg e s th e n am e s of w h ic h d o n ot
ap p e ar u p on th e rol l s of t h os e E urop e an G ran d B od i e s u n d e r w h ic h
F i n d e l av e rs t h e y cam e .

G e org e P om fr e t was a u t h ori z e d i n 1 7 2 8 by th e G ran d Lodge of

E ngl an d
“
t o op e n a n ew L odg e i n B e ngal T h i s l odge was .

e stabl is h e d i n 1 7 3 0 by Captai n R al p h F ar w i n te r t h e succ e ssor of

P rov i n c ial G ran d M ast e r of I n d i a T h i s l odg e i s

“
P om fr e t as ,
.

d e scri b e d as N O 7 2 B e ngal an d i s di sti ngu i sh e d by th e arm s of

.
, ,

th e C om pany i n t h e E ngrav e d L ist s .

J am e s D awson Z e c h G e e an d R og e r D ra ke i n ord e r succ e e d e d

, , , ,

C aptai n Far wi n te r D rak e w as G ov e rn or of Calc utta b ut e scap e d

.
,

th e h orrors of th e B l ack H ol e i n 1 7 5 6 by fl yi ng t o th e s h i p s H e .

r e tu rn e d wi t h Cl i v e but do e s n ot ap p e ar t o h av e r e su m e d h i s
,

M ason i c Offi c e .

“
A t th e p e ri od i n qu e st i on i t wa s th e cu st om i n B e ngal to e l e ct
t h e P rov G M an n ual ly by th e m aj ority of th e v oi c e s of th e m e m
. . .

b e rs t h e n p r e s e n t from am ong t h ose w h o h ad pass e d t h rough th e

,

di ff e r e n t offi c e s O f th e ( P rov ) G ran d L odg e wh o h ad s e rv e d as.

,

D e p P rov G M
. . . .

U n d e r t h i s pract ic e S am u e l M i ddl e ton was e l e ct e d i n 1 76 7 a n d

co nfi rm e d O ct ob e r 3 1 1 76 8 B u t a few y e ars pr e vi ously E arl
, .

“
F e rr e rs h a d gran t e d a rovi ng c om m i ssi on t o J oh n Bl u vi tt com ,

m an d e r O f th e A d mi ral W at son I n d i am an for E ast I n di a wh e r e n o ,

ot h e r P rovi n ci al i s t o b e fou n d T h e an n ual e l e ct i on r e f e rr e d to

.

w as con firm e d by th e G ran d M ast e r of th e G ran d L odg e of E ng

l an d wi thout i ts b e i ng t h ough t an i n fri ng e m e n t u p on h i s p r e r og a e
.

t i v e B ut th e d i sp e n sati on con firm i ng M i ddl e ton s e l e ct i on was

.
’

r egard e d as abrogat ing an nu al e l e cti on s H e h e l d o ffi c e u n t il h is .

d e at h i n 1 7 75 .

T h e r e cords of th e B e ngal G ran d Lodg e only e xt e n d b ac k t o

1 7 74 . B ut pri or t o t h i s dat e ot h e r l o dg e s w e r e form e d A s e con d .

o n e of wh om n ot h i ng sav e i ts e x i st e nc e i s k n own aros e an d s e v e n

, , , ,
n
I d
1 97 0 H IS TOR Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

m e m b e rs of t h is organ i z e d a l odg e A p ri l 1 6 1 740 an d on p e titi o n , ,

“
th e G ra n d L odg e of E ngl an d ord e r e d th e sai d Lodg e to b e e n

rol l e d (as r e q u e st e d ) i n t h e l ists of r egul ar l odg e s agr ee ab l e t o th e ,

dat e of t h e i r C on st i tuti on .

O t h e r l odg e s w e r e form e d at C han d e rnagor e C alc ut ta P at n a , , ,

a nd B urdwan t h e n am e s of onl y som e O f wh i c h ar e pr e s e rv e d b ut

, ,

t h e nu m b e rs gi v e n t h e m S h ow t hat ot h e rs m ust h av e e x i st e d .

I n 1 7 7 4 t h e r e w e r e o nly th r e e l odg e s i n Cal c utta B e si d e s t h e s e

.

an d th e l odg e s at th e oth e r plac e s m e n ti on e d th e r e w e r e l odge s at ,

D acca M o o r s h e d a b a d an d
, ,
“
at so m e mi l i tary stati ons or wi t h army
”
brigad e s .

“
T h e G ran d L odg e of S ol om o n at C hi n sura wh i c h was u n d e r
,

H ollan d work e d i n h armony w it h th e P rovi nc ial G ran d L odg e

,

u n d e r E ngl an d v isits b e i ng i n t e rch ang e d an d o ffi ci al s of b ot h

,

e ngagi ng i n t h e sam e c e r e m on i e s .

“
I n 1 7 75 Fe b ruary 1 5 th e P rov G ran d Lodg e
, , . tak i ng i nto ,
‘

c on si d e rat i on th e p ropri e ty of pr e s e rvi ng c on cord an d u nan i m ity,

r e co m m e n d i t to th e B r e th r e n w h o cal l t h e m s e l v e s S cott an d
”
E l e ct t hat t h ey d o l ay asi d e th e w e ari ng of r e d ri b b on s or any ,

oth e r mark s of d i sti ncti o n bu t suc h as ar e prop e r t o th e T h r e e D e

,

gr e e s or t o th e G ran d L odg e as su ch a r e qu e st we ar e tol d w h i c h

,
’

, , ,
”
was c h e e r ful ly c om p l i e d wi t h .

U pon th e d e at h of M i d dl e ton i n 1 7 7 6 C h arl e s S ta ff ord P l e y d e ll

,

was e l e ct e d i n h i s st e ad U n d e r P h il i p M i l n e r D acr e s th e succ e ssor

.
,

of S ta ff ord th e P rov G ran d L odg e of B e ngal asse m bl e d for th e

, .

l ast ti m e J anu ary 2 5 1 7 8 1 , .

T h e war i n t h e C arnati c wh i c h n e arly sw e pt M ason ry ou t of

,

I n dia h ad m uc h t o do w it h t h i s di ssol uti on

, .

“
I n d ustry an d P e rs e v e ran c e of th e l odg e s i n Cal cutta w h ere ,

al on e i n B e ngal M ason ry m ay b e sai d t o h av e e x i st e d m ay b e sa i d ,

t o b e th e o nly on e wh ic h su rv i v e d wi t h a fe e bl e l igh t .

H ow e v e r th e P rovi nci al G ran d L o dg e was r e op e n e d J ul y 1 8

,
-
,

1 7 8 5 u n d e r G e org e W i l l i amson a form e r D e pu ty P G M

, ,
u n d er . . .
,

a pat e n t fro m E ngl an d a pp oi n ti ng h i m A cti ng P G M an d . .

au th ori z i ng a m e e ti ng for e l e c ti on o f G ran d M ast e r .

U pon an e l e ct i on N o v e m b e r 1 4t h E d ward Fe n wi ck form e r

, ,

G ran d W ard e n w as e l e c t e d r e c e i vi ng s i x v ot e s w hi l e W i l l i am so n
, , ,

r e c e i v e d four T h e form e r was i n stal l e d M arc h 1 7 1 7 8 6 t h ough

.
, ,

u n d e r h is pat e nt Wi ll i am son was cl e arly e nt itl e d to h ol d hi s a cti ng

 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

m o v al s th an form e rly Th e first c i rcu m stan c e m u st b e a gr e at d is

.

c o u r a e m e n t to t h e form at i on of L odg e s i n th e B rigad e s a n d t h e

g ,

s e c on d would som e t i m e s e x pos e suc h L odg e s t o th e ri sk of b e i ng

an n i h i lat e d H ow e v e r w e shal l gi v e al l e n cou rag e m e n t t o t h e
.
,

m ak i ng O f app l i cati on s an d al l th e su p p ort w e p ossi bly c an to su ch

,

L odg e s as m ay b e con sti t ut e d

’

A
gran d ball an d supp e r was gi v e n by th e P rov G ran d L odg e .
,

J an uary 1 4 1 78 9 t o w h ic h i n vi tat i on s w e r e s e n t n ot only to r e si

, , ,

"
d e nts i n Calc utta b u t also to B ro T i tsi n g h G ov e rnor of C h i n su
, .
,

rah an d ot h e r M ason s of th at C ol on y ; t o B ro B r e t e l an d th e
, .
,

oth e r M ason s of C h an d e rnag or e ; an d al so t o t h e M ason s of S e r

am p o r e an d t o t h e S ist e rs o f t h e s e C ol on i e s accordi ng t o wh at h as
, ,

b e e n custom a r y o n su c h occasi ons form e rly .

’

I n 1 790 — D e c e m b e r 2 7— F e n wi ck r e sign e d an d on t h e sam e

day th e H o n C harl e s S tuart was e l e ct e d an d i n stal l e d as h i s su cc e s
.

sor T h e latt e r h ow e v e r — owi ng to th e gov e rn m e n t of th e coun

.
,

try d e vol vi ng u p on h i m i n con s e q u e n c e of th e abs e nc e of Lord

C orn wall i s from C al cu tta — ap poi n t e d R i ch ard C omy n s B i rc h A c t
i ng P rov G M of B e ngal. . . .
’

“
Th e L odg e s i n th e P r e si d e n cy ar e t h us d e scri b e d i n th e F r e e
’

m ason s C al e n dar for 1 7 94 :

S ta r in t Ca l c u t t a I s t Lo d g e O f B e n g a l
th e E a s , ,

Lod g e o f I n d u s t r y a n d P e r s e v e r a n c e Ca l c u t t a , 2 d Lo d g e of B e n g a l
,

Lo d g e of U n a n i m i t y, Ca l c u t t a 3 d Lod g e o f B e n g a l ,

A n c h o r a n d H o p e, Ca l c u t ta, 6 th Lo d g e o f B e n g a l
Lod g e o f H u m i l i t y wi t h Fo r ti t u d e Cal c u t t a , sth Lo d g e o f B e n g a l
,

Lod g e o f T r u e F r i e n d s h i p , w i t h t h e 3 d B r i g a d e 4 th Lo d g e of B e n g a l ,

A t P u t ty G h u r B e n g a l ,

Lo d g e o f th e N o r t h S t a r F r e d e r i c k s n a g or e , 7 th Lo d g e O f B e n g a l
,

A t C h u n a r , i n t h e E a s t I n d i e s 8 th Lo d g e o f B e n g a l
,

Lo d g e o f M a r s Ca w n p o r e 9t h Lo d g e O f B e n g a l
, ,

T h e re
was al so an ot h e r l odg e th e M ari n e L odg e C al cu tta an d , , ,

a S t e wards Lodg e u n d e r th e G ran d L odg e of E nglan d

’
.

F rom t h e fi rst two l o dg e s of th e ab ov e l ist t h e O ffi c e rs o f th e

P rov G ran d L odg e h ad al ways b ee n s e l e c t e d wh i ch i n d uc e d r e s e n t
.
,
.

m e n t u pon th e part of th e ot h e r l odg e s T hi s f e e l i ng b rough t .

a b ou t a g e n e ral d e f e c ti on fro m th e P rov G ran d L odg e o f B e ngal .

an d by cons e qu e nc e from t h e G ran d Lodg e of E ngl an d A n .

 FR E E M A S O N R Y IN A S IA 1 97 3

p h e m er allodg e — N o 1 46 — u n d e r th e A t h ol l (or A n ci en t) G ran d

.

Lodg e w as e stabl i sh e d at Calcu tta i n 1 76 7 b ut n o oth e rs w e r e ,

fou n d e d un ti l l at e r .

Th e L odg e s T ru e F ri e n dsh i p
a n d H u m i l i ty wi t h F or ti
‘ ‘
’

’
tu d e w e r e th e fi rst wh o transf e rr e d t h e i r all egian c e th e form e r ,

b e com in g N o 3 1 5 or N o 1 of B e ngal D e c 2 7 1 797 ; an d th e

.
, .
, .
,

latt e r N o 3 1 7 or N O 2 of B e n gal A p ril 1 1 1 7 98 T h e M ar in e

, .
, .
, , .
‘

L odg e fol low e d th e i r e x am pl e an d obtain e d a si m i l ar warran t

’

,
’
N o 3 2 3 — M arc h 4 1 8 0 1 M e an wh i l e L odg e S tar i n t h e E ast ‘
.
, .
,
’
f e ll i n t o ab e yanc e an d I n dustry an d P e rs e v e ranc e w as on the
,
‘

p oi n t of cl osi ng al so O n e m e e ti ng only was h e l d i n e ac h of th e

.

y e ars 1 8 0 2 1 8 0 3 an d 1 8 04 aft e r wh i c h for a l ong p e ri od t h e r e

, , , , ,

w e r e n o m or e L odg e A n c h or an d H op e obtai n e d an A t hol l

.
‘ ’

warran t as N o 3 2 5 — O c t 1 1 8 0 1 . L ittl e i s k n own of L odg e .

, .

’
U n an i m i ty w h ich t h ough carri e d forward at th e u n i on
, ,

m ust h av e di e d ou t at l e ast s e v e ral y e ars b e for e .

“
D uri ng th e te n or e l e v e n y e ars t h at i n t e rv e n e d b e t w ee n th e
obl i t e rati on of th e P rov G ran d L odg e an d i t s r e e stabl i sh m e n t i n
.
-

1813 ,M ason ry i n C al cu tta was r e pr e s e n t e d al most e x cl usi v e ly by

th e L odg e s w h ic h h ad s e c e d e d from t h e ( ol d e r) G ran d L odg e of

E ngl an d .

O n S t J oh n s D ay (i n C h ri st m as) 1 8 09 th e L odg e s T ru e
’
.
, , ,

F ri e n dsh i p H u m il i ty wi t h F ort it u d e M ari n e N o 3 3 8 ( A n c i e nts )

, , , .

i n th e 1 4 t h F oot an d th e D isp e n sat ion L odg e work i ng u n d e r a

,
‘ ’

warran t gran t e d by N O 3 3 8 walk e d i n p roc e ssi on t o S t J oh n s

.
, .
’

C hu rc h w h e r e a M ason i c s e rm on w as d e l i v e r e d by th e R eV D r
‘

, . .

J a m e s W ar d .

“
H ap p il y L odg e s S tar i n th e E a st a n d I n d ustry an d P e rse
, ,

v e r a n c e w e r e r e v i v e d i n 1 8 1 2 an d on D e c e m b e r 2 2 of t hat y e ar
, ,

acco m pan i e d by t h e O ffi c e r s Lodg e N o 3 4 7 i n th e 1 4t h F oot

‘ ’

, .
,

an d H u m i l i ty wit h F orti tud e al so walk e d i n proc e ssi o n t o th e sam e ,

ch u rc h an d b e n e fi t e d by a l ik e se rm on from D r Ward
, . .

“
O n O ctob e r 4 1 8 1 3 t h e E arl of M oi ra — w h o h ad b e e n a p
, ,
~

poi nt e d A cti ng G ran d M ast e r of I n di a— arri v e d i n C al cu tta T h e .

fi rst M ason i c act of th e G ov e rnor G e n e ral was to constitu t e a n ew -

L odg e i n t h at c ity — th e M on a F r e e dom an d F i d e lity— N ov e m b e r ,

8 an d h i s s e con d t o r e e st a bl i sh th e P rov G ran d L odg e of B e ngal

, ,
-
.

u n d e r 1 11 6 H o n A rc h i b al d S e ton . .
1 97 4 H ISTOR Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

“
U p on th eu n i on O f th e two G ran d Lodg e s th e A th ol l l odge s , ,

t hr e e i n n u m b e r at Calcu tta ca m e u n d e r th e j uri sdi cti on of th e

,

P rov G ra n d L odg e
. .

T wo ot h e rs of th e s e c e ssi o n ar e n ot m e n ti on e d i n th e r e c ords of
th e P rovi nc e 1 8 1 4—40 , .

p e ri od o f th i s fusi on t h e r e w e re th e fol l owi ng L odg e s

A t th e ,

un d e r th e O ld sanct i o n : T h e S t e wards S tar i n t h e E ast I n d ustry , ,

an d P e rs e v e ranc e a n d S i n c e r e F ri e n dsh i p (C h un ar) O f t h e s e

, .

L odg e s th e fi rst n e v e r h e l d a L on d on warrant an d th e l ast w as

“

, ,

st ru ck O ff th e rol l i n ad v e rt e n tly at th e U n i on T h e r e w e r e al so .

t h e n i n e x ist e n c e th e M oi ra L odg e an d t h r ee ot h e rs con sti tut e d , ,

si nc e th e r e vi val of th e P rov G ran d L odg e th e n am e s of w h i c h .

,

h e ad t h e fol lowi ng tab l e of Lodg e s e r e ct e d d uring th e p e ri od

1 8 1 3 —2 6 :

Mo i ra , Ca l c u t ta , N ov e m b e r 1 3, 1 813 .

O r i e n t a l S t a r , N oa c o l l e e , A p r il 2 1 ,8 1 1 4 .

A u r o r a Ca l c u tta J u n e 2 3 1 8 1 4
, , , .

Co u r a g e w i t h H u m a n i t y, D u m D u m J u l y 1 2 , 1 8 1 4 , .

N o r t h e r n S t a r, B a r rack p or e, J u ly 1 8 1 8 1 6 , .

S i n c e r i t y Ca w n p or e , J a n u a r y 8 , 1 8 1 9
,
.

H a s t i n g Lod g e o f A m i t y a n d I nd e p e n d e n c e A ll a h a b a d , A p r i l 9, 1 8 2 1 , .

U n i t e d Lo d g e o f F r i e n d s h i p Ca w n p o r e J u n e 1 3 1 8 2 1
, , , .

H u m a n i t y wi t h Co u r a g e P r i n c e of W a l e s I s l a n d J u l y 1 8 2 2
’

, , , .

A m i t y S t J oh n s P oo n a ( D e c c a n ) J a n u a ry 3 0 1 8 2 4
’

, .
, , , .

Ki l wi n n i n g i n t h e W e s t N u s s e e r a b e d , O c t o b e r 2 0 1 8 2 4
, , .

La r k i n s Lo d g e o f U n i o n a n d B r o t h e r l y Lo v e D i n a p o r e O c to b e r 2 0 , 1 8 2 4
’

, , .

I n d e p e n d e n c e w i t h P h i la n t h r o p y A l l a h a b a d O c t o b e r 2 6 1 8 2 5
, , , .

S o u t h E a s t e r n S t a r o f Li g h t a n d V i c to r y, A r r a c a n , O c t o b e r 2 6, 1 8 2 5
-
.

T u s c a n M a l ac c a O c to b e r 2 6 1 8 2 5
, , ,
.

R oya l G e o r g e B o m b a y, D e c e m b e r 9 1 8 2 5
, , .

U n ion a n d P e r s e v e ra n c e A g ra O c t o b e r 2 3 1 8 2 6
, , , .

K i l wi n n i n g i n t h e E a s t Ca l c u t t a D e c e m b e r 2 3 1 8 2 6
, , , .

of t h e s e e igh t ee n Lodge s h ow e v e r onl y s e v e n — N os 2

O ut , , .
,

3 4 , ,6 7 ,I 3 ,
an d I 8 a, bov e — s e cur e d a footi ng o n th e rol l of t h e

G ran d Lodg e of E ngland an d i t i s n ot a l ittl e curi ou s t h at of t h e two

,

n ow alon e su rvi vi ng C ourag e wi t h H u man i ty ,

an d I n d e p e n
d e n c e wi t h P h ilant h rop y wh i ch w e r e plac e d on t h e g e n e ra l
l ist i n t h e sa m e y e ar ( 1 8 2 8 ) i n j ux ta posi ti on th e l att e r b e a rs th e ,

e arl i e r n u m b e r an d has t h e high e r p r e c e d e nc e !

,
 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

a ccom pan i e d by th e p rop e r f ee s T h is stat e of a ff ai rs c on t i n u e d .

u n ti l 1 8 3 4 wh e n t h e q u e sti on of s e parat i on from t h e G ran d L odg e

,

of E nglan d was grav e ly an d form ally m oot e d i n th e Lodg e s O v e r .

tu r e s for a r e conci l i ati on at l e ngt h ca m e i n th e sh ap e of c e rt i ficat e s

for br e t hr e n w h o h ad by t h is ti m e grown gray i n M asonry A h .

s w e r s t o l e tt e rs wri tt e n l ong ago w e r e al so r e c e i v e d b u t th e m ost

i m p ortan t con c e ssi on m ad e by th e G ran d Lo dg e of E nglan d was
th e consti tuti on of t h e fi rst D istri ct G ran d L odg e of B e ngal — un d e r

Dr J oh n G rant — wh i c h h e l d i ts fi rst m e e ti ng Fe bruary 2 8

.
, ,

“
In so m e M ason s at D e l h i ap pl i e d t o t h e i r br e th r e n at
1 83 4
M ee rut for an act i ng c on sti t ut io n of t h i s k i nd w h i c h m igh t s e rv e ,

t h e i r p urpos e u nt i l th e r e c e i p t of a warran t fro m t h e G ran d Lodge

of E ngl an d A t th e l att e r stat io n t h e r e w e r e t wo L odg e s on e of
.
,

wh ich h ow e v e r w as i ts e l f work i ng un d e r d isp e nsati on an d c ou l d

, , ,

n ot t h e r e for e di sp e n s e grac e t o an ot h e r T h e ot h e r b e l ong e d t o t h e .

2 6 th F oot N o 2 6 u n d e r t h e G ran d L odg e of I r e l an d

.
, T h i s L odg e .

d e cl i n e d g i vi ng a d isp e n sat i on for th e so m e wh at I ri sh r e ason t h at

,
-

th e C am e ron ian L odg e h ad al r e ady gran t e d o n e t o an ot h e r L odg e ,

of th e p ropri e ty of w h i c h act t h e y h ad gr e at d oubt ; an d t hat u n ti l

an an sw e r h ad b e e n r e c e i v e d f ro m I r e l an d t h e y c oul d n ot c om m it a
se con d act of dou btful l e gal i ty T h e c ustom h ow e v e r was a v e ry , ,

ol d on e I n 1 75 9 Lodg e N o 74 I R i n th e I st F oot ( 2 d
.
, .
, .
,

grant e d an e x act c opy of i ts warran t — dat e d O ctob e r 2 6 1 7 3 7 — t o ,

som e b r e t h r e n at A l b any t o work u n d e r u nti l t h e y r e c e i v e d a s e p

,

arat e c h art e r from I re l an d T h i s was c h ange d — Fe bruary 2 1 1 76 5

.
,

— for a warran t fro m G e org e H arri son E ngl i sh P rov G M of , . . .

N e w Y ork an d th e Lodg e — M oun t V e rnon —is now N o 3 o n th e ~

.

”
rol l of th e G ran d L odg e of t hat S tat e .

I n th e B ri ti sh A rmy t h e G ran d L o dg e o f I r e l an d h as b e e n th e
favori t e of G ran d B od i e s an d y e t only o n e stat i onary l odg e ha s
,

be e n e r e ct e d i n I n di a u n d e r i ts j urisdi cti on T hi s w as i n 1 8 3 7 at .

K u r n au l bu t i t s e e m s t o h av e l i v e d o nly o n e y e ar
, A t B om b ay i n .
,

1 8 6 2 a n att e mp t was mad e t o organ i z e a not h e r l odg e

, B u t th e .

att e m p t fai l e d as t h e G ran d L odg e of I re l an d r e fus e d a warrant

,

on th e grou n d t hat t h e r e w e r e al r e ady t wo j uri sdict i on s i n I n d ia ,

t h e E ngl i s h an d S cotc h .

1
Cf Ba rk e r ,
, E a rly H is t o f th e
. G ra n d Lod g e o f N e w Y ork ,
”
p r e fa c e p xvi i i
, . .
 FR E E M A S O N R Y IN A S IA 1 97 7

I n th e d e c e n n ial p e ri ods 1 8 40—5 0 an d 1 8 5 0 — 6 0 t h e r e w e r e i n

— 0 t h e n e w L odg e s
e ac h i n stan c e 1 2 add iti o ns t o t h e rol l I n 1 8 6 0 7 .

am ou nt e d to 1 9 a n d i n 1 8 70—8 5 to 3 8 T h e s e figur e s ar e con fi n e d

, .

to th e E ngl is h Lodg e s b ut e xt e n d ov e r t h e ar e a n ow occu p i e d i n

,

part by th e D istrict G ran d L odg e s of Bu rm ah an d th e P u n j a u b ,

b ot h of w h i c h w e r e carv e d out of th e t e rri tory pr e vi ou sly com pris e d

wi t h i n th e P rovi nc e of B e ngal i n 1 8 6 8 T h e foll owi ng stati st i c s .

sho w th e n u m b e r of L odg e s e x ist i ng J anu ary 1 1 8 8 6 — i h th e -

,

vari o us stat e s an d di stricts wh i c h u n ti l 1 8 6 8 w e r e su bj e ct t o th e

M aso ni c gov e rn m e n t of B e ngal : un d e r th e G ran d L odg e of E ng
lan d— B e ngal ( D G .
3 9 ; B rit i sh B urm ah ( D G
. .
7 ; an d . .

P u n j au b ( D G . . 24 U n d e r th e G ran d L odg e of S cotl an d 1 1

.
,

—th e e arl i e st of wh i c h S t D avi d (origi n al ly K il wi n n i ng) i n th e

, .

E ast N o 3 7 1 C al cutta was c o nst i t ut e d Fe b ruary 5 1 8 49

.
, , , .

T h e D utc h L odg e s i n H i n dostan h av e p ass e d out O f e x ist e n c e ,

b ut wit h r e gard t o t h e s e an d also to c e rtai n ot h e r L odg e s e stab

,

l is h e d by th e G ran d L odg e of H oll an d i n vari ou s plac e s b e yon d

th e s e as th e m at e ri als for an e x hausti v e l i st ar e not avai l ab l e t o th e
,

h i stori an .

At t h is plac e i n 1 7 5 2 was e stabl i sh e d th e e arl i e st l odge i n

S ou th e rn I n di a I n 1 76 5 t h r e e O t h e rs w e r e form e d at th e sam e
.

stat i on C aptai n E d m un d P ascal was app oi nt e d P rov i nci al G ran d

.

M ast e r for M adras an d i ts D e p e n d e n ci e s ab out 1 7 5 6 I n th e fol , .

l owi ng y e ar a fi ft h l odg e was e r e ct e d at F ort S t G e org e T h e . .

oth e r E ngl i sh s e ttl e m e n ts i n I n dia w e r e dom i n at e d by t h i s p r e si

d e n e y for a S h ort p e ri od an d th e C arnati c figur e s l arg e ly i n I n di a n
, .

M ason i c h istory duri ng th e latt e r hal f O f th e 1 8 t h c e n tury owi n g

t o th e conti n u ou s wars w i th th e F r e n c h an d aft e rward wi t h H yd e r ,

A l i an d h i s son
"

“
I n 1 7 6 8 a l odg e— N o 1 5 2 — w as e stabl i sh e d by th e A t h ol l ( o r
.

A n ci e n t ) G ran d L odg e of E ngl an d at F ort S t G e org e ; an d i n .

1 7 7 3 on e by th e G ran d L odg e of H ol lan d at N e gapatam The .

n e x t e v e n t of i m p ortan c e was th e i n it iati on i n 1 7 7 6 of U m d at u l , ,

-

U m ara e l d e st son of th e N ab ob of A rcot at T ri c h i n op oly w h o i n

, , ,

h i S r e p l y t o th e congrat ul at i on s of th e G ran d L o dg e of E ngl an d ,

stat e d h e con si d e r e d th e ti tl e of an E ngl i sh M aso n as o n e of th e

‘

’
m ost h on orabl e h e p oss e ss e d .
 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

A P rovi nci a l G ran d L odg e u n der

t h ol l san ct i on was e stab the A
“
l is he d at F ort S t G e org e i n 1 7 8 1. b u t t h e d iss e n si on s i n t h e ,

s e ttl e m e n ts h ad so r e n t asu n d e r e v e ry l i nk o f soci al l i f e t ha t e v e n ,

t h e frat e rn a l b on d o f M ason ry h as b ee n an n i h i lat e d i n t h e g e n e ral

w re c k .

U n d e r B rigadi e r G e n e ral H orn P rov G M for t h e C oast of

-
, . . .

”
C oromand e l t h e P r e si d e n cy of M ad ras an d p arts adj ac e nt
, th e ,

un i on of t h e B r e t h r e n i n S outh e rn I n di a was e ff e ct e d .

A ll t h e ol d e r l odg e s at th i s ti m e s e e m to h av e b ee n e x ti nc t b u t
th e r e was e stabl i sh e d at A rcot i n 1 7 8 6 th e C M L T h e fol l ow . . .

ing y e ar L odg e N o 1 5 2 t e n d e r e d i ts al l e gi anc e to G e n e ral H orn

.

an d j oi n e d o n e of th e l odg e s u n d e r t hat O ffic e r .

O f t h e s e four w e r e ad d e d t o th e rol l i n 1 7 8 7
, N os 5 1 0—5 1 3 . .

P e rf e ct H arm ony S t T h om as M ou nt ; S ocial F ri e n dsh i p M ad ras ;

, ,

T ri ch i n opoly ; an d S oci al F ri e n dsh i p S t T h omas M ou n t — a n d , .

styl e d N O S 3 4 5 a n d 6 C oast of C orom an d e l T wo ot h e r

.
, , , , .

l odg e s w e r e al so e stabl ish e d i n t h e sam e y e ar th e S t e wards an d ,

P e rf e ct U n an i m i ty wh ic h accord i ng to t h e l oos e p rac ti c e of t h os e

, ,

days w e r e gi v e n th e pl ac e s o n th e l ist of th e tw o e arl i e st M adras

,

l odg e s an d b e cam e ( i n 1 7 90) N os 1 0 2 an d 2 3 3 r e sp e cti v e ly

, . .

A l odg e of h appy n o m e ncl at ur e — La F rat e rn i t é C osm opol i t e

was co nst i tut e d at P o nd i c h e rry i n 1 7 8 6 by th e G ran d O ri e n t of
F ran c e an d a s e co n d — Les N avigat e u rs R e un i s — 1 7 90
, .

I n th e latt e r y e ar— J ul y 5 th — J oh n C h a m ie r r e c e i v e d a si m i lar

pat e n t as P rov G M t o t hat p r e vi o usly h e l d by G e n e ral H orn
, . . .
, ,

an d was suc c e e d e d by T e r e n c e G ahagan 1 8 0 6 an d H e rb e rt Com p , ,

ton 1 8 1 2
, .D uri ng th i s p e ri od fou r l odg e s w e r e a dd e d t o t h e rol l
S ol i d Fri e n dshi p T ri c h i n op ol y 1 790 ; U n i ty P e ac e an d C on cord
, , , ,

1 7 8 ; S t A n dr e w s U n i on
’

9 . 1 9th Foot 1 8 0 2 ; an d P h il ant h ropi sts

, , ,

i n t h e S cotc h B rigad e (94th F oot) 1 8 0 2 at M adras T h e s e l odg e s , ,

.

w e r e n u m b e r e d 5 7 2 5 74 5 90 an d 5 91 on th e g e n e ral an d 7 9 1 0
, , , , , , ,

an d I I ( Coast of C oro m an d e l ) o n th e l ocal l i sts r e sp e ct i v e ly ,

.

A ft e r t h e un i on th e P rovi nc e was rul e d by D r R ic h ard J e b b .

,

1 8 1 4 ; G e org e L s 1 8 2 0 ; an d i n 1 8 2 5 by C o m p t on o nc e m or e
y ,
.

’
T h e n am e of t hi s worthy o n ly d i sapp e ars fro m th e F r ee m a s on s
“
Ca l e n da r i n 1 8 4 2 an d wi t h i t t h e provi n c ial ti tl e
, C oast of C oro ,

m an d e l —e xc h ange d for M ad ras o v e r w h i c h Lord E l p h i n ston e ,

’

h ad b e e n ap poi n t e d P rov G M i n 1 8 40 . . . .

W i t h i n t h i s p e ri od — 1 8 1 4—4 2 — n u m e rous Lodg e s w e r e war

 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

th e y r e t urn e d h e artf e l t t han ks A t t h e i r first att e n danc e w h e n th e

.
,

l odg e work w as ov e r an d th e B re t hr e n adj ou rn e d to th e ban qu e t th e

, ,

t h i rt e e n w e r e i n form e d t h at r e fr e sh m e n ts awai t e d t h e m d own stai rs .

R e vol ti ng at th e di st i ncti on t h u s m ad e a m ong M ason s t h e y on e ,

an d al l l e ft th e plac e T h e n e x t m orn i ng t h e y w e r e s e n t for by

.

th e i r com m an di ng o ffi c e r wh o was also on e of th e o ffi c e rs O f th e

,

l odg e a n d ask e d t o e x pl ai n t h e i r c ond uct O n e of th e party — M r

, . .

W W i ll i s ( by wh o m t hi s an e cdot e was fi rst r e l at e d to m e) — t ol d

.

h i m t hat as M ason s t h e y w e r e b ou n d t o m e e t o n th e l e v e l a n d p art

o n th e squ ar e but as t h i s fu n dam e n tal p ri n ci pl e was n ot p ract ic e d
,

i n N o 746 o f wh ic h t h e y had b ee n e l e ct e d h o norary m e m b e rs t h e y

.
, ,

coul d n ot part ak e of t h e i r h ospi tal i ty T he aston ish e d C ol on e l .

utt e re d n ot a word b ut wai v e d h i s han d for t h e m t o r e t i re E v e r

, .

aft e r th i s th e B e n e vol e n t Lodg e — i n cl udi ng th e t h i rt e e n — m e t on

,
” 1
th e l e v e l b ot h i n l odg e an d at t h e ban qu e t tabl e
,
-
.

B urn e s i n 1 8 3 6 m ay b e b e st d e sc ri b e d i n e ccl e si astical p h ras e

, , , ,
“
as a P rov G M . i n p a r tié u s i nfi de l i u i n for wh at e v e r l odg e s t h e n
. .
,

e x i st e d t hrough out th e l e ngt h an d b r e adth of I n di a w e r e strang e rs

t o S cotti sh M ason ry B ut th e t i m e s w e r e p rop i t i o us T h e r e was

. .

n o E ngl ish P rovi nc ial G ran d L odg e of B o m b ay ; an d un d e r th e

C h e val i e r B urn e s wh o h ad b ee n bou n t ifu l ly e n d ow e d by natur e wi t h
,
“
th e qual i ti e s r e qu i si t e for M ason i c ad m i n i strat i o n S cotti sh M ason ry .

pr e s e n t e d suc h attrac t i on s th at th e strang e S igh t was wi t n e ss e d of

,

E ngl i sh M ason s d e s e rti ng t h e i r M ot h e r L odg e s t o su c h an e x t e n t

t h at t h e s e f e l l i n to ab e ya nc e i n ord e r t h at t h e y m igh t giv e t h e i r
,

su pport to l odg e s n e wly c onst i t ut e d b y th e G ran d L odge of S cot

lan d I n on e cas e i n d e e d a l odg e — P e rs e v e ran c e — u n d e r E ngl an d
.
, ,

w e n t ov e r b od i ly t o th e e n e m y wi t h i ts n am e j e w e ls fu rn i tur e an d , , , ,

b e l ongi ngs an d th e c h arge was acc e pt e d by S cotlan d

, .

“
F ro m t h i s p e ri od t h e r e for e S cott ish M ason ry fl ou ri sh e d an d
, , ,

E ngl i sh M ason ry d e cl i n e d t h e latt e r fi nal ly b e c o m i n g qu i t e d orm an t

,

u nt il t he y e ar 1 8 48 w h e n a l odg e S t G e org e N O 8 0 7 o n th e rol l

, , .
,
.

of th e G ran d L odg e of E nglan d w as agai n form e d at B om bay an d , ,

for som e y e ars was th e sol i tary r e pre s e n tati v e of E ngl i sh M asonry
” 2
i n th e P rovi n c e .

R i si ng S tar N O 4 1 3 was e stab l i sh e d by B u rn e s at B om bay for

, .
, ,

th e ad m i ssi on of n ati v e s— a b e aut i ful m e dal c ut by Wyon w as , ,

1 G oul d ’ s H ist .
, vol vi p
. .
, .
3 54 , not e 2 .
2 Ib id . l
, vo . vi p.
, .
33 5 .
 FR E E M A S O N R Y IN A S IA 1 98 1

stru ck i n c on s e qu e n c e — N o 4 1 4 S t A n dr e w i n th e E ast at P oona

.
, .
,

was form e d by h i m N o s 4 2 1 H op e K urrac h e e an d 4 2 2 P e rs e

. .
, , , ,

v e r a n ce
, Bom bay 1 8 4 7 fol l ow e d, , .

I n 1 8 2 4 t h e r e was e sta bl i sh e d at P oon a a s e con d l odg e w h ic h ,

h ow e v e r has passe d out of e x ist e n c e an d l e ft n o t rac e t h e r e of T h e

,
.

c ivi l ian e l e m e n t of t h e m il itary l odg e at P oon a N o 1 5 s e c e d e d i n , .

,

1 8 2 5 an d al so at P oo n a form e d a l odg e 8 0 2 th e L odg e of H op e

, , , , .

A t t h i s poi n t L odg e 1 5 u nr e cogn i z e d at h om e ai d e d i n th e sec es

, ,

si on of som e of i t s m e m b e rs wh o o btai n e d a W arrant on t he r e c om ,

m e n d a tio n of th e par e n t l odg e from th e G ran d Lodg e of E nglan d , .

I n 1 8 2 8 P e rs e v e ran c e N o 8 1 8 w as e r e ct e d at B om bay
, , . No , .

n ot i fi cat i on of th e e x ist e nc e of O ri on i n th e w e st h ad b e e n r e c e i v e d
by th e G ran d L odg e of E ngl an d n or had any f ee s b ee n pa i d , ,

t hough r e gul arly p ai d t o th e P rovi nci al G ran d L odg e of th e C oast

of C oro m an d e l t h ough t h i s was n ot asc e rtai n e d un t i l 1 8 3 0 A lso
, .

i t was asc e rtai n e d t hat th e P rov G M of th e Coast of C orom an d el . . .

h ad gon e b e yon d h i s pow e rs i n p e rm i tti ng th e e re c ti on of a l odg e

at B om bay t h ough ul ti m at e ly t h e r e was gran t e d fro m E nglan d
,

J uly 1 9 1 8 3 3 a n e w W arrant N o 5 98
, , , . .

A s y e t t h e r e h ad b ee n n o i n vasi on of th e j urisdi cti on of th e

G ran d L odg e of E ngl an d ; bu t th e G ran d L odg e of S cotlan d i n ,

1 8 3 6 appoi nt e d D r J as B u rn e s P rov G M
, . . of W e st e rn I n d i a an d . . .

i ts D e p e n d e nc i e s B ut n ot u n t i l J an uary 1 1 8 3 8 w a s a P rov
.
, , .

G ran d L odg e form e d S ub s e qu e nt ly t h e r e was e r e ct e d i n E ast e r n

.

I n di a a s e con d S cott i sh P rovi n c e T h i s was ab sorb e d wit h i n th e .

j uri sd icti on of D r B urn e s on th e r e t ir e m e n t of th e M arqu i s of

.

T w ee ddal e w h o b e cam e P rov G M for al l I n dia i n 1 8 46 wi t h th e

, . . .
, ,

proviso h ow e v e r t hat any fu tur e su b di vi si o n o f th e P r e si d e nci e s w as

, ,

n ot t o b e r e strai n e d by t h i s ap p oi n t m e n t .

A ft e r t hi s i n B e ngal S c ott ish lodg e s w e r e e stabl i sh e d— K i l wi n

, ,

n i ng i n th e E ast C alcutta 1 8 49 an d i n A rab i a Fe l i x A d e n 1 8 5 0

, , , , .

A t t h e b e gi n n i ng of 1 8 8 6 fro m th e G ran d L odg e of S cotla nd t h e r e

, ,

h a d b e e n r e c e iv e d ch art e rs by n i n e t e e n l odg e s u n d e r Bom bay e l e v e n ,

u n d e r B e ngal two u n d e r M adras an d o n e i n A fgh an i stan — t h i rty

, ,

t h re e l odg e s i n al l .

I n 1 8 49 B u rn e s l e avi ng I n dia w as succ e e d e d i n W e st e rn I n dia

, , ,

only by a P rov G M . H ow e v e r Captai n H e n ry M orl an d b e cam e

. .
,

P rov G M of H i n dustan i n 1 8 74 an d su bs e qu e nt ly b e cam e G ran d

. . .
,

M ast e r of A ll S cotti sh Fr e e m asonr y i n I n di a .

1 98 2 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

O f th e l odg e s u n d e r th e G ran d Lodg e of E ngl an d S t G e org e , .

,

e r e ct e d i n 1 8 4 8 was th e on ly r e p r e s e n tat i v e of i ts cl ass for te n y e ars

, .

“ ”
H ow e v e r , C o ncor d
“
an d U n i o n w e r e e stab l ish e d at B om bay
“
an d C u rr ac h ee r e sp e ct i v e ly i n 1 8 5 8 F rom i ts dorman cy O ri on
, .
,

i n th e W e st arous e d a y e ar l at e r A P rovi nci al G ran d L odg e was.

e stabl i sh e d i n 1 8 6 1 an d ot h e r s ub ordi n at e l odg e s w e r e su b se qu e ntly

,

c h ar t e r e d
.

A t first F r ee m ason ry d i d n ot tak e any r e al root a m ong th e n at i v e

pop ulati o n of I n dia .

U m da t u l U m ara son of th e N abob of A rcot was a d m i tt e d a

- -
, ,

m e m b e r of th e S oc i e ty i n 1 7 76 T h e pri n c e ss K e y r a l l a K han (of

,
.

t h e M ysor e fam ily) a n d S h adad K h an (e x A m e e r of S c i n d e) j oi n e d -

,

“
or w e r e mad e M ason s i n th e lodg e of T ru e Fri e n dsh i p i n 1 8 4 2
,

an d 1 8 5 0 r e sp e cti v e ly ; an d i n 1 8 6 1 th e M aharaj ah s D u l e e p an d
“
K u n d e e r S i ng w e r e i n i ti at e d i n l odg e s S tar of th e E ast an d
H op e an d P e rs e v e ran c e — th e l ast n am e d p e rsonag e at L a h or e -
,

an d th e ot h e r t h r e e i n Cal cu tta .

A B y l aw of t h e P rov G ran d L odg e of B e ngal forb i d di ng th e

-
.
,

e n t r y of A si ati cs wi th out t h e p e r m i ssi on of t h e P G M was i n . . .

,

forc e un ti l M ay 1 2 1 8 7 1 an d t h e r e was at l e ast a p op ul ar b e l i e f i n

,

e x i st e n c e so lat e as 1 8 6 0 t hat H i n d us w e r e i n e l igi bl e for i ni tiati on

, .

T h e P ars ee s of W e st e rn I nd i a w e r e th e fi rst O f t h e n at i v e rac e s

w h o e vi nc e d a ny r e al i n t e re st i n t h e i n stit uti on an d ar e t o b e c on ,

gratul at e d on t h e r e c e n t e l e ct i on ( 1 8 8 6 ) of o ne of t h e i r n u m b e r
M r Ca ma— to t he h igh p osit ion of T r e asur e r of t h e G ra n d L odg e
.

of E nglan d .

I n 1 8 7 6 a S c otti sh l odg e N o 5 8 7 I sl am —pr e su m ab ly for th e

, .
,

associ ation of M o ha m m e dan s— was e re ct e d at B o m bay T h e e x .

.

t e n t t o wh ic h F r e e m ason r y i s n ow p ract i c e d by th e H i n d us— wh o

form 7 3 5 p e r c e n t o f the t otal p opu lati on of I n dia — I a m u n ab l e t o
.

d e t e rm i n e T h e fi rst of t h i s class of r e l igi on i sts to fi l l th e c h ai r of a

.

lodg e was M r D utt wh os e e l e ct i on i n 1 8 74 m ay n ot h av e b ee n

.
,

wi t h out i n fl u e n c e i n th e di ff usi on of M aso ni c l ight .

T h e I n di an F r ee mason s fri e n d a p ub li cati on of rar e m e ri t w as

’

, ,

s e t on foot at C alcutta i n 1 8 b ut was sh ort l i v e d A n e w o r s e con d

55
-
,
.

s e ri e s was com m e nc e d i n M ay 1 8 6 1 an d l ast e d t o th e e n d of 1 8 6 7

, ,
.

I n Bo m b ay th e M ason i c R e c ord of W e st e rn I n d ia e nj oys a n e x t e n

,

si v e ci rc ulati on an d is v e ry ab ly co n d uct e d
, .
1 98 4 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

Cc l edes .

was e r e c t e d at M acassar i n 1 8 8 3 u n d er
T he re , , th e G ran d L o dg e
of H ol lan d on e l odg e — A rb e i d A d e lt
,
.

B or n eo .

A n E ngl is h l odg e— E l op ura— was e stabl i sh e d i n N ort h B orn e o ,

in 1 885, at th e stat i on of th e sam e n am e .

T/ze P ai l iyfip i n es .

In 1 t h e r e w e r e four l odg e s i n e x ist e n c e i n t h e se i sl an d s o n e

886 ,

u n d e r th e N ati on al G ra n d O ri e n t an d t h r e e u n d e r th e G ran d L odg e

,

of S pai n T h e l att e r form a P rovi n c e an d ar e su b j e ct t o a P r o

.
,

v i n c i al S u p e ri n t e n d e n t .

i n form s u s t h at A sk e r i —K h an a m bassador of th e S h ah at
T h ory ,

P ari s an d w h o was h i ms e l f ad m i tt e d i n to M ason ry i n t hat c i ty

,

N ov e m b e r 2 4 1 8 0 8 — took cou ns e l wi t h hi s F r e n c h B r e t hr e n r e
,

sp e cti ng th e fou n datio n of a l odg e at I spa han W h e t h e r t h is p r oj .

e c t was e v e r carri e d i nto c flec t i t i s i m p ossi bl e t o say b u t t wo y e ars ,

lat e r w e fin d an ot h e r P e rsi an — al so a n am bassador— fi g u r i ng i n

M ason i c h i story O n J u ne 1 5 1 8 1 0
. H is E x c e ll e n cy M i r z a A b ul
, ,

H assan K h an was grant e d th e ran k of P ast G ran d M ast e r of th e

G ran d L odg e of E ngl an d T h is p e rson ag e— th e M i ni st e r ac cr e di t e d
.

fro m th e C ourt of P e rsia t o t h at of G re at B ritai n — i n ad d i t i on t o

hav i ng b e e n a gr e at trav e l e r b ot h i n H i n d ustan an d A rab ia h ad ,

al so p e rform e d h i s d e voti on s at M e cca I n th e cou rs e of h is j ou r n ey

.

from T e h e ran h e p ass e d th rough G e orgia A rm e n ia an d A n tol ia , , .

A t C on stant i n opl e h e e m b ark e d i n a Bri t i sh man -O f war an d r e ach e d -

,

E ngl an d i n D e c e m b e r 1 8 0 9 , .

S i r G or e O u se ly Bart wh o was s e l e ct e d t o att e n d u p o n th e

, .
,

M i rza as M e h m an d er — an O ffic e r of di sti n cti on w h os e du ty i t i s

‘
,

to r e c e i v e an d e nt e rtai n fore ign p ri n c e s an d ot h e r i l l u stri ous p e rson

ag e s — i n t h e fol l owi ng y e ar ( 1 8 1 0) r e c e i v e d th e ap p oi n t m e n t of
am b assador to th e S hah of P e rsi a a n d was a l so gran t e d an E ngl i sh
,

pat e n t as P rovi nci al G M for t h a t coun try N o l odg e s h ow e v e r

. . .
, ,

w e r e e sta bl i sh e d i n P e rsi a at an y t i m e by t h e G ran d Lodg e of E ng

 FR E E M A S O N R Y IN A S IA 1 98 5

lan d n or— so far as th e e v i d e n c e e x t e n ds— b y any ot h e r e x t e rn al

,

aut hori ty T h e M ir z a A b u l H assan K h an was m ad e a M ason by

.

L ord M oi ra i n 1 8 1 0 T h e e x t e n t of h i s s e rvic e s to th e C raft w e

.

m ust l e av e u n d e ci d e d ; b ut i t was stat e d so m e wh at r e c e n tly i n th e

M aso ni c j ou rn al s on th e auth ority of a P e rsian m il i tary o ffi c e r t h e n
,

p ursu i ng h i s stu di e s i n B e rl i n t hat n e arly al l th e m e m b e rs of t he

,

C ourt Of T e h e ran a r e B r e th r e n of ou r S oci e ty .

Tne S tr a i ts S ettl em en ts .

T h e D uk e of A th ol l e stabl i sh e d N e ptu n e L odge N o 3 44 at , .

,

P e n ang ( or P ri n c e of W al e s I sl an d ) b y Warran t S e p t e m b e r 6 1 8 0 9 , ,

wh ic h b e cam e e x ti n ct i n 1 8 1 9 T h r e e y e ars su bs e q u e ntly a m i l i ta ry

.

l odg e — H u m an i ty wi t h C ou rag e— was warran t e d fro m B e ngal .

T h i s b ody h ow e v e r havi ng b e com e i rr e gul ar by th e i n i tiat i on of

, ,

ci vil ian s t h e D uk e of S uss e x r e n e w e d th e C hart e r of th e A t holl

,

L odg e w h ic h h av i ng fl ouri sh e d for a ti m e e v e n tually f e l l i nto

, , ,

d e cay an d w as e ras e d t og e t h e r w it h an ot h e r l odg e N e p tu n e

, ,

al so at P e n ang— e r e ct e d i n 1 8 5 0— N o 8 46 on th e E ngl i sh roll .

,

M arc h 5 1 8 6 2 , T h e on ly l odg e n ow e x i sti ng i n t h is s e ttl e m e n t

.

i s N o 1 5 5 5 warran t e d by th e G ran d L odg e of E nglan d i n 1 8 7 5

.
, .

I n M al acca a l odg e was for m e d un d e r th e P rov G ran d Lodg e

, .

o f B e ngal i n 1 8 2 5 w h ic h n e v e r s e cu r e d a plac e on th e g e n e ral l i st

, .

I n S i ngap or e E ngl i sh l odg e s w e r e e stabl i sh e d i n 1 8 4 5 1 8 5 8 an d

, , ,

1 86 7 , n am e d Z e tl an d i n th e E ast F i d e li ty an d S t G e org e N os , , .
, .

74 8 1 0 4 2 an d 1 1 5 2 r e sp e ct i v e l y
, , O f t h e s e t h e fi rst a n d l ast su r
.

vi v e an d tog e t h e r wi t h th e l odg e at P e n ang com pos e th e p rovi nc e

, , ,

of th e E ast e rn A rc h i p e l ago of w hi c h M r W H R e ad was ap , . . .

p oi nt e d th e fi rst P rov G M i n 1 8 5 8 . . . .

Cocni n Cai n a .

In t h i s F r e n c h d e p e n d e n cy a l odg e— Le R e v e il d e l ,
’

O r ie n t
w as e stabl i sh e d by Warran t o f th e G ran d O ri e n t of F ranc e ,
O ctob e r 2 2 1 8 6 8 , .

Cni n a .

D uri ng th e l ast c e n tu ry two l odg e s of for e ign origi n w e r e c on

”
— “
stit ut e d i n th e Ce l e st ial E m pi r e th e l odge of A m i ty N o 40 7 , .
,

un d e r an E ngl i sh an d E l i z ab e t h un d e r a S w e d ish Warran t T h e

, , .

1 25
1 98 6 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

form e r w as e r e ct e d i n 1 7 6 7 th e l att e r i n 1 7 8 8 ; a n d i n ea c h c ase

.

th e pl ac e O f ass e m bly w a s C a nt o n T h e E ngl ish l odg e was n ot .

”
carri e d forwar d at th e u n i on an d E l i z ab e t h as we ar e l n ,

f orm e d by th e G ra n d S e cr e t a ry of S w e d e n cam e t o a n e n d i n 1 8 1 2 , .

T h e n e x t l odg e e r e ct e d on C h i n e s e soi l was th e R oyal S uss e x ,

N o 7 3 5 at Can ton for w h i c h a Warran t was gran t e d by t h e

.
, ,

U n it e d G L of E ngl an d i n 1 8 44
. . A s e con d Z e tl an d N o 7 6 8 .
, .

w a s e stabl i sh e d at H ong K ong u n d e r t h e sam e sancti o n i n 1 8 4 6

-
,

and a t h i rd — N ort h e r n L odg e of C h i n a— a t S hangh ai i n 1 8 49 , .

N o fu rt h e r i ncr e as e of L odg e s t ook pl ac e u nt i l 1 8 6 4 i n w h i c h y e a r ,

t wo w e r e ad d e d t o th e E ngli sh rol l at H ong K ong a n d S hangh ai ,

-

r e sp e cti v ely ; an d o ne e ach at th e latt e r p ort u n d e r th e G ran d

L odg e s of S cotl an d an d M assac h u s e tts T h e p rogr e ss of t h e craft .

“
i n th e M i ddl e K i ngd om h as si n c e b ee n m ark e d b ut u n e v e nt fu l , ,

t h ough as y e t Fr e e masonry h as fai l e d t o di ff us e i ts l igh t b eyo n d th e

B ri t ish C ol o ny of H ong K ong an d th e v ari ous p o r t s of th e m ai n
-
,

lan d op e n e d u p by t r e aty t o th e m e rch ants of for e ign p ow e rs M r . .

S am u e l R awson was ap p oi nt e d by L ord Z e tlan d P rov G M for . . .

C h i n a i n 1 8 4 7 ; an d a s e c on d P rovi nc e w a s c a r v e d out of th e ol d
on e i n 1 8 7 7 by t h e app oi n t m e n t of M r C orn e l i u s T h o m e as D i s
, .

tr ic t G M for N o rt h e rn C h i n a
. . .

I n 1 8 8 6 th e re w e r e i n e xi st e nc e at V i ctori a ( H ong K ong) a n d -

th e C h i n e s e tr e aty p orts t h i rt ee n E ngl i sh o n e A m e ri ca n an d four

-
, ,

S cottish L odg e s ; an d wi th a sol itary e xc e p ti o n— N o 1 2 1 7 at .

,

N i ngp o form e d i n 1 8 6 8 u n d e r th e G ran d L odg e o f E nglan d b u t

, , ,

n ow e xt i nct — all t he l odge s e r e ct e d i n C h i n a or H ong K ong s i n c e -

t h e r e vi val of M asonry i n th e Fa r E ast

( 1 8 44) w e r e sti l l a cti ve ,

an d can th e r e for e b e trac e d i n th e cal e n dars of cu rre n t dat e by

th os e d e si ro us O f fu rt h e r i n form ati o n r e sp e ct i ng t h e m .

Yaj fia n .

E ngl i sh Lodg e s b e ari ng th e fol l owi ng n u m b e rs w e re e r e ct ed

at Y ok oh ama — 1 0 92 an d 1 2 6 3 — i n 1 8 6 6 an d 1 8 6 9 ; at Y e do ( n ow
e x ti nct — 1 4 —i h 1 8 0 at K ob e — I O I — i n 1 8 2 ; an d at T ok i o
) 3 4 7 ; 4 7
2 0 1 — in 1 883 T h e s e a r e su bj e ct t o a P rov G M w h o w as
5 . . . .
,

ap poi nt e d i n 1 8 7 3 .

“
T h e r e a r e also t h r e e l odg e s un d e r th e G ran d Lodg e of S cot l a n d
N os 498 6 40 a n d 7 1 0 — at K ob e Y o k o ham a an d N ag as aki
”
.
, , , , .
1 98 8 H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

th e t h r ee co m p e ti ng j uri sdi ct i on s C o m m e nci ng wi t h t hat of E n g

.

lan d b e tw e e n t h e dat e to w hi c h t h e stati st ics w e r e last giv e n ( 1 8 6 0 )

down to th e cl os e of 1 8 8 5 si x ty two l odg e s w e re add e d t o t h e rol l
,
-
.

T h e n u m b e r at pr e s e n t e x i sti ng i n S out h A frica as sh own by th e ,

o ffic ial cal e n d ar of c u rre n t dat e i s fi fty fou r v i z E ast e r n D i vi si on

,
-
, .
,

tw e n ty four ; W e st e rn D i vi sion e igh t ; N atal e l e v e n ; an d e l e v e n

-
, ,

n ot subj e ct t o any p rovi n cial aut h ori ty som e of w h i c h w e r e form e rly ,

u n d e r th e D istrict G ran d Lodg e of G ri qu alan d ( n ow ab ol ish e d) ,

a n d tw o N o 1 0 2 2 at Bl o e m fon t e i n (O rang e F r ee S tat e) a n d 1 74 7

, .
, , ,

at P r e tori a (T ran svaal ) ar e si tuat e i n for e ign t e rri tory Wi t h i n t h e

, .

sam e p e ri od ( 1 8 6 0 8 5 ) tw e l v e l odg e s h av e b e e n e stabl i sh e d u n d e r

-

t h e G ran d L odg e of S cotl an d an d n ow co m p os e a M ason i c D i st rict

,

( or P rovi nc e ) T h e D utc h M ason i c Cal e n dar for 1 8 8 6 sh ows

.

t w e n ty four l odg e s as e x isti ng i n S ou t h A fri ca O f t h e s e as

-
.
,

al r e ady r e lat e d two w e r e e r e ct e d b e for e 1 8 0 3 an d t h r e e i n 1 8 6 3

, , .

T h e lat e st on t h e pr e s e n t l ist dat e s fro m 1 8 8 4 T h e s e l odg e s a r e .

d i st ri b ut e d t h rough out t h e B ri ti sh p oss e ssi on s an d t h e d i ff e r e n t ,

Bo e r R e p ub l i cs as fol l ows v i z
, I n British S o ut h A fri ca S i x t e e n ;
, .
,

i n th e O rang e F r e e S tat e four ; an d i n t h e T ransvaal fou r ; an d

, ,

at th e h e ad of al l i s a D e puty N at i onal G M M r J H H of . .
, . . .

m e i sr at Cap e T own
, .

B e tw ee n t h e E ngl i sh an d D utc h M ason s at t h e Cap e t h e r e ,

h av e al ways b e e n th e m ost fri e n d ly r e l ati o ns I n 1 8 6 3 th e D G L . . . .

u nd e r E ngl an d was r e e r e ct e d an d th e r e assi st e d at i ts r e i n augu ra

-
,
-

ti on th e D e puty G M u n d e r th e G ran d Lodg e of th e N e t h e rlan ds

. .

’
.

A n d th e D u tc h F rat e rn ity p l ac e d th e i r M ason i c H al l at t h e d i s

p osal of t h e E ngl i sh B r e t h r e n F or a l ong ti m e i t w as th e custom
.

on S t J oh n s D ay for th e E ngl i sh an d D utc h M ason s t o ass e m bl e

.
’

at di ff e r e n t h ours of th e day so t hat th e B r e t h r e n m igh t b e pr e s e n t

at b ot h m e e ti ngs O n J u n e 5 1 8 6 7 th e re was stat e d at a c o m m u
.
, ,

n i c a ti on of t h e G ran d Lodg e of E ngl an d t h at r e c e n tly an O bj e cti on

h as b e e n rais e d by som e of th e you ng e r E ngl i sh M ason s agai n st t h e
e stab l i sh m e nt of som e n e w L odg e s lat e ly form e d by th e D utc h o n ,

th e grou nd t hat th e C o n v e n ti on of 1 7 70 proh i bi ts t h e i r doi n g so ,

th e Ca p e n ow b e i ng an E ngl i sh p oss e ssi on an d h av i ng b ee n so ,

si nc e t h e e arl y part of t h e p r e s e n t c e nt ury I n t h i s V i e w th e D is .

,

tri e t G ran d L odg e d o e s not s e e m t o parti ci pat e T h at b ody i s .

an x i ou s t hat t h e a m i ca bl e r e lati on s t h at h av e so l ong su bsi st e d

b e tw e e n t h e E ngl i sh and D utc h M a sons should cont i n u e .
 FR E E M A S O N R Y IN A F R I CA 1 98 9

A ft e r s e tti ng th e for e goi ng facts b e for e th e G ran d L odg e th e ,

G ran d R e gistrar e x pr e ss e d an O p i n i on th at wh at e v e r m ig ht h av e
b ee n th e i n t e nt i on of th e C onv e n ti o n o f 1 7 70 i t h ad n ot be e n act e d
,

on i n th e C ap e C ol ony b u t t hat th e G M of E nglan d by ap p oi n t

, . .
,

i ng th e D e p uty G M of th e N e t h e rlan ds t o b e h i s P rov G M

. . . . .

ov e r E ngl is h L odg e s virtual ly r e cogn i z e d th e D u tc h Lodge s I t

, .

m u st be tak e n for grant e d th at bot h th e contracti ng parti e s h av e

taci tly con se n t e d t hat i t sh ou l d n ot ap ply to th e Cap e H e w as.

of opi ni on th at as b ot h parti e s s e e m t o h av e c on si d e r e d t h at th e
Cap e w as n e u tral grou n d an d th e e x i st e nc e of tw o G ran d L odg e s
,

h avi ng b e e n all ow e d t o con ti n u e si d e by si d e i t woul d b e for th e

,

b e n e fi t o f th e Br e t h r e n i n th at C ol ony t hat as t h e y h av e go n e on
,
”
work i ng as fri e n ds an d b roth e rs t h e y sh oul d con ti n u e t o do so
, . A
re soluti on e m b odyi ng th e for e go i ng was t h e n pu t an d u nan i m ou sl y
a dop t e d.
 CH A P T E R V
A U S T R A LA S A I

N ew S ou l /t l/Va l es .

H E L odg e of S ocial a n d M i l i tary V irt u e s— N o .

2 2 7 on t h e rol l of th e G ran d Lodg e o f I r e l an d

attac h e d to th e 46 th F oot i n 1 7 5 2 aft e r u n d e r ,

goi ng m any v i ci ssi tu d e s was at work i n th e ,

sam e r e gi m e n t at S yd n e y i n 1 8 1 6 T h i s pav e d .

t h e way for th e e stabl ish m e nt of stati on ary

l odg e s an d I ri sh warran t s w e r e i ssu e d t o N os

, .

2 60, A ust ral ia n S oci al i n 1 8 2 0 an d 2 6 6 L e i nst e r i n 1 8 2 4

, , T he
, , .

t hi rd ( stri ctly col on i al ) l odg e N o 8 2 0 A ustral i a was e re ct e d by

, .
, ,

th e G ran d L odg e of E nglan d i n 1 8 2 8 T h e l ast n am e d as w e l l as

.
,

t h e I ri sh l odg e s m e t at S y dn e y th e cap i tal

, , T h e first e stabl i sh e d .

i n any oth e r part of th e Col ony was N o 6 6 8 S t J oh n c onsti tut e d .

, .
,

at P aram atta i n 1 8 3 8 an d th e s e con d N o 6 97 th e L odg e of A u s

, , .
,

t r a li a F e l i x at M e l b ou rn e — t h e n i n cl ud e d i n th e gov e rn m e n t of
,

N e w S ou th W al e s — 1 8 4 1 A n I ri sh l odg e — N o 2 7 5 — was e r e ct e d
. .

at W i nd sor i n 1 8 43 an d i n th e sa m e y e ar N o 40 8 A u stral asi an

, ,
.
,

K i l wi n n i ng at M e l b ourn e r e c e i v e d a C h art e r from t h e G ran d

, ,

Lodg e of S cotl an d .

D uri ng th e two d e c e n n ial p e ri od s e n sui ng t h e r e w e r e i ssu e d ,

i n t h e C ol ony t w e n ty o n e E ngl i sh e igh t S c otti sh a n d two I ri sh

-
, ,

l odg e s B e t w ee n 1 8 6 4—8 5 t h e r e w e r e a d d e d forty s e v e n E ngl i sh

.
-
,

forty o n e S cot ti sh an d four I ri sh l odg e s U p t o 1 8 8 6 t h e r e w e r e

-
, .

s e v e n ty four E ngl i sh o n e I ri sh an d fi fty S cotti sh acti v e l odg e s

-
, , .

I n 1 8 3 9 an E ngl i sh P rovi n ci al G ran d M ast e r w as a pp oi n t e d an d ,

o n e for t h e G ran d L odg e of S cotla n d i n 1 8 5 5 an d t hat of I r e l an d ,

in 1858 .

W hi l e th e q u e sti on o f s e parati on fro m th e M oth e r G ran d

L odg e s was fi rst form e rly m oot e d i n V i ct oria sti l l for som e y e ars , ,

at l e ast th e r e h ad e x i st e d i n S yd n e y a body S tyl i ng i ts e l f th e

,
‘

G ran d L odg e of N e w S out h Wal e s form e d from t h e gr e at

’

,
1 990
1 99? H IS TO R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

Th e new org an i z ati o n a t th e cl os e of 1 8 8 5 h ad b e e n re c og

, ,

n iz e d as th e on ly r e gul ar gov e rn i ng M asoni c b ody i n t h e C ol on y of

t h i rty e igh t G ran d L odg e s c h i e fl y h ow e v e r A m e ri ca n T h e re

-
, , , .

s ee m s i n d e e d i n th e U n i t e d S tat e s a d e ci d e d i nc l i n at i on t o r e gard
, ,

e ac h u pri si ng of th e l odg e s i n a B ri tis h col ony as a tri bu t e t o t h e

e ffi cacy of a c e rtai n d octri n e wh i c h h as b ee n l ai d d own by D r .

M ack e y wit h r e gard t o th e for m at i on o f G ran d Lodg e s B u t t h ose .

A m e ri can j uri sdi cti on s w h i c h hav e l e n t a wi l l i ng e a r t o th e sp e c i ous

r e p re s e n tati ons o f th e G ran d L odg e of N e w S ou t h Wal e s a r e n ow
ru n n i ng th e gau n tl e t of i nt e l l ig e n t c ri ti ci sm an d th e se v e ral co m ,

m ittee s by w h om t h ey ha v e b e e n h oo dwi n k e d or m i sl e d m ay r e ad ,

wi t h profit som e of th e r e p orts on co rr e sp on d e nc e i n th e l arg e r

S tat e s n ota bl y I l l i n oi s P e n nsyl van i a an d N e w Y ork wh e r e th e
, , , , ,

u naccoun ta bl e d e l u si o n i nto wh i c h so m an y G ran d L odg e s h av e

fal l e n is d i sc uss e d w i t h e qu al c an d or an d ab il i ty I t i s al m ost n e e d .

l e ss to say t hat a G ran d L odg e t h us con sti tu t e d by a sm al l m i n ori ty

of th e l odg e s i n N e w S outh Wal e s h as b ee n r e fus e d r e cogn i ti on by
,

th e G ran d L odg e s of t h e B ri ti sh I sland s .

Vi ctor i a .

The l odg e s o f A u stral i a F e l i x an d of A ustralasi a ( n ow N 0 5 4 74 .

a n d 5 3 0) w e r e e stabl i sh e d at M e l b ou rn e by th e G ran d Lodg e of

E ngl an d i n 1 8 4 1 an d 1 8 4 6 r e sp e ct i v e ly S cotti sh M ason ry o btai n e d .

— “
a footi ng i n th e sa m e ci ty w i t h A ust ral asia n K i l wi n n i ng — in
1 84 an d an I ri sh l odg e — H i ram N o — was al so c h art e r e d
3 ; 3 49 , .

th e r e i n 1 8 4 7 I n th e sa m e y e ar a t h i rd E ngl i sh ap par e n tly t h e

.
,

fi ft h V i ctori an l odg e — U n i ty an d P ru d e n c e N O 8 0 1 — was con

, , .

st i t ut e d at G e e l ong A ft e r t h i s th e Craft ad van c e d i n prosp e ri ty by

.

l e aps an d bou n d s T h i rty si x E ngl i sh l odg e s w e re a dd e d t o th e

.
-

l i st b e tw ee n 1 8 47 an d th e cl ose of 1 8 6 2 ; t w e nty e igh t d uri ng th e

“

e nsui ng t h irt ee n y e ars an d tw e n ty wi t h i n t h e d e c e n n i al p e ri od c o m

,

m e n c i n g J an uary 1 1 8 7 6 , D uri ng corr e spon d i ng i n t e rval s of ti m e

.
,

t h e I ri sh warran ts gran t e d i n t h e col ony w e r e r e sp e ct i v e ly tw e l v e ,

s e v e n an d t h r e e ; an d t h e S c otti sh t h r e e e ac h i n th e fi rst t wo
, ,

p e ri od s an d two i n t h e l ast
, .

T h e first P rovi n c ial G M of V i ctori a (or A u stral i a F e l i x ) w a s

. .

t h e H o n J E M urra y T h e dat e of h i s ap p oi nt m e n t by th e G ran d

. . . .

L odg e of S c otlan d has n ot b e e n r e c ord e d b u t h e was succ e e d e d b V ,

 FR E E M A S O N R Y IN A U S T R A LA S I A I9
93

M r .
J . Hugust 3 1 8 46 Th e p re s e n t D i stri ct G M
. R oss , A , . . .

i s S ir W J C l ark e wh o r e c e i v e d h i s S cott i sh pat e n t i n 1 8 8 3

. .
,

E ngl i sh an d I ris h P rovi nc e s w e r e e sta b l i sh e d i n 1 8 5 5 an d 1 8 5 6

r e sp e ct i v e ly an d th e foll owi ng h as b ee n th e succ e ssi on of E ngl ish
,

P rovi n c i al ( n ow D istrict ) G ran d M ast e rs : C aptai n ( n ow M aj or

G e n e ral S i r A n dr e w ) C lark e 1 8 5 5 C aptai n F C S tan d i sh 1 8 6 1 , . .
,

an d S i r W J C l ark e 1 8 8 3 . T h e rul e rs of th e I r ish P rovi n c e

.
, .

h av e b e e n M r J T S m i t h 1 8 5 6 —79 ; an d from 1 8 8 0 S ir W J
. . .
, , . .

C lark e .

T h e l odg e s n ow at work u n d e r th e t h r e e j ur i sdi cti on s al l of ,

w h ic h h ow e v e r ar e i n a m an n e r u n i t e d u n d e r a si ngl e P rovi n ci al
, ,

G M a r e : E ngli sh n i n e ty o ne ; I rish s e v e nt ee n ; an d S cott i sh

. .
, ,
-
, ,

tw e l v e ( i n cl ud i ng o n e i n L e vuka F ij i ) , .

T h e i d e a of form i ng a n i n d e p e n d e nt G ran d Lodg e of V i ct ori a

s e e ms t o h av e b ee n first l au nc h e d i n 1 8 6 3 a n d aft e r e n c ou nt e ri ng ,

th e op p o si ti on of th e E arl of Z e tl an d w as d e bat e d — M arc h 2 1 8 6 4 , ,

—i n th e G ran d L odg e of E ngl an d by wh i c h b ody a r e sol ut i o n was ,

“
passe d d e cl ari ng i t s strong d i sap prob ati on of th e cont e m pl at e d
s e c e ssi on I t w as obs e rv e d i n p r i ec i en t t e rm s by th e l at e J oh n
.

H av e rs t h at e v e ry n e w G ran d L odg e w a s t h e for e run n e r of n e w

,

an d con fl ict i ng d egr ee s I t was a ston e p ul l e d away fro m th e foun .

dati on s of M ason r y an d op e n e d an oth e r d oor for i n road s an d i n n o

,

v at i o n s an d h e e x h ort e d th e B r e t h r e n i n V i ctor i a t o r e m e m b e r
t h at u n i on was str e ngt h an d u ni v e rsal i ty o n e of th e watc h words of,
”
M ason ry .

I n 1 8 7 6 th e agitati on for a local G ran d L odg e w a s r e n e w e d b u t ,

agai n sl u m b e r e d u n ti l 1 8 8 3 wh e n th e sch e m e w as fai rly carri e d i n t o ,

e ff e ct by an i n sign i fi can t m i n ority of t h e l odg e s .

I n th e latt e r y e ar a m ee t i ng w a s h e l d an d a M ason i c U n i on o f ,

V i ctori a for m e d A pri l 2 7 A t t h i s t i m e th e r e w e r e se v e n ty E ng

, .

l ish fi ft e e n I r i sh an d te n S cotti sh l odg e s i n th e col ony— t otal

, , ,

n i n e ty fi v e O n J u n e 1 9th c e rtai n d e l e gat e s m e t a n d th e ad h e si on

-
.
,

of e i g ht e e n l odg e s — t w e l v e I ri sh fi ve S cotti sh an d o n e E ngl i sh t o , , ,

th e cau s e w as an n ou n c e d B ut t h e n u m b e r h as si n c e b ee n r e d uc e d
.

by th e su b tract i on of th e E ngl i sh l odg e an d on e ot h e r wh i c h w e r e ,

e rron e ously n am e d i n t h e proc e e di ngs By t h i s i n v e n ti on i t was .

“
r e sol v e d t h at the dat e of fou n di ng th e G ran d L odg e of V i ct ori a
sh oul d b e J uly 2 1 8 8 3 T h us w e fi n d si x t e e n l odg e s wi t h a n e st i
, .
,

m at e d m e m b e rsh ip of abou t e igh t h u n dr e d an d forty cal m ly tran s ,

1 994 H IS TO R Y OF FR E E M A S O N R Y
’

form i ng th e i n se l v e s i n to t h e gov e rn i ng body of a t e rri tory co n tai n

in n i n e ty fi v e l odg e s an d a m e m b e rshi p of fi v e t h ousan d !
g
-
,

T h is org a n i z ati o n has a foll owi n g of a bou t tw e n ty su bord i n at e

l odg e s ; a n d as th e proc e e d i ngs of som e G ra nd Lodg e s ba ffl e al l
r e a son a bl e c onj e ct u r e i t wi ll occasi o n no surp ri s e t o l e arn t hat by
,

s e v e n t e e n of th e s e bod i e s t h e t i tular G ra n d Lodg e of V i c tori a

“

h a d b e e n d uly r e cogn i z e d at t h e c l os e of 1 8 8 5 as th e su pr e m e ,

M ason ic au t h ori ty i n th i s A ustral ian col ony A t t h e sa m e dat e .

M r C op p i n e n t e r e d u p on th e s e con d y e ar of h i s G ra n d M ast e rsh i p

.
,

havi ng b ee n i nstall e d — N ov e m b e r 4th —i h th e pr e s e nc e of t h e

G r a n d M ast e rs of N e w S ou t h Wal e s an d S out h A ustral i a .

M e anwhi l e h ow e v e r t h e E ngl i sh I ri sh an d S cotti sh l o d g e s

, , , , ,

wh i c h hav e r e m ai n e d tru e t o t h e i r form e r all e gi an c e ar e u n i t e d i n a ,

sol i d p h alan x u n d e r a S i ngl e P rovi n cial ( or D istrict ) G M — S ir W . . .

J C lark e ; an d sh oul d t h e day arri v e w h e n i n d e p e n d e n c e i s con

.

s ti tu ti o n a lly ass e rt e d by th e c e n tu ry a n d m or e of l odg e s w h ic h o b e y

thi s co m m o n c h i e f t h os e bodi e s by wh o m th e s oi d i s a n t G ra n d
,
-

Lodg e has b e e n accord e d r e cogn i ti on wi l l fi n d th e ms e l v e s c on

,

front e d by a n i n t e r e sti ng p robl e m n ot u n l ik e t h at propou n d e d w it h

,

so m uc h dra mati c e ff e ct by th e l at e M r S O t ll Cl n i n th e r Ol e o f Lord

.
‘

D u n d r e ary v i a, ,
\V h e t h e r i t i s th e dog t hat wags i ts tail or th e ,

tai l t hat wags t h e d og ?

S ou t/i A u s tr a l i a .

T h e S out h A u st ral ia n Lodg e o f F ri e n d sh i p A d e l ai d e N o 6 1 3 , , .

(a n d l at e r N o
, . o n th e rol l of th e G ran d L odg e O f E ngl an d ,

wa s con stit ut e d at t h e B ri ti sh m e trop ol is i n 1 8 3 4 T h e fou n d e rs .

we r e a l l i n L o n don at th e ti m e an d two p e rson s— aft e r w a rd S i r

,

J oh n M o rph e tt P r e si d e n t o f th e Le gi sl at i v e C ou nc i l a n d S i r D
,
.

, .

R H an s e n C h i e f J ustic e of t h e col ony w e r e i n i tiat e d

.
, , A s e c on d .

E ngl i sh l odg e was e stabl ish e d at A d e l ai d e i n 1 8 44 a n d i n th e sam e ,

y e ar al so at th e cap ital 21 S cottish o n e

, , .

I n 1 8 5 5 t he fi rst I ris h C hart e r was r e c e i v e d i n th e c ol on y an d ,

i n 1 8 8 3 t h e t ot a l n u m b e r of l odg e s form e d i n S ou th A ustral i a w a s

as fol l ows E ngl i sh t w e n ty ac ti v e o n e e x ti nc t ; I rish s e v e n act i v e
, , , ,

t hr e e e x ti nct a n d S cotti sh si x a ll act i v e

, , .

T h e i n i tiati v e i n formi ng a P rov i n c e was tak e n by S cotl a n d i n

1 8 46 a st e p fol low e d by E ngl a n d i n 1 8 48 an d I r e l an d i n 1 8 6 0
, , .

I n 1 8 8 3 t h e r e w e r e pr e m on i tory sy m ptom s t hat th e l am e ntabl e

1 996 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

Qu een s l a nd .

T h e N ort h A u stral ian L odge stabl i sh e d at B r i sban e b y was e

th e G ran d Lodge O f E ngl an d i n 1 8 5 9 a n d two oth e rs u n d e r I ri sh ,

an d S cotti sh warran ts r e sp e ct i v e ly w e r e c on sti tut e d at the sam e ,

t ow n i n 1 8 6 4 .

E ac h j u ri sd icti on i s r e p r e s e nt e d by a P rov i n ci al ( or D istrict )

G M an d th e n u m b e r of l odg e s i s as fol l ows : E ngl i sh t w e nty si x
. .
, ,
-

ac ti v e tw o e x ti n ct ; I ri sh e l e v e n acti v e t h ree e x t i nct ; an d S cot

, , ,

tis h , tw e l v e al l acti v e , .

Wes t A u s tr a l i a .

E igh t l odge s i n al l h ave b ee n form e d i n t hi s c ol ony th e fi rst of ,

w h i c h S t J oh n N O 7 1 2 — was e r e c t e d at P e rt h i n 1 8 4 2 S e v e n
-
.
, . .

of t h e s e s u rvi v e an d b e i ng i n cl u de d i n n o P rovi nc e r e port d i r e ct to

, ,

the G ran d L odg e of E ngl and w hi c h i n t h i s sol itary i nstanc e h as n ot

,

su ff e r e d from th e e xe r c i s e of c onc urr e n t j u risdi cti o n b y ot h e r G ran d

B odi es .

Ta s m a n i a .

Lodge s u n d e r th e G ran d Lodg e of I r e la n d w e r e e sta bl i sh e d

at H ob art T own i n 1 8 2 3 , 1 8 2 9, 1 8 3 3 , an d 1 8 3 4, b ut th e t h r ee e a r
l i e st of th e s e ri e s ar e n ow e x ti nct A fou rt h l odge u n d e r t h e .

sam e san ct i on was c onsti tut e d at L au nc e ston i n 1 8 43 an d i t was ,

n ot u n t i l 1 8 46 t h at E ngl ish M asonry ob tai n e d a footi ng on th e

i sl an d I n t hat y e ar T asm an ia n U n i on N o 7 8 1 was form e d at
.
, .
,

H obart T own , an d a s e con d E ngl i sh l odg e — H op e — sprang u p ( i n

th e fi rst i n stanc e u n d e r a d i sp e nsati on from S yd n e y) i n 1 8 5 2 In .

th e fol l owi ng y e ar th e R e v R K E wi ng b e ca m e th e M ast e r of th e

. . .

l att e r an d i n 1 8 5 6 t h e l odg e s of F ai th an d C hari ty w e r e carv e d ou t

,

of i t— M r E wi ng t h e n b e com i ng o n t h e i r j oi n t p e ti ti on P rov
.
, , .

G M
. . Th e ot h e r E ngl i sh l odg e — T asma n ian U n i on — o bj e cti ng t o
t h e s e proc ee d i ngs as havi ng b e e n carri e d on cl an d e st i n e ly was su s
, ,

p e n d e d by th e P rov G M a n d r e mai n e d clos e d fo r n i n e m on th s

. . .
, .

T h e stri f e t h us e n g e n d e r e d n e arl y put an e n d to E ngl i sh M ason ry

i n L aunc e st on Lodge fai t h b e cam e dorm ant C hari ty was v o l u n
.
,

tar i ly wou n d up an d e v e n i n H op e th e l igh t al m ost w e n t o ut

,
.

S oon h ow e v e r t h e r e was a r e vi val an d i n 1 8 7 6 t h e G ran d Lodg e of

, , ,

S cotl an d also b e gan t o c h art e r l odg e s on t h e i slan d wh e r e t h e r e a r e ,

 A U S T R A LA S I A 1 997

n ow four i n e x i st e nc e u n d e r i ts j uri sdict i on T h es e ar e i n cl u d e d i n

.

th e P rov i nc e of N e w S outh Wal e s T h e G ran d Lodg e s O f E n g

.

l an d an d I r e l an d h av e e ac h a rol l of s e v e n l odg e s on t h e i sla n d o n e ,

u n d e r th e form e r body an d four u n d e r t h e latt e r h avi ng surr e n d e r e d

, ,

t h e i r ch art e rs T h e E ngl i sh P rov G ran d L odg e di e d a n atu ral d e at h

. .

on th e r e m oval of M r E wi ng t o V i ctoria b ut a n e w on e was e stab

.
,

l is h e d u n d e r M r W S H am m on d i n 1 8 7 5 ;
. . . T h e I rish l odg e s w e r e
con stitut e d i nt o a P rovi n c e i n 1 88 4 .

N ew Z ea l a n d .

Th e fi rst l odg e i n th e C ol ony — F ran cais e P ri m i ti v e A n ti p o

di e n n e— w as fou n d e d at A k aroa by th e S upr e m e C ou n ci l of F ran c e ,

A ugust 2 9 1 8 43 ; th e s e c on d — A r a — at A uck lan d by th e G ran d

, ,

Lodg e of I r e l an d i n 1 8 44 ; a n d th e t h ird — N e w Z e al an d P a c i fi c — b y
t h e G ran d L odg e of E nglan d i n 1 8 4 5 N o furt h e r c hart e rs w e r e
.

i ssu e d u n ti l 1 8 5 2 wh e n E ngl i sh l odg e s w e re e stab l i sh e d i n Ly tte l

,

t on an d C hri stc hu rch w h i lst ot h e rs sprang u p at N e w P ly m out h

, ,

a n d A u cklan d i n 1 8 5 6 at W angan u i i n 1 8 5 7 an d at N e l son an d

, ,

K ai a p o i i n 1 8 5 8. I n th e l att e r y e ar an I ri sh l odg e (th e s e co nd i n

th e C olony) was form e d at N ap i e r an d i n 1 8 6 0 an E ngl i sh o n e at
,

D un e d i n — w h e r e al so th e firs t S cot ti sh l odg e was e r e ct e d i n 1 8 6 1 .

A ft e r th i s th e di ff u si on of M ason ry t h rough out N e w Z e al an d b e cam e

so g e n e ral t h at I m u st c on t e n t mys e l f w i t h gi v i ng th e bar e st stat i s
,

t i cs w h ic h for c on v e n i e nc e sak e wil l b e cl assi fi e d so as to barm o

, , ,

n i z e as far as p ossi bl e wit h th e P rov i n c i al syst e m s of t h e t h r e e c om

p e t i ng j u risdi cti on s B e tw e e n 1 8 6 0 an d 1 8 7 5 t h e r e w e r e warrant e d

.

i n th e C ol ony t w e n ty fi v e E ngl i sh e igh t I ri sh an d t w e n ty on e S cot

-
, ,
-

t i sh l odg e s ; w h i l e i n th e te n y e ars e n di n g J an u ar y I 1 8 8 6 th e n u m , ,

b e rs w e r e r e sp e cti v e ly forty s e v e n s e v e n an d t h i rty two

-
, ,
-
.

T h e l odg e s i n N e w Z e al an d ar e u sually cl assi fi e d accordi ng t o th e

M ason ic P rovi nc e s of w hi c h t h e y form a part O f th e l att e r t h e r e
.

ar e fi v e E n gl i sh an d t hr e e S cott ish of l at e y e ars dom i nat e d D i stri cts

, ,

i n ord e r to di sti ngu i sh t h e m from b odi e s of a l ik e c h aract e r i n G r e at

B ri tai n an d on e I ri sh to w h i c h th e m or e fa m i l i ar t itl e of P rovi n
,

c i al G ran d L odg e is sti l l ap pl i e d T h e s e pr e l i m i nari e s it wi l l b e

.

ne c e ssary t o b e ar i n m i n d b e caus e th e arrang e m e n t wh i c h s e e m s t o

,

m e th e si m pl e st a n d b e st i s t o grou p th e l odg e s acc ordi ng t o t h e ir

,

p osi ti on s on th e map whi c h i n t h e pr e se n t cas e wi ll corr e sp on d v e ry

,
1 998 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

clos e l y wi t h th e te tr itor ial c lassi ficat i on or di vi si on i nt o , D i stri ct s,

by th e G ran d L odg e of E nglan d .

I Vor t/z I s l a n d .

A u ckl a n d D i s tr i c t — T h e D istr ic t ( or P rov i n ci al ) G ra n d M as

t e rs are M r . G . S G ra ha m
. an d M r G S i r F \V h itak e r . . .

P P i e rc e ( I ) wh il st th e n u m b e r of l odg e s u n d e r t h e s e v e ral j uris

. .

d icti on s i s e igh t e e n u n d e r t h e G L of E ngl an d a n d si x e ac h u nd e r

. .
,

t hos e of S cotlan d an d I re la nd t hat i s i f tak e n accord i ng t o l ocal i ty

, , ,

for al l th e S cottis h l odg e s o n th e N orth I sl an d ar e com p ris e d wi th i n

t h e A ucklan d D istri ct an d th e w hol e of th e I ri sh l odg e s i n b ot h
,

i slan ds wi th i n th e A uckl an d P rovi n c e .

Wel l i ng ton D i s tr i ct — T h e o nly D G M i s M r C J T o x . . . . . .

ward ( E ) a n d th e n um b e r of l odg e s i s r e sp e ct i v e l y e igh t e e n

.

e igh t
( 8 ) an d four ( I ) .

M i ddl e , or S on t/z , I s l a n d .

Ca n ter ou r y D i s tr i ct — T h e D G
’
nry T h om so n . . M . S ar e M r . H e

( )
E an d t h e R ev J am es H i l l . wh o ru l e ov e r n i n e t e e n a n d

n i n e l odg e s r e sp e cti v e ly T h e s e at of gov e rn m e nt i s at C hri st

.

ch u rc h w h e r e th e re i s also an I ri sh l odg e t h e on ly on e i n th e
, ,

D i st ri ct .

Otag o a n d S ozct/z l a n d D i s tr i c t — M I T S G rah am p r e si d e s “

. . .

ov e r o n e D G L . an d M r G W H arv e y ov e r th e ot h e r ( S )
. . . . . .

T h e r e a r e fou rt e e n l odg e s i n e ac h D i strict i e accord i ng t o t h e , . .

,

local arrang e m e n t for th e S c otti sh D G L ( of wh i c h t h e r e a r e

, . . .

on ly two i n t h e S out h I slan d ) e x e rc i s e s auth orit y b ey on d t h e t e rri

to r ia l l i m i ts of O tago an d S ou thl an d Th e total n u m b e r of l odg e s .

on i ts rol l i s tw e n ty o n e an d dou btl e ss O tago has d e ri v e d m uc h of

-
,

its i m porta n c e as a S cott i sh M ason i c c e n t e r fro m t h e fac t of h avi ng ,

b e e n origi nally fou n d e d by a n associ at i o n con n e ct e d wi t h th e F r e e

Ch urc h of S c otl an d A t D u n e d i n an d I n v e rcargi ll t h e r e i s i n e ac h
.

cas e a n I ri s h l odg e .

Wes tl a n d D i s tr i ct — T h e only D G M i s M r J o h n B e va n . . . .

wh o ru l e s ov e r S ix l odg e s ; a n d t h e r e ar e t h r e e oth e rs ( S ) .

wh i c h a r e com p ri s e d wit h i n t h e D G L of O tago a n d S ou t h l an d . . .

at D u n e di n .
2
000 H IS T O R Y O F FR E E M A S O N R Y

x i st L A m i tie — was e sta bl i sh e d at

— N u k a h iv a by th e G ran d O ri e n t
’
e

of Fran c e i n 1 8 5 0 .

S a n d w i c/
c or H a wa i i a n I s l a n ds — In
th e r e w e r e t h r e e
1 8 75
l odg e s i n t h i s grou p a n d m or e r e c e n t stati sti cs S h ow n o i ncr e as e i n
,

t h e n u m b e r : L e P r og r e s d e I O c e a n ie e r e ct e d by W arran t of t h e
’

S up r e m e Counci l of F ranc e i n 1 8 5 0 ; a n d t h e H awai ian an d VVa i

l n k e e l odg e s u n d e r th e j uri sdi cti on o f t h e G ran d L odg e of C al i forn i a
, .

T h e l a st n am e d i s M au i ; t h e O t h e rs m e e t at H on ol ul u t h e cap i tal , ,

wh e r e t h e y occ u py a h al l i n com m on T h e e arl i e st of th e two.

A m e ri ca n l odg e s ( H awai ian ) was form e d i n 1 8 5 2 T h e se t h re e .

l odg e s ar e co m p os e d of nati v e s A m e rican s E ngl ish m e n a n d G e r

, , ,

m a ns b e tw e e n wh o m t h e m ost fri e n dly r e lati on s su bsi st

, K i ng .

Ka l a k au a was an act /e m e m b e r of Le P r og r e s d e I O c e a n ie an d also

’

h i s brot h e r W i l l ia m P i tt L el e ih o k u of t he H awai ian L odg e T h e

, , .

form e r wh o h as v i si t e d m an y for e ign c ou ntri e s al so e vi nc e d th e

, ,

sam e i n t e r e st i n M ason ry w h i l e on hi s trav e l s O n J an uary 7 1 8 7 4 .

, ,

h e was e n t e rtai n e d by l odg e Col u m b i an of B ost on ( U S an d . .

on M ay 2 2 1 8 8 1 by th e N ati o nal G ran d L odg e of E gyp t By

, , .

t h e l att e r body t h e k i ng w a s e l e ct e d an H on orary G ran d M ast e r ,

an d aft e rward d e l i v e r e d a l e ngt hy orati on i n w h i c h h e e x pr e ss e d h is

,

b e l i e f i n E gyp t b e i ng th e cradl e b ot h of O p e rat i v e an d S p e c ulat iv e

mason ry a n d t h u s m ay b e sai d to hav e fu l ly r e ci procat e d th e com
,

p l i m e n t w h ich had b ee n pa i d h i m by th e m e e t i ng .
2 00 2 S U P P LE M E N T

th e an d A cc e pt e d M ason s t h rough ou t th e worl d H is words

Fr e e .

on th e su bj e ct a t p 8 ar e wort h r e p rod uct i on .

T o t hi s sch ool I h av e for y e ars b e e n strongly attach e d a n d i n ,

th e co mp osi ti on of t hi s work I sh al l adopt i ts p ri n ci p l e s I d o n ot .

f e ar t hat t h e clai m s of F r ee maso n ry t o a t i m e h on our e d e x i st e n c e -

wi l l b e i nj ur e d by any h i stori cal cri ti ci sm al t h ough th e e r a i n wh ich ,

i t ha d i ts b i r t h m ay n ot b e ad m i tt e d t o b e as r e m ot e as t h at assign e d
t o i t by A n d e rson or O l i v e r .

B oo/é I — T/ze O M 01 5 5 , E te .

’
p u b l icat i o n of my O/a C/za r g es of B r z tzs /z F r ee m a s on s
’ ’

S i n c e th e ,

i n 1 8 7 2 m any copi e s of t h e s e m an uscri p t con sti tu ti on s h av e b e e n

,

trac e d so m e o f con si d e rabl e val u e h avi ng b e e n di scov e r e d du ri ng

,

th e l ast d e cad e T h e r e ar e n ow som e t h r e e scor e an d ten rol l s or

.

”
b ooks of t h e s e C h arg e s i n e xi st e n c e t h e t e x t of c e rta i n sc roll s
“
,

b e i ng of gr e at i m p ort an c e T h e dat e s of som e of t h e ol d e r M S S

. .

h av e al so had t o b e r e vi s e d suc h as a f e w n ot e d at p 1 5 T h e dat e

, . .

“ ”
of th e H al l i w e l l or R egi u s M S h as b e e n pl ac e d a l ittl e l at e r
.
,

by a fe w c ri tics an d t hat of th e C ook e M S h as b e e n p u t back

,
“
.

t o 1 4 5 0 or e arl i e r .

“
A n u n fortu nat e e rror was m ad e by th e E di tor of t h e C ook e
"
M S by r e adi ng th e fi nal word i n t h e l i n e
.
“
A n d i n p o l ic r o n i c o a
” ’
c r on y c l e p u y d as p ri n t e d i nst e ad of p r e u y d or p rov e d as p oi n t e d
, , ,

out by B ro G W S p e t h i n h i s co m m e ntary o n t hat n ot e d l i ttl e

. . .

g e m of a B ook .

The H arl e i an N o 2 0 5 4 ( B ri tish M us e um ) i s n ot l i k e ly to

“
.

h av e b e e n wri tt e n b e for e 1 6 6 0 ( n ot 1 6 2 5 p a n d a sti l l ol d e r , .

copy of i ts t e x t was fou n d i n 1 8 99 v i a th e J oh n T T h orp M S , ,

“
. .

of A D 1 6 2 9 w h i ch i s p ro bably t h e origi nal of bot h i t an d t h e

. .
,

S l oan e of 1 6 46;
Th e “
G ran d L odg e M S N o 1 e rron e ously pl ac e d by m e at
. .
,

163 2
(p p 1 5 6 9 . i s r e ally of 1 5 8 3 an d t h e n um b e rs of t h e two
, , ,

Y ork M S S 2 an d 4 sh oul d b e r e v e rs e d t h e fi rst m e ntion e d b e i ng

.
,

th e j un i or T h e s e p oi nts a r e all d e tai l e d i n my s e c on d vol u m e on

.

th e O ld C harg e s ( of an d i n su bs e q u e n t add i ti on s t o 1 8 99 .

S i nc e D r M ack e y wrot e h i s h i story add i tion al i n form ati on

.
,

has b e e n ob tai n e d r e l ati v e t o th e F our Crown e d M artyrs r e f e rr e d

“
to i n th e H al l i w e ll M S an d e ls e wh e r e whi c h has co nsi d e ra bl y
.
,
 S U P P LE M E N T 2 003

m odi fi e d th e stat e m e n ts t h e r e on at pp 1 6 2 7 3 4 e tc T h e l eg e n d .
, , , . .

so far from b e i ng of G e rm an origi n i s m e nt i on e d i n E ngl an d m an y ,

c e ntu ri e s b e for e t h e r e i s h i stori c p roof of i ts h avi ng acqu ir e d cu r

O n t h i s su bj e ct B ro G ou l d s h istory sh ou l d b e
’
r e n c y i n G e rm any . .

consul t e d bot h i n r e l ati on t o t h e S t e i n m e t z e n an d th e M ason ic

,

M S S of G r e at B ri tai n
. T h e fac t o f th e l e g e n d h avi ng b e e n k n own
.

i n E nglan d for so m any c e n turi e s l e d th e l at e B ro th e R ev A F . . . .

’
A W oodford to sugg e st t h at o u r S t u de n ts L odg e N o 2 0 7 6 Lon
. .
,
”
d on sh ou l d b e cal l e d th e Q u atuor Coron at i an d t h ough rat h e r a
, , ,

si ngul ar t itl e for such an organ i z ati on we agr e e d t h e r e to , .

”
T h e curi ous n am e of N oaec h idae for M ason s r e f e rr e d to at ,

p 6 0 m ay b e trac e d back t o D r A n d e rson s B ook of Con s ti tu ti on s ,

.
,
.
’

1 73 8 I t was h ow e v e r dropp e d i n l at e r e di ti on s bu t c on t i n u e d by
.
, , ,

L aur e n c e D e rm ot t i n h i s A mma n R ez on w h ic h was a pi ty th e , ,

t e rm b e i ng so ab surd .

T h e S t A m p h i balu s l eg e n d i s n ot p e cul i ar to th e
. Cook e
t ex t as th e W i ll ia m W at son R ol l of 1 6 8 7 fi rst n ot e d i n 1 8 90,
“
,

con tai n s a r e f e r e nc e to t hat anc i e n t c e l e bri ty an d I b e l i e v e t hat th e ,

”
H e n e ry H e ad e M S of 1 6 7 5 i n t h e L i brary of th e T e m pl e
.
, ,

Lon don al so do e s ; bu t i ts r e c e n t d iscov e ry h as n ot al low e d t i m e

,

e n oug h for i ts c om pl e t e tran scri pti on .

T h e r e a r e s e v e ral M S S t h at cal l E d w i n t h e K i ng s brot h e r i n

’
.
,

st e ad of son as i n m ost M S S ( p , b u t t h e y ar e n ot of m uc h
. .

val u e or an ti q uity an d b e l ong to th e S p e n c e r fam ily as r e sp e cts

,
”
the t e x t D r A n d e rson pro bab ly h ad a c opy of t h e
. S p e nc e r or
C ol e M S
“
b e for e h i m i n 1 7 3 8 as i t was p ri n t e d i n 1 7 2 9
.
, .

A s to P ri n c e E dwi n h avi ng b e e n m ad e a M ason at W i n dsor ( p .

o n e or two l at e ly d i scov e r e d S crol l s c o ntai n th e sam e stat e m e nt

as th e Lansdown e an d A n t iqui ty b ut e vi d e n tly i t w a s

b u t a l ocal t raditi on .

D r M ack e y obs e rv e s ( p 1 6 3 ) t h at th e r eason “ why th e T e m pl e

. .

of S olo m on was e x cl u si v e ly s e l e ct e d by th e M od e rn M ason s as th e

i n cu nabul u m of t h e i r O rd e r can b e only c onj e ctu rally accou nt e d
for T h at i s so b ut o n th e ot h e r h an d th e e xt raord i n a ry p op ul ar
.
,

i ty of works on t h e T e m pl e of S ol om on an d t h e n u m e rous m od e ls ,

mad e an d e x h i bi t e d i n t h e l att e r p art of t h e 1 7 th c e n tury an d e arly

, ,

i n t h e i 8 t h c e nt ury m ay h av e l e d to i ts i ncorp orat i on i n th e M a

,

son ic R itual duri ng th e R e vi val p e ri od 1 7 1 7 — 2 3 I t can n ot b e sai d , .

t h a t t h e O l d C harg e s m ak e a p romi n e n t f e atur e of t h at gr e at

2004 S U P P LE M E N T

bui l di ng an d n e i th e r a r e th e B i bl i cal worth i e s fam i l iar t o

h is tnr i c ,

th e m od e rn F r ee m asons con sp ic u ou s figur e s i n th e anc i e n t M S S .

“ ”
of th e F r a t e rn i ty T h e T ran sacti on s of th e Q uatu or C oronat i
.

Lodg e for 1 8 99 ar e wort h a car e fu l study on t h is poi nt .

E ar ly R ecor ds .

m ost val uabl e e n tri e s c onc e rn i ng F r e e m asonry i n th e 1 7th

O f th e
c e ntu ry may b e m e n t i on e d th ose by E l ias A sh m ol e i n h i s fam ou s
di ary I t i s t o b e r egre tt e d h ow e v e r t hat th e t wo e dit i ons of th e
.
, ,

typ ograp h i cal r e p roduct ion of t h at M S b ook ( 1 7 1 7 an d 1 7 74) con .

tai n s e rious e rrors i n th e p ort i o n r e l ati ng t o h i s ad m i ssi on i nto th e

C raft an d h i s v i si tat i on of a l odg e i n 1 6 4 6 an d 1 6 8 2 r e sp e ct iv e ly
, , .

U n fortu nat e ly D r M ack e y h ad n ot facsi m i l e s of th e s e e n tri e s an d

, .
,

h e n c e h i s adop ti o n of th e faul ty tran scri pts (p p 3 2 2 6 2 0—2 1 .

, ,

T h e fol lowi ng m ay b e r e l i e d on as b e i ng an e x ac t copy of th e

tw o e ntri e s of A D 1 6 8 2 . . .

M a rch 1 682 .

1 0 :b o u t 5 p m 1 r e c d a s a m o n s to a p p r a t a Lod g e to b e h e l d th e n e x t
A . . . .

d a y a t M a s o n s H a l l Lo n d o n
, .

1 1 A c c o r d i n g l y I w e n t,
. a b ou t n oo n e we r e a d m itt e d i n t o th e Fe ll ows h i
p of
F r e e M a s on s ,
S r W il l i a m W il s o n K n i g h t Ca p t R i c h : B ooth wi c k, M r W i l l : W ood m a n,
.
, . .

M r Wm G r ey M r S a m u e l l T a y l ou r
. .
, M r Wi l li a m W i s e
. . .

'
1 wa s th e S e n i o r F e ll ow a m on g t h e m (i t b e i n g 3 5 y e a r e s s i n c e I wa s a d
m i t te d) T h e r e we r e p r s e n t b e s i d e m y s e l fe th e Fe l l o we s a ft e r n a m e d .

M r T ho .W i s e M r of t h e M a s o n s Co m p a n y t h i s p r s e n t y e ar e M r T h om a s
. . .

S h or th os e , M r T h om a s S h a d b ol t,. Wa i n d s for d E s q r M r R ich . .

Yo u n g M r J oh n S h or th os e, M r W illi a m H a m on , M r J oh n T h om p s on , M r
. . . .

W i l l : S ta n t o n
We e a ll d y n e d a t th e h a l f e M oo n e T a v e rn e i n Ch ea p e s id e, a t a N ob l e D i nne r
”
p r e pa i r e d a t th e c h a r g e o f t h e N e w a cc e p t e d M as o n s - .

On c om pari ng t h e for egoi ng e x c e rp t wi t h th e o n e p ri n t e d at p p .

6 2 1 — 2 2 of t h e hi story i t wi l l at o nc e b e s e e n t hat A sh m ol e w a s n ot
,

r e i n i ti at e d or r e a d m i tt e d i n to th e f e l l owsh i p A D 1 6 8 2 by S ir
, , . .
,

W i l l iam W i l son an d ot h e rs ; b u t t hat W il son a n d th e ot h e rs n am e d

”
w e r e t h e ms e l v e s acc e pt e d an d su bs e qu e n tly pai d for th e d i n n e r , ,

wh i c h w as s e rv e d at t h e H al f M oon T av e rn i n C h e a psi d e accord , ,

i ng to c u stom .

T hat b e i ng so th e e lab orat e an d most i ng e n i ous a rg u m e n ts i n

,
2 006 S U P P LE M E N T

“
p rop e r an d th e oth e r a L odg e t e rm e d th e A cc e pt i on
, , I n th e .

”
first n am e d th e m e m b e rs w e re ad m i tt e d b ut i n t he l att e r t h e y
, ,
“
w e r e acc e pt e d T h e C om pany of Fr ee M ason s w as so t e rm e d
.
,

abou t th e m i ddl e o f th e 1 6 t h c e nt ury , th e f e l l owsh i p b e for e b e i ng

of th e M ason s on ly T h e p r e fi x was drop p e d offi cially aft e r 1 6 5 3
. .

T h e r e w e r e t h us th e F r e e M ason s of th e Com pany an d th e A c ,

c e p te d M asons of t h e L odg e u n ti l th e form e r c e as e d t o u se t h e

,
”
E v e n tu al ly th e t wo pr e fi x e s w e r e u n i t e d as “
“
t e rm F r e e . Fr e e
”
an d A cc e pt e d M asons b ut p r e ci s e l y w h e n w e c an n ot say ; prob
,

a b ly t oward th e e n d of th e 1 7 t h c e n t ury .

T h e sp e culat iv e L odg e of th e A cc e p ti on i s n ot e d i n th e r e cords

of th e com pany from ab out th e y e ar 1 6 2 0 an d i t w as t h i s b ody t h at ,

w a s v isi t e d by E l ias A sh m ol e i n 1 6 8 2 Th e gran t of arm s w as .

m ad e to th e C om pany o f M ason s i n 1 4 7 2 an d i s n ow p r e s e rv e d i n ,
“
t h e B r i ti sh M us e u m b u t th e c opy of th e
, O ld C harg e s so oft e n ,

n ot e d i n th e i nv e n tori e s h as b ee n m i ssi ng for fi fty or m or e y e ars

, .

T h i s i s a gr e at p i ty as we a r e u n ab l e t o d e ci d e for c e rtai n wh at th e
,

t e x t w as or h ow n e ar i t agr e e d wi t h th os e st i l l p r e s e rv e d
, .

P h i ll i pp s M S S
’
T he N os 1 a n d 2 m ay b e c op i e s of th e m i ss
. .

’
“
i ng M a son s C om pany M S of 1 6 5 0 c i rca an d so may th e G W .
, , . .

”
B ai n M S of th e sam e p e ri od b ut b eyon d i n d i cati ng th e p r ob abil
.
,

i ty of suc h r e l ati on s hi p n oth i ng can b e sai d

, .

O f th e H arl e i an N o 1 94 2 t e x t ( p 6 1 6 e tc ) we h av e n ow
. .
, .

s e v e ral c op i e s so i t n o l ong e r e n j oys th e sol i tary p osi ti on i t o nc e

,

h ad T h ough i t an d th e ot h e r si m i l ar docu m e n ts s e e m t o h av e b ee n
.

wri tt e n for an d u s e d by a com pany n e i t h e r of t h e m can b e th e ,

m i ssi ng M asons C om pany

’
n or can t h ey b e c op i e s i f th e
M S S pr e vi ously m e n ti on e d r e p r e s e n t th e origin al S crol l or b ook
.

w h i c h b e l ong e d i n th e A cc e p t e d M ason s H al l T h ey ar e h ow e v e r ’
.
, ,

sugg e st i v e of th e u se of th e t e rm acc e p t e d an d ar e t h us e sp e c ial ly ,

”
val uabl e i n i ll ustrat i on of th e m i nu t e s of th e A cc e pti on .

I do n ot con si d e r t h at t h e “ S l oan e M S N o 3 3 2 9 B riti sh . .

,

M us e u m dat e s fro m “ b e tw e e n 1 6 40 an d
, n ow t h at th e
m a tt e r has b e e n t h orough ly si ft e d ; b ut m or e l ik e ly t o h av e b e e n
“
writt n soon aft e r th e R e v i val of
e T h e r e i s n o e vi d e n c e
t hat i t was e v e r k n own t o D r P l ot ( n ot P l ott th e h ist ori an of
.

S ta ffordsh i r e 1 6 8 6 an d I agr e e t h at i t i s u n l i k e ly th at s e p arat e

, ,

c e r e m on i e s or d egr ee s w e r e work e d p ri or t o th e 1 8 t h c e n tu ry , as
D r M ack e y e m p hat ical ly stat e s
.
.
 S U P P LE M E N T 2 00 7

My fri e n d d e clar e s th at th e word Fr ee M ason i s n ot t o b e foun d

“ ” “
i n th e M ason i c C on stituti on s i e th e O l d C h arg e s of th e , . .
, ,

op e rat i v e b ody b ut t h i s i s not c orr e ct I t do e s n ot ap p e ar i n th e

, .

v e ry e arly cop i e s bu t th e t e rm i s m e t wi t h i n s e v e ral of th e rol ls of

,

th e 1 7 t h c e n tu ry .

T h e mark d egr e e i s m od e r n com parati v e ly sp e aki ng b ut th e , ,

s e l e ct i on of m arks by th e op e rati v e an d sp e cul ati v e M asons i s a

v e ry ol d cust om E v e n ap pr e n t i c e s c h os e t h e i r m ark s as e v i
.
,

d e uc e d i n th e M ark B ook of th e L odg e of A b e rd ee n of A D , . .

1 6 70 on ward A s a d e gr e e I ha d trac e d i t back t o 1 77 8 i n D r

.
, .

’
M ack e y s t i m e bu t l at e r on i t h as b e e n fou n d n ot e d i n L odg e M i n
,

ut e s o f 1 7 7 7 L on don 1 77 3
,
D u rh am ; an d 1 7 6 9 P ortsm ou t h , , .

T h e l ast m e n ti on e d i s i n cyp h e r a n d h as o nly r e c e n tly b e e n r e ad , .

Th e fi rst e n try i s as fol l ows

At a R oya l Ar c h Ch apte r h e l d a t th e G e or g e T a v e r n i n P o r t s m ou th on
Fi r s t S ep tr , S e v e n t e e n h u n d r e d a n d s i x ty n i n e , P r e s e n t
.

“
T h om as D u n c k e r l e y , E s q , W ill i a m Cook Z , S a m u e l P a l m e r H , T h om a s
.

S c a n v i l l e J , H e n r y D e a n , P h i l i p J oy e s, a n d T h om as W e b b
. .

“
P r o G M T h om a s D u n c k e r l e y b r o t th e W a r r a n t of th e Ch ap t e r , a n d h av
’
. . .

i ng l a te ly r e c d t h e m a r k h e m a d e th e b r e n M a r k M a s o n s a n d M a r k M a s t e r s ,
’ ’

a n d e a c h c h u s e t h e i r m a r k , vi a , W Coo k Z , S P a l m e r H , T S ca n v i l l e J . P h i li p . . .
,

J oyes , T W e b b H e a l s o t o l d u s of th i s m a n n r of wo r k i n g w h i c h i s to b e u s e d
. .
’

i n th e d e g r e e w c h w e m a y g i v e to o t h e r s s o t h e y b e F C f or M a r k M a s on s
’
. .

a nd M as t e r M f or M a r k M a s t e r s
. .

F ul l part ic ul ars of t h i s c h apt e r ar e gi v e n i n th e h ist ory of th e

P h oe n i x L odg e N o 2 5 7 P ortsm out h b y B ro A l e x an d e r H ow e l l
, .
, , .
,

1 8 94 . T h e R oyal A rc h wa s start e d i n t h at t own u n d e r t h e r e gu l ar

”
or M od e rn M asons i n 1 7 6 9 .

B ro D u n c k e r l y r e c e iv e d th e R oyal A rc h D egr ee i n P ortsm out h

.

”
i n 1 7 5 4 b ut at t h at ti m e t h ough work e d by th e M od e m s t h e r e
, , ,

was n o gov e rn i ng b ody T h e c e r e m ony was k nown i n E ngl an d . ,

I r e l an d an d S cotl an d i n th e 5 th d e cad e of th e 1 7 th c e n tury an d

, ,
”
was t hu s p atron i z e d b e for e th e adv e n t of th e A nc i e n ts or A th oll
M asons i n 1 7 5 1 I t i s w e l l t o r e m e m b e r t h is fact as B ro L D e r
.
, . .

m ott h as e rron e ously b e e n cr e dit e d or h i s G ran d L o dg e wi t h h av , ,

i ng arrang e d an d start e d th e d e gr e e R oyal A rc h M ason ry i s r e .

fe rr e d t o i n p ri n t (A D 1 743 —44) two y e ars b e for e D er m ott ob tai n e d

. .

“
1 The d e g r e e i s n ot e d i n th e r e cord s o f S t T ho . ma ss
’
Lod g e , Lon d o n (n ot La n c a
sh ir e ,” v i d e p . a n d i s duly r e fe rr e d to on p 82 1 . .
2 00 8 S U P P LE M E N T

th e d egr e e u n dou bt e dly th e c e r e m ony was work e d i n

“ ”
A m e ri ca as soo n as i t was work e d by th e A n c i e nt s i n E nglan d .

B ro D e rm ott was i n i ti at e d i n I r e lan d 1 7 40—4 1 an d i n 1 7 5 2 w as

.
, ,

a m e m b e r of N os 9 an d 1 0 L on do n ( E nglan d ) w h e n h e was
.
, ,

e l e ct e d G ran d S e cr e tary A t t h at t i m e N o 1 was k e pt vacan t

. . .

I t was th e u sag e c e rtai n ly for l odg e s g e n e ral ly t o b e k n own

, ,

by th e tav e rn s or h ot e ls i n w h i c h t h e y ass e m bl e d u nti l i t h ap p i ly ,

b e cam e th e custom t o h av e h al l s b u il t for M ason ic m e e ti ngs .

L odg e s h ow e v e r h ad sp e cial n am e s l o ng b e for e th e y e ar 1 7 6 7 as

, , ,

r e cord e d at p 8 8 5 . I n M a s on i c R ecor ds 1 7 1 7 —1 8 94 by m y
.
, ,

l am e n t e d fri e n d an d B ro J oh n Lan e wi l l b e fou n d se v e ral i n stanc e s

.
,

of l odge s h avi ng ad op t e d di st i ncti v e t i tl e s th e fi rst t o d o so ac ,

“
c ord i ng to t h is e x c e ll e n t auth ori ty b e i ng th e U n i v e rsity L odg e ,

N o 74 i n A D 1 7 3 0 an d th e r e was a
.
, . .
, F r e nc h Lodg e also h e l d i n ,

L on don an d so n am e d i n 1 7 3 7 or e arl i e r
, I t i s n ot a m att e r of
, .

m u ch i m p ortanc e b ut i t i s as w e l l to r e m e m b e r th at l odg e n om e n
,

c l a tu r e b e gan som e on e h u n dr e d an d s e v e nty y e ars ago as r e sp e cts

E ngl an d an d p rob ably m uc h e arl i e r i n S cotl an d

, N ei t h er i s i t .

su r e t hat t h e r e w e r e only fou r op e rat i v e l odg e s i n th e c i ty of Lon

d on i n 1 7 1 6 ( p . T h e i m m ortal quart e tt e of 1 7 1 7 m ay h a ve
b ee n m ai n ly op e rat i v e b ut e v e n t h at i s n ot c e rtai n as we ar e n ot
, ,

i n form e d as t o t h e i r m e m b e rs u n t i l the n e x t d e cad e w h e n assu r e dly ,

t h e y w e r e s e v e ral ly of a sp e cul ati v e c h aract e r W e ar e w h ol ly i n .

ign oranc e wh e n D r D e sag u l ier s an d D r A n d e rson w e r e i n i tiat e d or

. .
,

i n wh at lodg e s al l part i cul ars as t o s uc h b e i ng m e r e gu e sswork

, .

C on c e rn i ng warrants ( p i t sh oul d b e stat e d t h at t h e s e

.

ch art e rs so w e l l k now n to the F rat e rn i ty si nc e 1 7 5 0 i n E ngl an d

,

( b ut m u ch e arl i e r i n I re lan d) w e r e n ot i ssu e d origi n al ly by t he,

p r e m i e r G ran d L odg e of E ngl an d b u t B r e th r e n wh o wish e d t o b e ,

c on st itut e d i n to a l odg e p e t i ti o n e d t h e G ran d M ast e r a n d o n h is ,

ap proval of t h e i r p ray e r a day woul d b e fi x e d for i ts con sti tu t i on ,

an d c e rti fi e d accord i ngl y I n th e provi nc e s a B rot h e r wou l d b e

.
,

d e p ut e d t o consti tu t e suc h a l odg e by a docu m e n t sign e d by the

r e qu i si t e aut h ori ty ; w h i c h was a k i n d of W arran t bu t di d n ot ,

n om i n at e th e W M an d Ward e n s as si n c e the p e ri od m e nti on e d

. .
,
.

T h e fact of c onstit uti on m ad e th e l odg e r e gul ar bu t t h e r e w e r e ,

n u m e rous l odg e s wh o di d n ot avai l t h e m s e l v e s of that favor ,

a n d so w e r e i rr e gular from th e G ran d L odg e poi nt of v i e w t h ough

, ,

as m u c h e n titl e d t h e n t o con t i n u e t h e i r m ee ti ngs as t h e y w e r e b e

2010 S U P P LE M E N T

“
T he ri val G ran d L odg e of th e A n ci e nt s was i naugu rat e d i n
1 7 5 1 ( n ot b ut Laur e n c e D e rm ott w as not a foun d e r ( p .

h e h avi ng j oi n e d i n th e y e ar 1 7 5 2 wh e n h e b e cam e G ran d S e cr e ,

t ary Bro H e n ry S adl e r i n h is M a s on i c F a cts a n d F i cti on s ( 1 8 8

. .
,
“
obj e ct s to t h e s e A nc i e nt s b e i ng t e rm e d S ch ismat ic s an d ably ,

d e f e n d s th e m i n t h at w e l l k n own work H e c on si d e rs t h e y w e r e
-
.

m ostly I rish M asons from w h om G ran d S e cr e tary D e rm ott also

,

cam e an d c e rtai nly m any of th e fact s h e p r e s e nts i n di cat e t h e i r

,

fon dn e ss for t h at organ i z ati on T h e r e i s n o d ou bt t hat t h e dat e.

gi v e n at p 1 1 0 9 v i a J u ly 1 7 1 7 5 1 w as th e day on wh i c h t h i s
.
, , , ,

body was e stabl ish e d b u t n o G ran d M ast e r was e l e ct e d u n ti l 1 7 5 3

, .

“ ”
T h e R oyal A rc h D e gr e e was n ot start e d by t h e s e A nci e n t s
( p. b ut o nly a dopt e d by t h e m as a n au t h ori z e d c e r e m on y .

”
I n s e l f d e f e nc e th e
- M od e m s w h o had work e d i t b e for e th e origi n
,

“ ”
of th e A t hol l M ason s b ut n ot o ffi c ial ly graduall y gav e i t m or e
, ,

p ro m i n e n c e I n 1 7 6 7 t h e y form e d a G ran d C hapt e r of R oyal A rc h

.

M asons an d i ssu e d warran ts for c hapt e rs p ush i ng th e d e gr e e m or e ,

“ ”
e v e n t h an th e A n ci e n ts t h ough n ot r e cogn i z e d by t h e i r G ran d
,

L odg e ; so at th e u n i o n of th e t wo G ran d L odg e s i n D e c e m b e r ,

“
1813 th e w ay w as pr e par e d for th e i n augurat i on of th e
, U n it e d
”
G ran d C h ap t e r i n 1 8 1 7 th e c e r e m ony b e i ng ad op t e d as th e co m
,

p l e tio n o f t h e M ast e r M ason s c e r e m ony n ot as a s e p arat e a n d i n

’

d e p e n d e n t d egr e e .

T h e Y ork M ason s wh o r e vi v e d t h e i r G ran d L odge i n 1 7 6 1 h a d

”
n e v e r any d e al i ngs w i t h th e A n c i e n t s an d cons e qu e n tly the l att e r ,
“ ”
h ad n o right t o styl e t h e m s e l v e s A nc i e n t Y ork M ason s T he .

Y ork G ran d Lodg e n e v e r warrant e d any lodg e s out of E ngl and ,

“
an d so th e l odg e s c hart e r e d i n th e U n i t e d S tat e s by th e A t hol l
“ ” “
M ason s w e r e n ot A Y M A e nt Y ork M ason s ) b u t A
( nc i . . n ,

c i e nt or A t h ol l M asons .

I sh oul d fi n d i t si m ply i m possi bl e to tr e at of th e I n tr od u cti on of

F r eem a s on r y i n to t/z e N or tk A m er i ca n Col on i es i n b ri e f an d so ,

shal l n ot att e m pt i t an d m ust l e av e D r M ack ey s i n t e r e sti ng C hap

, .
’

te r X LV I u ntouc h e d . I may h ow e v e r j ust stat e t h at b e ari ng i n

.
, , ,

m i n d th e d i sti n ct i on alr e ady n ot e d b e tw e e n r e gul ar an d i rr e gular

lodg e s ; th e on e duly con stitut e d by au t h ority of a G ran d Lodg e ,
" ’
an d th e oth e r n ot con sti tut e d Le t m e say t hat th e S t J oh n s . .
,

Boston A D 1 7 3 3 w as th e first r e gul ar M ason i c l odg e i n N ort h

, . .
,

A m e ri ca T h e r e w e r e b e for e t h e n s e v e ral l odg e s ass e m bl i ng in

.
 S U P P LE M E N T 20 1 1

P h i lad e l p h i a , an d vi d e n tly e l s e wh e r e by ti m e i m m e m ori al usage

e ,

an d t h e s e had as good a righ t to m e e t M ason i cal ly as any ot h e r

organi z at i on E v e rywh e r e h ow e v e r outsi d e th e pal e o f re gular
.
, ,

G ran d Lodg e M ason ry an d u n l e ss suc h B r e t h re n j oi n e d un d e r th e

,

n ew r e i m e
g t h e y w e r e acc oun t e d i rr e gular S trang e t o say th e
, .
,

M od e rn G ran d Lodg e of E nglan d — th e p r e m i e r of th e worl d

n e v e r h ad a P e n n syl van i a l odg e on i ts r e gist e r I on c e t h ough t .

th at a lodg e ass e m bl i ng i n P h i l ad e l p hi a P e nn ( 1 73 0 h ad , .
,

b e e n grant e d by i ts con sti t ut i onal aut hority b ut t h e r e i s n ot su fh ,

“
ci e nt e vi d e n c e t o warran t th e c o ncl usi on T h e r e w e re re gular A n .

”
ci e n t warran t s i ssu e d for P h i l ad e l p h i a d uri ng th e 6 th d e cad e of
th e 1 8 th c e n tury an d a P rov i n c i al G ran d L odg e form e d As a .

m att e r of fact si ngul ar as i t r e ads th e l odg e of 1 73 0 an d su b se

, , ,

qu e n t l odge s of th e ki n d w e r e n e v e r r e cogn i z e d as of E ngl i sh ori

,
“
gi n t h ough a P rov i nci al G ran d M ast e r was ap p oi n t e d by th e M o d
,

e rn s for th e K e yston e S tat e i n 1 7 3 0 e tc T hi s w as don e th ough , .

,

t h e r e was n ot a l odg e on i t s E ngl i sh r egist e r fro m P e n n syl van i a .

A n u n usual e x p e ri e n c e assur e dly b ut not u n i qu e as r e sp e ct s som e

,

P rov i ncial G ran d M ast e rs ap p oi n t e d i n E ngl a n d .

I am n ot awar e of any au th ority for th e stat e m e n t at p 1 2 5 2 .

,

t hat th e e st e e m e d B ro E T C arson ( d e c e as e d ) h ad a c opy of D r

. . . .

D as sig ny s c e l e brat e d E n q u i r y of 1 7 44 i n hi s col l e ct i on wh i c h h as

’

lat e ly b ee n acqu i re d by G e n e ral S C L awr e n c e ( P G M M as s ) . . . . .

, ,

wh o i s b e l i e v e d t o h av e th e l arg e st M ason i c l i brary i n A m e ri ca i f ,

n ot i n th e worl d T h e on ly c opy i n th e U n it e d S tat e s i s th e one I

.

l e t B ro R F B ow e r h av e wh o wa s a di sti ngu i sh e d c ol l e ctor an d

. . .
,

ard e n t M asoni c stu d e nt O n h i s r e gr e tt e d d e c e ase h i s l i brary was

.
,

purc has e d by th e G ran d L odg e of I owa w h ic h h as a gr e at coll ee ,

ti on of M ason i c b ook s M S S an d c u ri os of i m m e ns e val u e S i n c e

, .
, .

m y di sc ov e ry of t hat vol u m e of 1 744 an oth e r an d al m ost p e rf e ct , , ,

c opy h as b ee n t rac e d an d i s n ow i n th e i m p ortan t M ason i c l i brary

of th e provi n c e of W e st Y orksh i re ; an d a th i rd h as b ee n r e cog
n i z e d i n th e c ol l e cti on of M ason i c work s i n N e wcastl e on T yn e ;

so t h at at th e pr e s e n t ti m e t h r e e c op i e s ar e k n own al l h ow e v e r
, , , ,

lack i ng th e front i sp i e c e an d onl y on e of th e t ri o i s c om pl e t e e l s e

, .

T h e r e f e r e nc e s i n th e h i st ory of F r ee m ason ry at Y ork an d ,

e sp e ci al ly i n r e l at ion t o t h e addi t i onal d e gr e e s i e t h ose aft e r th e , . .

,

T h i rd r e qui r e occasi on al ly qual i ficati on i n th e l igh t of d iscov e ri e s

, , , ,

o f l at e y e ars I t i s n e c e ssar y also t o car e ful ly stu dy bot h p ort ion s

.
201 2 S U P P LE M E N T

of my M a s on i c S ke/c/z es a n d R ep r i n ts as th e s e con d part w as ,

wri tt e n aft e r th e fi rst was p ri n t e d an d con tai n s parti cul ars of M S

, .

book s d iscov e re d wh i l st th e work was i n th e pr e ss T h e r e i s an .

e x c e ll e n t A m e ri can e di t i on t o b e h ad of th e sam e y e ar as t h e o r ig

i nal i ssu e i n E nglan d .

C hapt e r X L V I I I is an i mp ortan t o n e an d d e s e rv e s part ic ul ar

.
,

c on si d e rat i on for many of th e stat e m e nts ar e o f a v e ry sugg e st iv e

, ,

n ot to say startl i ng c h aract e r an d ad vanc e d by a B rot h e r of gr e at

, ,

e m i n e nc e an d r e s e arc h I a m n ot awar e of t h e e x i st e nc e of a ny
.

e v i d e n c e i n favor of th e ass e rtio n t h at R am say ( n ot R am s e y e ve r

)
sough t t o i ntroduc e any of th e ad d iti onal d e gr ee s to th e G ran d
Lodg e of E nglan d e arly last c e n tu ry For th at m att e r b e yon d
.
,

stat e m e n ts of fan c i ful h istori an s i t h as n ot b e e n prov e d t h at h e

,

arran g e d th e c e r e m on i e s so l ong c on n e ct e d wi t h h i s n am e an d al l
t h e d e cl arati o ns c onc e rn i ng th e S t uart s an d th e C raft m ust b e r e

c e i ve d wi t h caut i on B e yon d r e i t e rat e d asse rt i on s th e i n i t iat i on of

.
,

any of th e u n fo rt un at e royal fam i ly h as n ot at all b e e n cl e arly

e sta bl i sh e d
.

Chapt e r X X X i s of v e ry g r e at i n t e r e st b ut h ow far i t i s su p
.
,

p ort e d by col d an d h ard facts i t is not for m e t o say u n l e ss t i m e ,

an d spac e w e r e am pl e A t al l e v e n ts i t sh ou l d b e r e ad si d e by si d e
.
,

wit h C hapt e r X X X of B ro G oul d s h i story ; so t hat th e re l iab il i ty

. .
’

or ot h e rwi s e of som e of th e sourc e s d e p e n d e d u pon sh oul d b e t e st e d .

A t p 2 8 0 D r M ack e y c i t e s th e C h art e r of A rras ( R os e C roi x ) sai d

. .
,

t o h av e b ee n grant e d by C h arl e s E dward S t uart N ow i s i t l ik e ly .

, ,
’
i s i t e v e n p ossi b l e t hat i n h i s fat h e r s l i f e ti m e h e woul d d e scri b e
,

h i m s e l f as W e C h arl e s E dward K i ng of E ngl an d F ranc e S cot

“
, , , ,

lan d an d I re lan d P S u r e ly i n th e fac e of su ch a d e claration t h e r e

, , ,

i s n o aut h ori ty t o say as to th e au t h e ntici ty of t h i s Warran t T h e re

”
app e ars t o b e n o d oub t I t c ou l d n ot b e auth e n ti c i f th e d oc u
.

m e n t con tai n e d any such t i tl e .

A n ot h e r su bj e ct h as al so b e e n m or e t h oroughl y e l uci dat e d of lat e

y e ars an d i n con s e qu e n c e t h e r e of som e of th e au t h ori ti e s qu ot e d i n
,

C hapt e r X V I I I h av e b ee n fou n d t o b e u n r e l i abl e at t i m e s an d

.
,

rat h e r i n cl i n e d to tr e at th e q u e sti on as fi cti on i n st e ad of as h i st o ry , .

T h e S t e i n m e t z e n of G e rm any ar e n ot al ways saf e i n th e han ds of

suc h au th ors as F al l ou ( n ot Fal l on an d W i n z e r G oul d i s m uch .

saf e r t h an e i t h e r t o fol l ow an d th e r e ad e r may b e con fi d e n t th at

,

e x i sti ng docu m e nts wi ll v e ri fy al l h i s stat e m e nts t h e r e on Con s i d .

 I N D E X

A A H I M AN R E Z ON , o r h e lp to a broth e r IV , ,

1 1 05 ( cf . v , 1 2 68 ; VI ,

A A S R ( se e S cotti sh R i t e A I TC H E S ON -
H A V EN MS c e rta in d a te of ,
Y
. . .
,

A BB OT S BU R , ch a rt e r of O r k y s Guild a t, 1 1 ,
. .
’
I , 15 .

S 5 A J U ON , an ea rly MS . n a m e for H i r am IV , ,

I
A B I F , H RA M ( se e H i r a m A b i f ) .
93 1
A B R A H A M , e pisod e o f, i n Le g e nd of th e A LA B A M A , fi rst Lodg e a n d org a n i a tion o f z
Cr a ft , 1 , 2 0, 6 7 .
G r a n d Lodg e in , , 1 45 8 ; in trod uction VI
A BR A X A S , a Gnostic n a m e a n d sy m bol of of R A M a son ry i n ,
. .
, 1 48 7 ; cryptic VI
D e i ty , u . 3 77 . 3 78 , 403 ; VI . 1 7 1 8 ; vn , M a son ry in , , VI
1 5 70 ; org a ni a tion of z
I 7 7S, 1 7 79 G r a nd Co m m a nd e ry a n d subo rdin a t e
I
A CA C A , 1 , 1 3 6 co m m a nd e ri e s in , , 1 602 ; S cotti sh R ite VI
Y
.

A CA DE M OF T R U E M A S ON S , a n e w R i t e e s M a son ry i n , , 1 8 89 VII
K
.

ta b l i sh e d by P e r n e l ty , 1 1 , 3 5 3 .
A LA S A , first Lodg e an d org a ni a tion o f z
I
A CCE PT ON LODGE , v1 1 , 2 006 .
G r a nd Lodg e i n , , 1 48 4 VI .

I
A CCE PT A T O N , tw o kind s o f, i n e arly M a Y
A LB A N , N Y , d e v e lop m e n t of R oy a l A rch
. .

sou ry , 1 1 1 , 6 1 8 . M a son ry a t, v , 1 2 90 ; T e m pl e Ch a pt e r
A CCE PT E D, th e t e r m of a d m i ssion i n
“
Ac V
f oun d e d a t, , 1 2 93 ; first Lodg e o f P e r
c e p ti on L odg e ,
”
v1 1 , 2 006 . fec ti on e s t a bl i sh e d a t, , 1 8 09 ; d e v e l VII
A CCE P TE D M A S O N S H A LL, v 1 1 , 2006 op m e n t of th e S cotti sh R i t e a t, v 1 1 , 1 86 2
’
. .

A CCE PTE D M A S O N s , ori gin a n d m ea nin g of A LB E R TU S M A GN U S ( A lb e rt th e

th e w ord s , 1 1 1 , 6 1 7 .
73 5
A CR E , th e si e g e of, v , 1 3 2 2 .
A LCH EM IS
th e ory of th e r el a tion of th e
TS , ,

I
A CT OF U N ON , p r ocl a m a ti on of th e , i n to R os icruci a ni s m 1 1 3 3 6 3 3 7 ; sou rc e s , , ,

1 8 1 3 , v , 1 1 73 . of th e sy m bol i s m of th e II 3 5 0 , , .

I
A DD S ON , J OS E P H , i n flu e nc e of, on S p e cu l a A LDER M A N th e n a m e o f th e p ri nci p al offi
,

tiv e M a son ry , 1 1 1 , 8 5 4 ; cl ubs di scu ss e d c e r in S a xon G uilds 1 1 5 77 ; 1 11 5 91 , , , .

by , i n th e S p e ct a tor , 1 1 1 , 8 5 7 ; th e H oly A LE P P O, , 1 3 2 6 V .

S epulch e r a n d Crus a d e spir i t d e scrib e d A LE X A N DR E A LO DGE , N o 2 9, , 1 440 V .

I K
.

by v , , 13 12 . A LN W C LODGE ( N orthu m b e rl a nd ) , r ec
A DE PT OF T H E E A GLE , a tr a di tion a l d e gr ee d s of , th e ol d e st e xt a n t , 880, IV
gg5
,
of R osicruci a n ori gin 1 1 3 5 4 , , .

I K
.

I I
A D M S S ON , r e qui r em e n ts of in , ea rly A LN W C MS , e a a e . c rt i n d t o f I , , 15 .

dg s
Lo e , 1 1 1 , 6 1 3 A L—O M J A H , VI I , 1 7 60
-

Y
. .

I
A DO N H ER ON M U S , Ge m a r n m di v l e e a u se A M A N , a n ea MS am e rly . n for H i r am , I v,
of
, 1 1 1, 767 ; me Eso ngli sh qui v l n t e a e s 93 2 .

of III 769
, , . I
A M BRO S E P E TRE , V 1 1 1 7 5 8 .

HI H i r m A bif ) 1 420
“
( A M E N , s o M OTE I T B E , 1 , 2 8
‘
A DON RA M s ee a , 1, . .

AD N O I RA M ( H i r m A bif ) th m
see n in g a , e ea I
A M E R CA , int roduction of F r eem a son ry
of , 416
11, . in to th e Col on i e s “of N o rth”, v , 1 2 2 4 ;
A DO N , I S th m yst ry o f I 1 77
e e , , . popul a rity o f th e A nci e n ts i n Colo
I I IO
A FF L A T rly N o f th t r m
, ea 617 u se e e 1 11, . V
n i a l , , 1 1 5 9 ; in troducti on o f R oy al
I
A FR CA N L G Boston ( f
OD E , Col or d c . e A rch M a son ry in to , , 1 2 64 ; con ictin g V fl
ill g l o rg n i z tion of in e a a a , syst em s of R oy a l A rch in v , 1 2 88 ; or ,

1 78 7 VI 1 65 9; copy of ch rt r of VI
, , a e , , g a n i z ati on of G G Ch a pt e r in , , 1 2 90 ; . . V
1 66 3 ; d cl r tion o f i nd p nd nc of
e a a e e e e K
nigh t T e m pl a ri s m i n , , 1 3 68 ; org an V
In 1 82 7 66 0 ; t xt of s m
, VI , 1 VI 1 66 5 e a e, , , i z a tion of G G E nc am p m e nt i n , v , . .

r e cord of corr e spond e nc e r e g a rdin g v1 , , 1 3 84 ; Cryptic M a son ry i n , , 1 5 49 ; VI

1 666 ff ; U ni t e d G r a n d Lodg e of E n g
. S cotti sh R i t e M a son ry in , , 1 82 0 VII ,

l a nd d rops fro m l i st VI 1 660 , , , . 1 8 43 , 1 873 ; Color e d M a son ry in , , VI

A GR I P P A COR N E LI U S
, hi s O ccul t P h ilos , 1 64 1 .

Oph y th e t e x t —book of R osicruci a n

,
I
A M E R CA N COLON E S , Lodg e s e st abl i sh e d in I ,

ph il osophy 1 1 3 49 , , .
by G r a nd Lodge of A nci e n ts I v 1 1 2 6
“
, , .
2m 6 IN D E X
A I
M ER CA N R I TE (cf . D e gr ee s T ho m a s A I M S IC E X I
NT -
A h i story f th
ON C TE M E N T , o e,

S m i th W e bb
found e r of V th e th e , , i n th U S VI 1 6 7 7 e . .
, , .

1 2 92 ; th e M a rk d e gr e e incorpor a t e d i n A I C v 3 4 ; n m of L tin Ki ng
NT O H , , 1 2 a e a a

th e 1 1 1 6 5 9 ; h ow th e diff e rs fro m oth e r ,

d m o f th E st v
o 3 6 e a , , 1 2
I Q U I Y schi s m i n th Lodg o f IV
.

, ,

R i t e s v1 1 1 76 5
, , .
A NT T , e e , ,

A I
N C EN T A C C E PT E D S COTT I SH R I TE ( se e 1 35 1 .

S cotti sh R i t e
”
a n d cf D e gr e e s A I QU I I S
NT J S
T E i nd bt dn ss o f
OF OS E P H U , e e e

Y
.

A N CI R oy a l L g nd f th Cr ft to
“
C
EN T R A FT M A S ON R , th e th e e e 69 o e a , 1, .

A rch
"
r e cogni z e d as p a rt o f, A D 1 8 1 3 , . . AN T A GON I S tripl s ri s of i n M
SM , a e e e , a

I v, 1 1 3 2 son ic S y m bol i s m V 1 2 3 9 , , .

K S p ropri t ry m rks
.

A I L
N C EN T A N DM A R , e a a A E T RE
P PL T V m tin g of Lodg s
E A ER N , ee e

i m port n t f tu r o f
a 8 3 ea e , 1 1 1, 1 . t IV 88
a , 88 5 88 7 ; m tin g o f S p
, 2, , ee een

AN I C EN TM Y for m rly fou r dA S ON R , e e l tiv M son s t th i n 7 6 III 8 5 8

a e a a e, 1 1 , , .

gr s VI 5 3 4
ee 1 A PP I I
L CA T ON rly for m o f for i ni ti
, an ea , a

MY
. , .

A I
N C EN T I S co m p ri son o f F r
S TE R E ,
a ee tion to th R oy l A rch V 1 5 9 e a . . 2 .

ma son ry a n d obj ection to

th e , 1 , 1 7 4 ; A I bond m n m i h t n ot b co m
P P R E N T CE , a a g e e,
th e ory th a t F r e e m a son ry i s d e ri v e d III 6 ; m u st b physic l ly sound III
, 10 e a , ,

fro m th e 1 1 1 86 6 ,
6 1 2 ; posi tion o f th i n F r nch Gu ilds e, e ,

K
, .

I
A N C E N T Y OR M A S O N s , th e titl e of A thol III 6 7 ; , of th m rk by th i n
1 u se e a e,

G r a nd Lodg e M a son s, , 1 2 7 2 V . early S cotti sh M son y 1 660 a r , 11 , .

I
A N C E N TS
”
an d M od e rn s , e pi th e ts a p A I C GE th rly IV 95 0
P P R E N T CE H AR , e ea , , .

pl i e d to br e th r e n und e r th e riv a l G r an d A PPRE TI C S y oung m m b rs o f Coll gi

N E , e e e a

L odg e s of E ngl a nd , , 1 1 05 f ; , 1 1553

i’
IV . V . Fa b r o r u m l i k e thos e in S ton e m a s ons ’

I
A N C E N T S , G r a nd Lo dg e o f , e st abl i sh e d Lodg e s 1 1 5 02 ; r e gul a tion s r e g a rd i ng
, , ,

in 1 7 5 3 , I v, 1 1 04, 1 1 06 ; v 1 1 , 2 01 0 ; p op u i n th e S tr a sbu rg Consti tu tion s III 7 5 1 ; , ,

l a r i ty of th e , I v, 1 1 1 9; fi rst Col oni a l s e v e n y e a rs i nd e ntu r e o f IV 92 0 ; st a tus , ,

w a rr a n t gr a n t e d by th e, , 1 2 6 4 ; Lo dg e s V o f th e i n O p e r a ti v e Lodg e s IV 944
, , , ,

e st a bl ish e d i n Ca n a d a by th e , , 1 126 ; IV 948 ; r e gul a ti on con trolling 1 7 2 3 IV , , ,

all Colon i a l Lodg e s in P e nnsyl v a ni a 1 1 2 9; m a rks gr a n t e d to in S cotl a nd , ,

w a rr a nt e d by , v 1 1 , 2 01 1 ; R oy a l A rch a s 1 1 1 809 ; r a nk i nst e a d of d e gr ee in e a rly

,

pr a ctic e d by v 1 2 5 7 ; in fl u e nc e o f th e on
, , , S cotti sh Lodg e s 1 1 1 6 48 ; a d m i ssion f e e , ,

th e R oy a l A rch V 1 2 88 ; u nion o f th e , , o f th e i n e a rly S cotti sh Lodg e s 1 1 1

, , ,

w i th G L O f th e M od e rn s v 1 155 6 5 0 ; st a tus of w h e n M a son ry con si st e d

”
. .
, , .
,

A N DE R S O N R EV
, JA M ES . of bu t tw o d e gr e e s I v 976 ; e a rly S p e c , ,

T e m pl e Le g e nd a n d th e ory fi rst p r o m u l u l a ti v e M a sonic r e gul a tion s r e g a rding ,

g a t e d by I 7 ; T e m pl e Le g e nd a b a n
, , IV , 91 7 .

d o n e d by 1 1 5 7 ; t r e a t m e n t of B a bylon
, , A I I
P P RE N T CE S H P, strict r e gul a tion s r e g a rd
Le g e n d by I 5 8 ; th e ory o f th a t E noch
, , , in g III 6 , , 12 .

fou nd e d Geo m e t ry a n d M a son ry 1 1 , , A I N N I GH

RAB A fa bl e d conn e ction of th e TS, ,

40 1 ; P yth a gor e a n phil osophy f am il i a r w i th S cotti sh R i t e VII 1 8 1 2 , , .

to 1 1 3 66 ; vi e w s o f on th e P yth a gor e a n
, , , A R CH OF E N OC H a d e gr e e o f R a m s a y p r ae , ,
origi n of F r ee m a son ry 1 1 3 6 4 ; th e o ry , , tic e d i n A m e ric a u ntil 1 8 2 0 v 1 2 7 2 , , .

o f a s to th e origin of F r e em a son ry 1
, , , A R CH I TE CT S COTT I S H a , t e r m in trod uc ed ,

1 1 7 ; in fl u e nc e o f on th e r e con st ruction , in to M a son ry by R a m s a y II 2 7 7 , , .

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i n VI I 1 889 1 890 1 8 92
, , , , .

e r a ti e vrit u a l fol lo w e d I V 93 7 ; Fel , ,

D A LCH O FR E DE R I C a n o rg a ni z e r of th e S n
, ,
l o w s m a d e M a st e r M a son s by O ffi ci a l p r e m e Council A A S R v11 18 10 , . . . .
, ,
a ppoint m e nt I V 944 ; n u m b e r n e c e ss a ry
, , 1 86 7 .

to consti tu t e an e a rly lodge I v 892 , , ,

DA L KI E TH E A RL OF, th e s e v e nth G M
, TH E . .

93 8 ; m e e ting pl a c e s of e a rly l odg e s 1 1 1

-
, ,
o f E ngl a n d , 1 7 2 3 , I v , 906 .

6 1 0 ; IV 8 8 5 ; VII 2 008 ; cr e a ting n e w

, ,
D A LLA W A Y , R E V J A M E S , , 5 3 4 . II .

lodge s w ithou t w a r ra nts v 1 2 2 9 1 2 3 1 , , , ,

I
D A M E TTA , c a ptu r e o f , v , 1 3 2 3
I Y
.

1 2 3 3 ; l odg e s u s e d as pol i tic a l c e n tr e s D A S S I GN Y S E N Q U R , v 1 1 , 2 0 1 1

’

, .

v1 1 , 181 5 ; so m e of th e O p e r a tiv e an d D A U M ON T T E M PLA R S , , 1 3 40

’
V .

S p e cul a tiv e u s a g e s co m p a r e d IV 8 94 , , , VI
D A Y , D A D E , G G H P , 1 889, , 1 3 02 . . . . V .

8 97 ; th e b e ginning of lodg e no m e ncl a D E A CON , so m e ti m e ti tl e O f pr e sidin g O ffic e r

tu r e VI I 2 008
, , . in ea rly S cotti sh Lodg e s , , 6 48 III .

O f th e E a rly S cotti sh M a son s 62 9 D E A N , R E V P A U L, G G H P , 1 8 3 5 1 8 44,

I I I
-
, , . . . . .

6 45 6 46 6 62 ; suppr e ssion O f
, l ea gu e s “ ”
V , 1 3 01 .

a n d I nst tu t on of i D e a con or M a st e r
i DE A T H , sy m bol ic u se o f, by ea rly M a sons ,
M a son I I I 6 3 4 ; D e a con shi p a bol
, ,
“
II , 3 08 .

i s h e d a n d W a rd e ns c r e a t e d 1 1 1 6 3 5 ;
“
, ,
I
D E CLA R A T ON OF M A S ON C I N DE P E N DE N CE I
p a tron s an d prot e ctors III 6 3 6 ff ; e a rly , , . of th e U S fro m G B , D e c 6 , 1 78 2 ,
. . . . .

s e l f gov e rn m e n t of th e Cr a ft 1 1 1 64 1 ;
-
, ,
VI
, 1 65 1 1 65 5 . .

u s ag e s pr e scrib e d by th e S e h aw S t a t D E GR E E S , F r e nch Gr a nd Lodg e , a g a i nst th e

u t e s 1 1 1 642 6 44 S cotti sh M a sons in
, , , . G r a n d O ri e nt , a schi s m a tic body , V ,
th e 1 7 th c e n t u ry 1 1 1 6 46 66 2 ; co r , ,
- 12 14 .
2 02 4 IN D E X
D EGR E E , bu t so c ll d of
on e , a e , O e a e p r tiv all e gory o f th e sa id, 1, 126 ; A sh m ol e
r
F eem a sons I V , , 946 . to h av e a ppl i e d a bibl ic a l a l l gory to e

bs nc
D E G R E E S , th e a e e O f ,in O e a e p r tiv th e 1 1, 2 7 4 : th e T e m pl e Le g e nd i n
,

r t rniti s
F a e e w , 93 8 . 943 . 944 . 946 . 96 4.
.
th e I v 96 5 ; th e H i r a m i c Le g e nd in
, ,

969 97 1 97 4
. . . th e V , 1 2 43 ; th e ory conn e cting th e
,

m a rtyrdo m o f J a m e s d e M ol a y w i th ,
1 1 2 6 5 ; int rod ucti on a n d a dopti on O f
T H E A M E R CA N I , OR S o CA LLE D Y OR K ,

th e , I v , 97 8 , 997 , 998 , 1 00 1 , 1 0 1 4- 1 0 1 5 ;
R I TE
d v lop
e e ment an d spr d o f
ea IV
th e , ,

S y m bol ic D e gr e e s ( cf S y m b ol is m . IV 1 00 1 ; modific t ion of i n

a , th e d e
con fe rr e d in a Bl u e o r S y m bol ic
“ ”
v e l op m e n t of th e y l
Ro a rch V
A , ,

Lodg e : O p e r a ti v e b a s e for th e thr ee , 1 2 3 9ff ; R oy a l A rch ori gin a lly th e

.

IV , 900 , 992 ; me so
hi storic a l sourc e s co m pl e tion of th e v 1 1 2 0 1 0 ; d ivi sion , ,

of s p a r a t e not w orke d
th e , I v , 93 7 ; e , o f th e i nto l e c tur e s a ttribut e d to
,

p rior to th e e ight ee n th c e n tu ry v 1 1 , , E n ti c k VI I 1 7 69 ;
, E ngl i sh ,a nd
2 006 ; O pinion o f M a soni c schol a rs a s F r e nch e xpr e ssi on for a dv a nc e m en t ,

to th e origin o f th e I I I 6 7 2 ; fa bri , , III 8 73

, .

c a tion o i th e I V 8 99; v 1 1 1 805 ; d e , , , Ca pi tul a r D e gr ee s , c on fe rr e d u nd e r th e

v e l op m e n t of th e O l d O p e r a tiv e R i t ch a rt e r o f a R oy a l A rch Ch apt e r ’
into th r ee S p e cul a tiv e d e gr e e s 4 M a rk M a st e r s D e gr ee ( cf M a son s
'
u al , . .

I V 95 8 ; sy m bol ic a l a ppli e d t o th e
,
“ ”
h i story of th e ri se a n d
fi rst thr e e 1 1 2 7 1 ; i ntroduction o f
, , p rogr e ss o f th e , 1 1 1 , 8 1 6 8 3 5 ; ch a r a c -

th e syst e m of I v 940 95 2 ; origin of , , , te r a n d l e g e nd a ry h i sto r y of th e, , III

“
s e ctions in th e VI I 1 76 5 1 76 9
”
, , , . 660, 8 2 5 8 3 4 ; f a bl e d r e l a tion O f H i r a m
-

E nt e r e d A ppr e n tic e s D e gr e e ( Cf A bi t to th e , 1 1 1 , 8 2 7 , 8 3 2 , 8 3 4 ; suppo

’
H .

t r a d iti on a s to fa b siti ou a s to th e origin o f th e , , III

r i c a tion O f th e 11 3 1 1 ; m od e l e d ou t
, ,
6 5 9 ; r e a l h is toric a l origin of th e ,
of on e pri m i tiv e ri tu al I V 95 8 992 , , , , 1 1 1 , 8 2 0, 8 2 4, 8 3 0 ; o rigi n of th e, in
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 4 ; a doption of th e I v 940
, , , , S c otl a nd , 1 1 1 , 6 60, 8 1 7 , 8 2 4, 83 2 ; r e
95 9 ; con f e rr e d in subord in a t e l a tion O f th e , to e a rly p ropri e t a ry
“
95 2 ,

Lodg e s I v 1 0 1 2 ; th e sy m bol i s m of
, , m a rks , , 81 5, 816 ; IIIsou rc e of th e
th e , VI I , 1 75 6 . ritu a l of th e , 1 1 1 , 8“2 5 , 8 3 0, 8 3 2 , 83 3 ;
2 . Fe llo w —
Cr a f t
’
s D e gr e e ( cf . Fe l signific a nc e o f th e M a rk in th e , 1 1 1 ,
l ow Cr a fts ) non e xi st e nc e of 8 2 6 , 8 2 7 8 3 1 , 8 3 3 8 3 4 ; th e j e w e l o f
”
- -
th e , - -

b e for e 1 7 1 7 1 1 2 72 ; I v 97 6 1 000 ;
, , , , th e , , III
8 3 1 ; in t roducti on o f th e ,
inv e n tion o f th e I V 95 7 95 9 960 , ,
-
, , in to S p e cul a t iv e M a son ry , 1 1 1 , 8 5 3 ;
1 003 ; m od e l e d ou t O f on e pri m i tiv e giv e n i n S cotl a nd i n A D 1 7 78 , 1 1 1 , . .

ri tu a l I v 992 1 01 0 1 01 4 ; e a rly el e
, , , , 6 60 ; origin a ll y a n a pp e nd a g e to Fe l
m en ts of th e IV 95 9; v1 1 1 7 45 ; od d l ow Cr a ft s d e gr ee i n S cotl a nd , 1 1 1 ,
’
-
, , ,

nu m b e rs in th e IV 93 1 ; v1 1 1 766 ; , , , 8 1 8 ; a l so i n E ngl a nd , 1 1 1 , 8 2 1 ; c a rli

l e sson s i n th e al l e gory of th e I v , , e s t m e ntion O f th e , i n E ngl a nd , A D . .

1 01 1 ; V I I 1 7 5 6 1 7 65 ; a dopti on o f
, ,
1 777 , 1 1 1 , 8 2 1 ; v1 1 , 2 00 7 ; not de fi
th e I V 960 1 0 1 1 ; fi rs t c on f e rr e d i n
, , , n i tel y int r oduc e d in to E ngl a nd t il l
th e G r a nd Lodg e o f E ngl a nd I V 992 , , , 1 8 5 6 , a n d th e n un d e r a n i n d e p e n d
1 0 1 2 ; D e s a g u l i e r s c on f e rr e d in S c ot , e n t j u ri sd iction c a ll e d M a rk G r a nd
ti sh Lodg e I V 997 ; w h e n s u b or d i
, , Lodg e , 1 1 1 , 8 1 7 ; th e , i n I r el a nd , 1 1 1 ,
n a t e Lodg e s fi rst con f e rr e d th e I V , , 8 1 7 ; not kno w n i n F r a nc e , I t a ly ,
960 993 , 999 ; th e M a rk D e gr ee a
, S p a in , or Ge r m a ny , 1 1 1 , 8 1 7 ; i nt ro
p a rt of th e in S cotl a nd 1 1 1 8 1 8
, , , . duction a n d e a rly pr a ctic e of th e , in
M a st e r M a son s D e g r e e ( cf Ca n a d a , v , 1 2 8 7 ; in troduction o f th e ,
’ “
3 . M as .

te r M a son s ) non e xi st e nc e of
”
-
, in th e U n i t e d S t a t e s , 1 1 1 , 8 2 2 ; 1 8 th
a m ong O p e r a tiv e M a son s I v 946 , , , c e ntu ry r e cord m e n tion of th e , i n th e
96 4 969 97 4 ; prob a bl e p e riod o f ori
, , U n it e d S t a t e s , v , 1 2 7 5 , 1 2 7 8 , 1 2 80 ;
gin I I 2 7 2 ; non e xi st e nc e of pri or
, ,
-
, r e cord of con fe rring , in A D 1 8 07 , v , . .

to 1 7 2 3 I V 98 2 98 3 989 ; r ecord o f
, ,
th e in 1 7 2 7 v 1 1 2 009 ; th e i nv e n tion
, ,
of th e xv 95 9 97 5 978 993 ; O p e ra
, ,
ti v e r a nk O f M a st e r prob a bly sug
“ ”
, , 1 2 8 8 ; origin a lly conf e rr e d i n Cr a ft
, or Bl u e Lodg e s , 1 1 1 , 660, 8 2 2 , 8 2 4 ;
. , .
so m e ti m e w ork e d in in d e p e nd e n t
M a rk Lodg e s 1 1 1 8 1 8 8 2 3 8 2 5 ; V
, , , , , ,

g e st e d n e e d O f th e I V 1 0 1 3 ; m od e l e d , , 1 2 8 4 ; so m e ti m e c on f e rr e d by G .

fro m on e pri m i tiv e I v 992 ; so m e , , o f P rinc e s of J e rus al e m of th e A A . .

sou rc e s of th e dog m a of th e 1 1 7 2 ; , , S R 1 1 1 65 9 8 1 7 82 5 ( c f v 1 2 7 5
. .
, , , , .
, ,

sou rc e s of th e sy m bol i s m o f th e ( c f . i n fl u e nc e O f W e bb on th e v , ,

S y m bol i s m 7 4 ; II 4 1 6 ; I v 1 2 92 ; posi tion of th e i n m od e rn ri t

“
1 , , , ,

96 5 ; v. 13 47 ; vn , 1 75 5 . 1 7 69 1 7 7 1 ;
. u al 1 1 1 8 1 7 8 2 5 ; m a d e a ch a pt e r d e
, ,
-

“
loss an d r e cov e ry V , , 1 2 3 9; th e gr e e i n 1 8 5 6 1 1 1 8 2 4 ; first c a p i tu, ,

w ord origin a lly a p a rt O f th e , , V l a r in th e A m e ric a n R it e 1 1 1 8 1 7 , , ,

1 2 40, 1 2 4 1 , 1 2 42 , 1 2 5 2 ; VI I , 1 7 5 7 ; th e 8 1 8 ; G G Ch a pt e r e st a bl i sh e s th e
. . .
20 2 6 IN D E X
d e gr ee s VI 1 5 5 0 1 5 5 9 1 5 6 2 ; p ur
, , , , A m e ric a n Colon i e s , V , 1 3 69 ; rl i e st ea
pos e o f th e VI 1 5 66 , , . r e cord of c on f e rrin g th e , i n A m e ric a ,

8 R oy a l M a st e r s D e gr ee m od e rn ori A ugu st 2 8 1 7 69 v 1 3 70 1 3 7 1 1 3 8 3 ;
’

. , , , , , ,

gin of th e VI 1 5 5 0 ; ea rl i e st m en , ,
VI 1 6 1 3 ; c on fe rr e d in Ch a rl e ston
, ,

tion of VI 1 5 5 6 ; p re c e d e nc e O f th e
, , , 5 C in 1 78 2 8 3 v 1 3 7 3 ; VI 1 6 1 2
. .
-
, , , ,

fin a lly e st a bli sh e d VI 1 5 5 7 , , . 1 6 1 3 ; l a t e r r e cord s of V 1 3 73 1 3 76 , , , ,

9 S e l e ct M a st e r s D e gr ee th e ory th a t
.
’

, 1 3 78 1 3 79 ; VI 1 6 1 2 ; l i st of ea rly
, ,

M a rk a n d M ost E xc e ll e n t M a st e r s
’
d a t e s an d pl a c e s of con f e rring th e i n ,

w a s inv e n t e d l a t e r th a n th e VI 1 5 49 ; , ,
A m e ric a V 1 3 83 ; supposi ti on th a t
, ,

m od e rn ori gin O f V I 1 550 ; e a rly , , Lodg e s con f e rr e d prior to th e R e v ,

p r a ctic e of th e VI 1 5 49 1 5 5 2 1 5 6 2 ; , , , , ol u tion a r y W a r V 1 3 7 2 ( cf V , , . .

r e l a ti v e position o f th e in M a sonic , w orking of th e und e r w a r ,

c urriculu m V I 1 5 49 1 5 6 7 ; R oy al , , , r a nts o i M a st e r M a son s Lo dg e s VI '

, ,

A rch d e gr e e a pr e r e qui si t e for VI , , 161 1, 1612, 1613 q u e s ti o n o f th e

;
l e gi ti m a cy o f v
.

1 5 60 . Lo d g e c on fe r r e d , ,
~

S up e r E xc e ll e n t M a st e r s D e gr ee 1 3 80 1 3 8 2 ; so ti und r th e R oy
’
10 .
- -
me me e

an ption a l d e gr e e
O strictly , not a i A rch j u ri sd icti on v 1 3 7 1 1 3 72 , , , ,

Cryptic VI 1 5 6 7 , , . 1 3 8 2 ; onc e d e p en d e n t u po n th e A .

Ch iv a l ric O rd e rs con f e rr e d und e r th e , A R V 1 3 70 1 3 78 ; d ropp e d a s

.
, , ,
ch a rt e r O f a Co m m a nd e ry o f K n igh ts a ch a pt e r d e gr e e in 1 7 96 V 13 71 ; , ,

T e m pl a r : d e v e lop m e n t of i nd e p e nd e n t body fo r
I I I l lu striou s O rd e r o f th e R e d Cross
. con fe rrin g th e v 1 3 72 , ,

( con f e rr e d by Kn igh ts T e m pl a r , 13 Kn igh ts of M a l ta ( an app e nd ant

.

m ee ting a s a Counci l o f Co m p a n ion s O rd e r ) i ntroducti on of th e i nto th e, ,

o f th e R e d Cross ) : t r adi tion a l d e ri U ni t e d S t a t e s V 1 3 8 1 ; e a rly m e ntion , ,

v a tion of th e V 1 3 2 7 1 3 7 1 ; no r el a , , , of VI 1 6 2 5 ; qu e stion o f th e l eg i ti
, ,

tion of th e to pri m i ti v e R e d Cros s , m a cy o f w h e n conf e r r e d by Lodg e , ,

of R o m e a n d Const a n tin e V 1 3 09 , , ,
v 1 3 80 1 3 82
,
-
.

1 3 70 (cf v th e ory of th e
,
I I SH
.

d e riv a tion O f fro m th e 1 5 th an d 1 6 th A NC EN T AN D A CCE PT E D S COTT R 11 1:

d e gr e e s of th e A A S R V 1 3 7 1
,

. . . .
, , ,
( cf . S COTT I SH R I TE
"
)
1 3 91 ; VI 1612 ; th e sou rc e O f th e
, I n e ff a bl e or S ubl i m e D e gr e e s 1 4th ) ( 4th -

a ll e gory in V 1 3 7 1 ; not th e s a m e as
, , con fe rr e d in a Lodge o f P e rf e ction
th e R os e Croi x V 1 3 7 1 ; p rob abl e , , o rigin of th e in F r a nc e v 1 1 1 805 ; , , ,

sou rc e of th e R i tu al of v 1 3 7 1 1 3 91 ; , , , spr ea d o f to Ger m any v 1 1 1 805 ; , , ,

i ntroduction O f i nto th e U ni te d . tr a d i tion a l in fl u enc e of F r e d e rick th e

S t a t e s v 1 3 7 9 ; not m e n tion e d in G r ea t VI I 1 80 5 06 1 8 1 1 ; M orin s p a
’
-
, , , , ,

e a rly a ccoun ts o f th e T e m pl a r O r ten t a n d in troduct ion of th e i n t o ,

d er V 1 3 7 1 ; con fe rr e d i n Ch a rl e s
, , A m e ric a VI I 1 806 09 ; d e fin i t e e s
, ,
-

ton S C i n 1 8 7 2 v 1 3 7 3 ; VI 1 6 1 2 ;
, . .
, , , tabl i s h m e n t o f th e in A m e ric a at ’

l a t e r r e cord m e n tion e d of th e V 1 3 73 , , , Ch a rl e ston S C in 1 80 1 v1 1 1 8 1 0 ; , . .

, ,

1 3 7 6 1 3 78 1 3 79 ; VI
, 1 6 1 2 ; so m e ti m e
, , r e l a tion of th e to th e Blu e Lo dg e ,

con fe rr e d by Lodg e s V 1 3 79; qu e s , , d e gr ee s V1 1 1 868 1 8 74 ; a l l e gory

, , ,

tion of th e l e gi ti m a cy o f Lodg e con -

an d sy m bol is m of V 1 1 1 86 7 ; th e , ,
f e rr e d v 1 3 80 1 3 8 2 ; a tt a ch e d to th e
, ,
-
pu rpos e of v i 1 1 8 70 ; c on fe rring of , ,
Ch a pt e r d e gr ee s i n ou r R e vol u tion th e a t A lb a ny N
, Y in 1 76 7 v 1 1 , . .
, , ,

ary e a v 1 3 7 2 ( cf v
r , , de .
, 1 864 ; d ifi e r e n c e b e t w e e n th os e of th e
v e l op m e n t O f in d e p e nd e nt body for S ou th e rn a n d N o rth e rn j u risdiction ,
con fe rring th e V 1 3 7 2 1 3 7 3 1 3 7 7 , ,
-
, . VI I 1 85 9 , .

12 O rd e r o f K nigh ts T e m pl a r fund a
.
, 4 . S cr t M st r th origin of 1 1
e e 74 ; a e , e , , 2
m e nt a l p ri ncipl e s O f th e m e d i e v a l V 13 1 1 ;
, 1 847 8 48 86 7 ; con v1 1 , , 1 , 1
ord e r i n th e V 1 3 68 ; Ch ri sti a n ch a r , , f rring of
e t A lb ny i n 7 6 7 VI I , a a , 1 , ,
a ct e r O f th e v 1 3 69 1 3 8 2 ; R eb ol d s 1 86 4
’

, , , .

th eo ry of a m yth ic a l 1 1 2 74 ( cf 1 1 , , .
, 5 P e rf e ct M a st e r , 1 1 , 2 7 4 ; v 1 1 , 1 8 47
. .

n a m e of th e in th e R am s ay , 6 I n ti m a t e S e cr e t a ry ,
.
, 1 8 47 , 1 8 48 VI I .

R i t e V 1 2 48 ; con f e rr e d in I r e l a nd
, , 7 P rovost a n d J udg e , v 1 1 , 1 8 47 1 8 48
.
, .

I n 1 77 9 V 1 3 7 1 ; th e ori e s of th e i n
, , 8 I nt e nd a n t of th e B u il ding , v 1 1 , 1 8 47 ,
.

v e n tion of th e i n th e U ni t e d S t a t e s , 1 8 48
v 1 3 91 ; VI 1 6 1 1 1 6 1 3 ; th e ory of
.

, , , 9 E l e ct e d
. ni gh t of th e N in e , V 1 1 , K
th e d e ri v a tion of th e R i tu a l of fro m , 1 84 7 , 1 8 48 .

th e 2 4th d e gr e e of th e A A S R . . . .
, 1 0 I ll ustrious E l ect of th e Fift e e n , v 1 1 ,
.

v 1 3 91 ; VI 1 6 1 2 ; A m e ric an an d
, , 1 8 47 .

E ngli sh ri tu a l s o f th e d i ff e r V 1 3 70 , , , , 11 S ub l i m e
. n igh ts E l e ct of the K
1 3 91 ; e a rly ri tu a l of sti ll p r e se rve d , T w e lv e v 1 1 1 847 1 8 48
, . , . .

V 1 3 70 ; d e v lop m en t o f th e ri tu a l
, e 12 G r and M a st e r A rch it e ct , v 1 1 , 1 847
. .

of VI 1 6 1 6 ; m a gnific e nc e of th e VI
, , 13 K
nigh t of th e N i nth A rch , o r R oy
, , .

1 602 ; e a rly m n ti on of th e i n th e
e , a l A rch of S olo m on , V I I , 1 847 .
 IN D E X 2 02 7

14 .Gr a nd E l e ct , P e rf e ct an d S ubl i m e d e fin i t e e s t abli sh m e n t o f th e by th e ,

M a son , v 1 1 , 1 847 . S upr e m e Counci l a t Ch a rl e ston S , .

Tr a di tion a l or H istoric al D e gr ee s , con C VI I 1 8 48 ; n e w con sti tu tion s o f

.
, ,

fe rr e d i n a Counci l of P rinc e s of th e r a tifi e d M ay I

, 1 7 86 vi 1 1 86 4 ; , , ,

J e rus a l e m th e t ru e n a tu r e of th e v 1 1 1 8 76 , , .

15 . K ni gh t of th e E a st v 1 1 1 848 , , . T r a d i tion a l O bsol e t e D e t a ch e d e tc D e

, , , .
,

16 . P rinc e of J e rus a l e m V 1 2 7 5 1 2 80 ; , , , r ee 5
VI I 1 8 48 ( cf III 6 5 9 8 1 7
, .
, ex , , A d e pt of th e E a gl e , a tr adi tion a l R osi
c l u s iv e ch a r a ct e r of th e v 1 1 1 869 ; , , cruci a n D e gr ee ,

r e l a ti on o f th e ea rly to R oy a l A rch , A rch of E noch a R a m s a y D e gr e e p r ae ,

M a son ry V 1 1 1 8 1 0 1 8 45
, , , . tic e d i n A m e ric a ti ll 1 8 2 0 V 1 2 72 , , .

P hil osoph ic a l D e gr e e s con f e rr e d in a , Bonn e vil l e D e gr ee s so m e o f th e VII , , ,

Ch a pt e r o f R os e Croi x : 1 805 , 1 8 1 6 .

1 7 K nigh t of th e E a st a n d W e st VI I
.
, , Ce rn e a u D e gree , , 1 3 88 ; V 1 1 , 1 8 5 3 V .

Ch ar ta n i e r s D e gr ee s ,
’
1 8 48 .

18 . P rinc e R os e Croi x , r e l a ti on of th e , Ch e v a l i e r M a con E cos s a i s , on e of th e

to R osicruci ani s m o r H e r m e tic P h i “
H i gh D e gr ee s d e v e lo pe d i n th e
d e riv a tion of
_

l os Op h y , 1 1 , 3 5 4 Lodg e of S t Ge r m a in e , 1 1 , 2 7 1 , 2 75. .

th e t e r m , 1 1 , 3 5 7 ; sy m bol s of th e , , II Cl e r m on t H igh D e gr ee s ,
”
a l i st of
3 5 7 , 3 5 8 ; signific a nc e of th e o rigi so m e o f th e , v 1 1 , 1 805 ; ch a r a ct e r of
n al d e gr ee o f, 1 1 , 3 5 6 ; Chri sti a n th e , , 1817VII .

ch a r act e r o f th e , 1 1 , 3 58 ; Con st a n tin e R e d Cross , a d e gr ee o f th e

fl
i n u e nc e of R o m a n Ca thol ic S pi ri t Const a n tin e O rd e rs o f nightho od, K
on th e ea rly , 1 1 , 292 ; th e ory of th e v , 1 3 7 off .

V
ori gi n of, , 1 3 2 7 ; w ork e d in N ew E coss a is , on e of th e R am s a y “ H igh
Y ork as e a rly a s 1 7 97 , V 1 1 , 1 8 1 0 ; e x D e gr ee s , 1 1 , 3 5 2 ; v , 1 2 48 , 1 2 5 1
’
.

e l usiv e ch a r a ct e r o f, v 1 1 , 1 86 9 ; e m Gold e n R osic ruci a n , th e nin e d e gr ee s

bodi e s no H e r m e tic P hil osophy i n its o f, 1 1 , 3 5 4 3 5 5 -
.

pr e se n t form , 1 1 , 3 5 5 , 3 5 6 ; d e fini t e r a nd H e r m e tic Ch a nc el lo r , a tr a d i

a dopti o n of th e, i n th e A A S R , . . . . ti on a l d e gr e e o f R osicruci a n o rigin ,
v 1 1 , 1 8 48 . 1 1, 3 54
Co nsi stori a l D e gr e e s , c on f e rr e d i n a H a u t s Gr a d e s ( H igh D e gre e s
e
“

Consist ory o f 3 2 d D e gr ee , A A S R R a m s ay s syst e m of 1 1 2 8 4 ; V 1 2 05

’
. . . .
, , , .

M a son s , i n N o rth e rn J u ri sdiction H e r e d om of K il w inn ing on e of th e

.

( S outh e rn J u ri sdiction con fe rs l gth tw o d e gr e e s of th e R oy a l O rd e r of

3 oth in a Counci l of K a dos h ) S c otl a nd 1 1 2 7 9; v1 1 1 908 1 91 0
, , , , .

1 9 Gr a nd P on tifi , V 1 1 , 1 8 48
. . H e r m e tic K nigh t a t r a d i tion a l d e gr ee ,

2 0 Gr a n d M a st e r of S y m bolic Lo dg e s ,
. of R osicruci a n origin 1 1 3 5 4 , , .

v 1 1 , 1 8 48 . I ll e gi ti m a t e D e gr ee s th e n am e s of ,

21 .N oa chi t e, or P ru s sia n night , v1 1 , K so m e v 1 1 1 866 , , .

1 4 K night of th e E a gl e an d P e l ic a n 1 1 , ,

22 . K nigh t of th R oy a l A x e , or P rinc e
e 2 0.
8 3 55
of Li b an u s , V 1 1 , 1 848 . Kn gh t o f
i E a st ( c fx al so A A S
th e . . .

23 Chi e f of th e T a b e rn a cl e ,
.
, 1 8 48 VI I . R , 1 5 sup r a ) , a d e gr ee of th e F r e nch
.

2 4 P rinc e of th e T a b e rn a cl e ,
.
, 1 8 48 VII . R i te , v , 1 2 1 8 .

25 . K
ni gh t o f th e B ra e n S e rp e n t, , z VI I K n igh t R os e Croi x ( c f A A S R , . . . . .

1 8 48 1 8 supr a ) , a d e gr ee of th e F r e nch
2 6 P r m c e o f M e rcy ,
.
, 1 8 48 VI I . R i t e, v , 1 2 1 8 .

27 . K ni ght Co m m a nd e r of th e Te m pl e, K nigh t o f th e S u n ( c f A A S R 2 8 . . . . .

VI I
, 1 848 . su p r a ) , on e of th e P e r n e l ty d e gr e e s,
28 . K ni gh t o f th e S u n, or P rinc e 1 1 , 2 53 .

A d e pt , V II
, 1 8 48 . K nigh t Te m pl a r D e gr ee ( c f A or Y . . .

2 9 G r a nd S c ottish
. n igh t of S t A n K . R i t e , 1 2 supr a ) , on e o f th e R a m s a y
d r e w , , 1 8 48 VII .
“
H igh D e gr ee s ,
”
11 , 3 52 ( cf v1 1 , .

30 . Knigh t Ka d os h , v 1 1 , 1 848 . 1 53
3 1 I n sp ec tor
. I nqu i si tor Co m m an d er, K n ighthood D e gr ee s , v a riou s h i stori c
VI I
, 1 8 47 , 1 8 48 . a n d tr a d i ti on e d , 1 1 , 3 5 2 ; v , 1 3 1 0 .

3 2 S iI b l i m e P rinc e o f th e R oy al S e
. P e rf e cti on , th e l a st gr a d e in th e A n
cr e t , e a rly r e cord of con fe rring th e, ci e n t ’M yst e ri e s , , 181 I .

in th e U ni t e d S t a t e s , v 1 1 , 1 809, 1 860 ; R a m s a y s H igh D e gr ee s , 1 , 2 45 , 2 47 ;

“

d e finit e a doption of th e, by th e S u v , 1 2 48 .

pr e m e Council at Ch a rl e s ton , S C , . . R e d Cross o f R o m e an d Const a n tin e ,

v 1 1 , 1 8 48 ; e xcl u siv e ch a r a ct e r of th e , ch a r act e r of th e , , 1 3 1 0ff ; spr ead V .

v 11 1 8 69
, . o f th e v , 1 3 1 6 , 1 3 7 1
, .

Cro w n in g D e gr ee o f th e A A S R , . . . . R osy Cross , th e 2 n d d e gr ee of th e

confe rr e d i n a S upr em e Council R oy a l O rd e r of S c otl a nd , 1 1 , 2 79 ;
3 3 S ov e r e ign G r and I nsp e cto r Ge n e ra l ,
. v1 1 , 1 908 .
 2 02 8 IN D E X
R oy a l rch o f S olo m on a d e gr ee
A ,
D E U S LO M U S ( S u n God ) , a n ea rly sy m bol -

f a bric a t e d by R am s a y I v 1 1 3 0 , , . VI
of D e i ty , , 1 7 1 8 ; V 1 1 , 1 773 , 1 7 7 9 .

S cotti sh A rchi t e ct 1 1 2 77 , , . D E w, a nci e n t sy m bol ic u se of , , 1 7 3 2 VI .

S cotti sh Kn i gh t 1 1 2 7 2 2 90 , , , . I I
D A LE CT C, 3 d l ib e r a l sci e nc e m e ntion e d in
S c otti sh Kn igh t o f S t A nd r e w 1 1 .
, , Le g e n d of th e Cr a ft , 1 , 1 8 .

2 77; D I DR ON , M , M a sonic m a rks d iscov e r e d by ,

.

S c ottI S h M a son , , 1 2 1 8 V . i n E u rop ea n ci ti e s , 1 1 1 , 6 5 8 .

S cotti sh M a st e r , 1 1 , 2 7 7 ; v1 1 , 1 805 . I
D FFE RE N CE S , th e e ss e nti a l , b e t we e n m e di e
I Y
DE T ,
“
T e tr a gr a m m a ton
”
th e H e br e w v al O p e r a tiv e a n d m od e rn S p e cul a tiv e
ti tl e for th e, 1 1 1 , 800 ; , 1 704 ; T i m ae u s VI M a s on ry , 1 1 1 , 86 3 .

o f Locri d e scri b e s , , 1 706 ; 1 m p or tan t VI I Y I

D ON S A C A RT F CER S , th e Le g e nd o f th e , I I
sy m bol s for th e v 1 1 1 7 42 , , . 1 , 1 5 6 ; l a t e r hi story o f th e, I , 1 7 3 ; th e o r y
D E LA LA N DE J OS E P H J ER OM E FRA N QOI S a u
, , o f B r e wst e r th a t M a sons s e nt by ing K
thor o f a H istory of Fr e em as on r y w r 1 t , H i r a m w e r e m e m b e rs of, I , 1 66
I Y I
.

te n for th e F r e nch E ncyclop e d i a V

'

, , D O N S A N A R T S T S , , 1 3 46 I V .

1 1 87 . I Y
D ON S U S , th e M yst e ri e s of , I , 1 68 .

D E LA W A R E , th e Fi rst Lodg e a n d org a ni a z I

D PLO M A S , fa c - si m il e s of O ld ni gh ts T em K
ti on of Gr a nd Lodge i n , , 1 43 1 ; ntro V I pl a r, di scov e r e d i n 1 3 7 8 , , 1 6 1 1 VI .

duction O f R A M a son ry in , , 1 493 ; . . VI I I

D S TR CT or COLU M B A , introducti on O f I
Cryp tic M a sonry in , , 1 5 7 3 ; org a n i
a VI z Fr ee m a son ry in , , 1 43 9 ; fi rst Lodg e V
tion of th e Gr a nd Co m m and e ry and sub a n d org a ni a tion of Gr a nd Lodg e in , z , V
ord in a t e co m m a nd e ri e s in , , 1 605 ; VI 1 43 9; i ntrod uction o f R oy a l A rch M a
S cotti sh R it e M a son ry i n ( se e und e r VI
sou ry in , , 1 495 ; a d m i ssion o f Gr a nd
P e nn sylv a ni a ) . Ch a pt e r of, 1 8 1 6 , , 1 2 98 ; Cryptic M a V
D E M E T E R , th e M yst e ri e s o f , 1 , 1 7 7 . s on r y in, , 1 5 73 ; VI
org a ni a tion O f z
D E M OLA , J A M E S ( seeY M ol ay , J a m e s G r a nd Co m m a nd e ry a n d subord in a t e
d co m m a nd e ri e s i n , , 1 605 ; S cotti sh VI
D E N ER V .COL0 , first s e ssi on o f Ge n e r a l
. R i t e M a s on ry i n , , 1 889, 1 890, 1 892 VII .

G r a nd Council of th e U 5 h e ld a t, i n . . D IVI I
N E W LL, w ri tt e n r e v e l a tion of th e , , VI
1 88 3 , VI
, 1 5 68
1 719 .

Y K
.

DEPU T GRA N D CH A PTER S , th e for m a tion D OM I ICN AN N OR FOL , A , a uthor

FRI A R or
V
of, , 1 294 ; n a”m e ch an ge d to S t a te “
of P ro m ptori u m P a r v u l o r u m , 1 440, 1 1 1 ,
Gr a nd Ch a pt e rs , , 1 29 6 V .
7 80 ; l a t e st e dition , w i th a nnot a tion s by
DE P U T Y GRA N D M A S TE R , cr ea ti on of th e A l b e rt Wa y , 1 86 5 , 1 1 1 , 7 80 .

offic e o f, i n 1 7 2 1 , I v , 905 . D OWLA N D M S ( see und e r Old

“

Y
.

D E QU N CE , T H OM A S , 1 1 , 3 45 ; ignor a nc e
I 1 , 1 4 1 5 , 1 7, 1 8
-
.

of, r e g a rding M a son ry , 1 1 , 3 46 . K

D RA E , FR A N C S I
cont ribution s o f
D ER B Y , CON N , S olo m on Ch a pt e r e st a b
. to th e h i story O f M a son ry , , 1 068 ; IV
l i sh e d at, 1 794, , 1 2 93 V . sp ee ch of, b e for e th e Gr an d Lo dge o f
D E R M OTT , LA U R E N CE , a sk e tch of , I v , 1 1 1 3 ; Y ork , cit e d , 1 1 , 3 68 .

n am e N oae c h idm fo r M a son s r e

“ ”
I I
D R U D S M A N D FR E E M A S ON R , 1 , 1 99 2 1 6 ; Y -

v i v e d by , v 1 1 , 2 003 ; not a found e r of e a rly th e ori e s r e g a rding r e l a tion , 1 , 1 99 ;

G r a n d Lodg e of A nci e n ts , , 20 0
1 VI I . syst em o f th e D ru id s d e scrib e d : c e r e
D ER M OTT GR A N D LO DGE ( a n am e for m ony of th e ini ti a tion a m ong D rui d s , 1 ,
“
A tholl Gr a nd , 1 1 05 IV . 2 03 ; th e F i rst d e gr ee , 1 , 2 03 ; th e S e c ’

D E R W E N T W A TE R , E A R L OF , M a st e r of firs t 0 n d d e gr e e , , 2 04 ; I
th e T hi rd d e gr ee ,
Lodg e i n F r a nc e , 1 1 , 2 8 2 ; v , 1 3 3 7 . I , 2 05 ; v a riou s th e ori e s a s to th e id e n
J
D E S A GU LI E R S , O H N T H E OP H LU S I t ity o f th e D rui ds , , 206 209 ; th e o ri e s I -

th e c e l e br a t e d ri tu a l i st a n d T hi rd G r a nd as to th e d e riv a tion of F r e e m a son ry

M a st e r o f E ngl a nd , 1 1 , 3 6 5 ; , 9 05 ; IV fro m D ruidi s m , 1 , 2 1 0 2 1 4 ; a rgu m e n t -

V1 1 , 1 769 ; on th e st a t e o f M a son ry b e a g a i nst such d e ri v a tion , 1 , 2 1 4 .

ginn ing oi 1 8 th c e n tury , 1 1 , 3 44 ; P y I

D R U DS , so m e th e ori e s r e g a rding th e , a n d
th ag o r e a n P hi losophy kno w n to , 1 1 , F r e e m a son s , 1 1 , 460 ; b a ptis m a m on g
3 66 ; P yth a gor ea n sy m bol s int rod uc e d th e , VI
, 1 73 1 ; so m e p r a ctic e s of th e, , VI I
in to M a son ry by , 1 1 , 3 68 ; i n u e nc e o f , fl 1 760, 1 76 2 , 1 7 6 3 .

on th e d e v e l op m e nt O f S p e cul a ti v e M a D R U M M O N D, J OS A H H , G G H P , 1 8 7 1 , I . . . . .

so mry , 1 1 1 , 8 5 2 ; , 900, 1 006 ; IV, 1 7 69 ; VII V , 1 3 01 ; G G M a st e r , , 1 5 78

. . VI .

th e Fe llo w Cr a f t s d e gr ee i nv e nt e d by , D R U S E S , suppos e d ind e bt e dn e ss of T e m

’
-

I v , 95 8 , 960, 991 992 ; v 1 1 , 1 7 69 ; th e p l a r i s m to th e , I , 2 3 3 ; th e d oct rin e s of ,

-

M a st e r M a son s d e gr e e in v e nt e d by ,
’

, IV I , 23 4 .

97 5 , 991 Ff ; ,. VI I
1 7 69 ; i n u e nc e of , on fl D U A D, th e P yth a gor e a n , V 1 1 , 1 7 3 8 , 1 747 ;
t h e M a soni c R i tu a l , , 91 7 ; p e r m a n e n t IV a m ong th e J e w s , p 1 75 1 ; a m ong th e .

ri tu a l i stic succ e ss o f , , 1 2 89 ; th r ee V M a gi , p 1 7 5 3 ; a m ong th e E gy pti a n s ,

.

d e gr e e s e st a bl i sh e d by , v 1 1 , 1 769 ; E din p 1 7 5 3 ; i n S p ecul a ti v e F r e e m a son ry ,

.

burg Lodg e , r ecord O f v isi t o f, in 1 72 1 , pp 1 7 3 8 1 7 49, 1 7 5 2

.
. .

I v , 1 091 .
D U E FOR M , e a rly u s e o f th e t e r m , , 907 IV
K
.

D E U CH ER, A LE X A N DE R , v , 13 55 . D U E or LORR A N E , , 1 3 2 5 I V .
2 03 0 IN D E X
ET Y M OLOG E S I OE ST . I S IDO R E , e i nd bt dn ss
e e Gr a nd Com m a nd e ry an d subord in a t e
of th e Le g e nd of th e C a r ft to
, 1 , 69 . c om m a nd e r e s i m, VI , 1 606 ; S cot t i sh
I th e t r a d i tion
of in g nd of R t e M a son ry
.

E U CL D, , th e Le e i I n, v 1 1 , 1 88 9, 1 890 , 1 894 .

th e Cr a ft , 1 , 2 0, 6 7 ; m pro in n t points
e FL U DD, DRR OBER T , m ost f a m ou s a n d
.

i n th e Le g e nd o f , 1 , 7 1 ; th e 4 7 th
P ropo e a rl i e st o f E ngl i sh R osic ruci a ns , 1 1 , 3 3 8

Y Y
.

a n d oth r sy bol s fro FOR S T H S

'

s i t io n . e m m , 1 , 42 ; R O A L A R CH CH A PT ER M S .

II
, 3 68 ; Con sti tuti on s of
th e A r t Ge of ~
M in u t e s o f , , 1 2 8 3 V .

o m e tr y a ccording to , w e ri tt n i n
1 3 99, FORT H O W A R D, W I S , fi rst Lodg e org a ni e d . z
III , 8 73 . a t, VI
, 1 460 .

E U GE N I
I I I , P op e , R e d Cross sym bol a s
US FOU L H OU Z E , J A M E S , spuriou s S cott ish R i t e
sign e d to T e m pl a rs by , , 1 3 2 1 , 1 3 2 9 V Council org a n i e d by , v1 1 , 1 8 5 2 z
Y
. .

V I
E A N GE L S T , S T J O H N TH E , fe stiv a l s of, .
FOU R CR OW N E D M A R T R S , Le g e nd o f th e ,
and M a son ry , 1 1 1 , 8 5 0 ; , 88 3 , 903 , IV w h e r e found , 1 , 2 7 , 2 9, 3 4 ; e a rly p a trons
1 075 ; of F r e e m a son ry in Ge r m a ny , , 1 6 ; I IV
I I
E X A M N A T O N , for m o f th e , a m on g m e di e 940 ; n e w ly di scov e r e d f a cts r e g a rdin g ,

v a l M a sons , 1 1 1 , 7 6 5 . VII 2 002 ; E ngli sh sourc e O f th e Le g e nd

,

IV
E X CLU S E N E S S , th e pr a ctic e o f, i n e a rly of VII 2003
, , .

M a son ic G uild s , , 5 86 , 6 1 2 III FOU R O LD LODG E S OF LON DO N th e h istory ,

Y
.

E LA N D, J A M E S , V , 1 3 7 4 o f th e I V 1 1 3 6
, ,

FOWLE H E N R Y th e T e m pl a r R i tu a l d e v e l
. .

, ,

O p e d by a n d O th e rs
, v1 1 61 6 , , .

FRA BRI I CE M E N TA RI I ( S ton e M a son s ) 1 1 ,

492
FRA N c M A OON , th e n a m e o f a F r e em a son
-

F . A
and M ( see . . in fr a , F ree an d Ac i n Fr a nc e , 1 1 1 , 788
c e p te d FR A N CE , R o m a ns i nt roduc e d a rch i t e ctu r e
FA B E R , F e e m a r sonry t r ac e d to D rui di s m in to , 1 1 , 5 03 , 5 06 , 5 2 2 ; e a rly M a son ry in ,
b y , I , 1 99 . 1 1 , 2 82 , 5 1 6 ; e a rly O pe r a tiv e M a son s of ,
I
FA R FA , a f e X ri n d of Cro m w e l l 1 1 2 94 , , . a continu a tion of R o m an Coll e ge s o f
FA LLOU , F A , a . u thor of M yst e ri e n de r A r tifi c e r s , 1 1 , 5 2 3 ; m ost c e l e br a t e d a r
20 1 2 c h i tec ts o f e a rly , 1 1 , 5 2 1 ; G u ild s of th e
F E E S , so m e e a rl y M a sonic , , 1 497 VI . M iddl e A g e s in , 1 1 1 , 66 3 ; O p e r a tiv e M a
FE LLOW , m a rk g i v e n a, in M i ddl e A g e s , 1 1 1 , son s i n , a t pr e s e n t d ay , 1 1 1 , 680 ; F r ee
806 , 8 1 9 . m a s on ry in troduc e d i nto , 1 7 2 5 , 1 1 , 2 7 2 ;
FELLOW CRA FT , u s e o f m a rk by th e , in ea rly
-
S p e cu l a tiv e M a son ry i m port e d i n to , 1 1 ,
S cotti sh M a son ry , , 660 III . 68 1 ; I v , 1 0 1 7 , 1 040 ; e xil e d R oy a l H ous e
FELLOW CR A FTS , e a rly S p e cul a tiv e r e gul a
-
o f E ngl a nd s a i d to h a v e br ough t F r e e
tion s r e ga rd in g th e, , 91 8 ; st a tu s of IV m a son r y i nto , 1 1 , 2 8 7 ; fi rst Lo dg e e s
th e, w h e n M a son ry c on sist e d o f bu t two ta bli s h e d i n , , 283 ; II
fi rst l e g a l Lodg e
d e gr e e s , 1 1 1 , 976 ; sta tu s of th e , in 1 7 2 0 II
i n , 1 7 3 2 , , 2 8 2 ; th e E ngl i sh R itu a l
to 1 7 2 2 , , IV
a d m i ssion f e e O f the , a dopt e d m , , 1 1 95 ; V th e cl e rgy a d m i tt e d
i n ea rly S c otti sh Lo d ge s , 1 1 1 , 6 5 0 . i nto F r e enia s o n ry i n e a rly , 1 1 1 , 8 3 8 , h i s
F E LLOW CR A FT S D E GRE E ( s e e und e r
-
De s
tory of th e Gr a n d Lodg e of, V , 1 1 8 3 ;
gr ee s th e E ngl i sh Gr a n d Lodg e o f , V , 1 1 96 ;
FE LLOW S , r a nk in st e a d of d e gr e e i n e a rly th e N a tion a l G r a n d Lodg e of, a doption
S cotti sh Lodg e s , 1 1 1 , 6 48 , ea rly prov i of ti tl e , , 1 1 9 V
8 ; tw o riv a l G r a nd Lodg e s
sion s r eg a rding , 1 1 1 , 6 1 1 . i n , v , 1 203 , 1 2 2 3 ; th e d e gr ee of M a rk
F E LLO W S , J Q A , , 1 602 . . . VI . M a st e r n ot kno w n i n , 1 1 1 , 8 1 7 ; d e v e lop
I
FE LLO W S H P , th e F iv e P oi nts of , h i st oric a l m e n t of th e R oy a l A rch d e gr e e in , v ,
e vol ution of th e , I v , 93 4 . 1 2 48 ; e l e m e nts of th e R oy a l A rch i n
FE R GU S S ON , J A M E S , a uthor of T r ee an d tr od u c e d into A m e ric a f ro m , , 1 2 89 , V
S e rp e n t Worsh i p , 1 , 2 00 ;
”
, 803 ; of III Ch a pt e r o f R os e Croi x e st a bl i sh e d in ,
R ud e S ton e M onu m e nt s , 1 1 , 5 3 8 ; o f 1 7 47 , 1 1 , 2 80 ; o rigin o f th e G r a nd O ri e n t
“ ”

A rchi t e ctu r e in a l l Countri e s , V

o f, , 1 209 ; R i t e s f a b ric a t e d i n , by R am
“ ”

F J I I I S LA N DS , F r e e m a son ry i n , v 1 1 , 1 999 s ay , 1 73 5 40, 11 2 79 ; S cotti sh R i t e

I I
F N DE J G , a utho r o f a Ge r m a n H i sto ry
. .
F r e e m a son ry o ri gin a t e d in , 1 740, v 1 1 ,
of Fr e e m asonry , I , I 7 ; 1 1 , 2 76 , 1 8 1 2 ; S upr e m e Council A A S R es . . . .

7 1 2 , 7 1 4 : Iv, 1 02 4 ; scop e of M a son ic ta b l i s h e d in , v 1 1 , 1 8 5 0, 1 8 5 7 , 1 8 7 1 ;

H istory by , 1 1 , 5 1 7 . T hory a n d Cl a v e l on th e hi st ory o f
I
F R E , si gn ific a nc e of , i n e a rly sy m bol i s m , Fr e e m a so n ry in , 1 1 , 5 1 7
VI Y
.

, 1 7 3 1 ; v 1 1 , 1 7 49 . FRA N CK E N , H E N R A , , 1 86 4, 1 8 7 3 . VI I .

I
F R S T D EGR EE ( c f
“
D e gr ee s sy m bol .
KI
FRA N L N , B E N A M N , b e a ring of corr e J I
i s m of th e , v 1 1 , 1 7 5 6 . s p on d e n c e of , w ith H e n ry P ric e on
I
FLOR DA , fi rst Lodge an d org a ni a tion of z fi rst Lodg e in A m e ric a, , 1 3 96 : Fi rst V
G r a nd Lod ge i n , v , 1 43 7 ; in t rod uction M a st e r of fi rs t Lodge in A m e ric a , , V
of R A M a s on ry i n , , 1 5 0 1 ; Cryp ti c
. . VI 1 3 98 ; P r ov inci a l G r a nd M a st e r of
M a son ry i n , , 1 5 7 9; orga ni a tion of VI z P enn sy l v a n i a, 1 73 4, , 1 3 98 V .
 IN DE X 2 03 1

FRA N KI L N CH A PTE R , N OR W I CH , CON N .

,
o rg a ni z a tion s o f th e w orl d I 2 , ,
1 796 , V
p a rticip a t e s i n org a ni z a
, 1 2 93 ; Chri sti a n ch a r a ct e r of e a rly I V 93 3 , , ,

tion of g en e r a l Gr a nd Ch apt e r 1 798 V , , , 940 ; sou rc e s o f th e sy m bol s of ( cf .

S y m bol i s m 1 v 1 42 ; I I 3 5 0 3 6 7 ;
“
1 2 94 , , ,

I Y gro w th f th
.

FR A TE R N T rly S p cul
, O e ea e a th e ea rly ri tu a l of ( cf IV .
,

tiv I V 9 e, , 10 .
92 6 92 8 ; s e v e n e a rly r e vi si on s of th e
,

F I Yo F
R A TE R N S T th for m tion
r REEM A ON S , e a R i tu a l of 1 1 3 68 ; sou rc e s o f th e
, ,
of 76 , 1 11, 1 . R i tu a l of th e I v 93 7 ; pr e f e r e nc e of , , ,

FRE I C K I I o f G r m ny fi fth crus d l d

DE R e a , a e e f or th e M on a d VI I 1 7 45 ; th e f und a , ,

by v 1 3 3 , , 2 m e n t a l p rincipl e s of VI I 1 75 7 ; th e , ,

I CK
.

F R E DE R G VI I 87 3 ; r l tion
TH E R E A T, , 1 e a c a rdin a l pu rpos e of VII 1 8 70 , , .

o f , to th e A . A . S . R .
,
v 1 1 , 1 805 , 1 T r a dition s a n d T h e ori e s a s to th e
1810 . O rigi n o f th e O rd e r : E fforts to tr a c e
FRE E , sign ific a nc e of t erm , in th e Cr a f t origi n of to th e A nci e nt M yst e ri e s
, ,

Guil ds 1 1 5 7 5 : , , 1, 1 74 1 85 ,1 88 ; a n al ogi e s b e t w ee n
, ,

FR E E A N D A CCE P TE D M A S ON S , e a rly u s e of a n d th e P a g a n M yst e ri e s I 1 92 1 97 ; , , ,

th e ti tl e i n E ngl a nd , 1 1 , 3 07 ; origi n a n d th e Gnostics an d I I 3 7 1 ; th e S o , ,

m e a ning of ti tl e , 1 1 1 , 6 1 7 ; hi storic a l c i n ia n s an d th e E ss e n e s a n d
, ,

sou rc e o f t e r m , 1 1 1 , 78 6 ; , 2 00 6 ; E li a s VII r e j ection o f th e ori e s as to

A sh m ol e b e co m e s on e o f th e , 1 1 1 , 6 2 4 . O ri e nt a l origin of 1 1 47 3 ; d i s ti n c , ,

FR E E B R OT H E R S , u s e of th e t e r m , i n th e ti on b e t w e e n th e Le ge nd s of a n d ,

Cr a ft Gu il ds , , 5 7 6 II . A nci e n t M yth s II 45 9 ; D ruidi sm , ,

FR E E M A S O N , th e t e r m , found i n roll s o f th e an d I 1 99 : th e ory of a n a logy b e

, ,

s e v e nt e e nth c entu ry VI I 2 00 7 ; d e riv a , ,

t w ee n a n d Ch ri sti a n i ty 1 1 3 7 3 ; th e
, , ,

tion o f th e t e r m 1 1 5 7 6 ; a ppl ic a tion of , , o r y th a t th e J e su i ts i n v e n t e d II 2 88 , , ,

th e t e r m to E ngl ish w ork m e n only 1 1 1 , ,

2 89 ; th e ory of th e Crus a d e origin o f ,

7 8 7 ; w h e n ti tl e c a m e into g e n e r a l u s e 2 1 7 2 2 9 ; R a m s a y s th e ory o f th e
’

,
I, ,
orig i n o f V 1 2 46 ; T e m pl e th e O I y of
, ,

FR E E M A S O N R Y origi n of cri tici z e d I 48 7 3 ; th e ory

, , , ,

I O p e r a tiv e ( cf
. O p e r a tiv e M a son s . th a t A sh m ol e a n d oth e rs d e v e l op e d ,

th e fi rst l in k conn e ctin g corpor a tions i n 1 648 1 1 2 7 3 ; f a bl e th a t O l iv e r

, ,

o f R o m e w ith , 1 1 , 5 02 ; R o m a n i ntro Cro m w e l l inv e nt e d 1 1 2 93 ; th e ory , ,

duction of , in to F r a nc e ( se e und e r of P yth a gor e a n origin of ,

1 1 , 5 03 , 5 06 , 5 2 2 ; a con 3 69 ; di sti nction b e t w e e n a n d R osi

I I 3 42 ; th e J e sui ts in II
,

ti n u a n ce of th e R o m a n Coll e g e s o f c r u c ia n i sm , , , ,

A r tifi c e r s, , 523 ; II
th r e e p e riods o f, 2 86 ; tw o th e ori e s th a t S p e cul a ti v e ,

in Ge r m any ( Cf 1 11 , . w a s d e v e lop e d in London i n 1 646 ,

7 2 6, 7 3 0 ; S tr a sbu rg th e origin a l c en I I 3 1 1 ; th e R oy a l S oci e ty an d 1 1

, ,

te r o f , i n Ge r m a ny , 1 1 1 , 7 3 0 ; r e or 3 0 1 ; N icol a i s th e ory a s to th e c om
’

g a n i z e d a ft e r th e R o m a n m e thod by m on c a u s e o f th e R oy a l S oci e ty a n d ,

Chri st i a n m i ssion a ri e s I n B ri t a i n ( cf . 3 07 3 1 0 3 1 6 3 1 8 ; th e ory of

, , ,

1 1 , 5 3 6 ; a guil d of O p th e orig i n of i n th e R oy a l S oci e ty ,

e r a ti v e M a son s i n ti m e o f J a m e s I I , r e j e ct e d 1 1 3 1 3 ; tru e th e ory of th e

.

, ,

1 1 , 2 91 : con di tion o f , am ong th e origin of I II 68 4 , , .

A nglo S a xons , 1 1 , 5 40, 5 43 ff ; e a rly

-
. H i story of th e F r a t e rni ty : T w o
p e riod of, i n S cotl a nd ( cf S cot “
. w a y s of l oo kin g a t e xot e ric o r pub ,

i m porta nc e of th e tr a diti on s l i e a n d e so e r i c or s e cr e t I 1 ; tw o
,
‘

, ,
K
o f il w inning , , 6 2 9; fi rst h istori c III p e ri od s of th e h i story of I 2 ; scop e , ,

p e riod of , i n S cotl an d , 1 1 1 , 6 3 4 ; di f O f pr e hi storic a n d hi storic I 9 10 ; , , ,

f e r e nc e b e t w e e n th a t o f to- d ay a nd p osition of th e l e g e nd a ry hi story o f ,

o f th e t e n th a n d e l e v e nth c e n tu ri e s , I, p v i 1 0 ; sou rc e s of th e tr a di ti on
.
,

1 1 1 , 690 ; c o ndi ti on of , i n th e e l e v e nth a r y hi story O f 1 1 1 5 98 ; a u th e n ti c hi s , ,

c e ntury, 1 1 1 , 6 93 ; th e gr a du a l d ec ay tory of p r e li m in a ry outl ook

, ,

III
o f, , 8 5 5 ; , 906 ; th e e xtincti on IV pos tion of th e r e cord e d h i story I
i , ,
of, a s a Gu il d org an i a tion , 909 ; z IV . p v i ; ch a r a ct e r o f th e e a rly h istory
.

th e d e a th o f , a n d th e b irth o f S p e c u of I I 46 1 ; d istortin g i n fl u e nc e of th e
, ,

l a ti v e , I v , 1 003 ; S p e cul a ti v e M a son Le g e nd of th e Cr a ft on th e h i story

ry found e d on , 1 1 1 , 68 3 ; d ecl in e of o f I I 46 3 ; th e b e ginnin gs of I I 3 6 5 ;
, , ,

fl
th e in u enc e of , on S p e cul a tiv e , , V d e riv a tion o f f ro m a n a ssoc a ti on of , i
I I 77 - b uild e rs 1 pp v i i v i i i ; 1 1 468 ; 1 1 1
, , .
, , ,
S p e c ul a tiv e ( cf S p e cul a tiv e M a s on .
7 05 ; e ss e nti a l h i storic a l f e a tu r e s in ,
ry ) ”
I I 47 2 ; tr a nsi tion fro m O p e r a tiv e to
,

I . P h il osoph ic a l an d S oci a l Ch a r a ct e r S p e cul a tiv e 1 1 1 8 3 6 ; S p e cul tiv e a s

, , a
O f th e I ns ti tution : T h e a cc e pt e d d e fi ce n d e n c y ov e r O p e r a tiv e 1 1 1 848 ; , ,

n i ti on of , I v 88 2 ; , 1 1 8 2 , 1 2 42 ;
, th e V e poch of r e a l bi rth o f i n E ngl a nd .
,

ph ilosophy of , d e v elop e d fro m M a I V 903 92 0 d e a th o f O p e r a ti v e a n d

, , ,

so n ic m yth s , , I ; on e o f th e soci al I bi i th of S p e cul a tiv e I V 1 00 3 ; fi rst

'

, ,
2 03 2 IN D E X
st e p in th e s e p a r a tion of S p ecul a ti v e in Qu e e n sl a nd , p . 1 996 ;
fro m O p e r a tiv e I V 1 0 1 2 ; p rogr e s s , , A a a : u str li
T as m a a, p in
1 996 ; ni .

of in s e v e n t e e n th c e n tury 1 1 1 6 1 7 ;
, , , N e w Z ea a l nd , i n orth
1 997 ; N Is ~

i n fl u e nc e of cl u bs on th e origin o f , l nd p
a , 1 998 ; i n c ni p
O ea a,
. 1 99 9 . .

v11 1 7 3 5 ; th e e a rly y e a rs of S p e c
,
FR E E M A S O N S , origin n ing of t r
a n d m ea e m,

u l a ti e i n E ngl a nd I V 903 ; t h e e o
v , , , v 1 1 1 , 782 ; a rch i t cts o f o b rdy fi rst
e L m a
l u tio n of III 8 43 8 48 8 5 0 8 5 3 8 5 4
, , , , , , , t r d
e m e , I , 42 ; fi rs t ssoci tion s of i n
a a ,

8 5 6 86 2 8 7 6 ; I v 88 2 906 909 ; di f
, , , , , o o
C m , 1 1 1 , 68 7 ; conn ction o f rly i th
e ea , w

fe e n c e s
r b e t w e e n O p e r a tiv e a n d th e C hu rch, 1 1 1 , 695 ; othi c
G rchi A
S p cul a tiv e I I I 86 3 ; I V 94 1 ; f a bri
e , , , t ctu r found d by
e e e r v ling
th e T a e , 1 , 1 91 ;

c a tion oi th e d e gr e e s o f ( c f D e .
“
I II , 72 7, 7 72 ; ch r ct r o f
a a e sy bol s
th e m
I V 899; V I I 1 805 ; t r a di tion
, , of r v l ing
th e T a e , 1 1 , 3 67 ; guild s
th e of,
a s to f a bric a tion of t h e F i rst d e gr e e , only for kno n un ti l
m w igh t n th
th e e ee

11 3 11 ;
, in v n tion of th e Fe ll o w e c e ntu ry 1 1 3 00 ; fr a t e rni ty of org a n i z e d
, , ,

Cr a ft s I V 95 7 —95 9 960 1 003 ; th e a t S tr a sburg in th e fift e n th c e n tu ry

’

, , , , e ,

M a st e r M a son s I V 95 9 97 5 97 8 804 ; si m il a ri ty be t w e e n th e a n d
’

, , , , , 111 , ,

993 ; sou rc e of pro m in n t portion o f e th e S t e in m e t z e n of Ge r m a ny 1 1 1 7 2 3 ; , ,

th e T hi rd d e gr e e in II 4 1 6 ; concl u , , non p ro fe ssion al s a d m i tt e d in to th e

-

sion s a s to ea rly S p ecul a tiv e in E n g , r a nks of th e I I I 8 3 8 8 44 ; a co wa n , , ,

“ ”

l a nd 1 1 3 2 4 ; th e H ou s e of S tu a rt
, , n ot a llo w e d to w ork w i th 1 1 1 6 1 8 ; d i f , ,

and II 2 6 7 ; a pol i tic a l ch a r a ct e r

, , fe r e n c e s b e t w ee n th e S p e cul a tiv e a n d ,

giv e n to I I 2 7 3 ; th e H igh D e gr e e s
, , th e m e di e v a l I I I 86 3 ; r e s e m bl a nc e s b e
, ,

n ot a n origin a l e l e m e n t o f I I 3 2 9 , , t w e e n th e S p e cul a tiv e a n d th e m e d i e ,

condi tion of in e igh t e e nth c e ntury , v al I I I 864 ; firs t m ee tin g pl a c e s o f
, ,

E ngl a nd I V 8 7 8 ; in fl u e nc e of th e
, , e a rly S p e cul a tiv e IV 8 8 5 ; fa bric a tion , ,
“
A nci e nts upon I V 1 1 3 2 ; slo w
”
, , o f so m e o f th e H igh D e gr e e s o f a t th e ,
p rogr e ss of in E ngl i sh P rov inc e s , , Ch at e a u o f S t Ge r m a in 1 1 2 7 0 .
, , .

I V 92 0 ; i n troducti on of i nto Ge r
, ,
~
FR E E M A S ON S th e Co m p a ny of a co m p ny
, , a

m a ny ( cf . 111 7 2 7 ; ex , ch a rt e r e d on o r b e fo r e 1 3 70 I I I 5 91 , , .

il e d R oy a l H ou s e o f E ngl a nd s a id to FR E E M A S ON S S oci e ty o f N icol a i s a ccount

’

, ,

h a v e in troduc e d i n F r a nc e ( cf , . of th e 1 1 3 09 , , .

11 2 75 2 8 7 ; i n troduction , , FR E E M A S ON S A N D COWA N S r e gul a r a n d i r ,

o f into F r a nc e I V 1 0 1 7 ; i n tr o d u c
, , , r e gul a r w ork m e n I I 496 , , .

tion of into S cotl a nd ( cf S cot

, .
“
FR E E M A S O N S A N D T H E R OU G H M A S ON S , 1 1 1 ,
l a nd I I I 6 3 2 ; r e l a tion of Fe m a l e s
, 7 79 .

to in S cotl a nd 1 1 1 6 5 2 ; in troduction
, , , FRE E M E N , S t John s Lodg e, Gl a sgo w , p ri
’
.

of i n to th e N orth A m e ric a n Col o

, o r i ty cl a i m m a d e by , 1 1 1 , 6 3 1 .

n i e s ( s e e a l so u nd e r A m e ric a “ ”
, I
FR E M A U R ER , m e a n ing of th e t e r m , a m ong
U n i t e d S ta t e s n am e s o f Ge r m a n M a sons , 1 1 1 , 7 88
“ ”
a n d th e
J I
.

th e s e v e r a l S t a t e s a n d T e rritori e s ) , FR E N CH , B E N A M N B , v , 1 3 8 4 . .

V 1 2 2 4 ; s e v r a nc e of A m e ric a n
, e , I
FR E N C H G U LDS , roy a l confi r m a tion of th e
fro m E ng l i sh j u ri sdiction VI 1 6 5 0 ; , , e a rly st a tu t e s of , , 6 79 III .

int roduction of in to N e w Y ork N e w , , FR E N C H FR E E M A S ON S , th e e a rly ri tu a l o f

J e rs e y a n d P e nn syl v a n i a V 1 2 2 5 ;
, , , th e , , 1 1 91 V
Y
.

i nto N e w H a m psh i r e V 1 2 2 9; h i s , , FRE N C H F R E E M A S ON R ( cf F r a nc e ef .

t ory o f th e in troduction of in to e a ch , fe e t of th e H igh D e gr ee s on , , 1 1 97 V .

S t a t e a n d T e rri tory of th e U n it e d FR E N C H M A S O N S , e a rly r e gul a tion s of th e ,

S t a t e s v 1 z g3 fl ; h i story o f in B ri t
, , .
, 1 1 1 , 675 .

i sh A m e ric a VI I 1 92 9 ; in N e w , , V
FR E N CH R E OLU T ON , s e riou s e ff e ct of th e , I
B runs w ick p 1 93 1 ; i n P rinc e E d , . on Fr e e m a son ry , , 1 2 1 6 ; , 187 1 V VI I .

w a rd I sl a nd p 1 93 2 ; i n M a nitob a
, , I I
FR E N DS H P LO DGE , N o 3 th e first Lodg e to .
,

p 1 93 3 ; in B r i t S h Col u m bi a p 1 93 3 ;
. I , . a ssu m e di stinctiv e n a m e , , 88 5 IV .

i n Qu e b e c p 1 93 8 ; i n O nt a rio p , .
, . FR I Z Z E L, J O H N G G H P , 1 8 7 7 , , 1 3 0 1 , . . . . V .

1 93 9 ; in N e w B runs w ick p 1 93 9 ; in , . F R O N TE N A C CH A PT E R , N o , fi rst in Ca n . I

N w Fo u n d l a n d p
e 1 940 ; i n N ov a , a d a , v , 1 2 88
Y
. .

S coti a p 1 940 ; i n M e x ico p 1 942 ; F LFOT ( se e S w a stik a a fr e qu e n tly oc

“
, .
, .

In Cub a p 1 96 1 ; i n P u e rto R ico

, .
, cu rring sy m bol ic m a rk o f th e M idd l e
p 1 96 5 ; in A si a p 1 968 ; i n I nd i a
.
, .
, A g e s , 1 1 1 , 800 ; , 1 7 89 VI I .

p 1 96 9 ; i n M a d r a s p 1 97 7 ; i n B om
.
, .

b ay p 1 979 ; in E a st I ndi a I sl a nd s
, .
,

p 1 98 3 : i n th e P h ili ppi n e s p 1 984 ;

.
, .

in P e rsi a p 1 98 4 ; i n th S tr a it s , . e

S ttl e m e n t
e p 1 98 5 ; i n Ch in a p
, , G, l e tt e r 1 4 1 ; VII 1 7 45 ; h i storic a l
th e , , ,

i n J a p n p 1 986 ; i n Ca p e
. . .

1 98 5 : a sp e ct of th e l e tt e r 1 1 1 7 6 3 ; H u tch ison s
’
a , .
, ,

Col ony p 1 98 7 : i n A u str l a si a : N e w

, . a th e or y a s to w h a t i t d en ot e s 1 4 1 , , .

S outh W a l s p 1 990 ; in V ictori a e . .

, GA DI C K E J C a u tho r o f a Ge r m a n Le x i
, .

1 992 ; I n S ou th A u str a l i a p 1 994 ; , . con o f F r e e m a son ry 1 4 1 ; opinion of , , ,

 IN D E X
GODDA RD , D R , supp os e d r e l a tions o f , to th e h ist ory of org a ni z a ti on o f th e i n
th e ,

R oy a l S oci e ty origi n of F r e e m a son ry , 1717 I V 8 7 7 ; n am e s of th e fi rst ofli c e r s

, ,

11, 3 03 , 3 2 7 o f th e I v 904 ; th e m e th od of for m in g

, ,

Y
.

GO DFR E OF B OU ILLO N v , , 13 25 . th e I V 908 ; th e first of w ho m for m e d

, , , ,

CI T Y COL first Lo dg e orga ni z e d I v 91 0 91 1 ; A nd e rson s B o ok of Con “

GOLDE N
’

, .
, , ,

a t, VI , 1 47 6 . sti tution s a dopt e d by I V 990 ; qu e ry

”
, ,

I
GOLDE N R OS CR U CI A N S , a ti tl e fi rst u s e d by w h e th e r th e org a n i z a tion of th e w a s a ,

S am u e l R ich t e r , 1 1 , 3 5 4 ; th e n in e d e R e v iv a l 8 90 ; syst e m o f P rovin

“
Iv , ,

gr ee s Of th e, 1 1 , 3 5 5 . c ia l G r a nd Lo dg e s org a n i z e d by in ,

GOOD AND E V di stinction b t w n i n y m

I L, e ee , s 1 72 6 V I 1 644 ; fi rst Lodge of Fr a nc e
, , ,

holi s m , VI 1717 , . e st a bl i sh e d by w a rr a n t fro m 1 7 2 5 I I , , ,

GOO S E A N D G I I O T V R D R G r nd Lodg N A ER N , a e 2 8 1 ; gr a nt s a ch a rt e r to A fric a n Lodg e

of E ngl a nd for m e d a t, J un e , 1 7 1 7 , 1 1 1 , a t Boston i n 1 7 8 4 VI 1 6 5 9 1 66 1 ; un ion
, , , ,

85 8 ; , 88 2 IV . of th e w i th A nci e n ts V 1 1 5 5 1 1 7 3
,
“
, , ,

I I
GOT H C A R C H TECTU R E , T r a v e l ing F r e e m a 1 1 7 4 ; F r ee m a son s m e e t i n P h il a d e lphi a
sons found e rs of, 1 , 1 91 ; , 72 7 ; th e III b e for e th e o rg an i z a t ion of v 1 2 3 0 , , .

F r ee m a son s a n d , , 772 ; m ed i e v a l III GR A N D LODGE OF A L L E N GLA N D, T H E, e s

F r ee m a sons i nv e n t e d th e styl e of , 1 1 1 , tab li s h e d a t Y ork , in 1 7 2 5 , I v , 1 043 ;
7 74 ; g e n e ric u se of th e n a m e , 1 1 1 , 7 2 8 ; ge r m o f, i n th e Op e r a tiv e Gu ild s , , IV
th e n a m e , not sugg e stiv e o f th a t styl e 1 066 ; ill e g a l con sti tution of , I v, 1 05 5
o f a rchit e ctu r e, 1 1 1 , 7 7 6 ; d ist ingui sh ing
.

III
f ea tur e”s of th e , , 7 7 7 ; g e o m e t ry of
“ GR A N D LODGE OF A N C E N TS ( cf A tholl I .

III
b eau ty in th e , , 7 5 7 ; c e l e br a t e d m a s
G r a n d Lodg e ) , org a ni a tion o f th e , i n z
IV fl
t e rs O f, , 944 ; in u e nc e o f, on M a son ic
th e y e a r 1 7 5 3 , , 1 1 04, 1 1 06 ; popul a r IV
i ty o f , d u e to th e R oy a l A rch d e gr ee ,
z
orga ni a ti on , , 7 2 7 III .

IV , 1 1 1 9; so m e of th e e a rly ofli c e r s o f
I
GOT H C CON S T T U T O N S , I I Ch a rg e s of a th e , IV
, 1 1 20 ; i n u e nc e of r e qui r em en ts fl
F r e e m a son
”
id e ntic a l w ith , , 91 7 IV .

i n th e , on A m e ric a n Lodge s , 1 1 1 , 6 1 4 ;
GOU LD, R OB ER T FRE K E , opinion of , as to j u ri sdiction e xt e n d e d in to for e ign coun
w h e n ri tu a l w a s d e v e l op e d , , 1 3 47 ; V tri e s by I V 1 1 2 6 1 1 3 3 ; fi rst Col oni a l
v a lu e of th e h i st o ry by , on th e S t e in , ,

W a rr a n t gr a nt e d by i n 1 7 5 8 V 1 2 6 4 ;
,

z
m e t e n a n d M a sonic M S S , , 2 003 . VI I .

d ecl a r a tion of th e r e ga rdin g u nion

, , ,

GRA M M A R , I s t o f th e s e v e n l ib e r a l sci e nc e s
, ,
M a rch 2 1 802 V 1 1 5 9 ; un i on of th e
i n Le g e n d of th e Cr a ft, 1 , 1 8 .

w i th M od e rns v
, , , ,

I
GRA N D A R C H T E CT OF T H E U N E R S E, T H E IV GRA N D LODGE OF E N GLA N D S OU T H OP T H E
, ,

(T G A O T , 1 7 42 , 1 7 46 VII .

TRE N T , 1 7 8 0 1 7 90 , hi sto ry of th e , I v ,
Y
. . . . .
-

GR A N D CH A P TE R OF R O A L A R C H M A S ON S ,
“
M od e m s
"
orga ni e a, i n 1 76 7 , v 1 1 , z 1 13 5 ; th e sch i s m a tic a tti tud e o f th e

20 1 0 (cf V
“
Lodg e o f A ntiqu ity ,
”
, 1 138 ; t e xt of IV
GR A N D CH
.

KE N TU C
,

, m e m ori a l
A PT ER OF KY th e M a ni f e sto of D e c e m b e r 1 6 , 1 7 7 8 ; , IV
1 1 40 ; a d i scu ssion o f th e g round s of
of th e , a ga in st G G Ch a pt e r , , 1 2 99 . . V .

IV
d ispu t e, , 1 1 44 ; org a ni a tion o f th e , z
GRA N D CH A PT ER OF M A S S A CH U S E TT S , fo r
a t London i n 1 780, I v , 1 1 5 3 ; hi storic al
m a ti on O f th e , i n 1 7 99, , 1 2 74 V .

st a tu s of th e, , 1 1 5 1 ; r e concil i a tion IV
GR A N D CH A PTER OF P E N N S Y L A N A , ea rly V I b e t w ee n th e , a n d th e origin a l G ra nd
subs e rvi enc e of th e , to th e Gr an d Lodg e, Lo dg e o f E ngl a nd , i n 1 7 90, IV
v , 1271 .

GRA N D LODGE OF E N GLA N D, T H E U N TE D,

, 1 1 52

I
.

GR A N D CH A PT E R OF T H E N ORT H E R N S T A TE S ,
first m ee ting of a t M i ddl e to w n , Conn ,
for m e d by th e uni on of th e tw o, v , 1 1 5 5 ;
th e a r m s a dopt e d by th e , i n 1 8 1 3 , 1 1 ,
, .

1 7 98 , V , 1 2 96 .

for m e d by th e un ion of th e tw o, , 1 1 5 5 , V
GR A N D CH A PT E R OF TH E U N TE D I S TA TE S ,
1 1 7 3 1 1 7 4 ; th e a r m s a dopt e d by th e , i n
hi sto ry of th e Ge n e r a l I v 1 1 3 2 ; V
-

1 2 90 ;
d iscu ssion of th e u s e fuln e ss of V I
, , ,

1 5 09
1813 , , 59 II
7 ; R oy a l A rch M a sonry r e c
GRA N D CO N S T T U T O N S I I (A A
,

S
, .

ogn i z e d by , , 1 1 7 9; A fric a n Lodg e V

d ropp e d fro m roll by , v 1 ,
ggé
( or e d )
. . .

Fr e d e rick th e G re a t p ro m ul g at e d th e ,

i n 1 76 2 , VI I , 1 8 05 ; r a ti fic a tion of th e a t ,
1

Bord e a u x v 1 1 , 1 806 GRA N D LODGE or S COTLA N D, org a ni e d i n z

,
III
6 45 ; I v , 1 07 9 ; l is t o f th e
.

GRA N D EN K
CA M P M E N T , T , of U S A ,
1 73 6 , ,

Lodg e s f or m in g th e , S cotti sh IV
. . . . .

th e org ni z tion of V
a a 1 3 86 , 1 097 ;

R i t e M a son ry h a s n o r e l a tion 1 0 , VI I ,
, , .

GR A N D H IC C
E R M ET t r a di
H A N CE LLOR , a
ti on a l d e gr e e of R os ic ruc i a n origin 1 1 , ,
1 812 .

3 54 GR A N D LO DGE OF FRA N CE , h is to ry o f th e , v ,
GR A N D I N Q U I S I TOR CO M M A N DER , 3 I st d e gr ee 1 1 93 .

A .A S R . . nnounc e d by th e S u
. as a GR A N D LODGE , th e m e thod
of for m in g a in ,

pre m e Co unci l of Ch a rl e ston i n 1 802 , , A m ric a I V 907 ; e st a bl ish m e n t of a

e , , ,

VI I
, 1 8 48 . i n P e nn V 1 3 97 ; in M a s s V 1 40 1 ; i n
.
, , , ,

GR A N D LODGE , fi rst u se of th e t er m , 111, 603 . Ga V 1 405 ; i n N H v 1 408 ; i n S C

.
, , . .
, , . .
,

GRA N D LO DGE OF E N GLA N D, 11, 2 72 ; th e v 1 409 ; in N Y V 1 4 1 0 ; i n R I V

, . .
, , . .
, ,
m oth e r of S p e cul a tiv e M a son ry I I , , 2 91 ; 1 41 3 ; i n M d V 1 4 1 5 ; i n Conn v 1 4 1 7 ;, , .
, ,
 IN D E X 2 03 5

in Va .
, V , 1 41 9; in in N . C, . v , 1 42 3 ;
'

GR E E CE , S upr e m e Co u ncil A A S R in , . . . .

M e , v , 1 42 4 ; i n N J , , 1 42 8 ; in M ic h ,
. V V 1 1, 1 85 7
K
. . .

v , 1 43 0 ; in D el , , 1 43 2 ; i n V t , v , . V . GR E E S , T H E , for m a ti on of s e cr e t soci e ti e s
1 43 4 : in F l a , v , 1 43 8 ; in Ky , v , 1 43 9 . . a m on g , 1 1 , 497 ; b a pti s m p r a ctic e d by ,
GR A N D LODGE OF COLOGN E , e a rly j u r i s d ic VI
, 1 7 2 9; so m e pr a ctic e s i n th e m y s
tion of th e, 1 1 1 , 7 2 2 . te r i e s O f th e a nci e n t , , 1 7 2 9; fr a t e rniVI '

GR A N D LO DG E OF I OW A , v a l u a bl e M a sonic ti e s a m ong th e a nci e n t , , 47 5 , 5 60 II

Y
.

w ork s ow n e d by , , 2 01 1 VI I I I
GR E , W LL A M , 1 1 , 3 20 .

K I
GR P , e vi d e nc e o f th e ea rly u s e of th e ,
.

GR A N D LODGE OF N E W Y OR , e st a bl ish e d by
th e A nci e nts , i n 1 78 1 , 1 1 1 , 8 2 4 .
a m on g M a son s , I v , 93 0 ; th e O p e r a tiv e,

G L ODGE OF R H ODE I S LA N D, W ebb s I v , 969

’
R A N D .

body in t e rr e d by V , 1 2 91 I
G U LD OF FRE E M A S ON S , e a rl y for m o f th e
ord e r , 1 1 , 3 00 ; th e e xtincti on o f O p e ra
, .

GRA N D LODGE OF S T S TE P H EN OF V I EN N A ,
tiv e M a son ry , a s 3 , , 909 IV
.

ea rly j uri sdiction of th e , III 72 1

Y
.

,
I CROS S , l a w - sui ts b e
.

GR A N D LODGE OF T H E T H R E E GLOB E S ( Ge r GU LD OF T H E H OL
m a ny ) , S cotti sh R i t e d e gr ee s a dop t e d t w e e n m em b e rs d i scou r a ge d i n , 1 1 1 , 5 8 7 .

by , 1 7 5 8 , , 1 805 VI I I
GU LD OF T H E H OL T R N T , so m e of th e Y I I Y
st atut e s o f th e, 1 1 1 , 5 86
.

( see und e r
“
GR A N D LODGE MS Ol d .

I
GU LD, LE GE N D OF T H E ( se e Le g e nd of th e
.

GR A N D LODGE S , th e fi rst , in th e s e v e r a l Cr a ft ) , 1 , p v . .

S t a t e s a n d T e rri tori e s , , 1 3 94 ; d e v e l V I I I
GU LD S P R T e ss e n ti a l ch a r a ct e ri st ic of th e
,

O p m e n t of th e supr e m e a uthority of , I v ,
M a son ic I n stitu tion , 1 , v i i i .

1 1 5 2 ; th e s e v e r a l , i n th e U nit e d S t a t e s
I
GU LD OF S T J OH N T H E B A PT S T, r e gul a
. I
( s e e und e r th e r e sp e ctiv e n am e s of
tion a s to l a w - sui ts b e t w e e n m e m b e r s
S t a t e s a n d T e rritori e s ) ; a li st of th e i n, 1 1 1 , 5 87 .

S ta t e, VI
, 1 48 5
I I
GU LD OF T A LOR S A T L N COLN , r e l igiou s I
a n d Cr a ft ch a r a c t e r o f , 1 1 , 5 7 3
.

GR A N D M A S TER , fi rst u s e Of th e t e r m , , III I

GU LDS , A DULTER N E , , 5 77 I II
.

603 .
.

GRA N D M A S TER A R C H TE CT, 1 2 th d e gr e e , I I

G U LDS , CR A FT , r e s em bl a nc e of , to th e R 0
A A S R a s a nnounc e d by th e S u
II
m a n Coll e g e s , , 5 6 3 ; so m e a nci e n t pro
. . . .

pr e m e Council of Ch a rl e st on , in 1 802 , II
toty p e s of , , 5 5 9, 5 60 ; m e m b e rs of M a

v 1 1 , 1 8 47
son ic , co m bi nin g w i th oth e r gu ild s, 1 1 1 ,
.

5 98 ; e xclu siv e ch a r a ct e r o f th e , , 612 ; III

GR A N D M A S TE R OF A LL S M BOL C LODGE S , Y I ea rly e v id e nc e o f, i n Ge r m a ny ( cf
2 oth d e gr e e , A A S R as a nnounc e d
.

. . . .

, 73 8 III
by th e S up r e m e Counci l of Ch a rl e ston ,
.

in 1 802 , , 1 848 VI I I
GU LDS , T H E A N GLO S A X ON , , 5 5 9;
-
c om II
.
p a ri son of , w ith th e pri e sth ood fr a t e r
Y Y
GR A N D M S T E R OF FR E E - M A S ON S D I S COV n i ty of E gypt , 1 1 , 5 5 9 ; th e E r a no s of
E R E D, r e prin t O f th e t e xt o f th e , , 93 0
IV .
th e G r ee ks th e a n a logu e of a G u ild , 1 1 ,
I
GR A N D O R E N T, Fr e nch titl e f o r th e S u
5 6 0 ; th e A g ap ae o r Lov e Fe a sts of th e
pr e m e M a son ic A u thori ty , , 1 2 1 2 V .
e a rly Ch ri sti a n s gr e w to r e s e m bl e , II
I
GR A N D O R E N T OF FRA N CE , origin o f th e, , V 5 60 ; th e ori e s a s to th e ori gin of , 1 1 , 5 6 1 ;
,

1 2 09 ; Ch a pt e r of R os e Croix a t P a ri s
fl
in u enc e of th e R o m a n Coll e ge s on th e
unit e d w i th , 1 1 , 2 8 1 ; riv a l ry b e t we e n f or m a tion of , , 5 62 ; II
a n a logi e s b e t w ee n
th e , a n d th e Council o f th e n ights o f K th e R o m a n Coll e g e s a n d , 1 1 , 5 6 3 ; th e
th e E a st , , 1 80 5 VII .
a ntiqui ty II
of , , 5 64 ; th e n u m b e r 1 3 ,
I
GR A N D P O N T FF , 1 9th d e gr e e , A A S R . . . . a f a vorit e i n , , 5 6 5 ; ’t e x t of th e II
a s a nnounc e d by th e S upr e m e Council origin a l ch a rt e r of O r k y s Guil d , , II
of Ch a rl e ston , i n 1 8 02 , v 1 1 , 1 8 48 5 65 ; si m il a ri ty b e t w e e n ch a rt e rs of,
Y
.

GRA N D R O A L A R CH CH A P TE R , first con sti a n d th e Con sti tution s O f th e F r ee m a

tu ti on of th e , of th e N orth e rn S t a t e s o f son s , 1 1 , 5 6 7 ; th e ch a rt e r of T h a n e s ’

A m e ric a , a dopt e d i n 1 798 , , 82 4 ; or III Gu il d a t Ca m b ri dg e, 1 1 , 5 68 ; princi p a l

g a n i z a ti on o f th e , , 1 2 94 ; e st a bl ish m e n t V II
f e a tu r e s of , , 5 6 9; Ch a rt e r of th e Gui l d
of a , in Ca n a d a , 1 8 1 8 , , 1 2 88 V of th e S m i ths of Ch e st e rfi e ld , , 5 7 0 ; II
J
.

I
GR A N D S COTT S H M A S ON OF A M E S V I , a ch a rt e r of th e T a i lors Guild a t Li n ’

h igh d e gr ee o f S tu a rt p e riod , 1 1 , 2 69 . II
coln , , 5 7 2 ; ch a r a ct e r o f, 1 1 , 5 73 ; th e
GRA N D W A R DE N S , th e n a m e s of th e firs t p rogr e ss of , 1 1“, 5 74” ; th e pu rpos e of 11,
S p e cul a tiv e , , 883 IV .
5 75 ; u s e of fr ee a n d fr e e m e n in
“

GR A N DE LOGE A N GLA S E DE FRA N CE , v , 1 1 96 I . ch a rt e rs O f, 1 1 , 5 75 ; ch a r act e r o f th e

GR A N DI DI ER , A BB E, 1 1 , 46 7 e a rly , 1 1 , 5 7 6 ; cu sto m s a n d u s a g e s of ,
Y IV
.

I
GR E A T S CH S M I N E N GL S H M A S ON R , , I II, 5 7 7 ; for m o f a d m i ssi on a n d o a th
1 1 04, 1 1 2 8 ; ritu a l istic b a si s for th e , , V i n , 1 1 , 5 79; su i ts a t l a w b e t w ee n m e m
fl
1 2 2 0 ; in u e nc e of th e , on M a sonic H i s b e rs di scou r a ge d i n a l l , 1 1 1 , 5 8 7
Y
.

IV
tory, , 1 1 5 2 ; th e F r e nch schi s m a n d I
GU LD S , T H E E A RL E N GL S H M A S ON C, I I
th e , con tr a st e d a n d co m p a r e d , , 1 220 V . III , 581 ; th e ori e s a s to th e ori gin of,
GR E CU S , N A M U S , m e a ning Of n a m e , in M a II, 561 ; H u g h a n col l e cts a n d publ i sh e s
sonic lor e , 1 , 8 6 . th e ordin a nc e s o f th e , , 581 ; t e xt of III
 IN D E X
th e Ch a rg e s o f i n th e La nd sdo w n e , H A M EL, COU N T DE , Cha rt e r of R os e Croix
M S , 1 1 1, 5 82
.
5 8 3 ; int e rn a l e vid e nc e , Ch a pt e r at A rr a s , F r a nc e , discov e r e d
th a t S p e cul a tiv e F r e e m a sonry d e v e lop e d by , 1 1 , 2 80 .

fro m 1 1 1 , 5 8 4 ; A nd e rson s Ch a rg e s o f
,
“ ’
H A M M ER , VON , th e o ry o f as to th e r e l a ,

F r e e m a son co m p a re d w ith tions of ss a ssins a n d T e m pl a ri s m

”
a th e th e A ,
Ch a rg e s o f, 1 1 1 , 5 8 5 ; s om e st a tu t e s of ,
“ ”
1, 23 7 .

1 1 1 , 5 86 5 8 7 ; th e spi ri t O f e xcl usiv e n e ss

-
H A M ON , WM .
, 11, 321 .

in , 1 1 1 , 5 86 ; su it s a t l a w d i scou r a ge d in , H A R LE A N I
M SS , 1 942 , suppos e d d a t e . No .

1 1 1 , 5 8 7 5 88 ; conn e cti on b e t w e e n th e , a n d
-
I
o f , , 1 5 ; h i storic a l i m port a nc e o f, 1 1 1 ,
m od e rn lodg e s , , 5 88 ; so m e us a ge s o f, III 6 1 6 ; a n a n a lysi s o f th e , 1 1 1 , o1 7 ff ; r e .

I v , 91 3 . c e n t di scov e ry o i n e w copi e s o f , VI I .

GU I LD S , TH E h i st ory
FRE N C H M ED I EV A L, 2 066 ; N O 2 0 5 4, suppos e d d a t e of , , 1 5 ;
. I
o f 1 1 1 66 3 ; d e riv a ti on of fro m th e
, , ,
H u g h a n s i e w o f th e d a t e of ,
’
V
, 2 0 02 VII .

R om an Coll e g e s of A r tifi cer s 1 1 1 , ,

H A R N OU E S TE R , LORD , G r a n d M a s t e r o f
66 3 66 4 ; th e for m a tion of th e
, Cor F r a nc e , 1 7 3 6 , , 1 1 88 V .

p or a ti on d e s M é ti e rs 111 66 3 66 4 ;
”
, , ,
H A RTFOR D o rg a ni a ti on o f Gr and z
r egul a r progr e ss o f III 666 ; th e P a ri , ,
Ch a pt e r a t, in 1 7 98 , v , 1 2 94 ; G r a nd
si an H a n s e o r th e M e r c h a di se d e ,
“
Ch a pt e r th e first i n A m e ric a , 1 798 , , V
l e a u I I I 668 ; l e g a l b a si s for e st ab
’

,
”
,
1 271 ; Ge n e r a l G r a nd Ch a pt e r orga ni z e d
,

l i s h e d 1 1 1 66 8 ; roy a l confi r m a tion of

,
a t, VI , 1 491 .

ch a rte rs of a uni v e rs a l u s a g e i n th e
,
H I
A RR N GTON , a fri end of O l iv e r Cro m w e l l ,
f ou rt ee nth c e n tu ry 1 1 1 669 ; pri vil e g e s , ,
1 1 , 2 94 .

o f th e P a ri si a n II 669 ; th e g e n e r a l a s H A S W E LL, N A TH A N B .
,
v1, 1 5 4°
s e m b l ie s of I I I 6 7 0 ; cl a ss e s of w ork
, ,
H A U ES , M OS ES M I CH A EL, on e of th e e a rl y
R i t e o f P e rf e ction V
,
i nsp e ctors o f
,

m a n i n 1 1 1 6 7 1 ; so m e r e gul a ti on s in th e
, ,
th e , ,

st a tu t e s o f I I I 6 72 6 7 5 ; S t Bl a i s e th e
, ,
1 2 74 .

Lod g e of S tr a sbu rg r e cog

, , .

p a tron of 1 1 1 6 7 4 ; t”e x t of th e R e gul a

, ,
“
H A U PT H U TTE ,

ti on s of th e M a son s e tc 1 1 1 6 75 ; roy a l , ,
n i z e d as , 1 1 1 , 720 .

igh D e gr ee s
.
,

confir m a tion o f th e st a tu t e s o f i n s e v e n H A U TE S GR A DE S ( se e H 11 ,

o f 7 V 1 205 ; th e
R a m s a y s syst em
,

te e n th c e ntu ry I I I 6 79 ; l e tt e rs p a t e nt - 2 84 ;
’

, ,
,
spi ri t of th e i r ordi n a nc e V 1 2 43
,

a n d d e cr e e s o f th e K ing s Council to
’
, , .

H A W A II A N I S LA N DS F r e e m a son ry i n th e
,
111, 6 79 , ,

VI I 2 000 ; S cottish R i t e M a son ry in th e

.

GU I M A S ON C, R om a n Coll e g e s O f A r
LDS , I ,

v 1 1 , 1 88 9, 1 8 90 , 1 8 93
,

tifi c e r s, th e prototyp e o f , , 48 5 II .

H Y M OS E S M , a ppoint e d D I G , a t
.

GU I LDs A N D CO M P A N E S , n a m e of O p e r a ti v e I A ES,
B oston , M a s s , , 1 8 09
.

VI I
. . .

M a son s in E ngl a nd , 1 , i x
Y
.

H E N ER H E A DE M S , of 1 6 7 5 , v 1 1 , 2 003
.

GU I S T I N I A N I , A B B E, fi rst to publ ish tr a di

.

tion s a n d ri tu a l s , V , 1 3 1 6 H E A RT, J O N A T H A N , , 1 443 VI .

H E GU E T Y , a m e m b e r o f th e firs t Lodg e i n
.

F r a nc e , 1 1 , 2 8 3 .

H
I
H E M M N G, D R , P yth a go r e a n p rinc ipl e s i n .

tr odu c e d by , , 1 73 6 ; l e ctu r e s of, VI I

a dopt e d by th e G r a n d Lodg e o f E n g
H , i ni ti al o f S cottish Ch a pt e r of H e r ed on ,
l a n d , 1 1 1 , 8 68
II , 2 80 .

Y
H E N R , D U E OF M ON T M OR E N C , , 1 3 5 6 K
.

Y V
H T H E, prov inci a l G r a nd Lodg e
.

A GU E ,
ta b l i s h e d a t, VI I 1 91 2
es
H E R A LDR Y
( se e M a sonic
H I X
F r e e m a son ry in ,
, .

VI I H E RB ER T, W LL A M , l i s t o f London Com I I
H
A L FA ,

I
, 19 40
A LL, P R N CE , th e l e a d e r o f col or e d F r ee
.

p a nics publ i sh e d by , 1 1 1 , 5 90 .

H E R E DO M , a t e r m i ntrod uc e d in M a son ry by
m a son ry 1 n th e U S , , 1 65 9 . . VI .

R a m s a y , 1 1 , 2 7 7 ; th e ori e s r e g a rding th e
H A LLA M , H E N R , v i e w s o f , r e g a rding Y e ty m ol ogy of th e t e r m , 1 1 2 78
w ri t e rs on F r e e m a son ry , 1 1 ,
, .

H E R E DO M O F LW N N N G,
'

KI
1 908 , 1 91 0 I I VI I
I
H A LL W E LL, J A M E S O , g e nuin e n e ss o f Le
,

Y
.

.
H ER E DO M , R O A L O R DER OF, not r e l a t e d to
l an d M a n u script , doubt e d by , 1 1 , 3 6 1 .
th e T e m pl a rs , , 2 5 9 I
I
H A LL W E LL M S , th e e a rl i e s t e xt a n t , 1 , 2 5 ;
.

.
H E R E DO M T E M PLA R S , v , 1 3 42
T e m pl e o f S ol o m on not m e nti on e d in ,
.

H EB E DON ( s a m e a s H e r e d o m )
1 , 7 5 ; though t to b e a tr a n sl a tion fro m
.

H E R E DON OF KI
LW N N N G, a d e gr e e o f th e I I
a Ge r m a n origin a l , 1 1 1 , 7 42 ; th e d a t e o f R oy a l O rd e r o f S cotl a nd , 1 1 , 2 79; V 1 1 ,
th e , V 1 1 , 2 002 .
1 908 , 1 91 0 .

H A LL IW E LL P OE M , co m p a ri son o f , i th
w H E R M E S sign ific a nc e of , i n Le g e nd o f th e
,

oth e r M a sonic M S S I 3 0 3 4 ; , , , origin I

Cr a ft , , 2 0, 5 0 ; sy m bol ic u s e of th e
of th e 1 3 3 ; a n a lys s of th e I 2 6 3 0 ;
, , i , ,
-
a nci e n t col u m n s of in th e R oy a l S oci ,

a nt i qu ity o f th co m p a r e d w i th oth e r e, e ty , II
, 3 06 ; th e ory th a t E noch w a s id e n

docu m e nts 1 1 4 ; Le g e nd o f th e Cr a ft
, , tic l w ith
a . 1 1, 400 .

a n d th e 1 2 5 ; m e nti on of th e T o w e r
, , H E R M ET IC D EG R E E S , e x i st e nc e o f , rl y i n
ea
of B a b e l i n I 5 3 ; th e Le ge nd of E ucl i d
.
, eigh t e e n th c e n tu ry 1 1 , , 3 3 9; R os e Croi x
in , 1, 68 th e m ost in fl u e nti a l o f th e , II , 3 54 .
 IN D E X

sub ordin a t e c om m and e ri e s in VI 1 607 ; , ,

S cotti sh R it e B odi e s in VI I 1 906 , ,

I A o ( s ee A br a x a s , 3 79 II . I N E FFA B LE D E GR E E S a g e n e r al t e r m for th e ,

I CON OCLA S TS , r e l igiou s a n d m a sonic , c on A A S R d e g r e e s fr om th e 4 th to th e

. . . .

t r a s te d , 1 , 5 . 1 4 th incl usiv e ( s e e und e r

I
I CON OCLA S T C CR T C S M , tru e v a l u e of , in I I I V I 1 5 62 ; th e ea rly p r actic e of a t A l
, ,

M a sonic H i sto ry , , 9 I . b a ny V 1 2 91 , , .

I
I CON OCLA S T C S CH OOL, v a l u a bl e i n u e nc e of fl I N E FFA BLE N A M E i m port a nc e of i n sy m , ,

th e on M a soni c H i story ,
, , 200 1 VI I . b ol i s m o f th e Le g e nd of E n och I I 3 99 , , .

I DA H O, firs t Lo dg e a n d org a n i a ti on of z I N H oc S I G N O VI N CE S a dopti on of as M a , ,

G r a n d Lodg e in , , 1 47 8 ; in troduction VI sonic m otto V 1 3 09 , , .

of R A M a son ry in , , 1 5 04 ; Cryptic
. . VI I N I T I A T I O N th e s e cond st e p in th e A nci e nt
,

M a son ry in , , 1 5 80 ; orga n i a ti on of VI z M yst e ri e s 1 1 8 0 ; bu t on e e sot e ric sys

, ,

G r a n d Co m m a nd e r y an d subordin a t e te m of a m ong O p e r a tiv e M a son s

,
Iv , ,

c om m a nd e ri e s in , , 1 606 ; S cotti sh VI 8 99 ; ch a r a ct e r o f th e O p e r a tiv e I v 943 ; , ,

R i t e M a son ry in , , 1 88 9, 1 89 0, 1 892 VI I . s om e e l em e n ts of th e O p e r a tiv e I v 900 ; , ,

’

I Y
I DA H O C T , firs t Lo dg e e st a bli sh e d a t, v 1 , si m pl e ch a r act e r o f th e ea rly I v 88 1 ; , ,

1 47 8 so m e e a rly t e r m s fo r 1 11 6 1 7 ; ea rly r e , ,

I Y
I DE N T T A N D A L TE RI T , d e v e lop m en t of Y q u i e m e n ts r e g a rding
r 111 6 2 1 ; si m pl e , ,

th e id ea of , , 1 75 0 VI I . for m of i n se v e n t een th c e n tu ry I I I
, , ,
I I
I LLE G T M A TE D E GR E E S , so m e n a m e s of , v 1 1 , 649 ; th e Ge r m a n m e d i e v a l II I 7 45 , , .

1 866 . I N N OCE N T I I I P op e p ro m ot e s fou rth cru , ,

I I
I LL N O S , first Lodg e a n d org a n i a tion o f z sad e v 1 3 2 3 , , .

G r a nd Lodg e in , , 1 45 0 ; in troducti on VI I N Q U I S I TI ON in fl u e nc e o f th e S p a ni sh v
, , ,
of R A M a son ry in , , 1 5 05 ; Cryptic
. . VI 13 3 2 .

M a son ry in , , 1 5 80 ; o rg a ni a tion of VI z I N S TR U CTOR , u su a l du ty o f th e , 1 1 1 , 6 5 2 .

G r a nd Co m m a nd e ry an d subordin a t e I N TE N DA N T or T H E B U LD N G, 8 i h d e gr e e I I
co m m an d e ri e s in , , 1 606 ; l i st o f S cot VI A A S R a s a nn ounc e d by th e S u
. . . .

ti sh R i t e Bodi e s in , V 1 1 , 1 906 . p r em e Council of Ch a rl e st on , i n 1 802 ,

I I
I LLU M N A T , B a r r u el s v i e w s r e g a rding th e,
’
v 1 1 , 1 847
Y
.

I I 2 90
, . I
I N T M A TE S E CR E TA R , 6 th d e gr e e A A S . . .

I LLU M N I IS M , 1 1 , 2 89 . R a s a nn ounc e d by th e S upr e m e Coun

.

I LLU TRS I OU E LE CTE D OF 1 5 , 1 0th d e gr ee

S ci l of Ch a rl e ston , i n 1 802 , , 1 8 47 VI I .

A A . S R a s a nnounc e d by th e S u
. . . I OW A , firs t Lodg e a n d o rg a ni a tion o f z
pr em e Counci l of Ch a rl e ston , in 1 802 , G r a n d Lodg e in , , 1 46 5 ; introduction VI
VI I , 1 8 47 . of R A M a son ry in ,
.
, 1 5 08 ;
. Cryptic VI
I M M ORTA L QU A R TETT E , th e fou r l odge s M a son ry in , , 1 5 80 ; org a ni a t ion of VI z
w hich org a ni e d th e M oth e r Gr a nd z G r a nd Co m m a nd e ry a n d subordin a t e
Lodg e of th e w o rl d , , 2 008 VI I . co m m and e ri e s in , VI , 1 607 ; S cotti sh
I M POS TOR , J O S E P H B A LS A M O ( Coun t Cag R i t e M a son ry in , V 1 1 , 1 88 9, 1 890, 1 892 ;
“

th e gr e a t , , 1814 VII . v al u abl e M a son ic w orks o w n e d by

I N CR E A S E OF W A GE S , th e F r e nch e xpr e ssi on G r a n d Lodg e o f, , 20 1 1 VI I .

for a dv anc em e n t i n M a sonic d e gr e e s , I REL A N D, th e ory o f i ntroducti on of th e

1 1 1 , 873 . Cro m w e l l i a n m a son ry in , , 29 8 ; a tti II
I N DE P E N DE N CE , D E CLA RA T O N OF M A S O N C, I I tu d e of th e Gr a n d Lodg e of , to w a rd th e
f om E n g by th e U S in 1 78 2 , , 1 65 1 , VI E ngli sh Gr a n d Lodg e o f M od e rns , IV
Ig
. . .
,

55 . 1 1 2 3 ; syst e m of provinci a l G r a nd M a s
I N DE P E N DE N T S , th e o ry of Cro m w e ll i a n M a te r in , , VI
1 6 49 : th e d e gr e e of M a rk
s on r y a n d , 1 1 , 2 97 ; posi tion o f, i n Cr om M a st e r in , 11 1 , 8 1 7 ; e a rly pr a ct ic e of
w e l l ia n M a son ry , , 2 9 8 II . R o y a l A rch in , , 2007 ; S upr e m e VI I
N I
I D , th e u s e of
A
“
M a rks i n , 1 1 1 , 803 ; Council A A S R e st a b l i sh e d in , .
, . . . VI I
Fr e e m a son r y in , , 1 969 VI I 1 8 5 1 , 1 85 7
Y
. .

I
I N D A N T E RR TOR , fi rst Lodg e a n d org a nI I
IR S H M A S TER , M a sonic d e gr e e d u ring
i z a tion o f Gr and Lodg e in , v 1 , 1 47 4 ; ti m e o f Ch a rl e s I , 1 1 , 2 7 4
Y
.

in trod uction of R A M a son ry in , , . . VI I TA L , th e d e gr e e of M a rk M a st e r not

1 5 06 ; org a n i a tion o f Gr a nd Co m m a nd z kno w n in , 1 1 1 , 8 1 7 ; S upre m e Council of
er y and subordin a t e co m m a nd e ri e s i n , A A
. S R e st abl i sh e d i n ,
. .
, 1 8 5 0, . VI I
VI , 1 607 ; S cotti sh R i t e M a son ry in , v 1 1 , 1 85 7 .

1 8 89, 1 890, 1 894 .

I
I N D A N S , A M ER CA N , M a son ic Lo dg e s or I
g an i z e d a m ong , , 1 47 4 1 47 5 VI -
.

I
I N D A N A fi rst Lod g e a n d org a n i a tion of
. z J A CQU E S S ON , a sy m bol for th e son of J am e s
G r a nd Lodg e in , , 1 45 5 ; l i st of th e VI I I i n th e S tu a rt P e ri od 1 1 2 7 0 , , .

lodg e s org an i ing G L o f, , 1 45 6 ; z . . VI J A M A I CA S cotti sh R i t e M a son ry e st abl i sh e d

.

in troduction of R A M a son ry i n , , . . VI in VI I 1 809

, , .

1 5 06 ; Cryptic M a son ry i n , , 1 5 80 ; or VI J A M B LI CI U S th e bi ogr a ph e r of P yth a gor a s

g
, ,

g an i z a ti on of Gr a nd Co m m a nd e ry an d II , 36
 IN D E X 2 03 9

J A M E S I I r e l a ti on of to M a son ry 1 1 2 7 1
, , , , . e ty I I 79 ; m nu scrip t of ( E d
a t, , 2 a s ee
J A P A N F r e e m a son ry in v 1 1 1 98 6 ; S cottish
, , , i b g h K il w inning M S ) ;
n ur -
l c tion o f e e

R it e M a son ry in VII 1 889 1 8 90 1 892 , , , , . Lord C il l i to th d conshi p in th

a ss s e ea e

J E K S O N a signi fic a n t w ord i n th e S cotti sh

,
Lodg of 3
e ; th A bb y of III 6 3
, 1 1, 22 e e , , 0 .

or R am s ay d e gr ee s I I 2 7 0 , , . KI N G, C. W .
, T he G nostics th e i r R e
an d
J E R U S A LE M th e cru s a d e rs c a ptu r e of V
, , , ma in s , A nci e n t and M e di e v a l w ri tt e n ,

1 3 2 5 ; th e La tin K i ngdo m of V 13 26 , ,
by n , 3 7 1 , 3 80 .

Y
.

J E R U S A LE M W OR D T H E I v 93 4 , , , . KI NG C RU S N e w bu ryport , 1 7 90,
CH A PTE R ,

J E S U I TS r e l a tion o f th e to F r e e m a son ry
, , , ,V 1 2 93 ; p a rticip a t e s i n f or m a ti on of
1 1 , 2 86 . G r a n d Ch apt e r , 1 798 , , 1 2 94 V .

J E S U I T I C M A S ON R Y 1 1 2 88 2 90 , , , KI N GDO M OF J E R U S A LE M , v , 1 3 2 5
K
. .

J E ws th r ee s ects of in ti m e o f Chri st 1 1
. , , , KI N G S M A S TER OF W OR , a co m m on titl e
’

3 88 ; b a pti s m a m ong th e VI 1 7 3 0 1 7 3 2 , , , . i n th e M iddl e A g e s , 1 1 1 , 6 47 .

J O N E S I N I GO a gr e a t a rchi t e ct VI I 1 804
, , , , . KI Y
R B , E P H R A M , first G H I
P ri e st , V , 1 2 95 . . .

J OS E P H U S Le g e nd of Lam e ch s S ons an d
,
’
K LO S S , GEOR G, , 29 3 , 43 4 II .

th e P il l a rs m e n ti on e d by I 44 ; th e , , K I
N G H T, S I R W LL A M W LS ON , 1 1 , 3 2 0 I I I .

Le g e nd of th e Cr a f t d r a w n fro m th e K I
N G H T OE T H E B R A Z E N S E R P E N T , 2 6 th d e
A ntiqu i ti e s o f 1 69 , , . gr e e A A S R a s a nnounc e d by th e
. . . .

J U D/E U S P H I LO ci t a tion fro m i n r e g ard t o

, , , S upr e m e Council of Ch a rl e s ton , i n 1 802 ,
th e E ss e n e s 1 1 3 90 , , . VI I , 1 8 48 .

J U R I S DI CT I ON T H E A M ER I CA N DOCTR I N E OF
, K I
N GH T OF T H E E A GLE A N D P E L CA N ( see I
GR A N D LODGE VI 1 6 5 0 ; d iscussion of i n , , , a l so
“
R os e 1 1 , 2 80, 3 5 5
conn e ction w i th color e d F r ee m a sonry
.

, K I
N GH T O F T H E E A S T , a d e gr e e o f F r e nch
VI 1 642 ; i n Con sti tu tion of G G Ch a p
, . .
R i t e, v , 1 2 1 8 ; 1 sth d e gr e e A A S R
V 1 295 ; Ge n e r a l Gr a nd Ch apt e r s
. . . .

a s a nnounc e d by th e S upr e m e Council

’
ter , , ,

a bri dg e d v 1 2 96 o f Ch a rl e s ton , in 1 802 , VI I

, , , 1 8 48
.

J U R I S P R U DE N CE ( cf La w S ta t
.

an d .
K I
N GH T OF T H E E A S T A N D W E S T, 1 7 th d e
op e r a tiv e ch a r a ct e r o f ea rly M a gr e e A A S R a s announc e d by th e
sonic I V 93 9 ; P a yn e s Ge n e r a l R egu
. . . .

“
S up r e m e Council o f Ch a rl e ston , in 1 802 ,
’

, ,
th e b a si s of I V 91 7 91 8 91 9 ;
”
l a tion s , , , , , VI I , 1 8 48
i n fl u e nc e of th e schi s m of th e Lodg e of
.

A ntiqui ty u pon I V 1 1 5 2 ; an i m por K I

N G H T OF T H E R E D CR os s , v , 1 3 2 7 .

t an t p rincipl e o f V 1 3 80
, ,
K I
N G H T R OS E CR O X , a d e gr e e of th e F r e nch I
, , .

R it e , , 1 2 1 8 V .

K I
N G H T OE T H E S U N , a d e gr e e inv e nt e d by
P e r n e l ty , 1 1 , 2 5 3 ; n a m e o f th e 2 8 th d e
gr ee A A S R a s a nnounc e d by th e
. . . .

S upr e m e Council o f Ch a rl e ston , i n 1 8 02 ,

KA N S A S fi rs t , org a n i z a ti on of
Lodg e an d
VI I , 1 8 48
G r a n d Lodg e i n VI 1 47 2 ; introduction
.

of R A M a sonry in VI 1 5 1 0 ; Cryptic
, ,
K I H
N G T OF d e gr e e A A
S T A N DR E W .
, 2 9th . .

R a s a nnounc e d by th e S upr e m e
, ,
S
. .

M a son ry in VI 1 5 8 1 ; org a n i z a tion of . .

Council o f Ch a rl e ston i n 1 802 v 1 1 1 8 48

, ,

Gr a nd Co m m a nd e ry a n d subordin a t e , , , .

co m m a nd e ri e s i n VI 1 608 ; S cotti sh K N I G H T T E M PLA R n a m e of on e o f th e R a m ,

s a y H i gh D e gr e e s
, ,

R it e M a son ry i n VI I 1 88 9 1 890 1 8 92 3 52
11 , , .

K A S S I DE A N T H E , , 1 3 46
S,
,

V
, , , .

K N I G H T T E M P LA R I S M th e in troduction of , ,

KA S K S K I in to A m e ric a V 1 3 68
.

A A , I LL , lodg e e st a bl ish e d a t, in , ,

Y
.

1 805 ,
.

by ch a rt e r f ro m G L of P a , “

VI K N IGH T H OOD, GE N E R A L H I S TOR OF CH I

R S

1 45 0
. . .
,
I
T AN , v , 1 3 09 .

K E M BLE ,
.

J OH N
M , 1 1, 5 53 K N IG H T S OF B A LDW I N v , , 1 3 45 .

KE N N ED , A ,Y K , 1 5 76
.

VI
.

K I
N G H TS OF TH E E A S T, for ma tion o f i n ,

KE N TU C KY
.

th e i n troducti on of Fr eem a
. .

1 75 6, VI I , 1818 .

V
so mry in , , 1 43 8 ; fi rst Lodg e a n d orga n K IGN H TS H OL T E M P LE A N D S E P
OF TH E Y
i z a ti on of Gr a n d Lodg e in , , 1 43 8 ; i n V U LC H E R A N D OF S T OH N OF J E R U S A . J
tr od u c ti on o f R A M a son ry in , , VI LE M , H R D M D S M , v, 1 3 5 5
. . K . . . . . . .

K I I
. .

1 5 1 0 ; G r a nd Ch a pt e r o f , 1 8 2 6 , tri e s to N GH T S H OS P TA LLE R S , T E M P L A R S , A N D
di ssol v e , G G Ch a pt e r , , 1 2 99; V T H E T E U TO N C N GH T S , o rigi n of , in I K I
th e Cru s a d e s , 1 , 2 2 5
. .

Crypti c M a sonry in , , 1 58 1 ; org an i a VI z .

ti on of Gr a nd Co m m a nd e ry a n d subor K I N GH T S OF M A LTA , hi story of th e , v , 1 3 47 ,

di na te co m m a nd e ri e s in , 1 6 08 ; VI 1 3 5 3 ; e s t a t e s of th e T e m pl a rs sh a r e d
S cotti sh R i t e M a son ry in ,
,

, 1 88 9, VI I V
by , , 1 3 3 5 ; r e l a tion o f th e, to Fr eem a
1 890, 1 892 sou ry , , 1 3 1 8 , 1 3 3 9 V .

K I
.

K- H , 3 oth d e gr ee, A A S R a s an N G H T S OF T H E R E D CR os s OF R OM E A N D
I V
. . . . .

n ou n c e d by th e S upr e m e Council o f CON S TA N T N E , , 1 3 09 .

Ch a rl e ston , i n 1 802 , v 1 1 , 1 8 48 .
K I N GH T S OF T H E T E M P LE or J ER U S AL E M , 1 1 ,

KI I
LW N N N G, cl a i m I th a t F ree m a son ry i n 3 93 .

S cotl a n d b e g a n a t, 1 1 1 , 6 3 1 ; e ff orts to KN I GH T TE M P LA R D E GRE E , th e spu ri ou s

id en ti fy R ob e rt B ruc e w i th s e cr e t soc i F r e nch , v 1 1 , 1 85 3 .
 IN D E X
K IGN H TST E M PLA R S , m e di e v al ord e r o f e s . fi rs t cod e of I v 91 6 ; sou rc e of th e first
, ,

ta b l i s h e d , , 1 3 26 ; V
hi story of th e, f ro m cod e o f I V 896 ; O p e r a ti v e Ch r c
, , a a

1 1 1 8 to 1 2 91 , , 1 3 2 1 ;
l i st of G M of , V . . te r of th e e a rly I v 93 9 940 ; hi story of , , ,

V , 13 61 ; supp r e ssion of th e m il i t a ry o r th e e a rly progr e ss of I V 91 4 91 7 ; i n , , ,

d e r o f, 1 , 2 5 6 ; v , I 3 3 1 fi ; pr e s e n t ritu a l . d e b te d n e s s of to Ge org e P ayn e I V 91 9 ;

, , ,

o f a m od e rn inv e n tion V 1 3 40 ; t r a d i
, , ,
th e d e v e lop m e n t of I V 994 ; Lodge s , ,

t ion th a t Ch e v a l i e r S t Ge org e w a s a d . gov e rn e d by inst e a d of by S t a t e La w

, ,

m i tte d i nto O rd e r of 1 1 2 80 ; i n fl u e nc e , ,
11 496 ; a n i m po rt a n t p rincipl e o f V
, , ,

of th e i n E u rop e V 1 3 2 6 ; th e hi story
, , ,
1 3 7 9 ; a principl e of R oy a l A rch La w V , ,

in A m ric a v I 3 68 fl R oy a l A rch M a son ry a f e a tu r e

'
o f th e , e , , . 1 2 94 ;
K R A U S E, D R CA RL C H R S T A N FRI E DR C H ,
. I I I o f V 1 2 96 ; i n fl u e nc e of th G G Ch a p
, , e . .

T h e T h r e e O ld e st D ocu m e n ts of th e t r upon V 1 3 00 ; th e principl e of gov

e , , ,

F r a t e rni ty of F r e e m a son s by , Ci t e d i n e rn ing d e gr e e s VI 1 5 6 1 , , .

r e g a rd to th e Le l and M S , 1 1 , 43 8 LA W R I E S H I S TOR Y tr e a t m e n t o f th e E ss e n e s
’
.
,

K RA U SE M S ( Y ork Con stitu tions ) , se e u n

. in a uth e ntic 1 1 3 89
, , , .

O l d Ch a rg e s LA W —S U I T S e a rly gu i ld spi ri t discou r a g e d

“ ”
der .
, ,

b e t w e e n m m b e rs 1 1 1 5 8 7 e , .

LA W R E N CE GE N S C ( P G M , M ass )
. . . . . .
, ,

l a rg e st M a son ic l ibr a ry i n A m e ric a

o w n e d by v 1 1 2 01 1 , , .

LA Y E R th e n a m e of 3 R ough M a son 1 1 1
, , ,
Y
LA F A E TTE , GE N ER A L, r e c e ption of by , S .
7 80
Y
.

C E nc a m p m e nt , N o
. . 1 , 1 82 5 , V , 13 74 ( cf . LE E S ON , D R H E N R . B E A U M ON T , S ov G . .

v , C of th e S up r e m e Counci l of E ngl a nd ,
KI
.

LA N , GE O W , , 1 46 2 . . VI . a l e tt e r fro m , on th e condi tion of S cot

LA LA N DE ( s e e D e l a l a n d e ) , h i story o f F r e e t i sh R i t e M a son ry , v 1 1 , 1 8 5 2 .

m a sonry by , v , 1 1 8 7 . LE F RA N C, A B B E, th e ory of, tr a cing F r e e

LA M B A LL, J A COB , on e of th e fi rst Gr a nd m a son r y to th e S oci ni a n s , 1 1 , 3 8 2 .

W a rd e n s in E ngl a nd , , 904 IV LE FRE R E DE LA CH A U S S E , M é m oir e J us

KI
.

LA M BS N A P R O N , 1 1 1 , 5 93 . ti fi c a tif , v , 1 2 07 .

LA M E CH E , hi story o f, i n Le g e nd o f Cr a ft , LE GE N D, th e d e fini ti on o f , , 1 75 7 VI I .

1, LE GE N D OF T H E CRA FT, i m port a nc e of th e,

LA M E CH S
’
S ON S A N D TH E P I LLA R S , p a rt o f i n M a son ic H i story , 1 , 1 2 ; suppose d
th e Le g e nd of th e Cr a ft , 1 , 1 9, 44 sou rc e s o f th e , 1 1 1 , 600 ; succ e ssiv e Con
K A I
.

LA N D M AR propri t ry
S, rks N C E N T, e a
“
ma s ti tu ti on s cont a in th e , I v , 91 5 ; th e D o w
i m port n t f tu r s o f a 8 4 ea e , 1 11, 1 l a nd t e x t of th e , I , 1 8 ; th e Ge r m o f
K
.

LA N DM A R O h istoric l b si s
S OF T H E R DER , a a H istory in , I , 3 6 ; th e origin of Ge o m
of th e , IV , 896 . e tr y a s t r e a t e d in , I , 1 8 , 3 3 , 40 ; La m e ch s
'

(cf Ol d Ch a rg e s ) , S on s a n d th e P ill a rs discu ss e d in , 1 , 1 9,

“
LA N DS DO W N E , M S . .

suppos e d d a t e of I 1 5 ; ch a rg e s i n th e , , , 44 ; th e si gnific a nc e of H e r m e s i n , 1 , 2 0,
I I I 5 82 ; co m pulso ry a tt e nd a nc e of M a s
, 5 0 ; T h e T o w e r o f B a b e l a n d m e a ning
t e rs a n d Fe l lo w s m e n ti on e d in 1 1 1 607 , , . o f i n , I , 2 0, 5 3 ; N i m rod , m en tion an d
LA N DS DO W N E S TA T U TE S so m e r e qu i r e m e nts , discussion of , in th e , 1 , 20 , 6 3 ; E ucl id ,
o f th e 1 1 1 5 8 7 , , . sign ific anc e o f m e ntion of , “i n th e , 1 , 2 0",
LA P I S A N GU LA R I S a n e l e m e n t in e a rly s y m , 6 7 ; sou rc e s o f th e , i n th e A n tiqui ti e s
b ol i s m , 11, 3 41 . o f J os e ph us , 1 , 69 ; pro m in e n t point s o f ,
LA R M EN IU S OF J E R U S A LE M J oh ann e s , M ar 1 , 7 1 ; r el a tion of th e T e m pl e Le g e n d
cu s V , , 13 56 . I
to , , 7 3 , 1 5 9; I v , 948 ; th e , a s a n a rr a
LA R M E N I U S P LA R S , v , 1 3 4 1 TE M . ti v e o f th e ri s e a n d spr ea d o f a r c h i te c
LA R N E R , N OBLE D , G G H P . . . . .
, 1 886 , V , tu r e , 1 7 4 ; m od e rn S p e cul a tiv e M a son
,

1 3 02 . r y sugg e st e d by , , 77 ; v a l u e of th e , onI
LA R U DA N , A BB E, th e o ry of , th a t O l iv e r th e p rogr e ss of M a son ic signs a n d s y m
Cro m w e l l inv e n t e d F r e e m a son ry , , 2 93 II . bol s , 1 , 7 7 ; th e spr e a d o f M a son ry into
LA T H A M , B ELA , , 1 5 74
VI . oth e r count ri e s r el a t e d in , 1 , 8 3 ; s ig n ifi
LA T H RO P , G U RDO N , e l e ct e d fi rst G M , , . . V c a nc e o f Ch a rl e s M a rt e l a n d N a m u s
1 2 95 .
G r ee n s i n , 1 , 2 2 , 8 5 ; th e Le g e nd of S t .

I
LA T N , ea rly M a sonic s e cr e ts conc e al e d by A lb a n in , 1 , 2 3 , 90 ; th e Y ork Le g e nd in
u s e of , , 7 48 I II th e , 1 , 2 4, 95 ; su m m a ry a n d sign ific a nc e
I I
LA T N C H R S T E N DO M , spr e a d o f n ight K I
o f th e, , 1 1 1 ; e l e m e n t of th e h i storic a l
hood i n , , 1 3 2 1 V .
I
t ruth i n , , 3 8 , 49, 5 0, 5 1 ; l a t e r th e ori e s
I
LA U R E , H i story of F r e e m a son ry , w ritt e n of th e origin o f M a son ry b a se d on th e ,
by S i r D a vid B r e w st e r , , 1 02 5 IV . 1 , 3 6 , 3 8 , 1 1 5 , 1 1 7 , 1 2 4, 1 2 8 , 1 43 ; i n flu
I
LA W , M A S ON C, th e h i storic a l b a si s of th e , e nc e of F r e nch M a son s on th e 1 , 3 4 ; .

1 1 1 , 6 2 8 ; so m e sou rc e s of m od e rn 1 11, new e l e m e n ts i n t rod uc e d in th e by

, ,

8 7 2 , 8 76 ; , 91 7 ; IV
th e b e ginnings o f , ,
IV Cook e M S , 1 1 , 3 7 0 ; di stortin g in u e nc e fl
908 ; th e f ound a ti on of , in O p e r a tiv e of th e , on th e H i sto ry of Fr e em a son ry ,
MS Consti tu tion s ,
.
, 91 8 , 91 7 ; th e IV 1 1 , 46 3 ; h istoric a l v a l u e of th e , 1 , p v, .
 IN D E X
LODGE S A N D I N COR P OR A T ON S , n a m e s of A s I MA I first Lodge an d organ i z a tion o f
N E,

s oc i a te d O p e r a t i v e M a son s I n S cotl a nd , G r a nd Lodg e in V 1 42 4 ; introduction , ,

1, ix . o f R A M a son ry in V I 1 5 1 5 ; Crypti c
. .
, ,

LODG E S , S COTT S H , thr e e cl a ss e s o f m em b e rsI M a son ry in VI 1 5 8 2 ; org a ni z a tion of

, ,

in , 1 1 1 , 6 48 . G r a n d Co m m a nd e ry a n d subordin a t e
LO GOS ( W ORD ) , e a rly u se of , i n F r e e m a
'

co m m a nd e ri e s in VI 1 609 ; S cottish , ,

son r y , , 3 08 II R i t e B od i e s in VI I 1 895 , ,

Y
. .

LOM BA R D , r e m n a nts o f R o m a n Col l e g e s in , M A I N W A R I N G COLON EL o n e o f th e e a rl i e st

, ,

1 1 , 5 2 7 ; F r e e m a son s fi rs t a ssoci a t e d in , r ecord ed n on Op e r a tiv e m em b e rs of -

1 1 1 , 68 7 ; condi tion of F r ee m a sonry i n , Lodg e 1 1 1 6 5 2 , , .

in I I I h c e ntu ry , , 693 III . M A I TLA N D W l igh t th ro w n on e a rly

, .
,

LO N DO N , r e m a ins of R o m a n m onu m e nts i n , S p e cul a tiv e M a son ry by 1 1 3 2 3 , , .

11, 5 13 ; fou r O p e r a tiv e lodg e s at, in M A ITRE G ERA R D ( M A S TER GE R A R D ) , 1 1 1 , 7 3 7 .

1 7 1 7 , I v , 88 1 ; tw o th e ori e s th a t S p e c u I
M A i TRE s N A M O BLE S , , 1 1 96 VI V
J
.

l a ti v e Fr ee m a son ry h a d i ts origin in , I
M A N DE V LLE , S I R O H N , th e ory th a t Le l a nd
1 6 46 , 11, 3 1 1 ; e a rly d ev e lop m e n t of M S w a s d e v e lop e d f ro m w ork by , 1 1 ,
.

S p e cul a tiv e M a son ry in , 1 1 1 , 83 7 .

45 1 ~

LO N DON COM P A N E S , T H E M A S ON S COM

’
I I
M A N TOBA , F r ee m a s on ry in , , 1933 VII
Y
.

PA N A N D T H E , 1 1 1 , 5 89 . I
M A N N N G, E DW A R D, CA RD N A L A R CH B S H OP I I
“
Lo s s A N D R E CO E R , th e s i g n i fi c an ce of,
”
V Y . OF W E S T M N S TE R , , 1336 I V .

i n M a son ic S y m bol i s m , , 1 2 3 9 V . M A N U E L CO M N E N U S , v , 1 3 2 2 .

I
LO U S V I I OF FR A N CE , s e cond Crus a d e u m I
M A N U S CR PT S , T H E O LD M A S ON C ( c f I .

V
der , , 1 3 2 2 .
“
Ol d 1 , 1 3 ; l i st of th e prin
I
LOU S I X or FR A N CE , s i xth Cru s a d e l e d by , c ipal , 1 , 1 5 ; th e d e struction o f s e v e r a l
V 3 3 , 1 2 . v a l u abl e i n 1 7 2 0, I v , 91 6 ; hi storic a l i m
.

L U I S X V hostil
O tti tud of t ow rd F r
, e a e , a ee port anc e o f th e H a rl e i a n , , 6 1 6 ; di s III
m son ry V 1 8 9
a , , 1 . c u s s i on of th e Le l a nd , 1 1 , 43 3 ; ch a rg e s
LO I A GU S
U S S DU KE O
U M I V 1 3 56 TU , E A N E, , . i n th e La n dsdo w n e, 1 1 1 , 5 8 2 ; F r em a son s
L UI I
O first Lodg
S AN A d st bl i sh m n t
, e an e a e forbidd e n to w ork w i th R ough M a son s
of Gr nd Lo d g i n VI 44 5 ; i t d
a e , , 1 n ro uc in th e , 1 1 1 , 7 7 9 .

t ion of R A M son ry i n V 5 ; a , , 1 12 I
M A R A , H E N RI ETT A , 1 1 , 2 68
K K VI I
. . .

Cryptic M son ry in VI 5 8 ; o rg ni z a , , 1 1 a a MAR B OO , 2 00 7 ,

K
.

tion f Gr nd Co m m nd ry d subor D E GRE E ( cf D e gr ee s r e l a” tion

"
o a a e an MAR .

di t co m m nd ri s i n VI 1 609;
na e a e e , , o f th e , to e a rly propri e t a ry m a rk , 1 1 1 ,
S cotti sh R it M son ry in VI I 1 889 e a , , , 8 1 5 , 8 1 6 ; ri s e an d p rogr e ss o f th e , 1 1 1 ,
1 8 90, 1 8 92 . V
8 1 6 , , 1 2 92 ; e a rl i e st m e n tion of th e , i n
LO W E N ( s e e La y e r ) , 1 1 1 , 7 8 0 E n gl a nd , 1 1 1 , 8 2 1 ; fi rs t r e cord of th e
Y
.

LO OLA , d e si gn s of th e discipl e s of, i n th e a doption of , 1 7 95 , , 1 2 80 ; supposi tion V

u s e of F r e e m a son ry , 1 1 , 2 8 6 . a s to th e ori gi n o f , 1 1 1 , 6 5 9 ; sou rc e s of

LO Z E N GE , th e figur e of a , a s a M a sonic th e ri tu a l o f t h e 1 1 1 , 8 2 6, 8 3 0, 8 3 2 8 3 4 ; , ,

m a rk , 1 1 1 , 808 . i ntroduction of th e, in th e U n i t e d S t a t e s ,
LU DLow, E D M U N D 1 1 , 2 98 , . 1 1 1 , 8 2 2 ; m a d e o n e of th e pr e l i m in a ry
I
LU S TR A T ON , th e fi rst st e p i n th e M yst e ri e s , d e gr e e s to R oy a l A rch , , 1 2 95 ; d e fi ni V
I , 179 tiv e a dopt ion of th e W ebb V 1 2 99 , ,

Y Y
. .

L ON , DA VI D M U RRA , 1 1 , 2 80, 46 5 ; III , 63 0, M A R K LODGE S ind e p e nd e n t e xi st e nc e o f

, ,

64 1 ; v, 1 3 47 . l a st p a rt o f 1 8 th a n d e a rly p a rt o f 1 9th
c e n tu ri e s 1 1 1 8 2 2 8 2 3 82 4 8 2 5 ; ch a rt e rs
, , ,
-
,

M for so m e t i m e i ssu e d by Gr a n d Council

,

o f P rinc e s o f J e ru s a l e m V 1 2 7 5 ; l a t e r , ,

M A CBE N A c , st e r s w ord a ppl i e d by

n ew M a
’
by th e Gr a nd Ch apt e r 1 1 1 8 1 7 8 1 8 ; i n , , ,

J a cobi t e s to J a m e s o f E ngl a nd 1 1 2 68 e p e n den t a bol i sh e d in 1 8 5 3 1 1 1 8 1 8

,

S4 , , , ,
, .

M A CCA LLA CLI FFOR D P v a l u a bl e c on t i b u

, .
, r 2 .

tions by to th e hi story o f F r eem a son ry

, , MAR K M d gr giv n to F l lo w s
A S ON , a e ee e e
V , 1 2 28 i n S cotl nd 8 a , 111, 20
K M Y
. .

M A gON P A R F A I I , 1 1 , 2 7 1 ’ ‘
. M AR f bric t d h i story of
A SON R , a a a e ,
M A DR A S , F r e e m a son ry in , , 1 977 VI I 1 11, fl
8 2 5 ; in u e nc e of th e a nci e n t t e ss e r a
K Y
.

M AC E A LBE RT G , (M Ge n e r a l . . h os p i ta l i s upon , 1 1 1 , 8 2 6 , 8 3 0 ; co m m on
G r a nd H P , 1 86 5 , , 1 3 00 ; .
, 1536 ; . V VI e l em e n t in th e v a riou s ritu a l s o f , 1 1 1 ,
M e m ori a l s on th e d e a th of , opp , v , 1 3 02 ; 83 4
K
. .

an e sti m a t e of , 1 3 05 ; th e S upr e m e , V M AR M A S TE R S , th e j e w e l of th e , 1 1 1 , 8 2 1
K
.

Council A A S R a n d , , 1 5 89. . . . VI . M A R S , th e h i story of M a son s , 1 1 1 , 7 92 ;

’

M A GI S TR I CO M A C N ( M a st e rs of Co m o ) , I I e a rly u s e o f , by O p e r a tiv e M a son s , v1 1 ,

1 11, 705 . 2 007 ; th e di scov e ry o f, by M D id r on , .

MA I DM E N T, JA M ES , 1 11, 63 4 . 1 1 1 , 6 5 8 ; th r ee c l a s s e e s of , 1 1 1 , 7 96 , 7 97 ,
MA I ER , M IC H A E L, th e ory th a t R osicruci a n 802 ; r e s e m bl a nc e o f s to n e cu tt e rs , to
’

is m w as in troduc e d in to E ngl a n d by , ol d print e rs d e v ic e s , 1 1 1 , 8 3 4 ; th e ch a r

'

1 1, a ct e r of th e old S cot ti sh , 1 1 1 , 6 5 91
 IN D E X 2 04 3

th e u se o f for si gn a tu r e s i n
, S cottish M A SON I C S OC I Y cu sto m s of th I I I
ET , e, 62 5
,

I SY
.

M a son ry , 111, 65 7 . M A S ON C ( cf S y m bol i s m

M BO LS .
“
th e
M A R Q U E S A S I S LA N DS , F r ee m a son ry int r o u se o f to e st a bl i sh
, a n a logy b e t we e n
d u c e d in , v 1 1 , 1 999 . F r e e m a sonry a n d th e R oy a l S oci e ty , 1 1,
M A R T E L, CH A R LE S , A N D N A M U S GRE GU S , 3 07
th e Le g e nd of , 1 , 2 2 , 8 5 M A SON IC S Y T W bb th S EM e e author of a
Y
.

M A R LA N D, th e in troduct ion o f F r ee m a son

, ,

univ rs lly p r ctic d in

e a a e th e U n i te d
ry V
in , , 1 41 4 ; i nt roduc tion of R A . .
St t s V 1 9
a e , 2 2
M a son ry in , VI
G G Ch a pt e r of
, .

, 15 16 ; . .
MAS O IC U N I hi t ofN ON s or v th e , in E ng
S o f A a d m i ts G Ch a pt e r o f,
,
th e U . . . .
l a nd V, 1 1 5 5
8 ; Cryptic M a sonry in , VI ,

Y
.

1 8 1 6, V , 1 2 9 M A S ON R F r e e m a son ry T e m pl e
,
( Cf
z
1 5 82 ; org a n i a tion of Gr a n d Co m m a nd
.

o rigi n of , a s t r e a t e d by di ff e r e n t school s
er y a n d subord in a t e co m m a nd e ri e s in , of though t , 1 , 7 ; l e g end a ry a ccoun t of
VI , 1610 ; S cott ish R i t e M a son ry i n , th e spr e a d o f , 1 , 8 3 ; inh e r e n t condition s
VII , 1 889, 1 8 9 0, 1 893 .
l e a ding to th e sp r e a d of, 1 1 1 , 692 ; O p e r a
K Y
M A S E L N E, a m e m b e r o f th e first lodg e t iv e condi tion o f , a m ong th e A nglo
i n F r a nc e , 1 1 , 2 83 .
S a xon s , 1 1 , 5 40 ; O p e r a tiv e , so m e S a xon
M A S ON A LLOW E D, a n e a rl y t e r m a ppl i e d to p a tron s of , 1 1 , 5 43 1 ; M a son ry , Ge o m
o e a d m i tt e d in to th e fr a t e rn ity , , III A rch i t e ctu r e , synony m ou s
5 ég e tr y , an d
t e r m s i n Le ge nd o f th e Cr a f t, 1 , 66 ;
M A S ON OE T H E R O A L A R CH , , 1 77 2Y VI I .
1 1 1 , 7 6 2 ; th e d e c ay of pr a ctic a l , , 8 49 ; III
M A S ON W OR D, i m port a nc e of th e , i n th e th e b e ginnin g o f a ddi tion s to A nci e n t
1 7 th c e ntury f or m of initi a tion , 1 1 1 , 6 49 ; Cr a ft , 1 1 , 3 40 ; a ll i a nc e of , w i th th e
th e m e di e v al , 948 ; , IV
fr equ e n t u s e of K nigh ts of th e R e d Cros s , , 1 3 1 7 ; m a d e V
th e, i n S c otti sh Lodg e R e cords , , 97 0, IV s las e r v i e n t to E ngl ish R oy a l ty , , 2 68 , II
97 3
M A S ON IC
A R CH E OLOG CA L S OC E T OF CI N I I Y
2 gg
M A S ON S , a p a rticul a r d r e s s c om m on to th e
I I
G N N A T , th e G r a n d M yst e ry o f F r ee
m e di e v a l , 1 1 1 , 5 94
m a sons D iscov e r e d ( fa c —si m il e of an
.

M A S O N s A LLOW E D, 1 1 1 , 6 1 7
e a rly Ca t e chi s m ) , publ i sh e d by , W , 93 0
.

I
M A S ON C A R CH E OLOG S TS ,m a ny ol d r e cords I
.

M A S ON S COM P A N , di r e ct p r e d e c e sso r of
’
Y
th e M a son s Lodg e s , 1 1 1 , 5 90 ; S to w s
’ '

di scov e r e d by , 1 1 1 , 604 .

a ccoun t of th e, 1 1 1 , 5 95 ; Ch i s w ei i s a c
’

I
M A S ON C A R M S , an a ccoun t of th e , 1 1 1 , 5 97 .

coun t oi th e , 1 1 1 , 5 96 ; th e London Com

I
M A S ON C B R ET H RE N , fi rst m e ntion of, i n th e
p a nics a n d th e , 1 1 1 , 5 89 ; O p e r a tiv e M a
A m e ric a n Coloni e s , , 1 3 94 V .

I I
M A S ON C CON S T TU T ON , a n ord in a nc e c om
m on to e v e ry ea rly , 1 1 , 5 7 6
son s a bsorb e d by th e, a ft e r 1 7 1 7, I v ,
I 902 ; h i story o f th e, by E d w a rd Cond e r,
J r , V 1 1 , 2 005
.

M A S ON C I CON S T T U T ON S ( cf I Ol d I .
.

M A S O N S COM PA N
’
.

Y
OF LO N DON , h i st o ry of
Ch a rg e s n a m e a ppli e d to docu m e nts , th e , 1 1 1 , 5 99
r angin g fro m th e 1 4th to 1 8 th c e n tury , .

1 1 1 , 5 98 ; M a st e rs a n d F e ll o w s forbi dd e n M A S O N S , T H E COM P A N OF , e a rly a ss oci a Y

to w ork w i th a Co w a“n by , 1 1 1 5 86 tion of, in E ngl a nd , 1 1 , 3 07 ; s e cr e t s of
th e m e di e v a l , 1 1 1 , 75 3 ; th e Ge n e r a l A s
.

I
M A S ON C D E GR EE S ( c f D e gr e e s a rgu
s e m b l i e s a n d Lodg e s of th e m e di e v a l ,
.

m e n ts a g a in st th e e xi st e nc e of , pri o r to
1 7 20 . I v , 95 3 1 1 1 , 604 ; non op e r a ti v e, ea rly e l e ction
-

o f , i n E ngli sh an d S c otti sh Lodge s, 1 1 ,

.

I I
M A S ON C GU LDS , th e R o m a n Coll e g e s of
A r tifi c e r s, th e pr ototyp e of , , 48 5 ; i n II 3 2 1 , 3 65 ; 6 5 2 ; S p e cul a tiv e ou t
flu e n c e of Cr a f t Gu il d s p i rit on , 1 1 1 , n u m b e rin g O p e r a tiv e, ea rly r eg

5 8 4 ; e xclusi v e ch a r a ct e r of th e , 1 1 1 , 6 1 2 ; u l a tion s of th e Fr en c li, te

th e e a rly E ngli sh , 1 1 1 , 5 8 1 ; ch a r a ct e r of q u i r e m e n t for a d m i ssion of , in e a rly

th e F r e nch m e di e v a l , 1 1 1 , 6 7 4 S p e cul a tiv e Lodg e s , 1 1 1 , 6 1 3 .

M A S ON S H A LL, in B as i ng h all S tr ee t , Lon

.

M A S ON C I K I
N GH T H OOD, ol d e st Gr a n d B ody
’

o f, i n th e U n i te d S t a t e“s , , 1 6 1 6 VI .
don , 1 1 , 3 07 , 3 1 6 .

I
M A S O N C LA W ( s e e und e r La w K
M A S O N S M A R S , th e h i st ory of, 1 1 1 , 7 92
’
.

I
M A S ON C LEG E N DS ( see th e M A S O N S W OU N D, 1 1 , 3 09
’
.

ch a r a ct e r o f , 1 1 , 45 6 . M A S S A CH U S E TT S , in troducti on of Fr e e m a
I
M A S ON C LO DGE S ( se e und e r s on r y in to , , 1230; V
fi rst Lodge a n d or
i d e ntity of r egul a tion s b e t w ee n , a n d g an i z a ti on o f Gr a n d Lodg e i n , , 1 3 98 ; V
R o m a n Coll e g e s , 1 1 , 47 6 ; co a l i tion of, in troduction of R oy al A rch M ason ry in ,
i n E ngl a nd ea rly i n th e 1 8 th c e ntu ry , a bout 1 7 69, , 1 2 73 ; , V1 5 1 9; r ep r e VI
1 11 , 85 0 ; origi n of th e titl e s , M a st e rs s e n t e d at org a n i in g o f Ge n e r a l Gr a nd z
a n d W a rd e n s in , 1 1 1 , 5 92 . Ch a pt e r , 1 7 98 , , 1 2 94 ; V
for m a tion of
I I
M A S ON C M A GA Z N E , b e st di scu ssion of Le Gr a nd Ch a pt e r I n , 1 799, , 1 2 7 4 ; Cryptic V
l a nd M S i n , 1 1 , 440“
. . M a son ry in , V1 , 1 5 8 2 ; org a n i a tion of z
I
M A S ON C R I TE s ( s ee R i t es riv a l ry o f , Gr a n d Co m m a nd e ry a n d subordin a t e
w i th I llu m in is m , i n Ge r m a ny an d co m m a nd e ri e s in , , 1 6 1 6 ; S cotti sh R it e VI
F r a nc e , 1 1 , 2 8 9 . Bodi e s i n , , 1 897 VI I .
 IN D E X
M A S TE R o rigin o f th e titl e 1 1 1 592 ; e a rl y
.
, , M E X I CA N S pictu r e ch ar a cte rs o f
,
-
th e e a rly ,

m e a nin g o f th e t e r m I V 892 ; rly a u , , ea VI , 1 7 08 .

th o r i ty o f th e 111 6 1 8 ; i m port a nc e of , , ME XI F r e e m a son ry in , v 1 1 , 1 942 org a n

CO ,
th e , in B au h ii tte n a n d S p e cul a tiv e i z a ti on of G r a nd Co rrim a n d e r y a n d sub
Lodg e s o f Ge r m a ny 1 1 1 7 49 , , . ordin a t e co m m a nd e ri e s i n , VI , 1 6 1 7 ;
M A S T E R OF L N G S TO N E S , 1 1 1 , 800IVI . S up r e m e Council A A S R in , v 1 1 , . . . .

M A S TE R GE N E RA L OF T H E B U LD N GS , j uris
-
I I 1 85 7
Y
.

diction s o f th e , i n F re nch M a son ry , , III M E E R , J G L , 1 1 , 43 4 . . . .

679 M I C H A E LE R , CA R L, 1 1 , 3 73
J
. .

M A S T E R M A S ON , e a rly d uti e s of th e , , 1 047 IV . I

M C H A U D , OS E P H F , , 1 3 1 5 . V .

M A S TE R M A S O N S , 1 4 th c e n tu ry a ss e m bl i e s I
M CH E LET , M ,
o f, 1 1 1 , 606 ’ . I I
M C H GA N , fi rs t Lodg e an d org a ni a tion o f z
M A S TE R M A S ON S D E GR E E ( c f D e gr e e s . G r an d Lod g e i n , , 1 42 8 , in troduction V
th e i nv e n tion of th e , , 97 5 ; r e cord IV o f R A M a son ry in , , 1 5 2 0 ; Cryptic
. . VI
of , in 1 7 2 7 , VI I , 2 009; R oy a l A rch origi M a son ry i n , , 1 5 83 ; org a ni a ti on of VI z
n a lly th e co m pl e tion of , , 2 0 1 0 VI I . G r a nd Co m m a n d e ry a n d subordi n a t e
M A S TE R M A S O N S LODGE , T e m pl a r M a son
'

co m m and e ri e s i n , , 1 6 1 7 ; S cott ish VI

r y un d e r j u ri sdiction of , p rior to 1 80 0, R i t e Bodi e s in , , 1 90 5 VI I .

VI , 16 13 . I
M DDLE TOW N ( CO N N fi rst m ee tin g o f th e .

M A S TE R W ORD ( s e e M a son w o rd ) , , 970 IV . G r a nd Ch a pt e r of th e N orth e rn S t a t e s

M A S TE R S A N D W A R DE N S , ti tl e s o f c h i e f o t’fi h e l d a t, 1 7 98, V , 1 2 96 ; 1 806 s e ssion of
c e rs , i n ch a rt e r e d Gu il ds a n d M a s on ic G G Ch a pt e r h e l d a t, , 1 2 97
. . V .

Lodg e s , 1 1 1 , 5 91 ; e a rly u se o f th e t e r m s , I I
M L TA R Y
LODGE S , so m e e a rly , i n P e n n sy
1 1 1 , 6 02 ; e a rl y f unction s of th e , i n m ak V
v a ni a , , 1 2 6 6 , in th e Civ il \Va r , , V
ing M a sons , , 6 1 9 III . 1 41 8 ; R oy a l A rch M a son ry i m port e d
M A S TER S OE CO M O ( cf T r a v e l in g F r e e . i nto A m e ric a by , v , 1 2 66 , 1 2 7 9 ; e l e
hi story a n d S pr e a d o f th e , m e n ts of th e R oy a l A rch di stribu t e d by ,
1 1 1 , 68 2 . V
, 1 2 88 , 1 2 9 3 ; e x i st enc e o f , in th e A m e r
M A S TE R S , F E LLOW S A N D A P P R E N T CE S , c o m I ic a n A r m y , , 1 42 7 ; j u risdict ion of V
m o n t e r m inol ogy in O p e r a tiv e a n d S p e c E ngl i sh , , VI
1 6 4 1 ; th e T e m pl a r d e gr e e
u l a ti v e M a son ry , 1 1 1 , 8 69 an d, , 1 3 72 V
Y
. .

M A S TE R S , e a rly S p e cul a tiv e r e gul a tion s r e I I

M L TA R T E M PLA R S M , r e l a tion O f m od e rn I
g a rd ing th e , , 91 7 ; r a nk in st ea d o f IV T e m pl a ris m to , , 1 3 68 V
K
.

d e gr ee in e a rly S cotti sh M a son ry , 1 1 1 , I

M LW A U E E , e a rly lodg e s o rg an i e d a t, , z VI
6 48 ; unr e m ov a bl e, , 1 1 96 ; w a r r a n ts of V 1 46 1 .

th e i rr e m ov a bl e , suppr e ss e d , , 121 1 ; V I
M N N E S OTA , fi rs t Lodg e an d org a n i a tion z
M a sonic sch i s m ov e r th e i rr e m ov a bl e , in o f Gr a nd Lodg e i n , , 1 468 ; i n tr od u c VI
F r a nc e , v , 1 2 2 0 . tion of R A M a son ry i n , , 1 5 2 0 ; . . VI
M A S TER S LE GE N D, pol itic a l in t e rpr e t a ti on
’
Cry ptic M a son ry i n , , 1 583 ; orga ni a VI z
of , 1 1 , 2 6 8 . tion o f Gr a nd Co m m a nd e ry a n d subor
M A S TER S W A R R A N T, con f e rri n g o f R oy a l
’
d i n a te co m m a nd e ri e s i n , , 1618 ; S cot VI
A rch d e gr e e u nd e r , , 1 2 93 V . tish R i t e M a son ry i n , , 1 889, 1 890, VI I
M A S E R S W ORD , n e w substi tu t e fo r th e , 1 1 , 1 892
‘
’

g
.

2 8 I
M N OR CA , Lodg e e st a bli sh e d in , by th e
M A TT H E W S , J O H N , copy o f m e d a l to , 1 786 , G r an d Lodg e of A nci e nt s ,
”
, 1 126 IV .

VI I , 1 91 5 . I
M N U TE , fa c si m il e of th e old e st , V 1 1 , 1 92 6
-
.

M A Y R O N N E , D OM N Q U E , , 1 445 I I VI . I I I I
M S S S S PP fi rst Lodg e a n d org a ni a ti on
, z
M CCA H A N , GE OR GE L , G G H P , 1 8 94, . . . . . of G ra n d Lodge i n , , 1 449 ; i n tr od u c VI
V , 1 3 02 tion of R A M a son ry in , , 1 5 2 1 ; VI
K
. . .

M CCL I N TOC , DR .
, opini on o f , as to m ea n Crypti c M a son ry i n , , 1 5 83 ; o rga ni VI
ing o f H i r a m A b i f 1 1 4 1 3 , , . z a ti o n of G r a nd Co m m a nd e ry a n d sub
M E DA L copy of a copp e r to Joh n M a t
, , ordin a t e co m m a n d e ri e s in , VI , 1 6 1 8 ;
th e w s 1 786 v 1 1 1 91 5
, , , . S cotti sh R i t e M a son ry i n , , 1 88 9, VI I
M E DI E V A L F RE E M A S ON S th r e e d i flc r en c e s , 1 890 , 1 8 92 .

b e t w e e n th e a n d S p e cul a tiv e F r e e m a
, I I
M S S OU R , fi rst Lodg e a n d o rg a n i a tion o f z
son s 1 1 1 86 3 , , . G r a n d Lodg e in , , 1 45 3 ; int roduction VI
M E DI E V A L M A S O N S s e cr e ts of th e 1 1 1 7 5 3 ; , , , of R A M a son ry i n , , 1 5 2 1 ; Crypti c
. . VI
th e Ge n e r a l A ss e m bli e s a n d Lodg e s of M a son ry in , , 1 5 86 ; org a ni a tion VI
of z
th e , 1 1 1 , 604 Gr a n d Co m m a nd e ry a n d su bordi n a t e
K
.

M EE ER , M OS E S , VI , 1 46 2 . co m m a nd e ri e s in , , 1 6 1 9 : S cotti sh VI
M EM B ER S H I
rly a n d m od e rn r e qui r e
P, ea R it e M a sonry in , , 1 88 9 1 890 , 1 892 VI I ,

J
.

m e nt s a s to in l odg e s 1 1 1 6 1 8 ; e a rl y
, , . I
M TCH ELL, O H N , o n e o f th e org a ni e r s of z
condition s of i n E ngl ish l odg e s I V 909 , , , . th e S up r e m e Council A A S R , , . . . . VI I
M E M OI R S O F E D M U N D LU DLow gr e a t 1 8 10 .

v a lu e of a s f a ith ful r e cord 1 1 2

. , , I
M T H R A S , th e M yst e ri e s of , 1 7 7 . I .

M E S TR I CE DE S M A CON S n am e o f O p e r a tiv e ,
M ODE R N S (cf e pi th e t gi v e n
.

M a son s in Ga ul 1 i x , , . by riv a l s to m e m b e rs of th e G r a nd
 IN D E X
NE V A DAfirst Lodg e an d org an i z a tion of
, N E W Y OR K I Y
C T , 1 8 1 6 a n d 1 82 6 s e ssion s of
G r a n d Lodg e in VI 1 47 6 ; int rod uction , , G G Ch a pt e r h e l d a t,
. . 12 98 1 2 99 ; V , .

of R A M a son ry in VI 1 5 2 4 ; Cryptic
. .
, , Ch a pt e r of R os e Croi x e st a bl i sh e d a t,
M a sonry i n VI 1 5 8 7 ; o rg a ni z a tion of
, , i n 1 797 , , 1 8 1 0 VI I .

G r a nd Co m m a nd e ry a n d subordin a t e N E W Z EA LA N D, F r e e m a son r y in , , 19 97 VI I .

co m m a nd e ri e s i n VI 1 6 2 0 ; S cotti sh , , I
N C H OLA S DE B ON N E I LLE ( see Bonn e V
R it e M a son ry in v 1 1 1 88 9 1 890 , , , . v ill e ) , 11, 3 1 1
N E W B R U N S W ICK
.

F r ee m a son ry in ,VI I , , N I CO I LA FRE DE R C , th e ory of , th a t R oy a l

, I K
1 93 1 , 1 93 9 S oci e ty a n d F r ee m a son ry r e sul t e d fro m
N E W B U R P OR T, Y K
in g Cyru s s Ch apt e r a t, i n ’
s a m e c a u s e, 1 1 , 3 07 ; tr ea t m e n t of R osi
1 798 , V , 1 2 74 . c r u c i a n i s m by , 1 1 , 3 3 6 ; th e i d e a s of , as
I
N E W CA LE DO N A , F r ee m a s onry i n , v 1 1 , to r e l a tion of F r e em a son r y a n d R o s i c r u
1 999 . c i a n i s m , 1 1 , 3 47 ; th e ory of, r e g a rd ing th e

N E W FOU N DLA N D, F r ee m a son ry i n , , 19 40 VI I inv e ntion of F r ee m a son ry , 1 1 , 3 04, 3 1 0,

Y
.

N E W J ER S E , in t roduction of F r e e m a son ry 3 1 6, 3 1 8 .

i n to , v , 1 2 2 5 ; fi rst Lodge an d org a ni a z N IE B U H in fl u e nc e o f c ri tic a l spi ri t

R, B . G, .

ti on of G r a nd Lodge i n , , 1 42 7 ; i ntro V of on M a sonic schol a rship I 3 9

, , , ,

N IL E S H E Z E K I A H
.

duction of R A M a son ry in , v 1 , 1 5 2 5 ;
. .
, Council O f S e l e ct M a ,

Cryptic M a son r y in , , 1 5 88 ; o rg a ni a VI z sons org a n i z e d by an d P P E ck e l VI , . .

, ,

tion of Gr a nd Co m m a nd e ry an d sub I 557

ordin at e co m m a nd e ri e s i n , , 1 62 1 ; VI N I M R OD, ntion a n d signific a nc e of i n
me
S cottish R i t e Bod i e s i n , v 1 1 , 1 902
,
.
Le g e n d of Cr a ft 1 2 0 6 3 ; sou rc e of i n
N E W GRA N A DA , S upr e m e Council A A S
, , ,
. . .
for m a tion r e g a rd in g I 64
R in , VI I , , .

, 1 85 7 N OE C H I D E a n A n d e s on i an t e r m for M a
“
. .
/ r
I
N E W H A M P S H RE , in troduction of F r e e m a sons VI I 2003 ”
,

V
so mr y into , , 1 2 2 9 ; fi rst Lodg e a n d or
, , .

N ORT H E R N J U R I S DI CT I ON ( A A S es
g an i z a tion of G r a nd Lo dg e i n , 1 406 ; V ,
ta b l i s h m e n t o f th e , v 1 1 , 1 8 5 0, 1 8 5 7 , 1 8 7 3
. . .

concu rr e nc e o f , i n th e G G Ch a pt e r , . .

I
N OA CH T E S , e a rly th e ori e s r e g a rdin g th e ,
.

a sk e d , , 1 2 95 ; V i ntroducti on of R A . .

a n d F r e e m a son s , 1 1 , 407
M a son r y in , 1525 ;, VI
Cryptic M a son ry fl
N OA H , i n u e nc e of th e Le g e nd o f , on S p e c
.

in , , VI
1 5 88 ; org a ni a ti on of Gr a nd z u l a ti v e M a son r y , 1 1 , 406
Co m m a n d e ry subor d in a t e c om .

and
m a n d e r i e s in , 1 62 0 ; VI
S cotti sh R i t e
IV
N ON O P ER A T E M E M BE R S OP LODGE S , so m e
-

e a rly , 1 1 1 , 8 40
,

B odi e s i n , v 1 1 , 1 896 .

N O M E N CLA T U R E , th e b e ginn i n g o f lodg e ,

.

N E W H A VE N , F r a nkl i n Ch a pt e r fo r m e d a t,
1 7 96 , v , 1 2 93
VI I
, 2 008 .

I
N E W M E X CO, fi rst Lodg e an d org a ni a tion z N OR T H A M E RI CA ( cf U ni t e d S t a t e s in .

tr o d u c ti on O f F r e e m a sonry in to , v , 1 2 2 4
o f G r a nd Lo dg e in , , 1 468 ; Cryptic VI N ORT H CA ROL N A , first Lodge a n d org a n I
.

M a son ry in , , 1 5 87 ; VI
org a ni a tion of z i z a ti on o f Gr a nd Lodg e in , , 1 42 2 ; i n V
Gr a nd Co m m a nd e r y a n d subordin a t e
tr od u c ti on of R A M a s on ry in , v 1
co m m a nd e ri e s in , , 1 6 2 1 ; S cotti sh VI 1 5 3 0 ; Cryptic M a son ry in ,
. .

VI
, 1 5 89 ; o r
R it e M a son ry in , 1 889, 1 890 , 1 894 VI I
g a n i z a tion o f G r a nd Co m m a nd e ry a n d
, .

N E W O R LE A N S , first Lodg e org a n i e d in , z subordin a t e co m m a nd e ri e s i n , , 1 6 2 7 ; VI

VI ,; l i st of t w e l v e lodg e s i n prior
1 44 5 ,
S cottish R it e M a s on r y i n , 1 889, VI I
to org a ni z a ti on of Gr a n d Lodg e VI , ,
,

1 890, 1 894
1 447 ; Ce rn e a u d e gr ee s in VII 1 8 5 3 .

1 856
, , ,
K
N OR T H D A OT A , fi rst Lodg e a n d org a ni a z
tion of G r a n d Lodg e i n , , 1 478 ; intro VI
.

N E W POR T ( R R oy al A rch M a son ry in

V
.

1 2 7 6 ; e a rly K n igh thood d e gr ee s in

,
duction o f R A M a son ry in , , 1 5 3 1 ; . . VI
,

V, I 3 73
,
Cryptic M a son ry in , , 1 59 0 ; org a ni a VI z
K
N E W Y OR , Gr a nd Lo dg e e st a bl i sh e d in by
tion o f G r a nd Co m m a nd e ry a n d subor
,
d i n a te co m m a nd e ri e s in , VI , 1 6 2 9 : S cot
A nci e n ts
“
th e 1 7 8 1 , 1 1 1 , 8 2 4 ; i n tr o d u c
,

tion of F r ee m a son ry into V 1 2 2 5 ; fi rst ti sh R it e M a son ry in , , 1 88 9, 1 890, VI I

1 892
, ,

Lo dg e a n d org a n i z a tion of G r a nd Lodg e

.

in V 1 409 ; in troduction of th e R oy a l N ON S E CI A R I A N CH A R A CT E R or M A S ON R ,
- ‘
Y
, ,

A rch d e gr e e i nto V 1 2 7 3 ; in trod uction origin of I v 942

th e , , .

N OR T H OU CK J O H N 1 1 2 7 4 3 00 5 43
, ,

of Capi tul a r M a son r y in V I 1 5 2 8 ; e p r , , , , , .

N OR T H I S LA N D F r e e m a son ry in VI I 1 998
, ,

r e s e nt e d a t orga ni z a tion o f th e Ge n e r al N OR W I C H F r a n k l in Ch apt e r a t

, , , .

G r a nd Ch a pt e r 1 7 98 v 1 2 94 ; Cryptic CO N N , .
, ,
, , ,

M a son ry in VI 1 5 88 : e a rl y Kn igh thood 1 796 , V , 1 2 93 .

. ,

d egr ee s in V 1 3 7 3 ; G r a n d Co m m a nd e r y NO V A S COT I
F r ee m a son ry i n , v 1 1 , 1 940 ;
A ,

P rovinci a l G r a nd Lodg e , e st a bl i sh e d in ,
, ,

organi z e d in V 1 3 90 ; Gr a nd Com
1 7 5 7 , by Gr a nd Lo dg e of A nci e nts ,
, ,
"
m a nd e ry a n d sub o rdin a t e co m m a nd e r
i es in VI 1 6 2 2 ; Colu m bi a n Co m m a nd e r y
, ,
IV
, 1 1 26 .

o rga ni z e d in 1 8 1 6 V 1 3 91 ; l i st of S cot
. , , V
N O I CE , n a m e o f one of th e R a m s a y h igh
tish R i t e Bodi e s in V 1 1 1 900 , , . d e g re e s , 1 1 , 3 5 2 .
 IN D E X 2 047

N U M A , ge rm of fr a t e rn a l i d e a i n philosophy D o wl an d M S d a t e an d publ ic a tion of , ,

of , 1, vi i ; Coll e gi a Fa b r or u m e st a bl ish e d 1 1 4 1 5 ; fu ll t e xt o f th e Le g e nd o f
,
-

by , lI , 47 4 . th e Cr ft in 1 17 18 ;
a T o w e r of , ,
-

NUM BE R S , P yth a go r ea n sy m bol i s m o f , i n B a b e l m e n tion e d in I 5 5 ; Le g nd . , e

c o r p or a te d in S p e cul a tiv e M a son ry , , II o f E u cl i d i n 1 6 9 : S t A lb a n Le g e n d , ,

.

3 6 7 ; th e sci e nc e o f , i n Gothi c A r c h i tec giv e n in 1 2 ; T e m pl e Le g e nd r e , ,

tu r e, 1 1 1 , 7 5 7 ; a nci e n t doct rin e r e g a rd ci t e d in I 1 5 4 , , .

ing odd , f ollo w e d i n nu m e ric a l sy m bol E dinbu rgh K i l w inn in g M S -

p r e s e rv a ,

i sm , , IV
93 1 ; th e sy m bol is m of, v 1 1 , tion o f a t K il w innin g 1 1 1 6 3 3
, , , .

1 73 3 . G r a nd Lodg e M S I 1 5 ; VI I 2 002 .
, .

H a ll i w e ll M S th e d a t e of 1 15 25 ;
C) , , , ,

V1 1 2 00 2 ; co m p a ri son O f W ith oth e r

, ,

OA T H ch a r act e r of th e O p e r a tiv e I V 97 1 ;
, , ,
M SS I 1 4 3 0 3 4 ; a n a lysis of th e
.
, , , , ,

for m of th e i n S t Ca th e ri n e s guil d at 2 6 3 0 ; qu e sti on o f Ge r m a n o rigi n

’
, . I ,
-

S t a m ford 11 5 7 9; th e for m o f n ot
. , ,
o f 1 1 1 7 42 ; Le g e nd of th e Cr a f t a n d
, ,

giv e n in O l d Constitu ti on s 1 1 1 6 1 5 ; th a t , , th e I 2 5 ; T o w e r o f B a b e l i n 1 5 3 ;
, , , ,

of th e \Va rd e n s 1 3 7 7 I V 892 ; a nnu a l , , ,

Le g e nd of E ucl i d in 1 6 8 ; T e m pl e , ,

r e n e w a l of i n S cottish Lod g e s 1 1 1 6 5 1 , , , . o f S olo m on not m e n ti on e d in I 7 5 ; , ,

OA T H OF A LLE G I A N CE G G Ch a pt e r , . .
,
Y ork Le g e nd i n 1 95 , , .

a dopts a n v 1 2 97 , , H a rl e i a n M S N o 1 942 su ppos e d d a t e , ,

O A T H OF S E CR E C Y a n e a rly for m o f th e I I I
. .

, , , of 1, 15 ; h i storic a l i m port a nc e of
, ,

615 . 1 1 1 6 1 6 ; a n a n a lysi s o f th e 1 1 1 6 I 7 fI ;
, , , .

I
O CE A N A , F r e em a son ry i n , , 1 999 VI I . r e c e n t di scov e ry of n e w copi e s of ,

O DD N U M B E R S ( cf S y m bol i s m
“
an . v 1 1 , 2 006 .

ci e n t a n d m od e rn sy m bol ic u se of, v1 1 , H arl e i a n M S N o 2 05 4 suppos e d d a t e , .

,

1 76 7 . o f I 1 5 ; H u g h a n s v i e w o f th e d a t e
, ,
’

0 00 DE S T A M A N D, a G M of th e T e m
. . . O f, VI I , 2 002 .

p l a r s , 1 1 7 0, V , 1 3 3 0 . H n e ry H e a d e M S v 1 1 2003
e , , .

I
O F F CE R S , t itl e s of thos e , o f Ge n e r a l G r a nd K r a us e M S ( Y ork Con sti tu tion s ) .
,

Ch a pt e r a n d D e pu ty G r a nd Ch a pt e r , , V sou rc e a n d publ ic a tion o f th e 1 5 7 , , ,

1 2 95 ; d u ti e s of th e G G Ch a pt e r , , . . VI 5 8 69 ; d a t e o f th e I 7 1
, 7 8 ; th e , , ,

1 491 doption of o ath of a ll e gi a nc e for

; a , B abyloni a n Le g e n d i n 1 5 8 ; Leg e nd , ,

in G G R A Con sti tution V 1 2 97 ; li st

. . . .
, , o f E ucl i d in I 6 9; T e m pl e Le g e nd , ,

of th e G G Ch a pt e r V 1 3 0 1 . .
, , . in 1 7 6 ; Le ge nd of S t A lb a n in 1
, , .
, ,

O H I O fi rst Lodg e a n d G r an d Lodg e i n VI

, , , 91 : quot e d i n r e l a tion to th e N oa
1 443 ; introduction of R A M a son ry . . c h i te s 11 4 1 0 ; w orthl e ss ch a r a ct e r
, ,
in v 1 1 5 3 2 ; Cryptic M a son ry i n V I
, , , , of th e as a uthori ty 1 1 4 1 8 , , , .

1 5 90 ; org a n i z a tion o f G r a n d Co m m a nd La n dsdo w n e M S suppos e d d a t e of 1 , , ,

e y an d
r subordin a t e co m m a n d e ri e s in , 15 ; ch a rg e s in 1 1 1 5 8 2 ; so m e e , , . r

VI 1 62 9; S cotti sh R it e B odi e s i n VI I
, , , q u i r em e n ts m e ntion e d i n 111 5 87 ; , ,

co m pul sory a tt e nd a nc e of M a st e rs
O K LA H OM A fi rst Lodg e an d org a ni z a tion
, a n d F e ll o w s in 111 6 07 , , .

o f Gr a nd Lodge in VI 1 48 3 ; org a ni z a , , M a son s Co m p a ny M S

’
v11 2 006 , , .

tion of Gr a n d Co m m a n d e ry an d subor P a p w or th M S I 15 7 8 ( not e ) ; M e , , ,

d i n a te co m m a nd e ri e s in VI 1 6 3 0 ; S cot , , d i v a l Le ge n d of E ucl i d in I 7 1
e , , .

ti sh R i t e M a sonry i n VI I 1 88 9 1 890 , , , , P h illipp s M S S N o s 1 a n d 2 VI I

’
.
, .
, ,
1 8 92 . 2 006 .

O LD CH A R GE S , m odific a tion of th e spi ri t , R e gi u s MS .

(H a l l i w el l MS ), v1 1,
b u r e t e ntion of th e w ord s of th e , IV
g
, 2 002 .

89 R ob e rts M S , 1 , 1 02 , 1 05 .

O LD CH A R GE S , OR M A N U S CRI PT CON S TI TU S lo a n e M S , N o 3 848 , th e d a t e o f th e , .

I
T ON S I , 1 5 , 3 7 ; prob a bl e sou rc e of th e , V1 1 ,
A i tch e son H a v e n M S , 1 , 1 5 -
.
2 002 .

A ln w ick M S , 1 1 5 ( c f , 880 , . . IV S lo a n e M S , N O 3 3 2 3 , th e
. d ate o f th e,
A ntiqui ty M S , I , 1 5 , 69 ; V 1 1 , 2 003 . I , 1 5 .

B a i n ( G W ) M S , V 1 1 , 2 006 . . . S lo a n e M S d a t e of th e
, N O 3 3 2 9, th e ,
VI I
.

Cook e M S , th e d a t e of , I , 1 5 ; , 1 ,15 ; VI I 2 002 ; t ex t of p ubli sh e d , ,

2 002 ; for m of th e Le g e n d of th e
Cr a ft in , , 1 4 ; Le g e n d of La m e ch s
S on s a n d th e P il l a rs in , , 45 ; T o w e r
by H u g h a n i n 1 8 7 2 1 1 1 6 2 6 ; m ost , , ,
I ’
v a l u a bl e a n d i m port a nt o f th e S lo a n e
I M SS .
, 111, 62 6 .

of B a b e l in , 1 , 5 4 ; Le g e n d o f E u S p e nc e r M S ( o r Col e M S ) , v 1 1 , 2 003 .

cl id ’in , 1 , 68 ; fi rst m e ntion of S ol o

.

T horp ( John T ) M S , , 2 002 VI I

m on s T e m pl e in , 1 , 7 5 , 1 5 4 ; Ch a rl e s
. .

Y ork M S S , su ppos e d a n d c e rt a in d a t e
.

M a rt e l an d N a m u s G r e e n s , a s giv e n of v a riou s ( N o 1 , N O 2 , N o 4, N o
in , 1 8 5 ; th e Y ork Le ge nd in , I , 95 ;
. . . .

,
5, 1 5 .

a ddi tion s to th e Le g e n d o f th e Cr a f t I I
OLD CON S T T U T ON S (cf Old Ch a rg e s
i n , 1 1 , 3 70
.

. nd so m e r e gul a tion s i n
2 04 8 IN D E X
th e O p e r a ti v e M a sons
’
, 111, 5 93 ; un i OPH I TE S s e ct ) th e ory th a t
(a Gnostic ,

for m ch a r ct e r of th e I V a , , 91 5 ; e xi st sy m bol s o f w e re incorpo r at e d in M , a

e nc e o f e a rly Lodg e s prov e d by 111 th e , , sonr y , 11, 3 73 .

6 1 0 ; co m pul sory a tt e nd a nc e pr e sc rib d e O R DER OF CH R I S T, TH E, V , 1 3 40 .

in th e m os t a nci e n t I V 898 ; c e rta i n , , O R DE R K IOF T in

TH E N G H TS E M P LA R ,
m od e rn t e r m s not found in 1 1 1 603 , , . A m ric n Col oni s v
e 3 69 a e , , 1 .

O LD M A N OF T H E M OU N T A I N S T H E n a m e , , O R DER E V 13 7
OP T H E A S T, , 2 .

o f th e Chi e f of th e A ss a s sin s v 1 3 3 0 , , . O R DE R H S I
OF T H E S J N ( cf O P T A L OF T . OH .

O LIVER R E V GE OR GE ( D
. . M a son ic . K n ights of M l t ) v 1 3 49 3 43 a a , , , 1 .

W orks publ i sh e d by I 5 2 5 60 1 8 7 , , , , , O R DE R H R D Mor V 3 42 , , 1

HO Y S
. . . . . .

2 12 ; 11. 2 7 4. 3 67 . 3 96 ; I IL 85 4 8 5 6 . ; I v. O R D ER K I S O
or TH E N GH T P TH E L EP
v , 1 3 42 ; VI L 1 7 3 4, U L H ER,
C V 3 0 , 1 1 .

1 758 ;th eory o f a s to th e O rigin a n d , O R DE R O K I H S I

F S N G H TS O P T A LER S or T
JO
.

P rogr e ss of F r e e m a son ry I 1 43 ; th e , , st bli sh m n t of V 3 6 1 3 49

H N , e a e , . 1 2 , .

T e m pl e Le g e nd a cc e pt e d by I 4 ; th e , , ORDE R T OF P TH E V 3 7 E M P LE IN A RI S , , 1 2 ,

T e m pl e Le g e nd a s t r e a t e d by I 1 5 5 , , . 1338 .

O N , V 1 1 , 1 76 1 .
O R DE R T T OP L S l g l cod of V
H E EM P AR , e a e , ,

O N O M A N T C A RI T H I M ET C, I th e a nci e n t de 13 8 2 .

scrib e d VI I 1 7 3 9
,
O R DE R
S O K IG O F th th r gr t N H T H O D, e ee ea

m il it ry I s v r l m di v l
. , .

O N T A R I O F r e m a son ry in VI I 1 93 9
e 5 ; th
a , , 22 e e e a e e a ,

v
, , , .

O P E RA T IVE B R OT H ER H OOD bu t on e e sot e ri c , 1 3 18 .

O R DE S OF S T J O H N , R H ODE S , A N D M A LTA ,
,

S yst e m of a d m i ssi on to th e I V 899 ,

R .

O P E R A T IV E FR E E M A S ON R Y ( c f F r e e m a son
,
G r a n d M a st e rs o f th e , , 1 3 6 4 V
.

I
.

ry O p e r a tiv e ) th e e xti nction of a s a O RD N A N CE S OF TH E S TO N E CU T TE R S OP

S TR A S B U R G, a dopti on of , i n 1 45 9, 1 1 1 ,
, , ,

Guil d I V 909 ; th e d e a th o f a n d th e
, , ,

bi rth of S p e cul a tiv e I v 1 003 ; d e cl in e of 7 43

th e in fl u e nc e of i n F r ee m a sonry V 1 1 7 7
, ,
O R EGO N , first Lodg e a n d org a ni a tion of z
, , ,
Gr a n d Lodg e in , Crypti c M a VI
.

O P E R A TIV E FR E E M A S O N S th e on e d e gr e e o f , 1 466 ;

so mry in V I 1 5 91 ; org ni z tion o f

, ,

I v 946 ; non e xi st e nc e of a M a son s d e

’
- a a , ,

G r a nd Co m m a nd e ry a n d subordin at e
,

gr e e a m ong I V 96 4
co m m and e ri e s in VI 1 6 3 0 ; S cotti sh
, , .

O P E R A T IVE GR A N D M A S TE R a n am e for , ,

R i t e M a son ry in VI I 1 889 1 890 1 892

,

H i r a m A b i f I I 43 9 , , , , .

O R EGO N CI T Y fi rst Lo dg e org a n i z e d a t VI

, , .

O P E R A T IVE LO DGE S con tinu a tion of a ft e r , ,

, , ,

1 466
bi rth o f S p e cul a ti v e M a son ry I v 940 ; .

O R DI N A CI O CE M E N T A R I OR U M , ti tl e of a cod e
, ,

e xclu si v e ch a r ct e r o f th e I I I 6 1 1 ; a , ,
of M a son ic rul e s , A D 1 3 70 “; I v , 1 044
gr a du al d e cl in e O f th e I v 88 1 ; a d m i s I I Y
. . .

OR G N OF FR E E M A S ON R ( s e e F r e e m a son
, ,

sion of T h e or e tic M a sons in th e di d ,

r y , S p e cul a tiv e ,
not a f e ct O p e r a tiv e ch a r a ct e r o f I V , ,
I I Y IV
896 ; S p e cul a tiv e M a sonry found e d on O R G N OF T H E R O A L A R C H , , 1 02 4

Y
.

th e , 1 1 1 , 68 3 O R K Y S GU LD A T A B BOT S B U R
’
I 1 1 , 565 , .

OR M E S I U S , O rd e r o f R os e Croi x a ttribu t e d
.

O PE R A T IV E M A S ON R Y d i stincti on b t w n
, e ee
to v 1327
Cr a ft of of Co m p a ny
" ,
an d
,
th e th e
.

M a son s
,
I
O R P H C FR A G M E N T S , , 1 76 1 VI I
3 2 3 ; pu rsui t of i n e a rly
” .

O R VI U S , L C ( se e a l so R osic ruci a n s
11 , , ,

lodg e s 1 1 1 6 1 1 ; th e gr a du a l d e c a y o f
, , ,
I I, 3 3 7
. .

8 5 5 ; IV 906 ; S p e cul a ti v e M a son ry

111 ,

f ou nd e d on 1 1 1 68 3
,
I
O S RI S A N D I S S , th e M yst e ri e s o f , , 1 7 7 , I I
, , .

fl
1 8 2 ; in u enc e o f th e M yst e ri e s o f , upon
O P E R A TIVE M A S ON S ( c f F r e e m a son ry .
l a t e r syst e m s , 1 , 1 8 2
tw o di stinct cl a ss e s of 1 1 1 7 44 ; th e
.

, , O U GH TR E D, W LL A M , 1 1 , 3 06 , 3 1 6, 3 1 8 I I
th r ee r a nks o f th e b a si s for th re e
.

S p e c u l tiv e d gr e e s IV 900 ; e a rly e m

a e , ,

b l e m a ti c u se of th e squ a r e a n d th e l e v e l P
by th e 1 1 3 49 ; s e c r e t s of th e 1 1 1 76 1 ;
, , , ,

ch a r ct e r of th e sy m bol s o f th e i n M i d
a , P A GA N M Y S TE R E S , I th e D ionysi a we e r a
d l e A g e s 1 1 3 6 7 ; sy m bol ic ch a r a ct e r o f
, , p a rt of th e I 1 7 1 ; ini ti a tion i n 1 th e ,
M a rks of 1 1 1 7 92 ; th e ri tu a l of
, , ,
”
1 7 4 ; signi fic a nc e of D ea th in th e I
“
th e , , 1 75 ; ,

th e I v 92 7 93 0 ; con trol of Lo dg e s t a k e n
,

, , , n a m e s o f th e v a riou s 1 1 7 7 ; si m il a rity ,
f ro m 1 1 3 6 5
,

, , .
i n for m a n d d e si gn of a l l th e 1 1 7 7 ; , ,

O P E R A T IVE M A S O N I C LA W ( cf La w . th e id e a of a poth e osi s i n th e I 1 78 ; , ,

so m e f e a tu r e s of 1 1 1 8 7 4 , , . tw o cl a ss e s O f t h e 1 1 7 9 ; th r e e st e ps i n , ,

O P ER A T IV E R I TU A L I V 92 7 ; d e gr ee s not , , th e i niti a tion of 1 1 7 9 ; th e pu rpos e of , ,

m e n tion e d in I V 93 8 , , th e 1 1 8 1 ; th e E gy pti a n I
, , 1 8 2 ; O si ris , ,

O P E R A T IV E S Y S TE M m odific a ti on o f th e l a w s
.

, i n th e 1 1 8 2 : d r m a ti c for m o f a ll e
, , a
o f th e for S p e cul a ti v e u s e I V 91 4
, , , . gory i n a l l th e 1 1 8 5 ; th e ori e s of th e , ,

O P ER A T IV E A N D S P E C U L A T IV E M A S ON S ri , ori gin o f F r e m a son ry in th e 1 1 86 e , ,

v a l ry o f th e V 8 7 8 906 ; u s a g e s of th
,
I
, , e, 1 92 ; a n a l ogi e s b e t w e n m od e rn F e c e r

co m p a r e d I V 08 4 98 7 , , , . m a son ry a n d th e I 1 92 1 98 ; th e o ry of , ,
-
 IN D E X
P OP E CLE M E N T V , p a rt pl ay e d by i n sup , und e r ,
v, 1 3 96 , 1398 , 1 407 , 1 409, 1 4 1 4,
p r e ssi on o f M il it a ry T e m pl a ri s m 1 2 5 6 , , . 1 42 1 , 1 42 3 , 1 42 7 .

P OP E CLE M E N T X I I f a m ou s bul l of a g a inst . ,

P RO VI i n fl u e nc e o f S t J ohn s Lodg e
DE N CE , .
’

F r e e m a son ry 1 7 3 8 v 1 1 91 , , . . a t on th e sp r e a d of th e R oy a l A rch
, v , ,

P OP E E U GE N I U S I I I th e R e d Cross sy m bo l ,
1 2 7 5 ; a col or e d lodg e e st a bli sh e d a t VI , ,

a ssign e d to T e m pl a rs by V 13 2 1 , , .
1 66 0 ; W e bb r e m ov e d to v 1 2 91 , , .

P OP E I N N OC E N T I I I v 1 3 1 6 , , .
P RO VI DE N CE CH A PTE R , 1 7 93 , V , 1 2 93 ; p ar
P OP E S OP R O M E a u thori ty o f in O rd e r o f , ,
ti c i p a te s i n org a ni z a tion o f Ge n e r a l
K night s o f th e R d Cross V 1 3 1 0 1 3 1 2 e , , ,
G r a nd Ch a pt e r 1 798 V 1 294 ; e st a b , , ,

P OR P H Y R Y a biogr a ph e r of P yth a gor a s 1 1

.

, , ,
l i s h e d org a ni z a ti on of Ch a pt r a t 1 793 e . .

3 v 1 2 7 5 ; 1 7 99 s e ssion o f G G Ch apt e r
, . .

I
P OR TO R CO, F r e e m a son ry I n , , 19 61 VI I h e l d a t V 1 2 96 , ,

P R OVOS T A N D J U DGE 7 th d e gr e e A A S R
. .

P ORT S M OU T H N H , e st a bl i sh m e n t of . .
, . . . .

Lodg e a t v , 1 2 2 9, 1 2 3 1 1 406 . .
a s a nnounc e d by th e S upr e m e Council

P ORT U GA L, i m port a n t m a rk s
”
d i scov e r e d of Ch a rl e ston in 1 802 VI I 1 8 47 , , ,

P YR R H O N I S T S a bu si v e t r e a t m e n t o f T e m pl e
.

i n , 1 1 1 , 805 ; S upr em e Counci l A A S . . .

,

R in , 1 85 7 VI I Le g e nd by I 7 , ,

P Y T H A GOR A S school o f p h il osophy e st a b

.
.
, .

P OW N A LL GO E R N OR , , 53 5 ; 1 1 1 , 695 V II ,

Y
. .

P RA E R , u s e of , by S cotti sh M a son s in l i sh e d a t Cr o to n a I t a ly by 1 1 3 66 ; , , , ,

op en in g Lodg e , 1 1 1 , 6 5 5 . sy m bol s i n syst em o f VI I 1 7 5 9; th e , ,

P R A TT , FO S TE R ( M , 1 42 8 V sy m boli c M a rks of h eal th in school

“ "
,

Y
. .

P R E S B TE R A N S , th e ory I
of Cro m w e ll i an of I I I 800
, , .

M a sonry a n d th e , 1 1 , 2 97 . P Y T H A GOR EA N P H I LOS OP H Y th e ch a r a ct e r ,

I
P R E S COTT , A R Z ON A , first Lodg e e st abl ish e d of II 3 66
, , .

a t, VI
, 1 48 2 .
P Y T H A GORE A N S Y M BOLS a doption of by , ,

P R E S TO N , W LL A M , M a sonic w orks pub I I S p e cu l a ti v e M a son s I I 3 6 7 3 68 , , ,

l i sh e d by , 1 , 1 99 ; , 8 45 ; , 8 7 9, 1 1 3 9 ; III IV P YT H A GORE A N S Y M BOLI S M in fl u e nc e of on , ,

th eory of , a s to th e O ri gi n a n d P rogr e ss S p e cul a ti v e F r e e m a son ry I I 3 70 , ,

Y
.

of F r ee m ason ry , 1 , 1 2 4 ; th e T e m pl e P T H A GOR E A N TR I A N GLE , TH E, VI I , 1 7 3 8,

Le g e nd a s t r e a t e d by , 1 , 1 5 5 ; th e ory of , 1 7 47
r eg a rding D rui di s m a n d F r e e m a son r y , PY R osicruci a n s vo w s l ik e
’
T H A GORE A N S ,
1 , 1 99 . thos e of th e , II , 3 3 7 ; F r ee m a son ry and

P RE S TO N I A N S S TE M , a dopti on O f, in 1 77 2 , Y th e , II , 3 60 .

II
, 3 68

K
.

P R E S TO N I A N W OR , th e s o c a ll e d , v , 1 2 91 -
.

I
P R N CE E D W A RD I S LA N D, F r e e m a son ry in , Q
v11 , 1 93 2 .

PR I N CE LODGE ( col or e d ) , tru e hi story

H A LL
QU A RTE R LY COM M UN IC I A T ON S , IV 91 2 ; d u
of , by Ga rdn e r , , 1 6 42 VI ti e s of th e I V 988 ; supr e m e a uthority
,

Y V
.

P RI N CE H E N R , , 1 2 3 0, 1 3 96 , 1 3 98 ,
,

I
P R N CE OF E R U S A LE M , 1 6 th d e gr e e A AJ
.

of th e V 1 2 1 0, , .

QU A T U OR CORO N A T I LODGE n am e o f n ew
. .

R a nn ounc e d by th e S upr em e ,

S tud e nt s Lodg e N o 2 07 6 London VI I

as .

Council of Ch a rl e ston , in 1 802 , v1 1 , , , ,

.

2 003 ; th e T r a n s a ction s a n d R e prin ts of

1 848
I
.

P R N CE OF LI B A N U S , 2 2 d d e gr e e A A S
th e , VI I , 2 00 1 .

Q U E BE C, F r e e m a son ry in VI I 1 93 8
. . .

R , V 1 1 , 1 8 48 , , .

Y Q U E E N S LA N D F r e e m a son ry in v 1 1 , 1 996
. .

I
P R N CE OF M E R C , 2 5 th d e gr e e A A S R , . . . .
,

Q U OR U M r e qu i r e d nu m b e r for a i n e a rly
, .

VI I
, 1 8 48
and m
,

od e rn lodg e s 62 0 ;
,

IV 93 8
.

I
P R N CE OF T H E T A B E R N A CLE , 2 4th d e gr ee , 11 1, , .

A A S R , .
, 1 8 48
. . . VI I .

P RI T C H A R D S A M U E L th e Ch a rl e s M a rt e l
, ,

Le g e n d in h i s M a son ry D i ss e ct e d , I 88 .

P ROTE S T A N T R E L G ON , in u e nc e of th e , I I fl
u pon gro w ing F r e e m a son ry I V 94 1 , , R A DCL I FFE , sc a p e o f to F r anc e
CH A RLE S , e , ,
Y K
.

P R OPR I E TA R
“
M AR S,
”
1 1 1 , 803 8 1 2 : i n flu . 11 . 2 82 ; th e int rod uc e r o f S p e cul a tiv e
e nc e o f upon , S p e cul a ti v
e M a Ma rk son M a son ry i n to P a ri s V 1 1 8 7 , , .

r y , 1 11, 82 6 . R A GO N J M , th e o ry of r e g a rd ing e ty m ol
. .
, ,

P RO VI CI N A L GR A N D LO DGE S , th e org an i z a ogy of th e w ord H e r e d on 1 1 2 78 ; sal e , ,

ti on of V 1 2 3 4 ; origin o f th e
, , sy st em of , of M a son ic Ch a rt e rs m e n tion e d by 1 1 , ,
i n 1 7 2 6 ; VI 1 6 44 ; th e F r e nch V , , , 12 17 . 2 8 1 ; a n e s ti m a t e o f I V 96 7 , ,

Y
.

P RO VI I G N C AL L G M SS C U RA N D OD E OF A A H RA M SA , CH E V I
A L ER A N DR E W M IC H A EL ,
S ETTS 73 3 V 1 3 , 1 , , 2 0 . biogr a ph ic a l S k e tch o f V 1 2 43 ; ch a r a c , ,

P RO VI I G
N C AL M S j u ri sdict ion RA N D A TE R . te r an d pu rpos e of 1 1 2 7 7 ; r e l a tion of , , ,
an d functi on s of th VI 645 649 e, , 1 , 1 . w ith e xi l e d R oy a l Fa m ily of E ngl a nd ,

P RO VI CI G N M AL ppoi nt m n t RA N D A S TER S , a e 11 , 2 69 ; p r e t e nd e r to th e th ron e of

of by th Gr nd Lodg f M od m s
, e a e o
“
e ,
”
E ngl a nd o n e of th e pu pil s o f 1 1 2 70 , , ,

IV 3 3 ; col oni l lodg s

, 1 1 st bl i sh d a e e a e 2 84 ; th e ory o f r e g a rd ing th e or i gin o f ,
 IN D E X 2 05 1

F r e e m a son ry , I , 2 45 ; 1 1 , 2 83 , 3 5 2 , 5 1 9; REVIV I S n m giv n to th

AL TS, a
g i e e e r e- or an z
f abric a tor of ri t e s in F r a nc e , 1 7 3 5 1 7 40,
-
of M son ry in 8 th c ntu ry
ers a 3 67 1 e , 11, .

a n d R oy a l O rd e r of S cotl a nd I I , , 2 7 9, R V U I
E OL T ON 688 condi tion of F
OF m
1 , r ee a

3 5 2 ; v 1 1 97 ; ri t e s an d d e gr ee s found
,
~
y in E ngl n d t ti m of th
s on r IV 9 a a e e, , 02 .

e d by I 2 45 2 47 ; V I I 1 77 1 ; poli tic a l
, , , , R I
H E M S, M sonic m rks di scov r d t by
a a e e a ,

ch a r a ct e r of H igh D e gr e e s f a bric a t e d M D id . 65 8r on , 1 1 1 , .

by 1 1 2 69 2 7 7 2 8 1 ; S tu a r t M a son ry i n
, , , , RH I C 2 d l ib r l sci nc m n tion d i n
ETOR , e a e e e e
v e nt e d by 1 1 2 8 5 ; E ngl i sh a tti tud e
, , L g nd o f th Cr f t
e e 8 e a , 1, 1 .

to w a rd th e H igh D e gr e e s of I V 1 1 3 0 ; , , R H ODE I fi rst Lodg

S LA N D, d org ni z e an a a
th e six d egr e e s o f T h e R i t e of V , , tion of G r n d Lo d g i n V 1 4 1 ; i ntro
a e , , 1
1 2 48 ; i n fl u e nc e of V 1 2 48 ; i n fl u e nc e of , , , duction o f R A M sonry in VI 1 5 3 5 ; . . a , ,

on M a soni c t e r m inol o g y Le g , r e pre s e nt e d at for m a tion Ge n e r a l Gr a n d

e n d o f E noch s uppos e d to h a v e b ee n i n Ch a pt e r 1 798 V 1 2 94 ; Crypti c M a son ry
, , ,

v e n t e d by ge r m o f th e R oy a l
, In ,VI 1 5 91 ; o rga ni z a tion of Gr a nd
,

A rch i n th e H a u t e s Gr a d e s f a bric a t e d Com m a nd e ry s ubo rdin a t e c om

“
, an d
by V 1 2 43 ; sy m bol is m o f a R e cov e r e d
, , m a n d e r e s m VI 1 6 1 6 ; l i st of S cotti sh
i , ,

Word su gge st e d by V 1 2 5 0 ; d e gr e e s R i t e Bodi e s i n VI I 1 898 ; W e bb s body

’

, , , ,

inv e nt e d by n ot ph ilosophic a l bu t ch i
, r e int e rr e d by G r a nd Lodg e o f
-
v 1 2 91 , , .

v a l ri e I I 3 5 2 ; in R o m e i n 1 7 2 4 1 1 2 7 6
, , , , , . R I CH A R D or E N GLA N D S ov G M of th e ,

R A M S A Y D A VI D a
. . .

, g e ntl e m a n m a d e a
,
“
,
”
Knights o f R o m e an d Con sta ntin e v , ,

i e m b er of O p e r a tiv e Lo dg e 1 3 1 6 ; w ins titl e of Cou r d e Lion v “ ”

1 63 7 111
g4
, , , , ,

0 1322
Y
. .

R A M S A , S I R J OH N M T CH ELL, , 1 3 5 4 I V . R I CH A R DI , P R OR H I A GU S T A L, 1 1 , 551
Y
.

R A M O N D, E DW A R D A , , 1 8 78 . VI I . I
R C H TER , S A M U EL,
“
Gold e n R osi cruci a n s ,
R E BOLD, E M M A N U EL, posi tion o f , a s a M a first me n tion e d in w ork of , II , 3 54
Y
.

sonic h istori a n , , 5 1 9, 5 2 3 ; ris e of II RI S TE AND S S TE M S

S tu a rt M a son ry t r a c e d by , 1 1 , 2 7 3 . A c a d e m y of T ru e M a son s , a R i t e e s ‘

R E CORDS , r e c e n t d i scov e ry o f e a rly M a s on ta b li s h e d by P e r n e l ty , , 3 53 II .

ic , VI I
, 2 00 1 . A nci e n t A cc e pt e d S cot ti sh R i t e ( s ee .

V
R E CO E R E D W OR D, th e sy m bol i s m of a , su g
“
S cotti sh R i t e a n d u nd e r D e gr e e s
” “ "
.

ge st e d by R a m sa y , v , 1 2 5 0 . B a s il i d e a n Gnosticis m , , 3 7 2 , 3 77 II .

R E D CR OS S , a sy m bol a ssi gn e d to T e m pl a rs Cl e m e n t s Gnostici s m , 1 1 , 3 7 3

’
.

by P op e E ug e ni u s I I I , , 1 3 2 1 , 1 3 2 9 V . Co m p a ny of M a son s , , 59 9, 6 2 6 I II .

R E D CR OS S D E GR E E , v , 1 3 09 . Const a n tin i a n O rd e rs of n ighthood , K

R E D CR OS S OF R O M E A N D CON S TA N T N E , or I v , 1 3 09, 1 3 7o ff .

g an i z a ti on o f, v , 1 3 1 0 ; spr e a d of th e Ca pi tul a r R i t e ( see und e r D e gr ee s ,

O rd e r o f, , 1 3 1 6 , 1 3 7 1V . A or Y R i t e , 4
. .

R E GH ELLI N I , M , on th e spr e a d of sy m b ol
. Cryptic R i t e ( s e e und e r D e gr e e s ,
i s m , 1 1 , 3 7 3 ; vi e w s o f , r e g a rding R osi A or Y R i t e , 8
. .

c r u c i an i s m in h i s M a son ry Consid e r ed , E gypti a n M yst e ri e s , , 3 66 ; , 1 76 0 II VI I .

e tc , 1 1 , 3 3 6 , 3 47 ;
. v i e w s o f , r e g a rding E l e u s i a n M yst e ri e s , 1 , 1 7 7 .

A bb é Le F r a nc s th e ory o f th e origin
’
E s s e n e s , th e J e w i sh sys t e m of th e, , I
of F r e e m a sonry , 1 1 , 3 83 . 2 3 0, , 3 88 II .

R E GLE M E N TS S U R LE S A R T S ET M ET E R S , I , I F r e nch R i t e , , 1 2 1 8 V .

I6 Gnostici s m , th e ori gin a n d ch a r a ct e r

I I
R E L G OU S W A R S , in u e nc e of th e , on de fl of th e syst e m of, , 3 72 , 3 74 II .

v e l op m e n t of S p e cu l a tiv e M a son ry , , III K as sid e a n s , v , 1 3 46 .

55 M yst e ri e s o f Cabi ri , , 1 7 7 I .

R EGU LA T I ON S , TH E TH IR TY - N I N E r e fe r e nc e O rd e r o f Christ , , 1 3 40 V .

to I v 1 1 47 ; a dopte d i n
, , I 7 2 1 , 1 v , 1 1 48 ; O rd e r o f th e E a st , , 1 3 2 7 V .

so m e e a rly V 1 2 5 8 , , . O rd e r o f th e H R D M , V , . . . .

R E N A TU S , S I N CE R U S , th e p se udony m o f O r d e i of th e T e m p l e i n P a ri s , , 1 3 2 7 , V
S a m u e l R ich t e r , 1 1 , 3 5 4 . 13 3 g é
R E S E M BLA N CE S , i m port a n t , b e t w e e n m e d i e P a g a n M yst e ri e s ( see und e r P agan
v a l O p e r a tiv e , a n d m od e r n S p e cul a tiv e M yst e ri e s
”

M a son ry , , 86 4, 8 7 5 III . P yth a gor e a n syst e m of P h ilosophy ( see .

I
R E S U R R E CT ON , th e sugg e stion o f , in th e u nd e r P yth a gor a s ) ”

A nc i e n t M y s te r I e S , 1 , 1 78
_

. R a m s a y s R it e s , 1 , 2 45 , 2 47 ;
’

, 2 7 9» II
V I
R E E LA T ON S , T H E T H RE E , , 1 71 2 , 1 713 , VI 3 5 2 ; v , 1 1 97 , 1 2 48 ; v1 1 , 1 77 1 .

1 7 1 4, 1 7 1 9 . R it e o f S trict O bs e rv a nc e, 1 1 , 2 8 3 ,
VV
R E I A L, t e r m so m e ti m e s a ppli e d to bi rth R i t e F r a n ca i s e , , 1 2 1 8 V .

of S p e cul a ti v e M a sonry , , ; th e so I II R it e of P e r fe ction , origin a l n am e o f

c a ll e d , of F r eem a son ry , di scusse d , , IV th e
“
S cotti sh R i t e , , 1 8 05 ; ori gi n VI I
890 ; d e v e lop m e n t of S p e cul a tiv e M a son o f th e d e gr ee s in th e , , 1 8 05 VI I .

r y not 3 , 897 IV R osicruci a n S yst e m , , 1 3 42 V

Y
, . .

RE VIV A L OF FR E E M A S ON R , th e H e r m e tic d e S oci e ty of th e T ro w e l , 1 1 , 3 8 4, 5 1 8 .

gr ee s and th e , , 3 29 II . S tu a rt M a sonry , 1 1 , 2 7 3 F f .
2 052 IN D E X
S up r e m e O rd e r of th e H oly R oy a l R OB E RT , son o f \Vi l l ia m th e Conqu e ror , v ,
A rch , IV , 1 1 09 . 1 3 25 .

Y ork R i t e und e r D e gr ee s ( s ee I
R OB N , A BB E CLA U DE , a w rit e r on th e h i s

R I TU A L ( c f D e gr e e s and
“
S y m bol i s m
" to ry of I n i ti a tion s , , 1 0 1 7 ; b e l i e v e s IV
.
, P a g a n m yst e ri e s th e sourc e o f F r e e m a
Iv ) d e gre e s not a f e a tu r e o f th e O p e r a
, so mry , , 1 88 I
ti v e IV 943 ; so m e f ea tu r e s of th e O p e r a
.

, , R OBE R T S M S ( s e e und e r O l d Ch a rg e s
tiv e I v 970 ; d e sc rip tion o f th e i n 1 7 th
.

, , , I , 1 02 , 1 05
c e ntu ry 1 1 1 62 6 ; so m e f ea t u r e s o f th e
.

, ,

ol d e st e xt a n t III 86 5 ; th e e a rl i e st for m
I J
R OB S ON , O H N , a ccoun t o f th e origi n o f
, , so m e H igh D e gr e e s , gi v e n by 1 1 , 2 7 1 ;
of th e IV 93 0 ; o rigin h i story a n d t r a n s
, , , v i e w s o f, on th e J e su i ts , 1 1 , 2 8 7 , 2 89
,

m i ssion o i th e i d e a a n d u se o f w ord
”
K
.

in, m 6 49 7 2 0. 7 42 ; I v , 93 4, 948 , 97 0.
R OC WE LL, W LL A M S , th e I IM a sonic .

. .
schol a rsh ip o f, v , 1 3 05
1 1 3 0 ; v , 1 2 3 9, 1 2 49; V I I , 1 7 7 2 ; in u e nc e fl R OC KY I
M OU N TA N S , fi rst Lodg e e st a bli sh e d
.

o f th e O p e r a ti v e, upon th e S p e cul a tiv e , w e st of , , 1 47 0 VI

IV , 940 ; th e sou rc e o f g e o m e t ric a l s y m R OM A N CA T H OL C R E L G ON ( s ee I
.

I I
bol s in th e 1 1 1 86 5 ; si m pl e ch a ra ct e r of
. ,
i n fl u e nc e of upon ea rly
th e e a rly , , 89 IV
9, 92 8 ; th e G r a nd Lod g e F r e e m a son ry , , 940 IV
,

o f E ngl an d us e s old O p e r a ti v e , a t fi rst ,

.

R OM A N COLLE GES , th e m ea n i n g o f th e , 1 1 ,
I V , 1 0 1 4 ; th e e a rly S p e cul a tiv e , , 92 6 ; IV 47 6 ; th e o f fi c e s o f , 1 1 , 480 ; th e gro w th
a d e fini tion o f th e t e r m , I v , 92 6 ; fi rs t
a l t e r a tion i n th e ol d O p e r a ti v e , 1 7 1 9, I v ,
o f th e, , 488 II .

1 0 1 0 ; th e g ro w th O f, by g r a d u a l a c e r e
R O M A N COLLEG E S OF A RT F CE R S , ri s e a n d I I
p rogr e ss of th e, 1 1 , 489 ; spr ea d of th e , i n
tion s , III
6 60 ; P yth a gor e a n s sourc e o f
,
th e colon i e s o f R o m e, 1 1 , 5 02 ; sod a l ity
e a rly M a sonic , I I , 3 6 7 ; m od e rn origin of
th e e ss e nti a l f e a tu r e o f , 1 1 , 4 74 ; non
th e M a son ic , v , 1 3 4 7 ; th e f a b ric a tor s of
V D e s a g u l i e r s d e v e lop e d t he ,
op e r a tiv e m em b e rs i n th e , , 6 5 2 ; u s a g e III
th e , , 1 3 81 ;
of non p rof e ssi on a l m e m b e rs o f , fo l
-

IV , 91 7 ; m e thod o f d e t e r m i ning th e lo w e d i n s u bs e qu en t a g e s , , 8 77 ; i m IV
D e sag u l ie r ia n, , 92 8 ; sou rc e s o f th e IV port a nc e of, a t Co m u m , th e m od e rn
S p e cul a ti v e , IV
, 93 7 ; d e v e l op m e n t of th e Co m o , 1 1 , 5 08 ; Lo m b a rd s i m i t a t e th e ,
old O p e r a tiv e , i n to th r e e S p e cul a ti v e III 688 ; r e s em bl a nc e of th e Cr a ft
d e gr ee s , , IV
95 8 ; so m e ch a ng e s i n th e
,

G uild s to th e , 1 1 , 5 6 3 ; origi n of m e di e
e a rly E ngl i sh , , 1 1 07 ; IV
th e sy m bol ic
v a l M a son ry i n th e , , 1 91 ; M a son s of I
b a si s of th e v 1 2 43 ; t r a d ition a l sou rc e s
, , F r a nc e a con ti nu a tion o f th e , 1 1 , 5 2 3 ;
of th e fi rst d e gr e e i n th e M a soni c I I , ,
r e l a tion of th e Gu i ld s i n F r a nc e to th e ,
3 1 1 ; i ncorpor a tion o f th e Fe llo w Cr a f t s
'

1 1 1 , 66 4 ; i d e n ti ty o i r e gul a tion s b e t w e e n
-

d e gr e e in th e I V 95 7 ; o f th e M a st e r
.
,

, ,
a n d M a son i c Lodg e s , 1 1 , 476 ; origin o f
M a son s d e gr e e I V 97 5 ; sou rc e of th e
’

, ,
F r e e m a son ry in , 1 , p V i ; S p e cul a tiv e
T h i rd d e gr e e in th e M a soni c I I 4 1 6 ;
.

, , F r e e m a son ry d e sc e nd e d fro m , 1 1 1 , 7 05 ;
h i storic r e a son s fo r th e sy m bol i c u s e of D r M a ck e y s th e ory r e g a rding th e r e
’

th e T e m pl e of S ol o m on i n VI I 2 003 ; , ,
.

l a ti on o f F r e e m a son s , a n d th e , , 469, II
provi sion s of th e A rticl e o f U n ion r e ”
fl
47 1 ; i n u e nc e of , on M a son ry th rough
g a rding th e V 1 1 79; t r a c e s o f th e e a rly
, ,
ou t E u rop e , 1 1 1 , 6 44 ; Ge o m e tric al p ro
F r nch
e v 1 1 91 ; th e Fr e nch d e riv e d
, , , portion s l in k th e F r e e m a son s w ith th e ,
f ro m th e E ngl i sh V 1 1 95 ; th e in flu e nc e , , 1 1 1 , 75 8
of T ho m a s S m ith W e bb upon th e M a
.

sonic v 1 2 78 ; W e bb d e v e l ops a for

R O M A N S , b a pti s m pr a ctic e d by th e, , VI
, , ,
1 7 3 0 ; m e a n ing of a Coll e g e a m ong th e,
pr li m i n a ry Ch a pt e r d e gr e e s V 1 2 92 ;
e , , II , 476
O ri gin a n d spr e a d o f th e W e bb V
.

1 2 92 ; , ,
R OS E CR OI x D E GR E E ( se e und e r D e gr e e s
d e v e l op m e n t o f th a t of M a rk M a son ry , , not th e s a m e a s R e d Cross ,” ,
“
V
I I I 8 2 5 ; th e e a rly R oy a l A rch V 1 2 8 3 ;
, , ,
1 3 7 1 ; not th e sourc e of th e M yst e ri e s
con fl ic ting sou rc e s o f th e A m e ric a n o f F r e e m a son ry , , 2 90 ; A sh m ol e a n d II
R oy a l A rch V 1 2 88 ; th e b a sis for th e
, , O th e rs s a i d to h a v e h a d , 1 1 , 2 7 3 ; fi rst
Cryptic VI 1 5 65 ;
, th e m e di e v a l T e m
,
b rough t to notic e by P rinc e Ch a rl e s E d
p l a r s h a d a s e cr e t V 1 3 47 ; tr a c e s of m e w a rd , II
, 3 56
, ,

di e v al i n m od rn T e m pl a r v 1 3 68 ;
, e , ,
I
R OS E CR O X CH A PTE R , for m a tion o f, a t
.

sou rc e o f th e T e m pl a r v 1 1 6 1 7 ; T e m , ,
A rr a s in F r a nc e A D 1 7 4 7 , , 2 80 ; first II
pl a r a m od e rn production V 1 3 40 ;
. .

a doption o f th e T e m pl a r i n th e U nit e d
, ,
Ch a pt e r of, i n N Y Ci ty , 1 7 97 , , . . VI I
, 1810
S t a t e s VI 1 6 1 6 ; sou rc e of th e S cotti sh
.

R it e VII 1 868
, ,
R OS E N CR E U T Z , CH R S T A N , th e I I
m yth ic a l
, , .

found e r o f R osicruci“a n i s m , 1 1 , 3 3 1
R IV A LR Y e xi st e nc e o f b e t w e e n O p e r a ti v e K
.

.
, R OS E N R E U T Z E R ( s e e R os e Croix , II
a n d S p e cul a ti v e M a son s in 1 8 th c e ntu ry , 3 54
Iv, 8 7 8 , 906 .
I I
R OS CR U C A N M A S O N R , th e d e cl in e of , 1 1 , Y
R OB E R T S , J , 1 1 1 , 608
. .

3 55
R OB E R T DE CR A OU , s e con d G . M . of T em I I Y
R OS CR U C A N S S T E M , a p a rti a l l i st o f th e
V
plar s, , 1 3 2 2 , 1 3 2 9 . d e gr e e s o f I I , , 2 53 .
 IN D E X
ST . B E R N A R D s econ d crus a d e i nci t e d by v
, , , in fl u e nc e o f in th e d e v e l op m e nt of ,

S p e cu l a ti v e F r e e m son ry I V 1 08 2 a , , .

ST . B LA I S E , O p e r a tiv e F r e nch M a son s un S CH A W W I LLI A M , posi tion o f i n S cotch , ,

d er th e p a tron a ge of ,
11 1, 6 74 . M a son ry I I I 6 4 7 , , .

ST . CA T H AR N E S I ’

GU I LD, a t for m S t a m ford , S CH I S M th e d e v e lop m e n t o f th e b e t w e e n

, ,

of a d m i ssion a nd o a th i n Ch a rt e r of I I , , t w o Gr a nd Lo dg e s of E ngl a nd I v 1 1 04 , , ,

5 79 1 1 28 ; th e ri tu a li stic b a si s fo r th e in ,

S T CLA
. I C S ( S cotl nd )
R 1 63 6 ;
H A RTE R a , 11, E ngl a nd V 1 2 2 0 ; in fl u e nc e of th e gr e a t
, , ,

a consi d r tion o f th I V 08 5 e a e, , 1 . on M a son ic H i sto ry I V 1 1 5 2 ; d e v e l op , ,

ST . C I O RLA R I WI I first Gr nd
F OS L N , LL A M , a m e n t o f a in F r a nc e V 1 2 00 1 20 5 1 2 1 4
, , , , , ,

M a st e r of S cotl a nd , I v , 1 098 . 1 2 2 0 ; th e F r e nch a n d E ngl i sh cont r as , ,

ST . E D M U N D S B U R Y A DEOT or , con tr a ct b e , e d a n d co m p a r e d V 1 2 2 0 ; th e a pp e a r , ,

t w e e n , a n d J ohn Wood , in 1 43 9, , III a nc e o f a i n S cotl a n d V 1 1 76

, , , .

786 . S CH U LT Z E DW T VI 1 5 1 7, . .
, , .

ST . H E LE N A , Lodg e e st a bl i sh e d in th e I s S C H OE P P LI N J O H N D A l s a ti a I ll ust r a t e d
, .
, ,

l“a nd of , by th e G r a nd Lodg e of th e w ri tt e n by ( Col m e r 1 11 72 3 , , .

A nci e n ts , I v , 1 1 2 6
”
. SC I E N CE OF N U M BE R S , 1 1 1 , 75 7 ; I v, 93 1 ; VI I ,
ST . I
I S DOR E , in u e nc e o f h i s
“
fl
Ch ron icon 1 73 3 .

or Ch ron icl e , on M a son ry , 1 , 48 ; ind eb t S COT CH K I

N G H T , th e fi rst d e gr e e of th e
e d n e s s of th e Le g e n d o f th e Cr a ft to M a con P a rf a i t , , 2 7 1 II .

E ty m ol ogi e s of , , 6 9 I . S COTCH T E M P LA R S , V , 1 3 42 .

ST . J O H N T H E B A PT S T, u se of th e ti tl e, I S COTLA N D , Lyon s cont ribu tion to M a son ic

’

a m ong th e Ge r m a n a n d E ngl ish F r ee H i story in 1 1 , 3 2 1 ; e a rly n on O p e r a

,
-

m a son s , 1 1 1 , 6 7 4 a tiv e m e m b e rshi p i n Lodg e s of , 1 1 , 3 2 2

'

J
.

ST . O H N T H E B A P T S T S D A Y , org a ni a ti on I ’
z III
, 6 5 2 , 83 9 ; e a rly M a son ry in , 1 1 1 , 6 2 9 ,
o f first Gr a n d Lodge on , 1 7 1 7 , 1 1 1 , 8 5 0, i n troduction o f F r e e m a son ry in 1 1 1 6 3 2 ; , ,

85 h first h istoric p e ri od o f F r e e m a son ry in ,

ST . J OH N TH E E V A N GEL S T , I M a soni c c el e 1 1 1 6 3 4 ; t a rdy d e v e lop m e n t o f S p e c u l a

,

b r a ti on s of f e st iv a l of , 1 7 7 0, IV , 1 07 5 ; t iv e M a son ry i n 1 1 1 8 3 7 ; a uth e ntic r e c , ,

ords of F r e e m a son ry in 1 1 1 64 1 ; r ecord , ,

ST . J OH N S
’
LO DGE , Boston priority cl ai m , h istory of T r a n si tion f ro m O p e r a tiv e to ,

of V , , 1 3 95 ; fi rst r e gul a r Lo dg e in N orth S p e cul a tiv e M a sonry i n I V 1 090 ; r e l a , ,

A me ric a VI I 2 0 1 0
, , . tion of S p e cu l a tiv e F r ee m a son ry in to ,

ST J o m or J ER U S A LE M K nights o f V th a t of E ngl a n d I p x ; pol i tic a l u se o f

g
.
, , , , , .

13 1 M a son ry in i n th e ti m e of th e S tu a rt s, ,

ST . J OH N S
’
t e r m for th e th r e e
M A S ON R Y , a I I 2 74 ; th e ory of th e in t roduction o f
,

sy m bol i c d egr e e s o r A nci e n t Cr a f t M a , Cro m w e ll i a n M a son ry in 1 1 298 ; thr e e , ,

s on r y I I I 8 1 8 ; v 1 1 80
, , , Lodg e s cl a i m e d to h a v e b e e n th e fi rs t
S T M A R Y S CH A P E L LODGE E d inbu rgh p ri
.

.
'

, ,
i n 1 1 1 6 3 1 ; cu sto m s o f M a son s in i n
, , ,

o i ty cl a i m m a d e by
r 1 1 1 63 1 , , . th e 1 7 th c e n tu ry 111 6 46 ; e a rl i e st r ee , ,

S T P A U L S LODGE
. origin a l ti tl e of th e
’

,
ord of th e T h i rd d e gr ee i n IV 1 00 1 ; , ,

Lodg e of A n tiquity I v 88 6 , , . S p e cul a tiv e G r a nd Lodg e of org a ni z e d ,

ST PA UL M IN N
. fi rst Lodg e o rg a ni z e d a t
, .
, , i n 1 7 3 6 I I I 6 45 ; I V 1 079; a ttitud e of
, , ,

VI , 1 468 . th e Gr a nd Lodg e o f to w a rd th e E n g ,

I
S A LA D N , , 1 3 2 2 V l ish M od e m s I V 1 1 2 3 ; syst e m of
“
,
”
,

K I Y
.

S A LT LA E C T , first Lodg e e st a bl i sh e d a t, P rovinci a l G r a nd Lodg e s in VI 1 6 48 ; , ,

VI , 1 48 1 . cu sto m s a s to u se o f m a rks in 1 1 1 809 ; , ,

I
S A LU TA T O N S , FOR M S or , u s e d by T r a v e l ing M a rk M a st e r s d e gr e e gi v e n i n 1 7 78
’

, ,

C r a fts m e n , 1 1 1 , 7 5 0 . 111 660 ; th e M a rk d e gr e e ori gi n a t e d

,

S A N CT U M S A N CT OR U M , 1 7 66 , VI I . in 1 1 1 83 2 ; h isto ry o f th e M a rk d e gr e e
, ,

I
S A N D O M N GO i n t roduction of F r e e m a son, i n 1 1 1 8 1 7 8 1 8 8 2 0 ; e a rly pr a ctic e o f
, ,
-
,

r y in , VI1 44 5 ; A A S R in trod uc e d
, . . . . R oy a l A rch in v 1 2 6 3 ; VI I 2 007 ; th e , , ,

in VI I
1 809
, , T e m pl a rs in V 1 3 42 ; so m e T m pl r , , e a

K Y I
S A N E , R CH A R D , 3 20 , II . G r a n d M a st rs in V 1 3 43 ; S upr e m e K e , , .

V
S A A N N A H , GA fi rst Lodg e e st a bl i sh e d a t, .
, T E nc m p m e n t for m e d in
. a V 1 3 43 ; , ,

v , 1 3 95 ; e a rly F r ee m a son ry i n 1 405 , V , . S up r e m e Counci l A A S R in V 1 1 . . . .

, , ,

S A X ON C H A RT E R S , th a t of O r ky s G uil d on e
'
1 8 5 7 ; th e ri s e of S ch i s m i n V 1 1 67 ; , ,

o f th e old e st , 5 65 II , . hi story o f th e R oy a l O rd e r of 1 1 2 79; , ,

I
S A X O N GU LDS a n tiqui ty o f th e , 1 1 , 5 64 , . VI I 1908 ; K ings o f
, a s G r a nd M a st e rs ,

S A VE R A N T H ON , fi rst G r a nd M a st e r of Y , of th e R oy a l O rd e r 1 1 2 80 ; th e K nigh ts , ,

E ngl a nd , , 88 3 888 IV , . of S t J ohn in V 1 3 5 3 ; r e l a ti on of

.
, ,

I VI
S CA N D N A A N S , l e g e nd of th e S m ith am on g w o m e n to F r e e m a son ry i n 1 1 1 6 5 3 , , .

th e , II 4 , 23 . S COTT I S H J A COB I TE ti tl e o f R os e Croi x ,

S CH A W S T A TU TE S ( 1 5 98 , TH E , e ar l i Ch a pt e r e st a bl i sh e d at A rr a s F r a nc e , ,
e st con stitu tion s of S cotch F r e e m a son ry , 1 7 47 , 1 1 , 28 0 .

111 6 4 2 ; r s e m bl a nc e b e t w n th e a n d
, e ee , S COTT I SH K I N G H T, or M a st e r , f abric a t i on
th e ea rly E ngl i sh Con sti tu tions III 6 44 ; , , of th e d gr e e of I I
e , , 2 72 , 2 9 0 .
 IN D E X 2 05 5

S COTT IS K I H N te rm
GH TS OF ST A . N DR E W , a S E CE DE R S , T H E E N GL I SH , th e M a st e r s ’
de
in troduc e d in to M a son ry by R a m s ay 1 1 , , gr e e suppl e m en t e d by V 1 2 93 , ,
S E CON D D E GR E E ( cf D e gr ee s
“ ”
2 77 , 2 88 . sy m .
,

S COTT IS H r ecord s o f p r e se rv e d
LODGE S , , holi s m o f th e VII 1 7 5 6 1 7 6 5 I 76 7 , , , ,
S E CR E CY i m port a nc e o f i n M a sonic Gu ild s
.

sinc e c e n tury I I I 63 3 ; thr ee

th e 1 6 th , , , , ,
cl a ss e s o f m e m b e rs i n 1 1 1 6 48 ; so m e , , I I I 5 8 5 ; i m port a nc e of i n e a rly Lodg e s
, , ,

u s a ge s o f i n th e 1 7 th c e n tu r y I I L 6 5 5
, , , III 6 1 1 a n o a th of t a k e n by th e S qu a r e
, ,

65 6 . m e n in S cotl a n d II I 6 49; n e c e ssity a n d , ,

S COTT IS H M S N d gr of th F r nch
A O , a e ee e e i m port a nc e of i n O p e r a tiv e M a son ry , ,
R it V 8
e, , 12 1 . III 692 747 ; hi storic a l d e v e lop m e nt of
, , ,
S CO I
TT S H M S O S custo m s of th i n th
A N , e, e III 6 1 4 76 1 ; th e O p e r a tiv e M a son s
, ,

7 th c n tu ry I I I 6 46
1 e , , . pr a ctic e d I V 92 6 ; origi n of S p e cul a ti v e
, , ,
SC OTT IS M H t r m in t oduc d in to
A S TE R , a e r e i n O p e r a tiv e 1 1 1 864 ; w id e spr e a d pr ae
, ,

M a son ry by R a m s a y 1 1 , , 2 77 ; n a m e of tic e o f VI I 1 7 5 8 , ,

S E CR E T H I S TOR Y OF CLU B S p a rticul a rly o f

.

a d eg r e e f abric a t e d by de B onn e v ill e , ,

1 75 4, v 1 1 , 1 805 th e Gold e n F l ee c e Wi th th e i r O rigi

Y d t of
. .

S COTT I SH M A S ON R , origin of a e th e , n al : A n d th e ch a r a ct e rs o f th e m ost

III , 6 3 4 ; th e d e v e lop m e n t of S p e cul a tiv e , n ot e d M e m b e rs th e r e of 1 1 1 8 5 6 , , .

IV , 1 003 S E CR E T M A S TE R (Cf D e gr e e S R
“ ”

Y
. . . .

S COTTI SH OR S TU A R T M A S ON R , an a ddi tion o rigi n o f d e gr e e o f 1 1 2 74 ; 4th d e gr e e , ,

to th S y m bol ic d e gr ee s , 1 1 , 2 7 3
e . A . A . S . R .
, VII , 1 8 47 .

S CO I
TT S H R TE ( A A S I a t e rm i n . . . S E CR ET O R DE R OF FR E E M A S O N S , e tc ,
OF T H E .

tr od u c e d i nto M a son ry by R a m s a y , 1 1 , T H E , ti tl e o f l e t t e r i n th e Ge ntl e m a n s

’

2 7 7 ; union o f th e e a rly , w ith sy m bol ic z

M a g a in e , 1 7 3 7 , v , 1 1 91 .

F r ee m a son ry i n F r a nc e , , 1 2 06 ; e a rly V I I
S E CR ET S OC ET E S , fo r m a t ion o f , a m on g th e
hi story of th e , , 1 803 ; Wr e n s r e l a VI I ’
II
G r e e ks , , 497 ; so m e a nci e n t , , 1 3 46 ; V
tkni u) d e v e h nnn e n t of , p 1 8 04 ; th e . th e spr e a d o f, in th e 1 6 th c e n tu ry , 1 1 ,
B onn ev il l e H i gh D e gr ee s, p 1 805 ; .
3 84 .

F r e d e rick th e G r e a t a n d , p 1 8 06 , 1 8 1 0 ; . S E CR E T V A U LT, VI
, 1 5 64 ; signific a nc e O f th e .

M ori n s P a t e n t a n d v isi t to A m e ric a , p

’
. VI , 1 5 65 .

1 806 , 1 8 09; W e bb s i n u e nc e upon , p ’

fl . S E CR E T W OR D, u s e o f a , by m e d i e v a l M a
1 809 ; S upr e m e Cou ncil of th e 3 3 d s e s sons , , 7 6 7 III .

ta b l i s h e d , p 1 8 1 0 ; th e Ch a pt e r o f Cl e r
. S E CR E T S , on e s e t o f , co m m on to A p p r e n
m on t , p 1 8 1 6 ; Ch e v a l i e r d e Bonn e vill e , p
. . tic e s , F e l lo w Cr a fts a n d M a st e rs , i n
-

1 8 1 6 ; r e cognition of , i n F r a nc e, p 1 8 1 8 ; . O p e r a tiv e M a sonry , , 947 ; th e e a rly IV

ea rly st a tu t e s of th e, p 1 8 1 8 ; r e gi st e r . O p e r a tiv e, 1 1 1 , 7 45 ; , 9 48 ; g e o m e tric a l IV
of th e ori gin a l S up r e m e Council , p . Ch a r a ct e r o f m e di e v a l , , 6 79 , 7 5 3 , 796; III
1 8 2 1 ; sou rc e s o f th e d e gr e e s of , p 1 8 68 ; . u s e o f La ti n to conc e a l e a rly M a sonic ,
t i tl e s o f th e s e v e r al d e gr e e s of , p 1 8 47 ; . 1 1 1 , 7 48 .

h istory of th e , i n th e U ni t e d S ta t e s , I
S E CT ON S , th e sub d ivi sion s O f M a son ic d e -

VI I , 1 8 43 ; t e x t o f th e 1 8 02 Ch a rl e ston , VI I
gr e e s , , 1 7 6 5 , 1 7“69 .

Ci rcul a r , p 1 844 ; n am e s o f th e sev S ELE CT M A S TE R ( c f D e gr ee s

“
. th e d e .

e r a l d e gr ee s in , p 1 8 47 ; council s e st a b . VI
gr e e of, , 1 5 49, 1 5 5 3 .

l i s h e d in I t a ly , S p a i n a n d th e N e th e r S ELE CT M A S TE R OF 2 7 , d e gr e e o f, in c ap i tu
l a nds , p 1 8 5 0 ; N orth e rn J u ris dict ion
. l a r M a son ry of V i rgi ni a , , 1 3 1 1 V .

e st a bl i sh e d in 1 8 1 3 , p 1 85 0 ; S upr e m e S E P U LCH E R , K I
N G H T S OF T H E , , 1 3 18 V
Y
. .

Counci l of E ngl a n d a n d W a l e s e st a b S E R P E N T S M B OL, T H E , , 1 7 02 , 1 7 06 VI .

h s h e d i n 1 8 46, p 1 8 5 1 ; e fl ec t of th e . V I
S E E N L B E R A L S C E N CE S , t r e a t m e nt of , i n I
d ivisi on of th e U ni t e d S t a t e s , p 1 8 5 1 ; . Le g e n d of th e Cr a ft, 1 , I 8 , 4 1 .

th e n e w S up r e m e Council o f Fou l h ou z e, S H A DB OLT, T H O M A S , , 3 2 0 II .

p 1 8 5 2 ; r e l a tion o f Ce rn ea u to , p 1 8 5 3 ;
. . S H A W N E ETOW N , I LL , Lodg e e st a bl ish e d at, .

f a ction in th e N orth e rn S upr e m e Coun 1 8 1 5 , by ch a rt e r f ro m Gr a nd Lodg e o f

cil , p 1 8 5 5 ; l i st o f th e l e giti m a t e S u
. Te n n , , 1 45 0
VI .

p r e m e Council s of th e w orld , p 1 8 5 7 ; . S H OE M A R K S , prop ri e t a ry Ch a r a ct e r of m e

z
un r e cogni e d S upr e m e Council , p 1 8 5 8 ; d i e v a l , , 804, 807 III
J
. .

fl
con ictin g R i tu a ls , p 1 8 5 8 ; Council s of . S H ORT H OS E , O H N , 1 1 , 3 2 0 .

D e l ib e r a ti on , p 1 8 5 8 ; j uri sdiction of th e S H OR T H OS E , T H O M A S , , 3 20 II
I Y
. .

S upr e m e Council , p S DN E , A LGE R N O N , 1 1 , 2 94

’
1 85 8 ; di fi e r ing . .

w ork of th e N orth e rn a n d S outh e rn I

S GN , e a rly u s e of , a m ong Ge r m a n S ton e
j u ri sdiction s , p 1 8 5 9; con trov e rsi e s , p . . m sons III 7 0
a , , 2 .

1 86 1 ; t e xt o f th e a dd r e ss of Y a t e s , p . SI th
GN A TU R E , of M rks f 1 1 6 5 7e u se a or , 1 , .

1 86 3 ; st a ti stic a l i n for m a tion , p 1 88 9 . . SIG SN rly w ri tt n VI 698 703 7 7

, ea e , , 1 , 1 , 1 0 ,

I I
S COTT S H R TE B OD E S , t a bul a r st a tistics of, I 708 1 7 0 ( cf
1 , l so 7 96 8
1 805 . a 111, , 00, ,

VI I , 1 892 ; by S t a t e s , p 1 895 . 808 ; V I 1 7 1 8 7 , , 1 20

T OK
. .

I
S COTT S H T E M P LA R S , th e s tor y o f th e, I , S IG S
N AND
S th O p r tiv of EN , e e a e u se ,

255 . Iv,900 .

I VI
S CR B E S , , 1 72 5 . SI I O R I S cotti sh O p r tiv
N CLA R F OS L N , e a e
 IN D E X
M a son s dopt e d th e fa m ily o f a s p a
a , g an i z a ti on of G r a nd Co m m a nd e ry an d
t rons a n d prot e ctors I V 1 088 , , . subo rdin a t e co m m a nd e ri e s i n VI , , 1 63 5 ;
S I N GLETON W I LLI A M R s a l ut a to ry by v
, .
, , S cotti sh R i t e M a son ry i n VI I , , 1 8 89,
1 3 05 ; r e cord c e rtifi e d by VI 1 5 63 , , . 1 8 90, 1 892 .

S I R I U S o r D o g S t a r v 1 1 5 06
,
-
, , . S OU T H S TA TE S , Ca pi tul a r d e gr ee s giv e n
ER N

S I S M ON DI R e publ iqu e s I t a li e nn e s of I I I
, , , i n sy m bolic Lodg e s in , , 1 2 93 V .

7 09 S OU T H ER N S U PR E M E COU N C L, , 1 5 79 I VI .

S K I LLr U L A R C H I TE CT , a n a m e for H ir am V I
S O ER E GN GR A N D I N S P E CTOR S GE N E R A L OP -

A b i f, 29 T H E 3 3 R D, for m a tion o f Counci l of , VI I

MSS
,

S LOA N E .
, No .
3 8 48 ( see u nd e r O ld 1 806 ; 3 3 r d d e gr e e A A S R a s an . . . .

n ou n c e d by th e S upr e m e Council a t
S LOA N E, GE OR GE , th e ory of on th e r e l a tion , Ch a rl e ston , in 1 802 , v 1 1 , 1 8 48 .

of th e R osic ruci a n s a n d F r e e m a son s , V I

S O E R E GN P R N CE OP R OS E CR 01 x D E H ERE I
1 1, 3 48 ; Le l a nd M S cri ticis e d by 1 1 .
, , , DO M , 1 8 th d eg r ee A A S R a s an . . . .

440 ~ n ou n c e d by th e S upr e m e Council a t

SM I TH , LE GE N D OF TH E ( see Le g e nd of Ch a rl e ston , i n 1 802 , , 1 8 48 VI I .

th e id e pr e v a l e nc e of th e w I
S PA N , R o m a n Coll e g e s o f A r tifi c e r s in ,
m yths o f th e II 42 0 ; i n fl u e nc e of on , , , II
, 5 03 , 5 04 ; th e d e gr e e o f M a rk M a st e r

H i r a m ic sy m bol i s m I I 43 1 , , . not kno w n in , 1 1 1 , 8 1 7 ; S u pr e m e Council

S M I T H S I R W I LLI A M S I DN E Y V 1 3 5 7 A A S R , e st a bl ish e d i n , , 1 8 5 0, VI I
é5 7
, , , . o . . . .

S M IT H T O U LM I N
, w ri t e r on E ngli sh , I .

Gu il ds 1 1 5 6 1 5 6 4 , , , . S P E CTA TOR , in fl u e nc e o f th e on th e d ev e lop ,

S M I T I I P I E LD first K a n s a s Lodg e e st ablish e d

,
m e n t of S p ecul a ti v e M a son ry I I I 8 5 4 , , .

a t, VI , 1 47 2 . S P E CU LA T IVE e a rly e qui v a l e n ts o f th e t e r m

, ,

S OCI ETA C I
DELLA ( S oc ty o f th U CC H A RA ie e I I I 8 44 ; h istory o f th e t e r m III 8 47 ;
, , ,

T ro w l ) I I 3 8 4 5 8
e , , ,
1 p e riod w h e n th e t e r m c a m e i n to g e n e ra l
S CI Y I
.

O ET S F r m son ry
S LA N D 1 , ee a i n, v1 , I V 8 78
u se, , .

999
I SP C
E IV F
U LA T E RE E M A S O N R Y ( see und e r
S OCI I F r m son ry F r m son ry I I , S p e cul a tiv e )
”
N A N S, d th 38 ee a an e, 1 1 , 2 . ee a , .

S I
OC N U S F U th ory th t F r m son
, A S TU S , e a ee a S PE CU IV L
LA T E O DGE S (cf . r el a
y w
r found d by as 3 83 e , 11, . tion of ea rly to , th e M a sons Co m p a ny
’

S CI
O L
N U S, U I I 3 84 /E LI S, , . 1 11, 5 90
K si gn ific nc of th
.

SO CR A TE S VI I 1 7 47 , , S PE CI LA TI VE M AR , a e e, 1 1 1 ,
I Y p rinci pl of in d v l op m n t o f
.

SO DA L T , e , e e e 82 é
O p e r a ti v e and S p e cul a ti v e M a son ry , I, IV
S P E CU LA T E M AR K M Y ( fA S ON R C . De
p vi i i
. . gr s ee
”
th e ris e of , 1 11 , 82 5 .

S OFI S T H E P E R S A N a l l s e cr e t soci e ti e s o f
, I S PE C U IV LA T E M A S O N , a d m i ssi on of , in to
S y ri a tr ac e d to I o f th e O p e r a tiv e Cr a ft , III
g44
2 39 . od g e s , 8 3 8,
I
S OL M A N S U LTA N , v , 1 3 2 5
’
-
. .

S OLOM O N KI
N G or I S R A E L, si gnific a nc e of , S P E CU LA T E M A S ON R ( Cf IV Fr ee m a son ry , Y .

in M i ddl e A ge s , 1 , 8 2 ; i n r e l a tion to I I S p e cul a ti v e ) , d e v e lop m e n t o f , fro m

Le g e nd of H i r a m A b i f, , 7 9 ; , 41 3 ; I II sod al iti e s o f O p e r a tiv e M ason ry , 1 1 1 ,
F r e nch O p e r a tiv e M a son s of to d a y -
6 2 8 ; O p e r a tiv e M a son ry th e b a si s f or ,
c al l e d th e
"
chil d r n o f I I I e
”
, , 1 1 1 , 68 3 ; th e r e a l b e ginnin g o f , i n 1 7 1 7 ,
Lord
B a con s ro m a nc e o f th e
S OLO M ON so m e P yth a gor e a n sou rc e s of ,
’

, 1 1 , 3 70 ;
H ous e of a n d F r e e m a son ry I I 3 04
, , , . 1 1 , 3 68 ; I fl
n u enc e o f v a r i ou s l e g e nds
S OLO M O N CH A PTE R D E R B CON N 1 7 94 v ,
Y
, .
, , u pon . H 3 96 , 3 98 404 406 . 42 9 ; O p e r a
. . .

1 2 93 ; p a rtic ip a t e s i n th e org a ni z a tion o f ti v e sourc e of rly sy m bol i s m of th e ea ,

th e Ge n e r a l G r a n d Ch a pt e r 1 7 98 V , , , 11 3 49 ; 1 1 1 86 1 862 v a rious in fl u e nc e s
, ,
-
,

1 2 94 . th a t d e v el op e d I I I 8 5 3 ; in fl u e nc e o f r e , ,

S OU T H A U S TR A L I A , F r e e m a s onry in , VI I , l ig i ou s f e a tu r e s o f Cr a ft Gu il d s upon ,

1 994 . 11 5 7 4 ; i n fl u e nc e o f T S W e bb upon
, . .

S OU T I I CA R OL I
introducti on of Fr eem a N A, th e R i tu a l O f V 1 2 91 ; in t roduction o f , ,
soury in to v 1 2 3 0 ; th e fi rst Lodg e a n d
, , th e M a rk d e gr e e in 1 1 1 8 3 1 ; h e r m e tic , ,

org a ni z a tion of Gr a n d Lodg e i n V , , e l e m e n t i n H igh d e gr e e s of II 3 44 , , .

1 408 ; i ntroducti on O f R oy a l A rch M a S P E CU LA T IVE M A S O N S ind e bt e dn e ss O f th e , ,

s on r y in V 1 2 83 ; V I 1 5 3 5 ; Cryptic
, , , to m e di e v a l sci e nc e o f Ge o m e try 1 11 ,
M a son ry in VI 1 5 92 ; T e m pl a ri s m e st a b
, , 7 96 ; a r m s of th e O p e r a ti v e M a son s a s
l i s h e d in V 1 3 7 3 ; T e m pl a ri s m onc e d e
, , su m e d by th e I I I 5 97 ; a dopti on o f s om , ,

p e nd e n t upon th e A A R in v 1 3 7 8 ; . . .
, , , P yth a gor e a n sy m bol s by 1 1 3 6 7 , , .

o rg ni z a tion of th e Gr a n d Co m m and e ry
a S PE N CE R or Col e M S ( se e u nd e r
, Ol d .

a n d subord in a t e co m m a nd e ri e s in VI , ,

1 63 4 ; S cotti sh R i t e M a son ry i n VI I , , S PE TH , G W , v 1 1 , 2 002 . .

I
S P R E , M a son i c M a rks discov e r e d a t, by M
K
.

S OU T H DA D a kot a i n tr od u c
OT A ( cf . D i d r on , 1 1 1 6 5 8 , .

tion o f R oy a l A rch M a son ry in , , VI S Q U A R E A N D COM PA S S E S , ph al l ic u se o f th e ,

1 5 3 6 ; Cryptic M a sonry i n , V I , 1 5 92 ; o r in R os icruci a n sy m bol s II , , 3 49; ea rly
 IN D E X

S U BL I M E PR I S E CR E T
N CE OP TH E RO Y AL D e gr ee s of M a son ry (cf . De
P R I N CE OF M A S O N S , 3 2 d d e gr e e A A S . . . VI I 1 75 5 ; h i st oric , i n flu
R a s a nnounc e d by t h e S upr e m e Coun
. e n c e s, 8 5 3 : sou rc s of11 1, rly e ea
ci l of Ch a rl e ston , in 1 802 , , 1 8 48 VI I . M sonic I I 3 49 3 6 7 3 7 ;
a , 7 70 , , , 2 1 11, ,

S U N , r e f e r e nc e s to th e, in Gnostic sy m bol 79 7 97
2, 866 868 869 ; th , first , , e

is m , 1 1 , 3 7 9 . th r d gr s V I I 75 6 ; th ri t of
ee e ee , , 1 e e
I
S U P R E M E B E N G, un iv e rs a l P a g a n i d ea of
“
ci rcu m m bul t ion VI I 1 75 8 ; un i
a a
”
, ,

on e , v 1 1 , 1 7 4 7 . for m i ty in th p r ctic of pri m i tiv e a e e

S U PR E M E S OV G I G OF T H E
COU N C I L OF . . . . p opl VI I 1 7 5 8 ; th P yth gor n
e e, , e a ea

3 3 R D A N D LA S T D EGR E E A A S R FOR . . . . syst m 1 3 6 5 3 6 7 ; VI I 1 7 5 9; th

e , 1, , , e
TH E U S or A , th e org a ni a tion of ,
. . . z D ruid s VII 1 76 ; th E gy pt i n
, , 0 e a
VI I, 1 8 1 0, 1 8 2 0 ; f a c si m il e copy of th e -
M yst ri s VI I e 7 6 ; signific nc o f
e , , 1 0 a e
r e gi st e r o f, , 1 82 1 ; t e xt o f e a rly d e VI I “
li gh t 3 49 ; VII 1 7 6
,
”
7 64 ; o f
1 1, , 1, 1
VI
cr e e by , , 1 5 6 1 ; th e j u ri sdic tion of th e, d rkn s s VI I 1 7 6 o f th p
a e ,
”
, 2 e er
VI I, 1 85 8 . am bul tion 1 a 7 6 4 ; of th m id , v1 , 1 e
S U P RE M E CO U N C LS , A A S R , l i st of l e I . . . . dl e ch m b r VI I 76 5 ; o f od d
a e , , 1
“

g i ti m a te , v i i , 1 8 5 7 n u m b rs I V 93 ( not ) ; VI I
e ,
”
, 1 e ,

Y Y
.

S U P R E M E OR DE R OF T H E H OL R O AL A R CH , 1 7 66 ; th e ston e ( La pi s A ngul a r
IV , 1 1 09 is) , 1 1 , 3 41 ; S ol o m on s T e m pl e a s a
’

IK
.

S WA S T A CRO S S , T H E, 1 1 1 , 8 00 ; , 1 78 7, VI I M a son ic S y m bol I V 96 5 ; V , , ,

1 7 89 ; th e di scov e ry o f , i n A m e ric a , , VII 1 3 47 ; V 1 1 1 7 6 9 ; a tripl e s e ri e s of

,

1 7 97 a nt a goni s m s i n M a son ic v 1 2 3 9 , ,

SW I ZT E R LA N D, S u pr e m e Council , A . A . S .
( cf p . . VI I 1 7 5 7 ; th e th r ee ,

R i n VI I
, , 1 85 7 l igh ts I V 940 ; th e s e cr e t v a ul t V I
, , , ,

Y
. .

S I A I
M B OL C m nin g d R CH TE CT U R E , ea an 1 565 ; in fl u e nc e o f th e A nci e nts ”

spr d o f th styl of III 7 7 7 3 9 7 5 5

ea e e , , 2 , , . u pon th e d e v e lop m e n t o f I V 1 1 3 2 ; , ,

SY I M K pictu r s of so m i m por
M BOL C AR S, e e i n th e Cap itul a r d e gr e e s : th e M a rk
t nt m di v l
a , e e a ,
d e gr e e 1 1 1 82 5 8 3 0 8 3 2 8 3 3 8 2 7
, , , ,
-
,

SY I hi story of th ori gin ch r ct r

M B OL S M , e , a a e , 83 1 , 8 3 3 —8 3 4 : O p e r a tiv e sy m boli c
an d p r a ctic e o f , VI , 1 6 93 -
1 73 2 ; VI I , u se of m a rks 1 1 1 792 ; i n th e “
, ,

73 3 1 —1 800 . R oy a l A rch d e gr e e V 1 2 43 1 2 44 , ,
-
,

I I . ntroduction V I I 693 fl ; th e o rigin , , . 1 2 49 1 2 50

, 1 2 8 5 ; in fl u e nc e of th e
,

of VI 1 693 1 705 ; g e stu r e l a ngu a ge

, , , R oy a l A rch on th e g e n e r al d e v e lop
1 695 ; w r tt e n S gn s VI 1 698 i i , , m e n t of V 1 2 3 8 ; th e i m port a n t e l e
, ,

s y in b ol s VI 1 698 ; ligh t VI 1 701

, , , ,
m e n t of i n th e R A , V 1 2 3 9 1 2 42 ; . .
, , ,

h i e roglyph ic w ri tings V I 1 702 , , i n th e Crypti c d e gr e e s VI 1 5 5 5 , , ,

d e fin i tion a n d origin o f sy m bol s , 1 5 6 3 1 5 6 7 ; th e s e cr e t v a ul t VI 1 5 6 5 ;

-
, ,

VI 1 705 ; ea rl i e st m e thod O f con

, i n th e O rd e r o f th e R e d Cross V , ,

v ey i n g r e ligiou s a n d e thic al i d e a s , 1371 1 3 91 ; i n th e T e m pl a r O rd e r V

, , ,

111 8 6 8 ; V I 1 699 ; pictu r e w ri ting

, , , 1 3 68 1 3 7 0 ; V I
, 1 6 1 6 ; i n th e S cottish ,

VI 1 707 ; pictu r e s of a nci e n t sy m

, R i te , 3 5 8 ; v 1 3 09 ; v n , .

bol s VI 1 7 1 8 1 7 2 0 ; d e scription o f
, , , R a m s a y s contribu ti on to M a soni c
’

s a m e VI I 1 77 3 ; m e rging of a ll a n
, , V ,1 2 49 ; i n fl u e nc e o f W e bb on M a
ci e nt sy m bol s i n th e su n a n d m oon , sonic V 1 2 92 ; th e e l e m e n ts o f R os e
, ,

V I I 1 78 1 ; th e Ch e rubi m VI I 1 78 1 ;
, , , Croix II 3 5 7 ; th e R e d Cross in V
, , , ,

th e s w a stik a c ross VI I 1 7 8 7 ; th e , , 1 3 09 ; sou rc e of i n th e R oy a l O rd e r , ,

p e nt a lph a VI I 1 7 99 ; d e v e lop m e n t o f
, , VI I , 1 92 2 .

th e sci e nc e of 1 1 1 8 5 3 ; I v 1 130 ; , , , SY sign i fic nc o f i n S cottish R i t

M B OLS , a e , e
Goth ic a rchi t e cts fa m ili a r w i th 1 1 1 , , M son ry VI I
a 86 7 , , 1 .

797 SY I o rigin of m ost nci nt s cr t soci

R A , a e e e
II . The T hr e e R e v e l a tion s VI 1 7 1 2 ; I i n , , , e ti e s in V , , 1 3 46 .

e xt e rn a l n a tur e VI 1 7 1 3 ; 2 i n , , ,
m a n s n a tu r e VI 1 7 1 4 ; di sti nction
’

, ,

b e t w ee n good a n d e v il VI 1 7 1 7 ; 3 , , , T
th e w ritt e n r e v e l a tion VI 1 7 1 9 ; sig , ,

n i fi c a n c e of th e e l e m e n ts i n sy m bol I
T A C TU S , a ccoun t o f
R ma a o ni z ing B ri t in
i s m : ligh t VI 1 70 1 ; V 1 1 1 7 6 1 ; fi r e
, , , , by , 1 1 , 5 3 3 .

VI 1 706 ; w a t e r VI 1 7 3 1 ; d ew VI
, , , , , I I
T A LLE U R S DE P E RR E ,n of p r t v
am e O e a i e
73 2
1 . Ma son s in r nc F a e , 1 1 , 47 1 .

III . y bol is m of N u m b e rs I V 93 1 ; VI I
S m , , , I I I
T A LOR S GU LD A T L N COLN , C
’
on sti tu tion
1 73 3 ; V e sic a P i sci s VI I 1 7 3 3 ; , , of th e , 1 1 , 5 7 2 .

a r i th m e ti c a n d g e o m e try VI I 1 7 3 6 ; , , V
T A N CR E D, , 1 3 2 5 .

th e t r angl e VI I 1 7 3 8 ; th e M on a d
i , ,
I r
TA S M A N A , F eem ason ry i n VI I , , 1996 .

( th e poin t w ith in a ci rcl e

“
VI I , ssoci t of li s
T A Y LOU R , S A M U E L, a a e E a A sh
1 7 42 1 7 43 ; th e D u a d
. VI I 1 7 47 ; th e , , ol I I
m e, , 3 20 .

T ri a d VII 1 7 5 1 , , . I
T E LL E R ,
o rpor tions
CH A N CE LLOR , 1 5 3 1 C a

IV . Le g e nd s a n d S y m bol s i n th e S e v e r l a und re , 111 6 69 , .

 IN D E X 2 059

TE M P LA R D E GR E E , ea rly con f e rring of th e, TE N fi rst Lodg e a n d org a ni z a tio n

N E S SEE ,
in A me ric a V , , 1 3 83 o f Gr a nd Lodg e i n VI 1 449; i n tr o d u c
Y
.
, ,
TE M PLA R M A S ON R , ori gin of , i n th e U ni t e d tion of R A M a son ry i n VI 1 5 3 6 ; , ,
VI
. .

S tate s, , 1 61 2 . Cryptic M a son ry i n VI 1 5 93 ; org a ni z a , ,

T E M P LA R OR DER , knighthoods pr e c e ding tion of G r and Co m m a nd e ry an d subor
th e , V
, 1 3 09 ; a s e cr e t ri tu a l i n th e m e di ma t e co m m a nd e ri e s in VI 1 6 3 5 ; S cot , ,
V
di e v a l , , 1 3 47 ; m ingl ing o f, w ith R oy a l ti sh R it e M a son ry in VI I 1 889 1 8 90 , , , ,
A I Ch p rior to W ar o f I n d e p e nd e nc e , ,
’ V 1 8 92 .

I 3 é2 .

T E M P LA R R I T U A L, t r a c e s o f m e di e v a l T e m
TE R N A R , th e fi rst , Y , 1 75 1 VI I .

T E RT U LL A N , 1 1 , 2 75 I
V
p l a r i s m i n , , 1 3 68 ; th e E ngl i sh d iff e r
.

TE S S E RA H OS P I TA LI S , r e s e m bl anc e o f a
e n t fro m th e A m e ric a n , , 1 3 70 V .
S p e cul a tiv e m a rk to th e , of th e A n
“

T E M P LA RI S M , K I
N GH T , g e n e r a l hi story of c i e n ts , 1 1 1 , 8 2 6 , 8 2 9
V
m e di e v a l , , 1 3 09 ; th e s e v e r a l ord e rs of ,
.

I
T E S S E R , , 2 69 II
V d uring th e Crus a d e s , , V
.

, 1 3 1 0, 1 3 1 8 ; T E TR A GR A M M A TON , ti tl e o f H e br e w w ord
1 3 2 0 ; th e supp r e ssion of m i l it a ry , I , 2 5 6 ; f or th e D e i ty , 1 1 , 3 7 8 ; III VI
, 800 ; , 1 7 04
e x e cu tion of J a m e s D e M ol a y , V
.

, 1 3 3 1, T E U TON C I K I
N GH T S , origin o f , in th e Cr u
1 3 3 2 ; li st of Gr a n d M a st e rs , , 1 3 61 ; V s a d e s , 1 , 2 2 5 , 2 2 8 ; e st a t e s of th e T e m
th e sou rc e of m od e rn , , 1 3 3 9 ; in u e nc e V fl p l a r s sh a r e d by , , 1 3 3 5 V
o f S c o ts Lodg e s upon , v 1 1 , 1 8 1 4 ; intr o
.

T E X A S , first Lodg e a n d org a ni a tion o f z

duction of m od e rn, i n to A m e ric a , , V G r a nd Lodg e in , , 1 464 ; i ntro d uction VI
1 3 68 ; first r e c ord of, i n th e U ni te d of R oy a l A rch M a son ry i n , , 1 5 3 7 ; VI
V
S t a t e s , , 1 3 70 ; for m a tion o f fi rst e n th e s t a tus of th e Gr a nd Ch ap t e r of , V
c a m p m e n t of , i n th e U n it e d S t a t e s , , V 1 3 0 1 ; Cryp tic M a son ry in , v 1 , 1 5 93 ; o r
,

th e sp r ea d o f, i n th e U n i te d g a n i z ati on o f th e Gr a n d Co m m a nd e ry
1 3 77 ;
S t a t e s, , V
1 3 70, 1 3 8 3 Ge n e r a l G r a n d an d subord in a t e co m m a n d e ri e s i n , , VI
E nc a m p m e n t , in th e U ni t e d S t a t e s , , V 1 63 5 ; S cotti sh R i t e M a son ry i n , VI I
1 3 8 4 ; li st of G r a n d M a st e rs , , 1 3 93 ; V 1 889, 1 890 , 1 893
,

G r a nd a n d s ubordin a t e Co m m a nd e ri e s ,
.

T G A O U ( Th e Gr a nd A rch i t e ct of
in th e S t a t e s a n d T e rri tori e s, , 1 601 VI
. . . . .

.
th e U niv e rs e ) , , 1 7 42 , 1 7 46 VI I
K I
N GH T S , ori gi n of , in th e
.

T E M PLA R S , T H E T H A N E S GU I LD A T CA M BR DGE , Ch a rt e r o f,
’
I
Cru s a d e m ov e m e n t, 1 , 2 2 5 , 2 2 7 ; e st ab I I , 5éS
l i s h m e n t of th e , , 1 3 1 9 ; in u e nc e of V fl I
T H E ODOS U S , E M P E R OR , a l l m ystic a l a ssoci a
O ri e nt a l soci e ti e s on , 1 , 2 42 ; th e ory of tions bol i sh d by 73 a e 1, 1
th e origi n of F r e e m a son ry i n th e , i n
, .

TH I C M S S ti tl o f rly non
E ORET AL A ON a e ea
v e s ti g a te d , 1 , 2 43 ; th e, a n d th e A ss a s
,

O p r tiv m m b rs
e a 8 41 ; tr ns for m e e e 111, a
sin s, 1 , 2 5 3 ; t r a di tion of th e d iv is ion of in g in fl u nc of th on M son ry I V e e
,
e, a
th e, a ft e r th e d ea th o f D e M ol a y , , V 1 01 1
, ,

th e e sc a p e o f th e su rv iving , to
.

CH A RLE S , a 1 7 th c e n tu ry coll e ctor

1 3 3 9;
TH E Y ER ,
S cotl a nd , 1 , 2 60 ; th e story of th e S cot
of M S S , 1 , 2 5
tish , 1 , 2 5 5 ; th e, “in S cotl a nd , , 1 3 42 ; V I
T H R D D E GR E E ( s e e D e gr e e s
. .

in A m e ric a ( se e T e m pl a ri s m T H OM P S ON , J OH N , 1 1 , 3 2 1
T E M P LE CH A P TE R , A lb a ny , N Y , prior to
.

. .

TH O M P S ON , TH OM A S 11, 3 1 1 .

1 7 97 , V , 1 2 93
-
I
T E M P LE B U LDER , th e Le g en d of th e , 1 , 2 2 ,
TH OR P ( J OH N T .
) MS .
, of A D . . 1 6 2 9, V 1 1 ,
2 002
7 3 ; th e . K
r a u se M S r e ci t a l o f , 1 , 7 6 ; a .

TH Y
.

C A , a F r e nch M a sonic h i stori a n

discu ss ion of th e, 1 , 1 5 1 ; signific a nc e of OR , . .

IV 11, 5 1 6 ; A ct a La to m o r u m by , 1 1 , 3 1 1
th e , , 96 5
.

d e fini tion an d signific a nc e of in

.

TE M P LE OF S OLOM ON , w ork don e by H i r a m TH OU GH T , ,

A bif in , 1 1 , 43 0 ; a pocryph a l ch a r a ct e r of d e v e l oping sy m bol i s m V I 1 6 94 , , .

T H R E E GLOB E S th e G r a n d Lodg e o f th e
cl a ssific a tion of w ork m e n a t 1 1 3 92 , ,

476 ; m e di e v a l tr a di ti on of ori gi n of F r ee
, , ,
VI I , 1 8 05 .

m a sonry a t I 1 63 ; 1 1 3 8 7 ; m e ntion e d
, , ,
T I LLE Y , COU N T DE GR A S S E , S cottish R i te
in al l ol d Con sti tution s I V 93 3 ; O p e ra sp r ea d by , v 1 1 , 1 85 0 .

ti v e ri tu a l istic u se of th e I V 948 ; a s a
,

,
,

,
TI M EA U S OF LOCR I , D e i ty d e fin e d by VI , ,

M a sonic sy m bol I I I 8 7 1 ; VII 1 769 ; , , ,

1 7 06 .

a ll e goric a l signific a nc e of v 1 1 1 7 66 ; , , T I M OLE ON , LOU IS H E R CU LE S , V 1 3 56

, .

sy m bol ic substi tu tion of in pl ac e of B a , T I sign ific nc e of so m e of th e S cot

TLE S , a

con s H ous e of S olo m on 1 1 3 1 0 ; r e a

’

, , tish R i t e v 1 1 1 8 69 , , .

sons for th e sy m bol ic u se of in S p e c , T OLE R A T I ON r e ligiou s th e a doption o f in

, , ,
u l a ti v e M a son ry VI I 2 003 sy m bol ic , , F r ee m a son ry I V 942 , , .

ch a r act e r o f i n f a bl e of Cro m w e ll i a n
, T ON S ON J A COD tr a nsl a tion of P y th a gor e a n
, ,
M a son ry 1 1 2 97 ; a l l e goric al r e l a tion of
, , w orks publ i sh e d by 1 1 3 6 7 , , .

B acon s H ous e of S olo m on an d 1 1 3 2 6 ;

’

, , T OR GA U Con sti tution s of 1 462 a dopt e d at

, ,
r eJ ec tI on of th e ory th a t F r e em a son ry In , 7 44
b e ga n a t 1 1 46 7 ; th e ory of M a rk de
, , T OU LOU S E , V e ill e B ru , or Fa ith ful S cot
gr e e a t a m yth 1 1 1 6 60
, , , . ti sh M a sons, cr e a te d a t, 1 1 , 2 8 1 .
 IN D E X
T O W E R OF A DE L, B e e m pr s n t for
th e Le g of UNI G TED LO DGE E GL (
RA N D OP N AN D se e

e n d o f, 1 , 6 1 . Gr nd Lodg of E ngl nd T h U ni t d
a e a , e e

TRA J A N , P l iny org ni z s a oll gi u

e a C e m Fa UNI S TE D
S ( und r th n m s o f
T A TE se e e e a e
b r or u m und r d v lop nt o f
e , 1 1 , 495 ; e e me th e S t a t e s ) , th e
spr e a d o f Fr e em a son r y
oll gi
C e a Fa b r o r u m in to pol i tic l cl ubs a , i n th e v 1 3 94 ; i nt roduction of M a rk
, ,

f r d by
ea e ,
1 1 , 496 . d e gr ee in 1 1 1 8 1 7 8 2 3 ; th e Gen , , , .

I I
T RA N S T ON , T H E , fro p r ti v to p c
m O e a e S e Gr a nd Ch a pt e r o f R oy a l A rch M a sons
u l a ti v e r son ry
F ee m a , 1 1 1 , 8 3 6 ; th e b e fo r th e V 1 2 97 ; Ge n Gr and E nc a m p
, , .

ginnings o f , 1 1 1 , 65 2 , 84 r ot 8 ; th e em e m en t o f K T i n v 1 60 1 ; th e T e m pl a r
. .
, , ,

c us s of
a e pr p r d
, 1 1 1 , 8 5 0, 8 5 8 ;
w ay e a e O rd e r in th e V 1 3 7 0 ; hi story of th e , ,

for ,
ch r ct r
1 1 1 , 860 ; a a d v lop
e and e e S cottish R i t e in th e VI I 1 8 43 , , .

me nt of I V , gr du l gro th o f
, 1
003 ; a a w , U N ER S A L W OR D, T H E ,
IV , 9 43 IV
Y
.

I v , 1 008 ; r cord hi sto ry o f i n cotl nd

e , S a , U R U GU A , S upr e m e Counci l A A S R i n, . . . .

1 1 1 , 66 1 ; I v , 1 090 . v 1 1 , 1 85 7 .

V I
T R A E L N G FR E E M A S ON S , u s e of t r in e m, I
U N S E CTA R A N , w h e n S p e cul a t iv e M a son ry
l oth c n tu ry
e p v i d v lop n t o f
, 1, ; e e me .
, be c am e I V , , 942 .

i n t ly fro
I a ll gi u
m Co e m Fa b r o r u m , 1 , U S A GE S ( se e
p ix
.
; 1 1 , 468 ;h i s to ry s r d of
and p ea U TA H , first Lodg e a n d org a ni a tion o f z
th e , fro o o f und
m C m , 1 1 , 5 08 ; 1 1 1 , 68 2 ; o G r a nd Lodg e in , , 1 48 1 ; i n troduction VI
er s o f othic rchi t ctur
G a e u ni ty
e , 1 , 1 91 ; of R A M a son ry i n , , 1 5 40 ; Cryptic
. . VI
of d sign i ntroduc d by
e e church
, 1 1 1 , 68 4 ; M a son ry in , , 159 3 ; org a ni a tion o f VI z
em ploy s ee rly p riod
at a n ea e , 1 1 1 , 69 9; G r a nd Co m m a nd e ry a n d s ubo rdin a t e
Ma son ry introduc d into e r ny by Ge m a Co m m a nd e ri e s in , , 1 63 5 ; S c o tt i sh VI
th e , I II , r l tion o f
7 10 ; e a to th e , th e R i t e M a son ry in , V 1 1 , 1 889, 1 8 90 .

D ionysi c rch i t cts

a A e o p ny
, 1 , 1 72 ;
“
C m a
of r F ee m a son s r pr s n t tiv o f in
e e e a e ,

E ngl nd
a , 1 11, 59 th ory of th i r
9, 6 0 1 ; e e

spr d to cotl nd
ea S a , s uppos d
1 11 , 63 1 ; e

us g s
a e in cotl nd
o f th e , S a , 1 1 1 , 63 2 ; V A DE M E CU M , FR E E M A S ON S
’
, ti tl e of a
ch r ct r of
a a e sy bol s of
th e m , 1 1, 36 7 . book publ i sh e d in 1 7 3 4 1 1 1 788 , , .

T RE N T, G a r n d odg o f ngl n d ou th
L e E a S of V A N DA LI A I LL conv e n tion to org a ni z e
, .
,

th e , histo ry o f th e , I v , 1 1 3 5 . Gr a n d Lodg e h e ld a t 1 8 2 2 VI 1 45 0 , , , .

T REVI S A , H igd n s e olychronic n tr n s

P
’
o a V A U GH N T H O M A S a c e l e br a t e d R os ic r u
, ,

l t d by
a e , 1, 56 . e i an 1 1 3 40
, , .

Tl I A D, history sy bol is o f
an d m m th e , v 1 1 , V A U LT th e S e cr e t si gnific a nc e o f VI 1 5 6 5
, , , , .

W l h t ri d s I V E I LLE B R U Fa ith ful S cottish M a sons

“ ”
1 75 1 ; th e e e a , , 2 03 .
,

I I
T R A L P E CE , th e e a rly of u se a , 1 1 1 , 65 0 .
( cr e a t e d a t T oul ou s e ) 1 1 2 8 1 , , .

I
T R A N GLE , O e a p r tiv of
e u se i n sy bol
th e , m V E N E Z U E LA S upr e m e Council A A S R
, . . . .

i sm , IV , 1 1 30 ; doubl
th e r qu ntly
e, a f e e in VI I 1 85 7
, , .

occu rring sy bol ic m rk o f

ma iddl th e M e V E R M O N T th e i n troducti on of F r ee m a son
,
g s
A e , 1 1 1 , 800 r y in V 1 43 2 ; th e firs t Lodg e a n d org a n
, ,

I I I Y origin l p c
.

I I
T RI N T A R A N CH R S T A N T , a S e i ati on o f G r a nd Lodg e in V 1 43 2 ; con
z , ,

u l a ti v e M a son ry st rictly ,
v 1 1 , 1 77 1 . cu rr e nc e of i n th e Ge n Gr a nd Ch a pt e r , ,

I I Y
.

TR N T , ea rly i d s r g rding
ea e a VI th e, , a sk e d V 1 2 95 ; int roduction o f R oy a l
, ,

1 72 3 ; ho g to i n rly
ma e , ea son ry Ma , 1, A rch M a son ry I n V I 1 5 4 1 ; Cryptic , ,
15 M a son ry i n VI 1 5 94 ; org a n i z a tion o f , ,
I K I
.

T R S E L ON , th e m sy bol of th e , VI I , 1 7 97 . G r a nd Co m m a nd e ry a n d s ubordin a t e
TRUE “ f r m ( see o V , 1 25 1 . co m m and e ri e s in V I 1 6 3 6 : l ist o f S cot , ,

T R U T H , a ll M a e son ic c r em on i e s t e nd to ti sh R it e Bodi e s i n V I I 1 897 , , .

wa , rd VI I
, 1 76 7 . V E S I CA P I S CI S a p ro m in e n t m ystic sy m bol
,

T U DA L CA N , e I
e as th ori s to th e e ty m ology of th e m e d i e v al M a sons 1 1 3 67 ; 1 1 1 , , ,

o f, 1 1 , 4 2 2 ;
_ th e Le in ge nd o f th e Cr a ft , 7 5 6 8 00 ; w id e sp r e a d u s e of th e v 1 1
, , ,
1 , 1 9, 4 7 ; th e Le e g nd of ( cf Le ge nd of . 1 73 3 .

th e S m i th
) , 1 1 , 42 1 . V IC TOR A , I F r e e m a son ry
in v11 , , 1 992 .

I
TU N S, S em e C upr ouncil A . A . S . R . i n, V I EN N A, e a rly j uri sdiction of th e Gr a nd
VI I
, 1 85 7 . Lodg e of , III , 72 1 .

R osicruci a n
“
T U R N ER , S H A RON , 1 1 , 5 1 2 . V I LLA N E U VE A R N OLD , DE ( see
T wo, th e m e nu b r
( see 11, 3 40 .

V I N CE N N E S , IN D , . fi rst Lodg e o rga n i z e d a t,

VI , 1 45 6 .

V I OLLE T—LE D U C, v i e w s o f on spr e a d

-
. of
R o m a n Coll e g e s of A r ti fi c e r s , 1 1 , 5 03
I I I
V R G N A , int rod ucti on of F r e e m a son ry i n,
U I i n 799 o f th
N ON , 1 , e R iv a l Gr a nd Bodi e s V 14 , fi rst Lo dg e a n d org a ni z a tion o f
19:
o f Fr c V an e, , 1 2 20 .
G r a nd Lodg e i n V 1 4 1 9 : R oy a l A rch , .

UN IT ED G C RA N D H A PT ER E S TA B L S H E D I IN M a sonry i n V 1 2 7 2 1 2 88 ; VI 1 43 ; , , ,
5

1 8 7 VI I
.

1 0 , , 201 . s t a tus o f th e Gr a n d Ch a pt e r o f V 1 3 0 1 ; , ,
u fi z IN D E X
M a son , in
th c e ntu ry for m of in i
th e 1 7 K
Y A R ER, J OH N , 11, 3 25 .

I I I 6 49; I V 948 970 ; O p e r a ti v e

ti a ti on , , , , Y A TE S , G I LE S FO N k e tch DA , VI I , 1 809 ; a S
origin o f th e IV 1 1 3 0 ; th e J e rus a l m , ,
e ,
”
of VII 1 86 2 ; a dd r e ss on th e l a w s o b
, , ,

U n iv e rs a l in th e e a rly R i tu a l j e c ts a n d hi s tory of th e S cotti sh R i t e

”
a n d th e , , ,
I v 93 4 ; i n I n di a n M ys t e ri e s VI I
,
1 7 72 , , . by v i i 1 863
, , .

W OR DS A N D S I GN S e a rly u s e of a m ong , , Y OR K r e m a ins o f R o m a n M a son ry in 1 1

, , ,

Ge r m a n S ton e m a son s 1 1 1 7 2 0 ; hi storic , , 5 1 3 ; m inut e s o f Lo dg e a t pr e s e rv e d ,

t ra n s m i ssion o f 1 1 1 742 , , . si nc e 1 7 1 2 I V 88 1 ; t e x t of th e e a rly

, ,
W O R M S M a sonic m a rks di scov e r e d a t by , rul e s gov e rning S p e cul a ti v e F r ee m a son s
M . Di d r on , 111, 65 8 . at I V 1 05 8 ; th e Gr and Lodg e of I V
, , , ,
W R E N S I R CH R I S TOP H E R in fl u e nc e of th e
, , 1 04 3 ; n o Lodg e s ou t of E ngl a nd w a r
p e rs e cution o f on ch a nge o f s m b ol i s m , , r a nt e d by G r a n d Lodge o f VI I 2 0 1 0
, , ,

Y OR K CO N S T I T U T I ON S th e suppos e d sou rc e
.

3 1 0 ; M a sonry a m ong A n g O S a xons

-
11 , ,

d e scri b e d by 1 1 5 5 7 ; th e P a r e n t a l i a of
, , , an d publ ic a ti on of th e I 5 7 5 8 69 ; , , , ,

quot e d 1 1 1 696 7 7 2 ; not a M a son v 1 1

, , , , , d a t e o f th e I 7 1 7 8 ; th e B a byloni a n
, , ,

1 804 . Le g e nd in 1 5 8 ; Le g e n d of E ucl id i n
, , ,

W R I TI N G , th e ol d e st m od e of VI 1 703 , , . 1 69 ; T e m pl e Le g e nd in 1 7 6 ; Le g e nd
, , ,

W R I TTE N R E V ELA T ON I , in sy m bol is m VI , , of S t A lb a n i n 1 91

.
, ,

Y OR K LE GE N D T H E 1 95 ; hi sto ry o f 1 95
.

1719 , , , , , ,

W Y O M I N G first Lo dg e a n d org an i z a tion o f

.

, 1 01 ; tru e m e a n ing of 1 1 01 , ,

Y OR K M S S
.

Gr a nd Lodg e in VI 1 48 3 ; in troduction ( s ee und e r O l d

“
, , .

of R A M a son ry i n v i 1 5 47 ; Cryptic , , 1, 15
K
. . .

M a son ry in VI 1 5 96 ; org a ni z a ti on of
, , Y OR R I Ca pi tul a r
TE M a son ry ,
( s ee
G r a n d Co m m a nd e ry a n d subordin a t e R oy a l A rch M a son r y , Cryptic R i t e ,
“ ” “

co m m a n d e ri e s in VI 1 640 ; S cottish , , T e m pl a ri s m ,
" “
nigh t T em pl a ri s m ; "
K
R i t e M a son ry i n VI I 1 889 1 8 90 , , , . a n d a l so
Y OU N G, N C H OLA S , I
, 3 20 II .

X
2
X E N OP H A N ES, VII , 1 7 46 .

Z E N D, b a pti s m in th e c e r em oni a l of VI , ,

1 7 3 0, 1 73 2 .

Z E N O, VI I
, 1 7 47 .

Z E N N A A R ( cf Ca bl e tow ) , .
-
VI I , 1 763 .

Z E R U BBA B E L, , 1 491 VI .

YA M E LI CH U S ( see J a m bl i ch u s VI , 1 70 5 Z OR OA S TE R , , 1 7 46 VI I
K
. .

YA N T ON , fi rst Lo dg e in Da kot a e st a b I
Z U R C H , e a rly j u ri sdiction of th e G r a nd
l i sh e d a t, VI , 1 477 . Lodg e of, 1 1 1 , 7 2 2 _
.
 P R O N O U N CIN G D ICT IO N A R Y
FOR U SE BY TH E

M A SON I C FR A TE R N I TY ,

Con t a i ni ng ov e r u n d r e d W or d s l i a b l e to M i s p r on u n c i a ti on
F o u r te e n H .

Th e F or m of I n s t r u c ti o n f or P r on u n c i a t i o n i s th e s a m e D e fi n e d
i n th e A m e r i c a n D i c ti o n a r y b y N oa h W e b s te r , L L D , . .

BY CH A R LE S T . M c cLE N A CH A N .

KE Y TO TH E P R ON U N CI A T I ON .

V O W E LS , R E G U L A R LO N G AN D S H OR T S OU N DS .

A , 5 (l ong),
. as in fi l e , Fri tz . O, 6 ( long ) , as in Old, N BtG .

A , a (short ) as i n Add my , 6 , 0 (short ) as i n Odd 1m

, . , , .

A , 5 (I ta l i a n ) as in Aim Fathe , P
, U a ( long) as i n U e m m
, r ar . . , s , .

B , 5 (l ong ) as i n E e M ae , v , U, ii (short ) as i n Us H am
.
, , .

IE, 6 (short ) as i n E nd M ét, , Y 5 ( long ) as I n Jif fy F 137

. ,
’
, , .

i , i (long ) as i n I ce F i n e
, , E , y (short ) as i n (QT
.
/s t N ymp h , , .

i , 1 (short ) as i n fi m
s’
, r .

Th e a bov e si m pl e process is ad opt e d o m i tting i ns truction r e l t i n g to di ph thon gs or

, a

tr i p th on gs , occ i on l soun ds or r e fe re nces to conson a nts

as a , .

A CCE N T —Th e princi p l a cc nt is d e not d by a h ea vy m a rk ; th e s cond a ry by a

. a e e e ,

li g ht r m rk as i n A b ra—cd —dab a In th e di v i sion of words i nto syll bl es th se m rks

e a ,
’ ’
r . a , e a

a lso supply th pl ce of th e hyph en

e a .

W OR D S O F‘ P R OP E R
D O U B T FU L P R ON U N C I A T I ON . M A S ON I C P R ON U N C I A T I O N .
N O T A T I ON “

H eb Fa th e r ; 1 1 th H
. e br a ic m on th .

F looring blocks .

A dr a w ing bo a rd — a tr a y
- .

T h e d e s troy e r or a nge l of d a rkn es s

, .

M as t e r of Ce r em oni e s of 6 th D e gr ee .

Fa th e r Of A do ni r am .

To s erv e.

S e rv a n t of God .

A s e cr e t pl a c e for d e posi t Of r e cords .

A s ecr e t ord er of th e i 8 th c e ntury .

S e v e n th Jew ish m on th .

D e riv e d fro m H e b r e w A bi an d B a l a h .

2 06 3
 P R ON OU N CTN G D I CTI ON A R Y .

WOK DB OP
DOU BTFUL P R O NU N C A TI ON I . M ASON I C P B O N U N CIA TION .
N OTA TI ONB .

A b ib alk Ch i e f of th e three ass as s i ns .

A b if Li te r lly h is f th er
a , a .

A b ih a el Fa th e r of S tre ngth .

A b ih u A son of A a ron .

A b ir a m A bi r m A ki sop tra i torous crafts man

a , .

A b l a ti o n Was h ing ba pt iz ing , .

A b r ac A cq u i ring th e sci e nc e of A b rac .

A b r a ca d ab r a A te r m of i nca nt a tion .

A b r a xa s A sy m bo l of th e y e r a .

A ca c i a S y m bol ic of th e soul s im m orta l ity ’

.

A ca n t h u s A p a rt of th e Co r i n thi an ca pi ta l .

A c c e s s or y P ri v a t e co m p an ion h ip s

A cco a l de . . Th e we lco m e i nto kn ighth ood .

A c el dam a F i e ld of bloo d
A ch a d A - k ad .

A c h a r on S c h il t on A’ ka—r OD S ch il -ton .

A ch ia s
A ch i sh ar One ove r th e house hold of So l om on
A ch m e th a . Na m e of a H e bre w city .

A eh ta r i e l Ca ba listic n a m e of G od .

A c ol
y te Ca ndl e b ea re r Church s ervant . .

A c ou s m a ti c i A—
c oos m a—
’
te’ee .

A d ah . J ep h th a ’sd ugh te r a .

A d ar . Th e t we lfth J e wis h m onth .

A dar el . A ng l of fi e
e r .

A d ep t A n e xp e rt .

A d e p tu s Cor on a t u s . S v e nth D e gr ee of th e S we di s h R i te
e .

A dh er e . Cl ing to .

A dj u d i c a te ” To d e t e r m i n e .

A dm ah A H e bre w city .

A d M a j -
or u m To th e gre t e r g lory of God a .

D e i G l or ia m
A d on a i A—d o n ah ’e - . Th e Lo rd .

A d on h i r a m S i g n i fying th e m as te r wh o is e xal te d .

A d on i r a m Son of A bd a .

A d on i s S on of M yrrh a an d Ci nyr as .

Of ful l ag e .

For l i fe .

A d ytu m A r e ti r ed p a rt of th e a nci e nt te m pl es .

A en e id A cr ea t i on Of V i rgi l .

A e on E on A ge or dur tion of a nyth i ng

’
. a .

A fi i l i a te * A n adopt e d one .

A g a p ae . A g —p e
’
a Lov e fe as ts
. .

A g a te Th e e igh th ston e in th e bre tpl ate as .

A g a th o p ad e s * . E c cl e si stica l O rd e r of 1 6 th c e ntury
a .

Of a giv en nu m be r of y ears .
2 06 6 P R ON OU N CI N G D I CTI ON A R Y .

W O R DS OF P R OP ER
N OT A 'n om
no unr r u x
. P s o s uu c u n ox . n as o m o r s oxu u c u n ou .
'
.

P la ce of J udgm nt of th e e Deed .

See E m ail s .

A ston e i n th e brea stpl te a .

Ass oci a tion of s tu d e nts of G e rma n y .

On e of th e Ch i efs of Is rae l .

A’ m é R e ’—u—n é .

Am m on i te s D es c end ants of Lo t .

Am sh a sp a n d s
*
. P rinci pl e of good am ong P e r i ans s .

A m ul e ts M ystic g e m s .

Th e S upr e m e G od of th e E gypt i a ns .

An ac h r on i s m A n e rror in com put i ng t i m e.

An ’a—kl m G i nts
a .

An ania s An —a—ni ’ as S ap p h i s consp i ra tor

ra
’
.

An ci e n t
* An ’sh nn t In d e fin it e t i m e .

A n dre A n d re Christoph e r K a rl A ndré .

A n dr ea . An ’ dr ea John V a l e nt i n e A n drea .

A n dr o g y n ou s An —
d r og ' y— nous A n— d r og —é — nous S id d egr ee . e .

A n g el . An ’j e l M es s e nge r .

A n g e r on a A n ’ ge—r o—n a A p g n d e i ty of th e R o m an s
a a .

A n im a M u n di
*
.
An ’I—m a M un ’di So ul of th e \Vorld .

A n n i h i l a te As —n i ’ h e —l a te D estroy fin l ly a .

A n no D e p o s i ti o m s
‘
An no De p o—s l ti o ni s
’
’ -
’

I n th e y ea r of th e D e p osi t e .

A nno D om i ni ; i h —n o D om ’i n —i .
Th e y ear of t h e Lo r d .

b r a’ I—
‘
An H I n th e H e br e w y ea r
’
’
A nno H eb r a ico n c) e co .

A n n o I n v e n ti on i s An -
n oI n - ve n s h e -o-n is
’
Th e y e r of d is cov e ry
a .

A n ne Lu cis A n n o Ll i
‘ '
'
c is I n th e y e r of Light
a .

A nn o M un di ;i n —n o M fi n’di Th e y e r of th e world
a .

Ann o Or d i ni s An n oO r di —n is
’ ’

I n th e y ea r of th e Ord e r .

A n n u air e A n ’ n fi —ai re F r e nch a nnu al r ec ord of p ocee din fi r

A n sy r e eh An sy—r éeh
’
A s ct of N orth e rn S yri a
e .

A nta r c t i c An t A r k’ti c Opposi te to th e N orth e rn circl e .

A n te p e n u l t Ah —te —p é —n u l t’ Th e l as t sy ll a bl e e xce pt two .

A n t i p od e a n s Les A n ti p odi e ns .

A n ti p od es An —tip ’ o—d é z .
Opposi te sid es of th e gl obe .

A nu b is or A n e p u * An—fi —b is or An —é -
p ii E gypti an d e i ty So n of Oe m s n d . a

A p am e . Ap ’a —m e Wi fe of K i n g D a ri us [N ep h thya .

Aph a ni s m A p h ’ a n - is m Conce a l i ng of th e body .

A ph a r sa th ch i te s A— ph ar —sa th '
~
c h i tes A P er si an tribe .

A p oca l y p se A—p b k ’ a—l l ps Book of R e ve l tion a .

A p ol l o A—p ol ’ o A G ree k d e i ty .

A p o r r h e ta A por r —h é ’ta I nt e l l i gibl e to th e i n i ti a te d

’

. .

A p os l e t A—p bs ’l A d e put ed a en t g .

A p oth e o si s . Ap—o—th e ’ o-s is D e i fi ca ti on .

A p par ent A p—p ar ’e nt E vid e nt .

A p p r e n ti c e A p—pren ’ tis T h e s e rvitor of a m ec ha ni c .

A ’ p ru n Badge of a M ason .
 P R ON OU N CIN G D I CTI ON A R Y . 2 06 7

WO R DS OF PR O P E R
DO UB TFUL P R O N U N CI A TI O N . I
M ASO N C P B ON U N CIA TKO N .
N OT A TI ON .

A q ua r i u s . A - qu a’ r i - na W te r bea re r Zodi ac
a -
. .

A r ab Ar’ a b or A’ ra b I nh bi ta n t of A ra bi a
a .

A r ab ici* A’ r a—bl ’ol P e rta i ni ng to th e Wi lde rn es s .

A r al A’ r el L ion of God .

A r an yak a
*
A r an
’
- ’
y kfl
a . A n a ppe nda ge to Ve da of th e I ndi a ns .

A r au nah A—r an n ah ’
Se e Oi vta n f
.

A r b r oa th * Ar —b é a th r A bb e y of E ngl an d 1 2 th ce ntur y , .

Ar -
i ’ne
ht Sec re ts m y st e ry
, .

A r ch an g el A r k—an j el ’
A n A nge l of th e h igh es t ord er .

A r ch b i s h op A rch —bis h op ’
A church d i g n i ta ry .

A r c h e ty p e .
F
i r/ he ap .
An origi n al m od el .

A r ch i m a g u s* Ar ’ch I—m a’g fis Ch i e f R ul e r .

A ch i p el ag o Ar — kI —p el a— go
’
G roup of is l a nds .

A r ch i te c t* Ar ’ k i —t ee t S ki ll e d i n th e a t of bu il d i ng r .

A r ch i te c t on i c u s A r ch i —tec—to n ’I—
’

c us R e l ti ng to A rch i tec ture

a .

A r ch i ve s Ar ’ ki vz P l ce for r ecords
a .

Ar c h i v i s te Ar ch i vi ste
’
-
A n o ffi ce r i n ch a rg e of th e ar ch i vw .

Ar k tik A n orth e rn c i rcl e of sp ce

’

A r c ti c .
a .

A r d u ou s Ar ’d fi —us Wi th d ifli c ul ty .

A’ r c a h
T h e give n su r f a ce
Ar E—
.

A r el i m l im Li t e r ll y v a li nt h e roic
’

a , a , .

A r eop a g u s A rM‘
p
’
a —
g us A tribun a l .

A r i a ni sm
* A’ r I—ah —is m Th e doctr i n e of A r i us .

A r id Ar’i d E xh a usted of m oisture .

A r ies A’r i ez .
Th e sign R a m i n th e Zodiac .

Ar m e n b u s ch e A r m e n b fis c h e
'
-
Th e poor box .

A r m i s ti ce A r m is—tis
’
Te m por ry truce a .

Ar ob a
*
A—r o ba ’
P l ed ge, cov en ant .

Ar om a A —ro m a ’
A n a gree abl e o dor .

A r r og a n t Ar ro—ga nt
’
O ver b ear i ng
i .

A r ta b an A r ta ban
’ -
A S cri be in th e S cottis h R i t e .

A r ta x e r x es . Ar ta g—ze r k —
'
~
ze z
'
A Pe rs i a n ki n g .

A r ti fi cer Ar —ti f i —
s er
’
D es ign e r of bui ldings .

A On e of thr ee h is tor i ca l d i v s i ons of

*
r y a n i

A s a r o ta * A v a ri e g te d p v e m e nt
a [re ligi on
a .

A sh e r .
A tr i b e of Is r a el .

A sh l a r S ton e as ta ke n fro m th e qua rry .

A n E as t e rn c ont i n e nt .

A sn a p p e r

A sp ir an t On e wh o p i re s
as .

A s s o c i a te Co m p nion wi th
a .

A ssur A ssyri a .

A s t ar te Fe m a l e D e ity of th e P h o n ic i ns e a .

A s tr ae a Th e G ra nd Lo dg o f R u ss i e a .

A sy l u m P la c e of r e t r e t [se m bl ed
a .

A works hop w h e re work m e n r e as a

2 06 8 P R ON OUN CI N G D I CTI ON A R Y .

WORN OP
DOUB TFU L P BO NU F G A TI ON . M ASO NI C P B O NU N CLA'H ON .

A t h e n ae u m Ath +n e’ u m A bui l d i ng for ph ilosoph ic in structi on

A to s s a " K tOS 83
“
/
. o D ught e r of Cy rus
a .

A tta c k ed . Xt ta kt,
_
o o o o A ssa i l d as sa ulte d
e , .

A t to u c h em en t At—wuc h e m é n t '
A—ton b —m ii n ’
u .

A tt h a k a th a
*
Zt’ th a -
ka tha ’
Comm en t a ry on Ca n on i m l books of
A ty s At ’ is Th e P h rygi n God [B uddh in m
a .

A u d a c i ou s Aw—d fi ’sh u s Con te m n ing l a w .

A u di en ce . Au ’dI—e n ce An a m bly of h ea rer s

sse .

A u d i V i d e T ac e’ Au —dl V i — de Til —
06 H ea r se e a n d b e s il e nt
, .

Auf w h et ’

I nsp e cto r ov e rs ee r , .

Au ’r I—c l A nge l of Fi re .

Au ’r i m Or U ri m .

Aus '
e r —wa h l —te r Chose n se l cted , e .

A um . Om God of th e H i ndoo s .

A nt V i n ’cé ré
E i th e r c onqu e r or di e
An t M o’ ri
.

Af v a—uu Th e d es ce nt of a H i ndu d e i ty
A vi s * A’ vi s
A k ’sI —u m Se l f-e vid e nt truth .

A A n a fi r m ati v e vot e .

Ky ’ u b u A gnon A j on , u .

As —a- r é ’ a S olo m on s C pt i n of th e Gu rds

’
a a a .

A—z fi ’ze l S ca p e go a t th e d e m on of dr y pl ac es
“ ”
,
.

B a al’
Ba -
l i m M as te r
a
’
. .

B aana Ré —a n ’ a So n of gri e f .

B ab y l on Bub / ch l on G t e of B el
a A k i gdo m . n .

B a c ty l ea * .
B ae tyl —é s
/ ’

B a cu lus B a cu—lus
’

Th e p s tora l sta fi ca rri ed by a bis hop

a
'

B a f om e t B fo—m et
a
’ '

S ee B ap hom e t .

B ag u lk al .
B a ’ g al k m -
G au rdi n of
a th e sa cred a k r .

B al diz —ch i n A c an opy supported by pi ll

’ ‘

B al d a ch i n
B a l dr i c Bi l / dr i k A ribbon worn from should e r to h i p .

B alm B arn A m e dicin a l g u m .

B a l sam o Bi l J os eph B alsa m o S ee Cagl iost o . r .

B a l u ste r B al us —te r
’
Th e support of a st a ir r a il - .

B an a cas B an a—kiis
’
A Ca pt in of G u rdsa a .

B ap h om e t B aph o—m et ’
A n i m a in ry idol or s m bol
g a y .

B ar ab b as E u—r ab b as ’
A fa th er s s on S on of A bb a or Fa th er
’
.

B ar b a r ou s B r b i —rus
a
’
z N ot Ba b a ri o us
r-
’ -
.

B ar b a t i F r a tr e s *
.
B a —b a ti Fr a tres
r
’ ’
B ea rd e d Broth e rs .

B ar M i tz v a h * Bar M i t z v h ’
a S on of Co m m nd m e nt a .

A ugustin B r uel
'

B a r r u el A bb Ba r u el A b b e
' ’
e r ar .

B a s m o th B h ’ m oth Fm g r-an t spicy , .

B a s i li ca * Da—
s il I—
’
ca Co urt roo m for adm i istra tion of la ws
- n

B a th K ol
*
B ath K6 ] A voice fro m th e S h e kin a h .

B M a ch eh Bé—b —w akb To b e w ith God

‘

ea f fi . .

B eau -
cé n
’
I —fer
2O7 0 P R ON OU N CIN G D I CTION A R Y .

WOR DS O? P R OP E R
DOU B TFU L P R O N UN CIA T O N I . M AS ON C I P R ON U N C A T O N I I .
N OT A TI ONB .

Ca i r n s Cai r ns H ea ps of ston es of a conic l form a .

t
Ca l a r a v a * . Cal / a—tra' v a M i l i t ry O rd r i ns ti tut e d 1 1 5 8
a e , .

Cal / rd A sul t n of E gypt bout 1 1 1 0

a a .

Ca l l i m a c h u s C5 1 1i m ~
'
-
1 ~ c h ii s
z N ot ed G re ci n a rt ist a .

Ca l m K ain Tr nqui l s e r e n e
a , .

Ca m a K m a
’
a A H in doo G od .

Ca n a a n i te K a n an —i t
’
e . D es ce nd a nts of Ca n aa n .

Ca n d el ab r a . K an —
d e l —a’ b r a A br nch e d ca n dl es t i ck
a .

Ca n t a l e v e r *
. Can ’ ta—l é v’e r . A proj e ct in g block o r brac ket .

Ca p i tu l a m Ki —p l t’ u—l ar P e rta in ing to a Ch pte r a .

Ca p e l l a Ka—p é l ’ l a Th e n m of a sta r
a e .

C a p r i c or n u s . K ap—ri —korn ’ us A Zodi a c l sign th e G o a t

a , .

Ca p u c h in *
lz —p u’ ch i n
C‘ A m on k of th e O rd e r of S t F ra nc is . .

Kr a a—v a n
’
N ot K ar —a—v an Co m p ny of m er
’
Ca r a v a n . a

Ca r b i sm Ci bo—n a r —is m A s ecr e t soci e ty of I t ly [ch a n ts

’
on a r r a .

Ca r b u n c l e Kar bun—ké l ’
A ston e i n th e bre as tpl at e .

Ca r m e l . Krm l
a
’
e Li t e r l ly A frui tful pl ac e
a , .

t
Ca r y a i d e s * Car ’ y —at’ i —d es Th e wo m e n of Car y aa .

Ca s m a r a n Ca m s—r an Th e a nge l of a i r .

Ca t a c o m b s * . Kt a
’
a—kom bs A ca v e for th e bur i l of th e d ea d a .

t
Ca e c h u m e n * . Cat’ H h u’ m e n A nov i ce i n r e l i gio u s ri tes
C a th a r i * Oath / a m . I t al i a n h e re tica l soci e ty 1 2 th c e ntu ry , .

Ce m e n t . S e m ’ e nt or S é—m ent ’
Th e no u n Th e bond of un ion
. .

Ce m e n t . S c m en t’
h
Th e v e rb To bin d toge th e r
. .

Ce m e t e r y Se m ’ eh té r —I A pl ac e of buri l a .

C e n e p h o r u s
*
. Cen ’é -
ph o ra s ’
Offi c e r in ch rge ofs a cred i m pl e m e nts
a ,

C e n ta i n e Cen tzi i ne A m ysti ca l soci ty of 1 9th c e ntury

’
e .

Ce n te n a r y Se n ’ te —n a—r I N ot Se n t e n a— l -
A ce ntury ’
r . .

Ce n s e r Sc u se r
/
A n i nce ns e cup or v as e .

Ce p h a s . S é ’ fas A S yri n n m e a Li te r l ly ,A ston e

a . a .

Ce r e s Sé ’ r és Th e godd ess of corn .

Ce r i d w e n * . Cé ~
r id
’
we n Th e I sis of th e D ruids .

Ce r n ea u Cé r Cér ’ n o
’
n ea u .

Ce r u l e a n S é—ru ’ l e—
an Th e color of th e sky .

Ch a l d e a C h al —d é a A count ry lo g th e E uphr a te s an d
’
a n

Ch a l i c e Ch al ’ is A cup or bo wl [Tig ris riv e rs . .

Ch a m b e r Ch am ’ b e r A n i ncl os e d p l a c e.

Ch a o s . K os a
’
N ot K a us A conf us ed m ass
’
. .

Ch a p e a u . Ch it p ’ eau S hi p o /
.

Ch a p i te r s Ch ap ’ e té r z h
. Th e ca p i tal of a col u m n .

Ch a s i d i m Ch a sl d—i m A se ct i n th e t i m e of th e M ac ca bees
‘
. .

Ch a sm N ot K a z um A void sp ce
’
Ka z m . a .

C h a s ta n i e r Gh es t a n ’ ’
-I e r B e ne dict Ch ta ni e r as .

Ch a su b l e Ch as fi b l e A n oute r d re ss i n i m i t tion of th e
’
-
a

C h f - d ’ oeu vr e
Ch f—d oeuvr e S h e—d e fi vr ’
[R o m n toga
’ '
e e a

Ch e r u b i m * . Ch é r ’ u- b i m Lit r al ly T h ose h ld f t
e , e as .

Ch e s e d Ch e s ed S ign ifying m e rcy

'
. .

Ch e s v a n Ch és ’ v a n N a m e of th e se cond Je wis h m onth ,

Ch e th Ch eth A city of P a l stin e e .

Ch i b b e l u m . Chl b ’ b é l um A worthy M aso n

 P R ON OU N CI N G D I CTI ON A R Y . 2 07 1

WO R DS OF P R OPE R
N OT A TI O NB
'
DO U B TF U L P a ou u s cu r rou . m om c r a omm c u r r on .

Ch i s e l Ani nstru m nt used by m on or ca r e as

Ch i v a l r i c P e rt ining to ch i v lry
a
[pe nte r a . z

Ch och m ah H eb .
, l Vi sdom .

Ch r i s n a Th e H i ndoo God .

C h r y s ol i t e ston e i n th e br as tp l t
A e a e.

C l a n d e s ti n e I ll e ga l .

Cl e c h e * A cross ch rg d w i th noth e r c r oss a e a

Cl o t h e d I nv ste d wi th r a i m e nt e .

Coe u r d e Li on S urn a m e f R ich rd I of E ngl an d o a .

C oc h l e u s A wi n d ing st ircas e a .

Co e tu s Cé e —t ii s
’
A n ass e m bly
’

C c -e x i s t K o—eg z —is t Li v i ng a t th e s m e ti m e
’
a .

C ofii n K of i n Cas k e t for th e d e ad

’
N ot K a wf i n ’
. .

C og n i z a n t Kon i —zan t’
Wi th i n th e kno wl ed ge .

C oll a t i o n K ol —l sh un a
’
N ot Cc —l a shun Lu nch e on ’
. .

Co l l o ca t i o * Col l o—c a t i —
/
o Ob l —lo —
’
ca s h e o
’
.

Col m nn K ol u m’
. N ot K ol y oom A pi ll r ’
. a .

Co m m en t K o m m e nt ’
To e xpl a in to e xpo n d , u .

Co m m i s er a t e Kom m iz er —-
at Com p as sion for to pity
’
, .

C o m p a g n on Com —p an i on A F re nch te r m fo Fel low Craft

’
r .

Co m p o s i te K om —pos I t A n ord e r of A rch i tec ture

’
.

Co n c l a v e K on kl av e/
A n ass e m bl ag e of Te m pl rs a .

Co n d e m n e r Kon—d em n er N ot K on—
’
d em e On e wh o c nsu res ’
r . e .

Co n d o l e n c e K on—d o l enc e N ot K on d o—l e nce S y m p a thy

’ ’
-
. .

C on fi d a n t K on—f I—d nt N ot K ou fi —d a nt
a
’
A boso m fr i e nd ’
. .

Co n s i s t o r y K on—s is to—r y ’
An s em bl ge of br e thre n of th e R
as a .

Co n s u m m a t u m Cdn s u m —m a tu m I t i s fin i sh ed
’
[Secr e t
’
. .

Con s p i r a c y K on —s pl r ’a—s i A co m bin a tion for e v i l pur pose .

Con s ta n s Kon stan z ’

U n w v ring const nt a e , a .

Co n t e m p l a t i n g Con —tem —p l a —ting Looking a rou n d c a re fully on al l si d es

’
.

Co n v o ca ti on K on o h é sh un
’
v - A n as se m bl ag e of R oy l A rch M as o ns
’
a

Co r d e G l a d i o P ot e n s Kor d a g l a di o p o t en z P owe rf ul in h ea rt a nd wi th th e swo r d

' ’
- .

Cor d o n Ker don /

A r i bbon of honor .

C or i n th i a n K er —in th i —eu ’
A n o r d e r i n A rch it e ctur e .

Co r y b a n t e s Cor y —h an tes R i tes i n honor of A tys

’ ’
. .

Co s t u m e K os tum’
A m nn e r of dre ss a .

C o tty to* M yst r i es of R i tes of th e B one D ea . . . .

C ou s t os Cofis tos
'
J oh Cona tos u .

Co u v e r u r Cofi
’
v r i er . K fi ’ vr i r .

Cov e n a n t K uv n nt ’
e- a An r
ag ee m e nt a contrac t , .

Co w a n s K GW’ a n z P re te nde rs d ry di k e r i ntrud ers

, s, .

Cow l s K owls T h e hood of th e m ntl e a .

Cr a ta R e p oa * Cr a’ ta Re p é ’ fi . A n E gy pti a n rit e of se v e n d e gr ees .

Cr e d e n c e K r é ’ de n c e N ot K é d e n ce R e l ia nc e on e vid n ce
'

r . e

Cr e s s e t* Cr e
s se t
’
Sy m bol of Light an d T ruth op e n l m p , a

Cr e t e . K r é te A n is l and i n th e M ed it e rra n e n a .

Cr om l e c h Cr om l ec h A l rge s ton e re sting on two or m ore

'
a

Cr o s i e r * K r o’ z h er Th e st a ff of th e P r e l t e [st n es a . o

Cr oton a A city of G r ee k col onis ts i n I t ly a .

207 2 P R ON OU N CIN G D I CTI ON A R Y .

w rms o or m u n
3 01 1 7 1 0“
DOU BTFUL P a om m r ro l . ru s om c n orm u cu r ro u .

Cr yp ti c P e rta in in g to Ro y l n d Se l ect M a a a

C r ux A n s a ta T h e c oss w i th
r h ndl [o n r y a a e . s

C u m C i vi A r ise an d kn ee l .

Cu p o la N ot K u p lo A surm ounting do m e
’
a ~
. .

Cu r e t e s P ri es ts of nci e n t Cre t e a .

Cu s to s A r ca n i Th e g u r d i an of th e treas ury
a .

Cy n c c c p h a l u s Fig ur e of a m an w i th h ea d of do g a .

C y n os u r e Th e c e nt e r of a ttrac tion .

Cy r e n e . A nci n t c i ty of N ort h Af r i ca
e .

Cy r u s A k in g of P e ia rs .

D a b ir M ost s a cr ed .

D a c t y li * P r i es ts o f Cy be l e .

D a d u c h os A torch —b r r ea e .

A f m ous a rt i t an d m ec h nici an
a s a .

D a is A can opy .

D am b o ol
"
Ro ck t m pl of Budd h is ts of Ce ylon
e e .

D a o* F ro m D e r to h i n ea , s .

D ar ak i el *
By di rection of G od .

D a r i u s* . A k i ng of P e r i a s .

D a th a n A R e ub e ni te wh o r e vol t ed ga inst a

D az ar d M ich e l F ra n cois D rd az a .

D e cr e p i t . Dc h
cr ep i t
’'
W te d b y age
as .

B ei seil
" . D e—is ’ é i l South w rd fol lo w ing cou rse of th e s u n
a ,

D elalan de l n de De l a l a n d J o se ph J erom e F r n co is
’
’
D L
L l a— a - - . a

D e la u n a y Dé —l au n ay Fr n cois H S ta ni s l a us D e l un ay
’
a . a .

D e l i n e a te d De —l in e —i —ted ’
M rk e d d es crib ed
a , .

D e l ta . D é l ’ tii Fourth l ette r of G r ee k l ph be t a a .

D e m e te r .
De
L m e’te r G ree k n m e of Ce r es a .

D em i t De m i t ’
h R el e as e .

D en d er ah * . D en —d e’ rah A ruin d to wn of U pp e r E gyp t

e .

D e p th s . D e pths N ot D e ps nor De b ths P rofundity . .

D e r og a te D eH —
o—gi te D e grad e .

D e s a g ul i er s D e—
s e-g fi 'li é rs J ohn Th eoph i l us D gu l i e e sa rs .

D es i g n .
De —
ei n
’ A pre l i m in ry sk e tch a .

D e s s e r t" D e a- ze r t’ T h e l t cou r s e of a fe as t
as .

D e u c h a r Ch a r te r s D e fr —
c h li r
’
Ch ar te rs “f ork i ng war r n ts a .

D eu s M eu m q u e J u s Dé
’
us M é—ti m ’q u e J us God a n d m y r igh t .

D e v oi r De
'
voi r D e’ v oa .

D ew Du t osph e ric m ois tur e

A m .

Dl —
e s— A D rui dic t e r m
'
D ieseal e nl .

D i e u e t m on D r oi t D i e u er m en D ro it
. Di e d 1 m on dr oa .

D i eu l e V e n t D i e u l e V e tr t Di e u l é V e u —t
'

. .

D i ff e r e n t D i f’ fe r - e n t N ot D i f’ r e nt . D ist i nct , se p ra te
a .

D i on y s i a n D I'o—n y s ’ I an Ce l e br a tionsby wh ich th e y we re e a rs

nys us — G r ee k n a m e of B a cc hus [nu m b red

’ ’
D i on y s u s Di o . e

D i p l om a DI—plo m a ’
N ot Di —plo—m a A s l ed wr it i ng . ea .

D i s l od g e Dis —l od ge’ T o d ri v e fro m a p la c e of r es t .

D i s l oy a l Dis loy al - ’
F i thl
a ess .

D i s s ol v e D i z —zo l v ’ Se p r tion i nto co m pon ent p rts

a a a .

D i str i c t . Dis ’ tr ikt A p orti on of te rr i tory .

2 07 4 P R ON OU N CI N G D I CTI ON A R Y .

WOR N OF
N O TA TI O N B .

DOUB I FU L P B O N UN CLA TI O N
’ '
. M A SO NI C P R ON U N CI A TI ON .

E m p yr ea n E m —p l ’ r é ~
an Th e h igh est H ea v en .

E m u nah . E—m u n ah ’
F id e l i ty to on e s pro m ises ’
.
[sons
E n c y c li c a l En—c y’ cl l —ca l Cir cul r se nt to m any pl c
a , a es a n d
pe r
E n f a m i ll e En fa E n fi t—m e é l .

E n o ch ia n * E—n o’ chi —na E—n o’ kee —

a n , re l a ting to E noch .

E n S op h * En ’Sop h
E p h od E ph od
’
S a cre d v es tm ent of th e H i g h P ri est .

E on s ns
E ’o D i v i n e sp ir its i n i n t r m edi te sta te e a .

"
E c s tr e E—
o s tre
’
E as te r .

E ph e su s Ef’ é s us A n nci e nt city of A s ia

a .

E ph r a im E’ fr a —i m A tribe of I srae l .

E p i s tl e E—pis ’i A l e tte r m is siv e .

E p i tom e E—p i t ’ o—me A summ ar y .

Ep op t p pt
E’ o A n ey e w i tn es s
- .

E qu es g .
E ques
’
S i gni fy i n g knig h t .

E q u i ta s Ek ’
wl tas
-
'
E qui ty .

E r a n oi .
E /r a -
noI
/ F ri e n d ly soci e t i es a m ong th e G r ee ks .

E r i ca E —ri ’ ca A sa cr e d p la n t a m ong th e E gy pti a ns .

B r os c h .
A r os h ’
~
Th e Ce l es ti a l Ra v e n .

E rr an d Er’ r and A com m iss i on .

E r r a tu m Er —r a ’ tum A n e rror i n w r i tin g .

E sa r H ad d on E—sar H ad’don A k in g of A ss yri a .

E so ert ic Es A -o —ter ’ i c T h a t t a ugh t to a se l e ct fe w .

E s p er a n ce
*
Es p e—rfi n ce
’ Es p e—r anse
’
.

E sq u ir e . .
E s —kwi r ’ A n a r m or bea re r - .

E sr im .
Ez ’ r im Th e H e br e w n um be r t we nty .

E sse n e s Es sen—’
és E s se n —
’
é es A Je wis h s ect .

E s th e r F
s
‘
/
te r Wife of K i ng A h asu e rus .

E t h a ni m or T i s h r i *
Eth ’ a—n l m Th e se v e nth H e bre w m on th .

E u m ol p u s E u- m ol ’ p ti s A ki ng of E l e us i s .

E u n u ch E li /
o uch P roh ibite d candi d a tes .

E u r e k a. tl —r é f ka I h a v e found i t .

E u r o p ea n C—r o pe ’a n
- R e l a ti ng to E u Op e r .

E va t e s
*
E —v a’ tes Second d e g ree in th e D r uidica l system .

E v e il l e s , S e c te d e s * E—v é i l —l és , S ect —e d és E—vi —éa Bright e nl ig hte n ed

.
, .

E ver g e te n B un dd er" E’ ver— é ’

g ten B un d der
’
Se cr e t ord e r si m i l r to th e I ll m inati a u .

E v or a
*
E—vo—r a . K nigh ts of A m i l i ta ry or de r
. .

E xa l t E gz —aw lt To e l e v a te .

E gz —am i n
’
T O s crutini ze .

E gz —a m ’ pl To be i m i ta te d .

E x—
c ltl i —bli r
’ K ing A rthur s fa m ous swor d '
.

E ks—se l —l e nt A d m i r bl e
a .

E gz —
e k u—ti v
’
A n e x e cutor of th e l a ws .

E gz —
emt
’
N ot subj e ct .

E ga—is t’ T h e sta te of be ing .

E ga—
o r d i —u m
’
T h e introducti on .

Ex ’o—te r ’ i c P ublic not se cre t

, .
 P R ON OU N CI N G D I CTI ON A R Y .
2 07 5

w rm s o or P R OP E R

DOU B TF U L r s os u x cu n ox . I
M AS O N C r nou uu cu n on .

E k s’ p e r t An xpe ri e ce d pe rs on
e n .

E hs — i —r ix’s h u n A brea th i ng out

'

p .

B ks— e m ’ o—r e t p Wi thout pr ev i ous s tudy

'

E—z é ’ k i—e l A H eb e w proph e t

r .

E z él
’
D iv i sion s e p r a tion , a .

F a m i l i e n L og e n * . Fa—m il ’I—
e n Loge n A fam i ly l od ge priv a te , .

F a n or * Fan ’ or N m giv e n to th e Syri n M as on

a e a .

F a sc e s Fas ’ cés S p eec h es or r e cords don e up i n rol l a

F e a l ty Fé ’ a l —ty Loy a l ty .

Feb r uar y .
Feb ’ r oo- a—r i Second m onth i n th e Ca l e nd r a .

Fei x- F eax *
. Fe l x ’ Fe—Ax ’
-
S i gni fying Sc hool of T houg ht .

F en d e u r s Fé n —de fus Fan —d ur e .

F e r v e n cy Bi r n—c y
’
ve D e vot i on .

F e u il l a n ts* Fe u—i l —l ants Fe u —i i n —ts .

F ia t L ux Fé ’ a t Lu x Le t th e re b e l igh t .

F iat J u s ti ti a F é ’ at Ju s- ti —sh I—a Let j usti ce b e don e though th e

R uat C ael u m -
r u at sei ’ h
l fi m h e v e ns fa ll
a .

F i d e l i ty *
. Fi —d e l ’l —ti Fa i th fuln e ss .

F id es Fi / d és A R o m a n godd es s Fa ith . .

F i d u cia l Fi —d fi ’ci —al Con fi d i n g trust .

F ill et . . Fi l ’l e t H ea d b a nd
-
.

F i n a n ce Fl — n an ce ’ R e v e nu e of p r so n or a st a t e e .

F or e h e a d For ’ ed Th e fro t of th e skul l

n .

F or e st For / est N ot Fo ist rA l rge tr ac t of wood

’
. a .

F r a nkin cen se . F rank/ i n—

s é ns e An odorous r in e .

Fr i L tin for Broth e r

/
Fr a te r te r a .

F r e i m a u r er . F r e i —m a u ’ rer F r i —m o e u A bui ld e r of w l ls
’
r r . a .

F r er es P on ti v e s * F r er es P en—t i y es Fr ar es P en —ti v e s .

F r i e n d sh ip Fr e nd/s hi p P e rs on a ltt ach m e n t [an d corni ce

a . .

F r iez e F r eze . Th e e nta bl tur e be t wee n rchi tra v e

a , a

F y l f o t* Fym t A n nc i e nt sy m bol
a .

G a b a on Ga/ b a—
on A h i gh pl ace .

G a b or G a’ bor S trong .

G a b r i el . Ga ’ b r i —el A n a rch ange l .

G ae d i c k e . Gae d/ i c k e G ad i c k
/
J oh nn Chris t ia n
. a .

Galah ad Ga l a h ad A corruption of G i l ead .

G A O T U
. . . . . G A . . O T U
. . . G r e t A rchi te ct of th e U n i v er se
a .

Gar eb Ga’ r e b A H e bre w e ngr v e r a .

G ar i m ou t Gar ’ i —m out Corrupt i on of Gar i m on d or G ar i m u nd

Gar in u s Ga r i —nus A st nd rd be re r [tic e
’ ‘
a a -
a .

G a vel Gav ’ e l A working tool of an E n te r ed A p p en r

G eb al Gé ’bal A city of t n i c ia Bo rd e r h i l ly .
, .

G ed al iah G é —d a l / i ah So n of P as hur .

G em a r a G é—m a r a S ee Ta l m u d
’
.

G e n e r a l i s si m o G en é r —a l - i sh s i —m o Se cond office r i n com m a nd of K . T .

G e o m e tr y J e— ’
om é L
tr é A sci enc e of m a gn i tud es .

G et h s e m a n e Ge th- s em ’—a—né A ga rd e n n ea r J e rusa l em .

2 07 6 P R ON OU N CI N G D I CTI ON A R Y .

W O R DS OF P RO P B B
‘

r o
' '
N OTA I I ON S
s om c
.
'
DOUB T FU L P B O NUN CIA TI O N . u a s UN CIA TI O N .

G er sh on G ur ’
s h on of Le v i
A s on .

Gé ’ m u l [bo u m h A st e p of th e K d sh l dd e r
/
G li e m ou l . a a e a .

m ou l B i n ah Th eb oun ah " Gh e m ou l B l
’
n h Th é P rud e nce i n th e m ids t of v icis situd e
’
t a .

G ib ea h * Gi b / & a b t r l ly h e ight
Li e a , .

G ib l i m S ton esq u a r e r .

G i l e ad " .
GII’ e—ad Th e S yri an m ount a ins [l ed ge .

t
G n os i c s G n os ’ tics N es ti ks S up e rior or c e l esti l kno w
’
. a

G od G od [m ar N ot G wd a [Te m pl ris m
. a .

G o d f r e y de S t A l d e m . ar d e—
G od’ - fry — S an -a ld e On e of th e found rs of n i e n t K nights e a c

G oe th e G oe ’ th e J ohn l Vol fga ng v on Goe th e .

G oe t i a * G o e ti i Go— e sh u
’
- ’
.

G o l g o th a .
G ol /go th a -
N m e giv e n to Ca l v a ry by th e J e ws
a .

G om e l * .
Go’ m el R e wa rd .

G or m o g o n s Gor ’ m G—gon s A soci e ty O pposing F r ee m as on r y .

G om or ra h Gom —Or ’ r a N a m e of a H e br e w c i ty .

G o n f a l on
* Gen / fai —On’ E ccl esi as tica l b ann e r .

G or di an Gor ’ dJ —a n N ot G or d ’y a n .

G o r g e ou s “ Go r ’j us M ag n ific ent .

G oth i c .
Geth / i c A styl e of A rch ite ctu r e .

G r a v e l o t* .
Gr av ’ é l ot h
On e of th e thr ee r u fii a ns .

G u g om o s . .
G u/g6 m os ~
B ron von G ugom os
a .

G u ib s G ib z A r u fli an in th e S cottish R i te .

G u il l e m a i n G u i l l m am
’
G é y c m iz in
‘
L
s ’ h
. .

G u t tu r a l .
G ut’—tur —5 l . P e rta in ing to th e thro t a .

G y m n o s o p h i s ts * Gym —n os ’o—p h is ts S ign f

i y ing “
N a k e d sa ge s .

H ab ak k u k * H ab / a k—k nk Lov e s e m brac e A J e wish prophe t

’
. .

H ab in* . b n
H a ’i I n i ti a te of 4th d e gr ee M od F r e nch R , . .

H a b r a m ah
*
H ab r a—m ah
’
U se d only i n F r nc e [m ed a .

H a d ea se s H a—d é es ’- é s Tr aditions h a nd ed do wn by M oh a m
H a fe d h a* H af’ é d h s
t -
S ec ond of four gods of A ra b tr i b e of A ct
H ag gai Ha g ga—i /
A H e bre w p roph e t .

H ah H ah ’ H e br e w d e fin it e a rt i cl e th e .

H ai l Wh e nc e do you h a il 7
'

H ale H a e’ l To h id e .

H al l el u a h " j . H al —l c l u’y a h
P r is e y e J e hov a h
a .

H am al iel * H am —a’ l I- e l Th e nge l of V e nus

a .

H ap h tz i e l " . H ap h t’ z I—el H i f—z i—e l .

H a r n ou e s te r H am — c u es t— sr H am —wes t -
er .

H a r od im H r é —d i m
a
’
P rince s i n M as onry .

H ar u sp ices *
. H a r us pi ces
’ -
‘
’ I m p l y i ng a soothsa y er or a ruspice .

H au p -H ut e tt H aupt—H fi tte H o ut—h fi te .

H a u te s G r a d e s H aute s G r a d es H é —g r a—d .

H ea l H é zi l ’ To m a k e l ega l .

H ev ’ n Th e bod e of bl iss
a .

H e c a tom b fl ec ’ ft—tum A s a crifice of a hundred ox e n .

H ep ta g o n H é p ’ ta—g on A pl an e figure of s e v e n e qu l s idfi a .

H er m a im es H er —m ai m es A corruption of H e r m es .

"
H er m a nd ad* . H er m a n - d ad S p n ish Broth e rhood
a .

H er m es Th e G r ee k G od M e rc ur y , .
 2 07 8 P R ON OU N CIN G D I CTI ON A R Y .

W ORDS O F
DO UB I FU L P R O N U N CI A TI ON
’ ' '
. MA S ON I C P a om m cu r r xo n
P RO P E R
.
N OT A T ON I .

I sc h n g i *
Iech ’ u —gi On e of th e fi e m te rs of S olo m on v as .

I s h Ch o tz e b Is h —c h otzé b Li te r lly , h e we rs
a .

I sh m ael Is h —m a el ’
God is h ear i ng .

I sh S ab al . Is h —s a bal ’
M e n of bur d e n .

I s h S o di Is h —so’dl A se l e ct m as te r .

I s ia c T a b l e s* ls ’I ac Ta’ bl es -
A fl t r ec ta ngul
a bron z p l a te ar e .

I sl a m i s m Iz l am —Iz m
’
Th e M osl e m fa i th .

I s ol a te Iz o—l ate
’
P l ce by i ts e lf
a .

I s r a fe e l * Is ’ r li —fé é l Tru m p ting A ngel of R es u rr e ction

e .

I si s I—
s is S iste r of Osi r is B e n e fi ce n t G odd es s .

I th am ar Ith ’ a—m a r Y ounges t son of A ron [of E gyp t a . .

I—tr a’ ti cs A soci e ty of d e pts a .

Iz ’ads Th e t w n ty e i gh t cre t i ons of Or m d

e -
a u z

J aa b or ou H am m ain "
J & ab é —o ’
r u H am m a In - A w ord of c ov e red si gn i fic n ce a .

J a b e sh Ja b a h ’
s D r y plac e .

J a b e sch eh
*
J a—bés ’ch é h Th e dry so il .

J a b ul um " . Ja b u—l um ’
Corruption of J fi —hé—l um [te m pl e
’

J ac h i n ki n To e sta bl i sh A p i ll r i n S olo m on s
'
/ ’
J a . a

J ach i naj . J a k in —li bi Co rruption of S h k i n h

’
. e a .

J ac i n th . . A m in er a l g e m of v lu e a .

J acq u e s de M ol a y P as t G r nd M as t e r of th e Te m pl r
a a s .

J a f uh a r * Synony m for T hor .

Tr i l i t e r al n m e of G od a .

J amb l i ch u s Jam bl I—hu ’

c s A N e op l a ton i c ph i l osoph e r .

J am es d e M alay J m s dé M ol ay
a e Las t G r a nd M aste r of anci e n t K T . .

J ai n a* J a—I a ’
n A cr oss ad opt e d by th e J in as a .

J ar ed . . Ja d ’
re D esc e nd a n t of S e th Li v ed 96 2 y e rs . a .

J a sh e r
*
J a sh r ’
e U prigh t .

J a sp er Ja p '
er Fourth s ton e in th e br e tpl t e as a .

J e b u s i te s J h fi—i t s
e
’
s e N ti v e s of J e bus (a fte r w a rds J e rasa
a ,

J e h osh ap h at Jé h b h — tat s
’
a -
A v all e y E as t of J e rus l m [l e m ) a e . .

J e k sa n
*
. Jé k i ’
s n S on of A br h m an d K e tur h a a a .

J e r ob oa m J é b6 — m r -0~
’
a F i rs t k i n g of th e te n tri bes .

J e tz ir ah S ep h er * Jé t—l h S é p h z
’
ra
’
er A tra di tion a l doc um e nt .

J e va J ov a J ua J a v a J 6 ii J fi —
’
.
’
v . a A bbre v i tions an d corruptions of J e
a

J ez e e d s* J é é éd z
’
s J ah is honor [hova h
. .

J oa b e r t J6 —a b rt ’
e Th e ch i e f fa vorit e of S olom on .

J oa h J6 h '

a J h is broth er
a .

J ob e l * .
J6 bel ’
A n m e of G od
a .

J oc h e b e d “ J o— h bed c e
’
J o k e bed
- ’
J h is n on or
. a .

J od h e va u he Y od h a . v au he H e br e w l tt e r sp e ll ing J hov a h
e s e .

J oh a J6 h '
a J h is l i ving
a .

J o - h a -b e n * . Y 6 —h a ’ be n A m yst ic l w ord a .

J o k sh a n * J 6 1 shi n 1
/
Fo wl e r Sec ond son of A br h am
. a .

J J6 p p S eac o t city 3 7 m i l es fro m J e rus l m

’
op p a a as , a e

J or d a n JO d r
’
an A to rtuous ri ve r of P l est in e a .

J os e d e c h J 6 é—d k ’
s e J h is ri gh te ous F th e r of J es h ua
a . a .

J os h u a J h— os
’
u —a H ig h P r i e st wh o r e bui lt th e te m pl e .
 P R ON O UN CIN G D I CTI ON A R Y . 2 O7 f)

WO R DS
DOUB TFUL P R ON U N C A T O N
OF
I I .
P R OP E R
M A S ON I C P RO N UN CIA T ION
.

.
N O TA T O N S I
J na Co rrup te d form of T e tr ag r a m m a wn .

J u b al S hout , blo w of A d h . Son a .

J u b a l c ai n * Found e r of th e sci e nce of m usic .

J u De l a -O -m
*
A ss ass ins .

J u b a l a* F i rst u fli an
t .

J ll b a l o* Se cond r uffi n a .

J ub elu m* . T h i rd r afiia n .

K aab a Ka- a/ ba K a—ar’ ba r . H oly tem pl e of M e cca .

K ab b ala . Kab ba—l a ’ ’

A m ystica l ph i losophy of th e J e ws .

K a b b a l i s ti c * K b b l —i —tic
a
’
a s P e rt ai n i ng to th e m yst e ri es .

K a d e sh . Ka d ash ’
H oly . Sa m e as K ed es h .

K a d ir i K a’dI —r i A n A r abi a n se c re t soc i e ty .

K a m e—a’
A n A m ul e t .

K ar m a ti a n s
*
Kar m a’ti ans
-
A M oh a m m ed a n sec t .

K a si d ea n s K it ’sI—
d e’ans L t i ni ze d sp e l l ing of Ch as i di m
a .

K a th a r s i s K a- th ar’ sis Ce re m ony of pur i fica tion .

K h em * Khé m Th e E gypti a n d e i ty A m on , .

K h ep r a* K h é ’pr a A n E gypt i n d e i ty a .

K h e r -h e b * . K h er heb ’ M as te r of Ce r em oni es .

K h e s va n * K h es ’van Second m onth of J e wis h civi l y ear .

K h e t e m e l N a b ii m * K h é ’tem el N ab —
Ii m K é tem e l N a h b—
’
I im .

S ubj e ct to e x a m in a tio n
.

K h on * . K h on Th e d e ad .

K h otb a h * K hot bah ’ M oh m m e d a n Conf ession of Fa i th

a .

K h u r u m -A b b a * K h u—r um —A’ bba H i r m A bba

a .

Ki I n ol d R itu a l of A A S cottish R i te . . .

K i d r on . . Ki d ’ ron T urbid wate r A b m ok n e a r M ount of .

K i s l e v* Ki s l v ’
e Th e th i r d H ebr e w m onth [Ol i ves .

K n e w t -n e b -s * K n e wt’n eb—
s N fi te n ebs
’
.

K oh a t h Ko h ath
’
A sse m b l y A nces tor of M oses
. .

K oj i k i * K oj i ki
’ ’
Th e an ci en t re l ig ion of J a p an .

K on x O m p a x K en x Om ’p ax Defin i t i on un ce rt a in .

K or a h * Ka rah
f B al d n ess A S on of Es a u
. .

K or a n * .
Ko ran
’
Th e r ea d i n g Th e M osl e m B i bl e
. .

K r i s h na " K ri sh na ’
A Tr i m r ti i n H indu re l igious syste m
u

K ulm a* Kfi l m a ’
. H indus tan i Co nfe ss i on of Fai th .

K u m K i vi K um KI—vl A r ise ! an d kn ee l !
Th e cr ea t i v e fia t of G od .

Li ’
s —n ah Wor m wood .

La b a r u m La’ ba—r u m M onogr m of Christ

a .

La b or a r e e s t o r a r e LA’ -hé -r a’r é est To l a bor is to pray .

La c o r n e La—
c o rn e
’

La k a k D e r o r P e s s a h * La’ ki k D er/ or P és ’sah L ibe rty of p assage an d houg h t

t .

La l a n d e La’ l and e’ See D e la Land s . .

La m a i s m * . La’m a—is m R e l i gion of Ti bi t an d M ongol i a .

L a m m a S a b a c ta n i * Lam ’m a Sa’ bac —

ta’n! U sed i n F re nch R i te of A dopt i on .

La n tu r e l u s *
Lau ’
t i l —r é
'
’
l us I n stitut ed in 1 7 7 1 .

La p i c i d a La' p i — f
er an A ston e c utte r - .

La r u d a n A b b e A uthor of a li bell ous wor k .

208 0 P R ON OUN CIN G DI CTI ON A RY .

W O R DS
N OTA TI ONB .

D00BTF UL P R O NU N CI A TI ON MASONI C P B ON UN Q A TI ON
’
. .

La tom i a A ston e qua rr y .

La tr e s A brick .

La u s D e o God b e p ra ise d .

La u r e l A n e v e rgr ee n s h rub .

Le b a n on Th e forest m ounta i ns in S y r ia .

M ch a n g eu r
Le f r a n c A bitte r e n em y of F r ee m as onr y .

Le g a te A n e m b as sad or .

Le g e n d A f bl e
a .

Le h r l i n g G e r m n for E nte re d A ppr e nt i ce

a .

Le m a n c ea u La—m a n—
so
’
.

L e on t i ca * A nci e nt sa cri fices in honor of th e sun .

Le p a g e w a
p g e
’

Le u c h t Le fi ch t A M as on ic ch a rl ta n a .

Le v e l . Lé v ’e l A n i ns tru m e nt to find a hori z on ta l li n e

Le v i t i k on Lé—vit ’i —kon Th e spuri ous G osp e l of S t J o h n . .

Li b a n u s Li —b a’ n us Th e La tin for Le b a non .

Li b a t i o n Li —b a’shun A pouring out a l i q uor .

Li b er
*
Li ’ ber Th e Book .

Li b e r a s t Lib—
s r—tas ’ Libe rty .

Li b e r t i n e Li b ’ e r—tl n A dis solut e l i ce ntious p e rson , .

Li ch t *
LIc h t Ligh t .

Li c h t s e h e r " Li ch t’s é h é r h A m ystical s e ct of th e l 6 th ce ntu ry .

Li n e a r T r i a d Li n e—ar
’
h i ’ad
'
'
A figur e i n som e old fl oor cloths .

Li s t e n Lis ’ n To tt e nd an d h ea r
a .

'

Li v r e d ’
Ar c h i te c tu r e LI ’v r e d Ar ’chi
’ -
tur
tec- Li ’ vr d A r ’s h ch te k—tu—r
’
.

Li v r e d ’ o r Ll ’ v r e d or Lé ’ v r —
d Th e Book of G old
’ ’
or . .

Lo d g e A pl c e of sh e l te r
a .

Lo g o s Th e word .

L ok i *
Lo t o s Lo’ tus A n E gy ptia n a qua tic plant .

Lo u v e t ea u Lo u—v ih teau ’ Lou—v—to ’ .

Lo y a l Lo i —al De vote d , fa i th ful .

Lu b e c Lu’ b ek A town i n Ge rm ny a .

L u m i e r e La G r a n d e “ Lu’ ml er e La G rand e Th e G ran d Li gh t .

Lu x e t e n e b r i s L11 1 54 te n ’é—bri s Ligh t out of d rkn es s a .

Lu x F i a t e t Lu x F i t Lux Fi ’ a t é t Lfi x Fi t Let th e re be l ight an d th e r e was li gh t , .

Luz Li te r a lly be ndi ng , cur v e

, .

M a- a—
ch a M a ar/ k a
-
.

M ac b e n a c . M ac—b é h
n ac S ee M ac .

M ac ca b e e s M ac ’ ca—b ées A h e roic J wish f m ily

e a .

M a c c o n n i e r e R ou g e * M a—
con
’
n é- r ie R oug e Ma
l -
son n é — —r é R ug s .

M acc onni e k e Soc i e te i ten" M a— o n n — —c i ’ D utch M as on ic c l u ln

'

k S
’
’
c i e e G h
e te i te n . .

M acer io M a’ ce— ’
rl o Th is word is n ow obs ol e te .

M a cio . M a’cI—
o M a sh e o
’ -
.

M ac o n e tu s M a’cdn -é ’tus M a’—s on—

e—tus .

M a c on n e . M a’ gon —a s s on —
M a— e .

M a c r oc os m “ . M ac ’ r o—c mm or M a ’ cro—
c os m Cr ea tin g th e . n ivers e u .

M ac’ z o . A m as on , a constructor of walls .

2 08 2 P R ON OU N CIN G D I CTI ON A R Y .

W OR DS OF
DO UBTFU L P B O N UN CI A TI ON .
P RO P ER
M AS O NI C P R ON U N C A TI ON I .
N OTA T O N I .

M é z ’ fi —l a Th i r d princip l e of J ud a is m .

M i—
cr o—c osm S e e Al a n .

M i ’ nos Th e l wgiv e r of Cr e te
a .

M I z ’l —to A n e v e rgree n pl a nt .

M Ith ’r ii s Th e pr i ncip l D e i ty of th e P e rs i a ns
a .

M i ’ ter Th e c ov e rin g of a Bis hop s h ead ’

.

M l z ’ pé A ci ty i n G i l ea d .

M iz r ai m Mi zr ’
a im R i te of origin a ted at M il a n in 1 805
, .

M M o a bon M 6—
’
oa b on
*
ah b6n
- ’
.

M o l oc h * M el /0 k Th e D e i ty
of th e A mm on i tes .

M on t f a u c on ,P r i or of M ont tau— con P rior of On e of th e two tr ai tors

’ ’
.

M on u m ent M on fi —m e nt
’
A m em ori a l .

M op se s M op s es ’
A pre t nded n m e for M as onry e a .

M or i a h M G r i —a
-
Th e h i l l on wh ich th e Te m pl e w s a

ta l M or ta l S ubj e ct to d e th [built
’
M or a . .

M os a i c V a ri e ga t ed te ss e l l a t e d , .

o s l em M o Ie m M oh a m m e d a n
’
M z

s e—
.

M ot d é Se m es tr e M 6 d e— m e s t—
’
M ot d e S em e s tr e
’
r
’
.

M ur d e r— N ot M urd re r A ssass i n
M [ti te
’
u r d er er e r ’
. . s .

M y s ta g o g u e M ys ta—gogu e
’
On e wh o m a ke
’
s or conducts an i n i
M y s te s M ys tes ’
To shut th e e y e s .

M yt h ol ogy M I—tho l o— Ji Th e sc i ence of m yt hs

’
.

N a—a’ m ah Th e d augh te r of Lam e ch .

N a b aim N a’ ba—im See S chools o f the P r op hets .

N a d ab N a’d ab H igh -pri es t of th e P e rsi ans .

N ak ed N a’ ked U ncloth ed , d e fe nc el e ss .

N aph th al i One of J b s sons

aco
’
.

N ar b on n e . N ar —bonn e
N ay m u s Gr e en s N ay / m us G e’e ns r P oss ibl e corruption of M agma Greeci s .

N a z a r en e
*
N az ’
’

zt
— ren e n bi ta nt of N az re th
A n i ha a .

N eb u ch a d n e z z a r N eh—u k—ad ~ ’
n ez z a r A kin g of B by l on a .

N eb u z a r a d a n N é b—fi —z ar ’a—dan A n o ffi ce r un d e r N eb uc h ad n e ar zz .

N ecu m N é ’ k oom V engea nce .

N ec p r od i tu r ,n ec
p ro N ek p r o’dI -tor,n é k N ot th e tra i to r not th e trai tor l et , ,

d i tu r , i n n o c e n s f or a t d I-tor l n -n o senz fé -r at o
th e i nnoce nt bea r i t .

N e d er N a’d er . P ro m ise .

N e i th
*
N el th E gy pti a n syn ony m for G ree k A th en e .

N ek a m N é ’ kam S ign ify i ng v engea nce .

N ek a m a h N e’ ka—m ah S am e as N e k a m .

N e oc or u s
*
. N é ’o—
c o r us
’
Th e G u a rd i a n of th e Te m pl e .

N e plus u t
l ra N5 pl us fi l tr
.
’
a N oth in g be y ond .

N e va r i e tu r N a v a r l —e t ur
- ’
U nl ess ch nge d a .

N i c oti a t e s * N H o tl — t ee ’
a
’
N é— ’ ’
c o tl - ah tes .

N ih o n gi
*
N i —h on ’gl Ch ronicl es of N i hon .

N i l n i s i cl a vi s N I l—n i s i —c l av is N oth i n g but th e key is Wa nting .

N i sa n N i ’ sa n F i r st m onth of J e wish y ea r .

N o a c h i d ae N o- a ch ’ i —
d ze D es ce nd nts of N o a h
a .

N o fl o d e li N or/ {
H ey A n posta te Te m pl ar
a .
 P R ON OU N CI N G D I CTI ON A R Y . 2 08 3

WOR DS OF P R OP E R

DOU BT FU L P R O N U N C A T ON I I . I
M AS ON C P R ON U N CI A TI O N .
N OTA TI ON .

N ou a g o N 6 n ’ aj U nd e r
l a wf ul age .

N on e s y n c h e s N one- s yn-c h es A corruption of N oon s h un (lunch eon )

N on i s* . N 6 ’ nl s A m ystic word .

N o n n ob i s , D om ine, N (i n n o-bis ,D em -l né
-

n on n ob is sed n om i né n n ob is ,s é d 11 6 m N ot to us , O Lord ! not to us but to ,

ni tu o d a g l or i a m é tu—
—In— odi .
gl o Th y n a m e giv e th e glory .

r i —am

N or n ae N or S ignify in g P as t , P r ese nt Fu tur e

’
*
n ae an d .

N o tu m a N o- tum A na gra m of A u m ont .

N ov i c e M a c on n e N Ov i e s M a—
gon ’
ne N ovic e M a— so n né -
.

N ov i ti a t e N o—v is h ’ e—ate A p e rs on unde r prob t i on a .

N u k -p e -n uk *
. N uh ’ —
p n ii k
é
’
I a m th a t I a m ” .

N ya ya* N 5’ a’y a
~
A system of ancie nt H i ndu phi l osophy
N y c ta z on t e s * N 5"c’ ta—z on ’ tes A n a nci e nt s e ct .

Oa n n e s* .

O a th S ol e m nrm t i on
a ffi a .

O b l i g a t or y B i nd in g i n l a w or con sc ien ce .

Ob seq u i es Fun e r l r i tes or so l e m n i t i es

a .

O c c ul t Sec r e t , unkno wn .

Od iou s Des e rving h tr e d a .

A way from
‘
O tt N ot A wf . .

O ff e r N ot A w fe P r e se nt for cc e pta n ce
’
r . a .

O ffi c e N ot A w fis A s su m e d duti e s or b us i
’
. v

O fi i c i a te Of—fis h ’I - a t To ac t as a n o ffi c e r [nesa .

O f te n Of’ n N ot of te n F r eque nt
’
. .

Oh eb E l oa h O— h eb e— l o’a Love of God .

Oh eb K ar obo G- h é b kit Lov e of n e ighbor .

O l ib anu m Ol —I—ba’ n um A n rom t i c sa p f ra n ki nc e nse

a a , .

Om ega . O—m e’g a Las t l e tt e r o f G ree k al ph b e t a .

Om er O’ m er A H e brew m eas ur e .

Om n ia T em p u s A l i t (Sin ul
f -
a tem ’ us p a l i t Ti m e h ea l s a l l th i n gs
’
.

On On ’ A n m e for J eh ov h a m ong E gypt i ans

a a

O n e ch * O’n é ch A ft e r E noch or P h e n och (th e P h o nix ) e

O n yx O’n i x A ston e of th e bre astp l a te .

O p h i te s * O’ ph i tes Broth e rhood of th e Se rp ent .

Or al O’ ra l Ve rb l by word of m outh
a , .

0r d o ab Ch ao Or ’d o—ah—c ha o
’ Orde r out of ch os a .

Or i flam m e* O’r I—fla mm e A n c i e nt b a nn e r of th e Counts of V e z in

O r i on O—r i ’ un On e of th e conste ll a tion of st rs a .

m an Good n d e v il D a rkn ess a d l igh t

Or m u dz an d Ah r im an Or m udz an d Ah -
ri- a . n .

Ornan Or ’ n an 0 0 0 0 0 0
S trong
0
Whose th resh ing fl oor be
.

c am e D v i d s lta r a
’
a .

Ch i e f god of old E g ypti n m ythol ogy a .

Th e as s as s i n t th west g t e a e a .

P s e udonym of Ro sicruci a n M ich el

[M yen a

N u ts ac h O ne wh o i ns pe c ts
.
 2 08 4 P R ON OU N CIN G D I CTI ON A R Y .

WO R DS OF P R OP E R
“01 1
DO U B I FU L P R O N U N CI A TI O N
' '
. I
MA SO N C P R ON U N CIA TI ON .
7 1 0118 .

Oz ee O’ -
z ee A ccl am a tion .

O z ia h " O ’ z i ah -
A P r i nc e of J ud a h .

P a ch acam ac
*
. P ach ’ a— ’
c a m ac P e ruvi a n for Cr ea to r of th e U ni ve rse .

P agan is, H ugo d e g n s H ugo d e

P fi — a’ i , La tin i zdn e of H ugh d P y ene
am e e a .

P a l e s ti n e
*
P a l —e s t i n e ’
Co m m on ly ca ll ed T h H oly L nd , e a .

P l
a l a di u m P a l —l a di —u m ’
Th t wh ich i a n e ff ectu l d e fe ns e
a s a .

P a r a celc u s P fi — a— c el s us
r
’
D gr ee i n M SS coll e ctions of l
e re t .
’
eu v .

P ar en t P ar e n t/
On e wh o b e ge ts o ffspring .

P ar ian P a ri a n
’ ~
A fi n e qu a lity of m rbl e a .

A g r ou c h a da P a I k— cha l A n occu l t s c i en ti fi c work of Br h m a ns

* ’ ’ ’
P ar ik ch ai r A g ofi r a

P ar l ir er
*
P ar l Ir —
’
er [ch a d ri
/
S pok es m e n .

P a r s e e s* P ar ’s é z Fol lo w rs of Zo ro st e r
e a .

P as p d us
er . P as ’ p é r —
d us ’ F re nch n a m e fo roo m for V i s tors r i .

P a s t o p h or i P as ’—t6— p h 6 ’
rl Couch or shrin e b e r rs a e .

P t
a s os P as ’ tos G r ee k for couch .

P a te n t P a t’ e n t A l tt e r s e curing c e rt i n rights
e a .

P a x v ob is cu m
*
Pax ve —b es’ c um P c e b e with you
ea .

P e c t or a l P é k ’ to—r a l P e rt in ing to th e br eas t

a .

P ed al . P é ’—d al P ed es th e fe et
, .

P ed u m P e’ d um . Lite ra lly a sh e ph e rd s crook

,
’
.

P e e ta s h
*
Fe et/ as h Th e D e m on of C lu m ny a .

P el eg or P h a l e g P e’ l e g
or P a l e g ’
D ivis ion A son of E be r
. .

P en a n ce P e n nc e ’
a S uffe ri ng as e vid nc e of r e p enta n ce e .

P en ta c l e * . P en ’ tIL—kl Two i n te rse cting tri ngl es a .

P en ta t e u c h P é n ’ ta—tuk Th e fi ve books of M oses .

P er a m b u l a te P e r —fi m ’ b u —l ate T o w l k ov e r
a .

P e r icl y t e
’
fi P er ’ l w l yte
P er ig n an P é r ’ ig —n an
P er sia n . P er ’ sh n a A country i n l V ste r n A si a e .

P e s tl e P es ’ tl A n i nstru m n t fo poundi ng e r .

P h aal Ch ol F;1 ’ K Ol S e p r t ed dr i v e n a p rt
a a a

— ti n
, .

P h a i n o te l e ti a n S oc i e ty P h a i ’ n o—té l e ’ a Found e d t P a ris in 1 8 40a .

P h a r a xa l .
i
P li ’
r an—al D i vision a n d subsequ n t r e un ion e .

P h a r a oh Fa’ r ef -6 A king a sov e r e ign

, .

P h ar a o s c h ol Fa—r i —(Ss ’ k ol Congr e ga t e d , r e ass e m bl ed - .

P h il a l e th e s P h i ’ l a l é ’ th és -
L it r l ly , F ri ends of T ruth
e a .

P h il is ti n e FI l is ’ tl n
-
A n i nh abit an t of P h i l isti a.

P h il o c o r e i t e s ,O r d er of P h i ’ l o—co—r e ’i - tes E st a bl i sh e d in F r e nch m i n S p in ar v a

P l i y l a c t c r i e s tfl P h y—l a c ’ te i i es h
Orn m e nts
a .
[in 1 8 08 .

P i c a r t ’ s Ce r e m on i e s P i ’ ca rt By B e rn rd P ic rt a a .

P ila s te r P I—l as ’ t e r A p a rtly proj e cting colu m n .

P il ier Pi l ’i é r A p i ll r or support of an e dific e

a .

P i n c ea u Pi n c eau
’
P i n—ao To a c t as se cr tar y
.
[E t e . as

P ir l et Pl r ’ l e t Org n i z e r of Co un ci l of K n ights of th e
a

P i ta k a * PI t’ a- ka Th e Bibl e of Buddh is m .

P i tr i s* Pl t rl s S pi rits
’
.

P l a n c h e T r ac e e . P l a n ’ch e Tr a—
e ée D si gn tion for m inutes i n Fr en ch
e a

P leia d es P l ey ’ n—
d ez A g roup of s e v e n sta rs [Lo dges .

F ol k a l P b l ’ kal A l toge th e r s e p a rated .

2 08 6 P R ON OUN CIN G DI CTI ON A R Y .

WOR DS OF PR OP E R
N orr xn om .
DO U B I F U L P a orm rxcu n os in s om c P n or
m rxc mr xos
‘ '
. .

R e c o ve r y R e stor a tion .

m cfi tu d e 0 0 S tra ightn e ss , j ustic e.

I ns u bordi n a te .

R e h ob oa m . . So n a ndsu cc esso r of S o l o m on .

A P ers i n office r a .

Re n ’ d e- voo A n a ppoin ted pl ac e .

R eq u iem R e ’ k wI—e m A h y m n for th e d e ad .

R e s ea r c h R e—
se rch ’
I nv estiga tion e x m i n a tion , a .

R eSp l en d en s . Ré h
s pl e n
’
dan z R a p l en de n t .

R e s to r a v i t p a cem p R e— s tcr —
’
r av i t H e r estor ed pe ac e to h is countr y
’

a tr i p i s em
-
.

R ev er en t . R e v ’e r —
e nt [p atri E xpres sing v e n e r a tion .

R e v e s ti a r y
" . R e— s t I—a—ry
ve
’
l Var dr obe pl ce for sacred v m tm ents
, a

Rex r e g um d om i n u s R ex r egu m d om - I
d o m i n or u m n us d om i n or um
Ki ng o f Ki n g s and Lo rd of Lords .

R ob e l o t R o’ b é l Ot A d is ti ngu ish ed French M as on .

R os e C r oi x . R oe C s
roi x R o z— c wa r Li te r lly R ose Crow
. a , .

R o s e n l u e u z ,Ch r i s ti a n R o se n k r e z
’ -
u Se e R oe i cr uc zkm is m .

R i
os c r u c i a n s
*
R es ’—i -c r li ’
c i ans A Broth rhood of th e 1 4th ce ntury
e .

R o u te R o ot Th e co u rs e or way .

R R uc h ’ I—
el R oos h ’ e—el .

Sa’ ad h L ite ra lly hosts , .

S a b ’ a- is m Worsh i p of th e sun m oon an d s ta rs , .

Ser bs / 6 th J e hova h of H ost s.

Sab—b al ’ M ystic word Sc ottis h R i te , .

S a b i a n i sm Sab ’I -
a n—is m S am e as S ab a is m .

S acell um *
. Se —
cé l
’
l um A wall ed ncl osur e wi thout roof
e .

S a c e r d ota l . er—
Sas — d o’tal P e rta in i ng to th e ord r of pri es ts e .

sak ri —fl ’
z A n o ffe r i n g [cas to r of J m us
. .

S a ’ dok . H eb J ust, Fa th e r of A chi m nu

.
,

S a d oni a s . Sa —d é ’ m e as— S igni fi ca nt word i n th e h igh e r d eg rees .

Sag it a * t sa—gi t’ ta Th e k e yston e of an a rch .

S a i n t A dh a b e ll Sa in t A d ’ h a- b ell E vid e ntly m ea n i ng S t A m ph i bal us . .

S ai nt A m x i h i b a l us Sa int A m p hl —bal ’ ’
us

S a i n t N i ca i s e S ai n t N I—
c a is e Ti tl e of a se nsa tion al M as on i c work .

S a k i n a t* . Sa’ kI—n at . Th e D ivin e pres ence .

S ak’ tl Th e fe m a l e e n e rgy of S i v a .

Sa lah -e d am
'

. S i —l ah
'

cd -d ee n ’
K in g of K in gs .

Sal k St d/ Ix I n i ti a ls for m ing p ar t of a se nte n ce .

Sa l l e d es P as P er dus sane d o
s Pas P e r -d us
’ ’
T h e H a l l of th e Las t S te ps .

S a l s e tte S ‘
l -s ette ’ A » i sl a nd i n th e B ay of Bo m bay .

Sa—l ut’ To g ree t to h i l . a .

S a l u tc m S al —fi ’ tem H ea l h t R om n gree ting

. a a .

S a m a r i ta n . Sa —m ar ’I—tan Of th e pri ncip al city of th e Te n Tr i bes

S a m o th r a c i a n Sa—m O—th r i
’ —
cI a n S ee Jil l/sl a tes of 0117 131 3 .

S a n c t u m S a n c t or u m Sank’ tum Sank-to-r um H oly of H o l i es .

San Gr aal San G r ai l An r ld d ish

em e a .

S a n h e dr i m . S fi n - h e—dri m H i g h es t j d ic i l tribun l of t h e J e ws
u a a .

S a p i c ol e SQ’ p i —
c ol e Ci t ed i n th e no m n l tur ot F usti er e c a e .

Sa r a ce n s
. A ra bic fol lo we rs of M oh m m e d a .
 P R ON OUN CI N G D I CTI ON A R Y . 2 08 7

o
w rm s or P ROP ER
DOU B TFU L P R O NU N CIA T ON
'
I . I
MAS ON C P RO N UN C A TI O N
.

I .
N OTA T O NSI .

S a r di us . . Sii r ’de- u s A precious sto n e of th e b reas tpl ate .

S ar — ’
s é na P re te nde d e xposi ti on of F ree mas onr y
S at B ’h a i ‘ . Sat B hai ’
’
0 C Sot—b—h oi ’ .

Sat’ r a p or S a’—
t ra p A loca l E aste rnrul e r .

S c a r ab ae u s S knr ’a—
hé —
us A n ins ec t wi th w ings cased .

Si z m Di v i sion s e p ra tion
, a .

S c h i s m a ti c Sch l s - m at'Ic I nsubord in a te M ason s

Sc ho r —
.

S c h o r -La b a n ’ . Laba n ’ Wh i t e Ox or I nnocence

,

Se k’ re —
.

S e c r e ta r y ta- r l A s up e rint e nding o ffi ce r of re cords

S e nad S c h a m a g a n S é f i dd Sch a m ar— A s ec r e t M osl e m s oci e ty
’
ga n
h
.

A ra bic r eg is te r of a ll th e wic ked .

Sé ’ lii h A p a use or m us ical note .

S e l a m u A l e ik um Sé — A’l ex- kil m Se—

*
l a m ti’
l a m oo A l i —koo m
’
’ ’

Sé —
.

S em es r e t . .
m a ’tne Se m i annu al word us ed on l y i n Fr anc
-

Sé n’e —
s h al . A st e wa rd .

S e ni or i t y ” Seen —y oH i ty
- - Pr i or i ty , o r s up e ri ori ty i n r an k .

Sé p h ’i —roth Fr om S ap h ir i —s pl e ndid .

S er ap h i m * .
A n an gel of th e h igh es t o r der .

Se— ’
r ii e A r es t house .

S er ap is “ Se - r ii ’p is An E gy pt i an D e i ty .

S esh B a z z ar .
Ses h b aa-z ar ’ A n a m e of Ze rubba bel .

S é ’ th OS a 0 0 0 O A popul a r work publis h ed in 1 73 1

S h ad — d a- I On e of th e n am e s of G od .

S h a l a l S h a l om A b a " .
S h al ’al S h al ’om A b ’b a H e re s tor ed p eac e to h is fa th er .

S h a l a sh e sr i m " S h fil ' as h é z —r em Twe nty th i r d

-
.

S ham /I r Th e wor m us ed for buil ding th e temp

S h a s tr a s .
S h fis ’tr fis Th e s cr ed book of th e H i ndus
a .

S h a’v a A v al l ey i n P a l es tin e .

Sh eal ti e l o Q 0 O C 0 0
S h e—
al ’te -e l Fa th e r of Ze rubb be l wh o l ed bad a ,

th e J e ws fr om B abylon .

S h e—
bat . Fif th m onth of H e bre w c i v i l yea r .

S h ek’ i A Je wish coi n Va lue a bout 6 2 ce n t

.

S h e m ah S h e-ki -n ah To d well .

S h e l o m ot h S h e’ 17) —
m oth Peac e ful n ess .

S h el um l ecka " S h e—l ii m l ec k’a P as s wo r d of th e Or d e r of Fel c i ty

'

i .

S h e m H a m P h or a s h S h em h am fo r fis h ’
The u ns o l ved m y ste ry Th e n am e .

S h e m i ti c* S h em — i t ic ’
A histori cal re li g i ous d i vi s ion .

S h e sh a * S h e sh a
’
.
Free n obl e
, .

S h e t h a r b o z n ai . S h é—
th w b oz ’nar i See Tatm i A P e rs i a n offi ce r
. .

S h i b b ol e th St — bo’l e th A n ear of c orn S tr ea m of water

'

. . o o o o o . .

S h i m sh a i . . S h i ms—
s h ai

S h i ’ n ar Ba by l on i a i n i ts f ul l e st e xte nt .

Sh ou l k a in '
S h oul ’ kai n S tol k i n , m e nt i on ed i n A A S B . . . .

S h ri n A h al lowed pl ace .

Sh l fl b
'
o o o o o o o o o S h r ub N ot S ruh A d wa rf t ree
. .

S h u sh a n S h u’sh an [m ti ndI Th e a nci e nt ca p i ta l of P e rsia

S i c t r a n s i t g l or i a m u ndi Stk tr ans ’I t g l or’ ia T hus p as se s th e gl ory of th e wor id
Sl g’ e l Al . R ec ording A nge l i n Is l m a .

Sl m ’e —
on On e of th e tr i be s of I srae l .

Si m ’ o rgh G uar d i an of th e P ers i an m y ste r es i .

2 08 8 PR ON OUN CI N G D I CTI ON A R Y .

WO R N OP
DOUB TF UL P BO NU N CIA I I ON
’ '
. I
MA SO NI C P R O NU N CIA T ON .
N OTA TIONB.

A m oun tain of A ra b i a

S i gn i fi es shoe ha tc h e t
a - .

Th e n inth H e bre w m onth .

Sm a r a g di n e “ Found a tion of H e r m e tic knowl e d ge

S oci u s 6 th d eg of O rd e r of S trict Obs
. nw e r va .

S ofi s m A m ystica l r e l igious s ect of P e rs i a .

S oj o u r n . Sé ’j u r n Te m pora r y r es id e n ce .

S ol e m n Sol ’ e m R e v e re n t i a l d e vout , .

S ol o m on . Scl ’ o—mon K in g of I srae l .

S ol s ti c e . . sol ’at ie Th e a pp re nt sto pp a ge of th e sun

a .

So’- l us La ti n al on e
, .
[P ar is
S o r b on n e Sor/ bonn e Coll e ge of th eo l o gi ca l p r ofes ors in
S ou t h e r l y S uth ’e r -l e To wa rd th e South .

S p e s m ea in D ec e st S p es m e’ - a i n Deo’ e
s t M y hop e is i n God [l a n d .

S qu ar m cn * Sq uar ’m en Com p ni es of wrights si s te rs in Sc ot

a , ,

S r u’ tl R e v e l a t i on .

S t a u r os . . S tou ’ r us A st ke
a Cr om
.

S ti b i u m St / i —um A n ti m ony .

S t e i n m e tz Ge rm n for ston em as on
a .

S t J ea n d A
.
’
cr e . S han da ker
’ Th e ci ty A cca t a k e n by R ich a rd I , .

in 1 1 91 an d gi ve n th e n w n am e e .

i ns p e ctor of th e T r i be of B e nj am i n .

S tr e n g th . N ot S tre nth Force vi gor

. , .

S u c c oth H e b Booths A pl a c e e as t of J ord an

. .

t
S ul a n A T urk i sh sov e re i gn .

S u p e r fi ci e s Th e surfa ce th e f ce of a th i ng
, a .

S u m m on e d N ot S u m m a z d ’
Com m a nd edn . .

N ot Swo r d M i l i t a ry offi ce r s wea pon

’
. .

S y m b oli c Re l tin g to sy m bols

a .

S y n a g og u e P l ace of J ewi sh wo r sh i p .

S y n od A m ee ting, conv e nti on or counc il .

S y r ia H e b Ar m E ast of th e M edi te rr a
.
, a . r

A n a r ran gem e n t of colum ns [ n ea m .

T a b ao r‘ o o o o
Ta’b a-or A n a m e of E dom .

T a b e r n ac l e . A te m pora ry h a bi t a t i on .

T a b l ea u A vi v id r e pres enta ti on .

T a d m or Ci ty of P a l ms .

Ta l i s m a n M a gi ca l ch a r m .

T a lj t lr ‘ A n oblong sh a wl .

T a l i a h ad * A nge l of wa te r .

Ta l m u d Th e H e bre w l ws a n d tra di t i ons a .

Ta m uz " Th e t enth J e w ish m onth .

Ta p e s t r y Wov e n h a ngings .

T a r s na t h a . See Ti r h thas a .

T a ss e l A pe nd ant orn a m e n t .

A Pe rs i a n o ffi ce r .

Ta u The las t l e tt e r of H bre w l ph b t e a a e .

‘
2 090 P R ON OU N CIN G D I CTI ON AR Y .

W O R DS OP P RO P E R

DO U BT FU L P B O N U N CI A TI O N . I '

MA S O N C P R ON U N CI A TI ON .

A t e r m use d by th e D ruid s .

Son of Lam e ch nd Z i ll h a a .

Th e long und rga r m en t of th e cl e rgy e .

Co m m a nd e r of ca v a lry .

Tu —k oa—
r A ston e i n br e astpla te
z . .

A n ord e r of A r chit e ctur e .

Th e Eg ypti n e v il d ei ty a .

R e l t i ng to fi r e
a .

U n a ffi l i a t e d N ot a be r m em .

Unh el e
*
.
To uncov e r or re v ea l .

H m ony con cord

ar , .

N am e for ce rt ai n S ansk ri t works .

Fir e l igh t or sp i r i t
, .

H eb , E nl igh te n ed Son of H ut . .

God is li g ht .

Ligh ts .

Custo m us e, h a b i t
, .

I d ea l pe rfe cti on .

& ize a n d hold posses s i on .

V a g a o* . V a’ga- o Foun d i n F r e nch R i te of A dopti on .

V a l or o u s V al / or—
o us Bra v e cour ag eous
, .

V a se V az A n orn am en tal v es s el .

V a s h ti V ii s h ’ té Wi fe of A h as u er us .

V e ad a r * . V é ’a—
d ar Tha t is , th e se cond A d a r .

Ved as Vé ’ d as Sa cr ed ca non of th e H in doos .

V e h m -g e r i c h t V eh m ’ — eb
g l ch t ’
Se e S ec r e t T ibu na l of fl stp hal iar
'

e .

Ver g er . V é r ’j e r A n tt end an t u p on a digni tar y

a .

V e r i ta s V e H —i —tas T ruth
—i
.

V e s i c a P i sc e s V es ’ I—
ca P Is c s Th e a i r bl add e r of a fis h
-
.

V e sp a sia n V es—p a ’ —si a n

V e x i ll u m B e l l i V ex —il ’ l um Be l li A war flag .

Vi ceg er ent Vis ’ g éh r en t A n 0 ffi ce r a uthori z d to

e a ct for an oth er
V i e l l e -B r u V i ’ el l e B r u V —i e—l B r fi , R it e of,esta b l is h ed 1 7 48
V i n c e r e a u t M or i VI n ’ cé—r é ant M ori To conqu e r or to di e .

V in ey a rds V i n ’y fi r dz A pl a nt t i on of v i n es
a .

V i tr a * V i ’ tra A M oh a m m e d n s e ct es ta bli sh ed 1 7 40 a

V i v a v oc e V e’ v a v o sa’
By word of m outh .

V i va t VI ’ v at V i a t l v i at l v i vat l A cc l m t i on
v v a a .

V oi s h n u v n s* V 6 —i s h
’
n ii —v1‘i s
V ol u t e s . V 6 ’ l ut z A pi r l orn m ent in A rch it e ctu re
S a a .

V ou c h V ouch 0 0 0 0 0 To a tt es t or b ear w i tn ess .

R e pr es e n ts th e oppon ents of M onry as .

Com m iss ion , a u th o r i tv .

0 0 O O O N ot Wes t ’
u r d. Towar d th e Wa t .
 P R ON OU N CI N G D I CTI ON A R Y .

\VO R DS OF P R OP E R
D OUB TFU L P R ON U N CI A TI ON . MA S O N I C P R ON U N CI A T ON . I N OTA TI O NB .

A city of Ge rm a ny .

A city of Lo we r S a xony .

T i tl e of honor To adore .
.

E sti m a bl e possessin g m er i t
, .

X e r op h a g i s ts X é ’r o—p h a ’gl s ts . E a t e rs
of dr y food .

X i n xe Xi n ’x e Th e sea t of th e s oul
‘

X y s u th r u s * X s ’ fi —thr un
y Zi s ’ u—th r us .

Y ah , Y e va , Y od Y a, s a, Y od Corrupt n am es of th e Dei ty .

Y a k sh a * Y ak ' sh a H in doo D ei ty .

Y a ve r o n H a m a i m Y a’ v c h
ron H af - mai m Th e p as sa ge of th e r i ve r .

Y e z d e g e r d ia n * P e rta in in g to th e er a of Y ezd ege r d .

Y ez i d e e* A sect hor de i ng on th e E uphra tes

r .

Y g g d r as il * S acred tree,S ca ndin a v i n m y t hol ogy a ,

Y -na -h o S ign i fyi ng th e E te rn a l God .

Y od A H e br e w l e tt er .

Y on i A fem al e sy m bol of th e Or i e n tal ists .

Z ab u d Za- b ud A h is tor i cal p e rs on ag e at S ol om on s ’

Z ab
. u l on Za’ bu—l on Te nth son of J ac ob [court .

Z a d ok Z a' dz
sk R i ghteo us S on of A h i tub a p ri es t
.
,

Z a d k i -e l * Z ad’ kI —
el An g l of th e pl a n e t J up i te r
e .

Z ah er l a h e r b on Za—h eH - l a - h e b -b on ’
Zap h n a th -p a a n ea h
*
Ziph n ath —p aa
- ’
ne
’
ah Sa v i ou r
of th e worl d .

Z ar a th u s tr a Za r a—th us —tr a
’
N am e of Zoro as te r i n Ze nd l an gu age .

Z ar r i el * Zfi r ’ r I-e l Th e a nge l th a t g ove rns th e sun .

Z a r th an Zar ’ th an See Z er eda tha .

Z eb ed ee Zé b ’e —
dé an d Ze b—
e’de J h is gift H u b d of S l om
a . s an a e.

Z ed e k i a h Zed ’e -ki ’a J h i m igh t A f l s proph t

a s . a e e .

Z e n d -A v e s ta Zend A—v es ’ta P e rsi a n

B i bl e i n Ze nd l ngu ge a a .

Z en n a a r Zen / n am Sa cre d cord use d i n H in dus tan ee i ni

Z e r ai a s Z e r ai ’as [ti ati om
Z er b al Zer ’ b i l K i g S ol omon
n
’
s Cap t ai n of G u ards .

Z e r e d a th a Ze —
réd J
’
i f -th a S ee G a y Gr ound .

Z er u b b a b e l Zé—r ulr b a’bel

- A pr i nc e of th e H ouse of J uda h .

Z eu s " Zé ’ us Th e Chi e f D ei ty of th e G r ee ks .

Z icu* ZI ’c fi
B l oss om Th e se cond J ewis h m on th
. .

L ittl e bi rd Wi fe of M oses
. .

A m usic al i ns tru m e nt of 28 str in g s .

B a lustrad e .

A n i m ag i n a ry bel t i n th e h ea ve ns .

Dis t i nct i on nobil i ty

, .

N obi l ity .

Foun d e r of th e P ar see re l i gi on .

A n e m in ent G e rm a n M asonic uthor a .

I ndi a n trib e of N e w M e xi co .

M od er n P a rse e n am e for Zoroas te r .

Str ong A p r i m i ti ve race

. .