This chapter will teach you about 4 addition and subtraction of algebraic terms 4 the laws of indices ‘4 changing the subject of a form ‘the distributive law 4 the product of two binomial expressions, perfect squares, and the difference of two squares a Sega wang the eerie Taw, as the product of two binomial expressions, as a perfect square, and 4 factorizing a quadratic expression 4 addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of algebraic fractions 4 solving a quadratic equation by factorization, completing the square, and using the quadratic formula 4 solving a pair of simultaneous equations when one is linear and the other one is non-linear, x Addition and Subteaction of Algebraic Terms When adding and subtracting algebraic terms, we and evaluating a formula By — Sy + 2y = (8-5 + Dy Example 7 _ simply add and subtract their coefficients. Simplify each of the following algebraic Tus ortiz tex expressions: ay + by—cy (a) 3x + 2y + Sx Py ap — bp + ep (b) 8x — 3y + Ty ~ Sx aq — bg — eq = (a— b- cg. (c) 9x2 + Sy? — 3x2 — 2? + P+ y? Thus Sx+ 3x+4x=(5 +34 4)x = 12x. (d) 7x2 + 3y? — 4x? — Sy? — 8x? — 6? SP+4e—32=(644-3)2 Oo ae Solution Ay(a) Now 3x 2y + Sx + Ty = Art Se+2y+7y (grouping like terms) =G+Se+Q+ Ty (adding like terms) = 8x + oy (simplifying) 8 ~ 3y + Ty — Sx = 8x Sx+7y—3y (grouping like terms) = (8 —S)x+ (7 = 3)y (subtracting like terms) (simplifying) 9x2 + Sy? — 3x2 — 22 + ut + y2 = 94 + dx? — 3x2 + 5y2 + 2 — 92 (grouping like terms) =(9+4-32+(654+1-2)2 (adding like terms) = (13 = 3x2 + 6 = 22 (subtracting like terms) (simplifying) x2 + 3y? — dx? — 5y2 — gy2 — Gy? = Tx? — dxt — 832 + 3yt — 5y2 — G2 (grouping like terms) 828+ G-5- Hy (adding like terms) = (7 = 122 + B= 1D? (subtracting like terms) (simplifying) From the examples above, it can be seen that: (@ We add and subtract algebraic terms which are alike, that is, terms that are represented by the same base (or symbol) and power (or index OF exponent). (b) Now =3x+4y (©) Now = 10x? + 4y2 (@ Now ="d- = 5x2 - gy (Gi) In adding and subtracting algebraic terms which are alike, itis the value of the coefficient that changes, ii) In adding and subtracting algebraic terms which are alike, the power of the base does not change. Exercise 13a 1, Simplify each of the following algebraic expressions: (a) 3x + 2y + 4x + Sy (b) 9x — 3y + By — 6x (©) 3x8 ~ 42 — 732 + 292 @) 8 + 392 — 5x2 — 792 Alger 2 2. Simplify each of the follow i (a) Br + 3y 4 Se-4 95 SPE ios, (b) Tx ~ dy + 9y — 3, (©) 5x2 ~ 8) — 22 4 ay (@) 92 + 4y2— 52 — 392 3. Simplify: (a) 3x + ay + Sy + 64+ 2y (©) 5x 3y~ 2x + dy — 7, (©) 822 + 49? — 32 — 524 99 (9 92-5) + 42 ~ 524 39 4. Simplify each ofthe following: (a) 84 + By — 2x — dy — Gy (b) 9x — dy + 2x —3y—y (©) P32 — 4 + 5p Ty (@) —8? ~ 392 +292 4 732 ge 5. Simplify each of the following expressions (@) 8 + 3y + 1x 3x + ay — 5, (b) Tx 3y ~ 2x + dy - Gy 4 5 (©) 9x S924 3x8 + 22 gut yp (@) 7x2 = 3y? + 4xt — 52 + go — oy 6. Simplify: (@) 6x +.3y + Ax = Ty + 5x — ay (b) ~ Ix — 2y — dx + 3y ~ 8x + 5y (©) Sat +3)? — Sat + 292 + Ge — aye @) — 8x + 292 + 332 — 432 4 52 Ga F Lams of Fudices ‘The laws of indices are as follows: (a) am X an = qntn (b) am + an = gna © @ (©)Example 2 pa simplify each of the following algebraic expressions: (a) 3x5 X 2xty X 4x? (b) Sty * 24 at (c) (3x42? Y Solution — 3x5 X 2xty X dag? =BX2X 4st = 2Ax!993 Ww ee +2 Bx-sy = ety — Bxty = ay tn = ahs y =455 x (b) Now (as positive indices) Alternative Method (b) Now Bxrsy + Dxty"# _ 8x3y © 2x (as positive indices) (Now — Gxayaye ly d = 30 Pty? =3trly =9xhy ani volley ONow By xcadye a3 = Ee = From the examples above, it can be seen that: (2) (We multiply algebraic terms by adding the Powers with the same base. (ii) We multiply all the coefficients together. (©) @ We divide algebraic terms by subtract- ing the power of the denominator from the Power of the numerator with the same base. Or, we divide algebraic terms by subtracting the power of the numerator from the power Of the denominator with the same base, when this method would give us a positive index if needed. (ii) We divide the coefficient in the numerator by the coefficient in the denominator. (©) In raising a power to a power, we multiply €ach power in the brackets by the power to which itis being raised. Example 5 Evaluate: (@) 253 () 393 2 at &)ys 274 @ (3) | J Solution (a) Now () Now 323 (© Now 275 = Alternatively,Alternatively, Example 4 Solve each of the following equations: Qed (a) 7 (b) 7X 7x = 49x 7 (c) 5°? = 125 x 58 (@) Given 2 Then = 256 So Thus x — 1 = 8 (since the bases are the same) : 84+1=9 Hence x=9, Alternatively So ie, 21-2 = 26 ” 2-3 = 96 Thus x—3 = 6 (since the bases are the same) x=64+3=9 Hence x=9, BR ce buses (b) Given TX Pe = 49 x 7 ‘Then TX T= RK 16 So 26 = pe ‘Thus 14 2x = 2+ x(since the bases ‘re the same) ie. de x=2-4 : x=1 Hence x= 1. © Given 58-2 = 125 x 50 ‘Then 582 = 53 x Se So S32 = 534 Thus 3x 2=3 + x (since the bases are the same) So 3x-x=342 ie. mwx=5 x 2. Hence x= 24. 7 = Excer 1. Simplify each of the following algebraic expressions: (@) 48 x Sity X2y7 (by 9-H? = Buys © (Sxty2y. @ xiyxety 2, Simplify each of the following expressions: ) S38y X 399 X dty (0) BIE + ay? 12, gayt © x33) (@ x2y$ x xty5 3. Simplify: (@) Bx-8y Bxy-# x Dey? (©) 2489-4 + By 32 © (1x5 x y5)s 240 sa @ xy? xx4y3 4, Simplify each of the following algebraic expressions: (a) Tx-2y-3 X Day! X Bxtys (©) dety's = Bry © @xiby Dye fh ot @ x4y2xx ty5. Simplify each of the following expressions: (a) 2x89? X Say? X Axy-t () 9-5-9 = By? 3 1a. (©) Gxy3 24 z (@) x43 Xx 4y5 6. Simplify: (a) 3x X Sxy2X dx 15 (b) 925y73 + 3x-2y7 2 3, (©) (4x 5y5y$ 4 go} @ x Iys xx7ys 7. Evaluate: 2 2 3 (4)2 (a) 49? (b) 648 (©) 2572 dy (3) 8, Calculate the value of each expression: 3 eT ik 27° (@ 252 (&) 273" ©) 277 @) %) 9, Determine the value of each expression: 1 3 (@) 273 (b) 325 10, Evaluate: 3 iy 81. 1 © 492 @ ( 1 2 3 32.3 (@ 817 (b) 1253 © 323 @ (2%) . IL. Calculate the value of each expression: 4 3 3 a1y2 (a) 31255 (b) 1287 (©) 8174 @) (4) 12, Determine the value of each expression: 3 2 3 64.) (@) 362 (b) 2435 (c) 1002 (@) (739 13, Solve each of the following equations: @ 2 81 (b) 6 X 6 = 36 x & (© 41 = 64 xa 14, Solve each of the following equations: (b) 7X 73-2 = 343 x 7 (©) 5&3 = 125 x 5 15. Solve each of the following equations: shea @ 75 = 625 (b) 8 x Bt-3 = 512 x BF (©) 65 = 216 x 16. Solve each of the following equations: @ * = 128 () 5x SHH = 125 x 52 (©. = 343 x TI 17. Solve each of the following equations: (b) 9 X 9243 = 27 x 3-2 © 52 = 625 x 25-3 18. Solve each of the following equations: sit @ (b) 64 x B21 = 512 x 83 (©) #45 = 729 x 81-7 a of @ Formula A formula is a general equation showing the connec- tion between two or more related quantities. For example: (a) A = aris a formula for the area of a circle in terms of its radius 1. A is said to be the subject of the formula (b) P = 2(1 + b)is a formula for the perimeter ofa rectangle in terms of its length | and its breadth b. P'is said to be subject of the formula © T= anf is a formula for the period of a pendulum in terms of its length | and the accel- eration due to gravity g. Tis said to be the subject of the formula. “Changing the subject of the formula’ or ‘transpos- ing the formula’ refers to the process whereby the formula is rearranged so that another given symbol becomes the subject. In the transposition of formulae, all the rules are obeyed as in the solution of equations, However, we now have more than one symbol to deal with. It should be noted that when a symbol is the subject of a particular formula: () itis usually on the left-hand side (LLH.S.) of the formula vee Ace cam ilin the numerator (iii) its power is 1 (iv) its coefficient is 1. SYMBOLS CONNECTED BY A PLUS SIGN i i la, it When a symbol is added to one side of a formula, can be transferred to the other side of the formula by subtracting it from both sides of the formula. Alternatively, the symbol can be transferred to the other side of the formula by changing its original Positive sign to a negative sign. Example $ Transpose u+t foru. Solution Given veute Subtracting t from both sides of the formula, we get vrt=utiat ie. wep ly Rewriting the formula, we get uawot Hence w is now the subject of the formula, Alternative Method Given veute Transferring t to the LHS. of the formula, we get vot Rewriting the formula, we get waver Hence u is now the subject of the formula. SYMBOLS CONNECTED BY A MINUS SIGN When a symbol is subtracted from one side of a for- ‘mula, it can be transferred to the other side of the formula by adding it to both sides of the formula, Altematively, the symbol can be transferred to the other side of the formula by changing its original negative sign to a positive sign. Chop 3 Alea 2 vo Solution Given vua—t. ‘Adding tto both sides of the formula, we get vetsu-tte ie vtrsu Rewriting the formula, we get waver Hence u is now the subject of the formula, Alternative Method Given sunt Transferring ¢ to the L.HS. of the formula, visu Rewriting the formula, we get u=vtr Hence u is now the subject of the formula. we get SYMBOLS CONNECTED AS A PRODUCT When a symbol is connected to one side of a formula as a product, it can be transferred to the other side of the formula by dividing both sides of the formula by it. Alternatively, the symbol can be transferred to the other side of the formula by cross-multiplying Example Z Transpose mw for. | Y Solution Given ven Dividing both sides of the formula by w, we get mw w » w 5 v ie. 2 w Rewriting the formula, we get v Hence r is now the subject ofthe formula.Alternative Method Given var ‘Transferring w to the L.HLS. of the formula, we get y Rewriting the formula, we get v pow Hence r is now the subject of the formula, Example fs Transpose p= hpg for g. vo Solution Given p= hog Dividing both sides of the formula by hp, we get P= hea php Pea ie. Ens Rewriting the formula, we get ea Be 8 tp Hence g is now the subject of the formula. Alternative Method Given p= hog ‘Transferring hp to the L.H.S. of the equation, we get P= ip * Rewriting the formula, we get 2 ith Hence g is now the subject of the formula. SYMBOLS CONNECTED AS A QUOTIENT When a symbol is connected to one side of a for- ‘mula a the divisor in a quotient, it can be transferred to the other side of the formula by multiplying both sides of the formula by it. Alternatively, the symbol can be transferred to the other side of the formula by cross-multiplying. Example G — Transpose I ¥ for. , Wisoaie Solution Given -% ‘Multiplying both sides of the formula by R, we get v xR=Uxr IXR= 2 ice IR=V Rewriting the formula, we get VIR Hence Vis now the subject of the formula, Alternative Method i au Given -< ‘Transferring R to the L.H.S. of the equation, we get IR=V Rewriting the formula, we get V=IR Hence Vis now the subject of the formula: Example 10 Transpose ti oe forv. Solution Given tae ‘Multiplying both sides of the formula by 27rr, we get y ere PX 2nr= 5 x 2a ie. Qmrf =v Rewriting the formula, we get vs 2a Hence v is now the subject of the formula. Alternative Method y Given Ja Transferring 21r to the L-H.S. of the equation, we get Qmrf =v Methonsiss A Compe Course3 Rewriting the formula we get Give rem [E v= 2a0f 2 Hence v is now the subject of the formula. Squaring both sides, we get 2 FORMULAE REQUIRING THE REMOVAL OF Tia (2 fe ) ROOTS 8 7 mifigait When changing the subject of a formula requiring -€- T= 4m : the removal of a square root, it should be noted that ‘ squaring a square root removes the square root Transferring g and 72, we get sign. gx Ant T ins; (a -(af a Hence g is now the subject ofthe formula Similarly, when changing the subject of a formula Alternative Method requiring the removal of a cube root, it should be F 5 noted that cubing a cube root removes the cube root. Given TS anft sign. We first try to get the square root itse ms tal -(8 Ps pater ere Transferring 2, we get E-{é Example ae ve ‘Squaring both sides, we get Make T the subject of the formula V.= ( oT y 7 ( £ J 2m, ’ Y Solution ais m = S Given v= {5 ‘Transferring 72, 472 i 8, We get Squaring both sides, we get sea ge ( (r y Hence g is now the subject ofthe formula. m We ice ye Example 7.5 Transferring m to the L.H.S. of the equation, we get | mV? = Make V the subject of the formula r= (z= . Rewriting the formula, we get T= mv Solution Hence T is now the subject of the formula, Given r=3v an Cubing both sides, we get Make g the subject of the formula T = anf c ie. nod Solution * As me AlbeoCross-multiplying by 3 and 4, we get aur} _ av Rewriting the formula, we get 4 y= Anes v= dm Hence Vis now the subject of the formula. FORMULAE REQUIRING THE REMOVAL OF POWERS When changing the subject of a formula requir- ing the removal of a square, it should be noted that taking the square root of a square removes the square. Thus, i od Ax? = (x2)? 2x9 =x Similarly, when changing the subject of a formula requiring the removal of a cube, it should be noted that taking the cube root of a cube removes the cube. Thus, Loyd Ved = (x3)3 =x =x Example 7@ Transpose the formula V = wreh to make r the subject of the formula. Given = V= nr ‘Transferring mh, we get Yap mh” Taking square roots, we get Yar oh La ie. aga Rewriting the formula, we get =e "Vn Hence ris now the subject of the formula. Example 1S ee 2 Transpose the formula P= mg + "7 to make v the subject of the formula, Solution Given Pmt, Transferring mg to the L.H.S. of the formula, we get Cross-multiplying by m and r, we get WP —mg) _ Taking square roots, we get ie, Rewriting the formula, we get (ri = may a Hence v is now the subject of the formula. Alternative Method my Given Pamg+ Then P mg Multiplying each term by r, we get — mgr = (2 Pr~ mgr = (2 }r ie, Pr— mgr = my? ‘Transferring m, we get Pro mgr aya m Taking square roots, we get Pr=mer _ pg [Pr=mgr _ Mem Mutheatess A Compl CoieRewriting the formula, we get, Hence v is now the subject of the formula. Example 76 Transpose the formula V = Sar) to make r the subject ofthe formula. Solution Given v= dar Cross-multiplying by 4m and 3, we get Mop an” Taking cube roots, we get Be = Us an ie. qaer Rewriting the formula, we get av an Hence r is now the subject of the formula FORMULAE REQUIRING FACTORIZATION, ‘Sometimes it becomes necessary to factorize a set of terms before changing the subject of a formula. Make R the subject of the formula y= —38. TF pais Solution i el Given ve = ‘Transferring R — r, we get VR-—r)=3R fr& a | Using the distributive law, we get VR — Vr =3R Grouping the terms in R on the LLH.S, and tra ring the other term to the RLS. of the formula rl get ‘la we VR - 3R = Vr Factorizing the LHS., we get (V~3)R = Vr Transferring V — 3, we get = vr Rev Hence R is now the subject of the formula, Example _ Transpose the formula. P ~ me =mgto | ‘make m the subject of the formula. | Solution Given P- ng Grouping the terms in m on the RLS., we get P=mg+ me Factorizing the RHS., we get P= nf. et © a ‘Transferring g + *, we get ‘Adding the terms in the denominator, we get P grav r ie. Pres ert Rewriting the formula, we get Pr erty Hence m is now the subject of the formula. m=Alternative Method Given Multiplying each term by r, we get Pr- (=) , Pr = m2 = mgr mgr ie. Grouping the terms in m on the R.HLS., we get Pr= mgr + mye Factorizing the RH.S., we get Pr = m(gr + 2) ‘Transferring gr + v2, we get Pr grt Rewriting the formula, we get Pr grt Hence m is now the subject of the formula. Vestas. Solution —_ Given fe wm Ald W Squaring both sides, we ie. Cross-multiplying by d? and f — p, we get DUf— p) = af + p) Using the distributive law, we get DY - Dip = df + dp Grouping the terms in fon the L.#1.S. and transfer- ring the other term to the R.H.S., we get DY df = Dip + &p Factorizing both sides, we get (DP - Pf = (D2 + ap Transferring D? — d?, we get _ (+a) Sy Deca Hence fis now the subject of the formula. Evaluating a Formula Evaluate means ‘calculate the value of’. To evaluate 4 formula means to calculate the value of the symbol Which is the subject of the formula given the values of the other symbols in that particular formula. Example 0 ‘. (a) Make a the subject of the formula v =u + at. | (b) Given that u = 5, v = 18 and 1 = 2, evaluate a. Foc Solution (@) Given veutat Then v—u=at So ie. a Hence a is now the subject of the formula. (b) Given that u = 5,v = 18 and r= 2. Then @ -8 Hence ais 61 2 Example 2/7 - (a) Make a the subject of the formula xeutt Far. (b) Given that u = 0, x = 8 and 1 = 2, evaluate a. Solution viaenconivcees) A(@) Given wt dan ) Then ours Lae So 2 — ut) = af i, =e) 25 7B et Hence a is now the subject of the formula. (b) Given that u = 0, x = 8 and t= 2 Then au Uenu) _ 8-02) ae ah 28 saa =38 7 2 2 = 3. Hence a is 4. 4. 5. Example 22 6 z 1. (a) Make € the subject ofthe formula t= 2.) 8. - mies oe (6) Given that ¢ = 10nd 1= == 2, 9 evaluate €. 10. fs 1 Solution i 2. i =2n|é 2B. (@) Given t= 2a le +f 14. Thea af F Squaring both sides, we get (¢) -£ 16. Qn) ~ g So se 7, an ~¢ 5 — ee ie. i 25 18, Hence ¢ is now the subject of the formula. 19, Choplr 13 Alga 2 . Transpose R = Ry + Ry for . Transpose A = p + h for h. . Transpose cp Given that ¢ = 10 and ¢ == 22. = oh: Then t= = (2F ae 5 2 it =24 Hence ¢ is = 24 2 Exercise 13¢ . Transpose v = u + t fort. Transpose A = P + I for P. ‘Transpose p = H + h for H. |. Transpose fy = I + ma? for I. . Transpose J = I, + Mh? for I,. ‘Transpose I = I, + I, for ly. Transpose I = I, + I; for Is. Transpose = T+ A + R for A. Transpose , + a, +r, = 1 for n. +» + R for ¢,. . Transpose v = w + at for u. I. Make d the subject of the formula s = d — x. . Make w, the subject of the formula 2mf = wi = Ww. Make S, the subject of the formula e=S-5). Make /; the subject of the formula 1=1, — ma Make ¢, the subject of the formula R= o> en Make H the subject of the formula U=H-py.0. Make the subject of the formula f-@ = alt. 21. Make 7; the subject of the formula Te -t= 273. 22, Make v the subject of the formula at = y ~ u, Make R the subject of the formula 3 R- mg = ma. 24, Make A the subject of the formula paa-h Make p2 the subject of the formula 2y n-a= +26, Make pa the subject of the formula 2ycos a-ha 27, Transpose the formula C = RT to make R the subject of the formula. 28, Transpose the formula m = Vp to make p the subject of the formula. 29, Transpose the formula p = hpg to make the subject of the formula. 30, Transpose the formula F = EAat to make « the subject of the formula. 31. Transpose the formula pV = nT to make R the subject of the formula. 32. Transpose the formula C = 4rreqr to make &9 the subject of the formula. 33, Transpose the formula J = nAve to make m the subject of the formula. 34, Transpose the formula H = PRr to make f the subject of the formula. 35. Transpose the formula F = Bev to make B the subject of the formula. 36. Transpose the formula W = mgh to make h the subject of the formula. 37, Transpose the formula W = [Vt to make 1 the subject of the formula. 38. Transpose the formula W = (V ~ ay)p to make, the subject of the formula. 39, Transpose the formula IVt = (me + €)8 to make @ the subject of the formula. 40. Transpose the formula p = f for F. 4 41. Transpose the formula p= = for r 42. ‘Transpose the formula p = “form. 43, Transpose the formula k = > fory. 44, Transpose the formula W = ow for p. 45. Transpose the formula p= £ for F. 46, Transpose the formula T= 2% for w 47. Transpose the formula T= ae for A. 48, Transpose the formula 2 = 4egr for V. 49, Transpose the formula B= "2M! for Wo 50, Transpose the formula tan @ = —- for g. mg GM. fora, a S1. Transpose the formula vz = 52. Transpose the formula F = EA ie for €. 53, Transpose the formula p= 27°58 for. 78 Hi 54, Transpose the formula ZL = Wt“ Wi. POs 8 Hy (mz + w2)02 for 8. 55, Transpose the formula -$=32 = 2 fore. < 56. Transpose the formula PML = BAY? for 7;, T Tr 57. Transpose the formula W = $ratpg forg. 58, Transpose the formula 4p = 59, Transpose v = u + at for t 60, Transpose x= ut + ar? fora 61. Transpose v? = u? + 2ax for x. 62. Transpose R — mg = ma for a. 63. Transpose y= rr for ha Malhemalics: A Complle Course A= 4=K 64, Transpose -y = BM for vs 65. Transpose p= P + 2 forr. 66. Transpose @ = ka 2: Bee for 02. 67. Transpose n = 1+ * ow 68, Transpose = 5 — for, R+ a 69. Transpose I, = for E. 70. Transpose-“. = ¢+ M for H. M H ‘71. Transpose V = 2f(€; — O)for €. 72. Transpose nw + wy = + for r, r 73. Transpose £2 — € = alt for €): 74, Transpose ¢, 75. Transpose Az = A\(1 + B,)for B. 273 +¢ 76. T1 ranspose Vi = vo( 22324) for €(1 + at)for 1. 71. Transpose P= ale + #) for 78. Transpose Q = ms(t,— 1) for ty, 79. Transpose IVt = (me + C)8 for 8. 80. Transpose 2 = kS(0~ 6) for Op: Kh aA 81. Transpose 14 1 = 41 for to, To to 82. Transpose W = (V — ay)P for a. 83. Transpose y = Wer for b. 2ycos0 84, Transpose p: — pi = 85. Make W, the subject of the formula. w= WW. 86. Make p the subject of the formula. v= fe. ° 87. Make m the subject of the formula. ve fE. m A Clogs 13° Alera 2 for pi. 88. Make k the subject ofthe fommuly y 89. Make p the subject ofthe formats y 90. Make rthe subject ofthe formula fia 91. Make r the subject of the forma |2GM. Vr 92. Make e the subject ofthe formula ev. v m 93. Make E the subject of the formula -— ve {Z, 94. Make ¢ the ‘subject of the formula 7 = 95. Make m the subject of the formula van Pe mh 96. Make ¢ the subject ofthe formula iT, ven ore 97. Make g the subject ofthe formula 3s gsina’ 98. Make ¢ the subject of the formula sau fe 8 99. Make g the subject of the formula T= 20 |22. g 100. Make ¢ the subject of the formula roan. 8 101. Make g the subject of the formula r= 25h g 102. Make I the subject of the formula t= Tigh” 103. Make m the subject of the formula104, Make £ the subject of the formula 1 So an JLC 105. Make a the subject of the formula we Me fe, f° a Ve 106, Make sthe subject of the formula aon EMS, Para 107. Moke p the subject of the formula 109. Make E the subject of the formula aE roi 110, Transpose the formula P = PR to make / the subject. 111. Transpose the formula a subject. 112, Transpose the formula H = PRT to make / the subject. 113, ‘Transpose the formula E = mc? to make ¢ the subject. rw? to make w the 114, Transpose the formula a = “= to make y the subject. a 115, Transpose the formula F = os to make v the subject. 116, Transpose the formula E = + to make d the subject. 2 117. Transpose the formula P = “ to make V the subject. 2 118, Transpose the formula H = "2 to make V the subject. a 119. Transpose the formula M = 47 to make r the subject. 120, Transpose the formula W = zm to make the subject. 121. Transpose the formula F = Gam tomake r the subject. a 122, Transpose the formula tan 0 = am to make v the subject. 2 123, Transpose the formula F = ae to make T the subject. 124, Transpose the formula & = ea tomake r the subject. _ Snmate 125. Transpose the formulae = (py-gy, make a the subject. Ey 126. ‘Transpose the formula fy = 1 + ma? to make @ the subject. 127. Transpose the formula fg = I ~ Mh? to make the subject. +1 ig make 128. Transpose the formula € k the subject. 129. Transpose the formula n = ./n? — sin? i to make 7, the subject. 130, Transpose the formula Z = /X?2 + R? to make R the subject. 131. Transposethe formula Z= (Xz — Xe)? +R? to make R the subject. 132, Transpose the formula r= w,4/r? —y? to make y the subject. 133, ‘Transpose the formula P — mg =" make v the subject. -1 yh 134. Transpose the formula R= > m{g — ** ] to make v the subject. _ 1 Nme? 135. Transpose the formula p = 3 ~ g, to make € the subject. 4meR! 136. Transpose the formula g = “yp, to make R the subject: 137. Transpose the formula 7? = “we to make R the subject: 138. Transpose the formula £ = oT* to make T the subject.4 7 to make 7) By ag 39. Transpose the formula 3° = 7 the subject. “ 140. Transpose the formula Y = _ to make a the subject. 141. Given that V= Vand r. + express R in terms of 142. Given that. V= Vand r. express R in terms of 143. Given that ofg. + express fin terms 144. Given that x= 2= <, express y in terms of x. , =P 148. Given that 2 = . xpress p in terms off, dand D, j [2a ; 146. Given that R= |73_ express x in terms of yand R. NS 147. Given that p ofp. 1m? a XPress m in terms ae express ¢ in terms 148. Given that k= of k. 149. Given that k = [BE eaten of k. 150. Given that y= EM. expres vin termi of ©, y and V3, Fe cape Gn (82 = 8)” terms of ®,, 03, o and £. 151. Given that « 3 +m? : m+ €Xpress min terms 152. Given that P ofp. S+e 153. Given that k= ae’ &Xpress € in terms of k. 154, Given n = p + cr, make r the subject of the formula, 18S. Given s = mr(r + A), make h the subject of the formula, az Chopter 1 Alger 2 157. Given A = 2nR(R + of the formula, 158. Given Ww 2m) ef Make fhe subject Of the formula. 159. Given y2 = 204 - subject of the formula, 160. Given r= 25. 7D. make H the subjeg 2) sake a tne wma 8 the subject ofthe formula. i [Sav 161. Given a 2pg * MEE » the subject ofthe formula. ‘ng 5 162, Given y= “ma°od make a the subject ofthe formula. 1 163. Given y= 4. + make e the subject of the formula, " uv 164. Given 1= A make Rs the subject of the formula, 165. Given 2d sind = mA, make n the subject ot the formula, 166. Given v = a(Z — 6), make b the subject of the formula, 167. Given fm? = ev, make V the subject of the formula. 168. Given p = \/2eVm, , make m, the subject of the formula, 169. Given p= 207° make e the subject of ‘nme? the formula, 170. Given 1= 8, make R the sbjectot the formula, 171. Given 1 + i = Frvmake fhe subject of the formula. 172. Given + # i = 2. make rte subject of the formula.173. 174. 175. 176. 47. 178. 179. 130. 181. 182. 184, 185. 186, 187. 188. " j re L Given 2 = <> + Zpimake othe subject of the formula. Given tL oo r iven rr hk » make f; the subject of the formula. Given Vt the formula. Given fe = gh sin0, make v the subject of the formula. € + ht, make t the subject of Z = Given B= ae make 5, the subject of the formula, R Givenn =, make R the subject ofthe formula. Given F = de 2122 | make rthe subject of the formula. Given d= {a 7 +). make n the subject of the formula. 1 1 wen L =(n—1)4 + Given (a (2 subject of the formula, Make m the subject of the formula. Make p the subject of the formula. [l= 2p? Wf = 4 — 2 express Vin terms of Rand 7. ra ; iE = 2 - 3 express rin terms of Rand V. Given the formula 6rmva = Snap — ae. Make v the subject of the formula. Write a formula for the statement, a number ‘mis equal to half the sum of two numbers p and q. 197. If 1= 189, Write a formula for the statement, a number p is equal to three-quarters the difference of two numbers q and r, given that q is greater than r. 190, (a) A bag of coins contains p ten-cents coins and q twenty-five cents coins. The total value of the coins is $R. Determine a for- ‘mula for R in terms of p and g (b) Ifp = 5 and q = 10, find R. 191. A rectangle is 3€ metres long and ¢ metres wide. Write down a formula for: (a) P, where P metres is the perimeter of the rectangle. (b) A, where A metres squared is the area of the rectangle. 192. A rectangle is 5€ metres long and 2€ metres wide. Write down a formula for: (a) P, where P metres is the perimeter of the rectangle. (b) A, where A metres squared is the area of the rectangle. 193. A rectangle is 3y em long and 2x cm wide. (@) Write down a formula for the perimeter of the rectangle. (©) Find the perimeter of the rectangle when x= 4cmandy = Sem. 194. A rectangular box is 3 cm long, b cm wide and A cm high. (@) Write down a formala for V, the volume of the box in em’, (b) Determine the volume of a box measuring 30cm by 14 om by Sem. 195. A rectangle box is € m long, b m wide and Amhigh. (a) Write down a formula for V, the volume of the box in m’, (b) Calculate the volume of a box measuring 25 m by 16 mby 4m. 196, 1f 1= FRE evaluate Lwhen P = 200, R=8andT=3. evaluate J when P = 300, R=TadT=5. 198. If P = 2(€ + 6), evaluate P when € = 8 and =3. 199, If P= 2(€ + b), evaluate P when € = 9 and b=4. Mattes: ‘A Compe Gaur’ A200, Given P= "RT evaluate P when n = 3, R=15,T= 18and v=%, 201. Given that v= evaluate v when’ u=1Sandt=5, aoa, if x=, vate when W = 48, 7 V= 1S and g = 32. 2 203. If S = dn, evaluate d when $= 55,7 = “> andn = 0.7. 204, If K= oe evaluate W when V = 10, g = 32and K = 150. 205, Ifv = w + at, evaluate w when v= 103, Sand t= 9.5, =u + at, evaluate a when u = 3, and t = 4. 206. If v 207. Evaluate a from the formula P = Wa + b when P = 40, W = 4and 6 = 15, 208. If v2 =u? + 2as, evaluate a when u=2ands=7. 209. If P = 100r ~ 1, determine the value of ¢ when = 50and r = 0.25. 210. (a) Make R the subject of the formula ¢ aot: Pam gogpreR (b) Evaluate R when P = 30 and c = 450. 211. (a) Make r the subject of the formula Za hana (b) Evaluate r when x = 8 and z= 3. 212. Evaluate r from the formula: Am-nréswhen = i22,A = 440 and 6 = 10. 213. If a evaluate K when W = 128, V=20and g'='32. 214, (a) Make a the subject of the formula (b) Given that w = 3, x = 8 and ?'= 2, solve fora, 215. (a) Make a the subject of the formula vi=w+ Qax, (b) Given that w 0,v = 10 and.x = 25) solve for a. (Cheplae 13... Albee 2 216. If V = mrPh, evaluate h when V= 308, m= 2 and r = 7. 7 217, Given thatx = ut + 4. evaluate x when u=3,t=Sanda=4, 218. Given that v* = u? + 2ax, make a the subje of the formula. Hence evaluate a when y y= 4andx=9. a 219. Given that v = 2€b + 2€h + 2bh, evaluate y when € = 9,b = 5 and h = 3. 220. Given that v2 = u2 + 2ax, make x the subjec, of the formula, Hence, evaluate x when anda =7. u=2v= 221. Given that v2 = u*+ 2ax, evaluate y when u=5,a=3andx=4, 222. Given that V = 77/°h, make h the subject of the formula. Hence, evaluate h when y= 22 r= Tand V = 616. + at, calculate the 3 and t= 2, 223.’ Given the formula y value of v, when u = 7,a = 224, (a) Make r the subject of the formula Vemrh. (©) Given that V= 225." = 22 and h = 14, solve for r. 225, (a) Make r the subject of the formula = Far. (b) Calculate the value of r when V = 44, n= Tand n= 22, 226. (a) Make £ the subject of the formula, t= anfé 8 (b) Calculate € when 7 = 1214) 227. Transpose T= 2m, fE for g. Evaluate g when ¢ = 40 and T= 12.6. 228. Transpose T= 2 fE for €. Evaluate € when g = 10,T'=22and x=. 2, 229..(a) Given that = 2m, [f make ¢ the subject of the formula.