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Types of Notches, Rectangular and Triangular Notches, Rectangular Weirs

The document discusses different types of notches and weirs used for measuring liquid flow. It describes notches as openings in tanks or vessels where the liquid surface is below the top edge. Weirs are larger structures used to measure river or canal flow, and allow water to flow over their entire length. The sheet of water flowing through a notch or over a weir is called a nappe or vein. Rectangular, triangular, and trapezoidal are common shapes for notches and weirs. Weirs can allow free flow or drowned flow depending on the downstream water level. They can also have sharp or broad crests.

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sydney august
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1K views6 pages

Types of Notches, Rectangular and Triangular Notches, Rectangular Weirs

The document discusses different types of notches and weirs used for measuring liquid flow. It describes notches as openings in tanks or vessels where the liquid surface is below the top edge. Weirs are larger structures used to measure river or canal flow, and allow water to flow over their entire length. The sheet of water flowing through a notch or over a weir is called a nappe or vein. Rectangular, triangular, and trapezoidal are common shapes for notches and weirs. Weirs can allow free flow or drowned flow depending on the downstream water level. They can also have sharp or broad crests.

Uploaded by

sydney august
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TYPES OF NOTCHES, RECTANGULAR AND TRIANGULAR NOTCHES,

RECTANGULAR WEIRS

Flow Over Notches and Weirs:

A. Notch:

A notch may be defined as an obstruction over which the flow of liquid occurs. As the depth of
flow above the base of the notch is related to the discharge, the notch forms a useful measuring
device.

In case of measuring tank or reservoir, the opening is provided at the side of the tank such that
the liquid surface in the tank is below the top edge of the opening. In fact, this is a large opening
which has no upper edge, so that it has a variable area depending upon the level of the free
surface.

B. Weir

A weir is a notch on a large scale used for measuring the flow of a river, canal etc. It is a concrete
or masonry structure of substantial breadth built across the river in the direction of flow.

This allows the excess water to flow over its entire length to the downstream side. Thus, a weir is
similar to a small dam constructed across the river, with a difference that the excess water flows
downstream only through a small portion called spillway and in case of weir, the excess water
flows over its entire length.

C. Nappe and crest

The sheet of water flowing through a notch or over a weir is known as nappe or vein. The bottom
edge of the notch or the top of a weir over which water flows is known as sill or crest. The height
above the bottom of the tank or channel is known as crest height.

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Nappe and Crest

Difference between orifice and notch

Orifice Notch
An orifice may be defined as an opening A notch may be defined as an opening
provided in the side or bottom of tank or provided in the side of tank or vessel such that
vessel such that the liquid flows through the the liquid surface in tank is below the top edge
entire orifice. of opening.

Notch Weir
A notch may be defined as an opening A weir may be defined as any regular
provided in the side of tank or vessel such that obstruction in open stream over which the
the liquid surface in tank is below the top edge flow takes place.
of opening.

Small structure Large structure


Made of metallic plates Made of concrete/bricks.
Measure small flow rate. Measure large flow rate.

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TYPES OF NOTCHES

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Types of Weir;

1. Shape
• Rectangular
• Triangular
• Trapezoidal

Types of weir on basis of shape

Note: The discharge equation for rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal weir is same as of notch.

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2. Nature of discharge

• Free: Liquid level on the downstream side is lower than the crest.

Fig.: Free flowing weir

• Drowned: Liquid level submerges the crest

Fig.: Drowned weir

3. Width of crest

• Sharp: The crest is narrow

Fig.: Sharp crest weir

• Broad: The crest is broad

Fig.: Broad crest weir

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Questions and Explanations:

1. The discharge over a rectangular notch is? directly proportional to 𝐻3/2

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