တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်တန်းမြန်မာစာ အထူးထုတ်

*kPfxl;&rSwfydkYcscsufrsm; P1
wuúodkvf0ifwef; jrefrmo'´g
jref r mo'´ g qd k i f & m od r S w f z G , f & mrsm;
ar;cGe;f 1/(u) ( 5 rSww f ef) ( ig; ckay; wpfcak jz )
vrf;nTefcsu suf / / acgif;pOfi,f 5 ckuae 8 ckcefUay;xm;NyD; wpfcktaMumif;udk a&;cdik ;f wmyg/ rl&if;ta&;tom;rsm;? tkwcf uG pf m? pOfUuGi;f pm?
ausmufpm pwJh pmtrsK;d rsK;d taMumif;udk a&;cdik ;f &if jy|mef;pmtkyxf uJ azmfjycsuftwdik ;f usufrwS f ajzqdak y;&ygr,f/ 'ghtjyif tu©&m yHok P²mef
ajymif;vJyHkawGudk ar;&ifvJ xdkenf;wlygyJ/
Xmef u½dkPf; y,wf oifcef;pmawGxJuar;&if ajzcdkif;wJh taMumif;t&mESifh udkufnDatmif qufpyfajzqdkay;&rSmawG? om"ursm; xnfhoGif;ay;&rSmawG
pwmawGudk owdjyK rSwfom;wwfzdkUvdkygw,f/ Xmef u½dkPf; y,wf rSwfpkawGudk usufwJhtcg em;vnfoabmaygufrIrygbJ rusufoifhyg/ em;vnfatmif
oif,lNyD;rS usufrSwfoifhygw,f/
0gp*Fqdkif&m zGifhqdkcsufawGudk ajzqdkwJhtcgrSmvnf; oufqdkif&m trsKd;tpm; om"uawGudk tenf;qHk;wpfckpD azmfjyajzqdkay;&rSmyg/
yxrtpkjzpfwhJ jrefrmpm? jrefrmpum;qdkif&m odrSwfzG,f&mrsm;
mrsm;xJu jrefrmtu©&m qdwk hJ acgif;pOfatmufrmS avhvm&wJh
pmtrsKd;rsKd;taMumif; acgif;pOfawGudk usufrSwf&vG,fatmif tcsufawG cJGay;vdkufygw,f/
ajzwJch g ab;acgi;f pOfwyfNyD; pmyd'k yf pkH rH wS pf k a&;ay;yg/
jref r mtu© & m

rl&if;ta&;tom;rsm;
rl&if;ta&;tom;
ta&;tom;rsm;
§ jrefrmtu©&m ta&;tom;
ta&;tom;udk jrefrmouú&mZf 400 - ausmf (at'D - 11 &mpk) rS pí awGU½cSd &hJ onf/
§ xdtk csed rf pS í ,aeYtxd acwftqufquf toH;k jyKcahJ om jrefrmtu©&mwdo Yk nf ESpu
f mvMumvmonfEiS t hf rQ yHo k P²mef
tqifq h ifh ajymif;vJco hJ nf/
§ xdkodkYajymif;vJcJhyHkudk rl&if;ta&;tom;rsm;udk avhvmjcif;jzifh odEdkifonf/
§ rl&if;ta&;tom;qdo k nfrmS rlva&;om;cJo h nfh tcsed rf pS í ,aeYwikd f rlvtwdik ;f wnf½aSd eaom pmrsm;udq k v
kd okd nf/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh wpfqifh ul;a&;xm;jcif;r[kwo f nfh pmrsm;udk qdv k o
kd nf/
§ a½S;acwfr&l if;ta&;tom;rsm;udk a½S;a[mif; tkwcf u G pf m? pOfu h iG ;f pm? ausmufpm? rifpm? aypm? yk&ydu
k pf m? acgi;f avmif;pm
ponfwüYkd awGUEikd of nf/
twdkrSwf -( p ajymif; rlrl wnf tkwf pOfh ausmuf/ rif ay yk acgif; rl &if; a&muf )
tkwfcu
G pf mrsm;
§ yk*aH cwfu a½S;jrefrmwdo Yk nf ½TUHap;jym;
m;ay:wiG f Ak'¨½kyfyGm; yHak wmfrsm; yHEk ySd íf rD;zkwNf y;D tkwcf u G b
f &k m;rsm; jyKvyk yf al ZmfchJ
Muonf/
§ tkwcf u G bf &k m;rsm;\ atmufajcESihf ausmbufwiG f ukov kd ½f iS \
f qkawmif;pmrsm; ygwwfonf/ 4if;pmwdu Yk kd tkwcf u
G pf m[k
ac:onf/
§ ,if;pmrsm;onf tvGecf ikd v f akH om rl&if;ta&;tom;rsm; jzpfayonf/
§ yk*aH cwf taemf&xmrif;? apmvl;rif;ESihf usepf pfom;rif;wdYk vufxufwiG f tkwcf u G jf yKvyk jf cif; acwfpm;cJo h nf/
§ tkwcf u G jf yKvyk f ylaZmforl sm;wGif tqdyk grif;wdYk ud,
k w f ikd yf g0if cJMh uonf/
twdkrSwf -( ESdyf ausm ckdif xm udk,fwdkif yg / yk*H yk*H tkwfcGufpm )
q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

2Q wuúodkvf0ifwef;jrefrmpm
huiG f;pm
pOfuG
§ yk*aH cwfu bk&m;wnfaom ukov kd ½f iS tf csKUd onf rdrwd \ Ykd aumif;rI apwDyx k ;kd rsm;udk 550-Zmwfeyd gwf o½kyaf zmf ½kyfvHk;
½ky<f u tkwcf syrf sm;jzifh ywfywfvnf pDjc,fyal ZmfcMhJ uonf/
§ tuGufwpfuGufwGif ZmwfwpfZmwfusaomfvnf;aumif;? ZmwfwpfZmwfudk tuGufrsm;pGmjzifhaomfvnf;aumif;
½ky<f ujyKvyk Nf y;D oufqdkif&mZmwfedygwf\ trnfEiS hf trSwpf Of ZmwftñTe;f rsm; udk urÜn;f tu©&m a&;xd;k xm;onf/
§ þ½kyf<ursm;udk pOfhuGif;[kac:onf/ pOfhuGif;ü a&;xm;onfh pmudk pOfhuGif;pm [kac:onf/
§ pOfu Y iG ;f rsm;udk taemf&xmrif; (at'D 1044-1077) rSpí yk*rH if;rsm; jyKvyk f ylaZmfcMhJ uonf/
§ apwDyx k ;kd \ ukov
kd ½f iS Ef iS hf ordik ;f udok v d Qif xdak pwDü½do S nfh pOfu
h iG ;f pmrsm;\ ckEpS o f uú&mZfukd wGuq f Edik o
f nf/
twdrk w
S -f ( pOfY uGif; ig;&m ZmwfuGuf ac:ac: ? aemf yk yl aZmf ouú&mZf aqmfaqmf )
ausmufpm
§ ouú&mZf tcdik t f rmyg½aSd om awGU½&Sd orQ jrefrmausmufpmwdw Yk iG f jrefrm ouú&mZf 475-ckcefY (at'D-1113 cef)Y ü a&;xd;k cJo
h nfh
&mZukrm&fausmufpmonf tapmqH;k yifjzpfonf/
§ xdaYk emufwiG rf l yk*aH cwfwpfacwfv;kH omru yif;,? tif;0? awmifi?l anmif&rf;? uke;f abmifacwfxad tmif ausmif;uef
bk&m; 'g,um? ukov kd ½f iS f tcsKUd onf rdrwd aYkd umif;rIuo
k v
kd Ef iS hf pyfvsO;f í armfueG ;f ausmufpmrsm; a&;xd;k xm;cJMh uonf/
§ acwftqufqufa&;xd;k xm;cJo h nfh ausmufxiG ;f tu©&mrsm;udk EdiI ;f ,SOaf vhvmjcif;jzifh acwftoD;oD;ü a&;om;cJMh uonfh
tu©&myHyHkoP²mefwu Ykd kd odEikd of nf/
twdrk wS -f ( &mZ ukrm&f ../ xdkYaemuf ? ausmif;uef 'g,um .. armf ausmuf / EdIif;,SOfavhvm ausmufausmuf/ )
rSw&f ef/ / acwfawGukd yif;? tif;? awmif? anmif? ukef;abmifvUkd rSwyf g? tpOftwdik ;f rSw&f a&;&&ygr,f/
rifpm
§ a½S;*lb&k m;rsm;wG wG i f twGi;f buf tkwef &H rH sm;ü rifjzifh a&;om;xm;aompmrsm; ½dw S wfonf/
§ Ak'¨0if? Zmwfedygwf? yef;csDo½kyfazmfyrkH sm;ESiq hf ikd of nfh pmwef;rsm;? rlv ukodkvf½Sif\ qkawmif;pmrsm;? aemufxyfjyKjyif
rGr;f rHow l \Ykd jznfph u G f rSww f rf;rsm;? xdak cwfu arG;zGm;olw\ Ykd ZmwmcGirf sm; ponfukd rifjzifha&;cJMh uojzifh xdpk mwdu Yk kd
rifpm [kac:onf/
§ yk*NH rKd U avmuxdyyf ef*b l &k m;rS ZmwfBu;D q,fzUGJ rifpmrsm;rSm xif½mS ;ausmf Mum;onf/
§ ouú&mZftcdik t f rmygaom rifpmrsm;½do S uJo h Ykd ouú&mZfrygaom rifpmrsm; vnf;½dSonf/ yif;,? tif;0? awmifi?l
anmif&rf;? uke;f abmifacwfwikd af tmif rifpmrsm;udak wGU&onf/
§ ausmufpmrsm;enf;wl xdrk ifpmwdrYk v S nf; acwftqufquf tu©&myHyHkoP²mef wdu Yk akd vhvmEdik o
f nf/
twdrk w
S -f ( wGif; rif avm yg yif; c&m / azmf qk jznfh Zm a&; rifpm )
aypm ? yk&yduk pf m
§ ay? yk&ydu k w f u ud&,
Ykd kd pma&;ud d mtjzpf yk*aH cwfuyif pwif toH;k jyKcMhJ urnf[k ,HMk unf&onf/
§ odaYk omf ESpu f mv tvGeMf umanmif;NyjD zpfí xdak cwfu ay? yk&ydu k w
f uYkd kd awGUEikd &f ef rvG,u f al wmhacs/
§ tapmqH;k taeESihf jrefrmouú&mZf 1000 cefY (at'D 17-&mpk) u a&;cJo h nfh ayrsm;udrk l awGUEikd af yao;onf/
§ xdkYaMumifh ouú&mZf 1000-rS ,aeY 1300-ausmftxd ? ESpfaygif; 300 -ausmftwGif; a&;om;cJo h nfh tu©&mwd\Yk
yHkoP²mefudk xdak y? yk&ydu k f rsm;wGivf nf; awGUEikd o f nf/
rSw&f ef/ / atmufrsOf; om;xm;wJh pmvH;k awGukd *½kjyKrwS of m;yg/

acgi;f avmif;pm
§ acw
acwftqufquf apwDyx
k ;kd rsm;wGif oGe;f vkyv
f LS 'ge;f cJah om owåK acgi;f avmif;rsm;ü ukov
kd ½f iS \
f urÜn;f rSww
f rf;yg½Sd
wwfonf/ ,if;pmrsm;onfvnf; rlvta&;tom;rsm;jzpfí tu©&myHak vhvm&mü toH;k 0ifonf/
yHkEdSyfpm
§ y xr jrefrmyHEk ydS fpmtkyfukd ouú&mZf 1138-ck (at'D - 1776) wGif a&mr NrKd Uü yHEk ySd cf o hJ nf/
f yk if ef;pwifNyD;
§ atmufjrefrmEdik if H &efuek Nf rKd UwiG f ouú&mZf 1179 ck (at'D - 1817) ü yHEk ySd v
§ txufjrefrmEdik if H rEÅav; &wemyHNk rKd UawmfwiG v f nf; ouú&mZf 1226-ck (at'D 1864) ü pmyHkEdSyfvyk if ef; ay:ayguv
f mum
yHEk ySd pf mrsm; xGe;f um;vmonf/
ckEpS f yHak orSwef nf;/ /pmyd'k ½f YJ yxrqH;k jrefrm?c&pf ESprf sK;d vH;k &JU ckEpS uf kd rSw/f usefEpS Mf udraf omckEpS rf sm; &zdYk twGuf twGuf 41 wpfcg? 47 wpfcg
toD;oD; aESmoGm;/
taotcsmvkyfyg
'DrpS pf ak wGukd ud,k hf pum;eJY jyifra&;oifhyg/ teuf wdr;f wwfygw,f/ rvGaJ tmifjyefa&;Edik &f if 5 rSwtf jynfh&ygw,f/ csa&;? jyefwukd pf pf?
jyefaET;ay; vkyf&ygw,f/
tu©&mrsm;\ a,bk , syH k o P² m ef
odxm;zdkY/ / &mZukrm&fausmufpmuae ESpuf mv 900 cefYtwGi;f rSm jrefrmtu©&mawG[m yHok P²mefajymif;vJr½I cSd hJ w,f/ a,bk,stm;jzifh av;axmifh
qefaom tu©&myHok P²mefawGukd oH;k &muae tu©&myHok P²mef t0dik ;f awGukd oH;k vmw,fvYkd awGU&w,f/ tu©&myHok P²mefawGeYJ ywfoufvYkd
avhvm&r,fh rSwpf k 16 ckukd azmfjyvduk yf gw,f/
c&maxmifh
§ c&maxmifo h nf av;axmifq h efaom tu©&mjzpfonf/
§ jrefrmouú&mZf 450-500 cefY (at'D 1090-1140 cefY) rSpí av;axmifh qefaom tu©&mwdkYudk oHk;pGJcJhMuonf/
§ av;axmift h u©&m c&maxmifu h kd ausmufpmrsm;? rifpmrsm;wGif tajrmuftj rm; awGU&onf/
§ ay½Guaf y:wiG f rif? pkww f w
H jYkd zifh a&;onfh aypmrsm;wGiv f nf; c&maxmifu
h ykd if oH;k pGcJ MhJ u[ef wlonf/
§ c&maxmifo h nf vSyaooyfovd½k o Sd nf/ odaYk omfvufawGU a&;om;&mürl raxmifh axmifah tmif tm;xkw&f onf/
xdt Yk wGuf tcsed , f &l onf/ cyfou G of u G af &;vQif axmifrh usawmh acs/ þodjYkzifh axmifrh usaom? cyf0ef;0ef; oP²mef½aSd om
tu©&mwdu Yk v kd nf; oH;k vmonf/
§ ouú&mZf 800-rS 1000-twGi;f tu©&mtaxmifah &m t0ef;yg oH;k Muonf/
c&m0ef;
§ axmifrh usaom cyf0ef;0ef;oP² m ef½aSd om tu©&mwdu Yk kd c&maxmifEh iS hf ,SOw
f v
JG suf oH;k pGcJ MhJ uonf/
§ ouú&mZf 811-cku tu©&mt0dik ;f jzifh a&;om;cJo h nfh rifpm tcsKUd ukd yk*H rif;eefo½l Sd bk&m;oH;k qlwiG f awGUEikd o
f nf/
§ þumvü tu©&mt0dik ;f ]]c&m0ef;}}ESihf av;axmift h u©&m]]c&maxmif}h } [lí ESprf sK;d ½daS eonfukd awGU&ygonf/ ay½Guf
xef;½Guaf y:wiG f pkwjf zifah &;onft
h cg axmifah omtu©&mudk tqifajyatmif a&;Edik af omfvnf; unpfjzifh a&;onft h cg
axmifah omtu©&mudk qG&J ef tqifrajyvSacs/
§þodkYjzifh jrefrmouú&mZf 450-500 cefYrS 1000 cefYtxd tu©&mtaxmifh oHk;onfudkawGU&NyD;? jrefrmouú&mZf 800
rSpí tu©&mt0ef; oH;k onfukd awGU&onf/
§ouú&mZf 800 rS 1000 twGif;ürl tu©&mtaxmifha&m t0ef;yg oHk;Muonf[k qdkEdkifonf/

oP²mefajymif;tu©&mrsm;
jrefrmAsn;f o& tu©&mwdw
Yk iG f rodromajymif;vJaom tu©&mrsm;ESihf odoo
d momajymif;vJaom tu©&mrsm;[k ESprf sK;d ESppf m;
awGU&onf/ rodrom ajymif;aom tu©&mwdkY\ a½S;oP²mefukd jrifvQif rSwfrdEdkifonf/ om"utm; jzifh]] }}udk jrifvQif
u [k odEdkifonf/ ododomomajymif;vJ aom tu©&mwdkYrS q? Z? n? '? e? b? &? o? t? £? þ? OD? { wdkYjzpfMuonf/
twdkrSwf/ / aqG Zif nD 'dUk ? e ab; a&muf ao; ? t £ þ OD
qvdraf jymif;vJykH
qvdro f nf rlvu tBu;D tao; rnDaomuGi;f vdrf ] }oP²mef½f o
Sd nf/ xdaYk emufrS a½SUyikd ;f onf ]c} oP²mef ajymif;vmNy;D
,aeYyokH Ykd a&mufvmonf/
ZuGJajymif;vJyHk
ZuGoJ nf rlvu ] i } \ rsuEf mS 0 tv,fwiG v
f Qmwdk uav;ygonf/ ,if;urS vQmwdu
k av;onf txufyikd ;f ESiq
hf ufrNd y;D
wpfp wpfp ½SnfxGufvmonf/ xdkYaemufjyefwdkoGm;um ,aeYyHkjzpfvmonf/
najymif;vJyHk
nonf rlvu ,aeY ]o} ESiq hf ifwo
l nf/ OD;acgi;f ü twGeyYf gwwfonf/ b,fbufatmufwiG f tañSmufwu
kd av;½do
S nf/
xdt
k añSmufwo kd nf ½Snx
f u
G v
f mNy;D ,aeYyrkH sK;d jzpfvmonf/
'axG;ajymif;vJykH
'axG;udk a½S;tkwfcGufpm? pOfhuGif;pmrsm;ü] }oP²meffjzifh awGU&onf/ ausmufpmrsm;wGifrl ] }oP²mefoHk;rsKd;
jzifah wGU&onf/ ausmufpmwpfcsyw f nf;rSmyif oP²mef oH;k rsK;d vH;k awGUonft
Y cg awGU&onf/ aemif c&m0ef; wnfwv
hH monft
h cg
] ' } yHk wnfwHhvmcJhonf/
ei,fajymif;vJykH
ei,fonf rlvu tNr;D wdo k nf/ acgi;f a&m tNr;D yg rxif½mS ;vSaom yHrk sK;d vnf;½do
S nf/ aemifaomf acgi;f xif½mS ;vmNy;D tNr;D
½Snx
f u
G uf m ,aeYyjkH zpfvmonf/
b ukef;ajymif;vJyHk
buke;f onf av;axmif*h i,f\ b,fbufxyd üf tpGe;f i,fygonfh oP²mef½o
Sd nf/ c&m0ef; a&;onft
h cg ,aeYyjkH zpfvmonf/
&aumufajymif;vJyHk
&aumufonf rlvu nmbufodkY vSnfhí wdkonfh ] } yHk ½dSonf/ tNrD;? acgif; rxif½Sm;aomm wkwfacsmif;wdkyHkvnf;
awGU&onf/ odaYk omf tif;0acwfürl þ oP²mefjzpfvmonf/ xdrk S acgi;f t0du
k o
f nf atmufoYkd wpfpwpfp½Snq
f if;vmonf/
xdk ] } urS ,aeY&aumuf jzpfvmonf/
oajymif;vJykH
]o} onf c&maxmifw h iG u
f s,cf sed üf av;axmifh ]y}wGif b,fbufatmufrS tikwu
f av;yg½rkH Q oP²mef ½do
S nf/ c&m0ef;a&;
vmaomtcg ,aeYykH jzpfay:vmonf/
tajymif;vJykH
]t} udk c&maxmifh a&;onfhtcgü ] } yHkoP²meffjzifhawGU&onf/ c&m0ef;a&;pü oP²meffrsKd;vnf;
awGU&onf/ xdrk w
S pfqifh ,aeYyjkH zpfvmonf/

tu©&m £ ajymif;vJyHk
tu©&m ]£} onf rlvu vdiI ;f wGeEYf pS cf k oP²meftu©&mjzpfonf/ tajcryg/ tjcm;tu©&mrsm;ESihf rsO;f wpfnw
D nf;
a&;avh½o
Sd nf/ xdyk rkH S ]u} ESpq
f ifo
h P²mef?f xdrk S tajcxGuíf ,aeYyo
kH Ykd ul; ajymif;vmonf/
tu©&m þ ajymif;vJykH
tu©&m ]þ} onf rlvu vdiI ;f wGew Yf pfcEk iS hf 4if;atmufrS nmbufu0kd u
kd íf wufomG ;aom rsO;f wpfaMumif;yg½o
Sd nf/ xdrk sO;f
tpGef;ESpfbuf auGU0dkufoGm;&mrS ,aeYyHkjzpfvmonf/
tu©&m OD ajymif;vJykH
tu©&m ]OD} onf rlvu tu©&m ]O} \ OD;acgi;f ü towfajymif;jyefoP²mef tarmufi,fygonf/ xdt
k armufi,fonf
aemifaomfv;kH Bu;D wif oP²mef xdyw
d o
f mG ;Ny;D tqefcwfum ,aeYyjkH zpfvmonf/
tu©&m { ajymif;vJykH
tu©&m { onf rlvu t½G,yf kH tao;tBu;D ESprf sK;d awGU&onf/ c&m0ef;a&;onft
h cg tjcm; tu©&mrsm;ESihf t½G,w
f Nl y;D
atmufyikd ;f tpGe;f auG;0ifomG ;onf/
Xmef ? u½dkPf; ? y,wf
]]Xmef ? u½dkPf; ? y,wf}} t"dyÜg,f

Xmef / / pum;oHjzpfay:&m ae&mudk Xmef[ak c:onf/
u½dP k ;f / / pum;oHjzpfay:ap&ef tultnDay;aom toH;k cH0w¬Kukd u½dP k ;f [kac:onf/
y,wf / / pum;oHjzpfay:ap&ef tm;xkw½f wG q f rkd Iukd y,wf[k ac:onf/
pum;oHjzpfay:rI (Xmef ? u½dP k ;f ? y,wf ESihf pum;oHjzpfay:r)I
pum;oHonf Xmef? u½dP k ;f ? y,wf ½drS o
S m jzpfay:onf/ pum;oH jzpfay:rIonf apmif;BudK;udk vufESifh wD;cwfjcif;jzifh
apmif;oH jzpfay:rEI iS hf wlonf/
apmif;BuKd ;onf toHjzpfay:&mae&mjzpfí XmefEiS w hf o l nf/
vufonf apmif;oHjzpfay:vmap&ef tultnDay;aom toH;k cH0w¬K jzpfí u½dP k ;f ESihf wlonf/
apmif;oHjzpfay:vmap&ef wD;cwfro I nf y,wfEiS w hf ol nf/
pum;oHxuG af y:vmyHk (rlvoH)
(rlvoHonf pum;oHjzpfEikd rf nft h oH jzpfonf/)
pum;oHonf cHpm;csu?f pdwu f ;l pdwo
f ef; ponfukd xkwaf z: ajymqdv k o
kd nfh qE´wpfcw k nf;jzifh EIwrf S xGuaf y:vmjcif;
r[kwaf y/
xkwaf z:ajymqdv k o kd nfh qEáMumifh tqkwt f wGi;f ü pum;oH jzpfapEdik rf nfh avwpfrsK;d onf a½S;OD;pGm jzpfay:vm&onf/
xdak vonf txufow Ykd ufvm&m vnfrsK½d Sd toHt;kd odYk a&mufonf/
toHt;kd odaYk &mufonfEiS hf wpfNyKd ief uf xdak vonf pum;oHjzpf Edik rf nft h oH wpfenf;tm;jzifh rlvoHtjzpfoYkd ajymif;oGm;onf/
rlvoHonf Asn;f oH? o&oH [lí ruGjJ ym;ao;ay/ xdt k cg ajymvdo
k ul ajymvdo k nfh pum;oHjzpfay:vmap&ef pum;oHjzpf
t*Fg tpdwt f ydik ;f wdEYk iS hf awGUxad paomtcgrS rlvoHonf pum;oHtjzpf xGuaf y:vmonf/

pum;oHjzpft*Fg / / pum;oHrsm;jzpfatmif zefwD;Edkifaom t*Fgtpdwftydkif; rsm;udk pum;oHjzpft*Fg[k ac:onf/
pum;oHjzpft*Fgukd atmufygtwdik ;f t"dutm;jzifh (2) rsKd; ydkif;jcm;xm;onf/
(u) rvIy½f mS ;Edik af om pum;oHjzpft*Fg
( c ) vIyf½Sm;Edkifaom pum;oHjzpft*Fg
rvIy½f mS ;Edik af om pum;oHjzpft*FgwiG f vnfacsmif; ? tmacgiaf ysmh ? tmacgirf m? tmxdy?f oGm; ? txufEw
I cf rf;? ESmacgi;f wdYk
yg0ifonf/ vIyf½Sm;Edkifaom pum;oHjzpft*FgwGif vQm&if; ? vQmaemuf ? vQmv,f? vQma½SU (vQmzsm;teD;) ? vQmzsm; ? atmufEIwfcrf;
? vQmcifwYkd yg0ifonf/
pum;oHjzpft*Fg jzwfyikd ;f yHk
ESmacgif;
txufEwI cf rf;
oGm;
tmxdyf
. tmacgifrm
tmacgifaysmh
vnfacsmif;
atmufEw
I cf rf;
vQmzsm;
vQma½SU
vQmv,f toHBuKd ;
vQmaemuf
vQm&if; toHt;kd
vQmcif
rSwcf suf/ / em;vnfoabmaygufapzdYk azmfjyxm;wmyg/ pmar;yJrG mS awmh yHqk cGJ ikd ;f jcif; rawGU&yg/ /

Xmef vIyf½Sm;Edkifaom pum;oHjzpft*Fg
pum;oH jzpfay:&m ae&mudk Xmef[ak c:onf/ Xmefonf vIyf½Sm;Edkifaom pum;oHjzpft*FgrSm u½dkPf; jzpfonf/
rvIy½f mS ;Edik af om pum;oHjzpft*Fg jzpfonf/ Xmef (7) ae&m½do S nf/ vIyf½Sm;Edkifaom pum;oHjzpft*Fg (7) rsKd; ½dSonf/ ,if;t*Fg (7)
4if;wdrYk mS - rsK;d wdrYk mS -
(u) vnfacsmif;Xmef (u) vQm&if;
( c ) tmacgiaf ysmXh mef ( c ) vQmaemuf
( *) tmacgirf mXmef ( * ) vQmv,f
(C) tmxdyXf mef (C) vQma½SU (vQmzsm;teD;)
( i ) oGm;Xmef ( i ) vQmzsm;
( p) txufEw I cf rf;Xmef ( p ) atmufEw I cf rf;
(q) ESmacgi;f Xmef wdjYk zpfMuonf/ (q) vQmcifwdkY jzpfMuonf/
rvSKyf½Sm;wm Xmef[k rSmrnf vnfacsmif;? aysmh? rm? tmxdyf vmí oGm;? ESm? &if; aemuf v,f a½SY zsm; crf;EIwf vQmcifwdkYu aumif;aumif;vSKyf/
xufcrf; rSwfMuprf;/ XmefEiS u hf ½dPk ;f
pum;oHjzpfay:&mae&mudk Xmef[kac:onf/ pum;oH
u½dP k ;f jzpfay:ap&ef tultnDay;aom toH;k cH0w¬Kukd u½dP k ;f [k ac:onf/
pum;oH jzpfay:ap&ef tultnDay;aom toHk;cH Xmef (7) ae&mESifh u½dkPf; (7) rsKd; ½dSonf/ Xmef (7) ae&mudk
0u¬Kudk u½dkPf;[k ac:onf/ u½dkPf;onf vIyf½Sm;Edkifaom u½dP k ;f (7)rsK;d jzifh xday;vdu k jf cif;jzifh oufqikd &f m tu©&mwd\ Yk
pum;oHjzpft*Fg jzpfonf/ u½dkPf; (7) rsKd;½Sdonf/ 4if;wdkYrSm - toHrsm; jzpfvmonf/ xdkYaMumifh Xmefudk oD; jcm;jyavh r½dSbJ
(u) vQm&if; u½dP k ;f u½dkPf;ESifhwGJí jyavh½dSonf/ tu©&mwdkY\ toHrsm; jzpfay:
( c ) vQmaemuf u½dkPf; vmapaom XmefEiS hf u½dP k ;f twGJ (7)rsK;d ½do S nf/ ,if; XmefEiS hf
( * ) vQmv,f u½dP k ;f
(C) vQma½SU u½dP k ;f (vQmzsm;teD;u½dPk ;f ) u½dP k ;f twG(J 7) rsK;d wdrYk mS -
( i ) vQmzsm; u½dkPf; (u) vnfacsmif;Xmef - vQm&if;u½dP k ;f
( p ) atmufEw I cf rf;u½dP k ;f ( c ) tmacgiaf ysmXh mef - vQmaemufu½dP k ;f
(q) vQmcifu½dP k ;f wdjYk zpfMuonf/ ( * ) tmacg i r
f mXmef - vQ m v,f u ½d P
k ;
f
(C) tmxdyXf mef - vQmzsm;teD;u½dP k ;f
vSKy½f mS ;Edik vf Qif u½dP
k ;f yif/ &if;?aemuf? v,f?a½SU? zsm;?crf;? cif / ( i ) oGm;Xmef - vQmzsm;u½dP k ;f
( p ) EIwcf rf;Xmef - EIwcf rf;u½dP k ;f
rvIy½f mS ;Edik af om pum;oHjzpft*Fg
(q) ESmacgi;f Xmef - ESmacgi;f u½dP k ;f (vQmcifu½dP k ;f )
rvIyf½Sm;Edkifaom pum;oHjzpft*FgrSm Xmef jzpfonf/
wdjYk zpfMuonf/
rvIyf½Sm;Edkifaom pum;oHjzpft*Fg (7)rsKd;½dSonf/ ,if;t*Fg (7)
rsK;d wdrYk mS - y,wf
(u) vnfacsmif; pum;oHjzpfay:ap&ef tm;xkw½f w G q f rkd u I kd ]]y,wf}}
( c ) tmacgiaf ysmh [k ac:onf/ y,wf (4) rsK;d ½do S nf/ 4if;wdrYk mS -
( * ) tmacgirf m (u) ydw½f w G f y,wf
(C) tmxdyf ( c ) zGi½hf w G f y,wf
( i ) oGm; ( * ) xd½w G f y,wf
( p ) txufEw I cf rf; (C) pOf;i,fx½d w G yf ,wfwYkd jzpfMuonf/
(q) ESmacgif; wdkYjzpfMuonf/ ydw½f w G yf ,wfEiS hf zGi½hf w G yf ,wfwo Ykd nf o&½Gwq f rkd EI iS hf
vnfacsmif; aysmh rm tmxdyf oGm;? txuf ESmacgif; rvSLyf½mS ;/ oufqdkifí xd½Gwfy,wfESifh pOf;i,fxd½Gwfy,wfwdkYonf
Asn;f ½Gwq f rkd EI iS hf oufqikd o f nf/
toHBuKd ; o&ESiAhf sn;f ½Gwq
f rkd I
toHt;kd wGif tqkwrf S wufvmaomavudk ydwEf ikd ?f toH t d k ; wG i f tqk w f r S wuf v maom avud k
zGifhEdkifaom toHBudK; (2 ) acsmif; ½dSonf/ ,if;toHBudK; (2) ydwEf ikd zf iG Efh ikd af om toHBuKd ; (2)acsmif; ½do S nf/ ,if;toHBuKd ;
acsmif;udk ydwfíaomfvnf;aumif;? zGifhíaomfvnf;aumif; (2)acsmif;udk ydwíf aomfvnf;aumif;? zGiíhf aomf vnf;aumif;
o&rsm;udk ½GwfEdkifonf/ Asnf;rsm;udkrl XmefESifhu½dkPf;wdkYudk o&rsm;udk ½GwEf ikd o f nf/ Asn;f rsm;udrk l XmefEiS u
hf ½dP
k ;f wdu
Yk kd xdí
xd í aomf v nf ; aumif ; ? pOf ; i,f x d í aomf v nf ; aumif ; aomfvnf;aumif;? pOf;i,fxíd aomfvnf;aumif; ½GwEf ikd o f nf/
½GwEf ikd of nf/ þodt Yk m;jzifh - þodt Yk m;jzifh -
(u) ydw½f w G of & ( om"u- t? td? tk ) (u) ydw½f w G of & ( t ? td ? tk)
( c ) zGi½hf w G of & ( om"u- tm? tD? tl ) ( c ) zGi½hf wG of & ( tm ? tD ? tl )
( c ) xd½GwfAsnf; ( om"u- y ? Z ? b ) ( * ) xd½w G Af sn;f (u?c ?*)
(C) pOf;i,fxd½GwfAsnf; ( om"u- & ? v? 0 ) (C) pOf;i,fx½d w G Af sn;f ( ,? &? v)
wdYk jzpfay:vmonf/ wdYk jzpfay:vmonf/
y,wfEiS hf o&½Gwq
f rkd I ydw½f w
G o
f &
pum;oH j zpf a y:vmap&ef tm;xk w f ½ G w f q d k r I u d k toHtdk;wGif tqkwrf S wufvmaom avudk ydwEf ikd f
y,wf[ak c:onf/ y,wf (4)rsK;d ½do S nf/ 4if;wdrYk mS - zGiEhf ikd af om toHBuKd ;ESpaf csmif; ½do
S nf/ ,if;toHBuKd ;ESpaf csmif;udk
(u) ydw½f w G yf ,wf
ydwfíaomfvnf;aumif;? zGifhíaomfvnf;aumif; o&rsm;udk
( c) zGi½hf wG yf ,wf
(*) xd½w G yf ,wf ½GwEf ikd o f nf/ toHBuKd ;ESpaf csmif;udk ydwíf ½Gw&f mrS jzpfay:vmonfh
(C) pOf;i,fx½d w G yf ,wf wdjYk zpfMuonf/ o&udk ydw½f w G o
f &[k ac:onf/
y,wf a v;rsKd ; teuf yd w f ½ G w f y ,wf E S i f h om"u / / t? td? tk? tuf? tpf? atmuf...../
zGi½hf w
G yf ,wfwo Ykd nf o&½Gwq f rkd EI iS hf oufqikd o
f nf/ toHt;kd wGif
tqkwfrS wufvmaom avudk zGifhEdkifydwfEdkifaom toHBudK;
ESpaf csmif; ½d&S m ,if;toHBuKd ;ESpaf csmif;udk ydwíf aomfvnf;aumif; zGi½hf w
G o
f &
? zGiíhf aomfvnf;aumif; o&rsm;udk ½GwEf ikd f onf/ toH t d k ; wG i f tqk w f r S wuf v maomavud k
ydwEf ikd zf iG Ehf ikd o f nfh toHBuKd ;ESpaf csmif; ½do
S nf/ ,if; toHBuKd ;
y,wfEiS hf Asnf ; ½Gwq f rkd I ESpa
f csm if ;ud k yd
w í
f aomf
v nf ; aumif ;? zGiíhf aomfvnf;aumif;
pum;oH j zpf a y:vmap&ef tm;xk w f ½ G w f q d k r I u d k o&rsm;udk ½GwfEdkifonf/ toHBudK; ESpfacsmif;udk zGifhí ½Gwf&mr mrS
y,wf[ak c:onf/ y,wf (4)rsK;d ½do S nf/ 4if;wdrYk mS - jzpfay:vmonfh o&udk zGi½hf w G o f &[kac:onf/
(u) ydw½f w G yf ,wf om"u / / tm? tD? tl? tif? tif;? trf;.../
( c ) zGi½hf wG yf ,wf
( * ) xd½w G yf ,wf xd½w G Af sn;f
(C) pOf;i,fx½d w G yf ,wfwYkd jzpfMuonf/
y,wfav;rsK;d teuf xd½w G yf ,wfEiS hf pOf;i,fx½d w
G f Asnf ; rsm;ud k XmefESifhu½dkPf;wdkYudk xdíaomfvnf;
y,wfwdkYonf Asnf;½GwfqdkrIESifh oufqdkifonf/ XmefESifh aumif ; ? pOf ; i,f x d í aomf v nf ; aumif ; ½G w f E d k i f o nf /
u½dkPf;wdkYudkxdíaomfvnf;aumif;? pOf;i,fxdíaomfvnf; XmefESifhu½dkPf;wdkYudk xdí ½Gwf&mrS jzpfay:vmonfhAsnf;udk
aumif; Asnf;rsm;udk ½GwfEdkifonf/ xd½w G Af sn;f [k ac:onf/
om"u / / u?c?*?i /

pOf;i,fx½d w
G Af sn;f oGm;Xmef - vQmzsm;u½dP
k ;f
Asnf ; rsm;ud k Xmef E S i f h u½d k P f ; wd k Y u d k xd í aomf Xmef(7)ae&mudk u½dP k ;f (7)rsK;d jzifh xday;vdu
k jf cif;jzifh
vnf;aumif;? pOf;i,f xdíaomfvnf;aumif; ½GwfEdkifonf/ ouf q d k i f & mtu© & mwd k Y \ toH r sm; jzpf a y:vmaponf h
XmefEiS u
hf ½dP
k ;f wdu
Yk kd pOf;i,f xdí ½Gw&f mrS jzpfay:vmonfh Asn;f udk XmefESifhu½dkPf;twGJ (7)rsKd;½dS&m ,if;wdkYteuf oGm;zsm;XmefESifh
pOf;i,fx½d w G Af sn;f [k ac:onf/ vQmzsm;u½dkPf;wdkY xd&mae&mudk vnf;aumif;? oGm;&if;
om"u / / ,? &? v? V? 0/ oGm;zH;k XmefEiS hf vQmzsm;u½dP k ;f wdYk xd&mae&mudk vnf;aumif;
]]oGm;Xmef-vQmzsm;u½dP k ;f }} [k ac:onf/
vnfacsmif;Xmef - vQm&if;u½dP
k ;f
Xmef(7)ae&mudk u½dP k ;f (7)rsK;d jzifh xday;vdu
k jf cif;jzifh EIwcf rf;Xmef - EIwcf rf;u½dP k ;f
ouf q d k i f & m tu© & mwd k Y \ toH r sm; jzpf a y:vmaponf h
Xmef E S i f h u ½d k P f ; twG J (7)rsKd ; ½d S & m ,if ; wd k Y t euf Xmef(7)ae&mudk u½dP k ;f (7)rsK;d jzifh xday;vdu k jf cif;jzifh
vnfacsmif;XmefEiS v k ;f wdYk xd&mae&mudk vnfacsmif;Xmef- ouf q d k i f & mtu© & mwd k Y \ toH r sm; jzpf a y:vmaponf h
hf Qm&if;u½dP
vQm&if;u½dP k ;f [k ac:onf/ XmefEiS u
hf ½dP
k ;f twGJ (7)rsK;d ½d&S m ,if;wdt Yk euf txufEw I cf rf;XmefEiS hf
atmufEIwfcrf;u½dkPf;wdkY xd&m ae&mudk ]]EIwfcrf;Xmef -
EIwcf rf;u½dP k ;f }} [kac:onf/
tmacgirf mXmef - vQmv,fu½dP k ;f
k jf cif;jzifh ESmacgif;Xmef - vQmcifu½dkPf; ^ ESmacgif;u½dkPf;
ouf q d k i f & m tu© & mwd k Y \ toH r sm; jzpf a y:vmaponf h
XmefEiS u hf ½dP
k ;f twGJ (7)rsK;d ½d&S m ,if;wdt Yk euf tmacgirf mXmefEiS hf Xmef(7)ae&mudk u½dP k ;f (7) rsK;d jzifh xday;vdu k jf cif;jzifh
vQmv,f u ½d k P f ; wd k Y xd & mae&mud k tmacgif r mXmef - oufqdkif&mtu©&mwdkY\ toHrsm;jzpfay:vmaponfh XmefESifh
vQmv,fu½dP k ;f [k ac:onf/ u½dPk ;f twGJ (7)rsK;d ½dv S monf/
- vQmaemuf u½dkPf;onf tmacgifaysmhXmefudk xdpOf ?
- vQmv,f u½dkPf;onf tmacgifrmXmefudkxdpOf ?
tmacgiaf ysmXh mef - vQmaemufu½dP k ;f - vQma½SU(vQmzsm;teD;)u½dkPf;onftmxdyfXmefudkxdpOf?
k jf cif;jzifh -atmufEw I cf rf;u½dP k ;f onf txufEw I cf rf;Xmefux kd pd Of
ouf q d k i f & mtu© & mwd k Y \ toH r sm; jzpf a y:vmaponf h vQmcifukd atmufoYkd EdrS chf svu kd af omtcg rlvoHonf ESmacgi;f aygurf S
XmefEiS u
hf ½dPk ;f twGJ (7)rsK;d ½d&S m ,if;wdt Yk euf tmacgiaf ysmXh mefEiS hf tjyifodkY xGufoGm;onf/ þodkYjzifh oufqdkif&mu½dkPf;onf
vQmaemufydkif; u½dkPf;wdkY xd&mae&mudk tmacgifaysmhXmef - oufqikd &f mXmefux kd pd Of vQmcifukd atmufoYkd ESrd chf svu kd jf cif;jzifh
vQmaemufu½dP k ;f [k ac:onf/ jzpf v maom Xmef - u½d k P f ; onf ]]ES m acgif ; Xmef -
vQmcifu½dP k ;f }}jzpfonf/
tmxdyXf mef - vQmzsm;teD;u½dP
k ;f
k jf cif;jzifh oifh q&m&JU &Si;f jycsufukd aocsm em,l em;vnfNyD;rS
ouf q d k i f & mtu© & mwd k Y \ toH r sm; jzpf a y:vmaponf h usufrwS yf g/ 'grSom pJpG NGJ rJNrJ &Syd gr,f/
XmefESifhu½dkPf;twGJ (7)rsKd;½dS&m ,if;wdkYteuf tmxdyfXmefESifh
vQmzsm;teD; (vQma½SU) u½dkPf;wdkY xd&mae&mudk tmxdyfXmef-
vQmzsm;teD;u½dP k ;f [k ac:onf/

0gp*F qdik &f m ( 5 )rSww f ef rSwpf rk sm; emrfpm;
rSwfcsuf/ / zGifhqdkcsuftwdkif; wdwdusus r[kwfvQif trsKd;tpm;ESifh emrf\ tpm; oHk;aom yk'fudk emrfpm;[k ac:onf/
om"ursm; b,favmufyJ jynfhpHkygap trSwfavQmhcH&r,f/ om"uudk emrfp m; (4)rs K;d ½So
d nf/ ,if;emrfpm; (4)rsK;d wdUk rmS atmufygtwdik ;f
jzpfonf/
wpfck azmfjy½Hjk zifh vHak vmufw,f/ trsK;d tpm; om"u
(u) yk*v ¾ emrfpm;
emrf (1) ajym
ajymolemrfpm; ig? usKyf? uRefr
ouf½dS oufr?hJ j'yf½jdS 'yfrw
hJ \
Ykd trnf[o l rQukd emrf[k (2) Mum
Mum;emol emrfpm; rif ;? cifAsm;? nnf;?eif
(3) ajym
tajym
ajymcHe mrfpm; ol ? oif;
ac:onf/ teuft"dymÜ ,ft& emrf(4)rsK;d ESihf zJUG pnf;wnfaqmuf
(c) tñTe;f emrfpm; þ? onf? 4if;? ,if;?
yHkt& emrf(4)rsKd; ½Sdonf/ teuft"dyÜm,ft& emrf(4)rsKd;rSm (*) tar;emrfpm; rnfonf? rnfo?l bm
atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf/ (C) ocsmF emrfpm;
trsK;d tpm; om"u (1) ta&twGujf y
(u) wpfO;D qdik ef mrf a':cif?nGeaYf r?&efuek ?f iyvD ocsmF emrfpm; ESpOf ;D ? av;aumif
( c ) trsm;qdik ef mrf rdcif? orD;? NrKd U? urf;ajc (2) yrmPjyocsFm
( * ) pdwZå emrf arwåm? ynm? atmifjrifrI emrfpm; tcsKUd ? tm;vH;k
(C) tpkjyemrf rdom;pk? y&dabm*?vlxk
twd/k / emrfpm;? 4 [kw.f .../ yk*?f nTe;f ? ar;? csm csm.../
zJGUpnf;wnfaqufyHkt& emrf(4)rsKd;rSm yifudkemrf? yk*v¾ rS m ajym? Mum;? cH? & /
aygi;f pyfemrf? Bu,d memrf? *kP&f nfjyemrfwjYkd zpfonf/ a&wGuf ocF s m yrmP / emrfpm;rSwzf Ukd tdak uMu/
vdif emrodaooe
txD;? tr obm0udk vdif[k ac:onf/ emrf? emrfukd txl;jyKaomyk'u f kd emr0daooe[k ac:onf/
emrfpm;wdUkukd a,mufsm;? rde;f r? txD;? tr ponfjzifh cGjJ cm;jcif;onf txl; jyKjcif; cH&aom emrfukd 0d a oos[k ac:onf/ teuf
vdifoabm jzpfonf/ vdif (4)rsdK; ½Sdonf/ ,if;vdif (4)rsKd;rSm t"dymÜ ,ft& emr0daooe (4)rsK;d ESihf zJUG pnf;wnfaqmufyt kH &
atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf/ emr0daooe (2)rsKd; ½Sdonf/ teuf t"dyÜm,ft& emr0daooe
trsK;d tpm; om"u (4)rsK;d rSm atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf/
(u) ykvid’ f OD;ykn? uReaf wmf trsK;d tpm; om"u
( c ) £wd¬vdif tar? orD;? rwif0if; (u) *kP&f nfjy emr0daooe aumif;? ,Ofaus;
( * ) eykvid’ f aywH?oabFm? em&D (c ) tñTe;f emr0daooe þ? tjcm;? ,if;
(C) 'Gdvdif vl? pmqdk? usKyf? rif;/ (* ) ocFsmemr0daooe
(1) ta&twGujf yocFsmemr0daooe - 1 ck
uddef; (2) tpOfjyocsmF emr0daooe -
ta&twGuu f kd ude;f [k ac:onf/ ude;f (2)rsK;d ½So
d nf/ trSw(f 2)
,if;ude;f (2)rsK;d rSm atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf/ (3) yrmPjyocFsmemr0daooe-
trsK;d tpm; om"u tcsKdU? tm;vHk;
(u) {u0kpu f ed ;f q&m? ausmif;? NrKd U (C) tar;emr0daooe - b,f? bm
( c ) A[k0kpfudef; q&mwd?Yk NrKd Ursm;/ zJUG pnf;wnfaqmufyt kH & emr0daooewGif yifuekd mr
0daooeESihf aygi;f pyfemr0daooe[lí (2 )rsK;d cJjG cm; xm;ygonf/
twd/k / OD;? rsm;? pdw?f pk emrf teufjyKo/d yif? aygif;? Bud? twdrk wS /f / em0d4 ? em0dav;/ *kPf?nTef;?oif?ar; em0d 4 wGif/
*kPf emrf zJUG yHMk unfh/ yk? £? e? 'Gd av;vdi½f /dS {u ? A[k0pk of /d a&wGu?f tpOf? yrmoif? csmcsm em0d teufjrif/
yifyifaygif;aygif;jy? zJUG yHk 2ck&/em0dtqifhoH;k ? ref? vGe?f tomvGeqf ;kH /
*kPfxl;&rSwfydkYcscsufrsm;
0dbwf
P11
Bu,
d m
emrf? emrfpm;wdkY\ aemufü wnfí 4if;wdkYonf
jyKjcif;udk jzpfap? jzpfjcif;udkjzpfap? ½Sdjcif;udkjzpfap uwåm;jzpfonf? uHjzpfonf ponfuvnf kdvnf;aumif;? Bu, d m\
jyaomyk'u f kd Bu, d m[k ac:onf/ teuft"dyÜm,ft& Bu, d m aemufüwnfí 4if;Bu, d m\ umvESihf trKs;d tpm;udvnf k nf;aumif;
v
(3)rsKd;ESifh zJGUpnf;wnfaqmufyHkt& Bud,m(3)rsKd; ½Sdonf/ a0zefyikd ;f jcm;jyaom pum;vHk;udk 0dbwf[k ac:onf/
teuft"dymÜ ,ft& Bu, d m (3)rsK;d rSm atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf/
trsKd ;tpm; om"u emrf 0 d b wf E S i f h Bud , m0d b wf [ l í (2)rsKd ; ½S d o nf /
(u) jyKjcif;jyBud,m vkyf? pm;? oGm;? jzwf? cJG emrf0b d wf (17)rsK;d ? Bu, d m0dbwf (2)rsK;d ½So d nf/
( c ) jzpfjcif;jyBud,m jzpf(onf)? eyf(NyD)? jywf emrf0dbwf (17)rsKd;wGif uwåm;0dbwf? uH0dbwf?
( * ) ½Sjd cif;jyBu,d m ½Sd(onf)? wnf½Sd(\) xGucf mG &mjy0dbwf? a½S;½I&mjy0dbwf ponfwYkd yg0ifonf/
zJ Y G p nf ; wnf a qmuf y H k t & Bud , m (3)rsKd ; wG i f om"u -
yifuBkd u,d m? *kP&f nfjyBu, d m? aygi;f pyfBu, d mwdYk yg0ifonf/ uwåm;0dbwf - onf? u? rSm
uH0bd wf - udk
twdkrSwf&ef/ / jyK ?jzpf ? ½d?S aMumi;f / yif? *kP?f aygif;/ xGucf mG &mjy0dbwf - rS? u /
oHk;rsKd;pD ½SdaMumif;/ Bu,d m0dbwf (2)rsK;d wGif umvjyBu, d m0dbwf (3)rsKd ;?
trsKd ;tpm;jy Bu, d m0dbwf(4)rsK;d yg0ifonf/
om"u -
umvjyBu, d m0dbwf - (oGm;)rnf
Bu,
d m0daooe trsK;d tpm;jyBu, d m0dbwf - (oGm;)&atmif/
Bud,mudk txl;jyKaom yk'fudk Bud,m0daooe[k
twdrk wS /f / emrf 0d bwf? emrf0bd wf? emrf0bd wfu b,favmufrsm;sm;/
ac:onf/ teuft"dymÜ ,ft& Bu, d m0dooe (5)rsK;d ESihf zJUG pnf; 17 rsK;d yGm;/ uwåm;? uH? xGu?f a½S;½Ivsuf?
wnfaqmufyt kH & Bu,d m0daooe (3)rsK;d ½So
d nf/ qduk af &muf? oH;k cH? taMumif;jyef? vufc?H ae&m? tcsdefrmS ?
teuft"dymÜ ,f t& Bu, d m0daoe (5)rsK;d rSm atmufyg ydik qf ikd folu? vdkufavsmyg? ,SO?f cJ?G &nfvsuf?ae csddef quf /
twdik ;f jzpfonf- Bud,m0dbwf? Bud,m0dbwf b,fErS sK;d ?
trsK;d tpm; om"u two wGif three & four
ThreeumvH? ypö K yÜ ef ?
(u) tcsed jf yBu,d m0daooe tpOf? ,ck? eufjzef onf? \? NyD? udk twd wjf yef /
( c ) trlt&mjyBud,m0daooe nDnDnmnm rnf? vdrhf rnf? tHh? vwåUH tem*w tem*wf oD;oefY /
(*) tajctaejyBud,m0daooe onf;xefpGm Four ..zd;k zd;k ? trsdK;tpm;jy ?
(C) yrmPjy Bu, d m0daoe tenf;i,f? vH;k 0 apcdik ;f & ? nSEd idI ;f Mu ? qE´? trdeUf cs/
( i ) tar;Bu, d m0daooe rnfoUkd ? rnfuo hJ /Ykd
zJGUpnf;wnfaqmufyHkt&Bud,m0daooe(3)rsKd;wGif trsK;d tpm;jyBu, d m0dbwf
ESpfBudrfxyfBud,m 0daooe?ypönf;qufBud,m0daooeESifh Bud,m\ trsKd;tpm;udk azmfjyaom 0dbwfudk
um&efvu kd Bf u, d m0daooewdyYk g0ifonf/ trsK;d tpm;jyBu, d m0dbwf[k ac:onf/ Bu, d m\ aemufüwnfí
twdrk wS /f / Bud,m0d.?Bud,m0d/ csde?f rl? ajc? rm? ar;ygbd/ five! 4if
; Bu ,
d m\ trs K
;d tpm;u k d a0zefyi
k d ;
f jcm;jyaom pum;vHk; jzpfonf/
trsK;d tpm;jyBu, d m0dbwf (4)rsK;d ½So d nf/ ,if;0dbwf (4)rsKd ;wdrYk mS
xyfqufvukd ?f xyf quf vduk ?f ESpBf udr?f ypön;f ? um&ef vduk /f
atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf/
trsK;d tpm; om"u
(u) apcdik ;f 0dbwf - avmh ?
(c ) nSdEIdif;0dbwf - pdkU? &atmif ?
(* ) qEńeT 0f b d wf - ap? yg&ap ?
(C) trdecYf s0b d wf - ap /
umvjyBu, d m0dbwf ypönf;
Bud,m\ jyKjcif;? jzpfjcif;? ½Sdjcif;ESifh pyfqdkifonfY emrf? emrfpm;? emr0daooe? Bud,m? Bud,m0dao
tcsed u f mvudk jyaom 0dbwfukd umvjyBu, d m0dbwf[k ac:onf/ oewd\ Yk t"dymÜ ,fukd xl;jcm;av;eufatmif ulnaD xmufyahH om
Bud,m\ aemufüwnfí 4if;Bud,m\ umvudk a0zefydkif; pum;vHk;udk ypön;f [k ac:onf/
jcm;jyonfh pum;vHk; jzpfonf/ ypön;f (3)rsKd ;½Sod nf/ ,if; oH;k rsK;d rSm-
umvjyBud,m0dbwf (3)rsKd;½Sdonf/ ,if;0dbwf trsK;d tpm; om"u
(3)rsK;d wdrYk mS atmufyg twdik ;f jzpfonf/ (u) emrfypön;f a':? rsm;? wdwd
trsK;d tpm; om"u (c ) Bu, d mypön;f avm? r? Mu? awmh
ypöKyeÜ u
f mvjyBu,d m0dbwf - onf? \ ? NyD (* ) yk'af jymif;ypön;f t? rI? aom? pGm
twdwu f mvjyBu,d m0dbwf - onf? \ ? NyD wdkY jzpfygonf/
tem*wfumvjyBu, d m0dbwf - rnf? vdrrhf nf/ emrf y pö n f ; wG i f rsKd ; jyypö n f ; ? vd i f n T e f ; ypö n f ; ?
udef;nTef;ypönf;? ocFsmypönf;ponfjzifh (9)rsKd; ½Sdonf/
Bud,mypönf;wGif tar;ypönf;? udef;nTef;ypönf;?
orÁE¨ Bu, d maxmufypön;f ponfjzifh (5)rsK;d ½So d nf/
yk'fajymif;ypönf;wGif emrfyk'fajymif;ypönf;? emr0dao
yk'ftcsif;csif;udk jzpfap? 0gustcsif;csif;udk jzpfap? oeyk ' f a jymif ; ypö n f ; ? Bud , m0d a ooeyk ' f a jymif ; ypö n f ; [l í
t"dyÜm,ftcsif;csif;udk jzpfap qufpyfay;aom pum;vHk;udk (3)rsK;d ½So d nf/
orÁ E ¨ [ k ac:onf / orÁ E ¨ u d k quf p yf y H k t &ES i f h teuf
t"dymÜ ,ft&[lí (2)rsK;d cJjG cm;Edik o
f nf/ twdkrSwf
qufpyfyt kH & orÁE¨ (3)rsK;d ½So
d nf/ ,if;orÁE¨ (3)rsK;d wdrYk mS ypönf; ypönf; 3 ypönf;? emrfESifh Bud,m yk'fajymif;om? rSwfyg 3 ypönf;/
Edkif; ESifh zdkuf ? o&D;/
atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf/
ud k ;/ emrfypönf;udk;?udk;rsKd;[m/
trsK;d tpm; om"u
(u) yk'fquf orÁE¨ ESi?hf oUkdr[kw?f rSwpfyg; rsKd;vdifudef;csm?emrfyrm?½lytmvkyf?0dpämxkwf/udk;rsKd;udk;rsKd;[kwf/
(c ) 0gusquf orÁE¨ í ? aomtcg? rS ig;
ig;/ <ud ,mypönf; ig;rsKd;a&muf?tar;?udef;nTef;?Bud,maxmuf?tjiif;?0gusaemuf/
(* ) t"dymÜ ,fquforÁE¨ xdUk aMumif?h odaYk omf oH k ;/ yk'fajymif;ypönf; 3rsKd;½Sd/ emrfyk'f?em0d?Mud0d/
teuf t "d y Ü m ,f t & orÁ E ¨ (11)rsKd ; ½S d o nf / t? aom? pGmeJY nSdNyD;od/ tvkyf? pm;aom? aumif;pGm ½Sd /
,if;(11)rsK;d wGif atmufygwYkd yg0ifonf/ yk'fajymif;ypönf;
trsK;d tpm; om"u yk'fajymif;ypönf;onf Bud,mESifh emr0daooewdkYudk
- qefu Y sijf yorÁE¨ aomfvnf; ? apumrl emrftjzpfodkUvnf;aumif;? Bud,mudk emr0daooetjzpfodkU
- tcsed jf yorÁE¨ ESifhwpfjyKifeuf? pOf
- tusK;d arQmjf y orÁE¨ pdrahf omiSm? tzdYk / vnf;aumif;? Bu, d mESiehf mr0daooeudk Bu, d m0daooetjzpfoUkd
vnf;aumif; ajymif;ay;Edik o f nfyh pön;f jzpfonf/ yk'af jymif;ypön;f
toH;k jyKyo kH m"urSm atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf/
twdk/ / qufpyfyHkt& orÁE?¨ yk'f 0uf "dyÜm,,f rSwfvdkufy/ rl
v yk
' f ypönf; yk'af jymif;oGm;yHk
ESifh? í? xdkUaMumifh om"ujy/ vkyf (Mu, d m) + t = tvkyf (Bud,memrfyk'f)
orfAefteuf q,hfwpfrsKd;ay;/ aumif; (emr0daooe) + rI = aumif;rI (*kP&f nfjyemrfy'k )f
qefY? csdef? usdK;? aBumif;/ EdIif;EIdif;? aygif;? a½G;/ pm; (Mud,m) + aom = pm;aom (emr0daooeyk'f)
uefYowf? uefYowf? NydKif? NyD; ay;/ av;pm; (Bu, d m) + pGm=av;pm;pGm (Bud,m0daooeyk'f)
aumif; (emr0daooe) + pGm = aumif;pGm (Bu, d m0daooeyk')f /
rSwfcsuf/ / avhusifhcef;tjzpfvnf; ar;Edkifonf/ /

jref r mo'´ g 0gp*Fqdkif&m odrSwfzG,frsm;
rdwfqufpum;
0gp*Fqwkd m 0gpm + t*F yg/ pum;&JUtpdwtf ydik ;f awGukd qdvk wkd ,f/ wynfhwdYk e0rwef;txd oifchJ &wJh emrf? emrfpm;? emr0daooe?
Bud,m? Bud,m0daooe qdwk hJ yk'f 5 rsK;d &,f? 0dbwf? ypön;f ? orÁE¨ qdwk hJ pum;vH;k 3 rsK;d &,f? tmar!dwf vdYk ac:wJh toH&,f t*Fg 9 yg;xJu
tmar!dwrf vS vJG Ykd usefwhJ 8 yg;&JU odrwS zf ,G rf sm;udk avhvm &rSmyg/
wpfenf;qd&k &ifawmh e0rwef;txd jrefrmo'´g twGJ 2 ? tcef; 5 txd oif,cl hJ NyD;orQ 0gp*FawGukd ½IaxmifhpHuk ae jyefveS f
avhvm&wJhoabmyg/ tJ'aD wmh t&ifwek ;f u rausnufchJ wmawG&,f? ausnufw,fvYkd xifaomfvJ wu,f r&ao;wmawG&,fukd cktwef;rSm jyefNyD;
Mudwpf ufxxJ nfh0g;zdYk vdvk mNyD/
jyefavhvmMupdkY
emrf
trsK;d tpm; vdif udef;
teuf zGJUpnf;
- wpfOD;qdkifemrf - yifudkemrf - ykv’dif - {u0kpfudef;

- trsm;qdik ef mrf - aygif;pyfemrf - £w¬dvdif - A[k0kpfudef;
- pdwåZemrf - Bud,memrf - eykv’dif
- tpkjyemrf - *kPf&nfjyemrf - 'dGvdif
twdkrSwf&ef/ / OD; ? rsm;? pdwf? pk emrf teufjyK\ / yif? aygif;? Bud? *kPf emrf zJGUyHkAs /
yk ? £ ? e ? 'Gd av;vdif½Sd/ {u ? A[k0kpf od .. od ... od /
teuft"dyÜm,ft& emrfavhusifhcef; (trsK;d tpm;azmfjyyg)

1/ vlxk - 6/ a½Twd*Hk - 11/ urf;ajc -
2/ y&dabm* - 7/ aumifpD - 12/ owåd -
3/ 0rf;omrI - 8/ ZGJ - 13/ apwD -
4/ NrKd U - 9/ aMumif - 14/ ausmif; -
5/ rcdik f - 10/ iyvD - 15/ atmifjrifjcif; -
zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufyHkt& emrfavhusifhcef; (trsK;d tpm;azmfjyyg)

1/ aumifpD - 6/ vufa½G;pif - 11/ tvkyf -
2/ £ajE´ - 7/ wG,fwmp&m- 12/ a,musfm; -
3/ rSefwifcHk - 8/ tat; - 13/ wpfqifhpum;-
4/ ay;urf;jcif; - 9/ &xm; - 14/ tvS -
5/ Murf;wrf;rI - 10/ pmar;yGJ - 15/ r*¾Zif; -

vdiftrsKd;trnft& emrfavhusifhcef; (trsK;d tpm;azmfjyyg)
1/ OD;ykn 6/ uRerf 11/ ukvm;xdik f 16/ tbGm;
2/ rpHy,f 7/ uRefawmf 12/ vl 17/ ppfom;
3/ a& 8/ rD; 13/ udkudk 18/ uvm;wuf
4/ a>r 9/ xef; 14/ vHrk av; 19/ uGefysLwm
5/ oabFmyif 10/ armif&if 15/ oDcsi;f 20/ usKyf
( OD;tmifaZ,s? r'D́a'0D? a&? ajr?G uRerf ? tpfu?kd rD;? xef;? oabFm? 0wfq?H rsurf eS ?f tbGm;? vHrk av;? ra[oD? q&m? nDr? usKy/f )
owd / / ykvid’ ?f eykvid’ ?f £w¬vd id ?f 'Gvd id f wpfrsK;d pDukd t"dymÜ ,feUJ wJoG zd Ukd ? pmvH;k aygif;rSwrf ad tmif a&;usifhxm;zdUk vdyk gr,f/ ckyJ atmufrmS
usifhvdkufyg/
txD; - - - - - - - - - -
tr - - - - - - - - - -
vdirf hJ - - - - - - - - - -
txD^tr - - - - - - - - - -
udef; cJGjcm;yg/
vlawG? tdyrf ufawG? ausmif;om;? ausmif;aqmifrsm;? iSuw f ?Ykd vlBu;D ? rde;f r? oDv½Sirf sm;
emrfqdkif&m odrSwfzG,f&mrsm;
1/ emrfonf tcsi;f csi;f aygi;f pyfaomtcg a½SUemrfu aemufemrfukd jzpfap aemufemrfu a½SUemrfujkd zpfap emr0daooetjzpf
txl;jyKonf/ a&td;k ? awmifuvyf
2/ *kP&f nfjyemrf tcsKu Yd kd emr0daooetjzpf toH;k jyKEikd o
f nf/ tjref&xm;? tvSig;? taEG;tusÐ? teDuwf? tvSr,f? Zmwfvrf;tusOf;
3/ Bu,d memrf tcsKUd ukd emr0daooetjzpf toHk;jyKEdkifonf/ tiSm;um;? taqG;½ky½f iS ?f tvGr;f oDcsif;? jyKz,G fupd ?ö toGm;c&D;
4/ emrfonf 0dbwfudkvdkufí uwåm;? uH ponfh yk'ftrsKd;rsKd; jzpfvmonf/ armifarmifonf? pmtkyfudk? rEÅav;odYk ? &xm;jzifh? nDi,ftm;
5/ emrfonf emrftcsif;csif;jzpfap? Bud,m? emr0daooe? Bud,m0daooewdkYESifh jzpfap aygif;pyfjcif;jzifh aygif;pyfemrf?
aygif;pyfemr0daooe? aygif;pyfBud,m? aygif;pyfBud,m0daooeyk'frsm; jzpfvmonf/ a&tdk;? aq;jc,f? ZGJaumif;? pdwfjrefvufjref
6/ tcsKUd aom emrfrsm;udk trsm;jyude;f ñTe;f ypön;f ]wd}Yk ESihf wGíJ oH;k vQif ,if;emrfonf taygi;f tpkukd &nfñeT ;f azmfjyonf/ usuyf g/
OD;jrwwd k Y jyefvmNyDvm;/ tarwd
wd k Ya&mufNyDvm;/ rcdik wdfw dk Yawmha&mufaeNyD/
7/ uwåm;0dbwf ]rSm}? uH0b d wf ]ud}k ? vufcjH y0dbwf ]tm;}? taMumif;jy0dbwf ]aMumif}h ? &nfp;l csujf y0dbwf ]twGu?f zd}Yk
ponfwu Ykd kd oH½n
S t
f qH;k ½daS om emrfwEYkd iS hf wGíJ oH;k aomtcg oH½n
S tf csKUd ukd atmufjrpfxnfíh ajymavh? a&;avh ½do
S nf/
armifarmifhrSm/ a0a0htwGuf/ cifcifhud/k ukduYdk aMumifh/ eDvmhzdYk / ,Of,OfYtwGuf
8/ rlvu ]t}ygaom toD;? tcef;? twGi;f ? tjyif? t&if;? tzsm;? ta&mif ponfh emrftcsKUd ukd tjcm;emrfwpfcEk iS hf aygi;f pyfaomtcg
]t}udk jrK§ yaf vh½oSd nf/
o&ufo;D ? ½H;k cef;? tdrwf iG ;f ? wdik zf sm;? ausmif;xJ? vdar®maf &mif? ysm;&nf ( toD; + o&uf - o&ufoD; )

emrfqdkif&m taxGaxGavhusifhcef;rsm;
1/ atmufyg aygi;f pyfemrfww Ykd iG f rnfonfeh mrfu rnfonfeh mrfud
u dk txl;jyKoenf;/
uGr;f uvyf? 0g;vufcyk ?f 0g;carmuf? rkev Yf ufaumuf? qeftw d ?f acG;bDv;l ? awm0uf? anifrw k qf wd ?f Muufqif? zd;k OD;uGi;f jyif?
a&jrk if;? bde;f rke?Yf rkeAYf ikd ;f awmif?h a½Tvufaumuf? iSuq f if? ½Sr;f acguq
f ?JG rkeyYf sm;ovuf? jrif;&xm;? yJvif;a>r? oJuEÅm&?
a&cJaygupf ?D y&dwaf &/
tajz uGr;f uvyf
a½SUemrf uGr;f u aemufemrf uvyf udk txl;jyKonf/
qDykvif; - qD (a½SUemrf) u ykvif; (aemufemrf) udk txl;jyKonf/
½Sif;vif;csuf / / 1/ emrf ESpfckzJGUpnf;xm;wmudkodyg/ 2/ zJGUpnf;xm;wJhemrf&JU qdkvdkwJh rSnfac:vdkwJh oabmudk qef;ppfyg/ Oyrm ]qyfjym} qdkwJhemrf&,f?
]cGuf}qdkwJhemrf&,f zJUGpnf;xm;wJh ]qyfjymcGuf }qdkwJh emrf&JU qdkvdkwJhtrnfoabmudk qef;ppf&if qyfjymxnfh&wJh ]cG u f } udk qdkvdkaMumif;odrSmyg/'gqdk&if b,f v d k c G u fvqJ wkd mudk
a½SUemrfqyfjymu txl;jyKaeaMumif; tajzxkwfEdkifygNyD/
2/ zJGUpnf;wnfaqmufyHkt& rnfonfeh mrf jzpfoenf;/ ½Sif;jyyg/
aumifp?D rSew
f ifc?kH ay;urf;jcif;? vufa½G;pif? wG,w f mp&m? tat;? taumif;? tvky?f tvS? arwåm? OD;xky?f aumif;rI/
tajz- tvkyf - Bu, d memrf ( Bu,d m + emrfy'k af jymif;ypön;f )
arwåm - yifuekd mrf ( jrefrmo'´genf;t& cJpG wd íf r& )
tumif; - *kP&f nfjyemrf ( *kP&f nfjyyk'f + emrfy'k af jymif;ypön;f )
Od;xkyf - aygif;pyfemrf ( emrfyk'f + Bud,myk'f )
owd / / ½Sif;jyygvdkU xyfqifh ar;xm;&if vdk&if;½Sif;jyay;yg/ ar;cGef;udk aocsmzwfzdkU tNrJwrf;owdjyKyg/ taumif;? aumif;rI? tvS? tvkyf? tat;
pwmawGudk yifudkemrfvdkU trSwfwrJh ajzrdwwfw,f/ yif u d kemrf pmvHk;aygif;udkvnf; rrSm;zdkUvdkygw,f/
3/ (u) argi;f pyfy'k rf sm;jzpfaom rsufESmcsdK? aq;jc,f? pdwfjrefvufjref wdu Yk kd 0gp*F cJjG yyg/
tajz- aygif;pyfyk'f aygif;pyfyHk 0gp*F
rsuEf mS csKd rsuEf mS + csKd emrf + emr0daooe
aq;jc,f aq; + jc,f emrf + Bu, d m
pdwjf refvufjref pdwf + jref + vuf+ jref emrf + emr0daooe + emrf + emr0daooe
3/ ( c ) tcsKd aom emrfrsm;udk rnfonfhypönf;ESifh wGíJ oH;k vQif ,if;emrfonf taygi;f tpkukd &nfneT ;f azmfjyoenf;/ om"u0gus
( 2 )ck jyyg/
tajz- tcsKd Uaomemrfrsm;udk trsm;jyude;f nTe;f ypön;f ]wdUk }ESihf wJíG oH;k vQif ,if;emrfonf tygi;f tpkukd &nfneT ;f azmfjyygonf /
om"u / / ( 1 ) OD;bwdUk jyefvmNy/D
( 2 ) rcdik fwYkd a&mufNyv
D m;/
Yk kd emr0daooetjzppf 0gus toD;oD;wGif oH;k jyyg /
3/ ( * ) ] txl;? taES;? tvky?f tjyef? tEk..}wdu
tajz- txl; / / ½H;k cef;wGif txl;tpnf;ta0; jyKvyk af eonf/
3/ (C) atmufyg 0dbwfwpfcck Ek iS hf wJjG cif;jzifh oH½n

S t
f qH;k ½Sad om emrfwiG f atmufjrpfxnfah vh½ydS u
kH kd om"ujyyg/
udk? tm;? aMumifh? twGuf? zdkY
tajz- oH½n S t
f qH;k ½Sad omemrf 0dbwf atmufjrpfxnfyh kH
armifarmif + udk - armifarmifu
h kd

3/ ( i ) atmufygemrftoD;oD;udk tjcm;emrfwpfcck Ek iS hf aygi;f pyfaomtcg]t} jrKS yaf vh ½Syd u
kH kd om"ujyyg/
ta&mif? tyif? tom;? t½kyf
tajzay;xm;onfeh mrf tjcm;emrf ]t} jrKS yyf kH
ta&mif + a½T = a½Ta&mif
4/ (u) atmufyg aygi;f pyfemrftoD;oD;wGif rnfonfu emr0daooe? rnfonfu 0daoos jzpfaMumif; cJjG cm;jyyg/
qeftdwf? rkefUacgif;tkH;.. (acG;bDvl;? anmiffrkwfqdwf? rkeysm;ovu
Yysm;ovuf vif;a>r? Muuffqif? zd;k OD;uGi;f jyif? iSuq
fysm;ovu? yJvif f if?
bde;f pm;zd;k qdik f )
tajz- qeftw d f - qef (emr0daooe) + tdwf ( 0daoos )
rkeaYf cgi;f tH;k - rkeYf (0daoos ) + acgi;f tH;k (emr0daoo)
4/ ( c ) atmufyg yk'w f Ukd ukd emrfy'k af jymif;ypön;f wpfcck Ek iS qhf ufí *kP&f nfjyemrf zJjYG yyg/
Nird ;f csr;f ? acsm? eD? oGuv f uf? ajzmif?h yg;eyf? ½Sn?f Murf;/
tajzay;xm;onfhyk'f emrfy'k af jymif;ypön;f *kP&f nfjyemrf
Nird ;f csr;f + jcif; - Nird ;f csr;f jcif;
emrfpm; ( av;rsKd; )
- yk*¾vemrfpm; vly*k Kd¾ vaf wGu emrnftpm;oH;k wm rif;? eif? ½Si?f usKy?f ud,
k ?f wynfah wmf? wdYk
- tñTef;emrfpm; emrfy'k w f pfcpk u
D kd ñTejf ywJeh mrfpm; 'D? [dk? þ? onf? xdk? tMuif? 4if; ? ,if;
- tar;emrfpm; wpfpw kH pf&m emrfukd tar;oabm oH;k wJeh mrfpm; rnfo?l rnfonf? bm? b,f? tb,f? b,fol
- ocsFmemrfpm; qdik &f memrfut kd a&twGu^f yrmPjyNy;D oH;k wJeh mrfpm; tcsKUd ? wpfck
twdkrSwf&ef/ / emrfpm; ? 4 [kwf.... yk*f? nTef;? ar;? csm

csm................/ yk*¾vrS m ajym? Mum;? cH? As /
a&wGuf ocF s m yrmP / emrfpm;rSwfzdkU tdkauMu /
emrfpm;qdkif&m odrSwfzG,frsm;
1/ yk*v ¾ emrfpm;rsm;udk a,musmf ;? rde;f r? touft½G,?f tqift h wef;? ,Ofaus;rItvduk f qDavsmaf tmif toH;k jyK&onf/
uRefawmf ? uRefr ? ig
2/ ]ol} [laom emrfpm;udk a,musmf ;? rde;f r? wd&pämef emrfwt Ykd pm; oH;k Edik o
f nf/
atmifeufonf ol\ ociftay: opöm½daS om acG;av;jzpfonf/
3/ þ? xd?k 4if;? ,if;? onf- wdu Yk kd 0gusü toH;k udv
k u kd íf tñTe;f emrfpm;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? tñTe;f emr0daooetjzpfvnf;aumif;
oHk;Edkifonf/ 'D rSmwnf;ygcifAsm/ onftdrfrSm wnf;yg/
4/ rnfonf? b,f? bm- wdu Yk kd 0gusü toH;k udv k ukd íf tar;emrfpm;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? tar;emr0daooetjzpfvnf;aumif;
oH;k Edik o
f nf/
rnfonf udk oifpm;vdok enf;/ rnfonfh rkefYudk oifpm;vdkoenf;/ b,frSmaeovJ/ b,f&yfuGufrSm aeovJ/
5/ ESpfck? ESpfaumif? oHk;yif - ponfh ta&twGufudk azmfjyonfh yk'fwdkYudk 0gusü toHk;udkvdkufí ta&twGufjy
ocsmF emrfpm;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? ta&twGujf yocsmF emr0daooetjzpfvnf;aumif; oH;k Edik o f nf/
ig;ESpaf umifonf ig;Muif;jzpf\/ ig;rsm;0,fvm&m ESpfaumifonf ig;Muif;/

6/ tcsKUd ? tm;vH;k ? tenf;i,f-ponfh yrmPudk azmfjyonfh yk'w
f u
Ykd kd 0gusü toH;k udv
k u
kd íf yrmPjymcsmF emrfpm;tjzpfvnf;aumif;?
yrmPjyocsmF emr 0daooetjzpfvnf;aumif; oH;k Edik o f nf/
(tm;vHk; ausmif;vmonf/ ausmif;om; tm;vHk; ausmif;wufonf/)
7/ emrfpm;udk emrf0b d wfrsm;ESihf wGEJ ikd o
f nf/
olYrmS ? olonf? olYzdkY? rif;zdYk ? 4if;aMumifh? ,if;twGu?f tcsKUd u
8/ emrfodrSwfzG,f tydk'f - 7 uJo h Ykd ajymavh? a&;avh ½do
S nf/
uRefawmfhrSm? olYu?kd eifhzdYk ? ud,k hf aMumifh? ightwGuf
9/ emrfpm;udk trsm;jyypön;f ]wd}Yk ESihf wGíJ oH;k Edik o
f nf/
olwdkY? cifAsm;wdkY
10/ ]wdkU} [laom trsm;jyypönf;udk ajymolemrfpm;tjzpf oHk;Edkifonf/
wdkYudk olu txifrSm;aew,f/ wdkY jyefa&mufNyD/
emrfpm;qdkif&m taxGaxGavhusifhcef;rsm;
1/ atmufyg emrfpm;toD;oD;\ emrfpm;trsKd;tpm;udk ajzyg/
tcsKdU? tb,f? xd?k uREykf ?f onf? oif;? tm;vH;k ? rnfo?l bm? eif? av;OD;? ½Si?f rnfonf? xuf0uf? ol? oif? þ? 4if;? rif;?
tMuif? bm/
2/ atmufyg emrfpm;toD;oD;\ yk*v ¾ emrfpm; trsK;d tpm;udk ajzyg/
uRerf ? ol? oif;? oif? ig? nnf;? rif;? ud, k ?f eif? usKy?f ½Si?f ud,k ?f wd?Yk ud,k af wmf? t½Sib
f &k m;? wynfah wmf/
3/ atmufyg emrfpm;toD;oD;\ ocsmF emrfpm; trsK;d tpm;udk azmfjyyg/
ajcmufc?k tenf;i,f? tm;vH;k ? oH;k csy?f xuf0uf? trsm;pk? trsm;? tcsKUd ? vH;k 0/
4/ ]ol} [laom emrfpm;udk a,musfm; ? rdef;r ? wd&pämef wdkYtpm; oHk;EdkifaMumif; om"ujyyg/
5/ ]tcsKdU ? bm ? rnfonfh ? ,if; ? tm;vHk; ? ESpfaumif ? 4if;} wdkYudk uGufvyfwGif qDavsmfatmifjznfhyg/ rnfonfh emrfpm;rsKd; ?
odrYk [kwf rnfonfh emr0daooe rsK;d tjzpf jznfo h nfukd 0duk u f iG ;f ü azmfjyyg/
(u) acgi;f aqmif jzpfcsi&f if ...................... usi0hf wfukd apmifx h ed ;f &rvJ/ ( )
( c ) uRJ ...................... cwf&m ajrpmyif rcHEikd /f ( )
( * ) ausmif;om; ...............twef;xJü Nird o f ufpmG xdik af eMuonf/ ( )
(C) ........................... onf Muifemoem;wwfonf/ ( )
( i ) .......................... um; ynm½dw S \
Ykd tqdt k rdewYf nf;/ ( )
( p ) .................................................. u 'l;&if;oD;udk rBudKufay/ ( )
(q) jrefrmEdik if w H iG f ....................... t&yfü rd;k trsm;qH;k ½Gmoenf;/ ( )
6/ emrfpm; (5) ckukd emrf0b d wfwpfcpk ED iS hf wGjJ yyg/
7/ rnfonf 0dbwfEiS w hf vJG Qif atmufyg emrfpm;wdüYk atmufjrpf xnfah vh½o Sd enf;/ om"ujyyg/
ig ? oif ? ½Sif ? eif ? ol
8/ ]wd}Yk udk ypön;f tjzpfvnf;aumif; ? emrfpm;tjzpfvnf;aumif; 0gusü oH;k jyyg/

emr0daooe
trsKd;tpm; tqifh
teuf zGJYpnf;yHk
- *kP&f nfjyemr0daooe - yifudk emr0daooe - omref
- tñTe;f emr0daooe - aygif;pyfemr0daooe - omvGef
- ocsmF emr0daooe - tomvGeqf ;kH
- tar;emr0daooe
twdrk wS /f / em0d 4 ? em0dav;/ *kPf? nTef;? oif? ar;? em0d 4 wGif.. a&wGuf? tpOf? yrmoif/ csmcsm em0d teufjrif/
yifyif..aygif;aygif;u zJGUyHk ESpfck& / em0d tqifh oHk;? ref? vGef? tomvGefqHk; /
vdk&if;oabm udk jyefvSefavhvmjcif;
1/ emrfukd txl;jyKwyhJ 'k u f kd emr0daooevdaYk c:w,f/ txl;jyKwhJ 0daooeeJY txl;jyKc&H wJh 0daoos (0daoo, vdzYk wf) wd[Yk m tNrJ
wGuJ yfNy;D aeavh½w Sd ,f/ (vdr®maom uav; ? orD; vdr®m ? b0 jrif)h
2/ *kPf&nfjyemr0daooeawG (aumif; ? vS ? nHh ? ydef ? Murf; ? yk ? cg;? eD) u 0daooejzpfaMumif; jrifomxifom½dSw,f/
xif½mS ;w,f/ ( tnTef;...? ocsFm...? tar;... awGu emrfudk txl;jyKwJhtcdkufrSmom emr0daooejzpfwmyg/ )
3/ aygi;f pyfemr0daooeqdw k m yifuo
kd abmt&jzpfwhJ em0dr[kwb f ;l / tenf;qH;k emr0daooeyk'f wpfcck &k ,f wjcm; emrfêm0d
wpfcck &k ,f zGUJ pnf;Ny;D jzpfvmwmyg/
(yg;pyfwdk ? rsufESmcsKd ? pdwfwdk ? ½kyfajzmifh? ajzmifhrwf? rdkuf½dkif;? nhhHzsif; ? us,fjyefY? 0ajymom,m? crf;em;vSy)
emr0daooetrsKdl;tpm;qdkif&m avhusifhcef;rsm;
1/ teuft"dygÜ ,tf & trsK;d tpm;cGyJ g/
tjcm;? ½Sm;yg;aom? ½dk;om;aom? av;aumif? wpfpHkwpf&m? aumif;? 'kwd,? b,f? oHk;? tvHk;pHk? rnfonfh? cg;/
2/ zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufyt
kH & trsK;d tpm;cGyJ g/
oefY½Sif;? aumif;? csKd? Murf;? El;nhHaysmhaysmif;? ZGJaumif;? aEG;? arT;? arSmifrdkuf? 0ajym? pdrf;vef;? vdr®m? cyfodrf;?
vwfqwf? &J&ifh? usOf;aom? xl;qef;aom? ,Ofaus;odrfarGU? nHhzsif;? us,fjyefY? ao;oG,f? rsufpdrGJ? owådaMumif?
½dk;om;? &ufpuf? arSmifrnf;/
3/ rnfonfh ocsmF emr0daooeenf;/
rsm;pGmaom? tBudrf 20 ajrmuf? ESpfck? (10) ESpfajrmuf? trSwf(3)? cyfodrf;/
4/ rnfonfh emr0daooetqifüh yg0ifoenf;/
tvSqHk;? om,maom? ydkíqef;opfaom? ½Sm;yg;aom? omí Murf;wrf;aom/
emr0daooeqdkif&modrSwfzG,f&mrsm;
1/ ]t ? rI ? jcif; } [laom ypönf;rsm;quf ----- *kP&f nfjyemrf/
2/ ESpBf urd x
f yf ^ ypön;f quf ^ um&efvu
kd f ----- Bud,m0daooe/
3/ aomônfh^rnfh em0dyk'fajymif;ypönf;wGJí ----- emrf ^ emrfpm;wdYk a½SUü xm;oH;k Edik /f

4/ emrf\ aemifwGifuyfí a½SUemrfudk txl;jyKyHk ----- vl,Ofaus;? tdrBf uD;? MumjzL
5/ Bud,mtcsKdU + aomônf^h rnfh ----- emr0daooe tjzpfo;kH Edik /f
6/ em0dtcsKdU + onf^\^rnf ... ponf ----- Bud,mtjzpf oH;k Edik /f
7/ emrf + em0d + emrf + em0d ----- Bud,m0daooetjzpfo;kH Edik /f (rsupf ad t;em;at;)
8/ emrf + emrf = aygif;pyfemrfü a½SUemrf odkYr[kwf aemufemrfonf 0daoos jzpfonf/ ( a&+tdk; = a&tdk; ç tdk; = 0daoos)
9/ ]u} 0dbwfygaom ae&mjyyk'Ef iS t hf csed jf yyk'?f ]ESi}hf 0dbwfygaom ,SOw f jJG yyk'?f ]\} 0dbwfygaom ydik q
f ikd jf cif;jyyk'w
f o
Ykd nf ,if;yk'w
f \Ykd
aemufwGif½dSaom emrfudk txl;jyKMuonf/ ( rsufrSefESifh ausmif;om;? ,refESpfu jyu©'def? ol\ udkudk? NrdKUu vl )
10/ tomvGeq f ;kH tqifeh m0dukd emrftjzpfvnf; oH;k Edik o f nf/ ( tvSqHk;onf rESif;qD/ twef;xJwGif olom tawmfq;kH /
11/ ]wpfa,muf? ESpaf umif? oH;k xnf}ponfh ocsmF jyyk'w f u Ykd kd ta&twGujf y ocsmF emrfpm;tjzpfvnf; oH;k Edik o f nf/
( emrfpm;odrw S zf ,
G f - 5 ) ( OD;jr\ orD;rsm;teuf wpfOD;rSm q&m0efjzpfonf/ )
12/ ]tcsKYd ? tm;vH;k ? tenf;i,f} ponfh ocsmF jyyk'w f u Ykd kd yrmPjy ocsmF emrfpm; tjzpfvnf; oH;k Edik o f nf/
( emrfpm;odrw S zf ,G f - 6 ) ( pyspfoD; tcsKdUrSm csKdonf / tcsKdUonf csOfonf/ )
13/ ]rnfonf? b,f? bm} ponfh tar;yk'w f u Ykd kd tar;emrfpm; tjzpfvnf; oH;k Edik o f nf/
( emrfpm;odrSwfzG,f - 4 ) ( rkefYrsKd;pHk½dS&m rnfonfh rkefYudk oifpm;rnfenf;/ rnfonfudk pm;vdk oenf; )
14/ ]þ ? xdk ? 4if; ? ,if; ? onf} wdu Yk kd tñTe;f emrfpm; tjzpfvnf; oH;k Edik o f nf/( emrfpm; odrSwfzG,f - 3 )
( ,if;w&m;um; udk,fcsif;pmw&m; .../ ,if;um; udk,fcsif;pm w&m;yif/ )
15/ ]rnfrQ ? b,favmuf} ponfh tar;yk'f wdu Yk kd tar; Bu, d m0daooetjzpfvnf; oH;k Edik o f nf/
( wpfaeYvQif a&udk b,favmuf aomufoenf;/ )
emr0daooe avhusifhcef;rsm;
1/ Nird ;f csr;f ? acsm? eD? oGuv
f uf? ajzmif?h yg;eyf? Murf; ? ½Snf toD;oD;udk t? rI? jcif; [laom ypön;f wpfcck Ek iS hf qufí *kP&f nfjyemrf
jzpfatmif zGUJ pnf;jyyg/
2/ yljyif;? aumif;? vSy? Murf; ? ½Tef;? pdrf;? jym toD;oD;udk ESpfBudrfxyfjcif;jzifhjzpfap? ]pGm? w& ? t-w? &½Gef; } ypönf;wpfckck
qufjcif;jzifhjzpfap? um&efvu kd jf cif;jzifjh zpfap Bu,
d m0daooejzpfatmif zGUJ pnf;jyyg/
3/ atmufyg emr0daooe toD;oD;udk ]aom? onf?h rnf}h ypön;f wpfcck Ek iS hf wGíJ emrfêmrfpm; wd\
Yk a½SUwiG x
f m;Ny;D 0gustoD;oD;ü
oHk;jyyg/jrifhrm;? usOf;ajrmif;? vdr®m ? ½dk;om;? ½Snfvsm;? pdrf;vef;/
4/ ]tcsKdU ? ,Ofaus; ? ESpfpif;? tm;vHk; } toD;oD;wdkY\ a½SUü qDavsmfaom emrfudk jznfhí 0gustoD;oD;ü oHk;jyyg/
5/ ]cg;? odraf rGU? Murf;wrf;? pdr;f vef;? oif;ysUH } [laom *kP&f nfjyyk'w
f u
Ykd kd 0gus toD;oD;ü (*kP&f nfjy) Bu,
d mtjzpf oH;k jyyg/
6/ ]qeftw d }f ? ]acG;bDv;l }? ]awm0uf}? ]anmifrw
k q
f w
d }f toD;oD;wdüYk rnfonfu emr0daooe? rnfonfu 0daoos jzpfaMumif;
cGjJ cm;jyyg/
7/ ]toGuv
f ufq;kH ? tvSq;kH ? ti,fq;kH }wdu
Yk kd emrftjzpfvnf;aumif;? emr0daooetjzpfvnf;aumif; 0gustoD;oD;wGif oH;k jyyg/
8/ ]ESpcf ?k tenf;i,f? bm? þ}toD;oD;udk emr0daooetjzpf vnf;aumif;? emrfpm;tjzpf vnf;aumif; 0gusü oH;k jyyg/
9/ atmufyg yk'ftoD;oD;udk emr0daooetjzpf vnf;aumif;? Bud,m0daooetjzpf vnf;aumif; 0gusü oHk;jyyg/
tb,frQavmuf ? rnfrQ ? b,favmu

Bud,m
trsK;d tpm;
teuft"dymÜ ,ft&(3)rsK;d zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufyt
kH & (3)rsK;d
D m jyKrv
-jyKjcif;jyBu, l yI ½f mS ;rIujkd ywJBh u,
d m oGm;? cJG? jzwf -yifudkBud,m upm;? oem;? uJh&JU? ½dkao? ylaZmf
-jzpfjcif;jyBud,m jzpfrt I ajctaeudjk ywJBh u, d m a&muf? uJG? jywf -*kP&f nfjyBu,d m ysi;f ^ cs^Kd vS^ om,m^ + onf^\..
-½Sdjcif;jyBkud,m ½Srd Î wnf½rdS u
I jkd ywJBh u,
d m ½S?d wnf½Sd -aygif;pyfBud,m vSyom,m + onf^\ ...
twdkrSwf&ef/ / jyK ?jzpf ? ½dS? aMumi;f / yif? *kPf? aygif; / oHk;rsKd;pD ½SdaMumif;/
*kP&f nfjyBu, d m = *kPf&nfjyyk'f + Bud,m0dbwf ( onf^ \ ^ NyD ... )
aygi;f pyfBu,
d m = yk'frsm; (oifhovdk aygif;) + Bud,m0dbwf ( onf^ \ ^ NyD ......)
( Bu+d Bu^d emrf+Bu^d em+em^ em+Bud ) ------- oGm;vmonf/ a&ul;onf/ csKq
d rd \
h f / edru
hf sonf/
Bud,mtrsKd;tpm;qdkif&mavhusifhcef;rsm;
1/ atmufygBu, d mtoD;oD;onf teuft"dygÜ ,t f & rnfonfBh u, d m jzpfoenf;/
½d?S qGwfa>c? wdu k cf wf? ESrd Ef iS ;f ? wnf½?Sd ajy;? ½du
k ?f avhusi?hf tdy?f upm;? ylaZmf? usu?f uG?J jyKw?f ypf? qif;&J? uJ&h UJ ? jzpf? uln?D
yGi?hf ½dS? pD;qif;? ysufpD;? zsufqD;? a&;om;? avhvm? zwf½I? Mum;od? rSwfom;/
2/ atmufygBud,mtoD;oD;onf zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufyt kH & rnfonfh Bu, d mjzpfoenf;/
cke?f Nird ahf nmif;? ajy;vTm;? pufcsKy?f ajzmifw h ef;? NyKd i?f crf;em;? tkycf sKy?f nDñw G ?f ausmaf pm? a[majym? pkaygi;f ? qef;Mu,f?
a&ul;? vsifjref? pdwfwdk? ajymqdk? a&mif;0,f? jyKjyif? Munfh½I? aES;? arSmifrdkuf/
Bud,mqdkif&modrSwfzG,frsm;
1/ tcsKUd aomBu,d mudk Bud,maxmufypönf;tjzpf toHk;jyKEdkifonf/ ( pm;Munfh../ ajymay;../ r Edkif./ cspfrd NyD/ usux
f m;.../ )
pm;oGm;onf/ ajymvdkufyg/ r xm;yg/ cspf wwfNyD/ usuf ypfvdkufjyefonf/ jrifrdonf/
d mtcsi;f csi;f ESpfckru
2/ Bu, uaygi;f pyfEikd o
f nf/
0if + xGuf + oGm; + vm onf/ <ua&muf + tm;ay; + csD;jr§ifhonf/
3/ trsm;jyBud,mypönf;wdu f nf/ ( Mu? ukef? Muukef udq
Yk kd jry§ íf vnf;oH;k Edik o k v
kd w
kd ,f )
olwdkY vmukefNyD.olwdkYvm(.....)NyD/ ausmif;om;rsm; upm;ae(......)onf/
4/ vkyif ef;wpfcNk y;D wpfck aqmif½u
G af Mumif;azmfjyvdak omtcg Bu,
d mESpcf u
k w
kd o
JG ;kH onf/
...ajy;zufonf/ ...armhMunfhonf/ ...oGm;,lonf/
5/ Bu,d mESpcf ?k odrYk [kwf Bu,
d mtjzpftoH;k jyKaom emr0daooe ESpcf k wd\
Yk Mum;ü vnf;? Nr?J om ponfyh pön;f wdu
Yk x
kd m;í
Bu,
d mtjzpf toH;k jyKEikd of nf/
ol vSvnf;vS? ,Ofvnf;,Ofonf/ olonf pmudk BudK;pm;NrJ BudK;pm;onf/ pm;ompm;yg rukefygapeJY/
6/ ]]jzpfonf}}[laom Bu,
d mjzifzh UJG aom0gusü &HcgwiG f ,if; ]jzpfonf} udk jrK§ yíf 0guszUJG wwfonf/
olonfum; ynm½dS( )wnf;/ ,if;um; ausmif;tkyfBuD; ( ) yif/

Bud,modrSwfzG,fqdkif&mavhusifhcef;rsm;
1/ atmufygBud,mtoD;oD;udk Bud,maxmufypönf;tjzpf 0gusü oHk;jyyg/ ( rSm;wwfMuvGef;vdkY txl;*½kjyk &r,f/ )
xm;? ypf? oGm;? oifh? rd? wwf? Edkif? ½Sm? &? ae? jyef? &pf? yg? aysmf/
2/ atmufygBu, d mwdrYk aS ygi;f pyfEikd af om Bu,d mwdu Yk kd aygi;f pyfí 0gusü oH;k jyyg/
qH;k r? owd&? oH;k oyf? oGeo f if? qifjcif? vGr;f qGwf /
3/ Mu? ukef? Muukef[laom trsm;jyBud,mypönf; toD;oD;udk 0gusü oHk;jyyg/
4/ vkyif ef; wpfcNk y;D wpfck aqmif½u G af Mumif; azmfjyonfBh u, d mESpcf w k JG rsm;jzifh 0guszUJG wwfatmif avhusiyhf g/
(csupf m;? xkwjf y? cyfaomuf .....)
5/ jzpfonf[al om Bu, d mjzifzh UJG aom0gusü ,if;Bu, d mrygbJ zGUJ Eikd yf ukH kd 0guso;kH ckjzifh om"ujyyg/
Bud,m0daooe
trsKd ;tpm; tqifh
teuft"dyÜm,ft& zJGUpnf;wnfaqmufyHkt& - omreftqifh
-tcsdefjyBud,m0daooe (tcsed u f mvudjk yjcif;jzifh Bu,
d mudk txl;jyKw,f) - ESpBf urd x f yf........ aumif;pGm
-trlt&mjyBu, d m0daooe (aqmif½u G yf kH trlt&mudk jyjcif;jzifh ....... ) - ypön;f quf......... - omvGeftqifh
-tajctaejyBu, d m0daooe (tajctaeudk jyjcif;jzifh .......... ) - um&efvu kd .f ....... ydkíaumif;pGm
-yrmPjyBud,m0daooe (rnfí rnfrQ yrmPudk ................ ) - tomvGeq f ;kH tqifh
-tar;Bu, d m0daooe (ar;jref;jcif;jzifh Bu, d mudk txl;jyKw,f ) rSwcf suf/ /aygif;pyfBud,m0daoe taumif;qH;k
twdrk wS /f / Bud,m0d..? Bud,m0d/ csdef? rl? ajc? rm? ar; ygbd/ five! xyfqufvdkuf? xyf quf vdkuf? ESpfBudrf? ypönf;? um&ef vdkuf /
(cPcsi;f ? ½kww
f &uf? rjywf) (w½dw
k ao?,k,,
k ,) ({uef?pifppf?onf;xefpmG ) (vH;k 0? rsm;rsm;? tqrwef) (b,favmuf? rnfuo
hJ )Ykd
ESpBf urd x
f yf = Bud ^ em0dudk ESpfBudrfxyf (cifcifrifrif? oGm;oGm;vmvm ^ jrefjref? crf;crf;em;em; )
ypönf;quf = pGm^ w^ t-w^ csn-f csn^f vdu k -f vduk .f .... ( av;pm;pGm? w0kef;0kef;? ? tvS? tavmwBuD; )
um&efvdkuf = Bud ^ em0d udk um&efwv l u kd f ( &-2vH;k ? w-2vH;k )...( pD..&&D? wG&J ½G?J ,dik w f ikd w
f ikd ^f jzLwlw?l at;aw;aw; )
( tdk;-um&ef ) .... ( rdk;wdk;rwfwyf? udk;½dk;um;&m;? udk;vdk;uefYvefY )
ud,m0daooe(trsKd;tpm;ESifhtqifh) avhusifhcef;rsm;
1/ teuft"dymÜ ,ft& rnfonfBh u, d m0daooejzpfoenf;/
,Ofaus;pGm? jyif;xefpmG ? rsm;pGm? tb,frQ? cP? cyfwnfwnf? ,dik w f ikd w
f ikd ?f wnDwñGw?f ,k,, k ,? aemufaemif? uacsmu f cRw?f
tpOf? rnfrQ? oyfoyf&yf&yf? tuke?f trSe?f w&Murf;? yrmrcef?Y wdwu d sus/
2/ zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufyt kH & trsK;d tpm;azmfjyyg/
cifcifrifrif? qifqifjcifjcif? w½dak o? tvS? w'ke;f 'ke;f ? wa½GUa½GU? ,k,, k ,? vSypGm? tNy;D ? w&Murf;? vSvyS y? yd;k pd;k yufpuf?
trSe?f ,dik w
f ikd w
f ikd ?f r0w0? wufvu kd qf if;vdu
k ?f A&ysp?f ylvu kd af t;vdu k ?f 0ifcsnx f u G cf sn?f wG&J ½G?J rd;k wd;k rwfwyf? usKUH &½HUk /
3/ ]omícifrifpmG ? taysm½f iT q
f ;kH ? nDnmpGm} toD;oD;onf rnfonfUBu,
d m0daooetqifüh yg0ifoenf;/

Bud
u, d m0daooeqdkif&modrSwfzG,f&mrsm; Bud,m0daooe(odrSwfzG,f)avhusifhcef;rsm;
1/ emrftcsi;f csi;f ^ emrfEiS ehf m0d^ Bu,
d mtcsi;f csi;f aygi;f =Bu0d d 1/ rnfonfyh 'k rf sm;yg0ifoenf;/
(u)ajc+tqH;k ?acgi;f +tqH;k =ajcqH;k acgi;f qH;k (Munfo h nf/) ( ajr§mufxdk;yifhaumf? ar;xl;ac:ajym? ckefaygufajy;vTm;?
( c ) pdw+f jref+vuf+jref =pdwjf refvufjref(jyKwwfonf) a&qH;k a&zsm; tm;BuKd ;rmefwuf )
( * ) tm;& + 0rf;om =tm;&0rf;om (BudKqdkonf/) 2/ 0guswiG Bf u0d t d jzpfo;kH jyyg/
d m^vH;k csi;f emr0daooea½SU +]t}ypön;f = Bu0d d
2/ vH;k csi;f Bu, ( trd? tjrif?h tvGw?f txl;? ta&muf? tpm;? tvS? t& )
t & (,lonf)/ t vS (Munfhonf)/ t ESHU(vnfonf)
3/ 0guswGif Bud0dtjzpfoHk;jyyg/
( awmifpOfa&r&? us;D uef;awmif;arSmuf? ajcarG;rD;ravmif
3/ qdk½dk;pum;tcsKdU --- Bud 0d vufarG;rD;ravmif? cGux f ;kd cGuv
f ef )
ca&aphwGif;us (odonf)/ qifuef;awmwdk; (vkyfonf/)
4/ aygi;f pyfy'k f toD;oD;ü rnfonfyh 'k rf sm; ygoenf;/ Bu0d t d jzpf
4/ rd - &m [laomypön;f ESihf awG;? ai;? xif? ajym ponfh 0guswpfckpDwGif oHk;jyyg/
tcsKd U B ud , mwd k Y u d k aygif ; pyf í Bud , m0d a ooetjzpf ( arsmufu? rkq;kd xdik ?f ud, k af wGU? vufa&muf? ajcu? pmod?
toH;k jyKEikd o
f nf/ a&;ajz? EIwaf jz? ul;usu?f a&;usuf )
awG; + rd - &m - awG;rdawG;&m (awG;onf/) 5/ ]ceJ} [laom ypönf;qufí Bud0dtjzpftoHk;jyyg/
5/ tcsKUd aomemrf + Bu,
d m ................... Bud 0d oHk;Edkif ( at;? vuf? Ake;f ? a0g )
tanmif;ajy (avQmufonf)/ vufawGU (oifjyonf)/ 6/ ]td r f ? ausmif ; ? &yf u G u f ? taumif ? toif ; } ponf h
emrftoD;oD;udk vdkuf(odkYr[kwf)tvdkuf ypönf;wpfck
6/ emr0daooe^toHjyyk'^f + ceJ Bud0d tjzpf/
ckESifhqufí 0guswpfckpDü oHk;jyyg/
yl + ceJ ( jzpfonf )/ 0kef; + ceJ ( jrnffonf/ )
7/ vdktyfaompum;vHk;ü atmufjrpfxnfhí 0guswpfckpDü
7/ oH½SnfBud,môH½Snf em0d + r-w ypönf; = Bud0d
oH;k jyyg/
( oH½Snfudk oHwdkjzpfatmif atmufjrpfxnfh&onf/ )
( rvHw k vH?k rcdik w
f cdik ?f rxifwxif? rarSmifwarSmif )
,Hk + r - w = r,HkUw,Hk.../ Edkif+ r - w =
rEdkifhwEdkif../ 8/ tar; Bu0d t d jzpf^ tar;em0dtjzpf 0gus wpfcpk üD oH;k jyyg/
8/ (u) pmudk rnfrQ BudK;pm;oenf;/ tar;Bud,m0daooe ( b,favmuf? b,frQ? rnfrQ/ )
( c ) ausmif;om; rnfrQ ½dSoenf;/ tar;emr0daooe 9/ atmufygBu, d mtoD;oD;udk ESpBf urd x f yfí Bu0d t d jzpf 0gusü
oH;k yg/
9/ pum;vH;k wpfv;kH yg tcsKUd Bu,
d m .......... ESpBf urd x
f yf Bu0d t
d jzpf/
( acsmif;? iHUk ? oGm;? xdik ?f 0if? vm? tdyf )
armh / / olonf aumif;uifudk armh armh
Munfo
h nf/ 10/Bu, d m0daooetjzpf(odrYk [kw)f emrftjzpf oH;k jyyg/ (
ti,fq;kH ? teD;qH;k ? tvSq;kH ? tjrifq h ;kH ? tcg;qH;k )
10/ tomvGefqHk;tqifh = Bud0d ^ emrf ^ em0d
11/ Bud,m0daooetjzpf 0guswpfckpDü oHk;jyyg/
tjrefq;kH a&muf / tm;vH;k wGit
f oGuv
f ufq;kH jzpf/
teD;qH;k c&D;/ ( xm0pOf? tvGe?f ',dr;f ',dik ?f vdu I v f pJS mG )

0dbwf
emrf0dbwf ( 17 ) rsdK; Bud,m0dbwf ( 2 ) rsK;d
umvjyBud,m0dbwf trsK;d tpm;jyBu,
d m0dbwf
- uwåm;0dbwf - onf? u ? rSm / - ypöKyÜefumvjyBud,m0dbwf - apckid ;f 0dbwf
- uH0b d wf - udk / ( onf ? \ ? NyD ) ( avmh )
- xGufcGg&mjy0dbwf - rS? u / - twdwu f mvjyBu, d m0dbwf - nSEd iId ;f 0dbwf
- a½S;½I&mjy0dbwf - odYk / ( onf ? \ ? NyD ) ( pdkY ? &atmif )
- qdu k af &muf&mjy0dbwf- odUk ? xd? txd? xdatmif? wdik af tmif/ - tem*wfumvjyBu, d m0dbwf - qEńTef0dbwf
- toH;k cHjy0dbwf - jzifh ? ESifh / ( rnf? vdrrhf nf? tH?h vwåUH ) ( ygap? yg&ap.... )
- taMumif;jy0dbwf - aMumif?h jzifh / - trdecYf s0b d wf
- vufcjH y0dbwf - tm; / ( ap )
- ae&mjy0dbwf - ü? rSm? wGi?f 0,f? u /
- tcsed jf y0dbwf - ü? rSm? wGi?f 0,f? u /
- ydik qf ikd jf cif;jy0dbwf -\/
- vdkufavsmjy0dbwf - tvdu k ?f t&? tavsmuf? twdik ;f ?
tm;avsmfpGm? ESifhtnD? ESifhtrQ /
- ,SOw f jJG y0dbwf - ES i f h ? ESifhtwl /
- cGx
J w k &f mjy0dbwf - wGi?f teuf? txJr?S txJrmS /
- &nfp;l csujf y0dbwf - iSm? tvdiYk mS ? zd?Yk tzdUk ? twGuf /
- ae&mqufwu kd jf y0dbwf - wdik w f ikd ?f wdik af tmif /
- tcsed q f ufwu kd jf y0dbwf - wdik w f ikd ?f wdik af tmif? ywfv;kH ? vH;k vH;k /
twdkrSwf/ / emrf0dbwf? emrf0dbwf../ emrf0dbwfu b,favmufrsm;sm;..../ 17 rsKd;yGm//

uwåm;?? uH? xGuf? a½S;½Ivsuf? qdkufa&muf? oHk;cH? taMumif;jyef?
vufcH? ae&m? tcsdefrSm? ydkifqdkiof lu? vdkufavsmyg? ,SOf? cJG? &nfvsuf? ae? csddef - quf /
Bud,m0dbwf b,fESrsKd; ? two wGif three & four /
ThreeumvH? ypö K yÜ ef ? onf ? \ ? NyD ? udk twd wfjyef/
rnf? vdrfhrnf? tHh? vwåHU tem*w tem*wf oD;oefY /
Four ..zdk; zdk;? trsdK;tpm;jy ? apcdkif;& ? nSdEIdif;Mu ? qE´? trdefUcs? /
emrf0dbwf toHk;jyKyHkqdkif&m jyefvSefavhvmcsufrsm;

1/ atmufyg0guswdkYü ( jyK? jzpf? ½dS )ol^wwfaomt&mudk rnfonfh0dbwfrsm;u jyoenf;/ avhvmyg/
(u) pmtkypf mayonf vlrY w d af qGjzpfonf/
( c ) Asn;f EGUJ u Anm;EGUJ ukd pdraf c:onf/
( * ) þwynfhrsm; pmBudK;pm;Muonf/ tcsKdUrSmtm;upm; avhusifh onf/
2/ txuf 1/(c)0gusü jyKvyk jf cif;cH&olâomt&mudjk yonf]h ]ud}k }onf uH0b
d wfjzpfonf/

3/ xGufcGg&mjy0dbwf? a½S;½I&m jy0dbwf? qdkufa&muf&mjy (C) tcsKUd aom yef;rsm;onf wpfEpS yf wfv;kH yGio
hf nf/
0dbwfrsm; - ( i ) olonf (7)&ufvHk;vHk; zsm;aecJhonf/
(u) tdrfrS ausmif;txd vrf;avQmufonf/ ( p ) olonf n (10)em&Dwikd af tmif pmzwfavh½dSonf/
( c ) oabFmonf qdyu f rf;u cGmNyD/
( * ) a&aiGUwoYkd nf txufodkY wufuek \ f / 0dbwfqdkif&m odrSwfzG,f
(C) c&D;qH;k odkY a&mufaomf tvGefaysmfMu\/ 1/ ]u? od?Yk rSm? jzif?h ESi?hf ü? wGi?f 0,f? wdik w f ikd ?f wdik af tmif}
( i ) oef;acgi, f HoYkd a&mufNy/D ponfh emrf0dbwfwdkYonf 0guswGif toHk;udkvdkufí
( p ) awmifajcwdik af tmifavQmufíanmif;nmaeonf/ trsKd;tpm; uGJjym;oGm;onf/
(q) olwcYkd &D;0uf xdatmif pufb;D jzifo h mG ;onf/ 2/ ]onf? udk? u} ponfh tcsKdUaomemrf0dbwfwdkYudk 0gusü
4/ toH;k cHjy0dbwf? taMumif;jy0dbwf? vufcjH y0dbwfrsm; - wpfcgwpf&H jrK§ yíf oH;k Edik o f nf/
(u) rD;&xm;jzifo h mG ;\/ "g;jzifv
h ;DS onf/ csed cf iG Ef iS chf sed o
f nf/ 3/ ]]ESi}hf }0dbwfygaom toH;k cHjyyk'u f kd qdv
k o
kd nft h "dygÜ ,t f jyif
( c ) rd;k aMumifah wmifNyKd onf/ OD;0 ESvHk;a&m*gjzifh tjcm; t"dygÜ ,w f pfrsK;d rsK;d rjzpfay:ap&ef (Bu, d mta½SUüxm;í
uG,vf eG \f / oH;k avh½o Sd nf/
( * ) aq;udk vlemtm; ay;onf/ om;tm; rkeUfz;kd ay;yg/ ( rsufrsefESifh Bunfh )? ( wkwfaumufESifh ½dkuf )
5/ ae&mjy? tcsed jf y? ydik q
f ikd jf cif;jy0dbwfrsm; - 4/ Bud , m0d b wf ] ]onf ? NyD ? rnf } }wd k Y o nf tcsKd U a om
(u) &efuek frmS aeonf/ vrf;xdyu f apmifyh g/ tar;ypön;f wpfcck k ESihf wGíJ oH;k aomtcg ]]o^y^r^rSm}} wdo Yk Ykd
( c ) t½kPw f ufrmS qGr;f uyfonf/ raeYu zdwx f m;\/ ajymif;wwfonf/
( * ) uRefawmf ol\pmtkyfudk iSm;onf/ olYpmtkyfudk 5/ em0dudk Bud,mtjzpfoHk;aomtcg Bud,m0dbwfwpfckckESifh
iSm;onf/ wG&J \/
6/ vduk af vsmjy? ,SOw f jJG y? cGx
J w
k jf y 0dbwfrsm; - vS^ aumif;^ ,Ofaus; = vSonf^ acsmonf^ ,Ofaus;\
(u) pnf;urf;t& ta&;,lrnf/ w&m;ESihftnD 6/ umvjyBud , m0d b wf w d k Y o nf Bud , m\umvud k j yMu
tkycf sKyo f nf/ onfq&kd mü 0gusüyg0ifaomtcsed jf yyk'Ef iS hf 0gus\qdv k o kd nfh
( c ) om"ursm;ESiw hf uG ½Si;f jyygonf/ em,u*kPEf iS hf t"dygÜ ,w f u Ykd kd vdu
k íf umvudjk yjcif;jzpfonf/
jynfph okH nf/ (&xm;0ifvm NyD ? oloGm; Ny)D
( * ) &wemwdw kY iG f pdeof nf trmqH;k / tm;vH;k txJrS 7/ ]onf?\} ypöKyÜefoHk; Bud,m0dbwfwdkYudk jzpfavhjyKavh?
oluY akd ½G;\/ jzpfNrw
J &m; wdUk ukd jy&müvnf;oH;k \/
7/ &nfpl;csufjy0dbwf- 8/ apcdik ;f jcif;udjk yonfBh u,
d m0dbwf -
(u) A[kow k &apjcif;iSm oGm;a&mufavhvmonf/ oifwYkd ,ckupí pmudo k musurf w
S Mf uavmh/
( c ) A[kow k tvdUk imS c&D;xGuaf vhvmonf/ 9/ aqmif½u
G o
f t
l csi;f csi;f ñdE§ iId ;f jcif;udjk yonfh Bu,
d m0dbwf-
( * ) twef;rSerf eS w
f ufow l Ykd tzdUk pmrcufyg/ apmapmxMu pdYk / pkaygif;pmusufMu&atmif/
8/ ae&mqufwu kd jf y? tcsed q f ufwu kd jf y 0dbwf- 10/ qE´ñeT 0f b d wfonf cGiahf wmif;jcif;? yefMum;jcif;? qkawmif;
(u) pufb;D jzifh rdik (f 50)wdik w f ikd f oGm;cJhonf/ arwåm ydo Yk jcif;? used q
f jJ cif; (tvdq
k E´)wdu
Yk kd azmfjyonf/
( c ) NrKd Uv,frS NrKd Ujyifacsmif;wdik af tmif a&Ekwaf jrmif; yef;vdak rT;ygap/ t&darwå,sb&k m;udk rzl;awGU&ap/
wl;Muonf/
11/ trdeaYf y;jcif;udk azmfjyonfh Bu,d m0dbwf-
( * ) xdkaeYu bwfpfum;udk wpfem&Dwdkifwdkif apmifhcJh
wpfEpS tf wGi;f aumif;rGepf mG ae ap/ Burd 'f Pf ig;q,f uscH
&onf/
ap/
0dbwfavhusifhcef;rsm; jznfhpGufavhusifhcef;
1/ ]]u? wdik w f ikd ?f jzif?h rSm}} wdo Yk nf rnfonfeh mrf0b d wfrsm; atmufyg0gusrsm;ü emrf0b d wftoD;oD;udk qDavsmaf tmifjznfyh g
jzpfoenf;/ jznfah om0dbwfonf rnfonfeh mrf0b d wfjzpfaMumif; 0du k u
f iG ;f ü
2/ umvjyBu, d m0dbwfrsm;udk trsK;d tpm;tvdu k f azmfjyyg/ xnfo h iG ;f jyyg/
3/ trsK;d tpm;jyBu, d m0dbwfwu Ykd kd cGjJ cm;jyyg/ 1/ vl --- ouf½dSowå0gwdkYwGif todÓPft½dSqHk;jzpfonf/
4/ atmufygemrf0b d wftoD;oD;udk 0gusü qDavsmaf tmifjznfyh g/ ( )
jznf h a om0d b wf o nf rnf o nf h e mrf 0 d b wf j zpf a Mumif ; 2/ pyspfoD;tcsKdUonf csOfonf/ tcsKdU --- csKdonf/ ( )
0duk u f iG ;f ü xnfo h iG ;f jyyg/ 3/ wynfhwdkYu q&m --- uefawmhMuonf/ ( )
wdik af tmif? od?Yk ESi?hf wGi?f ESi/hf 4/ csmvDonf tdrf --- ausmif;txd vrf;avQmuf\/( )
(u) opfckwform;wdkYonf opfyifudk vT ----jzwfMu
onf/ 5/ þjrpfonf awmifraS jrmuf -- pD;qif;onf/ ( )
( ) 6/ OMowGefoHudk aEGOD; ---- Mum;&onf/ ( )
( c ) ausmufrsuf&wemwdkY ---- pdefonf trmqHk; 7/ OD;ÓmPfu orD;csppf k -- rkezYf ;kd ay;onf/ ( )
jzpfonf/ 8/ ZGefvrSatmufwdkbm -- onf rdk;umvjzpfonf/ ( )
( ) 9/ atmifausmf --- pmtkyfudk odef;atmifu iSm;onf/( )
( * ) rEÅav;tqef &xm;onf yJcl;blwm---acwå
&yfonf/ 10/ olonf apwem--- tusKd;cHpm;&onf/ ( )
( ) 11/ tdreG o f nf [J[;kd odYk av,mOf---oGm;onf/ ( )
(C) uReaf wmfwo Ykd nf n(6)em&Dü tdrf --- jyefa&muf\/ 12/ yGiyhf iG o hf nf use;f rma&;---tajy;avhusio hf nf/ ( )
( ) 13/ q&mBu;D onf em,u*kP-f ---tkycf sKyo f nf/ ( )
( i ) rsuf r S e f --- vl B uD ; onf pum;ajymtvG e f 14/ iSufwdkY -- a'gif;onf usufoa&t½dSqHk;jzpf\/ ( )
aumif;onf/
( ) 15/ zm;u a>rudk rsKd onfo h wif;udk "gwyf kH --- azmfjyxm;onf/
( p ) aZmfaZmfonf n(11)em&D ---- pmzwfavh½o Sd nf/ ( )
( ) 16/ wdpämeftcsKUd onf obm0------a&ul;wwf\/ ( )
5/ atmuf y g0gustoD ; oD ; ü wpf c gwpf & H j r§ K yf o H k ; Ed k i f o nf h 17/ ausmif;cef;r ---- ausmif;om;rsm;pka0;aeMuNyD/( )
emrf0b d wfwu Ykd kd jrK§ yNf y;D 0gusjyefa&;yg/ 18/ rcdkifonf n(11)em&D --- pmzwfavh½dSonf/ ( )
(u) vonf omonf/ 19/ olonf rdk;vif; --- pmzwfojzifh acgif;rl;ae\/ ( )
(c ) yxrqkudk olucsnf; ESpfpOf&ygonf/ 20/ xdkaeYu rdkif(20)---- ajcvsifavQmufcJh&onf/ ( )
( * ) uRerf onf eHeufwikd ;f yef;udck ;l onf/ 21/ uRefawmfonf rdb ----- aeonf/ ( )
(C) onf;cHjcif;onfomvQif oift h wGut f m;ud;k &m jzpf\/ 22/ AE¨Kvonf ppfolBuD;t*Fg ---- jynfhpHkonf/ ( )
6/ toH;k cHjzpfaMumif;azmfjyvdo k nft h cgwiG f ]]ESi}hf } 0dbwfygaom 23/ trsK;d om;pmay wnfwchH ikd rf ma&;----- jrefrmpmtzGUJ u
toHk;cH jyyk'fudk 0guswGif rnfonfhae&mwGif xm;avh BudK;yrf;aqmif½Gufonf/ ( )
½do
S enf;/ om"u 0gusEpS cf jk yyg/ 24/ nDrav; ----- t½kyf 0,fvmw,f/ ( )
7/ atmufygBu, d mtoD;oD;½dS 0dbwfukd tar;ypön;f vm;? vJ? 25/ ausmif;olrsm; ----- rrdkrdkudkonf tawmfqHk;/ ( )
wHk;? enf;? vdkYvJ wpfckckESifh wGJíoHk;jyyg/ toGifajymif; 26/ &efukef ---- vmonf/ ( )
vJoGm;onfh Bud,m0dbwfudk rsOf;om;yg/ 27/ &efukef ---- oGm;rnf/ ( )
(u) ajymonf/(c) qmNy/D (*) vmrnf/(C) upm;onf/ 28/ &efukef ---- aernf/ ( )
(i) a&mufrnf/ 29/ &efukef ---- a&mufrnf/ ( )

orÁE¨ twdrk wS /f / orÁE?¨ orÁE?¨ qufpyfyHkt& orÁE¨ ?
qufpyfyHkt&(3)rsKd; teuft"dyÜg,ft&(11)rsKd;
-teuf yk ' f 0uf "d y Ü m ,,f rSwfvdkufy
ESifh ? í ? xdkUaMumifh om"ujy /
- yk'fquforÁE¨ - qefYusifjy teuf teuf q,hfwpfrsKd;ay;/
ESifh? odkYr[kwf? rSwpfyg;? odkU&mwGif? aomfvnf;? apumrl? qefY ? csdef ? usdK;? aBumif; / EdIif;EIdif; ? aygif; ? a½G; /
jzpfap ...jzpfap? r...bJvsu?f vsuEf iS .hf ../ uefYowf uefYowf ?NydKif ? NyD; ? a&;/
vnf;aumif;... vnf;aumif;/ yk'ftcsif;csif;qufpyfay;yHkrsm;
a&m..yg? a&m..a&m? - tcsed jf y (1) rdbESiq hf &mudk ½dak oyg/
jzpfjzpf..jzpfjzpf? ../ ESifhwpfNydKifeuf? rSpí? wdkif?wdkif;?
r...rD? r..rD? orQ? wkef;../ (2) armifbESiu hf Reaf wmf vkyt f m;ay;Muonf/
(3) olonfvnf;aumif;? uREkfyfonfvnf;aumif; tpGrf;
- tusK;d arQmjf y ½So
d nfyif/
- 0gusquforÁE¨ atmifzdkY?&ef? apjcif;iSm? &eftvdkYiSm.. (4) acsmif;om odrYk [kwf iyvDoo Ykd mG ;rnf/
ESifhwpfNydKifeuf? vQif? pOf? vsuf (5) pHyg,yf ef;jzpfap? ESif;qDyef;jzpfap 0,fvmyg/
ouJhodkY? í? ap&ef? rS? u? um (6) bdkbkd rSwpfyg; tm;vH;k *kPx f ;l ESihf atmifjrifonf/
aomtcg? ywfvHk;? twGif;? - taMumif;jy
í? ESifh? aomaMumifh? ojzifh.../ (ayg i f ; pnf ; teuf ? wpf c k r [k w f w pf ckteuf? uefYowfrJhteuf?
xuf?enf;wl? oavmuf? &ef
uefo Y wfteuf wdjYk zifh yk't f csi;f csi;f qufpyfay;Muonf/)
twdkif;? atmif? tHhaomiSm
twGuf? aomf? aomaMumifh? - EdiI ;f ,SOjf y 0gusquforÁE¨rsm;udkvnf; avhvmyg/
&um;? onfhtwGuf? ojzifh? í ouJhodkY? ovdk? xuf.../ (1) udak yGvo D nf acsmif;udyk pf í jrpfudk ½Smavonf/
NyD;? vsufum? wkef;? bJ (2) oDt&kd u D kd ydik f ojzifh oifcef;pmudk Edkifonf/
aomfvnf;? bJESifh? &if;? - aygi;f pnf;jy (3) a&tdk;udk½Guf vsu^f um^Ny;D NrKd Uxo J Ykd 0ifvmonf/
bJvsufESifh? apumrl .../ ESi?hf vnf;..vnf;? tjyif..vnf;?
omru..vnf;/ (4) av;jzifyh pfvu kd f pOf^wkef; orifu xGuaf jy;vm\/
(5) tusK;d udck pH m;vdk vQif taMumif;udk jyKvkyf&rnf/
- a½G;cs,jf y (6) a&MuyfMuyfa&mif;Edik frS ajymif;qefudk ukyfrdr,f/
- t"dymÜ ,fquf odkUr[kwf/ (7) csuaf umif;BuKH u tdraf ½SUrif; jzpfvrd rhf ,f/
xdkYaMumifh? odkYjzpfí? xdkYaemuf (8) c&D;qH;k aomf yef;wdik af &mufrnf/
odkYjzpfaomaMumifh
- uefo Y wfcsujf y (9) q&mro½kyfjyonfh twdkif; oifwef;olrsm; vdkufu
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
vQif? rS? u../ Muonf/
taMumif;rSmum;
taMumif;aomfum;? (10) armifarmifBuKd ;pm; ouJhodkY aZmfAvvnf;BudK;pm;onf/
xkdYjyif? 4if;jyif? onfhjyif? - uefo Y wfrjhJ y (11) a0,Hpm;onf xuf rd;k [de;f u ydpk m;onf/
jzpfap.......jzpfap? (12) vif;w vSoavmuf awmh iSuw f ikd ;f vSonf/
4if;aemuf?onfhaemuf? aomfvnf;aumif;...aomfvnf;aumif;?
odkY&mwGif?odkYwap? jzpfap.......r.... jzpfap../ (13) toHt;kd odUka&mufonf ESiw hf pfNyKd ief uf rlvoHjzpf oGm;onf/
odkYayrifh? (14) rd;k &moDa&mufonft h cg xGeaf &;jyifMuonf/
odkYjzpfapumrl? - wpfNyKd ief ufjy (15) pmoif a e pOf pum;raj ym&yg/
odkYaomfvnf;? vsuf? um? &if; ..../ (16) pmar;yGaJ tmif ap&ef oifcef;pmrsm;udk ausnuf&rnf/
xdktcg ..../ (17) pm&dwaå jzmifrh eS Bf uUH cikd af &; twGuf ausmif;u ysK;d axmif\/
- wpfcNk y;D wpfcjk y (18) oltjrefajy;oGm;aomfvnf; rD;&xm;rrDvu kd yf g/
um? í .../ (19) rD;&xm;rrDvu kd f apumrl av,mOfvufrw S &f cJo
h nf/
t"dyÜm,fquforÁE¨\ qufpyfay;yHkrsm; (20) aMumifonf AD½u kd u kd ,
G fvsuf <uufuakd csmif;aeonf/
(1)cspEf iS ;f OD;oabmaumif;onf/ xdaYk Mumifh olUuckd spcf if Muonf/ ( )
(2)ol yxr r&Edik /f taMumif;rSmrl upm;rufaomaMumifh jzpf\/ (21) rd;k onf tke;f tke;f jrnf vsuf onf;xefpmG ½Gmaeonf/
(3)qkreG o f nf ocsmF wGuof nf/ onfah emuf jrefrmpm usurf w S \f / ( )
(4)ar&Donf pdwx f m;aumif;onf/ xdjYk yif ulnw D wfonf/ (22) tcsKUd rmS tvkyvf yk &f if; ynm½SmMuonf/ ( )
(5)pE´monf ausmif;ysufwwfonf/ od&Yk mwGif pmBudK;pm;onf/ (23) v,form;BuD;rSm oDcsif;qdk&if; v,fxGefae\/ ( )
(6)waygi;f va&mufNy/D xdt k cg o&zDyef;wdYk yGiv
hf ef;rnf/ (24) rDro D nf AD½u
kd zkd iG íhf qkwq H yd u
f ,
kd o
l nf/ ( )
(25) aeonf ta½SUrx S u G fum taemufo0Ykd ifonf/
rnfonfhenf;jzifhqufpyfonfjzpfapteuf teuft"dyÜg,ft&(11)rsKd;
( )
cGJjcm;Edkifonf/ atmufyg0gusrsm;udkavhvmyg/
(1) rd;k csKe;f onf/ od&Yk mwGif ^ odaYk omf rdk;r½Gmay/ ( )
orÁE¨qdkif&modrSwfzG,frsm;
(2) rdrk u kd nf r qm bJvsuf rkefYudkpm;onf/
kd o ( )
1/ ] í ? u ? ESifh} wdkY toHk;udkvdkufí orÁEüGJyHk -
(3) 'D*&D&NyD; jzpfvifu h pm; jrefrmpmruRrf;ay/ ( )
- olauR;í uRefawmfpm;onf/ (taMumif;jyorÁE¨)
(4) xd&k ufu eHeuf(3)em&D xd;k onfhwikd f olrtdyaf o;/
- vlq;kd udzk rf;í pcef;odaYk c:omG ;onf/ (wpfcNk y;D wpfcjk yorÁE)¨
( )
- rwfva&mufu pmar;yGJajz&rnf/ (tcsdefjyorÁE¨)
(5) 0if;vJhjzLonf pmar;yGJrNy;D rcsi;f ½kyf½SifrMunfhyg/ ( )
f yd u
- tcsed rf eS t f OD;aESmufrysuEf ikd /f (uefo
Y wfcsujf yorÁE)¨
(6) vomwkef; Adkif;iif&onf/ ( )
- rd;k ½GmonfEiS hf opfyifrsm; vef;qef;vm\/ (taMumif;jyorÁE)¨
(7) arrGeo f nf arG;aeYa&muf wdkif; ukov kd jf yKavh½o Sd nf/
- a& ESifh Mumonf yeH&onf/ (aygif;pnf;jyorÁE¨)
( )
(8) om;aumifukd ypftahH omuiSm vifph ifay:u apmifyh g/ ( ) 2/ 0gusquforÁEE¨ iS ehf mrf0b
d wf toH;k udv
k u
kd íf uGjJ ym;yH-k
(9)a0g[m&wG i f t rS w f j ynf h &pd r f h a omiS m cuf q pf r sm;ud k - oabFmonf qdyfurf;u cGgNyD/ (xGufcGg&mjyemrf0dbwf)
tydkifusufMu onf/ ( ) S rf &ygu um;jzifo
- &xm;vufrw h mG ;rnf/ (0gusquforÁE)¨
(10) pd w f u sef ; rmjcif ; ES i f hj ynf h p H k z d k Y &opmayaumif ; rsm;ud k
zwfMuonf/ ( ) - jrpfBu;D rsm;teuf þjrpfonft½Snq f ;kH jzpfonf/ (emrf0b d wf)
(11) ]]eif ½Si;f jy vdkY? igwGufwwfoGm;NyD/}} ( ) S nft
- jrpfBu;D rsm;½do h euf xdjk rpfonft½Snq f ;kH jzpf\/ (orÁE)¨
(12) a& ESifh Mumonf vGefpGmyeH&onf/ ( ) - taronfnaD v;zdYk rkefY0,fvmonf/ (emrf0dbwf)
(13) aucdik f omru ZdEk v kd nf; use;f rmBuUH cikd o f nf/ ( ) - tawG;tac:&ifo
h efzYkd pmrsm;rsm;zwfoifhonf/ (orÁE¨)
(14) trwfwed rf mS ESv;kH &nf omr[kwf vuf½;kH &nfvnf;½do S nf/ - wynfrh sm;atmifjrifonfth wGuf q&m0rf;omonf/ (orÁE)¨
( )
- wdik ;f jynftwGuf us&mwm0efux
kd rf;aqmifMurnf/ (emrf0b
d wf)
(15) ausmif;ydw&f ufwiG f rke[ Yf if;cg; odrYk [kwf MumZH[if;cg;
csufpm; rnf/ ( ) - jrpfBu;D em;wdik af tmif c&D;qufygrnf/ (emrf0dbwf)
(16) pmpDu;kH ü (8)rSwEf iS t hf xuf&rS *kPx f ;l &Edik o
f nf/( ) - ola&mufonfhwikd af tmif uRefawmfapmifhaernf/ (orÁE¨)
(17) ar;onft h wdik ;f ajzEdik f vQif trSwaf umif;&Edik o f nf/ - acG;udk wkwfESifh r½G,fygESifh/ (emrf0dbwf)
( ) - rd;k ½GmonfESifh xGefa&;jyifukef\/ (orÁE¨)
(18) pnf;urf;ysuf u ta&;,ljcif;cH&rnf/ ( )
- acG;udk wkwfjzifh r½G,foifh/ (emrf0dbwf)
(19) rdk;½Gmonfjzpfap? r½Gmonfjzpfap rdk;oD&dausmif;rysuf/
- olvmonfudk uREykf jf rifonf/ (orÁE)¨
( )
rSwcf suf em;vnfrIESifhuRrf;usifrIqdkif&mavhusifhcef;rsm;
1/ 0gustcsif;csif;udk qufpyfay;aompum;vHk;onf 0gusquf orÁE¨/ 1/(u) atmufygorÁEt ¨ oD;oD;onf qufpyfyt
kH & rnfonfo
h rÁE¨
2/ emrf emrfpm;wdkY\ aemufüwnfí 4if;wdkYudk a0zefydkif;jcm;jy jzpfoenf;/
onfhpum;vHk;onf emrf0dbwf/ ESifh? xdkYjyif? ouJhodkY? í
3/ qufpyfyHk? qufpyfenf;t& yk'f?0uf?t"dyÜg,f[k oHk;rsKd;½dSonfudk ( c ) atmufygorÁEt ¨ oD;oD;onf teuft"dygÜ ,tf & rnfonfh
teuft"dyÜm,ft& cGJjcm;aomtcg 11 rsKD;½dSvmonf/ orÁE¨ jzpfoenf;/
aomfvnf;? ojzif?h ESiw hf pfNyKd ief uf? odrYk [kwf /
orÁEävhusifhcef;rsm; (jyefvSefoifcef;pm) 2/ atmufyguGufvyftoD;oD;ü qDavsmfaom orÁE¨jznfhyg/
1/ atmufyg qefYusifjyorÁE¨wdkYudk 0guswpfckpDüoHk;jyyg/ jznfhaomorÁEönf rnfonfhorÁE¨jzpfaMumif; 0dkufuGif;
odkY&mwGif? vifhupm;? apumrl? vsufESifh? r ... bJvsuf/ üazmfjyyg/
(u) t0ga&mif.....tjyma&mifudk a&mpyfvQif tpdrf;a&mif
2/ atmufyg tcsed jf yorÁEw ¨ u Ykd kd 0guswpfcpk üD oH;k jyyg/ jzpfvmonf/ ( )
ESiw
hf pfNyKd ief uf? tcgwikd ;f ? pOf? orQ? r..rD? aomtcg? wdik ;f ?
( c ) olonfA½D u kd zkd iG hf .... tusu Ð ½kd mS onf/ ( )
r...rcsi;f ?
( * ) usm;oem; ..... EGm;csrf;omrnf/ ( )
3/ atmufygwu Ykd kd tusK;d arQmjf y orÁEt ¨ jzpf 0gustoD;oD;üoH;k jyyg/ (C) vlq;kd onf &Jujkd rifonf ..... xGuaf jy;\/ ( )
atmif? &ef? tHUaomiSm? pdrfhaomiSm? zdkY / ( i ) abmvH;k yGrJ sm;udk rd;k &moDa&muf .... MunfMh u&rnf/
4/ atmufygwdkYudktaMumif;jyorÁE¨tjzpf 0guswpfckpDü oHk;jyyg/ ( )
í? aomaMumifh? ojzifh? vdkY? xdkYaMuifh / ( p ) aMumif w pf a umif o nf a&td k ; pif t eD ; ü 0yf ....
<uufacsmif; aeonf/ ( )
5/ atmufygwdkYudk EdIif;,SOfjyorÁE¨tjzpf 0guswpfckpDü oHk;jyyg/
ouJhodkY? ovdk? xuf /
6/ atmufygwu Ykd kd aygi;f pnf;jyorÁEt
¨ jzpf 0guswpfcpk üD oH;k jyyg/
ESifh? vnf; ... vnf;? tjyif ... vnf;? omru ... vnf;/ emrfypön;f toH;k jyKykH om"ursm;
7/ ]odrYk [kw}f udk a½G;cs,jf yorÁEt ¨ jzpf 0gusüoH;k jyyg/ 1/ acG;ESpaumif
faumif? yef;oH;k yGifh? pum;wpfcGcGef;? tonf;ESprTfr Tm? iSuw
f pfc k
8/ ]vQif? rS? u} wdkYudk uefYowfcsufjyorÁE¨tjzpf 0guswpfckpDü ( rsKd;jy )
oHk;jyyg/ 2/ armifat;? r at;? iSuzdfz dk? xef;zd k? pke;f r ? ausmif;ol/ &Jar
a r aumifr
ar?
( vdifñTef; )
9/ atmufygwdkYudk uefYowfrJhorÁE¨tjzpf 0guswpfckpDü oHk;jyyg/ 3/ ig;wd k Yonf..?/ iSursm; r sm; ?/ vlawG
frsm;onf a wGvmaew,f/ ( ude;f ñTe;f )
jzpfap..jzpfap? jzpfap.r.jzpfap? 4/ pum;wpfceG ;f avmufajymcsiw f ,f/ aiGig;ode;f avmuf acs;yg/
aomfvnf;aumif;.....aomfvnf;aumif;? ( ocsFm )
aomfvnf;aumif;...... r........aomfvnf;aumif;? awmif vQaH eNy/D rD;awmh vmaeNy/D armifarmifyJy J vdak wmhw,f/
5/ a&awmif
10/ atmufygwu Ykd kd wpfNyKd ief ufjyorÁEt
¨ jzpf 0guswpfcpk üD oH;k jyyg/ (emrf a xmuf )
vsuf? um? &if; / 6/ prf;a&yrmyrm rdarwåm/ a&vd vd k at;ygap/ iSuoGfo Gi f ./ (Oyrm)
7/ prf;a&wnfwnf;[laom trdarwåm/ ( ½lyu )
8/ td k..rdcif/ [,f trwfwdkY/ u,fygAsKdU/ a[h.. aEGr/ ( tmvkyf )
9/ vlwum
w um k zGirhf ajymeJ/Y NrKd Uwd
wumud wkdif; rD;vif;Ny/D t e,fe,f
e,f a&mufc\hJ /
( 0dpäm )

ypönf; ( 3 )rsKd; ypönf;qdkif&modrSwfzG,frsm;
emrfypönf; Bud,mypönf; yk ' f a jymif ; ypö n f ; 1/ emrf? emrfpm;? Bu,
d mwdUk ukd tcsKUd aomypön;f wdUk EiS hf wGaJ omtcg
9- rsdK; 5 - rsdK; 3 - rsKd ; ypön;f wpfrsK;d omru wGEJ ikd o
f nf/
- rsK;d jy -tar; - emrf (uav; wdik ;f om vQif ru/ olwYkd vnf; r& Edkif awmh ay/ )
yif?OD;? a,muf? enf;?avm?vm;?vJ?wH;k / t?zG,f?csuf?rI
ck? aumif ../ 2/ tcsKUd aomemrfwEYkd iS hf rsK;d jyypön;f wpfrsK;d ru wGEJ ikd o
f nf/
eifwdkY rMum;ukeaf vm/ jcif;?p&m?t...t... ( xD; wpfvuf^wpfacsmif;^wpfpif;^/ qif wpfaumif^wpf pD;)
- vdiñ f eT ;f Bu, d memrfy'k Af s/
om;? ol? zdk? r? tpm;? vkyfp&m? tod 3/ tcsKUd aomemrfwu Ykd kd rsK;d jyypön;f tjzpf oH;k avh½o
Sd nf/
a':? armif? OD; - ud e ;
f ñTe ;
f t?j cif ;?rI-wGjJ yef/
*kP&f nfjyemrfajymif;/ ( ausmif;oHk;ausmif;/ ½GmoHk;½Gm/ tdrfoHk;tdrf )
Mu?ukef?Muukef/
- ude;f ñTe;f
wdkY? rsm;? awG.../ aMumuf½jYH cif; jyif;uke\ f / tvS? om,mrI? tjzL 4/ ]ud k } [l a ompum;vH k ; ud k Bud , mwl E S p f c k M um; xm;í
aumif;jcif;/ vnf;aumif;?emrf? emrfpm;\ aemufwGif xm;ívnf;aumif;
- ocsmF ypön;f ypön;f tjzpfo;kH avh½oSd nf/
Budrf? ajrmuf? - Bud,maxmuf - emr0daooe
uspD? cefY ..../ Edkif?0HhcJh?rd?ao;?xdkuf?yg - oGm;udkoGm;rS jzpfr,f/
wwf?Edkif?zl;?½Sm?&uf?OD; aom? onfh? rnfh - armife uduk nHv h Ykd cHvu
kd &f wmayg/h
- emrfaxmuf
jyef?ESifh?awmh?oGm;?csif?cJ zwfaom? rSwfonfh
omvQif? awmh?
xm;?&pfyg?aysm?f oif?h vS/ usufrnfh pm/ 5/ ]rsm;}ypön;f onf tcsKUd ae&mü ta&twGuu f kd r&nfñeT ;f bJ
vnf;? rsm;? yg../ wGzJ ufaomemrf? emrfpm;? Bu, d m\av;eufru
I kd &nfñeT ;f onf/
olYudk xm;&pf cJhvdkuf/
- Oyrm - olrsm; jyefa&mufNyDvm;vdkY/
uJo h ?Ykd ES,f? vdk? - tjiif;jy - ighudk ol jrifrsm;jrifomG ;&if tcufy/J
- Bud,m0daooe
twdik ;f .../
r? r ... bl;/ pGm?t? w-w? t-w 6/ emrfpm;udk trsm;jyypön;f ]wd}Yk ESihf wGíJ oH;k onf/
- ½lyu rvGr;f bl;/ rodyg/ csn-f csn?f vku d -f vdu
k f (olwYkd / ,if;wdUk /)
wnf;[laom / cifrifpmG ? tukef
w½dkwao?
7/ yk'fajymif;ypönf;onf Bud,mESifhemr0daooewdkYudk emrf?
- tmvkyf - 0g u sa emuf v d
k
u f
emr0daooe? Bu, d m0daooetjzpf ajymif;ay;Edik o
f nf/
tdk? [,f? ½Sif? ayghav?aygh?av?uG,f? tuRrf;w0if ( aumif;rI ? toGm;tvm? 0,faom? cifrifpmG ? tomt,m )
cifAsm? a[h/ 0ifcsnfxu G cf sn/f
aemf?uGm?yg?Asm?½Sif?av
aygu h mG ? vd.Yk ...../ csKo
d mpGm? tvS 8/ 0gusü Bud,mudef;ñTef;ypönf;udk jr§KyfíoHk;avh½dSonf/
- 0dpäm
(Bud,m0dbwfrjzpfap&) wyif wyef;?tylwjyif;
wdkif;? wum?
jref c sn faES;csnf/
- olwdkY vm( ) NyD/
t(NrKd UNrKd U) wdkYtdrfudk vmvnfaemf/
9/ om? csnf;?awmh?yif?awmif ponfhtcsKdUaom ypönf;wdkYudk
twdkrSwf/ / ypön;f ? ypön;f ...? (3)ypön;f ? emrfaxmufypön;f tjzpf omru Bu, d maxmufypön;f tjzpfvnf;
emrfESifh Bud,m yk'fajymif;om ? rSwfyg (3) ypönf;/ nine & five’ oH ;
k Ed
i
k o
f nf/
three ud k ; / emrfypön;f ud;k ? ud;k rsK;d [m/ rsK;d ? vdi?f ude;f ? csm? - avmuwGif vlom y"mejzpf\/
emrf?yrm?½ly? tmvky?f 0dpäm xkw/f ud;k rsK;d ud;k rsK;d [kw.f .............../ - odomodap rjrifygapESi/hf
ig; / Bud,mypönf; ig;rsKd;a&muf? tar;? udef;nTef;? - pmudkcsn;f zwfraebJ ud, k v f ufvyI ½f mS ; jyKay;yg/
Bud,maxmuf? tjiif;? 0gus? aem aemf aemuf/ - pmrvk y b
f J td
y cf sn;f raeeJY /
oH k ; / yk'fajymif;ypönf; (3)rsKd;½Sd/ emrf yk'f? em0d ? Bud0d /
t? aom? pGmeJY nSdNyD;od/ ( tvkyf? pm;aom? aumif;pGm ½Sd) /
avhusifhcef; 0gusqd k i f & mod r S w f z G , f & mrsm;
1/ atmuf y gypö n f ; toD ; oD ; onf rnf o nf h e mrf y pö n f ; 0gus½dk;
jzpfoenf;/ uwåm;wpfcEk iS hf Bu, d mwpfcyk g0ifaom0gusonf 0gus½;kd
uJo h ?Ykd zd?Yk a,muf? rsm;? cef?Y [,f? wum? wnf;[laom? yg jzpfonf/ atmufygenf;rsm;jzifh 0gus½;kd zGUJ avh½o Sd nf/
2/ atmufygypönf;toD;oD;onf rnfonfhBud,mypönf; (u) em0dEiS hf Bu0d x
d nfo h iG ;f ízGUJ enf;/
( c) yk'fpkxnfhoGif;ízGJUenf;/
jzpfoenf;/
( *) yk'frsm;udka½SUaemuftpDtpOfajymif;ízGJUenf;?
enf;? r ? rd ? ukef ? aemf /
(C) uwåm;jrK§ yíf zGUJ enf;?
3/ ]rI? rnfh? csnf-csnf}toD;oD;onf rnfonfhyk'fajymif; (i) Bu, d mjrK§ yíf zGUJ enf;?
ypönf;jzpfoenf;/ ( p) uwåm;0dbwfjrK§ yíf zGUJ enf;?
4/ atmufygemrftoD;oD;udkwGJEdkifaom rsKd;jyypönf;ESpfrsKd;pD (q) uH0b d wfjrK§ yíf zGUJ enf;/
ESiwhf jJG yyg/ 0gusa&m
jrm;? "g; ? vl ? pm;yGJ ? BudK; / 0gus½;kd (2)ck? odrYk [kw(f 2)ckxufyakd om 0gus½;kd rsm;udk
5/ ]½Gm? tdrf? uef? jrpf} toD;oD;udk rsKd;jyypönf;tjzpfoHk;jyyg/ 0gus wpf c w
k nf;jzpfap&ef 0dbwf? ypön;f ? orÁEw ¨ pfcck Ek iS q
hf ufí
a&;aom 0gusonf 0gusa&mjzpfonf/ atmufygenf;rsm;jzifh
6/ ]udk}[laompum;vHk;udk Bud,mwlESpfckMum;ü xm;í
0gusa&mzGJUavh½dS onf/
vnf ; aumif ; ? emrf ? emrf p m; wd k Y \ aemuf w G i f (u) uwåm;? uHponfyh 'k t f csKUd ukd jrK§ yíf zGUJ enf;/
xm;ívnf;aumif; ypön;f tjzpf oH;k jyyg/ ( c ) 0gus½dk;ESpfckxufydkí yg0ifaom0gus½dk;zGJUenf;/
7/ ]wdkU}ypönf;udk emrfpm; (4)ckESifh wGJíoHk;jyyg/ teuft"dyÜg,ft& 0gus ig;rsKd;
8/ yk'af jymif;ypön;f onf Bu, d mESiehf mr0daooewdu Yk kd emrf? emr teuft"dyÜm,ft& 0gus ig;rsKd;½dSonf/ ,if;0gus
0d a ooe? Bud , m0d a ooetjzpf ajymif ; Ed k i f a Mumif ; ig;rsK;d wdrYk mS -
om"ujyyg/ (u) xkwaf zmf0gus(wpfpw kH pf&m jyK?jzpf?½du S x kd wk af zmf)
( c ) ar;cGe;f 0gus(wpfpw kH pf&mudak r;)
9/ 0gusü Bu, d mude;f ñTe;f ypön;f jrK§ yíf oH;k Edik yf u
kH kd om"ujyyg/ ( * ) jiif;y,f0gus(wpfpHkwpf&m rjyK? rjzp?f r½dSdudkjy)
(C) wdu k w
f eG ;f 0gus (trde?Yf apcdik ;f ? Ed;I aqmf? awmif;yef
10/ atmufygypönf;toD;oD;udk Bud,maxmufypönf;tjzpf
awmif;qdk )
vnf;aumif;? emrfaxmufypönf;tjzpf vnf;aumif; (i)qE´0gus (qkawmif;?qkay;?used q f ?J used q
f )kd
cGjJ cm;oH;k jyyg/ wdjYkzpfMuonf/
(awmh? yif? awmif? om) twdrk wS /f /teuft"dymÜ ,ft& 0gus 5 xkwf ar; jiif; wduk ?f qE´vukd f /
11/ rsm; onf emrf? emrfpm;? Bu, d mtoD;oD;\ av;eufru I kd ]]-aEGO;D a&mufNy/D OMoiSuw f eG Nf yv
D m;/-armifu h rkd vGr;f
&nfneT ;f Ekid af Mumif; om"u0guswpfcpk jD zifh jyyg/ awmh/-ajymjyyg&ap/=bk&m;pl;&ap&JU/}}
12/ atmufyg 0gustoD;oD;½Sd emrf? emrfpm;? Bud,mwpfckckESifh
wGx
J m;aom ypön;f toD;oD;udk rsO;f om;jyyg/ zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufyHkt& 0gus (2)rsKd;
zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufyt
kH & 0gus(2)rsK;d ½do
S nf/ ,if;0gus
(2)rsK;d wdrYk mS -
(u) 0gus½dk; ( oloGm;onf/ )
( c ) 0gusa&m (oloGm;onfudkuRefawmfjrifonf/ )
wdkY jzpfMuonf/

yk'ftrsKd;tpm; - pmoifcef;wGif vdrrf ajym&ef wynfrh sm;udk q&mu qH;k ronf/
yk'(f 4)rsK;d ½do
S nf/ ,if;yk'(f 4)rsK;d wdrYk mS - - avSay:u Mumyef;udk cl;onf/
(u) yk'½f ;kd (c) aygi;f pyfy'k f - rvSonf raeYu aygirf ek u Yf kd uReaf wmhtm; ay;onf/
(*) ypön;f a&myk'f (C) 0dbwfo, G yf 'k f - olonf tjref aps;rS jyefvmonf/
wdjYk zpfMuonf/
- olonf vsijf refpmG pufb;D udk pD;vmonf/
- ig;Budrfajrmuf roefrpGrf;olrsm;\ tm;upm;NydKifyJGudk
avhusifhcef; ,aeYusif;y\/
1/ atmufyg emr0daooe? Bu, d m0daooe toD;oD;udk 0gus½;kd - nDno D nf aMumiftrd x f u J tpfuBkd u;D tm; ig;aMumfwpfaumifukd
wpfckpDü oHk;jyyg/ ay;vdu k o f nf/
at;jraom? aysmf½TifpGm? wjznf;jznf;? jrifhrm;aom? w&if;wESD;/ - vwfqwfaom olonf toD;tESu H kd ESpo f ufonf/
2/ atmufygy'k pf k toD;oD;udk 0gus½;kd wpfcpk üD oH;k jyyg/ - vdrrf maom q&monf wynfu h kd cspof nf/
rnfonfyh 'k pf t k jzpf oH;k onfuv kd nf; azmfjyyg/ - bBu;D u abmvH;k uefí ajcaxmufemaeaom ajr;i,fukd
(uwåm;yk'fpk? uH -? tcsed jf y - ponf ...) aq;vdrf; ay;onf/
uReaf wmf\tpfu?kd - q&m0efBu;D u aq;udk rSerf eS f raomufonft h wGuf vlemrsm;
om,maomnaecif;? aq;udrk eS rf eS f aomufMu&ef owday;onf/
jrefrmhuRef;opf? - zdk;omatmifu awGY&mudk csKdjzifh vdkufvHcwfum ½Gmom;rsm;udk
a&;zdkYcJwH/
taESmift h ,Suf ay;aeaom uR½J ikd ;f udk zrf;qD;vdu k o f nf/
3/ 0gus½dk; zGJU&mü uwåm;? Bud,m? uwåm;0dbwf? uH0dbwf - rronf tyfcsnEf iS hf ca&yGirhf sm;udk oDonf/
jr§Kyfí zGJUavh½dSyHkrsm;udk om"ujyyg/ - uReaf wmfonf armfvNrKd iu f q&mhukd 'l;&if;oD;jzifh uefawmhonf/
4/ atmufyg0gus toD;oD;½dS yk'w f u Ykd kd tpDtpOfoifah tmif jyifzUJG yg/ - ay (3000) jrifah om yef;oD;yifrsm; pdu k yf sL;d &efawmifwef;wpfcu k kd
(u)q&mBuD;u wpfESpfywfvHk; rSefrSefBudK;pm;aomaMumifh oufqikd &f mu ½SmazGaeonf/
pmar;yGJudk *kPfxl;ESifhatmifjrifonfh armifarmifudk - rvSonf rjrtm; ,refEpS u f oZifyef;rsm;udk vufaqmiftjzpf
csD;usL;\/
ay;onf/
( c ) rpHy,fu ol&½daS om AD½x kd rJ S qkwq H yd rf sm;udk
uReaf wmft h m; xkwjf yonf/ -'dik v
f Bl u;D u Murf;wrf;pGm upm;onft h jyif NyKd ibf ufupm;orm;
( * ) ausmif;wGif jrefrmh,Ofaus;rIukd tpOfxed ;f odr;f &rnf[k rsm;udq k q J &kd efpwwfaom avmvH;k orm;zd;k wkwu f kd jyif;xefpmG
q&mu qH;k ronf/ owday;vku d o
f nf/
(C) tjrwfwEd;k olay;aomvufaqmifukd uRerf odr;f xm;\/ - uReaf wmfonf opfyifay:u v,fuiG ;f rsm;udk vSr;f jrif&onf/
( i ) t½dk;usKd;aeaom bbBuD;\ wkwfaumufudk jyifay; - (10)Budrfajrmuf &yfuGufvli,frsm; pmMunfhwdkuf\
vdkufonf/ pmaya[majymyJu G kd ,aeY usi;f yrnf/
( p ) 'DZifbmvwGif ausmif;tvdkuftm;upm;yGJrsm;udk
usif;y\/ - tdrw f iG f jrefrmh,Ofaus;rIukd tpOfxed ;f odr;f &rnf[k rdbESpyf g;u
(q) uR½J ikd ;f Bu;D u csKdESifh rpHy,fudk a0SUonf/ oifMum;onf/
( Z ) v,fwq D &mawmfb&k m;Bu;D u Oykoaf eYwiG f trJom; rpm; - bifc&mtzJUG u aw;oDcsi;f rsm;udk atmifjrifpmG oDqw kd ;D rIwíf
Mu&ef a[mMum;awmfrlonf/ tcrf;tem;udk ½kyo f rd ;f vdu k of nf/
( ps ) þa0g[m&rsm;udk Mum;zl;onfw h ikd f ½kww f &uf t"dygÜ ,f
rodEdkifay/
(n) trsK;d orD; wd&pämefO,smOfwpfywf ajy;yGu J kd ,aeYeeH uf
(7)em&DwGif usif;yonf/ jrefrmo'´gar;cGef; 15 rSwf zdk; ajzEdkifzdkYtwGuf
- olonf vsijf refpmG xrif;udk pm;í ausmif;odYk oGm;onf/ oifhq&mhjzifh txyfxyfavhusifhyg/
- armifbu wkwEf iS hf armifvu S kd ½du k o
f nf/
o'´gavhusichf ef;qdik &f m *kPx
f ;l &nfvrf;nTepf jH yK tajzrsm;
emrf ? emrfpm; ? emr0daooe ? Bud,m ? Bud,m0daooe qdkif&m
em;vnf r I q d k i f & m avh u sif h c ef ; rsm;
1/ (u) teuft"dymÜ ,ft& rnfonfeh mrf jzpfoenf;/ 2/ ( c ) yk*¾vemrfpm; oHk;rsdK;teuf rnfonfh trsdK;tpm;
y&dabm* ? zdtm; ? jynfol ? ZGJ ? vlxk ? okb&mZm? ynm? jzpfoenf;/
0rf;omrI? aumifp?D a½TOa'gi;f ? aZmf*sD oif; ? oif ? ol ? usKyf ? nnf; ? uRefr ? tcsif;
1/ (u) ZGJ - pdwåZemrf 2/ ( c ) oif; - tjymcHemrfpm;
jynfol - trsm;qdik ef mrf oif - Mum;emolemrfpm;
zdtm; - trsm;qdik ef mrf usKyf - ajymolemrfpm;
y&dabm* - tpkjyemrf uRerf - ajymolemrfpm;
a½TOa'gi;f - trsm;qdik ef mrf (iSutf rnf )
aZmf*sD - wpfO;D qdik ef mrf(pmqdt
k rnf) 2/ ( * ) ocFsmemrfpm; (2) rsdK;wGif rnfonfh trsdK;tpm;
jzpfoenf;/
1/ ( c ) zJGUpnf;wnfaqmufyHkt& rnfonfhemrf jzpfoenf;/ tcsKd U?oH;k csy?f tm;vH;k ?xuf0uf?wpfyg;?tajrmuftjrm;
½Si;f jyyg/ 2/ ( * ) tcsKd U - yrmPjyocsmF emrfpm;
taumif; ? pm;zG,f ? tvkyf ? a,musmf ; ? arwåm ? OD;xkyf tm;vH;k - yrmPjyocsmF emrfpm;
1/ ( c ) tvkyf - Bud,memrf(Bud,m + emrfyk'fajymif;ypönf;) wpfyg; - ta&twGujf yocsmF emrfpm;
arwåm - yifud u dkemrf (jrefrmo'´genf;t& cJpG wd íf r&) oH ;
k csy f - ta&twGujf yocsmF emrfpm;
tumif;- *kP&f nfjyemrf (*kP&f nfjyyk'f + tajrmuftjrm; -
emrfyk'fajymif;ypönf;) wpfyg; -
OD;xkyf - aygi;f pyfemrf (emrfy'k f + Bu, d myk')f wpf c k -
3/ (u) teuft"dymÜ ,ft& rnfonfh emr0daooe jzpfoenf;/
1/ ( * ) rnfonfh emrfu rnfonf eh mrfukd txl;jyKoenf;/ tajrmuftjrm;? tMuif? b,f? ½Sm;yg;aom? tcsKd U ? tjcm;
rkefYbl; ? MumouFef; ? y&dwfyef; ? qyfjymcGuf ? iSufqif 3/ (u) tajrmuftjrm; - ocsmF emr0daooe
1/ ( * ) MumouFef; tMuif - tñTe;f emr0daooe
a½SUemrf Mumu aemufemrfouFe;f udk txl;jyKygonf/ b,f - tar;emr0daooe
rkebYf ;l ½Sm ;yg ; aom - *kPf&nfjyemr0daooe
a½SUemrf rkeYf u aemufemrf bl; udk txl;jyKonf/
3/ ( c ) zJGUpnf;wnfaqmufyHkt& rnfonfh emr0daooe
iSufqif jzpfoenf;/
aemufemrf qifu a½SUemrf iSuu f kd txl;jyKygonf/ owåad umif;? arT;? oef½Y iS ;f ? ajzmifw
h ef;? vsijf ref? csKd om
....................
3/ ( c ) oef½Y iS ;f - aygi;f pyfemr0daooe
2/ (u) emrfpm;av;rsKd ;teuf rnfonfh trsKd ;tpm; jzpfoenf;/ aj z mih w
f ef
; - aygi;f pyfemr0daooe
tMuif? tcsKd U? oif;? oif? b,f? ol? wpfyg;? cyford ;f vsifjref - aygi;f pyfemr0daooe
csKd om - yiff u d kemr0daooe
2/ (u) tMuif - tnGe;f emrf;pm;
tcsKd U - ocsFmemrfpm;
oif; - yk*v ¾ emrfpm;
b,f - tar;emrfpm;

3/ ( * ) rnfonfh ocsFm emr0daooe jzpfoenf;/ 5/ ( c ) zJGUpnf;wnfaqmufyHkt& rnfonfh Bud,m0daooe
( 2 ) vrf;? 36 aumif? wwd,ajrmuf? trSwf ( 3 )? ig;yg;? tcsKd U enf;/
3/ ( * ) 36 aumif -ta&twGujf yocsmF emr0daooe ,k,, k ,? cyfjrefjref? pD&&D? ½Te;f &½Ge;f ? ,dik wf ikd w
f ikd ?f tvS
trSwf ( 3 ) - tpOfjy ocsFmemr0daooe 5/ ( c ) ,k,, k , - ESpBf urd x f yfBu, d m0daooe
ig;yg; -ta&twGujf yocsmF emr0daooe cyfjrefjref - ypön;f qufBu, d m0daooe
tcsKd U -yrmPjyocsFmemr0daooe pD&&D - um&efvu kd Bf u, d m0daooe
½Te;f &½Gef; - ypön;f qufBu, d m0daooe
3/ (C) rnfonf emr0daooetqifh jzpfoenf;/
tenf;qH;k ? ydík rsm;aom? trsm;qH;k ? om,maom? csKd aom 5/ ( * ) rnfonfBh u, d m0daooe tqifeh nf;/
3/ (C) tenf;qH;k - tomvGefqHk; tqifh rsm;pGm? tvSq;kH ? omíaysm½f iT pf mG ? ti,fq;kH ;? omvGepf mG
trsm;qH;k - tomvGefqHk; tqifh 5/ ( * ) omíaysm½f iT pf mG - omvGet f qifh
om,maom - omref tqifh ti,fq;kH - tomvGeq f ;kH tqifh
ydík rsm;aom - omvGef tqifh cifrifpmG - omref
reftqifh
omvGepf mG - omreftqifh
4/ (u) teuft"dyÜm,ft& rnfonfh Bud,mtrsdK;tpm;
jzpfoenf;/
wduk cf u
kd f ? wdu k cf wf ? zdEydS f ? zGihf ? yGihf ? wnf½?dS usu?f jyKwf
4/ (u) wdu k cf u
kd f - jyKjcif;jy Bud,m
wku d cf wf - jzpfjcif;jy Bud,m wwfuRrf;rIqdkif&m (ajcmufrSwfwef avhusifhcef;rsm;)
zGifh - jyKjcif;jy Bud,m 6/ (u) ]ol} emrfpm;udk a,mufsm;? rde;f r? wd&pämefwdkUtpm;
wnf½dS - ½Sdjcif;jy Bud,m oH;k jyyg/
usuf - jzpfjcif;jyBud,m 6/ (u)
( xrif;usufNyD/ ) udu k okd nf olUu, f kd ol txifBu;D aeav\/(a,muf
kd u ufsm;m;)
jyK w f - jyKjcif;jyBud,m ol
rronf olemjyK jzpfonf/ onf Muifempdwf½Sd\/(rdef;r)
( yJudk jyKwfyg/ ) acG;uav;onf ol\ocifukd tvGef cifw, G \f /(wd& pämef)
4/ ( c ) zJUG pnf;wnfaqmufyt kH & rnfonfh Bu, d mtrsKd ;tpm; 6/ ( c ) ]wd}Yk udk ypön;f taejzihv f nf;aumif; ? emrfpm;taejzifh
jzpfoenf;/ vnff;aumif; oHk;EdkifaMumif; om"u0gus (2) ckjyyg/ rnfonfh
nSy?f pufcsKy?f ajzmif(h onf)? vsijf ref(onf)? cke?f a&ul;? ypönf;? rnfonfh emrfpm; trddsK;tpm;tjzpf oHk;onfudkvnf;
ajzmifw
h ef;? jref? aq;jc,f? udu k pf m;? tdyaf ysmf 0du
k u
f iG ;f jzifh azmfjyyg/
4/ ( c ) nSyf - yifudkBud,m 6/ ( c ) (1) wd k Y u rif;udk pdwfrqdk;ygbl;/ (ajymolemrfpm; )
vsifjref - aygif;pyfBud,m (2) ig wd k Y vnf; a&mufz;l ygw,f/(ude;f ñTe;f ypön;f )
ajzmifh - *kP&f nfjyBu, d m
ckef - yifudkBud,m 6/ ( * ) tcsdKUaom0dbwfwdkYESifh wJGvQif atmufygemrfpm;
5/ (u) teuf t "d y Ü m ,f t & rnf o nh f Bud , m0d a ooe wdüYk atmufjrpf xnfah vh ½So d nfukd om"ujyyg/
jzpfoenf;/ ½Sif ? eif ? ol? ig
,k,, k ,? vH;k 0? b,favmuf? tpOf? z½dzk &J? tvsit f jref 6/ ( * ) emrfpm; 0dbwf atmufjrpfxnfyh kH
5/ (u) vHk;0 - yrmPjyBu, d m0daooe ig + rSm igh rSm
b,favmuf - tar;Bu, d m0daooe eif + aMumifh eifh aMumifh
tpOf - tcsdefjyBud,m0daooe ol + twGuf olU twGuf
tvsit f jref - trlt&mjyBu, d m0daooe

6/ (C) tcsdKU? bm ? ,if;wkdYudk emrfpm;tjzpf 0gustoD;oD;ü 7/ ( i ) atmuf y gemrf t oD ; oD ; ud k tjcm;emrf w pf c k c k E S i f h
oH;k jyyg/ aygi;f pyfaom tcg]t}`rKS yaf vh ½Syd u
kH kd om"ujyyg/
....ta&mif? tyif? tom;? t½kyf .....
6/ (C) tcsKd U / / tcsKd U u trSewf &m;udk vufrcHvakd y/
bm / / acgi;f aqmif jzpfzYkd bm udk apmifx
h ed ;f &rvJ/ 7/ ( i ) ay;xm;onfeh mrf tjcm;emrf ]t} jrKS yyf kH
,if; / / ,if; um; Bu;D olwYdk usi0hf wfrsm; jzpfay\/ ta&mif + a½T = a½Ta&mif
t½kyf + bDvl; = bDv;l ½kyf
tyif + wrm = wrmyif
7/ (u) atmufyg aygi;f pyfy'k w Ykd kd 0gp*F cJjG yyg/
f u
rsuEf mS csKd ? aq;jc,f? pdwjf refvufjref 8/ (u) atmufyg aygif;pyfemrftoD;oD;wGif rnfonfu
7/ (u) emr0daooe? rnfonfu 0daoos jzpfaMumif; cJjG cm;jyyg/
aygi;f pyfy'k f aygi;f pyfykH 0gp*F qeftdwf? rkefUacgif;tkH;(acG;bDvl;? anmiffrkwfqdwf?
rsuEf mS csKd rsuEf mS + csKd (emrf +emr0daooe) rkeysm;ovu
fysm;ovu? yJvif
Yysm;ovuf vif;a>r? Muuffqif )
aq;jc,f aq; + jc,f (emrf + Bu, d m) 8/ (u) qeftw d f = qef(emr0daooe)+ tdwf ( 0daoos )
pdwjf refvufjref pdw+f jref + (emrf+emr0daooe+ rkeaYf cgi;f tH;k = rke(Yf 0daoos ) + acgi;f tH;k (emr0daooe)
vuf + jref emrf +emr0daooe)
7/ ( c ) tcsKd aom emrfrsm;udk rnfonfhypönf;ESifh wGíJ oH;k vQif 8/ ( c )emrfy'k af jymif;ypön;f wpfcck Ek iS q hf ufí *kP&f nfjyemrfzUGJ
,if;emrfonf taygi;f tpkukd &nfñeT ;f azmfjyoenf;/ om"u0gus jyyg/
ESpcf k jyyg/ Nird ;f csr;f ? acsm? eD? oGuv
f uf? ajzmif?h yg;eyf? ½Sn?f Murf;/
7/ ( c ) tcsKd Uaomemrfrsm;udk trsm;jyude;f ñTe;f ypön;f ]wdUk }ESihf 8/ ( c )
wJíG oH;k vQif ,if;emrfonf tygi;f tpkukd &nfñeT ;f azmfjyygonf/ ay;xm;onfhyk'f emrfy'k af jymif;ypön;f *kP&f nfjyemrf
om"u / / ( 1 ) tarwdUk jyefvmNy/D Nird ;f csr;f + jcif; = Nird ;f csr;f jcif;
( 2 ) rcdik fwYkd a&mufNyvD m;/ acsm + t = tacsm
yg;eyf + rI = yg;eyfrI
7/ ( * ) ] txl ; ? taES ; ? tvk y f ? tjyef ? tEk . .}wd k Y u d k
emr0daooetjzppf 0gustoD;oD;wGif oH;k jyyg/ 8/ ( * ) toGufvufqHk;? ti,fqHk;? tvSqHk;? tawmfqHk;?
7/ ( * ) txl; / / raeYu txl;tpnf;ta0; jyKvyk cf o hJ nf/ tcsKq Yk kd emrftjzpf 0gustoD;oD;ü oHk;jyyg/
d ;kH wdu
taES; / / taES;,mOf ig;pD; *dwx f ;kd xm;onf/ 8/ ( * ) toGuv f ufq;kH
tvkyf / / OD;bawmh tvky½f rkH mS wm0efusaew,f/ twef ; acgif ; aqmif c ef Y & ef toG u f v uf q H k ; ud k
a½G;vdu
k o f nf/
7/ (C) atmufyg 0dwpfcck Ek iS hf wJjG cif;jzifh oH½n S t
f qH;k ½Sad om ti,fq;kH
emrfwiG f atmufjrpfxnfah vh½ydS u
kH kd om"ujyyg/ tdrw f iG f ti,fq;kH rSm O0J jzpf\/
udk? tm;? aMumifh? twGuf? zdkY
7/ (C) 8/ (C) toGufvufqHk;? ti,fqHk;? tvSqHk;? tawmfqHk;?
oH½nS tf qH;k ½Sad omemrf 0dbwf atmufjrpfxnfyh kH tvdrm® qH;k wdu Yk kd emr0daooetjzpf 0gustoD;oD;wGif oH;k jyyg/
armifarmif + udk armifarmifu h kd 8/ (C) ti,fq;kH
cifcif + tm; cifcifhtm; ti,fq;kH orD;udk tvdv k u
kd Mf uonf/
arar + twGuf ararhtwGuf tvdrm¨ qH;k
tvdrm¨ qH;k orD;av;rSm rdacsmjzpfonf/
8/ ( i ) emr0daooewdu Yk kd yk'af jymif;ypön;f wpfcck Ek iS q
hf ufí emrf 9/ (u) ajrmS ufx;kd yifah umf? ar;xl;ac:ajym? ckeaf yguaf jy;vTm;?
odrYk [kwf emrfpm;wpfcck \ k a½Sw Y iG f xm;oH;k jyyg/ a&qH;k a&zsm;wduYk kd 0gustoD;oD;wGif Bu, d m0daoetjzpf oH;k jyyg/
jrifrh m;? usO;f ajrmif;? vdrm® ? ½d;k om;? ½Snv f sm;? pdr;f vef; 9/ (u) ajrmS ufx;kd yifah umf
8/ ( i ) jrifrh m; tcsi;f rsm;aeolwUkd ukd ajrmS ufx;kd yifah umf rvkyo
f ifah y/
- jrifrh m;onfah wmif ar;xl;ac:ajym
usO;f ajrmif; pum;rsm;Ny;D olEpS Of ;D rSm ar;xl;ac:ajym rvkyaf wmhyg/
- usO;f ajrmif;aomvrf; a&qHk;a&zsm;
vdrm® pHkaxmufonf xdktrSKudk a&qHk;a&zsm; pHkprf;av
- vdrm® rnfh uav; ownf;/
8? ( p ) yk'af jymif;ypön;f wpfcck Ek iS hf wGq J ufvQif Bud,mtcsKdUudk 9/ ( c ) trd? tjrifh? tvGwf? txll;? ta&muf? tvS? t&
emr0daooetjzpf oHk;EdkifaMumif; om"uoHk;ckjyyg/ Bu0d t
d jzpfo;kH jyyg/
8/ ( p ) Bu, d mtcsKd U yk'af jymif;yHk 9/ ( c ) trd / /abmvHk;udk *dk;orm;u trd zrf;vdu k \f /
emr0daooetjzpfo;kH yHk tvGwf / / &NyD;onfhpmmudk tvGwf tHEikd &f rnf/
(1) pm; pm;onfh pm;onfh tpm txl; / / udk&D;,m; bmomudk txl; avhvm\/
(2) oGm; oGm;aom oGm;aom c&D; tvS / / jcif;orm;wdYk NyKd iyf rGJ prD tvS cwfMu\/
(3) ae aernfh aernfh t&yf ta&muf/ / paeaeYrSm ta&mufvmyg/
t& / / yxra½Tzvm;qkukd t& ,lcJhyg/
8/ (q) atmufyg ( ocsmF ^tar;^tnTe;f .. )yk'f toD;oD;udk tjrif/h / avhusiahf v,mOftzJUG onf tjrifh yso H ef;
emrfpm; tjzpf0guswiG f toD;oD;wGif oH;k jyyg/ Mu\/
oH;k xnf ? tcsKd U? tenf;i,f? b,f? bm? ,if;? þ?...
8/ (q) oH;k xnf / / ykq;kd ig;xnf teuf oH;k xnfukd ,lvmyg/
tenf;i,f/ / pkaqmif;aiGxJrS tenf;i,fudkom 9/ ( * ) atmufyg yk'w f u Ykd kd ESpBf urd x
f yfjcif;? ypön;f qufjcif;?
xkw, f yl g/ um&ef v d k u f j cif ; wpf e nf ; enf ; jzif h Bud , m0d a ooe
b,f / / toif b,f u vmovJ/ jzpfatmifzJGUpnf;jyyg/
,if; / / ,if; um; ynm½SdwdkY pum;wnf;/ yljyif;? ½Te;f ? pdr;f ? pD? acsmif; ? vSy? 0g? cifrif
9/ ( * ) yk'f&if; zJGUpnf;onfhenf;
8/ ( Z ) txuf ar;cGe;f yg yk'f toD;oD;udk emr0daooetjzpf yljyif; - tylwjyif; ( ypönf;quf )
oH;k jyyg/ pdr;f - pdrf;wdr;f wdr;f ( um&efvu kd f )
8/ ( Z ) tcsKd U / / vltcsKd Uu trSew f &m;udk &ifrqdik vf Mkd uay/ vSy - vSvSyy ( ESpBf urd x
f yf )
bm / /olwb Ykd mtaMumif;aMumifh pGepYf m;Muoenf;/
þ/ / þ wdik ;f jynf tvGef Nird ;f csr;f om,m\/ 9/ (C) Bud0dtjzpf 0gustoD;oD;wGif oHk;jyyg/
8/ ( ps ) rnfrQ ? b,favmuf? tenf;i, i,f? tb,frQ? wdu Yk kd awmif p Of a &r&? usD ; uef ; awmif ; arS m uf ?
0gustoD;oD;wGif emr0daooe odrYk [kwf Bu, d m0daooetjzpf ajcarG ; rD ; ravmif vuf a rG ; rD ; ravmif ? cG u f x d k ; cG u f v ef /
oHk;jyyg/ rnfonfh yk'ftjzpf oHk;onfudkvnf; 0dkufuGif;jzifh jyyg/ ca&aphwiG ;f us? qifuef;awmwd;k
8? ( ps ) b,favmuf 9/ (C) - awmifpOfa&r&
pmud k b,f a vmuf usuf x m;ovJ [ if / t½l;ronf pum;udk awmifpOfa&r& ajymavh ½So d nf/
(Bu, d m0daooe) - us;D uef;awmif;arSmuf
tenf;i,f olcdk;rSm vSnfhuif;&efaMumifh usD;uef;awmif;arSmuf
ausmuftaMumif; tenf;i,f odu toufarG;Edik \f / jzpfae\/
(Bu0d ad ooe) - ynmrJhvQif qifuef;awmwdk; jzpfwwf\/
- oli,fcsi;f taMumif;udk ca&aphwiG ;f us odygonf/
9/ ( i ) arsmufu? rkq;kd xdik ?f ud, k af wGY ....Bud 0d tjzpfo;kH jyyg/ 10/ (u) jzpfonf [laom Mu, d mjzifh zJUG aom0gusü wpfcgwpf&H
9/ ( i ) arsmufu/ / Zmwfrif;om;u arsmufu u jyonf/ wG if ,if
; Bu ,
d mud k jr K
S yí
f oH ;
k Ed
i
k faMumif; om"u0gus oHk;ckjyyg/
rkq;kd xdik /f / OD;wGwyf o D nf rkq;kd xdik f xdik u
f m orifukd 10/ (u) (1) ,if;um; yk*HNrdKUa[mif; ( ) wnf;/
acsmif;\/ (2) þonfum; vlYobm0yif ( ) wnf;/
ud, k af wGU/ / cg;ydkufEdSkufjcif;udk udk,fawGU cH&zl; (3) 4if; yk*¾dKvfonf ausmif;tkyfBuD; ( ) yif/
ygovm;/
9/ ( p ) ]]ceJ}}}ypön;f qufí Bu0d t d jzpf 0gustoD;oD;wGio f ;kH yg/ 10/ ( c)Bu, d mtjzpf oH;k aom emr0daooeESpcf \k Mum;ü vnf;?
at;? vuf? Akef;? a0g ? 'dkif;? jAef;? yl? 0kef; NrJ? om ponfh ypön;f wpfcck u k x kd m;í Bu, d mtjzpf oH;k jyyg/
9/ ( p ) at;/ / aqmif;n ajrmufjyefav ta0Sw Y iG f at;ceJ 10/ ( c )(1) oD&donf ,Ofonfomru vSvnf;vS onf/
cHpm;&\/ (2) &ufMumonfw h ikd f bk&myef;rSm vef;Nrv J ef; aeygonf/
vuf/ / vufceJ vif;Ny;D aemuf rd;k csKe;f oHMum;&onf/ (3) rvS o nf acsm omacs mNy;
D oabm raumif;acs/
'dkif;/ / wmvTwfaoewfoH 'dik ;f ceJ xGuaf y:vm\/
10/ ( *)vkyif ef;wpfcNk y;D wpfck aqmif½u G af Mumif; azmfjyvdo k nft h cg
9/ (q) atmufyg Bu, d mwku Yd kd rd-&m [laom ypön;f aygi;f pyfí Bud,mESpfckudk wJGí oHk;avh½SdyHkudk om"u 0gus 3 ck jyyg/
Bud 0d tjzpf oHk;jyyg/ 10/ ( * )(1) udkudk<um;u bD½dkxJrS qkwHqdyfudk xkwjf y onf/
awG; ? ai; ? xif ? ajym ? Mum; ? oGm; (2) bkwt f ;D onf aMumiftrd x f u J rkeu Yf kd ,lpm; onf/
9/ (q) awG; (3) pkpo k nf oli,fcsi;f rsm;tm; tDauGU 0,fauR;onf/
zGm;zGm;onf awG;rdawG;&m awG;aewwfonf/
ai; 10/ (C) trsm;jyBud,mudef;ñTef;ypönf;wdkYudk 0gusü oHk;jyyg/
pmoifcsed üf ai;rdai;&m ai;aejcif; rjyKoihyf g/ 10/ (C) Mu / / rif;'ifww Ykd pfou kd f pkaygi;f pmusuaf e
xif Muonf/
t½l;ronf xifrx d if&m ajymaeav\/ ukef / / arZifwdkYtzJGU pm& ukef NyD/
Muukef / / q&mwdkY 0rf;ajrmuf Muukef \/
9/ ( Z ) atmufyg yk'w f u Ykd kd Bu0d t d jzpf 0gustoD;oD;wGif oH;k jyyg/
tanmif;ajy ? vufawGU? r,Hw k ,Hk ? rEdik w f Edik f ? armharmh? xdik x
f ikd f
(w½dw
k ao? tenf;i,f? rxdwxd? jyif;xefpmG ? cP? tvGe?f ..) 10/ (i) Bu, d mtcsi;f csi;f aygi;f pyf&mü Bu, d mESpcf rk u aygi;f Edik yf ukH kd
om"u0gus oH;k ckjyyg/
9/ ( Z ) vufawGU
uvdk&if;udk vufawGU xkwaf zmfaeMuonf/ 10/ ( i ) (1) tcrf;tem;odkY <ua&muf tm;ay; csD;jrSifhMuonf /
r,Hw k ,Hk (2) uav;rsm; ajy; vTm; upm; aeMuonf /
olUpum;udk trsm;u r,Yw kH ,Hk jzpfaeMuonf/ (3) {nfo
h nfukd um;*dwo f Ykd oGm;a&muf ydaYk qmif EIwq f uf
xdik x f ikd f Muonf/
vrf;xdyt k cf ükH xdik x
f w f ikd f raeygEiS /hf
10/ ( p ) atmufyg Bud,mwdkYudk Bud,maxmufypönf;tjzpf
9/ ( ps ) tomvGefqHk;tqifhudk azmfjyaom yk'fwdkYudk Bud,m oH;k jyyg/
0daooetjzpf oHk;EdkifaMumif; om"u 0gus oHk;ck jyyg/ wwf ? xm;? ypf? vm? oGm;..( ae?jyef?Munf?h ½Sm?aysm)f
9/ ( ps ) (1) tjrefq;kH 10/ ( p ) wwf / / udkudkonf pnf;urf; rysuw f wfyg/
vlemudk aq;½HkodkU tjrefq;kH ydUk ygav/ xm; / / olonf cufqpfrsm;udk ESpfpuwnf;
(2) tvSq;kH uusuf xm;\/
pkpkrSm tvSLaeYu tvSq;kH jzpfae\/ vm / / rl,ma&? ocsFm wGufvmcJhaemf/
(3) taumif;qH;k
jyKorQwidk ;f taumif;qH;k jzpfygap/
13/ (u) ... rnfonfh emrfypön;f jzpfoenf;/
P37
0dbwf ? orÁE¨ ? ypönf; qdkif&m
em;vnfrSKqdkif&m ( av; rSwfwefavhusifhcef;rsm; ) uJhodkY? zdk? a,muf? cefY? [,f? rsm;? wnf;[laom? wum?
11/ (u) rnfonfh emrf0b d wf jzpfoenf;/ pvHk;? yg ...
u? wdik w f ikd ?f jzif?h rSm? ESihf ? odYk 13/ (u) uJhodkY - Oyrmypön;f
(ud?k aMumif?h EiS thf wl?widk af tmif?twGu?f ywfv;kH ?tzd?Yk \?tm;?x?d txd...) zdk - vdifnTef;ypönf;
11/ (u) u - uwåm;0dbwf cefY - ocsFmypönf;
wdik w f ikd f - tcsdefqufwdkufjy0dbwf rs m ; - emrfaxmufypön;f
jzihf - toH;k cHjy0dbwf ozG , f - Oyrmypön;f
rSm - ae&mjy0dbwf avmuf - Oyrmypön;f ôcsmF ypön;f
cGe;f - rsKd ;jyypön;f
11/ ( c ) atmufygwdkYonf rnfonfh umvjyBud,m0dbwf OD;^xD;^râ':ôm;ôl - vdin f eT ;f ypön;f
jzpfoenf;/ wdik ;f - 0dpämypön;f .
\? jy?D tH?h vwåUH ? onf? rnf? vdrrhf nf ck^vH;k âcsmif; - rsdK;jyypönf;
11/ ( c ) \ - twdwfumvjyBud,m0dbwf
NyD - ypöKyÜefumvjyBud,m0dbwf 13/ ( c )rnfonfh Bud,mypönf; jzpfoenf;/
tHh - tem*wfumvjyBu, d m0dbwf enf;? r ? rd? aygah v? ukef (wk;H ? r ? r-bl; ? awmh?
rnf - tem*wfumvjyBu, d m0dbwf oif?h wwf? zl;? &uf? Muuke?f rsm;? ESihf ?½Si?f aemf? rd? uG,?f av?
11/ ( * ) rnfonfh trdsK;tpm;jyBu, d m0dbwf jzpfoenf;/ aygh? cJh? avm? vm;? Mu..)
ap? pd?Yk yg&ap? avmh? ygap? &atmif 13/ ( c )enf; - tar;ypön;f
r - tjiif;jyypön;f
11/ ( * ) ap - trdeUf cs0b d wf rd - Bu, d maxmufypön;f
pdkY - nSEd iId ;f 0dbwf ukef - udef;nTef;ypönf;
avmh - apckid ;f 0dbwf
yg&ap - qE´ñTef0dbwf 13/ ( * )rnfonfh yk'fajymif;ypönf; jzpfoenf;/
t ? zG,f ? pGm ? w-w ( p&m? &ef? aom? rnfh ? csnf-
csn?f w&? onf?h rI? jcif;? t-t )
12/ (u) qufpyfyt kH & rnfonfh orÁE¨ jzpfoenf;/ 13/ ( * )p&m - emrfy'k af jymif;ypön;f
ESihf ? í? xdaYk Mumif?h ouJo h Ykd aom - emr0daooeyk'af jymif;ypön;f
(xdjYkyif?vsu?f o&Ykd mwGi?f orYkd [kw?f rw S pfyg;?vQi?f EiS w
hf pfjyKid ef uf?xt
kd cg..) zG,f - emrfy'k af jymif;ypön;f
12/ (u) ESihf - yk'fquforÁE¨ pGm - Bu, d m0daooeyk'af jymif;ypön;f
í - 0gusquforÁE¨
xdaYk Mumifh - t"dymÜ ,fquforÁE¨
ouJo h Ykd - 0gusquforÁE¨
wwfuRrf;rIqdkif&m ( 6 rSwfwef avhusifhcef;rsm; )
12/ ( c ) teuft"dymÜ ,ft& rnfonfo h rÁE¨ jzpfoenf;/
zd k Y ? u? rS ? vQ i f ? &if ; ? í (..ojzif h ?aomf v nf ; ? 14/ (u) 0guswGif qDavsmaf tmif jznfíh rnfonfh
ESiw
hf pfNyikd ef uf? odrYk [kw?f um? wdik ;f ? ESi?hf xuf?atmif) emrf0b
d wftjzpf jznfo h nfukd 0du k uf iG ;f ü azmfjyyg/
12/ ( c ) zdkY - tusKd ;arQmjf yorÁE¨ wkid af tmif? ESi?hf wGif ? odYk
rS - uefo Y wfcsujf yorÁE¨ (1) armifcspñ f o kd nf n(11)em&D ............. pmzwfavh ½So d nf /
( )
wdik ;f - tcsed jf yorÁE¨ (2) olwYkd n(10)em&Dü tdrf ............ jyefa&mufMuonf /
um - wpfcNk y;D wpfcjk yorÁE¨ ( )
(3) &xm;onf yJc;l blwm ................ acwå &yfonf /( )

14/ (u) (1) armifñdkonf n(11) em&D wkid af tmif pmzwfavh 14/ ( i )
½do
S nf/( tcsed q
f ufwu kd jf y0dbwf ) u / / jzLjzL u oabmaumif;w,f/ (uwåm;0dbwf)
(2) olwdkY n (10) em&Dü tdrf odkY jyefa&mufonf/ rSm / / ausmif; rSm pmMunfhwdkuf ½Sd\/ (uwå uwåm;0dbwf )
( qdkufa&muf&mjy0dbwf ) odkY / / rwfv odkY a&mufNyD/ (qdkufa&muf&mjy0dbwf)
(3) &xm;onf yJcl;blwm wGif acwå &yfonf/ ESifh / / vufudk qyfjym ESihf aq;yg / (toHk;cHjy0dbwf)
( ae&mjy0dbwf ) jzifh / / q&mhaus;Zl;jzifh pmar;yJaG tmifNy/D (taMumif;jy0dbwf
tm;avsmfpGm/ / tcg tm;avsmpf mG vmcJhyg/ (vdkufavsmjy0dbwf)
14/ ( c ) jrKyo
f ;kH Edik af om emrf0b
d wfukd jrKS yíf 0gusukd jyefa&;yg/ ESit hf rQ / / tcsdef ESithf rQ pmvkyfae&\/ (vdkufavsmjy0dbwf )
(1) vonf omonf/ teuf / / yef;wdYk teuf ESi;f qDukd a½G;yg/ (cGx J w
k &f mjy0dbwf)
(2) yxrqkudk olucsnf; ESpfpOf &ygonf/ rS / / tdrf rS aps;wkid af tmif avSsmufc\hJ /(xGucf mG &mjy0dbwf)
(3) uRefronf eHeufwikd ;f yef;udk cl;onf/ wdik af tmif / / tdrfrS aps; wdik af tmif avQmufc\hJ /
14/ ( c )(1) v( ) omonf / ( qku
d af &muf&mjy...)
(2) yxrqkudk ol( )csnf; ESpfpOf &ygonf / zdkY / / ararh zdUk oeyfcg;acguf 0,fvm\/
(3) uRefronf eHeufwdkif; yef;( ) cl;onf / (&nfp;l csujf y0dbwf)
14/ ( * )toH;k cHjzpfaMumif; az:jyvdo

k nft h cgwiG f ESifh 0dbwfygaom
toH;k cHjyyk'u
f kd 0gusü rnfonfah e&mwGif xm;avh ½So d enf;/ 15/ 0gustoD ; oD ; wG i f oH k ; í rnf o nf h orÁ E ¨ t jzpf
om"u 0gus ( 2 )ck jyyg / oHk;aMumif; azmfjyyg/
14/ ( * )toH;k cHjzpfaMumif; azmfjyvdo k nfh tcgwiG f ]ESi}hf 0dbwf í? u? ESifh? wkdif? wdkifatmif? tcgwdkif;? rS? zdkU?
ygaom toHk;cHjyyk'fudk 0gusü Bud,m\ a½SUwGif xm;avh ESiw
hf pfNyKd ief uf? xuf? aomfvnf;? ojzif?h &ef? wdik ;f ? atmif? um?
½Syd gonf/ vQif? ouJhodkY.......
om"u/ / (1) bbonf acG;udk wkwaf umufEiS hf ½G,rf o d nf/ 15/ í / / olajymjyí odMu&onf/ (taMumif;jyorÁE¨)
(2) rronf o&D;'D½yk ½f iS u
f kd rsurf eS Ef iS hf Munfhae\/ u / / BudK;pm;vkyf u 0ifaiGw;kd rnf/
(uefYowfcsufjyorÁE¨)
14/ (C) Bud-0dbwf onf ? NyD ? rnf wkdYonf tcsdKUaom ESifh / / rdk;½Gmonf ESifh xGefwHk;jyifukef\/ (tcsdefjyorÁE¨)
tar;ypö n f ; wd k Y E S i f h wJ G í oH k ; aomtcg toG i f r nf o d k Y wdik ^f wdik af tmif// olvmonfh apmif&h ayrnf/(tcsed jf yorÁE)¨
ajymif;vJwwfoenf;/ om"u 2 ck jyyg/ tcgwdkif;/ / olvmonfh rke0Yf ,fvmonf/ (tcsed jf yorÁE)¨
14/ (C) Bu, d m0dbwf onf? Ny?D rnf wdo Yk nf tcsKd Uaomtar; rS / / rd;k vGef rS xGecf sjcif; rjyKoifah y/ (tcsed jf yorÁE)¨
ypönf;wkdYESifhwJGí oHk;aomtcg ]onf onf o}? ] NyD onf y}? zdkY^&ef/ / azaz zwf zd^Yk &ef w&m;pmtkyf 0,fyg/
]rnf onf r ESihf rSm}wdo Yk Ykd toGiaf jymif;vJ wwfygonf / (tusKd ;arQmjf yorf...)
om"u/ / &efâtmif/ / 0ifaiGw;dk &ef BuKd ;pm;vky&f rnf/
(1) olvmonf/ olvm o vm;/ (tusKd ;arQmjf yorÁE)¨
(2) armifarmifa&mufNy/D b,fol a&mufywHk;/ xuf/ / armifbBuKd ;pm;onfxuf udkjru ydk\/
(ESKd i;f ,SOjf yorÁE)¨
14/(i) atmufyg emrf0b d wfwu Ykd 0kd gustoD;oD;wGio f ;kH jyyg/rnfonfh aomfvnf;/ / BudK;pm;aomfvnf; 0ifaiG rwd;k yg/
emrf0bd wftjzpfo;kH aMumif;udv k nf; 0duk uf iG ;f jzifjh yyg/ (qefYusifjyorÁE¨)
u? rSm? wdik af tmif? od?Yk wGi?f ESi?hf jzif?h tm;avsmpf mG ? ESiw hf pfjyKd ief uf/ / rd;k usonf ESiwhf pfNyKd ief uf xGew f ;kH jyifMuonf/
ESit
hf rQ? teuf? rS? ud?k \? zdYk (tcsdefjyorÁE¨)
wdkif; / / olvmwdik ;f rke0Yf ,fvmonf/ (tcsdefjyorÁE¨)
enf;vrf;/ / (1) wnfae&mt& emrf emrfpm;&JUaemufrSm xm;oHk;/ ouJhodkY / / olBudK;pm;ouJhodkY BudK;pm;Muyg/
(2) wm0eft& oufqikd &f m emrfukd a0zef ydik ;f jcm;rSKay; (ESdKif;,SOfjyorÁE¨)
um / / aowåmudkzGiu hf m pmtkyfudk,lonf/
(wpfckNyD;wpfckjyorÁE¨)
um^&if;/ / aq;wH udkuf &if; ûm v,fxeG af e\/
(............................) 16/ ( * ) atmufygemrfwEYkd iS hf rsdK;jyypönf; wpfrsKd;ru wJEG ikd f
vQif / / MudK;pm; aqmif½GufvQif 0ifaiGw;kd rnf/ aMumif;.../
( .........................) jrm;? "m;? vl? pm;yJG? BudK;
eSifh/ / rdk;½Gmonf ESifh opfyifwdkY pdrf;vef;vm\/ 16/ ( * ) jrm; - jrm;ESpfvuf? jrm;ESpfpif;
( ........................) vl - vloHk;OD;? vlo;kH a,muf
ojzifh / / rdk;½Gmojzifh opfyifrsm; pdrf;vef;vmonf/ BudK; - BudK;ESpfacG? BuKd ;ESpfacsmif;
(.........................)
ESifh / / jzLjzL ESifh 0g0g onf tvGef&if;ESD;Buonf/
(..........................) 17/ (u) ]ud}k [laom pum;vH;k udk Bud,mwl ESpfckBum; xm;í
odkYr[kwf / / aumfzD odrYk [kwf vufzuf&nf 0,fcyhJ g/ vnf;aumif;? emrf? emrfpm;wd\ Yk aemufwiG f xm;ívnfaumif;
( ........................) ypön;f tjzpf oH;k jyyg/
17/ (u) Bud,mwl ( 2 )ckMum;
a0'em oufomaprnfh aq;udk aomu aomuff udkaomuf
&rnf/
16/ (u) 0gustoD;oD;wGif oH;k jyyg? rnfonfh emrfypön;f tjzpf emrf\ aemuf
oHk;onfudkvnf; 0dkufuGif;jzifh jyyg/ xdtk rSKwiG f w&m;olBuD;ud ku t*wd vdu k o
f mG ;onf/
uJhodkY ? zdk? a,muf? cefY? wum? [,f? wnf;[laom? yg?
vdk? ½Sif....... emrfpm;\ aemuf
'Dta&;rSm olud ku nHw h myg/
16/ (u)
uJhodkY / / owå0gtm;vHk;prf;a& uJo h Ykd at;csr;f ygap/
(Oyrmypönf;)
½Sif / / y&d o wf r sm; ½S i f . .? 17/ ( c ) ]rsm;} ypönf;onf emrf? emrfpm;? Bud,m toD;oD;\
aus;Zl ; jyK í em;qif y g½S i f / av;eufrIudk&nfneT ;f Edik af Mumif; om"u0gus wpfcpk jD yyg/
(tmvkyfypönf;) 17/ ( c )tarrsm; odomG ;vQif igu h qkd rl mS yJ/ (emrf\av;eufr)I
[,f / / [,f...trwfw?Ykd cd;k olukd awG\Y avm/ olrsm; a&mufESifh ae&if tm;emp&mBuD;/(emrfpm;\ av;eufrI)
(tmvkyyf pön;f ) igwu Ykd kd apmifhrsm;apmifhaeyghrvm;/ (Bud,m\ av;eufrI)
tdk / / tdk ....rdcif? om;awmfukd cGijhf yKyg/ (tmvkyyf pön;f )
yg / / rif;wdEYk iS t hf wl ig yg vdu k rf ,f/ (emrfaxmufypön;f )
wdkY / / rif;wdYk b,fujyefvmovJ/ (udef;nTef;ypönf;) 18/ (u) yk'fajymif;ypönf;onf Bud,mudk emrf? emr0daooe?
yif / / xef;ajcmufyif udk jrif&vm; / (rsdK;jyypönf;) Bud,m0daooetjzpf ajymif;EdkifaMumif; om"ujyyg/
ol / / ausmif;olrsm; tuwdu k af e\/ (vdin f eT ;f ypön;f )
wdkif; / / vlwikd ;f rSm pdwaf umif;wpfcak wmh ½So d nf/ 18/ (u) Bu, d myk'f yk'af jymif;ypön;f ajymif;oGm;onfyh 'k f
( 0dpämypön;f ) pm; zG,f pm;zG,f ( emrfyk'f )
pm; onfh pm;onf(h tpm)
( emr0daooeyk'f)
cifrif pGm cifrifpGm
16/ ( c ) atmufygemrf emrfwu Ykd kd rsKd ;jyypön;f tjzpf oH;k Edik af Mumif;jyyg/ (Bu,d m0daooeyk')f
tdrf ? ausmif; ? vrf;? NrKd ?Y uef? jrpf
18/ (* ) yk'af jymif;ypön;f onf Bu, d mESihf emr0daooewdu Yk kd emrf?
16/ ( c ) tdrf - tdrf ig;tdrf emr0daooe Bud,m0daooetjzpfodkY ajymif;ay;EdkifaMumif;
ausmif; - ausmif; ESpfausmif; om"ujyyg/
vrf; - vrf; oHk; vrf;
18/ ( * )rlvyk'f yk'af jymif;ypön;f ajymif;oGm;onfhyk'f taxGaxG
aumif; + rI aumif;rI ( emrf ) atmufygwdkYrS oHk;ckudk Bud,m0daooetjzpf 0guswpfckpDü
oGm; + onfh oGm;onfh (emr0daooe) oH;k yg/ teuft"dymÜ ,ft& rnfonfh Bu, d m0daooe jzpfaMumif;
av;pm; + pGm av;pm;pGm (Bud,m0daooe) udv k nf; 0du k u
f iG ;f jzifh jyyg/
tenf;i, i,f? cP cP? rsm;pGm? ,Ofaus;pGm? jyif;xefpGm? rnfrQ?
19/ 0gustoD;oD;wGif emrfaxmufypön;f tjzpfo;kH jyyg/ w½dw k ao? rkcs? rxdwxd? w&Murf;? onf;xefpmG ? z½dzk &J? xm0pOf?
om? csn;f ? awmh? yif? awmif ....
19/ om / / owåavmuü vlom y"mejzpfayonf/ tenf;i,f/ / Oa&myordik ;f taMumif;udk tenf;i,f ajymjyyg/
csn;f / / uHudk csn;f ,d;k r,fzUGJ raeoifyh g/ (yrmPjyMu, d m0daooe)
awmh / / 0D&d,awmh ½SdrSjzpfr,f/ cP / / olUudk cP apmifh ckid ;f xm;ygvm;/
yif / / yxr&olrmS ÚmPfvif;xuf yif jzpf\ / (tcsdefjyBud,m0daooe)
awmif / / arQm&f wm Zuf awmif apmif;aeNy/D z½dkz&J / / ol0wfxm;yHrk mS z½dkz&J jzpfae\/
tajctaejyBud,m0daooe)
(taj
20/ (u) Bud,mudef;nTef;ypönf; Mu? ukef? Muukef wkdYudk rsm;pGm/ / wnif;oD;udk rsm;pGm rpm;oifah cs/
jrKS yof ;kH Edik af Mumif; om"ujyyg/ ( yrmPjyBud,m0daooe )
20/ (u) rlv0gus jrKS yo
f ;kH onf0h gus ,Ofaus;pGm/ / pum;udk ,Ofaus;pGm ajymqdkMuyg/
q&mwdYk vmMurnf/ q&mwkYd vmrnf/ ( trlt&mjyBu, d m0daooe)
ausmif;om;rsm; vmMuNy/D ausmif;om;rsm; jyif;xefpGm/ / rkefwdkif;onf jyif;xefpmG wku d cf wfomG ;\/
vmNy/D (tajctaejyBu, d m0daooe)
olwYkd oGm;Muuke\f / olwo Ykd mG ;\/ rnfrQ/ / pmudk rnfrQ usurf w S Nf y;D NyeD nf;/
(tar;Bud,m0daooe)
20/ ( c )0gustoD;oD;wGif Bud,maxmufypönf;tjzpf oHk;jyyg/ w½dkwao/ / vlBuD;rdbudk w½dw k ao qufqHyg/
om? csnf;? awmh ? yif/ awmif? ... ( trlt&mjyBud,m0daooe)
tajz rkcs/ / BudK;pm;vQif rkcs atmifjrifrnf/
20/ ( c )om / / odomodap rjrifygapESi/hf (tajctaejyBu, d m0daooe)
csn;f / /pm; csn;f raebJtvkyv f nf;vkyMf uygO;D / rxdwxd/ / udu k o kd nf olwpfyg;udk rxdwxd usDp,fwwf\/
awmh / / tvkyf½Sif vm awmh r,faemf/ (tajctaejyBu, d m0daooe)
yif / / xdkowif;udk odyif rodvdkuf&yg/ w&Murf;/ / abmvHk;wdkufppfrI;onf w&Murf; upm;oGm;\/
awmif / / vlBu;D awGu a&muf awmif a&mufaeNy/D (trlt&mjyBu, d m0daooe)
21/ ajzmifhwef;? ukef? vSdKufvSJpGm wdkYudk 0guswpfckpDü oHk;jyyg / onf;xefpmG / / raeYnu rd;k onf;xefpmG &GmoGef;\/
(usu d sw
d uf? ½dik ;f yif;? urf;uke)f (tajctaejyBu, d m0daooe)
tajz xm0pOf/ / ynmudk xm0pOf avhvmaetyfonf/
ajzmifhwef; / / ta0;ajy; vrf;rBuD;rsm;onf ajzmifw h ef; ( tcsdefjyBud,m0daooe)
aeavonf/
ukef / / olwdkY jyef ukejf y/D q&mhtrSm / / o'´gavhusifhcef; 10 rSwzf ;kd twGuf jyifqif&mrSm
vSdKufvSJpGm / / {nfhonfukdvu Id v
f pJS mG BudKyg/ em;vnfatmif tm;xkwfjcif;? pdwf0ifwpm; avhvmjcif;? vufawGU
usdusdwuf / / "e½Sif OD;abm*onf aiGaMu; usu d sw
d uf avhusifhjcif;? a0zef qef;ppfjcif;? EdIkif;,SOfjcif; pwJh odvdk wwfvdk
<u,f0\/ pl;prf;vdwk hJ ÚmPfynmudk xkwof ;kH zdYk t"duvdtk yfygw,f/ tusifha[mif;twdik ;f
½dkif;yif; / / tm;i,foludk uln½D ikd ;f yif; Mu&ygrnf/ tajzawGuykd J rSwaf evdYk awmh ydik Ef ikd rf ,f r[kw/f avhusifhcef; ta&twGuf
urf;ukef / / udkudkonf wpfyg;ol tcufBuHKvQif 400 ausmfrmS rSwpf &mawGu axmifcsDaevdYk yg/ jrefrmpm*kPxf ;l &rSwf
aemufrqkwfwrf; urf;ukef ulnaD vonf/ jynfh0Muygap/ /

yk*HacwfuAsm - aoOfvnfaMumifrif;vufxuf
1/ a½TESifh,dk;rSm; yef;pHum; ( uAsmtzJGUyHkpH- vuFm^tcsif;i,f ) ( a&;ol- trnfroda½S;pmqdk )
odk;uav.. ykygÜ ;ewfawmif? tacgijf rifzh sm;? pHak wmjym;ü? eH½Y mS ;BuKd iv f iG ?hf cgwefyiG o
hf nf? a½TEiS ,
hf ;kd rSm; yef;pHum;/
odk;uav... pHum;yGiEhf iS ?hf EdiI ;f wifEh ;kd onf? &JrsK;d orD;? armifBu;D ESr? nufvjS ympif? r,fo h nfyifonf? c&D;om;/
odk;uav... NrdwfvGwfpkvnf;? ti,fwnf;u? uRrf;0ifMuonf? arG;zwl&if;? rsKd;onfrif;ESifh? cspfjcif;pk½Hk;?
oufxufq;kH onf
ESvHk; rjcm; apmifw h &m;/
aqGrrd if;... rsuo f w
k ef pD if? &xnf;zsiEf iS ?hf usKid ;f pifjr0g? rwfBu;D vsmud?k r,fom BuKd urf ?d wkr½d/S /
vuFm ^ tcsif;i,f trnfroda½S;pmqdk
ar;cG e f ; wd k
ar;cGef;oabmESifh tajzay;yHk / / oufqdkif&moifcef;pmeJY oifcef;pm&JU rdwfqufed'gef; awGxJu odrSwfp&mawGukd ar;wmyg/
tajzay;wJhtcg vk&d if;udk wk½d iS ;f ajz&rSmyg/ ar;cGe;f u]]zd;k olawmfO;D rif;\ Zmwdukd ajzyg /}}vdUk ar;&if tajzudk vd&k if;yJ]]rdwv
D¬ mNrKd UteD;
a&a0½Gm jzpfygonf/}}vdkU 0guswdk oHk;NyD;ajz&if vHkavmufygNyD usufrSwfwJh ae&m rSmawm h]]ukef;abmifacwfpmqdk
zd;k olawmfO;D rif;\ ZmwdrmS rdw¬DvmNrdKUteD; a&a0½Gm}}qdkwJhoabmrsKd; rSwfxm;&ygr,f/
*½kjyK&rSmu ay;xm;? ar;xm;wJh ar;cGe;f &JU b,feyH gwfukd ajzw,fqwkd m uJuG jGJ ym;jym; jzpfatmif eHygwfwyfzYkd yg/ eHygwfwyf rSm;&if
trSeuf kd ajzxm;vnf; tar;ESihf tajz uGvJ aJG eygvdrhf r,f/ olYae&meSihf ol ajzwm a&&m aocsmzdYk owdjyK avhusifhoGm;&ygr,f/
erlemar;cGef;ESifh tajz
3/ ( u ) atmufygwdkYrS wpfckudk ajzyg/
(1) ]ESv;kH rjcm;}onf rnfonfh t"dymÜ ,f&oenf;/
(2) OD;ykn\ omraPbGJUudk azmfjyyg/
tajz- twdkrSwfenf;
3/ ( u ) (2) ½Sifyknmbd"Z jzpfygonf/ ( a½TEiS hf vuFm yk*rH mS 0ef? aoOfvnf AE¨ usrf;om&
OD;wif? yef;yJarmifwifw h ,f\ ESryif )
'Doifcef;pmrSm ar;wwfwmawGu
( 1 ) ]ewfawmif][lonf rnfonft h "dymÜ ,f&oenf;/
( 2 ) ]ESvHk;rjcm;}[lonf rnfodkY qdkvdkoenf;/
( 3 ) uAsmAEöm&usrf;udk rnfol jyKpkoenf;/
( 4 ) yef;yJarmifwifwh ,f\ ESri,f taMumif; a&;zJUG onfu h Asm[k rnfoul qdx
k m;oenf;/
( 5 ) ykymÜ ;awmifukd a½TawmifBu;D [k tb,haf Mumifh xifrw S &f oenf;/
( 6 ) ykyÜm;u pHum;0gyef;udk cl;í yk*Heef;awmfodkY aeYpOf qufo&ol\ trnfudk azmfjyyg/ (2011- &efukef )
aqG;aEG; a0zefp&m atmufyg tcsufawGudk avhvmyg/
1/ ,d;k rSm;? pHak wmjym;? eH½Y mS ;? r,fo h nfyif? rsK;d onfrif;? Nrw d vf w
G ?f pkvnf? &xnf;? rsuo f w
k ef pD if wd\
Yk t"dymÜ ,f/
2/ ]a½TEiS , hf ;kd rSm; yef;pHum;} onf uAsmyg ykymÜ ;olav;udk wifpm; zGUJ qx kd m;onfh uAsmpmom;jzpfonf[k qdx k u
kd yf /kH
3/ uAsmwpfy'kd cf si;f pD\ qdkvdk&if;/
4/ atmufyg pum;vH;k wdo Yk nf MoZ*kPaf jrmufy/kH
eH½Y mS ;BuKd iv f iG ?hf nufvjS ympif? rsuo
f wk ef pD if? usKid ;f pifjr0g? &JrsK;d orD;
5/ rde;f rysKad v;\ b0ZmwfaMumif; ajymjy[ef/
6/ rde;f rysKad v;\ pdwx f m;/
7/ rde;f rysKad v;onf rdr\ d b0Zmwfvrf;udk rif;r[m*D&d ewfrif;tm; rnfow Ykd ikd w
f nf avQmufxm;[ef/
uAsmhteuf wdkYudk ykyÜg;a'o\ udk;uG,f&m rif;r[m*D&dewfrif;BuD;xH
ykygÜ ;ewfawmifonf ewfwaYkd ysmpf &H mawmif/ jrifrh m; ]od;k uav} (od;k udak v)[k tpcsw D ikd w
f nf onfuakd wGU&ygonf/
acgio f D vSonfh pHNk rKd iaf wm½d/S tcg&moDEiS t hf nD pHum;0gyef;wdYk
qufvufí uAsmwGif -
arT;ysUH BuKd iv
f iId pf mG zl;yGiNhf rJ ajr/
]ykygÜ ;ewfawmif ...tacgijf rifzh sm;
a½Ttqif;uJhodkY0g0if;vSyaom pHum;0gyef;uav; pHak wmjym;ü? eH½Y mS ;BuKd iv f iG hf
rsm;onf pHrk ufEpS o f ufz, G yf if/ xdkYtwl rdef;rysKdav;rSmvnf;
cgwefyiG o hf nf? a½TEiS , hf ;kd rSm; yef;pHum;}
pHum;0gyef;yGifhav;ESifh EdIif;avmufonf/ wifhw,fvSyonf/
tom;ta&pifMu,f nufanmonf/ &J&ifah om trsK;d tEG,rf S [kqu kd m awmifyyk gÜ ;ESihf yef;pHum;0g vdu k zf ufpmG jrifawGUEikd yf u
kH kd
orD;ysKd jzpfonf/ rdbarmifbmG ; tpfuBkd u;D wd\ Yk oGeo f ifru I kd azmfñTef;wdkifwnfxm;onf/ rdrdaexdkif&m t&yfXmaeudk
cH,íl vdrm® ,Ofaus;olav; jzpfonf/ r,fch spo f rl mS c&D;vrf; wefz;kd xm;olav;[k jzpfaMumif; tuJjzwfEikd yf gonf/
ta0;wpfae&modYk (wm0efjzif)h a&muf½aSd eonf/ wpfqufwnf;rSmyif -
r,fEiS ahf rmifwo Ykd nf r,fav; i,fpOft½G,(f Nrw d vf wG f ]pHum;yGiEhf iS hf EdiI ;f wifEh ;kd onf
qHx;kH ? pkvnf;qHx;kH xH;k wwfcgpt½G,)f uwnf;u oHa,mZOf &JrsK;d orD; armifBu;D ESr? nufvjS ympif
½dcS MhJ uonf/ cspu f Rr;f 0ifcMhJ uonf/ cspo f al rmifukd zcifozG,f r,fo h nfyifonf c&D;om;/}
tm;xm;onf/ cifyeG ;f tjzpf &nfrw S x
f m;Ny;D cspo f nf/ arwåmukef [kqjkd yefonf/ jrwfE;kd xdu k af om pHum;0gyef;av;rsm;\ tvSEiS hf
yHt k yfxm;onf/ oufq;kH wdik f opömapmifhoo d mG ;rnfh arwåmrsK;d ,SOu f m rdr\ d tvSukd wifpm;xm;onf/ usuo f a&wifw h ,frI
xm;½dyS gonf/ ESv;kH om;csi;f uGjJ ym;jcm;em;rI r½daS om arwåmjzpf aumif ; jcif ; vu© P mwd k Y u d k v nf ; arT ; Bud K i f a om yef ; &eH Y E S i f h
ygawmhonf/ cdkif;EdIif;vdkaMumif; awGU&ygonf/ 0if;0gpdkjynfaom? nufanm
cspo f cl ifyeG ;f onf rif;rIxrf;wpfO;D jzpfonf/ a½Tcg;pnf; El;nHph ifMu,faom tom;ta&jzifh cspcf ifEpS o f ufz, G f jzpfaMumif;
rsuEf mS okwyf 0gukd qifjref;cGi&hf ol jzpfonf/ teHBu;d ydwaf csm odjrif&ygonf/ &J&ifhaom trsKd;tEG,f0if orD;aumif;jzpfol?
txnfEiS hf chHnm; zGUH xmG ; BuUH cikd o f nf/ bk&if;rif;jrwf\ ,HMk unf rdbarmifzmG ;wd\ Yk tkyx f ed ;f apmifah ½SmufrjI zifh vdrm® ,Ofaus;ol?
udk;pm;jcif;udkvnf; cH,l&ol jzpfonf/ trwfBuD; &mxl; ud, k u f siw hf &m; jrifjh rwfol jzpfaMumif;vnf; jrifawGUvm&onf/
ceft Y yf&efyif vsmxm;cH&Ny;D jzpfygonf/ þodaYk om cspo f al rmif
tay: ud;k pm;,HMk unf cspjf rwfE;kd &aom rdr\ d arwåmBu;D rm;yHu k kd xdjYk yif -
wkEiId ;f jyzG,&f myif r½Syd gawmhacs/ ] r,fhonfyifonf c&D;om;/}
[k qdkxm;&m c&D;oGm;cspfolarmiftay: xm;½dSaom ol\
arwåmw&m;udk pHum;0gajrt½Sifrif;r[m*D&dewfrif;BuD;xH
oufaoxm;vd[ k ef ½Sad Mumif; cefrY eS ;f &ygonf/
ar;cGef;½Snf ajzqkdyHk avhvmcsuf
ar; - (..........) udk xkwEf w k f wifjyyg/ olw\ Ykd arwåmZmwfvrf;udv k nf; -
a½TEiS , hf ;kd rSm;yef;pHum;uAsmyg rde;f rysKad v;\ av;pm;zG,f ]Nrw d v f wG pf v k nf;
0kP, f zl , G u f ,kd u f siw hf &m;? arwåmw&m; ti,fwnf;u? uRr;f 0ifMuonf
arG;z wl&if;? rsK;d onfrif;ESihf
]a½TEiS ,
hf ;kd rSm; yef;pHum;}onf yk*aH cwfuAsm wpfy'k f
cspjf cif;pk½;kH ? oufxufq;kH onf
jzpfygonf/ aoOfvnfaMumifrif;vufxufwGif ay:ayguf
ESvHk; rjcm;? apmifhw&m;/}
cJo
h nf[v k nf; tqdk ½do S nf/ uAsmwGif yk*aH cwf ykymÜ ;a'o½Sd
[kwifjyxm;&m olwEYkd pS Of ;D rSm i,fpOfuwnf;uyif cspu f Rr;f 0if
rdef;rysKdav;wpfOD;\ udk,fusifhw&m;? arwåmopömw&m;wdkYudk
cifrifum ESpzf ufrb d wdu Yk vnf; pdwo f abm wlrQMuNy;D jzpfonf/
ESpo f ufz, G f jrifawGUEikd of nf/
twGif;odtpif;od &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifaom aqGrsKd; &if;rsm; yrm
uAsmyg rde;f rysKad v;rSm ykygÜ ;a'orS jzpfy&kH onf/ ol\ jzpfawmhonf/ ESpfOD;om;rSmvnf; pdwfoabmxm;jcif; uGJjym;
cspo f rl mS rif;rIxrf;wpfO;D jzpfNy;D c&D;vrf;wpfco k Ykd a&muf½aSd e[ef jcm;em;jcif ; r½d S / wpf O D ; ay:wpf O D ; pd w f c s,H k M unf p G m opö m
½Sod nf/ ol\ cspo f l cifyeG ;f tay: xm;½daS om arwåmoHa,mZOf apmifo h Md uonf/
xdaYk Mumifh olwYkd ESpOf ;D \ arwåmZmwfvrf;rSm Nird ;f csr;f
P43
a½TESifh ,dk;rSm;rS tvuFm ajrmufyHk
at;jrvSygonf/ &D;oGm; cspo f al rmiftay: tjrwfwEd;k opöm
apmifhodaom rdef;rysKdav;\ udk,fusifhodu©mudk txift½Sm; ar;cGef;oammm/ / udk,fajzqdkwJh tvuFmud k ]]rnfonfh
jrifawGU&onfrmS av;pm;zG,yf if jzpfawmhonf/ oifcef;pmrSm rnfodkYoHk;xm;aMumif;}}eJY tJh'DtvuFm[m
xdjYk yif - ]]tb,faMumifh xdt
k vuFmajrmufaMumif;}}½Si;f jy&ygr,f/
]rsuo f w k ef pD if? &xnf;zsiEf iS hf usufrSwf&ef pepf/ / yk'f&if;eJY wGJzufNyD; tvuFmajrmufyHk
usKid ;f pifjr0g? rwfBu;D vsmud?k oabmudk *CeP aphiNk y;D rS aocsmrSwof m;oifyh gw,f/
r,fomBuKd urf ?d wkr½d/S } 1/ a½TESifh,dk;rSm; ( OyrmtvuFm )
[laom wifjycsuüf cspo f al rmifonfom rdr\d aqGrsK;d &if;csm? rdr\d ]]a½TEiS , hf ;kd rSm; yef;pHum;}} uAsmwGif yef;pHum;0gw\ Ykd
tm;xm;&m? rdrd\ udk;pm;,HkMunf&m[k pGJrSwfxm;yHk? ol\ ESpo f ufz, G t
f qif;udk ñTef;qdkonfh ykyÜm;ol rdef;rysdKav;\
cspof al rmifukd twkr½daS om arwåmjzifh cspcf yhJ ?kH cspo pum;wGif oH;k xm;ygonf/
f al rmifrmS vnf;
a½Tcg;pnf;y0geED iS hf zGUzH UHG xmG ;xGm; pifMu,fpjkd ynfol jzpfNy;D bk&if 0if;0gaomtqif;jzifh ESpo f ufz, G ½f ydS kH *kP&f nfwtl jzpf
rif;jrwfuyif trwfBu;D &mxl; ceft Y yf&ef a½G;cs,f vsmxm;cH&olpHum;0gyef; (tEdiI ;f cH)ud k a½T (tEIid ;f )ESESifh cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;aomaMumifh
jzpfyHk xdkodkY tm;udk;xdkufaom *kPf&nf jynfhpHkol cspfolarmif OyrmtvuFm ajrmufygonf/
tay: xm;½do S nfh ol\ arwåmtxktxnfrmS euf½iId ;f vSyw kH u
Ykd kd
2/ pum;yGiEhf iS Ehf iId ;f wifEh ;dk onf ( OyrmtvuFm )
xifom jrifom jzpfc&hJ ygonf/ ]]............}}uAsmwGif rdr\ d tvSudk wifpm; ñTef;qdkol
ykyÜm;olav;\ pum;tjzpf oHk;xm;ygonf/
rd e f r ysKd a v;^...\ ud k , f u sif h arwå m w&mwd k Y r S m
*kP, f al v;pm;zG,f jzpfygawmhownf;/ / ESpfvdkzG,f&mvSyyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf t jzpf tom;ta&
0if;0gum ESpo
^...xif½mS ;ae&m a½S;jrefrm trsdK;orD;wdYk \ pHerlemjzpfvsuf½odS nf[k f ufz, G f tqif;tcsi;f ½So d l rde;f rysKd (tEdiI ;f cH)udk
qdkxdkufvSygownf;/^ (a½S;jrefrmtrsKd;orD; wdkY\ £ajE´? odu©m? udk,fusifhw&m; 0if;0gaomtqif; oif;BuKd io f nf&h eH ½Sod nfh pHum;0gyef; (tEdiI ;f )ESihf
cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;aomaMumifh OyrmtvuFm ajrmufygonf/
apmifhxdef;yHkESifh ajzmifhrSefaom cspfjcif;arwåm w&m;xm;½dSyHkwdkYudk yk*Hacwf ykyÜm;olav;u
pHerlem jyvsuf ½dSonf) [k qdkxdkufvSygawmhownf;/ / 3/ ESvHk;rjcm; (0uF0kwådtvuFm)
]] .............}}uAsmwGif cspfolcifyGef;tay: opöm
xm;jrwfEdk;aMumif; wdkifwnfol rdef;rysKdav;\pum;tjzpf
ar;cG e f ; a[mif ; avh v mcsuf oH;k xm;ygonf/
1/ a½S ; acwf jref r mtrsKd ; orD ; w d k Y \ ES p f v d k z G , f & mtqif ; ? tjcm;wpfyg;olwt Ykd ay: arwåmouf0if ajymif;vJjcif;
udk,fusifhodu©mESifh cspfjcif;arwåmudk wifjyyg/ ^*kPf,lzG,f&m rnfodkY r½S d [ k wd k u f ½ d k u f r qk d b J ]ES v H k ; rjcm;}[k oG , f 0 d k u f z G J U q d k
a&;zGUJ xm;oenf;/ ........ wduYk kd pmqdu
k rnfoYkd zJUG qx
kd m;oenf;/ xm;aomaMumifh 0uF0w k då tvuFm ajrmufygonf/
2/ yk*Hol rdef;rysdKav;\ aopömarwåm BuD;rm;rIudk avhvmwifjyyg/
3/ rdef;rysKdonf rdrd\ b0Zmwfvrf;udk r[m*D&dewfrif;tm; rnfodkY
wdkifwnf avQmufxm;oenf;/ ( avhusifh yg)
4/ rde;f rysKad v;\ arwåmZmwfvrf;udk ay:viG af tmifwifjyyg/
5/ rde;f rysK\ d cspjf cif;arwåmudk rnfoaYkd &;zGUJ wifjyxm;oenf;/
rEÅav;wdkif; ar;cGef;wpfck- ]a½TESifh,dk;rSm; yef;pHum; uAsmrS rdef;rysKdav;\ udk,fusifhw&m;ESifh
E F
arwåmZmwfvrf;udk ay:vGifatmif o½kyfazmfwifjyyg/
aqG;aEG;csu-f
'Dar;cGe;f udvk nf; ausmif;om;½IaxmifhrS ajzyg/ txufyg tajzudk tenf;i,f
jyKjya&;om;wwfwmeJU tajzaumif;wpfck jzpfoGm;rSmyg/

0guszJGU avhusifhcef;rsm;
( 0dZÆm odyÜ vlUudpö ? aEGOD;umv jrLxaomcg ? ppfrSmwpfrlwdkYrS 0guszJGUrsm;)

1/ aemifw / / trSm;udk jyefawG;um &aejcif;onf tusK;d r½S/d
2/ uspfvspf / / jrefrmrav;rsm;onf taetxdik f vS o nf /
3/ obif / / ynm*kPjf zifh yJGv,f wifw h ,fygap/
4/ 0dZÆm odyÜ / / vlom;jzpfvmvQif wduYk kd oif,&l pNryJ if/
5/ xef;avQmf / / xef;awmwGif udkom BudK;tjzpf oHk;av\/
6/ jrL / / aqmif;tukef aEGtul; qdik ;f csed rf mS xef;cl;Mu\/
7/ wHpYkd / / rkqdk;onf ,kefaumifvHk;udk jzif h xd;k umrD;zdw k iG f uifavonf/
8/ &if;axmif^&if;qGJ / / xef;orm;onf yif0ufxd jzifhwufNyD; xef;yifZuf a&mufatmif ud k oHk;avh½Sdonf/
9/ aomif;ajymif; / / oD;pHk ½GufpHk a&mí csOf&nfcsufxm;yg/
10/ tke;f cHG / / jrif;aumif;vdkvQif udka½G;yg/
11/ Oyg,f / / bk&ifhaemifonf jzifh aemif½;kd wdu k yf GJ atmifc\ hJ /
12/ axmif;axmif; / / rD;cd;k aiGUwYkd xatmif awmrD;avmifaeav\/
13/ yk&pf / / ½Gufa<uyifwGif ½GufopfOD; av;rsm;xGuv f m\/
14/ wap / / &moDpmtcsdKUudk ESpfaygufvHk; pm;oH;k Edik Nf y/D
15/ ydu k w
f ef; / / rkqdk;onf jzif h ,keaf xmifum [if;pm;½Sm\/
16/ pyspf / / a½S;cgu pm;zG,fwdkYudk xJwGif jyifavh½Sdonf/
rSwo
f m;zG,f acwftpOf
1/ yk*Hacwf ( ESpfaygif; - 295 cefY )( 406 - 661 ) ( c&pfESpf 1044 - 1299 ) yk - vGefcJhtESpf 950 ausmfu p/
2/ yif;,acwf ( - / - 64 cefY )( 661 - 725 ) ( c&pfESpf 1299 - 1363 ) yif; - 700 cefYrS p/
3/ tif;0acwf( - / - 162 cefY )( 726 - 888 ) ( c&pfESpf 1364 - 1526 ) tif; - 630 0ef;usifu p/
4/ awmifilacwf( - / - 30 cefY )( 889 - 958 ) ( c&pfESpf 1527 - 1596 ) awmif - 470 0ef;usifu p/
5/ anmif&rf;acwf( - / - 150 cefY )( 959 - 1113) ( c&pfESpf 1597 - 1751 ) anmif - 400 cefUu p/
6/ ukef;abmifacwf( - / - 133 cefY )( 1114-1247 ) ( c&pfESpf 1752 - 1885 ) ukef;abmif - vGefcJhtESpf 250 cefYu p/
7/ ygawmfrlacwf( q,fhav;ESpfwmrQ )( 1248-1262 ) ( c&pfESpf 1886 - 1900 ).... ( ygawmf udek D vGwvf yfNynf )

yif;,acwfuAsm ( jrefrmESpf 700 ywf0ef;usif )
A Z
2/ jrifpdkif;a½Tjynf (umcsi;f tzJ)UG
(a&;ol- ig;pD;½Sif ausmfpGm) ( ½Srf;nDaemifoHk;OD;rS wpfpD;½SifoD[olY om;awmf? 674 yif;,ü eefwuf )
wm0wðom? ewf½Gmavm? ewf½Gmavm.../ [kwfwnf; ½Sifcsif; ½Sifcsif;? [kwfwnf; aqG&if; aqG&if;? [kwfwnf; onf&if; onf&if;/
jrifpdkif;[lonf .. a½Tjynf a½Tjynf/
jrifpdkif; a½Tajr ? yef;oif;acG yifajc csKHxufEG,f? csKHxufEG,f/
awmifav½Ief;½Ief;? rdk;cwftkef; uifykef; yGifhcsDcs,f? yGifhcsD cs,f/
EG,fyef;cGmñdk ? yGifhayvdk jymodk aqmif; vv,f? aqmif; vv,f/
awmifxGwfzsm;qD? a½TpmwD o&D& "mwfpG,f? o&D& "mwfpG,f/
,mqDajraumif;? usonfhajymif; raESmif; rSnfhaqmvG,f? rSnfhaqmvG,f/
cgESifhbkwfcsKd;? MuufawmrsdK; vdkpdk;usufajrus,f? usufajr us,f/
,SOfazmfra0;? azmfa½Taus; pmaET; pm;vdkzG,f? pm;vdk zG,f/
,&nf;oGef;oGef;? jrif;onf0ef; vSHcRef; wGef;wufy,f? wGef; wufy,f/
apmvl;pDwef rsKd;quf'ef vsifxefjrifhrqG,f? jrifh rqG,f/
ajr§mufpnfvwD;? 0ifcgeD; apmxD;eef;xufus,f? eef;xufus,ff/
omonfhajrjyif? apmewf½Sif eef;cGif½Iwifhw,f? ½Iwifh w,f/
txl; avm? wufwdrf avm? aea&mif avm/ /
avhvm&ef
1/ usufajr? pmaET;? ,&nf;? ajr§mufpnf? apmvl; wdkY\ t"dyÜm,fudk ar;cGe;f ½Snf â[mif;avhvm&ef
avhvmyg/ 1/ jrifpikd ;f a½Tjynfawmf\ *kPu f kd rnfoYkd a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/
2/ jrifpdkif;a½Tjynfü rnfonfh&moDwGif rnfonfhyef;rsm; wifhw,favh
½dSoenf;/
2/ jrifpikd ;f aejynfawmf\ *kPu f kd a&;zJUJG aom pmqd\ k ta&;tzJUG ukd
3/ aus;iSufwdkYonf jrifpdkif;a½Tjynfü rnfodkYjrL;aysmfoenf;/ tuJ jz wf y g/
4/ jrifpikd ;f jynf\ NrKd Ujyvu©Pmwdu
Yk m; tb,fenf;/om,myHu 3/ jrifpdkif;a½Tjynf om,m0ajymyHkudk avhvmwifjyyg/
k kd wifjyyg/
5/ jrifpikd ;f om;wd\Yk Zmwdrmefxufoefyu kH kd ay:viG af tmifa&;yg/ ^pmqduk
uAsmwGif awGU&aom jrifpikd ;f aejynfawmf\om,myHu k kd
rnfodkY azmfusL;xm;oenf;/
pdw0f ifpm;zG,af &;yg/ ^ jrifpdkif;NrKdUtvSudk pmyef;csDjc,fyg/({&m0wD)^
ar;cGe;f wdak vhusichf ef;twGuf jrifpdkif;NrdKUawmf\ om,myHkudk pmyef;csDjc,frIef;yg/ (ppfudkif;? csif;)
( 1 ) rnfonfh tcgwGif umcsif;udk oDqdkavh ½Sdoenf/ 4/ uAsmrS pmqd\ k ta&;tzJUG prG ;f &nfukd avhvmwifjyyg/
( 2 ) uma&;jyonf qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ 5/ uAsmrS jrifpdkif;jynf om,myHktvS o½kyfazmftzJGUrsm;ESifh
( 3 ) yk*jH ynfBu;D onf rnfonfrh if; vufxufwiG f NyKd uo GJ enf;/ Zmwdrmefo½kyfazmftzJGUrsm;taMumif; wifjyyg/(yJcl;)
( 4 ) yk*jH ynf NyKd uNGJ y;D aemuf rnfonfjh ynfi,frsm; ay:ayguv f moenf;/
( 5 ) ausmfpGmonf rnfonfhESpfwGif yif;,ü eef;wufcJhoenf;/ 6/ uAsmrS jrifpdkif;om;wdkY\ Zmwdrmefpdwf "mwfonf *kPf,ltm; uszG,f jzpfaMumif;
avhvmmwifjyyg/ (rGefu&ifweoFm&D)
jrifpdkif; yif;um ig;ausmfpGm½Srf;? 704 rSm
eef;wufvmprf;? oD[oli,fh om;ausmfpGmtpGrf;?
"m;a&;jyyGJ umudkifyGJvrf;? jymodkjrif;cif;obifETJprf; rSwfcsuf/ / cg;ywfawmfrSm a½TcsnfpHk? rdIif;vHk; a½T0wfvHk? rvHkom
yif;wnf ajcmufcGef av;yJ rSwfprf;....... csrf;at;jr...csD wsmbJGUudk pmqdki,fpOfu txl;ESpfNcdKufcJhw,fvdkY qdkw,f/

jrifpikd ;f aejynfawmf\ *kPf&nftzGJU [lí azmfjya&;zGyYJ gonf/
jrifpikd ;f jynf\ *kPu f kd yif;,acwfpmqdk jrifpikd ;f bk&if jrifpdkif;NrKdUawmfBuD;wnf&m t&yfrSm a&cH? ajrcH
ig;pD;½SifausmfpGmu tvuFmajrmuf? *kPfajrmuf? &oajrmuf aumif;vSonf/ v,f,majrwdüYk ajrqDMoZm aumif;rGev f o
S nf/
tzJw YG jYkd zifh ZmwdaoG;rmef wuf<uzG,f a&;zGUJ xm;ygonf/ aumufyo J ;D ESw H Ykd jzpfxeG ;f vG,o f nf/ xdaYk Mumifh jrifpikd ;f jynfwiG f
jrifpdkif;jynfonf wm0 wm0wðomtvm; wifhw,f\/ pm;a&&du©mtwGuf ylyifp&mr½dS/ uHkvHk <u,f0vS\/ jrifpdkif;
Owk&moD nDrQum opfyifyef;refwdkY a0qm\/ omo omoemawmf om;wdYk twGuf rqkx d m;bd cg? bkw?f Muufwal ½G;? csK;d iSuf ponfh
xGe;f um;\/ ajrqDMoZm aumif;um pm;a&&d&d u © m <u,f0\/ iSuaf us;pHw k o Ykd nfyif pdww f ikd ;f us jrL;aysmf usupf m;vsuf ½do S nf/
umuG , fa&;tiftm; awmifw h if;um tkyfcsKyfol rif;jrwfvnf; rScDS &kd mt&yfaumif; jzpfvsu½f o Sd nf/ þodYk rsK;d &dum© ayg<u,faom
bke;f Bu;D \/ þodaYk om *kP&f nfrsm;udk ESpv f pkd w
d x f m;yGm;um NrKd Ujyvu©Pm½Syd u kH v kd nf; -
wefz;kd xm;wwfatmif azmfusL;xm;ygonf/ ],mqDajraumif; usonfah jymif;
wifw h ,fom,maom? crf;em;vSyaom jrifpikd ;f jynfBu;D raESmif; rSnahf qmvG,?f rSnahf qmvG,/f
jzpfaMumif; ay:viG af p&ef pmqdu k umcsi;f wGif - cgEiS hf bkwf csK;d MuufawmrsK;d .........}
]wm0wðom ewf½mG avm ewf½mG avm...} ponfjzifh o½kyaf zmf zJUG qx kd m;ygonf/
[k tar;xkwo f u l xkwyf ?kH xdaYk Mumifv h nf; ud, k &hf yfu, kd jhf ynfukd jrifpikd ;f om;wdu Yk
][kww f nf; ½Sicf si;f ½Sicf si;f / wefz;kd xm;onf/ xde;f odr;f apmifah ½Smufonf/ umuG,af &;
[kww f nf; aqG&if; aqG&if;/ tiftm;udk awmifw h if; cdik rf matmifBuKd ;yrf;Muonf/ ppfonfwrYkd mS
[kww f nf; onf&if; onf&if;/} Ed k i f i H a wmf umuG , f a &;twG u f "g;a&;? vH S a &;? jrif ; a&;?
[k ajzoluajzyHw k Ykd ay:viG af pvsuf twdik t f azgun f n D D oDq[kd efjzifh wd k u f c d k u f a &;wd k Y u d k v nf ; tav;xm; vk y f a qmif M uonf /
tpcsD zGUJ qo kd nf/ xdaYk Mumifh -
jrif p d k i f ; jynf o nf Owk & moD nD r Q o nf / (12)v ],&nf;oGe;f oGe;f ? jrif;onf0ef;
&moDywfv;kH opfyifyef;refwYkd a0qmyGiv hf ef;ojzifh wG,w f mp&m? vScH Re;f wGe;f wufy,f }
jrwfEdk;p&m? aysmfarGUp&m jzpfayonf/ xdkYaMumifh a½Tajr[kyif paom tzG J U jzif h Zmwd a oG ; rmef j ynf h 0 onf h BuH Y c k d i f a om
wifpm;xdu k o f nf/ jrifpikd ;f aejynf awmfwnf&m t&yfa'o\ NrKd UawmfjzpfaMumif; o½kyaf zmfjyefonf/
þodaYk om wifw h ,f om,myHk *kP&f nfuv kd nf; - xdkodkYaom pGrf;&nfjyyGJ? NydKifyGJ? jrif;cif;obifrsm;odkY
]jrifpikd ;f a½Tajr? yef;oif;acG jrifpikd ;f bk&ifu, kd w f ikd f <ucst D m;ay; cs;D ajrm§ ufonf/ q'éEf , G 0f if
yifajc csKx H ufE, G f csKx
H ufE, G /f } qifjzLig;pD;½Sif jrifpdkif;rif;ysKdrSm bkef;wefcdk;BuD;ol jzpfonf/
]awmifav ½Ie;f ½Ie;f ? rd;k cwftek ;f eef;awmfBuD;rSmvnf; crf;em;xnf0gvSonf/ txl;xl;aom
uifyek ;f yGihf cscD s,f yGichf scD s,/f } wifw h ,fxeG ;f vif;aom a&mif½eSd w f jYdk zifh vSycHnh m;onf/ aumif;
]EG,yf ef;cGmñKd yGiahf yvdk jymodk aqmif;vv,f..} uifoYkd xd;k wufaeaom wdraf wmifrsm;ayavm[k tHMh o wifah rmzG,f
[laom tzGUJ jzifh ay:viG af tmif a&;zGUJ xm;ygonf/ ½dSvSonf/ þonfwdkYudk vnf; -
jrifpdkif;EdkifiHawmfBuD;onf Ak'ömoemawmf yGifhvef; ]apmvl;pD;wef rsK;d quf'ef
pnfyif&m t&yfjzpfonf/ ywf0ef;usi½f Sd jrif&h mjrwf&m awmifxw G f vsix f ef jrifrh qG,f jrifrh qG,.f ... /}}
awmifzsm;wdw Yk iG f a½TapwD w0if;0if; pHy,faeonfukd Munfñkd [k *kP, f zl , G &f m azmfjya&;zGUJ xm;ygonf/
zG,f zl;ajrmfEikd o f nf/ xdak pwDww Ykd iG f jrwfA'k \ ¨ o&D&"gwaf wmf jrifpikd ;f NrKd UawmftvSo½kyEf iS hf jrifpikd ;f om;wdYk Zmwdrmef
pG,af wmfwu Ykd kd Xmyemí ud;k uG,x f m;onf/ þodYk omoemawmf o½kyu f kd uAsmwGif þodv Yk Qif azmfusL; a&;zJUG xm;ygownf;/ /
xGe;f vif; pnfyif&m jrifpikd ;f NrKUd awmftvSuv kd nf; -
]awmifxw G zf sm;qD a½TpmwD
o&D&"gwpf , G f o&D&"gwpf , G }f
jrifpikd ;f a½Tjynfumcsi;f rS &½So d nfh okw? &o rsm; jrif;cif;obif yJGwdkYü þodkYvQif qifEJG &JaysmfMuacsrnf[k
P47
] jrifpikd ;f a½Tjynf umcsi;f }ud ud k yif;,acwf jrifpikd ;f bk&if avhvmrSe;f qEdik yf gonf/
ig;pD;½Siaf usmpf mG \ vuf&mrGet f jzpf avhvmrSwo f m;&ygonf/ yk*H jrifpdkif;bk&if apmvl;rif;ysdKonfvnf; jrif;cif;&modkU
jynfBuD; ysuftNyD; jrif;pdkif;?ppfudkif;?yif;, jynfi,frsm;udk ud,k w f ikd f <ucst D may;avh ½Sad Mumif;? i,fom;wdrYk mS vnf; ydík yif
½Sr;f nDaemifo;kH OD;u xlaxmifMuonf/ ti,fq;kH nD oD[ol\ pd w f t m; wuf < uzG , f jzpf c J h M uaMumif ; ? rif ; ES i f h i ,f o m;
om;awmf ausmpf mG onf jrifpikd ;f udpk m;&mrS jrefrmESpf (704)wGif wpfom;wnf; nDnw G af e[efukd vnf; jrif;awGU&ygonf/
yif,ü eef;wufco hJ nf[k od&ygonf/ uAsmwGif jrifpdkif;eef;awmfBuD; crf;em;yHk? a&mif½Sdef
jrifpikd ;f bk&if ausmpf mG onf ud, k w f ikd f umcsi;f a&;zJUG Ny;D ? xGe;f vif;yHw k u
Ykd v kd nf; tHMh ozG,f awGUEikd jf rifEikd yf gonf/
]um} u &mwGiv f nf; 0goemxHo k nf[k rSwo f m;&ygonf/ ]um} jrifpikd ;f a½Tjynf umcsi;f t& yif;,acwf jrifpikd ;f Edik if aH wmf
uonf qdo k nfrmS Aef;i,fuo hJ Ukdcyf0ikd ;f 0dik ;f oP²meff ½Sad om umudk BuH U c d k i f o m,myH k u d k jrif & ? awG U & onf r S m ES p f o uf z G , f ?
udkifum "m;a&;jyonfudk qdkvdkygonf/ xdkpOfu jrif;cif;obif tm;&zG,jf zpfum od*gF &7o? 0D&&o yGm;&ygonf/ yif;,acwf
usif;y&mü ]um} uavh½Sd&mwGif umcsif;rsm;udk oDqdkMuygonf/ tajc waphwapmif;ESifh umcsif;tzJGU\ oabmudk vnf;
jrifpdkif;a½Tjynf umcsif;wGif umcsif;\oabmudk avhvmcGifh&ojzifh okwyGm;&ygonf/ aus;Zl;BuD;vS ygawmh
avhvmEdkifonf/ "m;a&;qdkif&moDcsif; jzpfonfh tavsmuf ownf;/ /
oDq[ kd efrmS pdwt f m; wuf<uzG,f 0D&&oudk ay;ygonf/ ]um}
uol? oDqo kd l i,fom;wd\Yk tm;rmefuv kd nf; 0rf;ajrmufz, G f
jrifawGUEidk yf gonf/ uAsmwGi-f ar;/ uAsmt& ta&;tzJGU pGrf;&nfudk avhvmwifjyyg/^....^&nf½G,fcsufESifh a&;zJGyU Hkudk
]wm0wðom ewf½Rmavm? ewf½mG avm ajzqdkyg/
[kww f nf; ½Sicf si;f ?½Sicf si;f ........} jrifpdkif;a½TjynfuAsm\ &nf½G,fcsufESifh ta&;tzJGU ^pmqd\k ta&;tzJUG pGr;f &nf
]jrifpdkif;[lonf? a½Tjynf? a½Tjynf....} onf yif;,acwf? jrifpikd ;f bk&if
]]jrifpikd ;f a½Tjynfumcsi;f }}onf
ponfjzifh awGUEikd yf gonf/ ud, k ahf &ajrtwGuf *kP, f 0l rf;ajrmuf ig;pD;½SifausmfpGm\ vuf&mjzpfygonf/ jrifpdkif;EdkifiHawmf
[pfa<u;aeonfh jrifpikd ;f om;wdYk Zmwdrmeftrlt&mudk vSr;f jrif BuUH cikd o f m,myHu k kd odjrifcpH m;apvdo k nfh &nf½,
G cf sujf zifh zGUJ onf[k
ae&ygonf/ qdkEdkifygonf/ pmqdk ig;pD;½Sif ausmfpGmonf i,fom;wdkY
jrifpdkif;ajronf aEG?rdk;?aqmif; oHk;&moD obm0ESifh pd w f t m;wuf < uap&ef &nf ½ G , f a&;zJ G U cJ h [ ef ½ S d y gonf /
nDnw G f rQwyH?k jrifpikd ;f t&yfwG wiG f pdu k yf sKd ;a&;aumif;yH?k pm;a&&dum© ]umcsi;f }tzJjYG zpfonft h avsmuf tm;&zG,f 0D&&oajrmufatmif
0ajymyHw k uYkd v kd nf; uAsmt& od&onf/ yif;,acwf jrifpikd ;f zJEYG ikd af Bumif;vnf; awG&Y ygonf/
Edik if aH wmf\ uHv k kH <u,f0rIukd *kP, f 0l rf;ajrmufz, G f odjrif&jcif; uma&; uol jrifpikd ;f om;wdYk twdik t f azmuf ajymqdk
yifjzpfonf/ [pfa<u;[efrsKd ;jzpfatmif -
þodkY <u,f0aom jrifpdkif;om;wdkYonf omoemh ]wm0wðom ewf½Gmavm..? ewf½Gmavm/}
*k P f a &mif xG e f ; ajymif a patmif v nf ; pG r f ; wwf f M uygonf / [lí tpcsD a&;zJx YG m;ygonf/ jrifpikd ;f om; a&mif;&if;taygi;f
uAsmwGi-f &[ef;½Siv f l rusef nDnw G af xmufcMH u[efuv kd nf; -
]awmifxw G zf sm;qD? a½TpmwD ][kww f nf; ½Sicf si;f ½Sicf si;f /
o&D&"mwfp, G ?f o&D&"mwfp, G f ....} [kww f nf; aqG&if; aqG&if;/
[lí awUG jrifEikd yf gonf/ MunfnKd z, G yf if/ [kww f nf; onf&if; onf&if;/}
jrif p d k i f ; om;wd k Y o nf a½T E d k i f i H jrif p d k i f ; jynf u d k [laom tzJGYwGif awGYjrifEdkifygonf/ tm;rmefwuf<uatmif
umuG,af pmifah ½Smuf&ef toif½h MdS uonf/ ppfa&;owd rvyf? vSKH aqmfay;onfh tzJrYG sm; jzpfygonf/
rjywf &atmif pGr;f Mu aqmifMuonf/ xdt k avhu-kd pmqd k o nf jrif p d k i f ; ajrud k wef z d k ; xm;zG , f
],&nf;oGe;f oGe;f ? jrif;onf0ef; ESpo f ufz, G t f jzpf ]a½T} ESihf xyfwjl yKum ]a½Tjynf}]a½Tajr}[lívnf;
vSH cRe;f wGe;f wufy,f? wGe;f wufy,f ...} zJUG yg\/ aEG? rd;k ? aqmif; oH;k &moD obm0wdEYk iS fh rQwnDnw G yf ?kH
[lonfh tzJGYwdkYwGif jrifEdkifygonf/ jrif;pdkif;om;wdkYonf a&cH ajrcH tajccHaumif;wdUk ayg<u,f&m a'ojzpfyw kH uYkd v kd nf;
o½kyaf zmf\/ ta0;0ef;usif awmifwef;awmifxw G w f iG f wnfxm; ud;k uG,o f nfh a½TapwDuv kd nf; zl;ajrmfciG hf ½Sad pum pdu
k yf sKd ;a&;
aumif;yH?k pm;a&&dum© rjywfrvyf <u,f0MuyHw k u Ykd vkd nf; jrifomatmif ajymygao;onf/ þwGif -
]awmifav ½Ie;f ½Ie;f ? rd;k cwftek ;f ......}
]awmifxw G f zsm;qD? a½TpmwD ? o&D&"mwfp, G f ......}
],mqDajraumif;? usonfah jymif;? raESmif; rSnahf qmvG,.f ...}
]cgEiS hf bkwf csKd ;? MuufawmrsK;d ? vdpk ;kd usuaf jrus,f .....}
ponfh tzJGYav;rsm;rSm ESpfoufp&m ½SdvSygonf/ ½dk;½Sif;vSyonf/ aEGyef;awmpHy,fudkvnf; jrif&onf/ rdk;oHavoHwdkYudkvnf;
Mum;&onf/ EG,yf ef;cGmñdk aqmif;tvSuv kd nf; jrifawGU&onf/ yom'*kPaf jrmuf tzJaYG v;rsm;[k qdck siyf gonf/ jrnfopH JG tvuFmajrmuf
tzJUG uv kd nf; awGU& jrif&ygonf/
pmqdb k &k ifonf i,fom;wdYk pdwt f m;wuf<uzG,jf zpfatmif þumcsi;f udk zJ[ YG efwyl gonf/ NrKUdjyvu©PmwdEYk iS hf pnfyifaeonfh
jrifpikd ;f ajrudk jrifpikd ;f om;wdYk wefz;kd xm;onfEiS t hf rQ cspcf if jrwfE;kd atmif? xde;f odr;f umuG,f apmihaf ½Smufatmif apwem EI;d um
zJUG ov
D u kd [
f efu þtcsuu f kd axmuful aeygonf/ zJq YG ykd u
kH kd -
],&nf; oGe;f oGe;f jrif;onf0ef;? vSH cRe;f wGe;f wufy,f? wGe;f wufy,f
apmvl; pD;wef rsKd ;quf'ef? vsix f efjrifrh qG,?f jrifrh qG,f .....}
ponfjzifh awGEY ikd yf gonf/ jrifpikd ;f om;wdYk qufvuf [pfa<u;yHu k v kd nf; -
]omonfh ajrjyif? apmewf½iS ?f eef;cGif ½Iwifw h ,f? ½Iwifw h ,f
txl;avm? wufwrd af vm? aea&mifavm/}
[lí zJUG ygao;onf/
jrifpdkif;a½Tjynf umcsif;onfum; trSefyif pdwftm; wuf<u 0D&&oudk ay;ygonf/ *kPf,l0ifh<um;zG,f taMumif;
t&mrsm;udk azmfjya&;zJx YG m;onf/ Zmwdrmefuykd if vHUI aqmfEidk pf rG ;f ½Sad Mumif; cHpm;odjrifro d nf/
xdaYk Mumifh &nf½, G cf suf ay:viG af tmif zJUG ox D m;onfh aw;uAsmwpfy'k jf zpfaMumif; ajzqdw k ifjytyfygownf/ /
jrifpikd ;f a½Tjynfumcsi;f rS avhvmzG,f tvuFm

4/ jrifpikd ;f a½Tajr ^ jrifpikd ;f a½Tjynf (½lyutvuFm)
]jrifpikd ;f a½Tjynf}uAsmwGif jrifpikd ;f Edik if aH wmfBu;D ESpo
f uf jrwfE;kd zG,f wifw h ,f om,myHu
k kd jrifpikd ;f om;wdu
Yk [pfa<u;oDqo
kd nfh pum;tjzpf
oH;k xm;ygonf/
ESpfoufjrwfEdk;zG,f*kPf&nfwltjzpf jrifpdkif;EkdifiH (tEdIif;cH)ES i f h a½Tajrâ½Tjynfawmf (tEdIif;) wk d Y u d k xyf w l j yK a&zGJUxm;aomaMumifh
½lyutvuFm ajrmufygonf/
5/ awmifav½Skef;½Skef; (jrnfoHpJGtvuFm)
]....}uAsmwGif rdk;v&moDESihftnD awmifavrsm; wdkufcwfavh ½SdaMumif; azmfusL;onfhpum;tjzpf oHk;xm;ygonf/
awmifavrsm;wdkufcwfpOf xGufay:onfh jrnfoH ]½Skef;½Skef;}udk xnfhoGif;a&;zGJUxm;ojzifh jrnfoHpGJ tvuFmajrmufygonf/
6/ rdk;cwftkef; jrnfoHpGJtvuFm
]........}uAsmwGif rd;k v&moDEiS t hf nD rd;k avaumif;rGeyf u kH kd zJUG qo
kd nfh pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf /
rdk;onf;xefpGm ½GmoGef;pOfxGufay:onfh jrnfoH]tkef;}udk xnfhoGif; pyfqdkxm;aomaMumifh jrnfoHpGJ tvuFmajrmufygonf/
7/ apmewf½Sif (0uF0kwådtvuFm)
]]........}}uAsmwGif jrifpikd ;f aejynfawmfEiS hf jrifpikd ;f bk&if cHn
h m;wifw
h ,fvu
kd zf ufyu
kH kd zJUGqo
kd nfh pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/jrifpikd ;f bk&if[k
wdkuf½dkufra&;bJ]apmewf½Sif}[k oG,f0dkufzGJUqdkxm;aomaMumifh 0uF0kwådtvuFmajrmufygonf/
rSwfcsuf/ / a½Tjynf}(½lyu) vdkY ar;vm&if a½T(tEdIif;)ESifh jrifpdkif;jynf(tEdIif;cH)wdkudk wefzdk;xm;ESpfvdkzG,f½SdyHk*kPf&nfwl..... ½Sif;jyay;yg/
tif;0acwf (726 - 888 )
3/ 0dZÆmodyÜvlYudpö
(ysKdU) (½Sifr[m&|om& 830 - 892-udk;cef;ysKdUaumufEkwfcsuf)
uAsmrdwq f uf
ud;k cef;ysKUd vdYk ac:wmu tcef;BuD;ud;k cef;ygvdYk / [w¬yd gvysKUd ?pwk"r®om&ysKUd vdYk vnf; ac:ao;w,f/
uAsmyk'&f if;udk tvGwu f sux f m;&ygr,f/
ous½yl ?H BuBH uo H rQ? awmifw h &m&m? wwfaumif;pGmom;? 0dZmÆ ody?Ü vlu Y pd u ö ?kd i,furoif? aysmyf g;vGirf ?l tMuifot l m;?
pum;acswif? obifrNyUJ ? cHwiG ;f rJo h Ykd ? csKUd wyhJ nm? ñd;I rsuEf mS ESi?hf ½G½H mS vefx Y w
d ?f toHqw d \f /
wdww f w
d rf ae? qdyk gacsvnf;? rajyrjypf ? txpfxpfvQi?f uspv f sprf ½d?S tNiNd iw
d nf/h [kwv f Ed ;kd Ed;k ? qifuef;wd;k od?Yk tusK;d taMumif;?
aumif;aumif;rrSef orÁmefygXaf vQmuf? a½SUaemufrnD ?tpDtvsO?f tpOfroif?h wzsiw hf yg;? &,fz, G f rsm;cJ/h
bd;k bGm;rdb? olBu;D rí? rvsrñd;I ? rpd;k r&dr?f ewfpnf;pdro f ?Ykd a½Ttrd bf jkH rif?h ckepfqifx h uf? aevifu h pm;? jymom'fzsm;0,f?
em;onfuh s;D rQ? yrmusvrd /hf
t*Fypöi?f oGijf yif½yk 0f g? jynfph ykH gvnf;? eHUomvdiI jf cif;? *kPef UH uif;rl? tqif;vSqef;? vlaY yguyf ef;[k ? oGr;f rSe;f odaxG uJ&h UJ avtH/h
vkyaf jcvkyv f uf? pOfqufenf;rS;D ? rusio hf ;D aomf? csn;f ES;D Opöm? vdck gr&? aMumifMh upd;k &dr?f zefBurd rf sm;pGm? tdak omcgvnf;?
r[m'ku?© wGif;qHk;usonf? aemifw ESvHk; rNidrfwnf; / /
uAsmavhvmjcif;
uAsmygZmwfaqmif? b,ftcgumv b,ft&yfa'o? bmtaMumif;t&mqdwk mawG uAsmta&;tzGUJ *kP?f tvuFm? uAsmh&o? uAsmh&nf½,G cf suf
qdkwmawGudk azmfxkwfa0zefwm[m uAsmavhvm wmygyJ/
aqG;aEG;zG,f avhusichf ef;rsm;
1/ i,fpOftcg ynmroifvQif Bu;D aomtcg rnfoq Ykd if;&J a&mufwwf oenf;/
2/ uAsmwpfy'kd cf si;f \ qdv k &kd if;udk ½Si;f jyyg/
3/ atmufyg tvuFmwdt Yk euf (5) ckukd ajzqdyk g/
obifrNyUJ ? cHwiG ;f rJo h /Ykd [kwv f Ed ;kd Ed;k ? qifuef;wd;k od/Yk jymom'f zsm;0,f? em;onfu
h s;D rQ? yrmusvrd /hf rpd;k r&dr?f ewfpnf;pdro
f /Ykd
eHUomvdiI jf cif;? *kPef uYH if;rI/ tqif;vSqef;? vlaY yguyf ef;[k/ r[m 'ku?© wGi;f qH;k us/
( 0dZmÆ tif;0&|ysKd U? 16 bl&d ud;k cef;rdUk ?
tif;0aejynf? armifarmufrnfp;kd rif;aqGrsKd ;a[h...)
ar;cGef;½Snf ar;cGef;a[mif;avhvm&ef
1/ uAsmwGif ynmrwwfjcif;\ qd;k usK;d rsm;udk rnfoYkd a&;zGUJ xm;oenf;/
2/ uAsmrS ynm rwwfjcif;\ qd;k jypfrsm;udk rSwo f m;zG,f wifjyyg/ î,fpOftcg ynmr½Smrdjcif;\ qd;k usK;d rsm;udk rSwo f m;zG,w
f ifjyyg/
3/ uAsmwGif pmqdk ½Sirf [m&|om&u ynm\ wefz;kd udk xif½mS ; ay:viG v f matmif rnfuo hJ Ykd a&;zJUG vrf;nTex f m;oenf;/
4/ uAsmwGif pmqdo k nf pmoifom;wdYk vdu k ef mrSwo f m;zG,&f mrsm;udk rnfoaYkd &;zJUG xm;oenf;/ ay:viG af tmif ajzqdyk g/
ar;cGef;wdk avhvm&ef
1/ ½Sirf [m&|om&\ i,frnfukd ajzyg/
2/ tb,faMumifh ud;k cef;ysKd U[k wGio f enf;/ (tb,faMumif[ h wdy¬ gvysKd [
Y k ^ tb,faMumifh pwk"r®om&ysKd U[)k ac:wiG o f enf;/
3/ 4if;onf tif;0acwfwiG rf nfonfukd OD;aqmif ysKd ;axmifco hJ enf;/
4/ rnfonfh t½G,fupí uAsmzJGUoenf;/ 5/ (16) ESpfom;wGif zJGUaom vuFmBuD;um; tb,fenf;/
6/ ½Sirf [m&|om&\ xif½mS ;aom awmvm;ârmfueG ;f âemufq;kH a&;zJUG caYJ omysKd Uukd azmfjyyg/
7/ bl&'d wfZmwfaygi;f ysKd U ^ *rDo
Ç m&ysKd U ôH0&ysKd U udk rnfozl UGJ oenf;/ 8/ uAsmwGif rnfou l rnfoUl ukd qdq k ;kH rxm;oenf;/

ar;cGe;f ...i,fpOftcg ynm½SmoifhaMumif;udk uAsmwGif rnfodkYqHk;rvrf;ñTefxm;oenf;/ ½Su½f UG pHY &m tjzpfrsK;d ygay/
^ rnfodkYa&;zGJUxm;oenf;/ ynmrJ h o l BuH K awG U & rnf h tjypf r sm;rS m þrQ o m
i,fpOftcg ynm½SmoifhykH ('Dvdkar;cGef;rSm pmqdk½Iaxmifhuae ajz&r,f ) ruao;yg/ tcsKdUrSm Opöm"e uHkvHk<u,f0aom b0rsKd;ü BuD;jyif;
]0d Z Æ m od y Ü v l Y u d p ö } onf tif ; 0acwf pmqd k t ausmf &wwfonf/ xd"k eOpöm wdaYk Mumifh olb Y 0wGif ynmwwfzrYkd vd?k
½Sirf [m&|om&\ udk;cef;ysKdUrS aumufEkwfcsuf jzpfygonf/ ½SmzdrYk vd[ k k t,lvaJG umif; vGaJ eayrnf/ xdo k aYkd om ynmrJo
h nf
q&mawmf o nf i,f p Of t cg ynm½S m oif h a Mumif ; ud k qH k ; r jym
jymom'fzsm;0,f em;onfh us;D iSuf uJo h Ykd rwifw
h ,f? rxnf0g[k
vrf;ñTe&f mü ynmrJo h l BuKH awGU&rnfh tjypfrsm;udk azmfjyí vrf;ñTef q&mawmfu uJ&h hJ jypfwifxm;ygonf/ xdeYk nf;wlyif ½kyq f if;t*Fg
a&;zGUJ xm;ygonf/ jynfph NkH y;D ynm*kPo f wif; uif;rJo h u
l v kd nf;-
uAsmwGif awmxGuf &[ef;jyKvdkaom [w¬dygv ]tqif;vSqef;? vlaY yguyf ef;[k
owd k Y o m;ud k zcif y k P Ö m ;BuD ; u i,f ½ G , f a o;onf h t wG u f oGr;f rSe;f odaxG? uJ&h UJ avtH}h
&[ef;rjyKygEiS Ohf ;D ? wwfoifh wyftyfaom ynmrsm;udk oifygO;D [k axmufjyxm;ygonf/ ynm*kPfom rJhygu tjcm;aom
ponfjzifh qHk;raom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk vrf;ñTefoabm yumoewdkYrSm ñdI;i,fíom aernf[k qifjcifrdapatmif
a&;zGUJ xm;jcif; jzpfygonf/ pmqdu k zcifyP k mÖ ;Bu;D ae&mwGif tqif;vSonfh ayguyf ef; &eYH r½Síd wefz;kd rJ&h yHEk iS hf *kP&f nfwl
aeí taMumif;oifh tusK;d oifah zmfjyqH;k rxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/ EdiI ;f um vrf;ñTef vdu k jf cif;jzpfygonf/
OD;pGm todynm twwfynm[lonf BupH nf awmifw h ]ynm} qdk&mü a½S;vlBuD;rdbwdkY\ enf;emaumif;
tyfonfwdkYudk jzñfhqnf; pGrf;aqmifay;Edkifoñfh wwfajrmuf rsm;udk cH,l avhvmjcif;? vufiw k pf ;D yGm;wduYk kd qufcH aqmif½u
G f
tyfonfh ta&;udpjö zpfaMumif; ta&;ygykH oabmudk - Edkifatmif usifhBuH vkyfudkifjcif;wdkYvnf; tygt0if jzpfygonf/
]ous½lyH ? BuHBuHorQ þonfwdkYudkvnf; vdkufemusifhBuHtyfonf[k q&mawmfu
awmifw h &m&m? wwfaumif;pGmom; vrf;ñTeyf gonf/ enf;em r,lcv hJ Qif &ifqikd &f rnfh b0tajcud-k
0dZÆmodyÜ? vlYudpöudk} ]csn;f ES;D Opöm? vdck gr&
[k ñTejf yum tav;xm; owdrrl ad patmif qk;H rxm;ygonf/ aMumifhMupdk;&drf? zefBudrf rsm;pGm
tav;rxm;bJ ? aygah ygw h efwefaeol taysmt f yg;üom tdak omcgvnf;? r[m'ku©
tcsed f ukev f eG af polwrYkd mS ta&;BuKH vmygu vlyt kH v,fü vl&m wGi;f qH;k usonf? aemifw ESv;kH rNird w f nf;}
r0ifEikd f awmhay/ vlawmrwd;k Edik f jzpf&ayrnf/ þjzpf&yfukd - [k zGUJ qvkd suf tjypfazmfjy qH;k r vrf;ñTefxm;ygonf/ b0ul;
]obifrNyUJ ? cHwiG ;f rJo h Ykd rajzmifEh ikd o
f nfh ylyefrrI sK;d jzifh qif;&Jjcif;Bu;D &acsrnf/
csKUd wyhJ nm? ñd;I rsuEf mS ESihf q&mawmf\ vrf;ñTefqHk;ryHkrSm taMumif;tusKd;
½G½H mS vefx Y w d ?f toHqw d \f } oifah om qH;k rvrf;ñTerf rI sK;d jzpfygonf/ Oyrm toH;k aumif;rsm;?
[k xif½mS ;aom Oyrmay;um jrifomatmif ñTejf yxm;ygonf/ tEdIif;xyfwljyK a&;zGJUyHkrsm;? oG,f0dkufzGJU tqifwefqmrsm;
ynmrJ h o l o nf vl a wmrwd k ; Ed k i f o l ? vl & mr0if o l aMumifhvnf; xda&mufaom xufjrufaom tqHk;trrsm;
jzpfygonf/ vlyt kH v,fü ]t} aeolyrm ae&½Smrnfh tjzpfrmS jzpfvm&ygonf/ ynmrJo h l BuKH awGU&rnfh tjypfrsm;udk trSeyf if
qif;&Jyifyef;vSygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh trsm;olimS enf;wl a&maESm qifjcifodjrif cHpm;rdapygonf/ þodkYjzifh i,fpOftcg ysKd½G,f
ajymqdrk I jyKrEd ikd of nf/ þwGiv f nf; atmifjrifacsmarGU Ny;D ajrmufjcif; pOfuyifvQif ynmjynfhpHkwwfuRrf;atmif ½SmrSD; qnf;yl;oifh
rjzpfEdkifyHkudk- aMumif; xif½Sm;apygawmhonf/ /
]rajyrjypf ? txpfxpf vQif
uspv f sprf ½d?S tNiNd iw d nf?h ( &nf½,G cf sufa&mufatmifa&;zJUG yHuk kd ar;&if 'Dtajzudyk J jyKjyifNyD; ajzyg/
[kwv f Ed ;kd Ed;k ? qifuef;wd;k od.Yk ....}
ponfjzifh aMumif;usK;d rqufpyf? a½SUaemuftpOfrus vl&,fz, G f
jzpf&wwfonf[k q&mawmfu qHk;r vrf;ñTef xm;ygonf/
i,fpOftcg ynm½SmoifhaMumif; (ausmif;om;½IaxmifhrS ajzyHkajzenf;) em,lqifjcifz, G f rSwo f m;&ygonf/ ynmrJo h o l nf vlyt
P51
kH v,ff
]0d Z Æ m od y Ü v l Y u d p ö } onf tif ; 0acwf pmqd k t ausmf t½Suu f o GJ nfh tjzpfrsKk ;d rMumcP BuKH awGUEikd o f nf[k oifcef;pm
½Sifr[m&|om&\ udk;cef;ysKdUrS aumufEkwfcsufjzpfygonf/ ,l&ygonf/
uAsmwGif i,fpOftcg ynm½Smoifah Mumif;ESihf ynmrJo h Bl uKH awGU &rnfh ynmrJo h l BuKHawGU&rnfh tjypfq;kd usKd;qif;&JwrYkd mS þrQom
tjypf^qd;k jypf^ qd;k usKd ;^qif;&J'u k r© sm;udk oifcef;pm,lz, G f avhvm r[kwfao;yg/ tcsKdUrSm Opöm"e uHkvHk<u,f0aom b0rsKd;ü
odjrif&ygonf/ Bu;D jyif;&wwfonf/ xdo k rl sK;d rSmvnf; olb Y 0wGif ynmwwfzrYkd vd?k
uAsmwG i f awmxG u f &[ef ; jyKvd k a om [w¬ d y gv ½SmzdrYk vd[ k k t,lvaJG umif; vGaJ eayrnf/ xdo k aYkd om ynmrJo h nf
owd k Y o m;ud k zcif y k P Ö m ;BuD ; u i,f ½ G , f a o;onf h t wG u f jymom'fzsm;0,f em;onfh us;D iSuf uJo h Ykd rwifw h ,f? rxnf0g[k
&[ef;rjyKygEiS Ohf ;D ? wwfoifh wyftyfaom ynmrsm;udk oifygO;D uAsmwGif jypfwifu½hJ x hJ m;&m owdrl zG,yf if jzpfygonf/
ponfjzifh qHk;raom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk taMumif;oifh xdeYk nf;wlyif ½kyq f if;t*Fg jynfph NkH y;D ynm*kPo f wif;
tusK;d oifh awGUjrifEikd yf gonf/ uif;rJo h u l v kd nf; ]tqif;vSqef;? vlaY yguyf ef;[k? oGr;f rSe;f odaxG?
OD;pGm ynm\ ta&;ygyo kH abmudk uAsmwGi-f uJh&JUavtHh}[k axmufjyxm;ygonf/ ynm*kPfom rJhygu
]ous½lyH ? BuHBuHorQ tjcm;aom yumoewdrYk mS ñd;I i,fíom aernf[k qifjcifum
awmifw h &m&m? wwfaumif;pGmom;.......} oifcef;pm,l&rnf jzpfyf gonf/
[k ñTefjyxm;&m todynm twwfynm[lonf BuHpnf ]ynm} qdk&mü a½S;vlBuD;rdbwdkY\ enf;emaumif;
awmifw h tyfonfwu Ykd kd jzñfq
h nf; pGr;f aqmifay;Edik af omaMumifh rsm;udk cH,l avhvmjcif;? vufikwfpD;yGm;wdkYudk qufcHaqmif
wwfajrmuftyfonfh ta&;udpjö zpfaMumif; tav;xm; owdrzl , G f ½GuEf ikd af tmif usiBhf uH vkyu f ikd jf cif;wdv
Yk nf; tygt0ifjzpfaMumif;udk
odjrifrw S o
f m;&ygonf/ uAsmwGif qufvufazmfjyxm;ygao;onf/
qufvufí uAsmwGi-f enf;em r,lco hJ jzifh toufarG;rI rpGr;f awmhol &ifqikd f
]....obifrNyUJ ? cHwiG ;f rJo h Ykd &rnfh b0tajcud-k
csKUd wyhJ nm? ñd;I rsuEf mS ESihf ].....aMumifMh upd;k &dr?f zefBurd f rsm;pGm
½G½H mS vefx Y w d ?f toHqw d \f } tdak omcgvnf;? r[m'ku?© wGi;f qH;k usonf
[k qdx k m;&m tav;rxm;bJ ? aygah ygw h efwefaeol taysmt f yg;ü aemifw ESv;kH rNird w f nf;}
om tcsed f ukev f eG af polwrYkd mS ta&;BuKH vmygu vlyt kH v,fü [k uAsmwGif tjypfazmfjy qH;k r xm;ygonf/ i,fpOfcg ynm
vl & mr0if E d k i f awmh a y/ vl a wmrwd k ; Ed k i f jzpf & ayrnf / r½SmcJv h Qif Z&maxmif;csed 0f ,f b0ul; rajzmifEh ikd o f nfh ylyefrrI sK;d jzifh
þ'kuq © if;&JrsKd ; rBuKH &atmif i,fpOfcg ynm½Smwwfajrmufxm;zdYk qif;&Jjcif; Bu;D &rnf jzpfaMumif; awG;awm xdwv f efrY d ygawmhonf/
vdt k yfvyS gonf/ (0dZÆmodyÜvlYudpöwGif ynmrJhol BuHKawGU&rnfh tjypf^ qdk;usKd;^
þodv Yk Qif ynmrJo h ol nf vlawmrwd;k Edik o f ?l vl&mr0ifol qif;&J....wdkYudk þodkYvQif qifjcifodjrif oifcef;pm ,lrdygownf;/ /)
jzpfygonf/ vlyt kH v,fü ]t} aeolyrm ae&½Smrnft h jzpfrmS (i,fpOf tcg ysKd½G,fpOfuyifvQif ynmjynfhpHkwwf uRrf;atmif ½SmrSD;
qif ; &J y if y ef ; vS y gonf / xd k Y a Mumif h trsm;ol i S m enf ; wl qnf;yl;oifhaMumif;udk 0dZÆmodyÜvlYudpöuAsmt& þodkYvQif avhvm aqG;aEG;
a&maESmajymqdrk I jyKrEd ikd o f nf/ þwGiv f nf; atmifjrif acsmarGU ajzqdktyfygownf;/ /)
Ny;D ajrmufjcif; rjzpfEikd [ f k uAsmwGif qdx k m;onf/ ar;cGe;f oabm
xdt k cgrsK;d wGif ajympum;wdrYk mS ]rajyrjypf? txpfxpf} i,fpOfcg ynm½SmoihfaMumif;udk uAsmt& a&;yg/^ i,fpOfcg ynmr½SmcJhol BuHKawGU&rnfh
jzpfaeayrnf/ aqG;aEG;onfh tcsuw f rYkd mS vnf; ]uspv f sprf ½d?S tjypf^qdk;usdK;^qif;&J...wdkYukd aqG;aEG;yg/^ uAsmrS oifcef;pm &yHkrsm;udk ajzyg/
tNiNd iwd nf}h qdkovdk BuHK&ayrnf/ &nf½G,f&modkY raygufojzifh
][kwv f Ed ;kd Ed;k ? qifuef;wd;k } onfhtvm; jzpfum aMumif;usKd;
rqufpyf? a½SUaemuftpOfrus vl&,fz, G f jzpf&wwfonfwu Ykd kd

0dZmÆ odyÜ vlUudpötvuFm tzJGU avhvmcsuf
8/ cHwiG ;f rJo h Ykd ( OyrmtvuFm )
]0dZÆmodyÜ vlUudpö}uAsmwGif ynmrJv h Qif vl&mr0ifEikd af Mumif; qHk;ronfh zcifyP k mÖ ;Bu;D \ pum;tjzpf oHk;xm;ygonf/
vlyHktv,f yg0ifpum;qdkEdkifpGrf;r½SdbJ EIwfqdwfae&yHk(tEdIif;cH)udk cHwGif;rJhol pum;qdkEdkifpGrf;r½SdyHk(tEdIif;)ESifh
tpGr;f rJyh *kH P k &f nfwt l jzpf ckid ;f EdiI ;f xm;ojzifh OyrmtvuFm ajrmufygonf/
9/ qifuef;wd;k odYk (OyrmtvuFm)
]......}uAsmwGif ynmrJo h \ l pum;onf &nf½, G &f m ra&muf jzpfwwfaMumif; qdq k ;kH rol zcifyP k mÖ ;Bu;D \ pum;tjzpf
oH;k xm;ygonf/
ynmrJo h l pum;qdak omtcg xifrx d if&majymavh½ydS kH (tEIid ;f cH)ud k qifuef;awmwd;k aomtcg xifrx d if&moGm;yHk (tEdiI ;f )ESESifh
tm;xkwaf omfvnf; vd&k modUk ra&muf aus;Zl;rJjh zpf&yHk *kP&f nfwtjzpf lt jzpf cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;ojzifh ½lyutvuFmajrmufygonf/
10/ ewfpnf;pdro f (Ykd OyrmtvuFm)
].......}uAsmwGif cHpm;&onfh pnf;pdrf rnfrQyif Bu;D rm;ygap ynmrJo h ül wifw h ,frI rjzpfEikd af Mumif; om;[w¬yd gv owdo Yk m;udk
qH;k rpum;qdo k l zcifyP k mÖ ;Bu;D \ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
Bu;D rm;vSonfh pnf;pdryf rmP(tEdiI ;f cH)udk ewfwo Ykd m pHpm; cHpm;&onfph nf;pdr(f tEdiI ;f )ESihf yrmPBu;D jrwfykH *kP&f nfwl
tjzpf cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;ojzifh OyrmtvuFm ajrmufygonf/
11/ a½Ttrd b f jkH rifh (½lyutvuFm)
].......}uAsmwGif cHpm;&onfh pnf;pdrf rnfrQyif Bu;D rm;ygap ynmrJo h ül wifw h ,frI rjzpfEikd af Mumif; om;[w¬yd gv
owdo Yk m;udk qH;k rpum;qdo k l zcifyP k mÖ ;Bu;D \ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ crf;em;Bu;D us,w f ifw h ,fykH *kP&f nfwjl zpfonfh a½Ttrd f
(tEdiI ;f cH)ESifh bHjk rifh (tEdiI ;f )wdud Yku dk xyfwjl yK zGUJ qx kd m;aomaMumifh ½lyutvuFm ajrmufygonf/
12/ em;onfu h s;D rSs yrmusvrd hf (OyrmtvuFm)
].......}uAsmwGif cHpm;&onfh pnf;pdrf rnfrQyif Bu;D rm;ygap ynmrJo h ül wifw h ,frI rjzpfEikd af Mumif; om;[w¬yd gv
owdo Yk m;udk qH;k rpum;qdo k l zcifyP k mÖ ;Bu;D \ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
ewfpnf;pdrt f vm; <u,f0rSKonf ynmrJo h w l iG f wifwh ,fjcif; rjzpfapyHk (tEdiI ;f cH)udk jymom'fzsm;üem;onfu h s;D \ usuo f a&rJyh kH
(tEdiI ;f )ESihf aus;Zl;rJjh zpf&yHk *kP&f nfwt l jzpf cdik ;f EIid ;f xm;aomaMumifh OyrmtvuFmajrmufygonf/
13/ *kPef u YH if; (0uF0w k tdå vuFm)
].........} uAsmwGif ½kyt f qifvyS ygap ynmrJv h Qif vlu&hJ UJ c&H zdo
Yk m ½Sad Mumif; om;jzpfou l kd qH;k rpum; qdo k l zcifyP k mÖ ;Bu;D \
pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ ynm[laom t&nftcsi;f aumif; ryg½[ dS k wduk ½f ukd f rqdb k J }}*kPef u YH if;}}[k oG,0f u kd zf UGJqxkd m;aomaMumifh
0uF0w k då tvuFmajrmufygonf/
14/ *kPef YH (½lyutvuFm)
].........} uAsmwGif ½kyt f qifvyS ygap ynmrJv h Qif vlu&hJ UJ c&H zdo
Yk m ½Sad Mumif; om;jzpfou l kd qH;k rpum; qdo k l zcifyP k mÖ ;Bu;D \
pum;tjzpf oHk;xm;ygonf/ ynm*kPft&nftcsif; (tEdIif;cH)ESifh arT;&eHY (tEdIif;)wdkYudk ysHUESHYxif½Sm;wwfyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf
xyfwjl yKxm;aomaMumifh ½lyu tvuFm ajrmufygonf/
15/ vlaY yguyf ef; (½lyutvuFm)
]..........}uAsmwGif tqif;vSygvsuf ynmrJo h \l tjypfukd azmfñeT ;f ajymqdo k nfh zcifyP k mÖ ;Bu;D \ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
tqif;vSaomfvnf; ynmrJo h (l tEIid ;f cH)ESihf tqif;vS ygvsuf &eHrY o hJ nfh ayguyf ef;(tEdiI ;f )wdu Yk kd tESprf t
hJ csi;f rJyh kH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf
xyfwjl yKxm;aomojzifh ½lyutvuFm ajrmufygonf/
16/ r[m'ku© wGi;f qH;k us (0uF0w k )då
]......}wGif ynmrJo h l tdrk if;aomtcg &ifqikd Bf uKH awG&Y wwfonfh qif;&J'u k r© sm;udk azmfneG ;f ajymqdo k nfh zcifyP k mÖ ;Bu;D \
qHk;rpum;ü oHk;xm;ygonf/ tqif;&JBuD;qif;&Jonf[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]r[m'ku©wGif;qHk;us}[k oG,f0dkufa&;zJGUxm;ojzifh
0uF0w k t då vuFm ajrmufygonf/

anmif&rf;acwf (959-1113) (1597-1751)
anmif&rf;acwfrSm pum;ajyxGef;um;cJhw,f/ txif½Sm;qHk; uawmh pOfhudkif ½GmZmwd OD;ukvm; a&;wJh r[m&mZ0ifBuD;yJ/ ordkif;usrf;? okw &o
pum;ajyusrf; taeeJU xif½Sm;cJhw,f/ uAsmvuFmbufrSmawmh ysKdU? uAsm avmurSm taMumif;t&mopfrsm;udk wDxGifa&;zGJUvdkY ,aeYwdkif ordkif;wGifol
pmqdkBuD;uawmh 0efBuD; ya'o&mZmyJ/
4/ aEGIOD;umvjrLxaomcg A
0efBuD;ya'o&mZm (1045-1116 )(1683-1754)
paerif;? we*FaEGrif;? r[m"r®&mZm"dywdrif;wdYk vufxufrmS trIxrf;cJhw,f/ tif;0bk&if t*Fgrif;vufxuf &weyl& tif;0NrdKUrSmyif zGm;w,f/
trIxrf;? t&mxrf; rsK;d ½d;k / r[m"r®&mZm"dywd [Hom0wDa&mufrif;u pmqd0k efBuD;udk av;pm;cspfMunfveG ;f vdYk pmqdBk uD;vdYk ac:/ ewf½iS af emifbUJG ?
ya'o&mZfbUJG ? ya'o&mZmbGUJ ? NrdKUwGi;f ewf½iS bf UJG ? NrdKUwGi;f bk&ifbUJG pwJh xl;uJreG jf rwfvwS hJ bGUJ rnf &nfwYkd jzifh csD;ajr§mufc&H ol jzpfygw,f/
olZmysKUd ESihf twl tjcm;ysKUd 13 apmif? {csif;? &wk? vuFmESihf oDcsif;rsm;pGm a&;cJhw,f/ wHwsmaw½Sif vdYk vlord sm;wJh ykpOf;awmifoBH udK;udk
a&;cJhol/ ewfotH uJ vkd nf; a&;ao;ol/
eef;wGif;pmqdkBuD; 0efBuD;ya'o&mZm[m tonf0efBuD; jzpfvmwJhtcgrSm tonfvlwef;pm;tvTmrsm;jzpfwJh xef;orm;? v,form;? avSxdk;om;wdkY&JUb0udk
odjrifpmemcJhyH&k ygw,f/ qif;&Jom;jynfowl Ykd &UJ b0udk u½kPmyGm;rdy&kH ygw,f/ qif;&JwhJ b0rSm usifvnf&if; tm;rysuf ½ke;f uefMuwJh p½duk tf rlt&mrsm;udk
csD;usL;zG,?f cspfcifMuifemzG,f jzpfatmif az:usL;Edik wf hJ ol&UJ apwem ol&UJ ta&;tzGUJ wdYk u ½dcS ;kd OD;cs&avmufatmif Munfñakd v;pm;zG,jf zpfchJ w,f/ olU&JU
apwem rsKd;aphuae wsmcsif; (w,mcsif; vdkYzwf ) uAsmyef;rsm; ½Sifoef yGifhvef;cJhw,f/
jrefrmpmayordik ;f rSm pmqd0k efBu;D a&;wJh qif;&Jom; jynfob Yl 0 o½kyaf zmf wsmcsi;f rsm;[m *E¬0ifajrmuf½iS o f efaerSm jzpfw,f/
aEGIOD;umvjrLxaomcg - wsmcsif; (xef;wuform;bGJU)

aEGO;D umv? jrLxaomcg? &if;axmif&if;qG?J aqmifNrJ td;k vG,u f m? "g;ES;D xufpmG ? cg;rSmcsyv
f su?f xef;yGixhf ef;cdik f? ½Te;f NrKd iNf rKd i?f
uvdik o f mvG,v f Ykd wufonf ESifh av;/
xef;yif xef;vuf? xef;½Guu f ,fa0a0? pifatmif ckwx f pf? Ekrspuf ,f xef;OD;a&? r,m;i,faqG? xef;a&odr;f qnf;?
om;ajr; [pfaMumf ?acG;0ufu,fac:? xef;avQmfom ,kefydkuf pnf;i,fEiS afh v;/
ac:o½H u kd [ f nf;? vlvnf;aMumfjim? acG;[pfv[ l pf? cwfypfu,f ajcmufaomcg? ykwwfu,f,ek cf g? awmrSm½dMS u? iH;k Muufu,f
zGwf a>r? 0Hyak vG? rae xGuf vmMuonfwnfah v;/
0rf;omtm;&? r,m;uwpfo, G ?f [if;½Guq f ;kd aumif;? aomif;ajymif;a&mívG,?f vifuwpfo, G f ? ,keif ,fup? awm
owå0g? awGUwikd ;f udo k m ? tdwrf mS om ,lí csonfEiS ahf v;/
odEYk iS ahf &mufu? cPatmifv h Qi?f wHpdkYxufESifh? xef;vsuf zdkrSm uif? [if;td;k qlvQi?f tuifcwfNy;D ? td;k uif;ESiahf vSm?f
a&ESiahf Mumf? rd;k arQmif ½kwfo;D i,fEiS ahf v;/
ES;D a'gi;f vef;Bu;D ? cl;Ny;D aomcg? orD;ESiohf m;? rsm;vdrYk 0ifom? 'l;wpfzuf[m? wGe;f umz,fvsu?f olx Y ufigav? pm;awmhrnfap
pm;ayomvS tke;f cGufu,f ESiahf v;/
iHv
Yk suu f , kd pf o
D m? qkwu
f m avG;awmhonf/
Ny;D vQiaf &r½Sm? acG;om auR;awmhonf/
wsmcsi;f 0efBuD;ya'o&mZm
twdrk w
S ef nf;
( aEGOD; &mZm anmif&rf; wsm ? 13 apmif + ysdKUolZm/ ]ya'o&mZm} [HomcsD;rSwf ? pmqdkBuD;jrwf ewf½Sifaemif[?k
pmEkolZm? ysdKUolZmESifh {wk vuFm csif;rsm;pGm/ xHwsmaw½Sif oHpOf jrefrm? wsmawmifoHBudK;? wpfrsdK;xyfpJG? ewfoHtJyif )

1/ pmqdk0efBuD;ya'o&mZmudk txl;csD;a`rSmufaom rif;\ o½kyu f kd uAsmwGif -
bGUJ ct
H rnfukd azmfjyyg/ ]aEGO;D umv jrLxaomcg
2/ xHwsmaw½Si[ f k vlord sm;aom BuKd ;oDcsi;f \ trnfukd azmfjyyg/ &if;axmif&if;qG?J aqmifNrt J ;kd vG,u f m
^ wsmcsi;f udk rnfonfh toHjzifh oDq&dk oenf;/ "g;ES;D xufpmG ? cg;rSmcsyv f suf
3/ }uvdkif}udk rnfodkU toHk;jyK&oenf;/ xef;yGix hf ef;cdik ?f ½Te;f NrKd iNf rKd if
4/ 4if\ wsmcsi;f rsm;udk ynm½Siw f Udk u rnfoUkd qdpk rSwjf yK&oenf;/ uvdik o f mvG,v f w Ykd ufonfEiS ahf v;/}
^ 0efBu;D \ tjcm; wsmcsi;f rsm;teuf wpfy'k u f kd trnf azmfjyyg/ [k a&;zGUJ xm;ygonf/
5/ ]pmEkudkvnf; rcspfESifh olZmudkvnf; rypfESifh }[k ausmfMum; xef;wuform;BuD;\ vkyfief;cGifü ]armifwpfxrf;
aom ysdKUum; tb,fenf;/ r,fwpf½Guf}[k qdkEdkifonfh MunfEl;p&m b0o½kyfudkvnf;
6/ ]tdk;uif;ESifhavSmf a&ESifh aMumf }[lonf rnfodkUqdkvdkoenf;/ jrifawGUEikd &f m-
7/ 0EfBu;D \wsmcsi;f rsm;onf jrefrmpmayopf wpfcef; vSpcf o hJ nf ].....pifatmifcw k x f pf? Ekrspu f ,fxef;OD;a&
[k tb,faMumifh qdx k u
kd o
f enf;/ r,m; i,faqG? xef;&nford ;f qnf;.......}
ponfjzifh qdx k m;onf/
aqG;aEG;avhusi&hf m
1/ toHcsKo d maom tzGUJ ? teuf uspv f spo
f yd o
f nf;aomtzGUJ xef;&nfcNH y;D onfEiS hf awmvdu k &f jyefonf/ [if;pm;
wdu Yk kd azmfxw
k yf g/ ½S m Muonf / ZeD ; r,m;? orD ; ? om;? ajr; pH k v if o nf /
ar;cGe;f ½Snf ar;cGe;f a[mif;avhvm&ef 0dkif;vkyf0dkif;pm; vIyfvIyf½Sm;½Sm; b0rsKd;jzpfonf/ arG;xm;onfh
1/ uAsmrS xef;wuform;wdkY\ b0o½kyfudk a&;zGJYjyyg/ ^ acG;utp yg0ifonf/ cdkoluyfol r½dS/ 0dkif;Mu/ 0ef;Mu/ zrf;Mu/
avhvmwifjyyg/ ^rnfoYkd avhvmod½&dS oenf;/ qD;Mu/ atmf[pfypfcwfMu/ aysmfp&myif jzpfí aeawmhonf/
2/ uAsmwGif xef;wuform; rdom;pk b0udk rnfoYkd o½kyaf zmfxm; þodaYk om jrifuiG ;f udk -
oenf;/^ rnfoYkd *kPw f ifcs;D usL;a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/ ]om; ajr; [pfaMumf? acG;0ufu,fac:......}
ar;cGe;f ½Snaf jzqdyk kH [k vnf;aumif;?
ar;........xef;wuform; rdom;pkb0udk rnfuo
hJ Ykd o½kyaf zmfxm;oenf;/ ]acG;[pf vl[pf? cwfypfu,fajcmufaomtcg
xef;wuform; rdom;pkb0 o½kyfazmftzGJU ( &nf½, G cf suEf iS hf a&;zJUG yHk ) ykwwfu,f ,kecf g? awmrSm½dMS u
anmif&rf;acwfpmqdk 0efBuD;ya'o&mZm a&;zGJUonhf iH;k Muufu,f zGwf a>r? 0Hyak vG
aEGOD;umvjrLxaomcg wsmcsif;uAsmonf tnmaus;vuf rae xGuv f mMuonf wnfah v;}
tonfom; xef;wuform;wd\ Yk b0udk pmemcHpm;rdap vdo k nfh [k vnf;aumif; o½kyfazmfzGJUqdkxm;onf/ 0D&&o? od*Fg&
&nf½, G cf sujf zifh a&;zGUJ onf[k qdEk ikd of nf/ &owdu Yk kd cHpm;&apaom tzJUG prG ;f &nfx;l yif/
uAsmwGif xef;wuform;rdom;pk\ wpfaeYwmb0udk vifjzpfol xef;orm;Bu;D u &orQ awmowå0gwu Ykd kd
o½kyaf zmfxm;onf/ MunfE;l ½Tijf rL; cHpm;rI&o yGm;atmif a&;zGUJ tdwx f J pkaygi;f xnfh ,laqmifvm\/ r,m;uvnf; [if;½Guq f ;kd
xm;onf/ vkyfief;cGif0ifyHk? awmvdkufum [if;pm;½SmMuyHk? aumif; ra½G;ombJ aomif;ajymif;a&mum cl;qGwcf \hJ / obm0u
0dkif;um0ef;um yg0ifvkyfudkifMuyHk? jzpfovdk csufjyKwfum ay;orQ 0rf;0zdo Yk m jzpf[ef½o Sd nf/ txl;wvnf tqmus,f
tm;yg;w& pm;Nred Mf uykw H u
Ykd kd pDum pOfum o½kyaf zmf a&;zGUJ xm; avhr½dSMuyg/ xef;wJodkY jyef&mufcsdefwGif yifyef;aeMuonfh
ygonf/ tavsmuf acwåem;onf/ Ny;D aemuf pm;aomufa&; twGuf
xef;orm;Bu;D onf aEGO;D umvjrLxaom xef;&moDcsed f [if;vsmcsujf yKwf pDryH t kH zJUG rmS -
eHeufapmapmwGif xef;vkyfief;cGifodkY 0ifonf/ 4if;ESifhtwl ]wHpx Ykd ufEiS ?hf xef;vsuzf rkd mS uif
&if;axmif? &if;qG?J jrLtd;k ? uvdik ?f xef;vS;D "g; ponfh xef;wuf [if;td;k qlvQi?f tuif cwfNy;D
ud&, d mwdYk pHvk ifatmif ,laqmifvmonf/ þodaYk om jrifuiG ;f td;k uif;ESiahf vSmf a&ESiahf Mumf
rd;k arQmf i½kwo f ;D i,fEiS ahf v; ...}
[líjzpfonf/ qDroH;k Edik o f nhf b00,f jzpfovdk pDrcH sujf yKwf [k azmfusL;xm;ygonf/ xef;wuform;BuD; zswfvwf
P55
&aom o½kyu f kd a&;zGUJ xm;jcif; jzpfonf/ pmemoem; u½kPm&o wuf<uyHu k kd cs;D usL;tm;&aom apwem xif[yf vsu½f adS Mumif;
yGm;atmif a&;zGUJ Eikd af Mumif; avhvm awGUjrifEikd yf gonf/ awGUEikd of nf/
csufjyKwfa&;NyD;onfESif h ESD;a'gif;vef;BuD;ü jyif\/ xef;wuform;Bu;D \ vkyif ef;cGiüf olwZYkd eD;armifEu HS kd
0rf;u [m? Adu k uf qm? qlyu G af eonfh awm[if;vsm wdu Yk vnf; udk ]armifwpfxrf;? r,fwpf½u G }f toGijf zifh awGUEikd o f nf/ xdjk rifuiG ;f
vIUHaqmfaeawmh&m olx Y ufigom wd;k a0SU ETaJ ysmf ukeMf uonf/ þodYk udv k nf; -
ES D ; a'gif ; vef ; BuD ; ud k 0d k i f ; ywf u m ae&m vk & jyef o nf h ]pifatmifcw k x f pf? Ekrspu f ,f xef;OD;a&
rdom;pkxrif;0dik ;f o½kyu f kd - r,m;i,faqG? xef;a&odr;f qnf; ...}
]..... 'l;wpfzuf[m? wGe;f um z,fvsuf [lí MunfE;l p&m? cspcf ifp&m jzpfatmif zJUG xm;aMumif; awGU&onf/
olx Y ufigav? pm;awmhrnfap xef;&nf cHNy;D onfEiS hf awmvdu k &f jyefonf/ [if;pm;
pm;ayomvS tke;f cGuu f ,fEiS ahf v;/} ½SmMuonf/ ZeD;r,m;? orD;om;ajr; pHv k ifonf/ 0dik ;f vkyf 0dik ;f pm;
[k vnf;aumif; ? vSKyfvSKyf½Sm;½Sm; b0rsLd;jzpfonf/ arG;xm;onfh acG;utp
] iHkYvsuf udk,fpDom qkyfumavG;awmhonf } yg0ifonf/ þo½kyu f vkd nf; -
] Ny;D vQiaf &r½Sm acG;omauR; awmhonf} ].....acG;[pf vl[pf? cwfypfu,f ajcmufaomcg
ponfjzifh vnf;aumif; azmfñeT ;f xm;onf/ ykwwfu,f ,kecf g? awmrSm½SMd u
xef;wuform; rdom;pk\ wpfaeYwm b0o½kyfrSm iH;k Muufu,fzw G af >r0Hyak vG
þodkYvQifwnf;/ pmqdk\ o½kyfazmftzGJUrsm;rSmvnf; ESpfouf raexGuv f m Muonfwnfah v;/}
MunfE;l tm;&apaom? pmemrdapaom? b0tod tjrifw;kd apaom ponfjzifh o½kyaf zmf zJUG qx kd m;onf/ þwGiv f nf; cdo k u
l yfol
tzGUJ rsm; jzpfaMumif; xif½mS ;vSygawmhownf;/ / r½S/d 0dik ;f Mu? 0ef;Mu? zrf;Mu? qD;Mu atmf[pf ypfcwfMu? aysmpf &m
( rGefu&ifweoFm&D rSmar;cJhwJh- aEGOD;umvjrLxaomcg uAsmpmqdkonf xef;wuform;wdkY\ tm;usp&m ESpo f ufp&m obm0udk *kPw f if a&;zJUG xm;aMumif;
b0 yDjyifatmif rnfodkY o½kyfazmf zJGUqdkxm;aMumif; wifjyyg/ qdwk hJ ar;cGe;f rsK;d twGuvf nf; awGUEidk of nf/
þtajzudk jyKjyifajzyg/ ) vif jzpfol xef;orm;Bu;D u &orQ awmowå0gwu Ykd kd
tdwx f J pkaygi;f xnfh ,laqmifvm\/ r,m;uvnf; [if;½Guf
xef;wuform;b0udk 0efBuD;ya'o&mZmu *kPfwifcsD;usL;a&;zJGUyHk (ta&;BuD;onf) qd;k aumif;udk aomif;ajymif;ra½G; cl;qGwaf &maESmum vG,, f cl \hJ /
0ef B uD ; yao&mZmonf aEG O D ; umvjrLxaomcg txl;wvnf tqmus,zf , G f r½S/d þ"avhobm0udyk if -
wsmcsi;f wGif tpk0if rif;rIxrf;r[kwo f l tonfom;qif;&Jom; ]....awmowå0g? awGUwikd ;f udo k m
xef;wuform; rdom;pk\ b0o½kyfudk *kPfwif csD;usL; tdwrf mS om? ,lícsonfEiS ahf v;/}
a&;zJUG co
hJ nf/ ]0rf;omtm;&? r,m;uwpfo, G .f .......}
xef;wuform;BuD;onf aEGOD;umv jrLxaom ponfjzifh wifjy a&;zGUJ xm;ygonf/ pmqd0k efBu;D onf xef;wuf
xef;&moDcsdef eHeufapmapmwGif xef;vkyfief;cGifodkY 0ifonf/ orm; rdom;pk\ wpfaeYwm b0o½kyfudk ESdrfhcsjcif;? uJh½Jhjcif;?
4if;onf 0D&, d aumif;ol jzpfonf/ tvkyu f kd ½dak ool jzpfonf/ jypfwifjcif; tvsO;f r½Syd g/
xef;wuf ud&, d m tpHt k vifjzifh vkyif ef;cGio f Ykd a&muf½v dS mjcif; xef;wJoYkd jyefa&mufcsed w f iG f yifyef;aeonft h avsmuf
jzpfygonf/ xdo k ½kyu
f kd wsmcsif;wGif - acwåem;onf/ NyD;aemuf pm;aomufa&;twGuf [if;vsm
]aEGO;D umv jrLxaomcg csujf yKwyf u kH kd -
&if;axmif &if;qG?J aqmifNrt J ;kd vG,u f m ]..td;k uif;ESihf avSm?f a&ESiahf Bumf
"m;ES;D xufpmG ? cg;rSmcsyv f suf rd;k arQmf i½kwf oD;i,fEiS ahf v;/}
xef;yGihf xef;cdik ?f ½Te;f NrKd iNf rKd if [lí azmfusL;xm;onf/ qDroHk;Edkifonfhb0wGif jzpfovdk
uvdik o f m vG,v f Ykd wufonfEiS ahf v;/} pDr&H onfh o½kyu f kd a&;zJUG xm;jcif; jzpfonf/ þwGiv f nf; pmem
oem;u½kPm&oyGm;atmif wifjyxm;aMumif; awGUjrifEikd o f nf/ tdik cf si;f qdw
k m toHtikd t f ikd f toHNrKd iNf rKd ief YJ trsm;0dik ;f zGUJ
csujf yKwaf &; Ny;D onfEiS hf ES;D a'gi;f vef;Bu;D ü jyifonf/ oDqdk&wJh aw;uAsmwpfrsKd;/ yxr tif;0acwfuwnf;u
0rf;u [m? Adu k u
f qm? ylyal EG;aEG; [if;vsmwdu Yk vnf; vSKH Uaqmf pwifay: aygufcJhw,f/ anmif&rf;acwf ('kwd,tif;0acwf)?
ae&m olx Y ufig wd;k wd;k a0SaY 0SY EJaT ysmf Muonfrh o d m;pk xrif;0dik ;f uk e f ; abmif a cwf wd k i f a tmif quf v uf x G e f ; um;w,f /
o½kyfudk - tdik ;f csi;f uAsmtzGUJ ukd vuf0o J Ek &´ ESihf uif;0efrif;Bu;D uJo h aYkd om
]'l;wpfzuf[m? wGe;f um z,fvsuf eef;wGi;f pmqdw k v Ykd nf; a&;cJMh uao;w,fvYkd qdyk gw,f/
olx Y ufigav? pm;awmhrnfap a½TbdkajrmufvufrSm tdkifcsif;udk ]aumufpdkuftdkif}
pm;ayomvS tke;f cGuu f ,fEiS ahf v;} ]aumufpu kd rf tdik cf si;f } qdNk y;D ac:½;kd ½dyS gw,f/
[lí qdx k m;jyefonf/ þwGif pmqd0k efBu;D \ tzJUG rmS ½Ti½f iT jf rL;jrL; jrefrmESpf 1100 avmufrmS ay:cw hJ hJ tdik cf si;f uAsmrsK;d jzpfvYkd
½SdvSygonf/ cspfcifESpfoufzG,fyif/ xdkrQ ruao;yg - ]ppfrmS wpfr}l udk &mjynft h ikd v
f v Ykd J ac:ygw,f/ ppfxu G cf ge;D ? cspo f ul kd
] iHUk vsuf ud,
k pf oD m qkyu f mavG;awmhonf tjyeftvSef pum;qd&k wJh a½S;acwf ppfonf wpfO;D &JU b0 wpfpw d f
Ny;D vQif a&r½Sm acG;om auR;awmhonf/ } wpfyikd ;f udk xif[yfwhJ tdik cf si;f yg/
[lívnf; jrifom xifom jzpfatmif azmfusL;xm;ygonf/ ar;cGe;f wdk avhvm&ef
0efBuD;onf xef;wuform; rdom;pk\ xrif;0dkif; 1/ tdik cf si;f a&;zl;onfh eef;wGi;f pmqdBk u;D ESpOf ;D um; rnfow l eYkd nf;/
o½kyfjzifh wsmcsif;udk tqHk;owfxm;&m 4if;xrif;0dkif;wGif;odkY 2/ &wkEiS hf aw;xyfwiG f rnfonfh trlt&mudk awGUEidk o f enf;/
0ifa&muf ETaJ ysmcf siaf tmif trTr;f wifonf/ xef;rm;rdom;pkukd 3/ tdik cf si;f rSm rnfonfh acwfwikd af tmif qufvufxif½mS ;oenf;/
cifrif&if;ESD;aompdwf? ESpfvdkaom cHpm;rI? MunfEl;a&mifh&JrI 4/ a½Tbadk jrmufvufwiG f tdik cf si;f udk rnfoUkd ac:½;kd ½So d enf;/
oabmwdv Yk nf; yGm;aponf/ 5/ tb,faMumifh &mjynft h ikd [ f k ac:oenf;/
þonfrmS xef;wuform; rdom;pktay: pmqd0k efBu;D 6/ tdik cf si;f udk rnfoaYkd om pum;jzifh tpcsaD vh ½So d enf;/
\ *kPfwifcsD;usL; trTrf;wiftzGJUwdkY jzpfygaMumif; ajzqdktyf 7/ tdik cf si;f [lonf tb,fenf;/
ygownf;/ / 8/ cspfolarmifonf rnfonfh a'oodkY ppfcsD&jcif; jzpfoenf;/
9/ tdik cf si;f uAsmonf rnfonfah cwfu pwif ay: xGe;f oenf;/
ppfanmif awmifwGif; Nidrf;tdkifcsif;? vuf0J okE´& uif;0efrif;?
5/ ppf r S m wpf r l tdkifcsif; (anmif&rf;acwf tif;0tif;0 yxr ukef;abmif aus;awm rl&mjy
ppfonfb0)
ar;cGe;f 3/(c) ar;cGe;f ½Snf ar;cGe;f a[mif;avhvm&ef
awmifwGif;½SifNidrf;r,f (tw¬KyÜwåd rod&ao;) 1/ uAsmwGif rdef;rysKdav;u ppfxGufcspfolarmif\ b0
0efBu;D ya'o&mZmu eef;wGi;f pmqdBk u;D / ½SiNf ird ;f r,f taMumif;udrk nfoYkd ajymjyoenf;/ ^rdrEd iS hf ppfxu G cf spo
f al rmif\
uawmh aus;awmolwpfO;D jzpf[ef½/dS ]ESraxG;r,fu h kd vdv k Qi}f taMumif;udk rnfoYkd wifjyxm;oenf;/
qd k w J h td k i f c sif ; xJ r S m ]]waygif ; i,f r S wef c l ; ? a½T z D O D ; ud k 2/ uAsm\ &nf½, G cf suf ay:viG af tmif rnfoYkd a&;zJUG xm; oenf;/
3/ uAsmt& rde;f rysKad v;ESihf ppfonfawmfw\Ykd jzpf&yfukd ay:viG f
cl;vSnyhf g½iS }f }qdw k hJ ESpo f ufz,
G f tzGUJ av;ukd zefw;D wJh uAsm½Si/f atmifa&;yg/
tdik cf si;f uAsmawGrmS trsm;tm;jzifh ]cspw f ohJ il ,fav 4/ uAsmwGif awGU&aom rde;f rysKad v;\ pdwx f m;udk azmfxw k f
ol i ,f csif ; aumif ; a,muf r wd k Y a v} qd k w J h tmvk y f p um;eJ U wifjyyg/ ^rS awGU&aom anmif&rf;rdef;rysKdav;\ pdwfxm;udk
tpcsaD vh½ySd gw,f/ aus;awmol wpfO;D u olU&UJ oli,fcsi;f azmfukd azmfxw k f wifjyyg/
ac:a0:wdkifwnf[efeJY a&;zGJUavh½dS w,f/ 'ghaMumifh tdkifcsif;? 5/ uAsmrS a½S;acwf pnfonfawmfwdkY\ b0wpfpdwfwpfydkif;
xif[yf aeyHu k kd azmfjyyg/
tJcsif;awGrSm awmrl? awm[efudk awGU&r,f/ aus;vuf 6/ uAsmrS rde;f rysKEd iS hf ppfonfarmifwYkd jzpf&yfukd oH;k oyfwifjyyg/
bmombm0 "avhx;kH pHrsm;udk awGU&w,f/ ^ rd e f ; uav;wpf O D ; ES i f h ol \ cspf o l t aMumif ; ud k
pdw0f ifpm;zG,w f ifjyyg/ qdrk yd u
kH v
kd nf;-
P57
7/ uAsmrS rde;f rysKad v;u rdr\d ppfxu G cf spo f al rmiftaMumif; ]ppfrmS wpfr?l ESrav;r,fx h ufjzLudk ,lrvm;awmf/
ajymjyyHu k kd rnfoYkd a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/ ppfrmS ,Ge;f r ? ESrav; r,fx h ufvu S kd &rvm;awmf/
8/ uAsmrS ppfxGufol\ cH,lcsufESifh wm0efudk ay:vGifatmif
wifjyyg/ ppf r m
S aqG r sK;
d bd ;
k bG m ; armif r
h m
S ½do
S vm;awmf /}
[k &efawGUoH ygyg zGi[ hf ajymjyygonf/
xdtk ar;a'gowdu Yk kd cspof al rmifu ajzodrahf y;cJyh gonf/
ar;cGe;f ½Snaf jzqdyk kH r,fx h ufjzLoluv kd nf; r,lvykd g/ r,fx h ufvo S l udv k nf; r&Edik yf g/
rde;f rysKad v;\ &ifziG ahf jymMum;[ef ponfjzifh ajz½Sif;onf/ xdkYxufydkí t"duus cdkifvHkvSaom
ppfrmS wpfrt l ikd cf si;f onf anmif&rf;acwf &mjynft h ikd cf si;f tajzpum;udv k nf; ajymMum;cJyh gonf/ xdo k Ykd ta&;w,ljyefvnf
tzGUJ jzpfygonf/ ppfxu G o f mG ;rnfh ppfonfEiS hf ol\cspo f rl ,fwYkd ajzMum;onfh pum;wdkYudk ESrav;u auseyfrd[ef ½dSygonf/
tjyeftvSef pum;qdMk uyHw k u Ykd kd rde;f rysKad v;\ &ifziG ahf jymMum; xdaYk Mumif-h
[efjzifh pmqd½k iS Nf irfd ;f r,fu a&;zGUJ xm;onf/ ]a&ajro h cif? ½Sib f &k ifu
uAsmyg rde;f rysKad v;onf ppfxu G cf spof al rmif taMumif; rdeaYf wmfpmESi?hf tygcsonf? vdu k &f awmhr,f}
udk oli,fcsi;f rsm;xH &ifziG íhf ol\ tvGr;f cHpm;rIukd wdik w f nf [k jyefajymif; ajymjy½Smygonf/
vdok nf/ xdaYk Mumifh - þwGif ESrav;twGuf txl; *kP, f rl ad om taMumif;
]cspw f o hJ il ,fav ...? oli,fcsi;f aumif;a,mufrwdaYk v} wpf c suf ½ d S v m\/ t&nf t csif ; jynf h 0 ol cspf o l a rmif r S m
[laom tmvkyf pum;jzifh tpcsaD c:iif vdu k yf gonf/ bk&ifrif;jrwf\ vuf½Hk;uRef&if; tm;udk;vufudkif jzpfaMumif;
ESrav;onf Edik if w hH m0efod cspo f al rmiftwGuf *kP, f l 0ifh<um;vdkjcif; jzpfonf/ xdktaMumif;udk oli,fcsif;rsm;xH
onf/ ta&;ay:vQif tacsmifcakd eol r[kwaf Mumif; 0if<h um; tm;&0rf;om zGi[ hf yHrk mS -
vdkonf/ þcHpm;csufudk - ]jrif;rSm tke;f cGH ? uRerf mS ukvm;
]olrsm;armifrmS ? ppfoMH um;vQi?f emzsm;Oyg,cf Mkd uw,f/ "g;rSm rd;k BuKd ; ? ,Ge;f ykq;kd ESihf td;k pm;zufpkH
ESrav;r,fwYkd armifrmS ppfoMH um;vQif ppfonf yHkrSm ? uRef,Hkpm;rdkY}
a½T"g;ydkufum? tdk;pm;zufudk vdkufvdkY½Smonf} [líjzpfonf/
[k &ifziG v hf u
kd o f nf/ &J&ifah om? owdjå ynf0h aom cspo f al rmiftay: xdo k aYkd om &ifziG ahf jymMum;[efaMumifh ESrav;^ vHrk ysK^d
av;pm;csD;usL;vdkufjcif; jzpfonf/ cspfolr,f^ rdef;rysKdav;\ oli,fcsif; taygif;tazmfrsm;uyg
ESrav;^vHrk ysKo d nf rde;f rom;yDyD ppfxu G cf spo f al rmif ESrav;twGuf *kP, f zl , G f jzpfcahJ vonf/
twGuf pd;k &dryf v kd suf ½djS yefonf/ ppfcsD&mvrf;c&D;wGif &moDq;kd rde;f rysKad v;rSmrl cspo f al rmif ppfxu G &f mt&yfqo D -Ykd
BuKH um &ufv ½SnfMumrnfudkvnf; awG;onf/ &du©m ravmuf ]armifuav;i,f armifom vdu k w f hJ
ri jzpfrmS udv k nf; aMumifMh uonf/ ol\ pd;k &drpf w d uf -kd awmifywfv,f(vnf)ESihf Zif;r,fqo kd nf
]&dum© uenf;? rd;k uonf;ESihf oif;wGu J kd ul;ygvrd hf ndKwNhJ rKd UrmS ..ysKv Yd rG ;f zG,af v;}
rvm;awmf} [k rSe;f arQmwf rf;wvsu½f ySd gawmhonf/
[lí xkwaf zmfajymjyygonf/ ppfrmS wpfrt l ikd cf si;f wGif rde;f rysKad v;\ u½kPm oufz, G f
ES r av;^vH k r ysKd ^ cspf o l r ,f a v;onf ppf x G u f o l &ifziG ahf jymMum;[efukd þodv Yk Qif jrifawGUEikd yf gownf;/
cspo f al rmifEiS hf cGcJ mG &onfukd rvdv k m;ay/ ppfajrrSm aysmaf rGUwwf
ol cspo f al rmifwiG f tjcm;wpfyg; oHa,mZOf ½do S mG ;rnfuv kd nf;
aomuydkvsuf ½dSonf/ cGJ&uf? cGm&uf? vGrf;xm;&ufol[k
armifBuD;cspfoltay: a&mif;&if;rsm;a0zef jypfwif vmMurnf
udkvnf; rcHpm; Edkif½Smyg/ xdkaomursm;aMumifh cspfa'go pum;
ppfrSmwpfrl uAsmrS ppfxGufcspfol\ cH,lcsufESifh wm0efudk ay:vGifatmif wifjyyg/
ppfrSmwpfrluAsmrS ppfxGufcspfol\ cH,lcsufESifhwm0ef
]ppfrSmwpfrl}onf anmif&rf;acwf? awmifwGif; Edik if tH wGuf ud;k pm; tm;xm; xdu k o f ?l ol&aJ umif;
½SiNf ird ;f r,f\ tdik cf si;f wpfy'k f jzpfygonf/ uAsmyg ppfxu G cf spo
f El iS hf t&nftcsi;f jynf0h ol ppfonfawmfwu Ykd kd aumufEw k af ½G;xkwu f m
r,fav;wdYk tjyeftvSef ajymqdMk uyHw k iG f ppfxu G cf spo f al rmif\ rSww f rf;pm&if; wifxm;onf/ jrif;wumwdt Yk euf taumif;qH;k
cH,cl suEf iS hf wm0efuykd g odjrifciG &hf ygonf/ [k pHxm;xdu k o f nfh tke;f cGjH rif;? opöm½Su d sK;d EGrH w
I iG f pHxm;xdu k af om
uAsmwGif aus;awmolysKdav;u aumufpdkufazmf uRefukvm;? txufjrufqHk;[k pHjyK&rnfh rdk;BuKd;oGm;wyf"m;
a&mif;&if;? taygi;f toif;wdu Yk kd wdik w f nfum - ponfhwkdYenf;wlyif xdkpm&if; rSwfwrf;0if vuf½Hk;uRef&if;
]......olrsm;armifrSm ppfoHMum;vQif emzsm; Oyg,f wpfO;D jzpfol armifBu;D udk ½Sib f &k ifu ,d;k ',m;a'o Zif;r,foYkd
cdMk uw,f/ ppfcsv D u
kd yf g&ef wm0efay;xm;onf/
ESrav; r,fwaYkd rmifrmS ppfoMH um;vQif a½T"g;ydu k uf m? bk&ifu, kd wf ikd f tygcsjcif;jzpfí ppfxu G o f \l wm0efrmS
td;k pm;zufukd vdu k v f ½Ykd mS onf...} BuD;jrwfvSygonf/ *kPf,lzG,fyif jzpfawmhonf/ tm;us
[lí ajymjyaeonf/ Ekid if aH wmfumuG,af &;? ppfa&;? wm0efrsm; p&mvnf; aumif;ygonf/ trdEikd if t H wGuf pGev Yf wT pf eG pYf m; &Jaom
ay:ay:uv f monfwiG f ysKad v;\ cspo f al rmifonf vTaJ ½Smifwwfol &J0ahH om owåjd ynf0h aom ppfonftjzpf awGU jrifvm&onf/
r[kwf/ aoazmf½Sifwl[k qkd&rnfh tdk;pm;zuf&JabmfwdkYudk aus;vuf w G i f usef & pf o l ysKd a rrS m rl ] ....
vdkufvH½SmazG aqmfMoavh½Sdol jzpfonf/ ESrav;url - Zif;r,fqo kd nf? ñdw k NhJrKUdrmS ysKv
d rG ;f zG,af v;} [líom qd&k awmhonf/
]&dum© uenf;? rd;k uonf;ESihf oif;wJu G kd ul;ygvrd rhf vm;} armifBu;D wm0efus&m ,d;k ',m;a'o Zif;r,ft&yfoYkd a&mf&rf;rSe;f q
[lí ylyefae&wwfaomfvnf; cspfolarmifBuD;rSm ppfcsDpOf vGr;f wae&awmhonf/
BuHKawGU&wwfonfh vrf;c&D; Murf;wrf;cufcJjcif;? &du©m ppfrSmwpfrltdkifcsif;wGif ppfxGufol\ cH,lcsufESihf
jywfvyfjcif;? &moDq;kd 'Pfc&H jcif; ponfwu Ykd kd BuBHh ucHh H &ifqikd u f m wm0efukd þodv Yk Qif avhvmodjrif&ygownf;/ /
wm0efudk vdkvm;pGm xrf;½Gufwwfoljzpfonf/ ppfon
f a rmif B uD ; wG i f Ed k i f i H a wmf \ opö m ud k apmif h o d ½d k a oaom rdef;uav;wpfOD;ESifh ol\ cspfoltaMumif; (&cdkif) ar;cGef;udkajzwwf&ef txufyg tajzudk
cH,lcsuf½SdaMumif; awGUEdkifonf/ odkYaomf ppfcsD&avwdkif; jyKjyifjcif;? jznfhpGufjcif;jyKí avhusifhyg/
cJcG mG oGm;wwfol armifBu;D udk ESrav;u -
]ppfrmS wpfr?l ESrav; r,fx h ufjzLudk ,lrvm;awmf....}
ponfjzifh ar;wwfao;onf/ cspo f al rmifBu;D url - tvuFm
]ppfrmS wpfr?l ESrav; r,fx h ufjzLudk r,lb;l Asm........} ]]a½T"g; (½lyutvuFm)}} vdYk ar;vm&if 'Dvkd ajzay;vdu k yf g/
ponfjzifh wHjYk yef ajzMum;½Si;f vif;cJo h nf/ ppfxu G o f l armifBu;D \ ]ppfrSmwpfrl}uAsmwGif armifBuD; ppfonfawmf\
½Si;f vif;pum;wGif ppfa&;cH,cl suu f kd - ppfa&;wuf<uaom trlt&mudk azmfñTef;onfh pum;tjzpf
]a&ajrU ocif? ½Sib f &k ifu? rdeaYf wmfpmESihf tygcsonf? oH;k xm;ygonf/
vdu k &f awmhr,f} ESpfoufjrwfEdk;wefzdk;xm;zG,fjzpfyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf
[lí awGUEikd jf rifEikd o f nf/ þonfrmS t½Sio f cif bk&ifrif;jrwfu a½T(tEdIif;)ESifh "g;(tEdIif;cH)wdkYudk xyfwljyKxm;ojzifh ½lyu
ay;tyfvmonfh wm0efukd rvTrJ a½Smif/ ausyeG af tmif xrf;½Guf tvuFmajrmufygonf/
rnf [lonfh cH,cl suyf if jzpfonf/ xdrk Qruao;yg -
]jrif;rSm tkef;cGH? uRefrSm ukvm;? "m;rSm rdk;BudK;?
,Ge;f ykq;kd ESihf td;k pm;zufp?kH ppfonfyrkH mS uRe, f pkH m;rd.Yk ...}
[lívnf; ajymjycJyh gao;onf/
ukef;abmifacwfuAsmrsm;
bkef;ESifh waygif; XmeD ausmif; awmif aqmif; aumufpdkuf ar/
wdk; ,m MuifO pavyk zdk;OD; q&maz/ arar rodaus;vufaw/
6/ bkef;ESifh uHESifh a½ToZif ( uAsmtzJUG yHpk -H &uef )( &mr&uefO;D wd;k ^ a½Twu
kd pf ;kd OD;wd;k âqmif;yg;armifw;kd ? )
pdrBhf u;D jrKd iBf u;D &dyBf u;D awmawmif? aea&mif rcH? yef;ysH yifqif?h ajrESihf &efzuf? cufvuf pdr;f jr? rd;k rcbl;/
aEGv oefaygu?f ,Ofcsed af &mufcgr?S ESi;f aomufu,f ½Ti½f iG ?f yGizhf ;l awG qifMuonf/
a½Tyifqifh aiGyifqif?h ywåjrm;yifqif?h *rke;f tifh tzuf? aqmif;puf &dycf ?kd a&wGuv f Ykd qdak wmhrnf/
aea&mifjcnf va&mif0g? rd;k vH;k jym rd;k vH;k rdiI ;f ? ykvq J ikd ;f ? ykvEJ pS ?f csppf &mh vdyjf ymawmif? eDvma&mif awmifv;kH NrKd i?f oH;k yGiq hf ikd ?f
cdik v
f ;kH qef;? yifv;kH vef;? EJUG wef;,dr;f ? ñSmwHprd ;f rsm;wd?Yk avodr;f wdik ;f vS udE&é u D onfEh , S /f wcsKUD u eDjymjym? wcsKUd u
jzL0g0g? wcsKUd rmS csyd yf iG ?hf wcsKUd rmS yef;&ifu
h kd yifqifh yef;ys?H bJUG rnf&nf cHcsi;f wGi?f a0,ef eef;jrif?h yefwikd ;f wifrh Ukd ? NrKd U0efrif;Y pm?
vdyf rygb?J uG,&f maps;jyif? a&mif;vdrYk sm;? jrifrvmY;/ aocsiaf o? ½Sicf si½f iS ?f tifrwefY tifrwef? ½mZ0wfawmf cH&rnf/
jrwfyefawmfyef;? cdik v f ;kH vef;ud?k [dak vmifyef;yGi?hf b,f*P k af Mumifh 0ifrh wk;kH ? bke;f ESihf uHEiS hf a½ToZif/ /
( OD;wd;k OD;wd;k qifpOfYb;kd oHawmfqifeh YJ a½Twu kd pf ;kd ? aZ,sausmo f l bJUG wpfrsK;d )
rSwcf suf/ / &mr? vu©Pm? oDwma'0D? 'ó*D&d qdkwJh ZmwfaqmifawGygwJhZmwf/ &mr rif;om; av;wifyJG qifEJTNyD; tEdkif&? oDwma'0Dudk
odrf;jref;? jynfawmf jyeftvmUUUUUUUUU? vrf;c&D;awmawmif obm0 wpfae&ma&mufcdkuf oZifyef;bJGUtcsD; ZmwfuGuf jzpfygw,f/
uAsmteuf
pdrBhf u;D ? NrKd iBf u;D ? t&dyBf u;D &m awmawmiftwGi;f aea&mif txdtcdu k f rcHc&hJ onfh yef;ysH yifqifh yef;uav;rsm; 0ifx h nf
yGiv hf ef;aeMuonf/ ajrBu;D odv Yk nf; rqif;ouf/ ajrwGif raygu/f tcuftvufav;rsm; pdr;f pdr;f jrjrjzifh jrifawGUEikd o f nfh yef;oZif
jzpfygonf/ rd;k a& tpdpk w G f rcH,b l J aqmif;ESi;f wdYk usqif;vmonf&Y moD or,wGirf o S m ½Ti½f iT v
f ef;vef; tvSt,Of qifwwfonfh
yef;oZif jzpfygonf/
yef;oZifwiG f tazmf tzufrsm;vnf; ½Syd gao;onf/ *rke;f tiftEG,rf sm; jzpfonf/ a½Ta&mif a½Tyif? aiGa&mif aiGyif?
ywåjrm; a&mif? ywåjrm;yifwYkd txufwiG f qifíh yGiv hf ef;MuNrJ jzpfygonf/
a&wGuíf qd&k ygvQif vufww H ?kd vufw½H n S ?f aea&mifjcnf va&mif0g? rd;k vH;k jym rd;k vH;k rdiI ;f ? ykvq
J ikd ;f ? ykvEJ pS f ? csppf &mh
vdyjf ymawmif? eDvma&mif? awmifv;kH NrKd i?f oH;k yGiq hf ikd ?f cdik vf ;kH qef;? yifv;kH vef;? EJUG wef;,dr;f ? ñSmwHprd ;f ponfjzifh trsK;d trnf pHv k ifvyS gb/d
avt,lwiG f ,dr;f EJUG ae[efrmS udE&´ D uonft h vm; vSywifw h ,fayonf/ tcsKUd u eDjymjym ta&mif? tcsKUd u jzL0g0gtaoG;? tcsKUd u
csyd yf iG ahf &mif? tcsKUd u yef;&ifah &mif/ ta&mifpkH taoG;pHk tvSaoG; <u,faeMuonf/ yifjrifph H yifqifh yef;ysH bJUG rnfcH yef;rsm;yif
jzpfawmhonf/
odvYk Qif *rke;f tiftEG,f opfct G EG,w f Ykd tvScsi;f qdik íf NrKd iaf eMuayonf/ þwGif yef;oZifum; a0,efeef;jrifh yefwikd ;f wifo h nfh
awmf0ifyef;jrwf jzpfvmcJ&h ayonf/ a0Z,EÅm eef;jrwfxuf0,f xnf0gonfh yef;bk&if jzpfvmcJ&h onf/ *kP&f nf xl;jrwfow l Ykd
yefqif xdu k o f nfh yef;jrwfrmvm jzpfvmcJ&h ygonf/ NrKd U0efrif;h cGijhf yKred Uf pm ryg½b dS J aps;jyif aps;wGi;f ponf a&mif;csciG ?hf oH;k pJcG iG hf
rjyKEikd af y/ usL;vGev f Qif usc&H rnfh tjypf'PfrmS vnf; Bu;D av;vGe;f ygb/d
xdaYk Mumifh awmf0if eef;xdu k o f nfh yef;jrwfoZif\ *kP&f nfum; xl;uJ jrifjh rwfvyS gonf/ olUtaz:tzuf yef;wdyYk if vQif
*kPw f ?k *kPNf yKd if *kP0f ifh rpGr;f omawmhacs/ tjcm;aom aeavmifyef;? (avmif;&dycf ykd ef;) wdrYk u l m; tb,f *kP&f nfjzifh ,SONf yKd i0f rhH nfenf;/
bke;f wefujH rifh Bu;D jrwfvo S nfh jrwfyef;awmf0if a½ToZif jzpfayawmhownf;/ /
&uefuAsm ar;cGef;½Snfâr;cGef;a[mif;^ avhvmyg/^ avhusifhyg/
- tcHum&efudk Mum;yg' cHNyD;rS jyefítkyfaom cGmaxmuf 1/ oZifyef; bkef;uHjrifhyHkudk pmqdku rnfodkY zJGUxm;oenf;/
pyfenf;udk trsm;qHk; oHk;onfh uAsm/ ^..*kPu f kd rnfoYkd azmfusL;xm;oenf;/ .....&ueftzJUG pGr;f &nfukd
- tjcm;pmqdk tjcm;t&mrsm;udk ESrd ef if; ausmufuefNyD; rdrdpm? avhvmwifjyyg/..rS oZifyef;\ xl;uJjrifhjrwfaom *kPf&nfrsm;udk^ bkef;uHBuD;rm;yHkudk
rdrd zJUG v&kd mudk tvGet f rif; *kPw f ifzUGJ EJUG avh½adS om tzJUG tEJUG wpfrsKd ;/ pmqdku rnfodkY csD;usL;zJGUqdk xm;oenf;/ ^zJGUqdkwifjyxm;oenf;/
- um&efudk uefjcif;? tjcm;t&m? tjcm;olrsm;udrk rd &d & uefí ( txufar;cGef;awGrSm ta&;tom;udk tm;jyKar;xm;w,f/ )
zJGUqdkjcif;aMumifh &uef[k qdo k nf/ 2/ oZifyef;\ *kPfjrifhyHkudk o½kyfazmfyg/ (ajzjyxm;onf)
- &uefrsm; teuf taumif;qH;k &uef jzpfonf[k ynm½Sirf sm;u bkef;uHBuD;rm;aom oZifyef;\ taMumif;udk uAsmjzifh udk;um;azmfjyyg/
rSww f rf;wifxm;/ uAsmrS oZifyef;\ *kPfudk ay:vGifatmif o½kyfazmf csD;usL;a&;om;yg/
OD;wdk; 3/ uAsmt& okw &o &yHkudk ajzqdkyg/
jrefrmESpf 1113? c&pfESpf 1751/ a½TbdkNrdKUtaemuf
c&D;wpfwdkiftuGm qD;awm½GmzGm;/ i,fpOf pmayusrf;*ef 1/ pmqd½k aI xmif^h (ta&;tzJUG )
wwfajrmufatmif oifMum;um &[ef;jyKc/hJ &[ef;b0rS xGuíf aZ,sausmo f Ol ;D wd;k \ &ueftzJUG pGr;f &nf
qif jzL½Sifrif;? pOf hul;rif;wdkYxH cpm;um &wk? uAsmrsm;tjyif uk e f ; abmif a cwf p mqd k OD ; wd k ; \ &mr&uef r S
aqmif;yg;rsm;udk a&;om;onfhtwGuf aqmif;yg;armifwdk;[k xkwEf w k o
f nfh ]bke;f ESiu hf EH iS hf a½ToZif}wGif oZifyef;\ bke;f uHjrifyh kH
ausmMf um;/ ukd cs;D usL; a&;zJUGxm;onf/ xdjYkyif tjcm;aom yef;tvSwYkd rnfrQyif
bd k ;awmfb&k m;vufxufwiG f om;awmf tdraf ½SUrif;xH wifhw,fapumrl? *kPfedrfhyef;rsm;omjzpfonf[k uefausmuf
cpm;í {csi;f ? &wk? &uefrsm; a&;cJ/h &mr&uefukd a&;ojzifh zJUG qo kd nf/ þwGif aZ,sausmo f l OD;wd;k \ &ueftzJUG pGr;f &nfukd
&mr&uefO;D wd;k [k wpf[ek x f ;kd xif½mS ; ausmaf pmvmcJ/h avhvmjrifawGUEikd yf gonf/
tdraf ½SUoaH wmfqift h &m? a½Twu kd pf ;kd t&mwdüYk ]aZ,s
ausmo f }l bJUG EiS hf xrf;½Gucf o
hJ nf/ uAsmwGif OD;wdk;onf oZifyef;\ aygufa&muf
aus;apppfcs&D wkrsm;? ppfuikd ;f rif;{csi;f ? ½d;k awmf,{l csi;f ? yGifhvef;yHk obm0ukd yxrOD;pGm *kPfwifonf/ 0ef;usifrSm
qGwyf sUH z, G af tmifcsD ewf½iS af emif&wktajz/ a&mufEikd cf jJ cif;? ae&mxdik cf if;jrifjh rwfjcif;? trsK;d tEG,\f xl;uJjcif;
(bkef; wdk; &mr ukef; &uef a½Tbdk taemuf qD;awmpH
yGiv hf ef;csed o
f r, at;csr;f om,mjcif;wdu Yk -kd
um&ef tjcm; uefuefuef ) ]pdrBhf u;D NrKd iBf u;D ? &dyBf u;D awmawmif
aea&mif rcH? yef;ysH yifqifh
ar;cGef;wdk avhusifhcef; ajrESihf &efzuf? cufvuf pdr;f jr? rd;k rcbl;
(1) aqmif;yg;armifw;kd [k tb,faMumifh ausmMf um;oenf;/ aEGv oefaygu?f ,Ofcsed af &muf cgr.S ..../ }
(2) tb,faMumifh &mr&uefO;D wd;k [k wpf[ek x f ;kd xif½mS ;oenf;/ ponfjzifh jrifomxifomjzpfatmif w,kw, a&;zJUG xm;ygonf/
(3) rnfonfwdkYudk uefojzifh &uef[k qdkoenf;/
(4) &uefqdkonfrSm rnfodkYaom uAsmrsKd; jzpfoenf;/ þwGif]yef;ysHyifqifh}[k bJGUtrnfwifum yef;bk&if
(5) &mr&uefukd ynm½Siw f u Ykd rnfoYkd wefz;kd jzwfoenf;/ jzpfaMumif; trTr;f wifvu kd o
f nf/ tedrphf m;tvTmESihf vGwu f if;um
(6) ]jrwfyefawmfyef;}onf rnfonft h eufukd aqmifoenf;/ oD;oD;oefYoefY ½SifoefyHkudk ]ajrESifh &efbuf}[k zGUJonf/
(7) a½Twu kd pf ;kd t&mü OD;wd;k onf rnfonfb h UGJ EiS hf xrf;½Guo f enf;/ aEGv?rd;k vwdYk vGwu f if;onfh *kPu f kd ]aEGvoefaygu}f [k qdv k u kd f
(8) OD;wd;k &[ef;b0rS xGuNf y;D rnfonfrh if;wdx Yk H cpm;oenf;/ onf/ uspfvspfodyfonf;rI MoZ*kPfajrmuf tzJGUav;rsm;
(9) &ueftzJUG wiG f rnfonfh pyfenf;udk trsm;qH;k oH;k oenf;/ jzpfygonf/
(10)&ueftzJUG wiG f rnfoaYkd om pyfenf;udk trsm;qH;k oH;k oenf;/ xdjYk yif cdsecf goifh yGiv hf ef;yHuk kd ]....,Ofcsed af &mufcgr}S [k
(11)],Ofcsed f a&mufcgr}S [lonf rnfo h nfh teuf &oenf;/ vnf;aumif;? ]ESi;f aomufu,f½iT ½f iT ?f yGizhf ;l awG qifMuonf}[k
(12) &ueftzJUG wiG f xl;jcm;aom uefjcif;ESp&f yfum; tb,fenf;/ vnf;aumif; wifw h ,fvyS pGm oDzUGJxm;yHrk mS twk,zl , G f jzpfonf/
(13) atmufygwdkY MoZ*kPf ajrmufyHkudk ´½Sif;jyyg/
aqmif;puf&yd cf ?kd yifqifh yef;ys?H jrwfyefawmfyef;? qufvufí a½Ta&mif a½Tyif? aiGa&mif aiGyif? ywåjrm;
[dak vmifyef;yGi?hf aEGvoefaygu/f a&mif ywåjrm;yifw\Ykd txufwiG f qifíh yGiv hf ef;MuNrJ jzpfyu kH kd
zJUGojD yefonf/ þwGif ]*rke;f tiftzuf? aqmif;puf&yd cf }kd [k qdu k m onfh &ueftzJUG wjYkd zifh tpGr;f jycJyh gonf/ oZifyef;udk *kPw f if&if;
yef;oZifrmS *rke;f tiftEG,f jzpfí tazmftzuf trsK;d tEG,w f Ykd ol o mvQ i f eef ; awmf x uf u awmf 0 if p mqd k B uD ; jzpf a Mumif ;
Nc&H w H ifw h ,fonfukd - wifpm;cJyh ukH ykd g avhvmjrifawGU Edik yf gonf/
] vufww H kd wpfrnf vufw½H n S Ef iS hf OD;wd;k \ &ueftzJUG vuf&mrSm ESpo f ufz, G f twk,zl , G f
aea&mifjcnf va&mif0g ½Sv
d yS gownf;/ /
rd;k vH;k jym rd;k vH;k rdiI ;f .........} 2/ ausmif;om; ½Iaxmifh (taMumif;t&m)ydkif;rS ajzqdkyHk
ponfjzifh tr,fp?kH trnfpkH a&wGujf yonf/ tvSaoG;Mu, G u f m yef;oZif\ bke;f uH^ oZifyef;\ bke;f uHjrifyh ^kH
ta&miftaoG; pHv k ifa0qmyHu k ]kd wcsKd Uu eDjymjym? wcsKUd u jzL0g0g?
wcsKd UrmS csyd yf iG ?hf wcsKd UrmS yef;&if}h ponf azmfusL;onf/ xdt k Nct H &H ]oZifyef;\ bkef;uHjrifhyHk}udk ukef;abmifacwfpmqdk
yef;pHw k \Ykd ,dr;f EJUG vSKy½f mS ;yHu k -kd aZ,sausmo f Ol ;D wd;k \ &mr&uefrS aumufEw k of nfh ]bke;f ESiu
hf EH iS hf
]... avodr;f wdik ;f vS? udE&é D uonfEh , S .f ...} a½ToZif}wGif ESpo f ufoabmusz, G f awGU jrifEikd yf gonf/
[lívnf; trlt&may:atmif zJUG oo D nf/ xdrk Qru yifqifyh ef;ysH uAsmwGif tpwGif -
bJUG rnfcyH ef;rsm; jzpfonf[k qdv k u kd jf yefayao;onf/ odv Yk Qif ]pdrBhf u;D NrKd iBf u;D ? &dyBf u;D awmawmif
*rke;f tift f EG,?f opfct G EG,w f Ykd tvS*P k Nf rKd iaf eMuayonf/ aea&mif rcH? yef;ysH yifqif?h ajrESihf &efzuf
cufvuf pdr;f jr? rd;k rcbl;/
odaYk omf OD;wd;k onf xdo k aYkd om *rke;f EG,v f S yef;opfcG aEGv oefaygu?f ,Ofcsed af &muf cgrS
wdu Yk kd yef;oZif\ tNct H &Hyef;? tcpm;0ifyef;rsm; tjzpfom t&m ESi;f aomufu,f ½Ti½f iG ?f yGizhf ;l awG qifMuonf/}
xm;vdk[ef ½Sdonf/ yef;oZifudk ,SOfvm? wkvm? EdIif;qG,f [lí oZifyef;\ ayguaf &mufyiG v hf ef;yHk obm0ukd jrifawGUEikd f
vmrnfurkd l vufrcH/ ygonf/
xdaYk Mumifh a0Z,EÅm odMum;ewfbx kH uf0,f wifw h ,f þwGif ]yef;ysHyifqifh}[k bJGUtrnf BuD;jrwfyHkudk
tyfonfh awmf0ifyef;jrwf jzpfyHk? eef;oHk;yef;jzpfí NrdKU0efrif;\ awG U & onf / ]ajrES i f h &ef b uf } [k qd k o jzif h atmuf a jc
cGijhf yKred pYf m r&Sb d J aps;jyif? aps;wGi;f a&mif;0,f oH;k pJrG I rjyKEikd af tmif tedrfhpm;tvTmESifh vGwfuif;um oD;oD;oefYoefY ½SifoefyHkudk
wm;jrpfxm;yH?k usL;vGef azmufzsuyf gu tjypfBu;D av;pGm uscaH p jrif&onf/ ]aEGvoefaygu}f [k qd&k mwGif aEGvrd;k vwdYk txdt½du k rf S
onftxd umuG,f apmifha½Smuf ta&;w,l jyKxm;&onfh vG w f u if ; onf h *k P f u d k jrif & onf / þod k Y v Q i f at;jr
yef;oZifjzpfyHkwdkYudk- aqmif;ESi;f &nfwYkd pdpk w G v f monfEiS hf cdsecf goifh yGiv hf ef;onfh yef;oZif
].....aocsiaf o ½Sicf si½f iS ?f tifrwefY tifrwef jzpfayawmhonf/
&mZ0wfawmf cH&rnf................}
ponfh tzJUG wjYkd zifh txift½Sm; uefo Y wfpnf;jcm; ypfvu kd o f nf/ qufvufí -
] a½Tyifqif?h aiGyifqif?h ywåjrm;yifqifh }
wpfqufwnf;rSmyif eef;rl eef;&m a½TwdkufawmfrSm [k qd&k avmufatmif a½Ta&mif a½Tyif? aiGa&mif aiGyif? ywåjrm;a&mif
ae&m,l pHy,fonfukd ]]jrwfyefawmf yef;? cdik v f ;kH vef;}}[k zJUGonf/ ywåjrm;yifwdkY\ txufwGif qifhí yGifhvef;Muonfudkvnf;
tjcm;aeavmifyef;wdYk bke;f uH rJyh u kH v kd nf;]]...[dak vmif yef;yGihf ESpo f ufz, G f jrif&jyefonf/
b,f*P k af Mumifh 0ifrh wk;H }}[k aiguif ef;oHygygjzifh wm;jrpfonf/
tjywf½iS ;f uefausmuf ESyd u f yG f vdu k af om tzJUG ygay/ þwGif ]*rke;f tift h zuf? aqmif;puf&yd cf }kd [k qdu k m
yef;oZifrmS *rke;f tiftEG,f jzpfí tazmftzuf trsK;d tEG,w f Ykd
tNy;D owfwiG f yef;oZif\ *kP&f nftqifh Bu;D us,f NcH & H w if h w ,f aeayao;onf / vuf w H w d k ? vuf w H ½ S n f ?
crf;em;onfu-kd aea&mifjcnf? va&mif0g? rd;k vH;k jym rd;k vH;k rdiI ;f ponfjzifh tr,fp?kH
]....... bkef;ESifh uefESifh a½ToZif } trnfpkH awGU&jyefonf/ tHhp&myif jzpf&onf/ tqef;wMu,f
[k qdv k u kd yf gawmhonf/ tvSaoG; <u,f<u,f yGifhvef;Muayonf/ ] tcsdKu eDjymjym?
&uefb&k ifBu;D OD;wd;k onf þtzJUG ww Ykd iG f aooyfvyS tcsKdUu jzL0g0g? tcsdKUrSm csdyfyGifh? tcsdKUu yef;&ifh } ponf ponf

ta&miftaoG; pHv k ifa0qmvSyaeayonf/ xdyk ef;pHw k rYkd mS - ]tjcm;aom yifjrifhxufü wifhw,f zl;yGifhonf}[k
]... avodr;f wdik ;f vS? udE&é D uonfEh , S f} wdu k ½f u kd rf qdb k J ]yifqifh yef;ys}H [k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm;......../
[k qd&k avmufatmif,rd ;f EJUG vSKy½f mS ;yHk trlt&mav;rsm;utp 20/ ajrESi&fh efbuf (0uF0w k t då vuFm)
]....}uAsmwGif oZifopfcw G Ykd ayguaf &muf yGiv hf ef;yHuk kd
cspfp&m jzpfaejyefonf/ oZifyef;enf;wlyif yifqifhyef;ysH az:usK;&mü pmqdku oHk;xm;ygonf/
bJUG rnfcyH ef;rsm; jzpfaeMuayonf/ ]opfct G EG,0f ifyef;av;rsm;onf edru hf saom ajrjyifwiG f
odaYk omf ,if;odaYk om *rke;f EG,v f S yef;opfcw G rYkd mS yef; raygu}f [k wdu k ½f u kd rf qdb k J ]ajrESi&hf efbuf}[k oG,0f u kd f a&;zJUG
oZif\ tNcHt&Hyef;? tcpm;0ifyef;rsm;omjzpf&m yef;oZifudk xm;ojzifh 0uF0w k t då vuFm ajrmufygonf/
,SOw f zk ufNyKd iv f mí rjzpfEikd af y/ 21/ rd;k rc (0uF0w k t då vuFm)
]]a0,ef eef;jrif?h yefw f ikd ;f wifrh .Ykd ........}} ].....}uAsmwG i f rd k ; a&xd c d k u f vG w f u if ; onf h
[k qdx k m;onfEiS hf tnD oZifyef;rSm a0Z,EÅm odMum; ewfbHk oZifopfcw G \ Ykd *kP&f nfukd az:usL;&mü pmqdu k oH;k xm;ygonf/
xuf0,f wifw h ,f pHy,fonfh awmf0ifyef;jrwf jzpfawmhonf/ ]rd;k &moDwiG rf yGi?hf rd;k a&'PfrcH&} [k wdu k ½f u kd rf qdb k J
]rd;k rc}[k oG,0f u kd f zGq YJ x kd m;aomaMumif.h .........../
ay:O;D csed cf gwiG vf nf; NrKd U0efrif;\ cGijhfyKred pYf m ryg½b dS J aps;wGi;f ? aps;jyif
a&mif ; 0,f oH k ; pJ G r I rjyKEd k i f a tmif wm;jrpf v suf ? 22/ aqmif;puf&yd cf kd (0uF0w k t då vuFm)
]....}uAsmwGif opfcGyef;av;rsm; yGifhvef;avh½Sdonfh
usL;vGefazmufzsufygu tjypfBuD;av;pGm uscHaponf txd tcg&moDudk az:ñTef;&mü pmqdu k oHk;xm;ygonf/
umuG,f apmifah ½Smuf ta&;t&mjyKxm;&onfh ]jrwfyefawmfyef;} ]aqmif;&moDtcgü yGiv hf ef;onf][k wdu k ½f ukd rf qdb k J
jzpfygonf/ aqmif;puf ½dycf [ kd k oG,0f u kd zf UJG qx kd m;aomaMumif.h ........../
t&m ra&mufonfh tjcm;aeavmifyef;wdu Yk vkd nf; - 23/ avmifyef;yGifh (0uF0w k t då vuFm)
]..[dak vmif yef;yGihf b,f*P k af Mumifh 0ifrh wk;H ...} ].....}uAsmwGif oZifyef;ESifh *kPfwk,SOfNydKif&ef
[k jywfjywfom;om; jcm;em; jyxm;&m yef;oZifonfom rpGr;f omonfh tjcm;aomyef;rsm;udk az:jy&mü oH;k xm;.........../
]tjcm;aomaeavmifcHyef;rsm;][k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ
]]bkef;ESifh uHESifh a½ToZif}}[k qdkxdkufatmif *kPf&nftqifh avmifyef;yGifh[k oG,f0dkuf a&;zJGUxm;ojzifh ................../
Bu;D us,f crf;em;vSaMumif; odomxif½mS ;aeygawmhownf;/ /
24/ a0,Heef;jrifh (0uF0w k t då vuFm)
]....}uAsmwGif crf;em;wifw h ,fpmG yGiv hf ef;avh½adS om
bkef;ESifh uHESifh a½ToZifrS tvuFmtzJGU avhvmcsuf oZifyef;\*kP&f nfukd az:usL;&mü pmqdu k oH;k xm;ygonf/
17/ udE&é u D onfEh , S f (OyrmtvuFm) ]od M um;pH & mbH k e wf e ef ; } [k wd k u f ½ d k u f r zJ G U q d k b J
]bk e f ; ES i h f uH E S i h f a ½T o Zif } uAsmwG i f pmqd k u ]a0,Heef;jrifh} [koG,f0dkufa&;zJGUxm;ojzifh .................../
opfcyG ef;av;rsm;\ toGiu f kd zGEYJ UJG wifpm;&mwGif oH;k xm;ygonf/ 25/ jrwfyefawmfyef; (0uF0w k t då vuFm)
trlt&m ESpfoufzG,fvSyyHk *kPf&nfcsif;wlonfh ].....}uAsmwGif oZifyef;onf jrifjh rwfol rif;rdz&k m;wdYk
opfcGyef;av;rsm; avtodrf;wGif ,drf;EGJUvSKyf½Sm;aewwfyHk ta&;w,l yefqifonfh awmf0ifyef;jzpfyu kH kd pmqdu k azmfusL;&mü
(tEdiI ;f cH)udk udE&é aD v;rsm; ,dr;f ,dr;f EGEJY UGJ uonf[ h ef (tEdiI ;f )ESihf oH;k xm;ygonf/
cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;aomaMumifh OyrmtvuFmajrmufygonf/ ]jrifhjrwfaom rif;rdzk&m;wdkYom yefqifxdkufonfh
18/ yef;ysyH ifqifh (0uF0w k tdå vuFm) awmf0ifeef;oH;k yef;}[k wdu k ½f u kd rf a&;bJ ]jrwfyefawmfyef;}[k
]....}uAsmwGif oZifyef;ESihf opfct G EG,0f if yef;av;wdYk oG,0f u kd f zJUG qx kd m;ojzifh 0uF0w k t då vuFm ajrmufygonf/
wihw f ,fyiG v hf ef;yHuk kd az:usL;&mü pmqdu k oH;k xm;ygonf/ 26/ ESi;f aomuf (0uF0w k t då vuFm)
]opfyifjrifhBuD;rsm;tay:ü ae&m,l aygufa&mufum ]....}uAsmwG i f opf c G y ef ; av;rsm;
vef;vef;pGiphf iG hf zl;yGio hf nf}[k wdu k ½f u kd f rqdb
k J ]yef;ysyH ifqif}h [k yG i f h v ef ; avh ½ S d o nf h tcg&moD u d k az:ñT e f ; &mü pmqd k u
oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm;ojzifh 0uF0w k t då vuFm ajrmufygonf/ oH;k xm;ygonf/
19/ yifqihyf ef;ysH (0uF0w k t då vuFm) ]aqmif;at;jr ESi;f &nf ESi;f ayguw f Ukd ukd cH,o l nf}[k
]....}uAsmwG i f *rk e f ; tif t EG , f opf c G y ef ; pH k w d k Y \ wdkuf½dkufrzJGUbJ ]ESif;aomuf}[k oG,f0dkufa&;zJGUxm; ojzifh
aygufa&mufyGihfvef;yHk obm0udk az:usL;&mwGif pmqdk u 0uF0w k t då vuFmajrmufygonf/
oH;k xm;ygonf/
7/ waygif;ñSmusif (OD;,m\q,fhESpf&moDtJcsif;rsm;rS..)
waygif;i,frS nSmusif... aEGOD;qef;opf? ½Gufa&mfvSpfvdkY yk&pfu,fa½TO? yifwdkif;pkMuonf? Ekñdkpifi,fwJhav/ qef;opf om,m a&mf½Guf
0ef;usif i,frS ywfukH;.... wGefxl;bmom? iSufwdkYrSmvnf;? pkum½Hk;vdkY?Ncdrfhtkef;i,fusL;oD tr oHanmif;? okdufeef;i,fatmif;vdkY?
omaygif;i,fcsDonf? o&zDa½Tcdkifu vSdIif½Smavaum/ awmobm0 aus;iSuf
nSmaMumi,frS zl;opf......omaygif;i,f½Sifonf? &*HkwpfcGif rif;vGifvSpfvdkY? rl;jrpfu,f urf;,H? ig;axG ig;jrif; ig;ylwif;wdkY? aomif&if;i,f qefonf
ig;wefi,f 0JcdkvdkY ydkufajcwdkqif;/ jrpfjyif ig;jrif; aomif&if;wuf
aysmfcif;i,frS omvS...... onfcsdefusvQif? awm0*Edkif pHkomNrdKifrSm ? rcdkif½Gufanmif; a<uusajymif;vdkY axmif;axmif;i,fvQHaiGU? avmif"avhESifh? vGrf;íi,fwap tvdk
ao&csnfh? pdwfajzvdkY r&Edkif? b,fhES,hfvl cdkifyghr,f? ,k*efydkif ½SifoMum;wdkY rmefxm;&if;av/ aysmfcif; odrif; rmefwif;vsuf/
uAsmteuf
vwaygi;f onf ½Guaf [mif;wdaYk Muu G m ½GuEf w k aYkd 0onfv h / aEGO;D cg/ ½GuEf o k pfuav;rsm;? yk&pfz;l uav;rsm;u &moDobm0udk
qef;atmif opfatmif ½Sio f efvef;qef;atmifjyKvsu½f /dS Ekaom? Oaom? pdr;f ñdak om pifMu,faom yk&pfz;l uav;rsm; tpD tpD
ay:xu G vf m/ a½TOuav;rsm;yif/
obm0 0ef;usiw f pfcv k ;kH aus;iSut f aygi;f wdYk jrL;aysmaf e/ wGeu f musL;umjzifh atmfo?H ac:o?H jrnfoaH ygi;f ½H;k Ncrd Nhf crd t
hf ek ;f tke;f
jzpfvsu/f om,mNird ahf nmif;onfh wGeu f sL;oHav;rsm; iSurf av;wdYk cdak tmif;&m odu k ef ef;wGi;f rSvnf;xGuaf y:ae/ om,mrItaygi;f
canmif;vSawmhonf[k cHpm;rdpOf o&zDyef;a½T0g &eHw Y Ydk arT;ysUH BuKd iv
f KS id v f mjyefonf/
½Gut f kd ½Guaf [mif;wdYk pGecYf &hJ m tñSmtaMumae&mrSmyif zl;opfxu G af y: vmonfh yk&pfz;l uav;rsm;? ½GuEf o k pfuav;rsm;u
awmawmifobm0&moDtvSukd MunfE;l zG,f ½Sad p/ rif;vGijf rLaiGUwu Ykd a0humqdik ;f um odik ;f zJUG ae/ rl;jrpfurf;,HwpfavQmufwiG f
ig;axG? ig;jrif;? ig;ylwif;wdu Yk vl;vmjrL;aysmu f m aomif;&if;odYk qefwufvmae/ ig;wefig;wdu Yk a&pD;aMumif;wGif 0Jckd ul;cwfvsu/f
udwk iH gwuYkd vnf; ajcwdyk u kd u f kd cif;um jrpfurf;wpfaMumrSm 0rf;pm½SmaeMu/ (ig;wdrYk mS vnf; ydu k t
f ajcodYk oufqif;rdMu/)
aysmfarGUzG,f&m obm0&moDtcif;tusif;wdkYaMumifh MunfEl; vGrf;qGwfzG,f½Sd/ þodkY om,mMunfEl;&csdef0,f
awmNrdKifxJwGifvnf; ½Gufa[mif;wdkY wjzKwfjzKwfa<uus oufqif;/ ½GufajcmufwdkYaMumifh awmrD;vsHrsm;jzpf/ tcdk;taiGU
axmif;axmif;xatmif avmifuRrf;/ þ"avh? þtcif;? þjrifuGif;/ vGrf;olY&if ajzrqnfEdkif/ tb,folrQ pdwfrcdkif/
ewfoMd um;wdo Yk nfyifvQif vGr;f pdwu f kd tm;rmefwif; ajzazsmuf z,f½mS ;ae&aom vwaygi;f ½Guaf [mif;a<ucsed cf g jzpfygawmh ownf;/
tJcsif;
tJcsi;f qdw
k m oDcsi;f wpfrsK;d / ]]tJ...[lonfum; trsm;pkaygi;f pka0;&yfaeonfukd ,lonf/ xdo k Ykd pka0;&yfaeí qdrk ed aYf omt&m
jzpfívnf; ]tJ}[k ac:a0:aMumif;? xdt k rnf wGiNf y;D jzpfí wpfa,mufcsi;f qdrk ed aYf omfvnf; wGiaf [mif;twdik ;f om ]tJ}[k ac:oifah Mumif;
}} jrefrmtbd"meftusO;f csKyrf mS azmfjyxm;/
ewfot H ?J q,fEh pS &f moDt?J oH;k axmift h ?J ½Spq
f ,fay:t?J vytJ? AHtk J ponfjzifh zJUG qo
kd nft
h aMumif;t&m? ay:xeG ;f &mumv?
a'oudk vduk íf trsKd ;rsKd ;ac:Muonf/
OD;,m
jrefrmESpf 1110 cef?Y c&pfEpS f 1748 cefY zGm;/ pOfu
Y ;l rif;ESihf bd;k awmfb&k m; vufxuf tJcsi;f rsm;a&;ojzifh tJarmif,m[k
xif½mS ;/ pOfu
Y rl if; rdz&k m;? rtloBl u;D orD;\ tBu;D awmftjzpf xrf;½Gucf /hJ bJUG rmS aersK;d rif;vSausmo
f /l xdaYk emuf bd;k awmfrif;w&m;h
om;awmf tdraf ½SrY if;xH cpm;/
uGr;f a&awmfuikd f armif,m[kwiG /f bd;k awmfb&k m;u rkwårNrdLU0eftjzpf csD;ajrSmuf/ 1147 wGif tedpöa&muf/
waygif;OD;,m tJcsif;yg? q,fhESpf&moD xkwfEkwfwm?

aMumif;&ma'o ac:tJMu vytJ aumufpdkuf AHk½SnfAs/
rif;vS? NrdKU0ef? rkwår? bdk;awmfbk&m;u rrr/

ar;cGef;wdk
(1) 12 &moDzUGJ nnf;csif;a&;ol pmqdw k pfO;D um; rnfoel nf;/ aEGOD;qef;opf? ½Gufa&mfvSpfvdkY......}
(2) waygi;f ñSmusiu f kd rnfonfrS xkwEf w k o f enf;/ [k qdo k nf/
(3) ]rcdik f ½Guaf nmif;} [lonf rnfonft h euf aqmifoenf;/ Ekaom? Oaom? pdrf;ñdkaom? pifMu,faom yk&pfzl;
(4) oHkaxmifhftJ^vytJ^½Spfq,fay:tJÂHktJ[k tb,faMumifh uav;wdYk csppf zG,v f yS yHuk v kd nf; -
ac:oenf;/
(5) OD;,mudk rkwrå NrKUd 0eftjzpf rnfonfrh if;u cs;D ajrmS ufoenf;/ ] yk&pfu,f a½TO? yifwdkif;pkMuonf
(6) tBu;D awmftjzpf xrf;½Gupf Of OD;,m\bJGUrnfudk azmfjyyg/ Ekñpkd ifi,fwahJ v........}
(7) ay:xeG ;f &m a'otvdu k f ac:onfh tJcsi;f trnfwpfcuk kd ajzyg/ [k jrifomxifom jzpfatmif tEkpw d rf eI ;f onf/
(8) ay:xeG ;f &m umvtvdu k af c:onfh tJcsi;f trnfwpfck azmfjyyg/ xdjYk yif vwaygi;f 0,f aus;iSuw f Ykd jrL;aysmyf ?kH iSuaf zmf
(9) OD;,mzJUG onfh ysKUd wpfapmifum; tb,fenf;/ tcsi;f csi;f ac:o?H xl;oH? wGeo f ?H jrL;oH ay;aeMuyH?k iSurf av;wdu Yk
avhusizhf , G Ef iS hf ar;cGe;f ½Snf O0yf&mrS om,mwGeu f sL;yHk ponfh awmawmifobm0? bmom
(u)]waygi;f ñSmusi}f acgi;f pOfrmS rnfo h nft
h eufaqmifoenf;/ bm0 "avh tvSuv kd nf;-
( c )]Ekñpkd if}[laom pum; MoZ*kPf ajrmufyu kH kd avhvmwifjyyg/ ] 0ef;usiif ,frS ywfukH;
(*) tvuFmajrmuftzJUG wu Ykd kd avhvmwifjyyg/ wGex f ;l bmom? iSuw f rYkd mS vnf; pkum½H;k vdYk
ar;cGe;f ½Sn^f ar;cGe;f a[mif; avhvmyg/ avhusifhyg/ Ncrd thf ek ;f i,fusL;oD
troHanmif; odu k ef ef;i,fatmif;vd.Yk ....}
1/ waygi;f v jrifuiG ;f udk ay:viG af tmif o½kyaf zmfa&;om;yg/^ [k zJGUqdkonf/ MunfEk;zG,f aEGOD;pmyef;csD jzpfvmygawmhonf/
...wG i f awG U &aom obm0ywf 0 ef ; usif t vS u d k
ay:vGiaf tmif wifjyyg/ ^..rS aEGO;D umv\ obm0tvSukd om,mrItaygif; canmif;onfh vwaygif;jrifuGif;
pmyef;csjD c,fyg/ o½kyw f iG f a½Tyef;cdik f o&zD&eHoif;ysUH aewwfojzif-h
2/ waygif ; v\ obm0ywf 0 ef ; usif t vS u d k rnf o d k Y ] o&zD a½Tcikd u f vSKid ½f mS avaum }
a&;zJGUxm;oenf;/ ^...wGif&nf½G,fcsuf ay:vGifatmif rnfodkY [k zJUG jyefonf/ uAsm½Iol ud, k w f ikd f BuKH UawGU cHpm;ae&onft h vm;
a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/ ^waygi;f nSmusiw f iG f waygi;f vom,myHu
k kd touf0ifvmawmhonf/
rnfoYkd o½kyaf zmfxm;oenf;/ ÔD;,m\ waygi;f v pmyef;csu D kd
avhvmwifjyyg/ xdjYk yif &*Hw k pfciG f jrpfjyifaomifurf;0,f vwaygi;f tcgü
rnfoYkd MunfE;l zG,f jzpfaeonfuv kd nf;-
&nf½, G cf suEf iS hf a&;zJUG ykH (pmqd\ k waygi;f vpmyef;cs)D ] ñSmaMumi,frS zl;opf? omaygi;f i,f½iS o f nf
]wygif;ñSmusif}onf ukef;abmifacwf tJcsif;pmqdk &*Hw k pfciG f rif;vGiv f pS v f Ykd rl;jrpfu,furf;,H
aersKd;rif;vSausmfolbJGUcH rkwårNrKdU0ef OD;,m\ q,fhESpf&moD ig;axG ig;jrif; ig;ylwif;wdYk aomif&if;i,fqefonf
tJcsi;f rsm;rS xkwEf w k cf sujf zpfonf/ vwaygi;f cgwiG f om,m ig;wefi,f 0JcdkvdkY ydkufajcwdkqif;/ }
MunfEl;zG,f tvSwdkY jzpfay:aewwfyHkudk ½Ijrif cHpm; ESpfouf [lí azmfusL;onf/
apvdo k nfh apwem&nf½, G cf sujf zifh pmqduk pmyef;csjD c,f azmfusL; þodaYk om vwaygi;f rSm aysmaf rGUz, G &f m obm0&moD
a&;zJUG xm;ygonf/ tcif;tusif;wdkYaMumifh vGrf;qGwfzG,fom jzpfonf/ þodkY
vwaygi;f cg&moDwiG f xl;uJonfh obm0rSm qef;opf om,mMunfEl;&csdef0,f awmNrdKifxJwGifvnf; ½Gufa[mif;wdkY
om,mrIyif jzpfonf/ aqmif;tukef aEGtul;? aEGO;D ½Icif; yef;csu D kd wjzKwjf zKwaf <uus oufqif;aewwfonf/ ½Guaf jcmufwaYkd Mumifh
pmqdku OD;pGma&;jc,fjyonf/ ½Gufa[mif;wdkY a<uum ½GufEkwdkY awmrD ; vsH r sm;jzpf u m tcd k ; taiG U axmif ; axmif ; xatmif
a0aeyHk? ½GufEkopfuav;rsm;? yk&pfzl;uav;rsm;jzifh &moDo avmifuRrf;onfudk jrifvQif rnfolrQ pdwfrcdkif ,drf;,dkifcHpm;
bm0udk qef;atmif opfatmif ½Sio f ef vef;qef;atmif jyKvsuf &acsrnf/ ponfjzifh pmqdkOD;,mu ñTef;qdkvsuf uavmif
wifw
h ,faeyHw k u Ykd kd - pkwcf suf wifjyefyrkH mS -
] waygi;f i,frmS ñSmusif ] aysmcf if;i,frS omvS...... onfcsed u f svQif
awm0*Edik f pHo k mNrKd irf mS ? rcdik ½f u
G af nmif; onf/ aus;iSupf w kH Ykd jrL;aysmaf eonf/ wGeu
P65
f m? usL;um? atmfo?H
a<uusajymif;vdYk axmif;axmif;i,fvQaH iGU ac:oH? jrnfoHwdkYrSm NcdrfhNcdrfhtkef;tkef; ½Sdaeacsonf/ om,m
avmif"avhEiS ?hf vGr;f íi,fwap tvdk ao&csnhf Nidrfhanmif;vSonfh wGefusL;oHwdkY iSufrav;wdkY ckd0ifatmif;&m
pdwaf jzvdYk r&Edik ?f b,fEh , S v
fh l cdik yf grh ,f odkufeef;wGif;rS xGufay:aejyefonf/ om,mrI taygif;
,k*efyikd f ½Sio
f Mum;wdYk rmefxm;&if;av/ } canmif;aeygawmhonf/
[lí jzpfygawmhonf/ þv&moDtcgwGif yGifhvef;onfh a½Gyef;cdkif o&zD
þtJcsi;f wGif ]ñSmusi}f ]yk&pfu,f a½TO}]Ekñpkd ifi,f} &eH Y w d k Y u vnf ; Bud K if v S K d i f o if ; ysH U a eay&m]o&zD a ½T c d k i f u
]omaygif ; i,f c sD } ]o&zD a ½T c d k i f } rcd k i f ½ G u f a nmif ; }[l o nf h vSKid ½f mS avaum} [k qdw k rf;&avmufayonf/
tzJ G U a v;rsm;onf vS y aom uavmif p k w f c suf r sm;tjzpf waygif ; vcgwG i f &*H k w pf c G i f jrpf j yif a omif u rf ;
yHyh ;kd vsu½f o
dS nf/ ]...vSKid ½f mS avaum}]tvdk ao&csn}hf ]b,fEh , S v f l tvSuv kd nf; jrifEidk jf yefonf/ ½Gut f kd ½Guaf [mif;wd\Yk tñSm
cdkifyghr,f} ponfh jrnfwrf;pum;wdkYuvnf; pmqdk\ &ifwGif; taMumrsm; ae&mwG i f zl ; opf xG u f a y:vmonf h yk & pf z l ;
cHpm;rIukd ay:viG af pjyefonf/ uav;rsm;udk ½Ipm;MunfEl;Edkifonf/ rif;vGif jrLaiGUwdkYu a0hum?
OD;,monf olwifjyvdkonfh waygif;v om,m qdkif;um? odik ;f zJUG aeonf/
MunfE;l zG,f tvSwYkd xif½mS ;ay:viG af tmif þodv Yk Qif pmyef;csjD c,f urf;ajcwpfavQmufwiG f ig;axG? ig;jrif;? ig;ylwif;wdYk
azmfusL;a&;zJUG wifqufxm;ygownf;/ / vl ; vmjrL;aysmf u m aomif & if ; od k Y qef w uf v mwwf o nf /
a&pD;aMumif;wGif 0Jcdkul;cwfvsuf½Sdonfh ig;wefig;wdkYudkvnf;
waygif ; nS m usif uAsmt& waygif ; v\ obm0tvS u d k jrif&wwfonf/ udkwHigwdkYu ajcwdkydkufudk cif;um jrpfurf;
pmyef;csjD c,fyg/ (taMumif;t&m tav;ay;) wpfaMumrSm 0rf;pm ½SmaeMuonf/
vwaygi;f \ omarmzG,t f vS uAsmtqH;k yd'k w f iG f -
vwaygi;f \ obm0tvSukd OD;,m\ q,fEh pS &f moD ] aysmcf if;i,frS omvS? onfcsed u f svQif
tJ c sif ; rsm;rS xk w f E k w f o nf h ]waygif ; ñS m usif t J c sif ; }wG i f awm0*Edik f pHo k mNrKd irf mS ? rcdik ½f u
G af nmif;?
om,mMunfE;l zG,f awGUEikd o f nf/ a<uusajymif;vd.Yk ..}
tJcsi;f \ tpwGif - [k qdk&oñfh vGrf;aqG;zG,f tcif;tusif;udk awGUEdkifjyefonf/
] waygi;f i,frS ñSmusif awmawmifNrKd ix f w J iG f ½Guaf [mif;½Guaf &mfwYkd wjzKwjf zKwaf <uus
aEGO;D qef;opf? ½Guaf &mfvpS v f .Ykd ..} oufqif;aeonf/ ½Guaf jcmufwrYkd mS awmrD;vQrH sm; jzpfay:vQif
[k qdkum vwaygif;\ qef;opfom,monfh aEGOD;o½kyfudk tcd;k taiGU waxmif;axmif;ESihf avmifuRr;f aeMuonf/ þ"avh?
jrif&onf/ þtcif;? þjrifuiG ;f wdrYk mS vGr;f aqG;zG,f cHpm;rIukd vSKH aqmfwwf
avonf/ xdkYaMumifh -
vwaygif;onf ½Gufa[mif;wdkY a<uum ½GufEkwdkY ] tvkd ao&csnhf }
a0onfhv jzpfonf/ aEGOD;tcg jzpfonf/ ½GufEkopfuav;rsm;? [kyif xkwaf zmf nnf;wGm;rdonf/ rnforl Q pdwrf cdik af wmhacs/
yk&pfz;l uav;rsm;jzifh &moD obm0udk qef;atmif? opfatmif? ½Siof Md um;rif;yifvQif ,dr;f ,dik v f KS y½f mS ; vGr;f tm;rydrk &d ef rmefwif;
½Sio
f ef vef;qef;atmif jyKaeonft h vm; ½Sad yawmhonf/ xm;& acsawmhonf/
uAsmwGif qufvufí - ]waygin f mS usi}f wGif vwaygi;f \ om,myHk obm0
] 0ef;usiif ,frS ywfu;kH tvSwu Ykd kd þodv Yk Qif MunfE;l vGr;f armzG,f jrifawGUEikd yf gownf;/
wGex f ;l bmom iSuw f rYkd mS vnf; pkum½H;k vdYk
Ncrd thf ek ;f i,f usL;oD? troHanmif;
odu k ef ef;i,f atmif;vdYk omaygi;f i,f cso D nf }
[k azmfusL;xm;&m bmombm0 ywf0ef;usit f vSukd awGUEikd jf yef
waygif;ñSmusifrS avhvmzG,f tvuFm
27/ yk&pfu,fa½TO (½lyutvuFm) odp&m
]wygif;ñSmusif}uAsmwGif vwaygif;cg0,f opfyifyef;ref oiffcef;pmudk b,fvdkjyefvSefavhvmrvJ
wdkYü yk½pfzl;av;rsm; xGufjyLum vSywifhw,fyHkudk pmqdku az:usL; 1/ uAsmrdwqf ufyg tcsufawGukd wpfrwS wf eftwGuof mru ar;cGe;f ½Snf
a&;zJUG &mwGif oH;k xm;ygonf/ tajztwGuyf g odrwS zf ,G &f m okwrsm; tjzpff avhvmoGm;zdYk *½kjyKyg/ ('H;k csi;f ?
yHkoP²mefvHk;0ef;um tqif;0if;0if;0g0gjzihf ESpfoufzG,f [efcsif;? tdik cf sif;? tJcsif;? nnf;csif;? umcsif;..okwrsm;/)
&m½SdyHk *kPf&nfcsif;wlaom yk&pfzl;(tEdIif;cH)ESihf a½TO(tEdIif;)wdkUudk 2/ uAsmyk'f&if;pm;om;rsm;udkusufxm;&ygw,f/ usufxm;NyD;om;awG
xyfwljyKzJGUqdkxm;ojzifh ½lyutvuFm ajrmufygonf/ jyefppfyg/ b,favmufytJ vGw&f ygap? csa&;?wdkufppf/ pmvHk;aygif;
28/ o&zDa½Tcdkif (½lyutvuFm)
rSm;wwfwm½S&d if *½kjyKNyD; trSeuf kd tom;uswJhxd txyfxyfa&;om; avhusifhyg/
].........}uAsmwGif waygi;f v\ &moDyef;jzpfaom yef;o&zDwYkd 3/ tcsuftvuf teuft"dymÜ ,fawGukd ydik zf Ykd twGuf uAsmyg
awmjrdKiftwGif; om,mMunfEl;zG,f yGifhvef;aeyHkudk azmfusL;zJGUqdk&mü pum;vHk; wpfckcsif;&JUqdkvdk&if;eJY uAsmqufpyfrIt& teufoufa&mufoGm;yHkawG?
oH;k xm;ygonf/ pmqdku ajymcsifwJh apwem? teufbmomjyefay;xm;wmawGudkvnf;
0if;0if;0g0gjzifh ESpo f ufz, G t f qif;½Syd Hk *kPf&nfcsif;wlonfh tao;pdwf jyefMunfh&ygr,f/
o&zDtyGit hf cdik (f tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf a½TyiG ahf ½Tcikd (f tEdiI ;f )wku
Yd kd xyfwjl yKzUGJqo
kd jzifh tJ'gawGukd aocsma&&m&if ar;cGe;f ½Sntf wGuf tajccHay;rSwf
½lyutvuFm ajrmufygonf/ oHk;rSwfavmufudk arQmfvifhvdkY&ygNyD/
29/ odkufeef; (½lyutvuFm) ar;cGef;½SnftajzawGudk b,fvdk avhvmjyifqif&rvJ
]........} uAsmwGif waygif;vtcg iSufaus;om&umwdkY 1/ pmqdk½Iaxmifhu ajzxm;wmawGudk OD;pm;ay;usufrSwfxm;yg/
jrL;aysmu
f m MunfE;l zG,½f ydS u kH kd azmfñeT ;f pyfq&kd mü oH;k xm;ygonf/ 2/ ar;cGe;f a[mif;awGukd qufavhvmyg/ ud,k af jz&if &Ekid f r&Edik f
arGUavsmw f ihw f ,faom cdak tmif;aexdik zf , G &f m *kP&f nfcsi;f qef;ppfyg/ r&Edik &f if oifhq&mxH enf;emcH jznfhqnf;ygOD;/
wlonfh toku d (f tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf eef;awmf(tEdiI ;f )wdu Yk kd tEdiI ;f xyfwjl yKxm; bmudkajzrvJ b,fvdkajzrvJ
ojzifh ½lyutvuFmajrmufygonf/
wpf/ bmudk ajz&rSmvJ
30/ jcrd t
hf ek ;f i,fusL;oD (jrnfopH t JG vuFm) aqG;aEG;avhvm ajzqdkwifjyay;&r,fh taMumif;tcsufawGudk
].......}uAsmwGif waygif;v&moDtcg awmawmif 0ef;usif ar;cGe;f &JU a½SYyikd ;f rSm awmif;qdk azmfjyavh ½Syd gw,f/ tJ'gudk jrifwwfzYkd
0,f iSufaus;pHkwdkU om,mjrL;aysmfyHkudk azmfusL;zJGUqdk&mü ..../ vdyk gw,f/ atmufrmS erlem avhvmyg/
aus;iSut f aygi;f wdUk jrL;aysmw
f eG u
f sL;&mu xGuaf y: vmonf - ]waygif waygif ; nS m usi usif uAsmt& waygif ; v
hjrnfoH ]Ncdrfhtkef;}udk xnfhoGif;a&;zJGUxm;aomaMumifh jrnfoHpJG om,myHu k kd ay:viG af tmif o½kyfazmfa&;om;yg/
tvuFmajrmufygonf/ ]jjrifpdkif;a½Tjynnf}wGif jrifpikd ;f om;wd\Yk Zmwdrmefukd
31/ ,k*efydkif (0uF0kwådtvuFm) ay:viG t f mif rnfoYkd rnfoaYkd &;zJUG xm;oenf;/
].....}uAsmwGif waygif;v&moDtcg0,f MunfEl;vGrf; rsOf;om;jyxm;wJh taMumif;tcsufawGudk ajzcdkif;xm;aMumif;
qGwfzG,f&m awGUBuHKcHpm;Mu&yHkudk az:usL;a&;zGJY&mü oHk;xm;ygonf/ awGU&ygr,f/ ud,k uf sufxm;wJh taMumif;u jrifpikd ;f Edik if aH wmf BuHhcdik of m,myHk
od M umrif ; [k wk d u f ½ d k u f r&nf n T e f ; bJ ],k * ef y d k i f ck erlemar;cGef;rSmawmh jrifpdkif;om;wdkY&JUZmwdrmefudk ar;xm;w,f/
(,k*E¨Kd&fawmifudk ydkifpdk;ol)}[k oG,f0dkuf zJGUqdkxm;ojzifh 0uF0kwåd udk,fusufxm;wJhtwdkif; BuhHcdkifom,myHk.. udk csa&;vdkufvQif ar;cGef;u
tvuFm ajrmufygonf/ awmif;qdwk meJY vGoJ mG ;ygNyD/ tJvkd vGoJ mG ;&if *kPxf ;l &cGihf qH;k ½I;H rSmyg/
'gu ar;wmudk ajzzdYk /
ESp/f b,fvkd ajz&rSmvJ
txufu erlemrSmawmh o½kyfazmfa&;om;yg vdYk ygwJhtwGuf
uAsmyg taMumif;tcsufawGudk udk;um;NyD; udk,hfta&;tom; udk,fhpum;eYJ
azmfusL;a&;om; ajzqdak y;&rSmvdYk od&rSmyg/ ay:vGiaf tmif qdwk hJ
txl;jyKcsuf ygwJhtwGuf uAsmpmom; tud;k tum;awGeYJ jrifomxifom
jzpfatmif ajzay;zdYk uvkd nf; *½kjyK&ygr,f/ /
8/ XmeDjynfBuD;u a0;oESifh (awmzGJUnnf;csif;ESifh av;csKd;ojzef)
(OD;MuifO\ ya'omoDcsif;rsm;)
aMomf....wpfudk,f aqG;zG,f..../ ajrmif cifwef;ESifh awmifurf;uG,f? vrf;b,f0,f½Sd/ e,f½SpfcGifvHk;? wdrfrifwkH;? rdk;vHk;tdodkY... tdkodwwfNyD/
NrdKifajctkyfu a½Tbkwfu,f tDonf? XmeDjynfBuD;uvnf; a0;oESifh/
iHkuif;i,f yef;ref? ½Guf&ifhavQmvdkY? ½GufaMumi,fvSefonf? awmifjyefavnif;uvnf; aoG;oESifh/
ol&uefpuf zef*,ufvnf; vnfcsufA[dk? ,k*efpGef;u xdrfuGef;i,fcdkonf csdefñdk aerif;uvnf; at;oESifh/
aemifhaqG;i,f Asm0Sef? vGefYxufvGefudk? wpfoGefulavSmuf? b,f ajzqDazsmufEdkifvdrfh/
awmarsmufu BudK;acG? pdrfhBuD;NrdKifacsmifu? a½Tzdk;acgifoHcsKdanmif;? a'gif;utdk;a0/
awmifwHjyuf ausmufpufus prf;a&? awGawGpdrfY Munfat;? tdk aemifhwnf;[mrdkY a½Tonf;rSm aMua<uG qlvSw,f eef;olaMumifhav;/ /
uAsm teuf
XmeDjynfBu;D ESiahf 0;&m awmawmift&yf c&D;pcef; wpfae&modYk a&mufae&olrmS wpfu, kd w
f nf; aqG;ydpk &m BuKH &ygonf/
[drk mS ajrmif? onfrmS cifwef;ESiahf wmwef;wdu Yk uG,u f m? ydwu f m qD;aeonf/ t&yf½pS rf suEf mS Munfah v&m&mü rJarSmif eufjymaom
wdrpf ikd w
f rd v f yd w f uYkd NyKd usrwwf tdqif;vmaeonf/ b,fqb D ,fvrf; rSe;f qr&atmif jzpfacsNy/D
xdpk OfrmS yif NrKd iaf jctkyt f yk q
f u
D bkwif u S t f o
D u H kd Mum;ae& onf/ teD;0ef;usiw f iG f ½Gu&f if½h u
G af [mif;wdYk
a<uvGio hf ufqif;aeonf/ av,l&mavQmwdu k yf g&mu [dv k iG o
hf nfysUH½aSd ejyefonf/ a<uvGiNhf y;D ½Guaf [mif;wdaYk e&mü ½GuEf o k pfuav;wdu Yk kd
jrif&onf/ taMumuav; rsm;vSefum tm;,l wdk;xGufvsuf½dSonf/ awmifjyefavnif;uvnf; wdk;a0SUwdkufcwfaejyef&m
qGwyf sUH vrG ;f aqG;zdYk zefaeonft h vm;yif/
tcsed u f m; naeqnf;qmodYk ul;Nyw D nf;/ aendKcsed ?f aetdck sed f aevH;k aysmufu, G cf sed jf zpfonf/ xdeyf ifaygu&f m taemufuRe;f qDoYkd
ikyfvQKd;uGef;cdkcsdefjzpf\/ tat;"gwfwdkY pdrfh0ifvmacsNyD/ e*dkrlvtaqG;"gwfcH½dSol cspfolarmifhtm; vGrf;apzdkY zefaeMuonf/
aqG;apzdu Yk al eMuonf/ ajzqnf&m ½Smr&Nyw D nf;/
xdt Yk jyif pdrBhf u;D NrKd iaf csmifqu D awmarsmufw\Ykd ]]BuKd ;acG? BuKd ;acG}] [k atmfjrnfox H u G af y:vmonf/ zd;k acgiif u S \f csKo
d m
Nird ahf nmif;aom atmfjrnfou H v kd nf; Mum;&onf/ ]td;k a0? td;k a0} [k a'gi;f iSuw f uYkd &ifu
h sL;onf/awmifusa& wHceG u f v kd nf; jrif&onf/
ausmufpufusprf;a& wdu Yk v kd nf; jrif&onf/ tvsOrf jywfp;D qif;aeonf/ at;jrMunfvif vSygb/d wpfu, kd af qG;ydo
k l cspof al rmifrmS
a½Teef;olav;udk vGr;f wpdwjf zifh tonf;a<ua<uvkrQ vdu I q f cl pH m;ae&ygownf;/ /
nnf;csif;qdkwm
cspof El iS ahf uGuiG ;f jcif;? rdrcd spjf rwfE;kd &m a'oESiahf 0;uGmjcif; paom vGr;f qGwwf rf;wzG,&f mrsm;udk a&;zGUJ xm;aom uAsmrsK;d /
av;csK;d ojzefqo kd nfrmS tcsK;d av;csK;d ygaom av;csK;d uAsm wpfrsK;d yif/ oDcsi;f Bu;D ? oDcsi;f cH ponfwu Ykd kd oDqNkd y;D aemuf
rlvtoHreS af &mufatmif toHukd jzefajz oDq&kd aom aMumifh oHjzef(0g)oHjyef [kac:aMumif;/ ( eab jyef*[yf pyfenf; wdjYk zifh
nnf;ñloyH gyg u½kPm&o ay:atmif a&;zJUG avh½/dS )
þnnf;csif;wGif awmtwGif; ywf0ef;usif obm0w&m;wdkY jzpfysufajymif;vJaeyHk? a½TjynfBuD;ESifha0;uGmNyD;
wpfu,kd w
f nf;jzpfí vGr;f aqG;&yH?k awmawmifobm0wdYk om,myHu k kd a&;zGUJ xm;/
XmeD MuifO? nnf;csif;pkwkef; ukef;ya'qif

OD;MuifO av;wGif oHjzef nnf;ñloH/ umvumvuPf
OD;wdk;? OD;,mwdkYaemuf tESpf (20)avmufaemufus/ jrefrmESpf 1135-1200 (c&pfESpf 1773-1838) twGif; ay:aygucf /hJ
qifaygi0f ½J mG (ajrxJNrKd Up&D ifp)k Zmwd/ bBu;D awmfb&k m;? a½Tbrkd if;? yk*rH if;wdYk vufxufü xif½mS ;cJ/ ( MuifO qifO ba½Tyk? ajrxJ pD&ifpk )
a½S;ua&;cJah om eef;wGi;f ZmwfawmfBu;D rsm;ESirhf wl? wpfrx l ;l jcm; onfh jyZmwfrsm;udk a&;cJah omaMumifh txl;xif½mS ;/
bk&m;a[mZmwfeyd gwaf wmf a0óEÅ&mjyZmwfEiS hf ra[mfjyZmwf/ ud, k yf ikd Of mPfjzifh a'0ukrmÇ Pf? ygy[de?f umvuPÖjD yZmwfrsm;
wDxiG f a&;zGUJ c/hJ ya'omoDcsi;f rsm;ü a'G;csK;d ? av;csK;d ? rkq;kd pum;? aZmf*spD um;? qdik ;f qifyh wfwu kd pf um; ponfwu Ykd kd a&;zGUJ xm;/
ar;cGe;f wdk [lí a&½Gwf nnf;ñlrad wmhonf/
(1) nnf;csi;f qdo k nfrmS tb,fenf;/ xdjYk yif awmawmif0ef;usif obm0 tajcrSm-
(2) ojzef qdo k nfrmS tb,fenf;/ ] iHu k if;i,f yef;ref
(3) 4if;onfjyZmwfrsm;udrk nfoaYkd &;zJUG ojzifx h if½mS ;vmoenf;/
(4) csed ñ
f akd erif;[lonf rnfonft h eufaqmifoenf;/ ½Gu&f ifah vQmvdYk ½Guaf Mumi,fveS o f nf
(5)4if; ud, k yf idk Of mPfjzifzh UGJ onfjh yZmwfwpfy'k u f m;tb,fenf;/ awmifjyefavnif;uvnf; aoG;oESi/hf }
(6) ya'omoDcsi;f rsm;wGif rnfoaYkd om Zmwfo;kH tzJUG wUkd ygoenf;/ [k pmzJGU&avmufatmif om,maeonf/ teD;0ef;usifwGif
(7) rnfonfrh if;rsm; vufxufwiG f xif½mS ;cJo h enf;/ ½Gu&f if½h u G af [mif;wdYk a<uvGio hf ufqif;aeonfukd jrifEikd o f nf/
(8) tb,faMumifh txl; xif½mS ;oenf;/ av,l&m avQmwdu k v f iG yhf sH ½daS ejyefonf/ a<uvGiNhf y;D ½Guaf [mif;wdYk
(9) bk&m;avmif;Zmwfeyd gwu f kd a&;zJUG onfh jyZmwfwpfy'k uf kd ajzyg/ ae&mü ½GuEf o k pfuav;wdu Yk kd awGU&jyefonf/ taMumuav;rsm;
ar;cGef;½Snf avhvmyg/ avhusifhyg/ ) vSeu f m tm;,l wd;k xGuaf e[ef½o Sd nf/ awmifjyefavnif;u
1/ ...wGif obm0ywf0ef;usif jrifuiG ;f ESihf pmqd\k cHpm;rIukd rnfoYkd wd k ; a0S U w d k u f c wf aejyef & m Zmwf a qmif ^ pmqd k \ &if u d k
a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/^ aejynfawmfEiS hf a0;uGmaeol\ cHpm;csuu f kd qGwyf sUH vrG ;f aqG;zdYk zefaeawmhonf/
rnfoYkd a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/^ pmqdo k nf awmawmifobm0 om,myHkESifh tvGrf; csdef&moD obm0rSmvnf; -
taqG; o½kyfudk rnfokdY a&;zJGUxm;oenf;/ ] ol&uefpuf zef*,ufvnf;
2/ ......rS awmawmifobm0 om,myHEk iS hf pmqd\ k cHpm;rIwu Ykd kd vnfcsuAf [dk ,k*efpeG ;f u xdru f eG ;f i,fco kd nf....}
ay:viG af tmif wifjyyg/ [k qdkxm;onf/ naeqnf;qmodkY ul;NyD jzpfonf/ ol&defae
3/ .....t& awmawmif a&ajr &moDobm0wdkYu wpfudk,faqG;zG,faumif;atmif zefwD;yHkudk rif;rSm xdeyf ifaygu&f m taemufuRe;f qDoYkd ikyv f QK;d uGe;f cdck sed jf zpf\/
ay:vGifatmif azmfjyyg/(ucsif) (atmufwiG f avhvmyg/) aendKcsdef? aetdkcsdef aevHk;aysmufuG,fcsdefjzpf&m &ifwGif;0,f
tat;"mwfwYkd pdr0hf ifcpH m; vm&ojzifh -
awmawmifobm0 om,myHkESifh pmqdk\ cHpm;rI (taMumif;t&m ½Iaxmif)h ]aemifah qG;i,f Asm0Sef
ukef;abmifacwf pmqdk Zmwfq&mBuD; OD;MuifO\ vGex Yf ufveG u f kd woGeu f al vSmuf
nnf ; csif ; uAsmwG i f awmawmif o bm0 om,myH k E S i f h b,fajzqDazsmufEikd v f rd /hf }
pmqd^k Zmwfaqmif\ cHpm;rIukd jrifawGUEikd yf gonf/ [k qdknnf;ae&jyefawmhonf/ e*dkrlv taqG;"gwfcH½dSolrSm
uAsm\ tpwGif - awmawmifobm0tajcwdaYk Mumifh ajzrqnfEikd af wmhay/
]aMomf...wpfu, kd f aqG;zG,f awmawmif a &ajr &moD O wk t ajctaewd k Y u
ajrmif cifwef;ESihf awmif urf; uG,f .....} Zmwfaqmif^ pmqdt k m; þodv Yk Qif tvGr;f ydak tmif zefaeMuonf/
[kqu kd m XmeDjynfBu;D ESihf a0;uGm&m awmawmift&yf c&D;pcef; xdt
Yk jyif pdrBhfu;D NrKd iaf csmifqu D awmarsmufw\Ykd ] BuKd ;acG? BuKd ;acG][k
wpfae&modkY a&mufaeol pmqdk\ wpfudk,fwnf; aqG;ydkp&m atmfjrnfoH xGuaf y:vmonf/ zd;k acgiif u S \f csKo d m Nird ahf nmif;aom
BuH K &yH k w d k Y u d k jrif & onf / [d k r S m ajrmif ? onf r S m cif w ef ; ES i f h atmf j rnf o H u d k v nf ; Mum;&onf / ]td k ; a0? td k ; a0} [k
awmwef;wdu Yk uG,u f m? ydwu f m qD;aeonf/ t&yf½pS rf suEf mS a'gi;f iSuw f u Ykd &ifu h sL;onf/
Munfhav&m&mü rJarSmif eufjymaom wdrfpdkifwdrfvdyfwdkYu
xdrk Q ruao;yg/ xdn k nf;csi;f ojzeftcsy'kd w f iG f -
NydKusrwwf tdqif;vmaeonf/ þodkY b,fqDb,fvrf;
]awmifwjH yuf
rSe;f qr&Edik o f nfh a&ajrobm0aMumifh pmqdrk mS wpfu, dk w
f nf;
ausmufpufus prf;a&? awGawGprd Yf Munfat;/
tm;i,f aeayawmhonf/
tdk aemifw h nf;[mrd?Yk a½Tonf;rSm aMua<uG qlvw S ,f
xdpk Of bkwif u S t f oD uH kd Mum;&jyefojzifh - eef;olaMumifah v;/ }
] NrKid af jctkyq
f uD [k qdx k m;jyef&m pmqd^k ZmwfaqmifrmS awmifus a&wHceG u f v kd nf;
a½Tbw k uf ,f tDonf jrif&ojzifhvnf; vGrf;&onf/ ausmufpufus prf;a&wdkYrSm
XmeDjynfBuD;uvnf; a0;oESifh ...} tvsOf r jywf pD ; qif ; aeonf / at;jrMunf v if vS y gbd /
wpfudk,fwnf; jzpfae&olrSm a½Teef;olav;udk vGrf;wpdwfjzifh taemufuRef;odkY uGef;cdkawmhrnfh aerif;BuD;tvSudk ½Ipm;um
P69
tonf; a<ua<uvkrQ vdu I q f cl pH m; ae&ygawmhonf/ ZmwfaqmifrmS ydík taqG;ydzk , G f cHpm;&onfukd -
]XmeDjynfBuD;u a0;oESifh}wGif awmawmif a&ajr ]]ol&uefpuf? zef*,ufvnf;? v,fcsuAf [k.d ..}}
(&moDobm0wdkYu wpfudk,faqG;zG,f aumif;atmif zefwD;yHkudk^ ) (obm0tajcwdkY ]]cs ed n
f Kad erif;uvnf; at;oESi/hf }}
om,myHkESifh (pmqdk)\ cHpm;rIa0'em pmemoem;zG,f ½SdyHwdkY udk) þodkYvQif ]]....wpfoeG u f al vSmuf? b,fajzqnf azsmufEikd v f rd }hf }
awGUjrifEikd yf gownf;/ / paom tzJUG wjYkd zifh azmfusL;jyefonf/
þuAsmwGif nnf;csif;tzJGU yDyD jyef*[yfpyfxHk;udk
oH;k xm;yHrk mS tajym[eftvm; ajyjypfacsmarGUonf/ nnf;ñl
awmawmifobm0 om,myHkESifh tvGrf; taqG; o½kyf (ta&;tzJGU ½Iaxmifht& tajz) oHav;rsm; ygatmif zJUG ojzifv h nf; u½kPmyGm;zG,f jzpf&onf/
uke;f abmifacwfpmqdk OD;MuifO\ ya'omoDcsi;f rsm;rS xd k Y t jyif pd r f h B uD ; NrK d i f a csmif q D u awmarsmuf w d k Y
xkwfEkwfcsuf jzpfonfh ]XmeDjynfBuD;u a0;oESifh} uAsmwGif atmfjrnfvu kd yf ?kH zd;k acgiif uS \f csKo d mNird ahf nmif;aom atmfjrnfou H ykd g
awmawmif obm0 om,myHkESifhtwl tvGrf;cHpm;rIo½kyfudk Mum;&yH?k Oa'gi;f iSuw f Ykd &ifu h sL;aeyH?k awmifcg;yef; wpfae&mwGif
azmfusL;xm;ygonf/ awmifus a&wHcGefudk jrif&yHk? Munfvif pdrfYat; aeonfh
þnnf;csi;f wGif XmeDjynfBu;D ESihf a0;&m awmawmif ausmufpufus prf;a&wdkYrSm woGifoGif pD;qif;aeyHk paom
t&yf c&D;pcef; wpfae&modkY a&mufae&ol ZmwfaqmifrSm awmobm0 jrifuiG ;f wdaYk Mumifh onf;a<urQ aqG;&jyef onfukd
wpfu, kd w f nf; aqG;ydpk &m BuKH ae&onf/ [drk mS ajrmif? onfrmS av;csKo d jzefjzifh -
cifwef;ESihf awmwef;wdu Yk uG,u f m? ydwu f m qD;aeonf/ rJarSmif ]].......pdrBhf u;D NrKd iaf csmifu? a½Tz;kd acgif oHcsKad nmif;
eufjymaom wdrpf ikd ?f wdrv f yd w f u Ykd NyKd usrwwf tdqif;vm&m a'gif;utdk;a0/
b,fqb D ,fvrf; rSe;f qr& atmif jzpfacsNy/D þodv Yk rG ;f aqG;zG,f awmifwjH yuf? ausmufpufusprf;a&
jzpfapaom awmobm0udk - awGawGprd Mhf unfat;/
]]aMomf..wpfu, kd af qG;zG,f td.k ... aemifw h nf;[mrdYk
ajrmifcifwef;ESihf awmifurf;uG,f vrf;b,f0,f½dS a½Tonf;rSm aMua<uqlvw S ,f? eef;olaMumifah v;/}}
e,f½pS cf iG v f ;kH ? wdrrf ifw;Hk ? rd;k vH;k tdoYkd [k tqH;k owf azmfusL;a&;zJUG xm;avonf/
tkd odwwfNy.D ......../}} OD;MuifOonf &moDajymif;csdef awmawmifobm0\
[k zJUG xm;onf/ wpfu, kd af qG;zG,f o½kyu f kd þodv Yk Qif a&;zJUG xm;ygownf;/ /
xdkpOfrSmyif NrdKifajctkyftkyfqDu bkwfiSuftDoHudk
Mum;ae&onf/ teD;0ef;usiw f iG f ½Gu&f if½h u G af [mif;wdYk a<uvGihf
oufqif;aeonf/ av,l&mavQmwdu k yf g&mu [dv k iG hf onfysUH ½aSd e XmeDjynfBuD;u a0;oESifhrS avhvmzG,f tvuFm
jyefonf/ oufa<uNy;D ½Guaf [mif;wdaYk e&mü ½GuEf o k pf uav;wdYk 32/ wdrfrifwHk; (½lyutvuFm)
udk jrif&onf/ taMumuav;rsm; vSeu f m tm;,lw;kd xGuv f suf ].......}uAsmwGif wdrx f w k Ykd tHqYk ikd ;f onfh awmtwGi;f Muiforl hJ
½do
S nf/ awmifjyef avnif;uvnf; wd;k a0SU wdu k cf wfaejyef&m a&muf½adS eol\ nnf;ñlpum;tjzpf oH;k xm; ygonf/
qGwyf sUH vrG ;f aqG;zdYk zefaeonft h vm; ½Syd u kH kd - rJeufarSmifcaJ om tqif;½Syd kH *kP&f nfwtjzpf lt jzpf rd;k wdrxf \k
]].. iHuk if;i,f yef;ref? ½Gu&f ifah vQmvd?Yk rJarSmifyHk(tEdIif;cH)ESifh rifwHk;rifcJ\ rJarSmifyHk (tEdIif;)wdkYudk xyfwljyK
½Guaf Mumi,fveS o f nf a&;zJGUxm;aomaMumifh ½lyutvuFmajrmufygonf/
awmifjyefavnif avnif;uvnf; aoG;oESi}hf } 33/ rdk;vHk;tdodkY (OyrmtvuFm)
[k a&;zJUG xm;onf/ ].......}uAsmwGif t&yf½SpfcGifvHk; wdrfxkwdkY tHkYqdkif;onfh
tcsed u f mvrSmvnf; wpfaeYwm\ naeapmif;tcsed ?f awmtwGif; MuifolrJh a&muf½Sdaeol\ nnf;ñlpum;tjzpf oHk;xm;
aeñdck sed ?f aetdck sed of Ykd wdik v f monf/ at;pdrahf om avnif;ESit hf wl ygonf/
edrfhtdtkyfrdk;vmyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf
t jzpf rdk;om;wdrfxkwdkY yk*aH cwfrS uke;f abmifacwfxd uAsmrsm;rS
edrq hf if;vmaeyH(k tEdiI ;f cH)udk rd;k aumifuifBu;D NyKd ted rd u
fh svmyH(k tEdiI ;f )ESihf 0guszJGUavhusifhcef;
cdik ;f EdiI ;f zGUJ qx
kd m;ojzifh OyrmtvuFmajrmufygonf/
1/ aemifw/ / trSm;udk jyefawG;um &aejcif;onf tusK;d r½Sad cs/
34/ a½Tbkwfu,ftDonf (jrnfoHpGJtvuFm)
]....}uAsmwG i f awmxJ 0 ,f bk w f i S u f a tmf j rnf o H 2/ uspfvspf/ / rdef;raumif; rSefvQif taetxdik f ayrnf /
vGr;f aqG;zG,f jzpfyu kH kd cHpm;rdo\
l qdn
k nf;oH tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ 3/ obif / / ynm*kPjf zifh yJ G v ,f wifyh gap/
jrdKifajctkyfqDu bkwfiSuf atmfjrnfoH ] tD }udk xnfhoGif;
zGYJUqdkxm;aomaMumifh jrnfoHpJGtvuFmajrmufygonf/ 4/ 0dZÆm odyÜ/ / vlom;jzpfvmvQif wdu
Yk kd oif,&l pNryJ if/
5/ xef;avQm/f / xef;awmwGif udkom BudK;tjzpf oHk;av\/
35/ a'gi;f utd;k a0 (jrnfopH t JG vuFm)
]....}uAsmwGif awmxJ0,fa'gif;iSufatmfjrnfoH vGrf;aqG; 6/ jrL / / aqmif;tukef aEGtul; qdik ;f csed rf mS xef;cl;Mu\/
zG,f jzpfapyHu k kd cHpm;rdo\ l qdn k nf;oH tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
7/ wHpdkY/ / rkqdk;onf ,kefom;udk jzif h xd;k um rD;zdük uif\/
pdrfhBuD;NrdKifacsmifu Oa'gif;wdkY\ atmfjrnfoH ]BudK;acG}udk
xnfhoGif; zGYJUqdkxm;aomaMumifh jrnfoHpJGtvuFmajrmufygonf/ 8/ &if;axmif^&if;qGJ / / xef;orm;onf yif0ufxd jzifh
wufNy;D xef;yifZuf a&mufatmif ud k oHk;avh½Sdonf/
36/ awmarsmufuBudK;acG (jrnfoHpJGtvuFm)
]....}uAsmwG i f awmxJ 0 ,f awmarsmuf a tmf j rnf o H 9/ aomif;ajymif;/ / oD ; pH k ½G u f p H k u d k a&mí csufauR;yg/
vGr;f aqG;zG,f jzpfyu kH kd cHpm;rdo\l qdn
k nf;oHtjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
10/ tkef;cHG / / jrif;aumif;vdkvQif udak ½G;yg/
pdrBhf u;D NrKd iaf csmifu awmarsmufw\Ykd atmfjrnfoH ]BuKd ;acG}
udk xnfhoGif; zGYJUqdkxm;aomaMumifh jrnfoHpJGtvuFm ajrmufygonf/ 11/ Oyg,f / / bk&ifah emifonf jzifh aemif½;kd wdu k yf GJ atmifc\hJ /
37/ xdrfuGef;i,fcdk( 0uF0kwådtvuFm ) 12/ axmif;axmif; / / rD;cdk;aiGUwdkY xum awmrD;
]...}uAsmwGif taemuft&yfodkY aerif ; BuD ; a½G U v sm; avmifaeav\/
oG m ;onfukd wifpm;azmfusL;onfh pum;tjzpfo;kH xm;ygonf/
13/ yk&pf / / ½Guaf <uyifwiG f ½Guo
f pfO;D av;rsm;xGuv
f m\/
]aerif ; onf taemuf t &yf o d k Y 0if o G m ;onf } [k
wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]xdrfuGef;i,fcdk}[k oG,f0dkuf zJGYqdkxm;aomaBumifh 14/ wap / / &moDpmtcsdKUudk ESpfaygufvHk; pm;oH;k Edik Nf y/D
0uF0kwådtvuFm ajrmufygonf/
15/ ydu
k w
f ef;/ / rkq;kd onf jzifh ,keaf xmifum [if;pm;½Sm\/
38/ ol&uefpuf( 0uF0kwdåtvuFm ) 16/ pyspf / / a½S;cgu pm;zG,fwdkYudk xJwiG f jyifavh½o
dS nf/
]...}uAsmwGif taemuft&yfodkY aerif ; BuD ; a½G U v sm;
oG m ;onfukd wifpm;azmfusL;onfh pum;tjzpfo;kH xm;ygonf/ (17) aoG;vefY/ / EkEkonf rdk;BudK;oHjzifh wwf o nf /
aevH k ; ae0ef ; [k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]ol&uefpuf}[k (18) urf;ukef / / bk&m;½Sifudkyif vkyfBuHonfh a'0'wf\
oG,f0dkufzJGUqdkxm;ojzifh 0uF0kwådtvuFm ajrmufygonf/
rdu
k rf jJ cif;rSm avonf/
(19) a'oem / / jrwfAk'¨ a[mMum;oñfh awmfwiG f
½kyef mrfw&m;udk avhvmyg/
(20)
(20)opfacguq f ;kd / / a½S;acwfouFe;f txnfrsm;rSm "gwaf q;qd;k
r[kwb f J rsm;om jzpfí obm0usvaS yonf/
(21) vSn;f pmacguf / / oeyfcg;acguf tpm; udk vdr;f Edik o
f nf/

9/ awmifolBuD; ('Hk;csif;) ('Hk;vTwfyGJwGifqdkonfhoDcsif;)
cuf&if;pG,pf ?kH pdeaf wmifBu;D ESihf ig;pD;qifah jymift h m;ayud/k ZrÁLpd;k & ewf½iS u hf Re?f wkvcYkd Rev
f Qif cE¨mpJr,f? &J &efneG NYf zKd /
ud;k ydómpD; "g;rBu;D &efr;D owå½k aiguv f QiNf yKd /
uke;f abmifa½Tbkd axmifueufu? ab;bd;k pOfquf ckwikd af tmif? a&;awmfra½Smif xrf;wJh a,mufsm;/
,mv,f vkyv f Ykd awmrSmaysm?f pD;yGm;xifay: ajymif;ESihf pyg;/
yJrsK;d tjym; bl;ocGm;? u,m;NrKUd r e,fwpfciG ?f 0gErS ;f pHv k if csOaf ygicf if;ESihf r<uif;c&rf; oD;rsK;d vQr;f /
ydu
k w f ef;pnf;0du
k f a½T,ek af xmifum? csK;d ESihf iH;k pmi,fuakd v? ykwwf arT;BuKd ipf mG ? pGev f ;kH xdex
f ed 0f g/ a&,Ofp;D wJh awmNrKd io
f mrSm?
ajymif;yJa&m&m qefwpf0ufESifh pyspfusif;vsuf jynfhtESuf? vlysKd csufwJh [if;vsmudk a&m&mpHk csKdvScsnfh
tysKid ,fa½Teu H m;atmif pm;ygvn S hf Ake;f aAm/ /
uAsm teuf
rmausmcRex f ufonfh {&mrcuf&if;pG,pf v kH ufeufukd udik pf JG xm;olrmS qifajymifig;pD;cGet f m;Bu;D onfh awmifoBl u;D jzpfonf/
ZrÁL'DyguRe;f udt k pd;k &ol t½Sirf if;jrwf\ vuf½;kH uRe&f if; jzpfonf/ wkNyKd iv f mol&efotl m;vH;k cE¨pJ u J maoyG0J if&atmif &J0phH mG acsreI ;f NzKd zsuf
ypfEikd o
f nf/
udk;ydómtav;csdefpD;onfh "g;rBuD;udkpGJudkifvsuf atmfaigufvdkuf½HkrQESifhyif &efolwyfrSm aMumufvefYNydKuGJoGm;&onf/
awmifoBl u;D onfum; trsK;d tEG,t f m;jzifh a½Tbu kd ek ;f abmif xD;eef; wnfaxmifpOfupí ab;? bd;k wdrYk mS trIxrf;aumif; rsK;d ½d;k aywnf;/
ta&;awmfay:ayguw f ikd ;f wm0efausyeG cf o hJ nfh a,mufsm;aumif;rsm; yifwnf;/ (*kP, f x
l u kd f ygayonf/)
Edik if v
hH NkH cKH a&;at;csr;f aumif;rGepf Of? ppfrufa&;&mwdYk Nird ;f at;pOfwiG f awmifoBl u;D rSm awmif,mvkyif ef;cGiüf aysmaf rGU aejyefonf/
awmt&yfü usiv f nfwwfjyefygonf/ pD;yGm;pdu k yf sK;d atmifjrifonfh v,f,mvkyo f m; aumif;Bu;D jzpf&m u,m;NrKd Ure,fwpfciG üf
xifay:vyS gonf/ ajymif;? pyg;? bl;? ocGg;? yJ? 0g? ESr;f ? csOaf ygicf if;? c&rf;cif;wdjYk zifh rsK;d pHak tmif jzpfxeG ;f atmifjrifol awmifoBl u;D aywnf;/
awmifolBuD;onf awmaysmfoljzpfonf/ trJ? om;ig;? [if;pm;&zdkY ,kefaxmifonf/ csKd;? iHk;? pmiSufuav;rsm;udk
zrf;onf/ ykwwf[if;? ykpeG v f ;kH [if;wdYk csuv f Qif arT;BuKd if aeavh½o Sd nf/ awmifoBl u;D aexdik &f m awmNrKd io f mü acsmif;a&,Ofu
woGio f iG pf ;D aeonf/ om,mat;csr;f vSonfh uGe;f cd&k m[k qd&k rnf/ wpfu, kd wf nf; vlysKBd u;D b0jzpf&m ajymif;yJa&m&m? qefa&m&mjzifh
csufaomxrif;0dkif;udk udk,fwdkifpDrH&onf/ vwfvwfqwfqwf tcif; xGufoD;ESHpHkESifh vufiif;zrf;onfh awmaumifom;wdkY
a&maESmcsuo f nfh [if;vsmpHw k rYkd mS ES;D a'gi;f vef;Bu;D wGif jynfah rmufaeawmhonf/ &ompHk aESmum tvGecf sKNd red rf nfh xrif;yGyJ ifwnf;/
xdaYk Mumifh vlysKBd u;D yDyD i,f½, G o f l tysKad v;rsm;udk &if;ES;D cifrifpmG zdwaf c:vu kd o f nf/ olY xrif;0dik ;f wGif vufq0kH ifEu JT m
w0Bu;D eHum;onfw h ikd f tm;yg;w& pm;vSnphf rf;ygO;D [lownf;/ /
'Hk;csif;qdkwm
opfwHk;? xef;wH;k ponfwu Ykd kd tacgi;f xGi;f ,rf;oGwíf peufwH wyfum rD;ypf½SdYvTwf w jf cif;udk 'H;k vTwo
f nf[k qdo
k nf/
ta0; ypfvw T v
f akd omtcg 'H;k udb k ;D wyfí vTw&f onf/ tjrifh vTwv f kd aomtcg jirf;qifí rd;k odYk ½G,u f mvTw&f onf/
'H;k vTwyf w JG iG f 'H;k csi;f rsm;udk oDqu kd ckeMf uonf/
uckeo f wl o Ykd nf vufo;D vufarmif; wef;vsuf ajc odik ;f uGuu f seif;í a½SUw;kd aemufqw k f jyKvyk f Mu&onf/
'H;k csi;f wGif rdrw d 'Ykd ;kH pD;½kyt
f aMumif;udk &,fNyKH ;zG,jf yKí? wpfzufom;udk csK;d ESrd íf pDu;kH pyfqMkd uonf/ pyfq&kd mü pum;vH;k
ajcmufvHk;? ckESpfvHk; ponf yg0ifaom pmydk'frsm;udk jrifhoHwpfvSnfh? edrfhoHwpfvSnfhjzifh ½Spfydk'f? udk;ydk'f pyfqdkonf/ 'Hk;yJGudk bk&m;yGJ?
½SifjyKyGJ? bkef;BuD;ysHyGJwdkYü usif;yavh½dSonf/
awmifoBl u;D ½ky'f ;kH csi;f udk tif;0NrKd U bBu;D awmfb&k m; vufxuf atmifajravmubk&m; waygi;f vyGaJ wmfwiG f oDq&kd ef
zd;k olawmfO;D rif;u a&;zGUJ onf/
zdk;olawmfOD;rif; (13) 'Hk;pD;½kyf[lonf tb,fenf;/
OD;,mu 1110/ OD;wdk;u 1113/ zdk;olawmfOD;rif;u (14) awmifoBl u;D a&;zJUG oEl iS t
hf rnfwpl mqdu k m; rnfoel nf;/
1160cefY (c&pfEpS f 1798cef)Y wGizf mG ;/ 1210cefY (c&pfEpS f 1848cef)Y (15) ]a&;awmfra½Smif xrf;wJah ,mufsm;}onf rnfoYkd qdv k o
kd enf;/
uG,v f eG /f OD;wd;k ? OD;,mwdYk uG,v f eG Nf y;D rS zGm;wmyg/ rdwv D¬ mNrKd UteD; (16) ]ewf½SifhuRef}onf rnfou Yl kd &nfñTef;oenf;/
a&a0½GmZmwd/
ar;cGe;f ½Snf (avhvmyg/ avhusiyhf g )
&wk? ojzef? av;csKd;? q,fhESpf&moDzGJUav;qpfrsm;?
aw;xyf? vGr;f csi;f ? 'H;k csi;f ponf uAsmtrsK;d rsK;d a&;zGUJ c/hJ
1/ &nf½, G cf suaf y:viG af tmif rnfoYkd a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/
]]'H;k csi;f t&mwGif igu
h rkd ,SOMf uESi/hf ig vlveG af yv[J}h } 2/ awmifoBl u;D \ pGr;f &nf b0tajctaeESihf pdw"f mwfukd
[k qdzk ;l ol/ bBu;D awmfrif;w&m;vufxufwiG f OD;rif;trnfcH rnfodkY awGU&oenf;/ ^..\ b0ESifh pdwfae pdwfxm;udk
pmqd k E S p f O d ; ay:ayguf c J h í zd k ; ol a wmf O D ; rif ; ? vl O D ; rif ; [k ay:viG af tmif rnfoYkd a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/ ^..\ udk,f? EIwf? ESvHk;
cGjJ cm;ac:Muonf/ trlt&mudk pmqdku rnfodkY a&;zxJGU m;oenf;/^ 'H;k csi;f \ oabmomb0rsm;
a½Tbrkd if;vufxufwiG f trwfBu;D OD;ay:O;D (1121- ay:viG af tmif rnfoYkd a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/
1200)? 0ufrpGwef 0a';wdEYk iS t hf wl OD;rif;ESpOf ;D pvH;k bke;f awmfbUJGrsm; 3/ okw&orsm;udk azmfxw k f wifjyyg/ awmifoBl u;D \ b0ESihf
,SONf yKd if zGUJ qckd o
hJ nf/ pdwf"mwfudk ay:vGifatmif a&;yg/ ^b0ESifh pdwf"mwf
awmifol 'Hk;csif;? ukef;OD;rif; tajctaeudk wifjyyg/ ^ &oESihf todtjrifukd azmfjyyg/
oDcsif; xDvm? a&a0½Gm 4/ awmifoBl u;D \ pGr;f &nf b0tajctaeESihf pdw"f mwfukd
atmifajravmu tif;0pm a½Tbdk ay:OD; 0ufrpGm rnfoYkd awGU&oenf;/ (rGef u&if weoFm)
5/ ,mv,fvkyfí awmrSmaysmfaom awmifolBuD;\b0udk pmyef;csDjc,fyg/
aqG;aEG;zG,f erlemar;cGef;ESifh tajz
1/ awmifoBl u;D \ ud,k ?f EIw?f ESv;kH trlt&mwdu
Yk akd vhvmwifjyyg/ ar; / awmifolBuD;uAsmwGif &nf½G,fcsufay:vGifatmif rnfodkY a&;zGJxU m;oenf;/
2/ þuAsmü 0D&&o? u½kPm&o? [ó&owdjYk zifh &opHzk UJG pnf; rnfonfh&orsm;cHpm;&oenf;/
xm;onf[k qdx k u
kd yf govm;/ t"duyef;wdik &f oudk azmfxw k f awmifolBuD;uAsm &nf½G,fcsufay:vGifatmifa&;zGJUyHkESifh&o
aqG;aEG;yg/ ]]awmif o l B uD ; }}wG i f pmqd k z d k ; ol a wmf O D ; rif ; onf
ar;cGe;f wdk awmifoBl u;D \ b0ESihf pdwaf ep½du k wf u
Ykd kd azmfxw k w f ifjyvdak om
(1) 'H;k vTwo f nf qdo k nfrmS tb,fenf;/ &nf½, G cf sujf zifh a&;zGUJ cJyh gonf/
(2) tjrifh vTwfvdkaomtcg rnfodkY jyK&oenf;/ xdk&nf½G,fcsufudkazmfxkwfwifjy&mwGif ppfrIxrf;
(3) 'H k ; qko d nfrmS rnfonfrS toHajymif;vmjcif; jzpfoenf;/ aumif; a,mufsm;Zmenf awmifoBl u;D ? v,f,mvkyif ef;wGif aysmf
(4) awmifoBl u;D 'H;k udk rnfonfyh t GJ wGuf a&;zJUG jcif; jzpfoenf;/ arGUwwfoal wmifoBl u;D ? wpfu, kd wf nf; vlysKBd u;D awmifoBl u;D \
(5) zd;k olawmfO;D rif;ESihf acwfNyKid pf mqdw k pfO;D udk azmfjyyg/ pdwaf epdwx f m;yg xif[yfaeonfukd awGUjrif&ygonf/
(6) rD;usnf rD;yef; ½IUd vw T jf cif;udk a½S;u rnfonft h a&;wdüYk awmifoBl u;D \ ppfrx I rf;aumif;b0udk ay:viG af tmif
toH;k jyKoenf;/ zGUJ &mü awmifoBl u;D onf tm;cGeAf vBu;D rm;Ny;D &efow l aYkd Mumuf½UG H
(7)) 'H;k csi;f t&mwGif igu h kd r,SOMf uESi.hf ...[k rnfou l qdzk ;l oenf;/ &onfh tpGr;f owå½d o Sd ?l vuf½;kH uRe&f if; jzpfyu kH kd -
(8) 'H;k csi;f uckeo f w
l oYkd nf ud, k [ f ef vSKy½f mS ;rI rnfojYdk yK&oenf;/ ]cuf&if;pG,pf kH pdeaf wmifBu;D ESihf
(9) 'H;k csi;f udk tyd'k af & rnfrQ pyfqo kd enf;/ ig;pD; qifah jymifh tm;ayud}k
(10) 'H;k csi;f yd'k rf sm;wGif toHerd jhf rifuh kd rnfoYkd xm;um pyfqo kd enf;/ ]ZrÁLpd;k & ewf½iS u hf Ref
(11) 'Hk;csif;pmydk'fudk pmvHk;a& rnfrQjzifh pyfqdkoenf;/ wkvYkd cRev f Qif cE¨m pJr,f? &J&efñeG Yf NzK}d
(12) yJGvrf;wdkYü rD;½I;rD;yef; ½IdUvTwfonfh tavhrSm rnfonfh poñhf tzJUG wjYkd zifh ay:viG af pygonf/
umvu txl; acwfpm;oenf;/
xdjYk yif ppfonf&rJ ufawmifoBl u;D udik pf o GJ nfh vufeuf pd w f a epd w f x m;wd k Y xif ½ S m ;ay:vG i f a pcJ h a Mumif ; avh v m
P73
aMumufrufzG,f½SdyHk? &efolwdkYtay: ajcmufvSefYEdkifpGef;½SdyHk? jrifawGU&ygonf/ cifrifEpS o f ufz, G f awmifoBl u;D ? at;csr;f pGm
rsK;d ½d;k tpOftvmaumif; ½Scd yhJ w kH u
Ykd kd - aeaomfvnf; aysm½f iT f azmfa½Gwwfol awmifoBl u;D ? vHUk vx<u
]ud;k ydómpD; "g;rBu;D ½Sdol awmifolBuD;? apwem &ufa&mol awmifolBuD; ponfh
&efr;D owå½k aiguv f QiNf yKd } pdwaf ep½du k wf u
Ykd kd xif½mS ;atmif zJUG xm;aMumif; avhvm Edik yf gonf/
]uke;f abmifa½Tbkd axmifueufu ]]awmifolBuD;}}wGif &nf½G,fcsufodkY a&mufatmif
ab;bd;k pOfquf ckwikd af tmif a&;zJUG yEkH iS hf uAsmu ay;onf&h o^ uAsm zwf½&I mwGif cHpm;&onfh
a&;awmfra½Smif xrf;wJh a,mufsm;} &owdu Yk kd þodv Yk Qif avhvmcGihf &cJyh gownf;/ /
[k *kPfwif zJGUqdkonf/ awmifolBuD;\ &JpGrf;owåd jynfh0rI? (awmifolBuD;\ pdwfaep½dkuf ay:vGifaponfh tzJGUESifh &oajrmufyHkwdkYudk
Edik if uH ckd spaf ompdwx f m;? Edik if t H wGut f a&;BuKH vmvQif rvTrJ a½Smif þodkYvQif avhvmcGifh &cJhygownf;/ /)
trIxrf;&ef toif½h o Sd nfh pdw"f mwfc, H cl su?f trIxrf;aumif;rsK;d ½d;k
tpOftvmudk *kP, f jl rwfE;kd wwfaompdwx f m; ponfh pdwaf ep½du k f awmifolBuD;uAsmuay;aom okw&oESihf todtjrifudk wifjyyg/
wdkY xif½Sm;ay:vGif vmapygonf/ ESpfouftm;& wuf<urI awmifolBuD;'Hk;csif;uAsmrS &½Sdonfh okw &o todtjrif
(0D&&o)ay;onfh tzJUG rsm;[k qd&k ygrnf/ ]]awmifolBuD;}}uAsmonf okw? &o? todtjrif
ppfruf Nird ;f at;aom umvwGif awmif,mawmrSm pHv k ifatmif ay;onfh uAsmwpfy'k f jzpfygonf/
aysmfavh½dSyHk? pdkufysKd;pD;yGm; atmifjrifjzpfxGef;onfh v,f,m þ'Hk;csif;udk ukef;abmifacwf bBuD;awmfbk&m;
vkyfom;aumif;BuD; jzpfyHk? u,m;NrdKUre,fwpfcGifü vkyfudkif vufxufü tif;0NrKdU? atmifajravmubk&m; waygif;vyJG
wGiu f s,yf ?kH oD;ESrH sK;d pHk jzpfxeG ;f atmifjrifol jzpfyw kH u
Ykd kd - awmfwiG f oDq&kd ef zd;k olawmfO;D rif; a&;zJUG onf[k odrw S &f onf/
]],mv,fvyk v f Ykd awmrSmaysmf ]'Hk;csif;} qdkonfrSm 'H;k vTwyf w GJ iG f ucke&f if; oDqo kd nfh
pD;yGm;xifay:ajymif;ESifhpyg; aw;oDcsi;f wpfrsK;d jzpfygonf/ 'H;k vTwo f nf qdo k nfrmS opfw;kH ?
yJrsK;d tjym; bl;ocGm;? u,m;NrKd Ure,fwpfciG f xef;wH;k ponfwu Ykd dk tacgi;f xGi;f ,rf;oGwíf peufwH wyfum
0gErS ;f pHv k if csOaf ygicf if;ESi?hf r<uif;c&rf; oD;rsK;d vQr;f }} rD;ypf½KdS UvwT jf cif; jzpfaMumif; rSwo f m;&ygonf/
[k tm;us*P k , f zl , G f aumif;atmif zJUG xm;ygonf/
'H;k vTwrf nfh uGuv f yfoYkd 'H;k udk xrf;,l o,faqmif
awmifoBl u;D \b0rSm Muifazmfr½daS o;onfh vlysKBd u;D vmpOf 'Hk;ay:wGif ZD;uGuf½kyf? zdk;olawmf½kyf ponfwdkYudk
b0 jzpfonf/ xdaYk Mumifh wpfu, kd w f nf; [if;pm½Sm? csujf yKwf 'Hk;pD;½kyftjzpf wifaqmifum rdrdwdkY 'Hk;pD;½kyftaMumif;udk
pDrHavh ½dSyHkudk - &,fNyKH ;zG,jf yKonf/ wpfzufom;udk csK;d ESrd o f nf/ rdru d ,
kd u f kd
]]ydu k w f ef;pnf;0du k f a½T,ek af xmifum cs;D aNrmS ufonf/ vufo;D vufarmif; wef;vsuf ajcodik ;f uGuu f s
csK;d ESiihf ;kH pmi,fuakd v}} eif;um a½SUw;kd aemufqw k jf zifh uckeo f q D rkd jI yK&\/ xdaYk Mumifh
]]ajymif;yJa&ma&m qefwpf0ufEiS }hf } 'H;k csi;f \ yef;wdik &f oonf [ó&o jzpfaMumif; odEdkifonf/
]]a&ma&mpHk csKv d cS sn}hf } þ'H;k csi;f wGi]f awmifoBl u;D }udk uke;f abmifacwfaESmif;½Sd
ponftzGUJ rsm;jzifh ay:viG af ponf/ awmifoBl u;D wpfO;D \ b0o½kyw f Ykd xif[yfxm;onfh
xdx k rif; xd[ k if;rsK;d jzifh tysKu d av;rsm;tm; vufqkH 'H;k pD;½kytf jzpf awGjrif&ygonf/ 'H;k csi;f \ tpwGif -
xrif;pm; zdwMf um;yHu k kd - ]]cuf&if;pG,pf kH pdeaf wmifBu;D ESihf
]]tysKid ,fa½Teu H m;atmif pm;ygvn S Ahf ;kH aAm}} ig;pD;qifajymifh tm;ayud/k }}
[k ½d;k ½d;k Bu;D ajymcsvu kd yf kH tzGUJü jrifEikd o f nf/ awmifoBl u;D vlysKBd u;D \ [kvnf;aumif;?
cspcf ifMuifemvdpk w d ?f &if;ES;D cifrifvpkd w d w f u
Ykd kd jrifawGUvm&apygonf/ ]]ZrÁp;kd & ewf½iS u hf Ref
&,farmoabmusz, G f [ó&o udkvnf; cHpm;&apygonf/ wkvcYkd Rev f Qif cE¨mpJr,f
þta&;tzG J U wd k Y j zif h awmif o l B uD ; \ b0ES i f h &J&efñeG NYf zKd /}}
[kvnf;aumif; qdx k m;ygonf/ ppfrufa&;&m ay:ayguw f ikd ;f ESpo
f ufauseyf&ygaMumif; ajzqdt
k yfygownf;/ /
awmifoBl u;D onf bk&ifv h uf½;kH uRe&f if;tjzpf &yfwnfNrJ jzpfonfukd awmifolBuD;oifcef;pmwGif avhvmzG,f tvuFmrsm;
jrL;jrL;<u<u qdx k m;jcif; jzpfygonf/ 39/ cuf&if;pG,pf kH pdeaf wmifBu;D ( ½lyu )
þwGif pum;vH;k ajcmufv;kH ? ckepfv;kH yg pmyd'k w f u Ykd kd ]awmif o l B uD ; }uAsmwG i f rd r d \ vuf e uf
edrfhoHwpfvSnfh? jrifhoHwpfvSnfhjzifh pyfqdkyHkrSm 'Hk;csif;tzJGU\ tpGrf;xufyHkudk &JrufawmifolBuD; 0ifh<um;onfh pum;.../
oabmjzpfaMumif;vnf; okwyGm;&ygonf/ BuD ; rm;cRef x uf r mausmyH k*kPf&nfwltjzpf pG,fpHk
cuf&if;vufeuf(tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf pdeaf wmifBu;D (tEdiI ;f )wdu Yk kd ......./
qufvufí - 40/ &efrD; ( ½lyu )
]]ud;k ydóm ómpD
ó m ; "m;rBu;D ].....}uAsmwG i f &ef o l t aygif ; ud k &nf n T e f ; um
&efr;D owå½k aiguv f QiNf yKd }} Burd ;f armif; BuKH ;0g;aeonfh &JrufawmifoBl u;D \ pum;tjzpf../
ponfjzifh rdrw d Ykd 'H;k pD;½kyf ppfonf&rJ ufawmifoBl u;D \ tm;usz, G f tusd K ;pD ; yG m ;zsuf q D ; wwwf y H k *kPf&nfwtjzpf lt jzpf
tpG r f ; ud k twd o ,0k w å d a jrmuf oD q d k c sD ; a`rS m uf M uyH k r S m ab;&ef(tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf rD;(tEdiI ;f )wdu Yk kd xyfwjl yK............../
wufwuf<u<u ½Tif½TifjrL;jrL; ½SdvSojzifh 0D&&o? [ó [ó&o 41/ &efnGefY ( ½lyu )
yGm;apygonf/ uke;f abmifqufwpfavQmuf wm0efausyeG cf o hJ l ].....}uAsmwG i f &ef o l t aygif ; ud k &nf n T e f ; um
Burd ;f armif; BuKH ;0g;aeonfh &JrufawmifoBl u;D \ pum;.../
ppfonf&rJ ufw\Ykd pGr;f aqmif*P k &f nfuv kd nf; todtjrifymG ;zG,f ab;&ef(tEdIif;cH)ESifh tnGefYtwuf(tEdIif;)wdkYudk
cefrY eS ;f Edik yf gonf/ yGm;rsm;vmwwfykH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf xyfwjl yK............/
þ'H;k csi;f wGif ppfrufNird ;f at;cdu k f v,f,mvkycf iG w f iG f 42/ ewf½iS u fh Re(f 0uF0w k )då
aysmaf rGUNrJ jzpfaom awmifoBl u;D \ b0o½kyu f vkd nf;jrifEikd of nf/ ].....}uAsmwG i f &ef o l t aygif ; ud k &nf n T e f ; um
ajymif;? pyg;? yJrsKd;pHk? bl;? ocGm;? 0g? ESrf;? csOfaygif? c&rf;? paom Burd ;f armif; BuKH ;0g;aeonfh &JrufawmifoBl u;D \ pum;tjzpf../
v,fxGufoD;ESH ,mxGufoD;ESHpHkwdkYrSm ukef;abmifacwfaESmif; ]bk & if r if ; jrwf \ trS K xrf ; aus;uG s ef & if ; }}[k
wduk ½f u kd f rqdb k J ]ewf½iS u hf Re}f [k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG ............../
umv\ t"du pdkufysKd;oD;ESHrsm; jzpfaMumif; odjrif&onf/ 43/ cE¨mpJ( 0uF0kwådtvuFm )
awmifoBl u;D rSmvnf; v,f,mvkyo f m;aumif;Bu;D wpfO;D jzpf&m ].....}uAsmwG i f &ef o l t aygif ; ud k &nf n T e f ; um
av;pm;zG,fyif/ Burd ;f armif; BuKH ;0g;aeonfh &JrufawmifoBl u;D \ pum; ......../
awmifolBuD;onf wpfudk,fwnf;orm;jzpfjyefonf/ ]&ifqdkifwkNydKifvmolrSeforQ ½SKH;edrfhum aoqHk;&rnf}
ydu
k w f ef;pnf;0du k u f m ,keaf xmifonf/ csK;d ? iH;k ? pm;uav;wdu Yk kd [k wdu k ½f ukd rf qdb k J ]cE¨mpJr,f}[k .........../
zrf;onf/ ykpeG v f ;kH EduI o f nf/ a&,Ofp;D onfh awmNrKd io f mwGif 44/ ig;pD;qifajymifh tm;ayud(k twdo,0kwdå )
udk,fwdkif csufjyKwfíom pm;aomuf&½Smonf/ tdro f rl ½Sod nfh ].....}uAsmwG i f &ef o l t aygif ; ud k &nf n T e f ; um
Burd ;f armif; BuKH ;0g;aeonfh &JrufawmifoBl u;D \ pum;......./
tjzpfrmS pmemzG,[ f k qdEk ikd o f nf/ ]rd r d \ cG e f t m;AvBuD ; rm;yH k }udk omrefrQ rqdkbJ
odkYaomfvlysKdBuD;yDyD - ]qifajymif ig;pD;tvm; cGet f m;Bu;D rm;onf}[k ......../
]tysKid ,f a½Teu H m;atmif? pm;ygvn S hf Ake;f aAm} 45/ &J&efnGefYNzdK ( 0uF0kwådtvuFm )
[k ol[ Y if;vsm&omcsKw d u Ykd kd vufpt kH wl pm;vSñ&fh ef zdwaf c:wwf ].....}uAsmwG i f &ef o l t aygif ; ud k &nf n T e f ; um
yHkrSm cifrifp&mvnf;jzpf? NyHK;p&mvnf;jzpfayonf/ uAsm\ Burd ;f armif; BuKH ;0g;aeonfh &JrufawmifoBl u;D \ pum;..../
tcsy'kd rf mS 'H;k csi;f tzJUG yDovSygonf/ &ef t ygif ; ud k &J & J 0 H h 0 H h wd k u f c d k u f acsrS K ef ; on onf
[kwu kd ½f u
kd f rqdb k J ]&J&efneG jYf zKd }[k oG,0f u kd f zJUG qx kd m;.../
pmqdzk ;kd olawmfO;D rif;onf vlO;D rif;? trwfBu;D OD;ay:O;D ?
0ufrpGwf e0a';wd k Y E S i f h t wl a½T b d k r if ; vuf x uf w d k i f a tmif 46/ ud;k ydómpD;"m;rBu;D (twdo,0kw)då
]....}uAsmwGif udik pf aJG om vufeuf aMumufrufzG,f
ausmMf um;ol[k odrw S &f ygonf/ ]'H;k csi;f t&mwGif igu h kd r,SOMf uESi?hf / tpGrf;xufyHkudk &JrufawmifolBuD; 0ifh<um;onfh pum;.../
igvv l eG af yv[J}h [k qdck o hJ l jzpfonf/ "m;r\t½G,ftpm;BuD;rm;onfudk omrefrQ rqdb k J
ol Y t qd k E S i f h t nD ajymif a jrmuf a tmif z J G U x m;onh f ]ud;k yd ó mmpD; "m;rBu;D }[k tvGet f MuL;zJUG q.kd .........../
awmifoBl u;D 'H;k csi;f rS okw? &o? todtjrif pHv k ifatmif &½Syd gojzifh
10/ aqmif;&wkyJG (av;csKd;) (rEÅav;aqmif;zGJU)
cef;aqmifa½T &a0wGi;f rSmv? csr;f aygiaf v wpfaz wif;aomfvnf; ajz&if;&,fwhJ cdu k cf u
kd w f ek /f
rsuw f pfcwf? jyufvsyu f ,f wpfAZD emrQ?
xnftvTm tukeaf xG;aomfv?J Munftom rvHak o;ygb?k rSw d yf gvQif vdyjf ymu at;wmrd?Yk aoG;vefv Y Ykd cke/f
,rf;a,mifum w vsun f nf;rdawmh? oef;acgirf mS jrMuufo;D awGu? wzD;zD; ysUH viYkd ,ft?kH ............AsmqHw k hJ &moDy/J
aiGEiS ;f i,freI ?f avnif;&,f wokeo f ek Ef iS ?hf csr;f yHrk mS urf;uke&f pfwmrd?Yk ref;wkeaf tmif vrf;qHu k [pfcsiaf wmh
onfacwfrmS onfv[ kd mjzif?h onfu, kd rf mS aoaovkygaygh
urmÇ u d k jA[ ® m wd k Y jyKcJ h w ,f ? ..............aqmif ; &wk y J G / /
uAsmteuf
cef;aqmiftwGi;f rSmjzpfonf/ rcsr;f vSyg[k pdwrf mef wif;xm;ygonf/ tjyifyavmufrat;yg? aeomygonf[k ajz&if;rSmyif
wcdu k cf u
kd f wkev f mygawmhonf/
tvTmvTmtxyfxyfNcKx H nfwjYkd zifh tuket f pif axG;ydu k f ygaomfvnf; [efrus/ rvHak o;/ rsuw f pfcwfrQ vQyw f pfjyufrQ
wpfAZD emrQ tcsed if ,fav;rQyif rMunfomEdik af o;yg/ rsupf rd w dS íf tdycf svu kd zf Ykd tm;xkwjf yefvQiv f nf; pdw0f n d mOfü csr;f at;'Pf
0ifa&mufvmonf/ aoG;rsm;yif vefcY ek rf wwf cHpm;&ygonf/
oef;acgi, f t H csed üf ,rf;a,mifwrf;w nnf;nLrdatmif at;ygonf/ Muufo;D at;rsm;u wzD;zD;xaeygNy/D tat;
tcsr;f 'PfrS avsmeh nf;oufomaprnfh taMumif;vnf;rjrif&/ onfaqmif; onftcsr;f udk rnfoYkd &ifqikd af usmv f mT ;&ygrnfenf;/
ponfjzifh trsK;d rsK;d awG;awmí ylyifaMumifMh up&mrsm; aygi;f pkvmjyefygonf/ AsmqHak om &moDaywnf;/
rEÅav;NrKd UBu;D onfum; aiGEiS ;f rIerf sm; vTr;f Ncv H suyf if/ csr;f at;p&m avnif;wdu Yk vnf; wokeo f ek w f u kd cf wfvsuf ½do S nf/
xdaYk Mumifh csr;f at;yHrk mS urf;uke&f pfygacsNy/D wpfNrKd Uv;kH wkeo f mG ;atmif vrf;qHk wpfcrk aS eí [pfatmfypfvu kd cf siaf wmhonf/ þtcg
þumv0,f þodaYk om csr;f at;yHrk sK;d jzifo h m qufí BuKH awGU&ygvQif azwud, k rf mS aovkrwwf jzpf&ygvrd rhf nf/ þajr þurÇmBu;D udk
jA[®mBu;D rsm;u zefqif;cJo h nf[k qdo k nf/ þaqmif; þtcgumv þtcsr;f 'PfrmS jyif;xef vGeu f J vGe;f vSygownf;/
aqmif;q&mazvdkUrSwf
tcsKywf ef;q&maz/ 1200 jynfEh pS ?f 0gqv kd qef;-2&uf (c&pfEpS f 1838? ZGev f -23&uf)wGizf mG ;/ tif;0Zmwd/ rif;wke;f rif;\
vufxufwiG f q&maz\zcifonf rEÅav;awmifjyif r*FvmwHcg; taemufbuf usL;H xdyt f yfcsKyw
f ef;wGif bk&ifjh rif;wyfawmftwGuf
jrif;uke;f ES;D rsm; csKyv
f yk t
f oufarG;onf/ rdcifrmS obifynmonf rsK;d ½d;k jzpfonf/
q&mazonf pmqdak usmf pavOD;yknESihf acwfNyKd ipf mqdjk zpf/ tcsKyw f ef;q&maz[kxif½mS ;/ rsK;d csppf wd x
f ufoef/ t*Fvyd b f &k ifcH
rtyfr&mvkyíf 'Pfoifah csNy[ D k t"dygÜ ,&f onfh aw;xyfukd a&;zGUJ z;l &m rif;'Pfoifh tcsKycf cH &hJ onf/ xdak w;xyfwiG f ]]rif;wkw?k
acG;aoao? aoG;awGawG,b kd }d } [lonfh tyd'k rf sm; ygonf/ jrefrmbk&if ygawmfral omtcgwiG v f nf; ]]a½Tq;D jzLoabmod?Yk paumESihf
vSrd o
hf vd}k }[k rSww f rf;wifco hJ nf/ jrefrmtcsKUd u t*Fvyd v f ufatmuf uReo f abmuftjzpf om,maeonfuv kd nf; aw;xyfzUJG í
qH;k rcJo
h nf/ ]]awG;rdwikd ;f ? t½d;k em onf trsK;d yg qJcsiaf ygah v;}}[k pyfqx kd m;onf/
q&mazonf ½Srf;jynfü½dSpOf jrefrmESpf 1256 ckcefY (c&pfESpf 1894 cefY)wGif uG,fvGefcJhonf/
ar;cGe;f wdk
(1) q&maz\ rdcifonf rnfonfh rsKd ;½d;k jzpfoenf;/ (2) q&mazonf rnfoEl iS hf acwfNyKd ipf mqdk jzpfoenf;/
(3) ]awG;rdwikd ;f t½d;k emonf ..}[k aw;xyfjzihf rnfow l u Ykd kd jypfwif qH;k rcJh oenf;/
(4) tcsKyw f ef;q&maztrnfwiG yf u kH kd ajzyg/(5) q&mazESihf trnfwl pmqdu k kd azmfjyyg/
(6) ]rif;wkwk acG;aoao ..}[lonfh aw;xyfpmom;onf rnfou Yl kd &nfneT ;f oenf;/
(7) ]aqmif;&wky}GJ udk rnfonfah cwfwiG f a&;oenf;/
(8) ]a½TqD;jzLoabmodkY? paumESifh vdSrfh...}[k zJGUum rSwfwrf;wifol pmqdkudk azmfjyyg /
aqmif; q&maz ? av;csKd; avn? tif;0 om; awmif u &ifxEJ v S ;kH om;wGi;f odYk pdr0hf if cHpm;&onfukd -
orefv,fpm; ? az i,f armif ]......vdyjf ymu at;xmrd?Yk aoG;vefv Y cYkd ek }f
[k zJUG qw kd ifjyxm;&m pmemzG,f jzpfawmhonf/
ar;cGef;½Snf? ar;cGef;a[mif;/ csr;f at;'Pfukd cHpm;&onfrmS oef;acgi, f H nOfeh ufoYkd
1/ aqmif;&wkyGJ t& pmqd\k cHpm;rIukd ay:viG af tmif o½kyaf zmfyg/ wdik cf ahJ wmhonf/ tdyaf ysmrf nfh tcdu k rf mS yif csr;f at;wkef um
2/ ref;wkeaf tmif vrf;qHu k [pfcsiaf om tcsKyw f ef;q&maz\ ,rf;a,mifrad vonf/ þodcYk pH m;BuKH awGU&yHu k -kd
aqmif;&wkyt GJ aMumif; pmyef;csjD c,fyg/ ].....,rf;a,mifum wvsuf nnf;rdawmh
3/ &nf½G,fcsuf ay:vGifatmif rnfodkY a&;zJGUxm;oenf;/ oef;acgirf mS jrMuufo;D awGu wzD;zD; ysUH viYkd ,ft.kH ...}
aqmif;&moD tcsrf;vGefuJyHk o½kyfudk ay:vGifatmif rnfodkY [k zJUG qw kd ifjyavonf/
a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/ wpfqufwnf;rSmyif þodaYk om aqmif;nudk rnfoYkd
4/ aqmif;ESifh ywfoufí pmqdk\ cHpm;rIESifh ta&;tzJGUudk &ifqikd jf zwfoef;&ygrnf;enf;[k awG;awm aMumifMh u yGm;&av
avhvmwifjyyg/ onf/ tcsr;f 'PfrS oufom avsmyh g;aMumif; ½Syd gO;D rnfvm;[kyif
enf;,lz, G f tajz oHo,jzpfzG,f ½SdyHkudk -
aqmif;&wkyJGuAsmwGif rEÅav;aqmif;\ csrf;at;yHkudk pmqdku rnfodkYa&;zJGUwifjycJhoenf;/ ]AsmqHkwJh &moDyJ }
(&nf½, G cf suo f aYkd &mufatmifa&;zJUG y)kH [k qufí xif½mS ;atmif qdak vonf/
aqmif;&wkyJG av;csKd;t& pmqdk\ cHpm;rIESifh ta&;tzJGU xdpk Of jyify0ef;usi0f ,f NrKd UwpfciG v f ;kH udk aiGEiS ;f rIew
f Ykd
vTrf;avonf/ at;pufaom avnif ; uvnf; wokefokef
]aqmif;&wkyJG}onf tcsKyfwef;q&maz\ aqmif;zJGU
aqmfaoG;vsuf ½Sdonf/ tqHk;pGefwdkifatmif csrf;at;vSonfh
av;csK;d uAsm jzpfygonf/ rEÅav;&wemyH\k aqmif;cg csr;f at;yHu k kd
avmuobm0udk av;csK;d tcsy'kd t f jzpf -
pmqdu k ud, k af wGU tawGUtBuKH tjzpf cHpm;wifjy xm;onf/
] aiGEiS ;f i,freI ?f avnif;&,fwokeo f ek Ef iS hf
pmqdo k nf xdrk EÅav;aqmif;nü tcsr;f 'Pf oufom csr;f yHrk mS urf;uke&f pfwmrd?Yk ref;wkeaf tmif
ap&ef vHNk cKH aom cef;aqmifwpfct k wGi;f ½Sad eonfukd - vrf;qHu k [pfcsiaf wmh.........}
]cef;aqmifa½T &a0wGi;f rSmv} [k zJUG qrkd ad wmhonf/ ]onfu, kd rf mS aoaovkygayg}h [lívnf;
[k azmfjyvdu k of nf/ nnf;qdk rdavonf/ jA[¨mBu;D rsm; zefqif;cJo h nfh þurÇmBu;D ü
odaYk omf jyify½Sd tat;"mwfu wpdrphf rd hf ck0d ifEydS pf uf þaqmif;? þtcgumv? þcsr;f at;'PfrmS jyif;xef vGeu f v J eG ;f
aeojzifh tcsr;f 'Pfukd tm;wif; &ifqikd af e&onf/ odEYk iS hf - vSygawmhonf [kvnf; wifjyxm;avonf/
]csr;f aygiaf v wpfaz wif;aomfvnf; þav;csK;d wGif q&mazonf ]wpfazwif;}]ajz&if;}[k
ajz&if;&,fwhJ cdu k cf u
dk w f ek /f } tm;wif;[ef? ]rvHkao;} ]vdyfjymuat;}[k zGifhqdk½Sif;jy[ef?
[k zJUG &avawmhonf/ ]aoG;vefv Y cYkd ek }f [k wifpm;[ef? ]AsmqHw k hJ &moDy}J ]ref;wkeaf tmif
þodkY &ifqdkif&if; nOfYeufvmcJhonf/ tvTmvTm vrf;qHu k [pfcsiaf wmh} ]onfu, kd rf mS aoaovkygayg}h [lonfh
txyfxyf NcKH xnfwjYkd zifh tcsr;f vHak tmif BuK;d pm;ygonf/ odaYk omf &ifzGifh[efwdkYjzifhvnf; jyif;xefvSonfh tcsrf;'Pf cHpm;&yHkudk
[efrus? wpfcPrQyif oufomcGirhf &/ csr;f at;vGe;f vS&m- xif½mS ;apcJo h nf/
]rsuw f pfcwf jyufvQyu f ,f wpfAZD emrQ aqmif;&wkyGJ av;csK;d wGif ]ref;}aqmif;n csr;f at;yH^k
xnftvTm tukeaf xG;aomfvnf; pmqd\ k cHpm;rIEiS hf ta&;tzJUG ukd þodv Yk Qif avhvm awGUjrif&yg
Munftom rvHak o;ygb.k ......} ownf;/ /^^( pmqdo k nf ol&nf½, G w f ifjyvdo k nfh ref;aqmif;n
[laom tzJGUjzifh azmfusL;wifjyxm;onf/ jyif;xef vSonfh tcsr;f o½kyf ay:viG af tmif þodv Yk Qif a&;zJUGwifqufxm;yg ownf;/
tcsr;f 'Pfukd oufom avsmyh g;ap&ef ZGwrf w dS u
f m tdycf svu
kd yf g )
ao;onf/ xdt k cgryS if ydu
k oJ o d maom tat;"mwf? tcsr;f 'Pf
ref ; wk e f a tmif vrf ; qH k u [pf c sif a om tcsKyf w ef ; q&maz\ ]...,rf;a,mifum w vsuf nnf;rdawmh
P77
]aqmif ; &wk y J G } taMumif ; pmyef ; csD j c,f y g/ ( u A s m y g oef;acgirf mS jrMuufo;D awGu? wzD;zD; ysUH viYdk ,ft.kH ..}
taMumif ; tcsuf w d k Y u d k tajccH u m ar;xm;onf u d k [k qdkxm;jyefonf/ pmqdkrSm tdyfaysmfrnfh tcdkufrSmyif
ay:vGifatmif azmfusL;a&;om; ajzqdkoifh )
csr;f at;vGe;f ojzifh ,rf;a,mifum w rd&onf/ csr;f vSonfh
q&maz\ aqmif;&wkyJG
tjzpfukd EIwrf v S nf; nnf;rdonf/ jrMuufo;D rsm;rSm wpfu, kd v
f ;kH
]aqmif;&wky}GJ onf tcsKyw f ef; q&maz\ aqmif;zJUG
ysUH avonf/ þodaYk om aqmif;nwmudk rnfo&Ykd ifqikd u f m rnfoYkd
av;csKd ; jzpf y gonf / rEÅ a v;&wemyH k a qmif ; &moD
jzwfoef;&ygrnfenf;/ tcsrf;'PfrS oufomavsmhyg;aMumif;
tcsr;f onf;vGe;f ojzifh ]ref;wkeaf tmif vrf;qHu k [pfcsiaf wmh}[k
½Syd gO;D rnfvm;[kyif oHo,yGm; aomursm;um ]AsmqHw k hJ &moDy}J [k
pmqdu k ,dk w f ikd f &ifziG &hf onfh aqmif;&wkyGJ jzpfygonf/
a&½Gwrf ad yonf/
uAsm\ yxrtcsK;d yd'k w f iG f -
uAsmtcsydk'fwGif ref;NrKdUwpfcGifvHk;0,f aqmif;ESif;
]cef;aqmifa½T &a0wGi;f rSmv....}
avat;wdYk vTr;f vsu½f ySd u kH kd awGUEikd o f nf/ aiGEiS ;f jzLwdYk rIeaf eonf/
[k qdx k m;onf/ pmqdrk mS xdrk EÅav;aqmif;wpfnü tcsr;f 'Pf
at;pufaom avnif;wdu Yk vnf; wokeo f ek f aqmfaoG;vsuf
oufomap&ef vHNk cKH &m cef;aqmif wpfct k wGi;f ½daS vonf/
½So d nf/ aovkrwwf jzpf&atmif tqH;k pGex f d csr;f at;vS&m
odaYk omf jyify½Sd tat;"mwfu wpdrphf rd hf ck0d ifEydS pf uf avmuBu;D udk zefqif;onf qdak om jA[®mBu;D wdx Yk H wpfpw kH pf&m
aeav&m - ta&;qdck sipf w d f jzpf&onftxd at;aom aqmif;&wkyif/
]csr;f aygiaf v wpfaz wif;aomfvnf;
þonfrSm ref;wkefatmif vrf;qHku [pfcsifonfh
ajz&if;&,fwhJ cdu k cf u
kd wf ek /f }
q&maz\ rEÅav;aqmif;yif jzpfygownf;/ /
jzpfaeavawmhonf/ tcsrf;'Pf cHpm;ae&ygvsuf ]rcsrf;yg?
aqmif;7wkyJG av;csdK;twGuf tvuFmavhhvmcsuf
rcsr;f yg}[k ZGwEf pS t f m;wif;&if;u cku d cf u kd wf ek af e&aom q&maz\
tjzpfudk pmemMunfhvQif ausmcsrf;zG,fyif/ 47/ vdyfjymu at;wmrdkY (0uF0kwåd)
]aqmif;&wky}JG uAsmwGif tdypf ufrw Sd af ysmíf r&Edik af tmif
qufvufí pmqd\k tjzpfukd -
csr;f at;vSaMumif; pmqdu k cHpm;zJUG q&kd mwGif oH;k xm;ygonf/
]rsuw f pfcwf? jyufvQyu f ,f wpfAZD emrQ ]&if
&ifwGif; pdwfESvHk;om; xdatmif pdrfhat;onf[k
wnftvTm tukeaf xG;aomfvnf;? wdu k ½f ukd rf qdb k J ]vdyjf ymu at;wmrd}Yk [k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUGxm; ojzifh
Munftom rvHak o;...} 0uF0w k t då vuFmajrmufygonf/
ponfjzifh awGU&onf/ tcsr;f 'Pfukd cg;qD;cH &ifqikd &f if; nOfeh uf 48/ aoG;vefv Y cYkd ek f (twdo,0kw)då
vmcJo h nf/ q&mazonf tvTmvTm txyfxyf NcKx H nfwjYkd zifh ].....}uAsmwGif tdypf ufrw Sd af ysmíf r&Edik af tmif csr;f at;
tcsrf;vHkatmif BuKd;pm;aomfvnf; [efrus/ wpfcPrQyif vSaMumif; pmqdu k cHpm;zJUG q&kd mwGif oH;k xm;ygonf/
oufomcGihf r& at;udu k af eawmhonf/ odEYk iS hf pmqdrk mS raEG;Edik ?f ]csrf ; at;vG e f ; onf h cH p m;rS K }}udk omrefrQ rqdkbJ
raxG;Edik ?f tdypf uf raysmEf ikd af tmif jzpf&onf/ jyif;xefvo S nfh ]aoG;vefv Y cYkd ek }f [k tvGet f MuL; zJUG qx kd m;aomaMumifh twdo,
tcsr;f 'Pfukd oufom avsmyh g;ap&ef ZGwrf w dS uf m tdycf svu kd f 0kwdå tvuFmajrmufygonf/
ygao;onf/ 49/ ref;wkeaf tmif vrf;qHu k [pfcsiaf wmh ( twdo,0kwdå )
xdt k cgrmS yif - ].....}wG i f tcsrf ; 'Pf a Mumif h aqmuf w nf & mrJ h
]...... vdyjf ymu at;wmrd?Yk aoG;vefv Y cYkd ek /f } cHpm;&yHu k kd pmqdu k azmfñeT ;f &mü oH;k xm; ygonf/
[k qdk&avawmhonf/ ydkuJ odomaom csrf;at;'Pfu ]rcHr&yf rxdef;csKyfEdkifavmufatmif tcsrf;onf;
&ifxEJ v S ;kH om; twGi;f odYk pdr0hf ifacsNy/D aoG;vefcY ek rf wwf cHpm;ae onf}udk omrefrQrqdkbJ ] ref;wkefatmif vrf;qHHku [pfcsif
&aom q&mhazh tjzpfrmS pmemoem;zG,f jzpfawmhonf/ awmh}[k tvGet f MuL;qdx k m;aomaMumifh twdo,0kwdå tvuFm
ajrmufygonf/
odkYESifh oef;acgif,H wdkifcJhonf/ aqmif;uvnf;
nOfeh ufav ydak t;av jzpf&m uAsmwGif -
11/ av;armifhpHausmif;(aw;xyf) 18yd'k ?f .av;/ OD;ykn\aw;xyfrsm;
pavOD;yknonf armfueG ;f ? jyZmwf? aw;xyf? a[mpm?
( edAÁdE´bJGU ^ 0#fqif;&JudkNiD;aiGUjcif; ) arwåmpm ponfwdkYudk trsm;tjym;a&;zGUJcJ/ trsm;tm;jzifh
rkav;½Hk awmtp? a'gevrf;ajrnD/ aw;xyfrsm; zGUJ / awmzGUJ ? rd;k zGUJ ? r,fzUJG ? armifzUJG ? edAEdÁ ´ ? tapmif;
avQmusprf;a& oif;Munfw,f a½TEiS ;f qDuefacsmif;/ tcsw d ?f tajrm§ uftyifrh pS í aA'if? oN*KØ vt f xdyg0if/
vGr;f rwwf pum;0girl mS eHo Y mjzL av;armifph aH usmif;/ OD;ykn
pHy,fcsyf o&zDacsmifrmS ? cGmñdak wmif cdak tmif;/ jrefrmESpf 1174 ck? 0gacgiv f qef; 13 &uf? Mumoyaw;
arT;eHoY mpkaygi;f vdYk Ekanmifapmif;xufrmS aeY (c&pfEpS f 1812 ck? Mo*kwv f 20 &uf)zGm;/ i,frnfarmifyw k pf nf/
y'krm® MumouFe;f i,fEiS hf cgqifjref; awmarGUaysm&f m/ zcifrmS NrKd UoBl u;D ½d;k jzpf/
ZDZ0g rkcjf cm;vdYk wHcg;u cs&m;BuKd i?f oif;wJ*h Edik f pavNrKd Ur cifBu;D p? wlarmif;q&mawmf OD;'Dy i,fq&m
rsm;/ Bu;D aomf tr&yl&NrKd U Aef;armfq&mawmfxH ynmqufvuf
,kZe r[mNrKd irf mS urÇmwdik f rS;D r,f yav;/ / qnf;yl;/ ½Sifyknmbd"Z/
uAsmteuf uaemifrif;? rif;wkef;rif;wdkYxH cpm;/ vufzuf
awmtpwGif jrwfav;yef;½H/k ajrnDvrf;wpfavQmuf &nfawmfbufü rif;vSocF,m[laom bGUJEiS hf xrf;½Gu/f ½Gmpnf½mG udk
0J,mwdkYü a'geyef;wdkYu &eHYoif;ysHUvsuf/ pD;qif;aeaom pm;&/
prf;a&MunfwdkYyif oif;oif;MunfMunfarT;ysHU/ uefaygif½dk;ESifh jrifuGef; jrif;cHkwdkifrif;om;wdkY ykefuefonfhta&;ü
acsmif;eHab;urf;pyf wpfavQmufww Ykd iG f yef;a½TEiS ;f qDwYkd yGiv
hf ef; tcgay;[k NrdKU0efOD;omtdk; tdrfwGif zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;&mrS
oif;xHpk mG / om,maom t&yfaywnf;/ uGyfrsufcH&/ rif;wkef;rif;BuD;u vGefpGmESajrm/ ]vludk acG;
uefa&jyifoYkd xd;k xGuaf eaom uke;f ajrtilav;um; owf a vjcif ; }[k rd e f Y c J h / aES m if ; ynm½d S r sm;u jref r mjynf \
yef;pum;0gwYkd zH;k vTr;f xm;onf/ vGr;f armzG,yf if/ þpum;0g ½dSwfpyD;,m;[k wifpm;ac:a0:cJh/ ]rkav;½Hkawmtp..} onf
til a v;ü rav;armif p H j ref ; rnf h ausmif ; ocF r f ; av;ud k edAEdÁ z´ UJG jzpf/
eHUomjzLom;ESihf wnfygrnf/ pHy,fyef;½Hw k u Ykd awmifMum;rSm arT;&eHY ar;cGe;f wdk avhvm&ef
wxHkxHk/ a½Tyef;cdkif o&zDwdkYuvnf; awmacsmifav;twGif;rS (1) rnfuo hJ Ykd a&;zJUG í aw;xyf[k ac:oenf;/
oif;&eHY wvdIifvdIif/ awmifaMum wpfavQmuf cdk0ifyGifhvef; (2) rif;vSocF,mbJUG EiS hf xrf;½Gupf Of rnfonf½h mG udk pm;&oenf;/
aeMuonfh EG,yf ef;cGmndK wdrYk mS vnf; aysmaf rGU p&myif/ (3) ]wHcg;u cs&m;BuKd i}f onf rnfonfh t"dymÜ ,f&oenf;/
av;armifph aH usmif;wGif anmifapmif;ckwifukd arT;eHUomwdYk (4) uAsmonftaMumif;t&mtm;jzifh rnfoaYkd om tzJUG enf;/
pkaygi;f í El;El;nHn
h ½hH aSd tmif pDrxH m;ygrnf/ y'krm® MumouFe;f xnfukd (5)aw;xyfonf rnfonfah cwfwiG f xGe;f um;vmoenf;/
½Hkygrnf/ xdkodkYvQif awm&aqmuf wnfrIjyKum arGUavsmfpGm (6) aw;xyfwiG f tyd'k af & rnfrQygoenf;/
oDwif;oH;k ygrnf/ (7) vufzuf&nfawmfbufwiG f rnfonfb h UGJ EiS hf xef;½Guo
f enf;/
pHausmif;\ 0if;wHwdkif;tjzpf aomfuyef;wdkU½dSum (8) i,fq&mESpyf g;um; rnfow l eYkd nf;/
rkc0f wGif ZDZ0gwu Ykd oD;jcm;wnf½ySd grnf/ wHcg;wGif cs&m;yef;wdYk (9)i,frnfukd ajzyg/ ^½Sio f mraPbJUG trnfukd ajzyg/
oif;BuKd iaf eonf/ arT;ysUH vo S nfh ,kZewdu Yk awmNrKd iBf u;D twGi;f (10)]vlukd acG; owfavjcif;}[k tb,faMumifh rdeo Yf enf;/
rif;rlaeygO;D rnf/ þ*Edik f þNrKd if þawm&yfwiG f urÇmqH;k wdik f (11) aESmif;ynm½Sw d uYkd OD;yknudk rnfoYkd wifpm;ac:a0:oenf;/
aysmfarGUvdkufygrnf/ / (12) zcifrmS rnfonfh trIxrf; rsK;d ½d;k enf;/
(13) ½Siv f x l u G Nf y;D aemuf rnfox Yl H cpm;oenf;/
aw;xyf (14) tr&yl & Nrd K U rnf o nf h q &mawmf x H ü ynmquf v uf
rif;wke;f rif;? oDaygrif;wdv Yk ufxuf rEÅav;acwfwiG f qnf;yl;oenf;/
xG e f ; um;cJ h / a½S ; ½d k ; aw;tcsK d ; rsm;ud k tqif h q if h x yf q if h í av;armifh ykn aw;xyf p
a&;zGUJ &aomaMumifh aw;xyf[ak c:/ 18 yd'k yf gNy;D ]av; av;
av;}[laom ½Gmpnf NrdKUBuD; armifykwf p
pmvH;k jzifh tqH;k owf&/ pavNrKdUr cifBuD;pESifh wlarmif;q&mawmf OD;'Dy
Aef;armf rif;vS ocF,? taMumif; ed A Á d E ´ /
ar;cGe;f ½Sn^f ar;cGe;f a[mif; avhvmyg/ pdwu f ;l um -
P79
1/ pmqdk\ tawG;ESifh ta&; qef;Mu,fyHkudk wifjyyg/ ]vGr;f rwwf pum;0girl mS ? eHo Y mjzLav;armifph aH usmif;}
2/ uAsmwGif ausmif;ocFr;f ESihf ywf0ef;usiu f kd rnfoYkd o½kyaf zmf [k zJUG ygawmhonf/ vSy qef;Mu,faom tawG;[k qdck siyf gonf/
xm;oenf;/ pHausmif;tvSudk rnfodkY wifpm;zJGUqdkxm;oenf;/ xdaYk emufwiG f ausmif;ocFr;f teD;0ef;usif awmawmif
3/ uAsmt& ausmif;ocFr;f ESihf ywf0ef;usi\ f MunfE;l zG,t f vSukd wpfciG fukd tvSqifjyefonf/ pHy,fyef;½HkwdkYu awmifMum;rSm
ay:viG af tmif o½kyaf zmf a&;om;yg/ ây:viG af tmifa&;yg/ vSsKu d m azG;azG;vSKyyf iG v hf ef;aernf/ a½Tyef;cdik f o&zDwu Ykd vnf;
awmacsmifav;twGi;f oif;&eHY wvSKid v f KSid f ay;aernf/ awmifaMum
pmqd\ k tawG;ESihf ta&; qef;Mu,fykH wpfavQmuf cdk0ifyGifhvef;aeMuoñfh EG,fyef;cGmñdk wdkYudkvnf;
]av;armifph aH usmif;}onf uke;f abmifacwf pmqdBk u;D jrifEikd af yOD;rnf ponfjzifh pdwu f ;l tawG; jzpfum -
OD;ykn\ edAdÁE´zJGU aw;xyfwpfyk'fjzpfygonf/ þaw;xyfwGif ]pHy,fcsyf o&zDacsmifrmS cGmndak wmif cdak tmif;...}
pmqd\ k tawG;^pdwu f ;l ESihf ta&;tzJUG wrYkd mS qef;Mu,fvyS gonf/ [k zJUG qjkd c,freI ;f xm;[ef ½Syd gonf/
pmqdo k nf oHo&m#fqif;&JrmS xGuaf jrmufaMumif; awmxGuf pmqdo k nf ausmif;ocFr;f wGif rnfoYkd cif;usi;f aexdik f
w&m;usifh&mwGif rdrd rSDcdkoDwif;oHk;&m ausmif;ocFrf;av;ESifh oDwif;oH;k onfuv kd nf; csev f yS f rxm;ygacs/ arT;eHo Y mwdYk pkaygi;f í
wnf&mobm0udk rnfoYkd ½Sad pcsiyf gonf[k pmyef;csD zJUGxm;ygonf/ El;El;nHn h ½hH adS tmif pDrx H m;onfh anmifapmif;ckwifukd av;armifh
aw;xyf \ tpwG i f ausmif ; ocF r f ; av;wnf & m pHausmif;wGif cif;ygrnf/ y'kr®mMumouFef;xnfudk ½Hkygrnf/
awmtpyf t0ifvrf;av;udk pdwful;jyonf/ xdak wmpyfwiG f xdo k v Ykd Qif at;csr;f pGm awm&aqmufwnfrI jyKygawmhrnf [laom
jrwfav;yef;½HkwdkY ½Sdrnf[k awG;onf/ ajrnDvrf;uav;½Su d m? tawG; pdwu f ;l udk -
xd k v rf ; eH a b; 0J , m wd k Y w G i f yef ; a'gewd k Y &eH o if ; ysH U v suf ]arT;eHo Y m pkaygi;f vd?Yk Ekanmifapmif;xufrmS
yGifhvef;aernf[k BuHqonf/ pD;qif;aeaom prf;a&wdkYyif y'krm® MumouFe;f i,fEiS hf cgqifjref; awmarGU aysm&f m}
oif;oif;MunfMunf at;at; arT;ysHUaeayonf[k azmfusL; [k zJGUvdkufjyefonf/ qufvufí pHausmif;\ 0if;wHwikd ;f tjzpf
vdkayonf/ xdkYaMumifh - aomf u yef ; wd k Y ½S d u m t0if r k c f O D ; wG i f ZD Z 0gwd k Y u oD ; jcm;
]rkav;½Hk awmtp? a'gevrf;ajrnD yGiv hf ef;rnfukd -
avQmus prf;a&oif;Munfw,f} ]yef;aomfu wHwikd ;f umonf? ZDZ0g rkcjf cm;vd.Yk ...}
[k OD;pGm a&;zJGUvdkufonf/ þtzJGUwdkYwGif ]awmtp} ]a'ge} [k vnf;aumif;? wHcg;wGif cs&m;yef;wdYk oif;BuKd iaf ernfukd -
]avQmus}[k eabum&ef ,loGm;yHkrSmvnf; ydkí ESpfoufzG,f ]...wHcg;u cs&m;BuKd i}f
jzpfapygonf/ [k vnf ; aumif ; ? oif ; ysH U vS o nf h yef ; ,k Z ewd k Y j zif h
ajrnDvrf;uav;ESifh reD;ra0;wGif a&uefomudk awmNrKd iBf u;D wpfcv k ;kH arGUavsmzf , G f ½Sad ernfukd -
jrifEikd o f nf/ uefaygi½f ;kd ESihf acsmif;eHab; urf;pyfwpfavQmufwiG f ],kZe r[mNrKd irf mS ..}
yef;a½TESif;qDwdkY yGifhvef; oif;xHkpGm ½SdaeOD;rnf/ þtawG; [k vnf;aumif; tcsK;d rsm; qifu h mqifu h m zJUG Ny;D aemuf þodv Yk Qif
pdwu f ;l udk - at;csr;f om,m ½Sad eygvQif armifBu;D u ]urÇmwdik f rS;D r,f yav;}[k
]a½TEiS ;f qD uefacsmif;} qdck siaf Mumif; tqH;k owf azmfjyvdu k yf gonf/
[k zJUG vu kd af wmhonf/ ]av;armif h p H a usmif ; } aw;xyf w G i f ^ rS pmqd k \
þodkY om,maom t&yfjzpfaMumif; jrifomapNyD; pd w f u l ; ÚmPf q ef ; Mu,f y H k ^ tawG ; ES i f h ta&;ud k þod k Y v Q i f
aemufwiG f pmqdo k nf ausmif;ocFr;f av;udk ae&mcs&ef twGuf avhvmcGi&hf ygownf;/ âvhvmajzqdt k yfygownf;/ /
uefa&jyifodkY xdk;xGufaeaom ukef;ajrtilav;udk zefwD;
vduk jf yefonf/ yef;pum;0gwYkd zH;k vTr;f xm;onf/ vGr;f armzG,yf if/
þpum;0gtilav;ü armifBu;D pHjref;rnfh ausmif;ocFr;f av;udk
eHYomjzLom;wdkYjzifh zefwD;toHk;jyK aqmufvkyfxm;rnf[k
12/ tuRew
f Ykd v,f aumufpu
kd w
f ek ;f u igwd k Y v ,f r sm;wG i f aumuf p d k u f M upOf t cgu
NyHK;jyoGm;onfh wpfa,muf ,cky&dowfxJwGif ygavrvm;[k
([efcsif;) (aus;vuf½dk;&maw;) ar;Muygao;onf/
at;aumif; ysKd ½, G ?f oli,fcsi;f wd?Yk v,fawmfwiG ;f u rsm;wawG/ ½dSorQ tukefxkwfum tpGrf;ukefjyifqifxm;onfh
wdrYk suEf mS rSm eHo Y majymufvYkd igtwdkYtvSudk jrifprf;apcsifvSygonf/ oif;jrifomatmif
vSn;f pmacguu f kd tdik t f ikd af t;atmif aoG;Muygat/ tzmwpf & mcef Y ½ d S o nf h ig;a&mif p yf ajymuf u sm;y0gud k o m
yef;xdrf vufc ray;&? xef;yifBu;D u jzpfonfah ½Tukd ajr§mufjyvdkufprf;ygatwdkY/ /
ql;yef;uH;k awG? oG,b f ,ufEiS hf ay½Guv f yd Bf u;D em;awmif;qif [efcsif;
,OfEikd af tmif ,Ofvu kd cf snhf avSyGJ? a&yGJ? rD;yGJ? aumufpdkufyGJ? aumuf&dwfyGJ?
atmifyifv,f½mG r½dik ;f wdik ;f a½Tjynhf vufem;/ vGeq f yJG pJG onf wdüYk wpfO;D ESiw hf pfO;D ? wpfe,fEiS w hf pfe,f? olx Y ufyg
av;&mhEpS q f ,f? teHi,fwx kd bDEiS hf zsit f uØsD opfacguq f ;dk rdYk
tom &a&;twGuf tNyKd it f qdik t f Edik v
f &k mwGif rdrbd ufawmfom;wdYk
csKy½f ;kd awG oDwpfwef;rSm oef;udu k v f Ykd r,m;/ [efu, kd zhf Ykd jzpfEikd af pa&; twGuf pyfqx kd m;aom *kP&f nfjyuAsm
uRcJ wfonf[ h ef csAsmqH pHyk g;½du k u f kd cgvu kd cf snfh wdt wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh ukd,f&nfaoG;uAsm[k
Yk ysKrd mS ,Ofeudk
rlMupd/Yk qdEk ikd o
f nf/
rk½;kd jzLqefacGx;kH rSm uk;H yefvYkd jcm;jcm;/ [efcsif;tp? a½Tbdku[k qdk ½dk;½dSonf/ a½TbdkNrdKU
tuRew f v Ykd ,faumufpu kd w f ek ;f u (tavmif;bk&m; acwf)? ukef;abmifacwf yxrydkif;(1115-
NyKH ;vdu k t f aumif[m&,f? oif ;yg&UJ vm;ath/ 1143)cef Y w G i f pwif a y:ayguf c J h r nf [ k rS e f ; qMuonf /
yH;k zmarSmufqif wdv Yk w S ek ;f udk jrifywJah tmif ig;rsK;d qif y0gajymufrmS a,muf s m;[ef c sif ; ? rd e f ; r[ef c sif ; [k ½d S o nf / a&;zG J U y H k r S m
'H;k csi;f yHpk EH iS q hf ifonf/ [efuonft h cg vl 20? 25? 30 txd
tzmawG wpf&mavmufukd a[m ajrmS ufvYkd jyprf;/ tzGUJ vu kd f uavh½o Sd nf/
teuf ,ck [efcsi;f rSm aumufpu kd o f rrsm; ud, k &f nfaoG;í
EkysKt d ½G,af umif; oli,fcsi;f taygi;f wd/Yk rsm;pGmaom [efa&;jyaom aumufpu kd b f UJG [efcsi;f jzpfonf/
igwYkd wawGonf v,fawmtwGi;f ü [efu u&awmhrnf/ ud, k pf D
udk,fpD vSvSyy jzpfzdkYvnf; vdkonf/ igwdkUrsufESmay:wGif tuRef [efcsif; rnfrqif;? a½TbdkNrKdU 'Hk;csif;
eH U o mwif z d k Y & m vS n f ; pmacguf u d k o m td k i f a eatmif a oG ; ? 20 - 30 pkzJGUvdkuf? avS a& rD; pdkuf vGefqJGvdkuf
at;aeatmif vdr;f Mu&ygrnf/ igwrYkd mS yef;wdrcf ? a½Tz;kd ray;&
ruke&f onfh tqifwefqmrsm;vnf; qifMuygrnf/ xef;½GuEf k ar;cGe;f ½Sn^f ar;cGe;f a[mif; avhvmyg/
0if;0if;0g0gav;rsm;udk a½Ttjzpfrw S , f u
l m vufaumuf? qGBJ uKd ; 1/ ....uAsmrS v,forl av;rsm;\ b0ESihf tvSukd
qif M uygonf / ql ; yef ; uH k ; ud k b,uf v k y f qG J y gonf / wifjyyg/
ay½Gufvdyfudk em;0,fyefvdkufygonf/ vSy,Ofaus;EdkiforQ ^wGif awGU&aom aumufpu kd o f rav;rsm;\ b0ESihf pdwx f m;udk
tpGr;f ukef qif,ifjc,fovdu k Mf uygNy/D aejynfawmfBu;D teD;pyfu ay:vGifatmif wifjyyg/^...tcsif;csif; ajymqdkyHkt& 4if;wdkY\
atmifyifv,forl sm; jzpfí ½dik ;f onft h rl r½d/S ,OfvyS gbad wmhonf/ pdwx f m;udk rnfoYkd od&oenf;/ ^ b0o½kyu f kd ay:viG af tmif
igw0Ykd wfonfh av;&mhEpS q f ,f csnMf urf;xbDrmS teH a&;yg/
wdkvSygonf/ zsOftusÐrSm opfacgufqdk;jzpfonf/ csKyf½dk;rsm; 2/ ...wGif awGU&aom aumufpu kd of rav;rsm;\ b0ESihf pdwx f m;udk
wpfavQmuf oef;rsm; twef;vdkuf oDwG,faeayao;onf/ rnfoYkd a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/^....rnfoYkd o½kyaf zmf a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/
oef;rsm;u rnfrQyif udu k yf gap igwrYkd mS ,m;rSe;f yif rodMuawmhyg/ (ajzjyxm;onf)
ud, k pf u
D Mu&mü AsmygqaH v;ESpzf ufpu D yg;ESpzf ufukd 3/ ....uAsmrS v,forl av;rsm;\ b0ESihf tvS o½kyaf zmftzJUGrsm;udk
xduyf vsu½f o Sd nf/ u&if;cke&f if; acgi;f cgvu kd o
f nft h cgrsm;wGif wifjyyg/ (avhusi&hf ef)
uRJcwfonfh [eftvm; ,OfvSygonf/ qHyifacGxHk;xm;&mü
rk½dk;yef;jzLwdkY oDuHk;yefqifxm;&m xl;xl;jcm;jcm; vSaernf
xifygonf/ yifu, kd Of igwt Ykd ysKad csmrsm;rSm [eftrlyv kd ukd Mf uygpUkd /

ajyjyaeayao;onf/ ½d;k ½d;k ½Si;f ½Si;f bGi;f bGi;f orm;rsm;aywnf;/
P81
1/ v,forl av;rsm;\ b0ESihf tvS
( taMumif;t&mydkif; ) ^ ( ausmif;om; ½Iaxmifh ) aus;awmolp½du k f yDvo S nf[k qdck siyf gonf/ oem;zG,yf if/
]tuRefwdkYv,f aumufpdkufwkef;u} [efcsif;onf odaYk omf tm;ri,f½mS -
aus;vuf ½d;k &m aw;uAsmwpfy'k jf zpfonf/ uke;f abmifacwf ]uRcJ wfonh[ f ef? csAsmqH pHyk g;½du k u
f kd
rEÅav;NrKd U ta½SUbuf atmifyifv,f½mG ol aumufpu kd o f rwd\Yk cgvu kd cf snfh wdt Yk ysKrd mS ? ,Ofeudk rlMupd/Yk }
tqiftjyif? t0wftpm;? taetxdkif? [eftrlt&mponfh ]rk½;kd jzLqHacGx;kH rSm uke;f yefvjYkd cm;jcm;/}
b0o½kyu f kd awGUjrifEikd o f nf/ ponfjzifh tcsi;f csi;f tm;ay;Mujyefonf/ yifu, kd Ofol igwYkd
uAsmtpwGif - tysKad csmrsm; [eftrl ydv k u kd Mf uygp[ Ykd yk if tazmfnu d§ m aysm½f iT jf rL;
]at;aumif;ysK½d , G ?f oli,fcsi;f wdYkd xl;aeMuonf/ olwb Ykd 0 olwt Ykd m;rmefEiS hf vGwv f yf aysm½f iT íf
v,fawmfwiG ;f u? rsm;wpfawG} aeMuonf/
[k qku d m bk&ifv h rdik ;f v,fawmfwiG f aumufpu kd w f m0ef ,lMu olwb Ykd 0rSmwpfa,mufEiS w hf pfa,muf -
&yHu
k kd jrifEikd of nf/ aumufpu kd yf w GJ iG f EkysKtd ½G,af umif; i,faygi;f ]tuRew f vYkd ,faumufpu kd w f ek ;f u
jzpforl sm; [efcsi;f qd&k if; [efu uMuzdYk taMumif; qdik v f monf/ NyKH ;vdu k w f t hJ aumif[m&,f? oif;yg&UJ vm;ath/}
þwGif 4if;wd\ Yk [efcsi;f ü olwb Ykd 0o½kyu f fkd - [k ar;a,mifjyKum-
]wdrYk suEf mS rSm eHUomajymufvYkd ]yH;k zmarSmufqif? wdv Yk w S ek ;f udk jrifywJah tmif
vSn;f pmacguu f kd tdik t f ikd af t;atmif aoG;Muygat} ig;rsK;d qif y0gajymufrmS tzmawGwpf&mavmufukd
[lí awGUEikd jf yefonf/ oeyfcg;ppfppfu f kd roH;k Edik íf vSn;f pmacguu f kd a[majrm§ uf vdjYk yprf;/}
vdr;f us&H aom b0tajc jzpfonf/ [lí aysmfwwf? jyufwwfjyefygonf/ olwdkYqifxm;orQ
xdrk Qruao;yg - jyifxm;orQrmS trSepf ifppfwiG f *kP, f 0l if<h um; avmufp&mr½d/S
]ql;yef;uH;k awG oG,b f ,ufEiS hf txifBu;D p&m rufp&mr½d/S odaYk omf r½dq S if;&Jonfh t&if;cHukd
ay½Guv f yd Bf u;D em;awmif;qif twdik ;f om; awGUjrifae&aom þb0 þtjzpfudkyif tjypf[k
,OfEikd af tmif ,Ofvu kd cf sn.hf ...........} oabmrxm;/ ½d&S mjzpf&m tajctaewGif a&mif&h J vG,w f wfonfh
[kqu kd m yef;wdrcf ? a½Tz;kd rukeu f sonfh tqifwefqmrsm;udk þpdwfxm; ^"avh ^p½dkufrsdK;onfyif olwdkYb0\ tESpfom&
qifMuygao;onf/ xef;½GuEf k 0if;0if;0g0g uav;rsm;udk a½Ttjzpf tvS[k qdo k ifv h aS csonf/ cspcf ifEpS o f uf zG,?f a&mif&h NJ ird ;f at;
rSw, f u l m vufaumuf? qGBJ uKd ; vkyíf qifMuonf/ ql;yef;uH;k zG,yf if/
udk b,ufvkyfqJGonf/ ay½Gufvdyfudk em;awmif; qifonf/ þonfwyYkd ifvQif atmifyifv,faumufpu kd of rwd\ Yk
b0ay;orQESifh vSatmifqifum aysmf½Tifwwfaom b0ESit hf vS^pdwx f m;p½du k [ f k qdck siyf gownf;/ /
pdwx f m;tvSukd jrif&jcif;jzpfygonf/ t½d;k cH uav;ESihf wifw h ,f 2/ v,forl av;wdYk \ b0ESihf pdwx f m;p½du k of ½kyaf zmfykH
atmif jyKjyifMujcif;onfyif olwb Ykd 0"avh jzpfaMumif; odjrifciG hf ( pmqdk ½Iaxmifh ) ^ ( ta&;tzJUG yikd ;f )
&ygonf/ ]tuRefwdkYv,f aumufpdkufwkef;u} [efcsif;onf
aumufpu kd o f rav;rsm;rSm tqifwefqm csKUd wo hJ nf uke;f abmifacwf aus;vuf½;kd &maw;wpfy'k f jzpfygonf/
om r[kw/f t0wfwefqmrSmvnf; qif;&JvyS gonf/ - rEÅav;NrKUd ta½SUbuf atmifyifv,f½mG ol v,forl
]av;&mESpq f ,f? av;wd\ Yk b0ESiphf w d xf m;p½ku d w
f Ykd ay:viG af tmif a&;zJUG xm;onfh
teHi,fwkd xbDEiS ?hf zsOt f uso Ð pfacguq f ;kd rd.Yk .......} aumufpu kd rf [efcsi;f uAsmaw; jzpfygonf/
[k qd½k o kH mru - atmifyifv,f½Gmol v,folrav;wdkYonf bk&ifh
]csKy½f ;kd awGow D pfwef;rSm? oef;udu k vf rYkd ,m;} v,fawmf pdu k yf sK;d a&;udk wm0ef,Ml u&onf/ vrdik ;f v,fawmf
[lí oef;wG,o f nftxd xnfvrJ ½dS 0wf&yHu k kd tNyKH ;taysmf rysuf aumufpu kd yf w GJ iG f EkysKt
d ½G,af umif; i,faygi;f jzpfow l Ykd qHrk Md u&m
[efcsi;f qdu k m [efuzdt Yk aMumif; qdik v f mcJoh nfukd - yef;uH;k jzifh qif,ifxm;onfrmS vnf; xl;xl;jcm;jcm; vSyaeay
]at;aumif;ysK½d , G f oli,fcsi;f wdYk onf/ odEYk iS hf ]]yifu, kd Ofol igwYkd tysKad csmrsm; [efyefr&l mydk
v,fawmfwiG ;f u rsm;wpfawG} uJvu kd Mf uygp}Ykd } [líyif tazmfñu dS m aysm½f iT f jrL;wl;wwf Mujyef
[k qdu k mtcsi;f csi;f tazmfño dS nfh avoHygatmif a&;zJUGxm; onf/ onf/ þtrlt&mav;rsm;udk -
odaYk omf olwrYkd mS [efuuzd&Yk m tvSjyif&mü tqifwef ]uRcJ wfonh[ f ef? csAsmqH pHyk g;½du k u f .kd ...}
qm zG,zf , G &f m&m r½Sad cs/ b0ay;orQEiS hf vSatmifqifum auseyf ]rk½;kd jzLqHacGx;kH rSm uke;f yefvjYkd cm;jcm;/}
usiv f nfNy;D t½d;k cHrQjzifh wifw h ,fatmif tm;xkwf yHu k kd - ponf jzifh zJUG qx kd m;onf/
]wdYk rsuEf mS rSm eHo Y majymufvYkd vSn;f pmacguu f kd *kPyf umoe rJo h nfh olwb Ykd 0wGif vl,b f m0 taysmf
tdik tf ikd af t;atmif aoG;Muygat/} taemufEiS hf uspD ,frI "avhuv kd nf; -
[k qdkonf/ oeyfcg; ppfppfudk roHk;Edkifí vSnf;pmacgufudk ]tuRew f vYkd ,f aumufpu kd w f ek ;f u
vdrf;usH &onfh b0 jzpfonf/ odkYaomf þodkYaom b0tajcudk NyKH ;jyvdu k wf hJ taumif[m&,f? oif;yg½UJ vm;a[h}
ruG,f0Suf/ tm;i,frIvnf; rjzpf/ a&mifh&J aysmf½Tifonfh [k ar;a,mifjyKy?kH
pdwx f m;^p½du k f ydik ½f iS rf sm; jzpfayonf/ ]ig;rsK;d qif y0gajymufrmS ? tzmawG wpf&mavmufukd
Munfyh g/ yef;wdrcf ? a½Tz;kd rukeu f sonfh tqifwefqm a[majrmS ufvYkd jyprf;/}
wduYk kd 0wfEikd ?f qifEikd o f nf[k qdu k m xef;½GuEf ?k xef;zl;Ek 0if;0if; [lí aysmjf yufwwf[ef trlt&mwdjYk zifh zJUG qx kd m;ygonf/
0g0gav;wdu Yk kd a½Ttjzpf&nfrw S v f suf vufaumuf? qJBG uKd ; ponf tuRef w d k Y v ,f a umuf p d k u f w k e f ; u [ef c sif ; wG i f
zefw;D jyKvyk f 0wfqifMuonf/ ql;yef;uH;k udk b,uf &wemtjzpf atmifyifv,fol aumufpu kd o
f rav;wd\ Yk b0"avh^ pdwx f m;
vnfrmS qJo G nf/ ay½Guu f kd vdyu f m em;awmiftjzpf yefqifonf/ p½du
k w f u Ykd kd þodv Yk Qif a&;zJUG xm;ygownf;/ /
þodkYaom "avh obm0udk -
]ql;yef;uH;k awG oG,b f ,ufEiS hf
tuRefwdkYv,f aumufpdkufwkef;urS tvuFmavhvmcsuf
ay½Guv f yd Bf u;D em;awmif;qif 51/ xef;yifBuD;u jzpfonfha½T (0uF0kwåd)
,OfEikd af tmif ,Ofvu kd cf snhf ]tuRef w d k Y v ,f aumuf p d k u f w k e f ; u}uAsmwG i f
atmifyifv,f ½Gmr½dik ;f ? wdik ;f a½Gjynfh vufem;/ } obm0ay;orQESifh vSatmifqifonfudk aumufpdkuforav;rsm;
[k xkwaf zmf zJUG qakd vonf/ ajymqdkonfh pum;tjzpf oHk;xm;onf/
]0if ; 0gaom xef ; ½G u f E k j zif h jyKvk y f x m;onf h
v,folrav;wdkYrSm tqifwefqm csKdUwJhonfom
tqifwefqm} [k wdkuf½dkuf rqdkbJ ]xef;yifBuD;u jzpfonfha½T}[k
r[kwyf g/ t0wfwefqmwGiv f nf; EGr;f yg;vSygonf/ pdwx f m;url oG,f0dkuf zJGYqdkxm;aomaMumifh 0uF0kwådtvuFm ajrmufygonf/
yGiv hf if;vSum ½d;k ½d;k ½Si;f ½Si;f bGi;f bGi;f orm;rsm;[k qdo k ifo h nf/ 52/ uRJcwfonhf[ef ( Oyrm )
þp½du k o f nfyif olw\ Ykd b0? olw\ Ykd tvS[v k nf; qdEk ikd yf gonf/ d [ef
].........} wGif rdrw kd efuonfh trlt&mudk aumufpu
Y[ kd of r
xdaYk Mumifv h nf; uAsmwGif - av;wdkY udk,fwdkif trTrf;wif oDqdkonfh pum;tjzpf oHk;xm;ygonf/
]av;&mhEpS q f ,f? teHi,f wdx k bDEiS hf aumufpu kd of rav;rsm; [efuu OD;acgi;f ,dr;f EGpYJ Of Asmyg
zsit f uÐsopfacguq f ;kd rd}Yk qHav;ESpfzuf vSKyfcwfaeyHk(tEdIif;cH)udk uJRcwfonfhtcg OD;csdLESpfzuf
[k qd½k o kH mru? vSKyfcwfyHk (tEdIif;)ESifh trlt&mtoGif*kPf&nfwltjzpf cdkif;EdIif;xm;
aomaMumifh Oyrm tvuFmajrmufygonf/
]csKy½f ;kd awG oDwpfwef;rSm? oef;udu k vf Ykd r,m;}
[lí xnfvJr½Sd? oef;wG,fonfxd 'Hk;cH 0wfqifMu&onfh 53/ yHk;zmarSmufqif ( 0uF0kwåd )
].........}wGif [efu uyJüG tvSq;kH jyifqifvmyHu k kd xkwaf z:
b0"avhukd xkwaf zmf a&;zJUG xm;ygonf/ oDqo kd nfh aumufpu kd o f rav;rsm;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
olwYkd ud, k pf D uMu&mwGif AsmygqaH v;rsm;u yg;ESpzf uf ]½SdorQt0wfwefqmwdkYjzifh tpG r f ; uk e f tvS j yif q if
udk ½du k cf wfaewwfonf/ xdpk OfjrifEikd o f nft h vSrmS uRcJ wfonfh onf }[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]yHk;zmarSmufqif}[k oG,f0dkuf zJGUqdkxm;
[eftvm; vSyonf[k qdo k nf/ OD;acgi;f xuf qHacGx;kH udk rk½;kd jzL aomaMumifh 0uF0kwådtvuFmajrmufygonf/
udkvdkeDacwfESifh aemufydkif; uAsmrsm;
(13) oif a ooG m ;aom
;aomff oifaoaZmf[efhhhhhhhh
aMomf....vlYjynfavmu? vlb Y 0um; td&k em& ao&OD;rnf rSeaf yonfwnf/h odw Yk Ny;D um;...oifaooGm;aomf....../
oifzmG ;aomajr? oifwaYkd jronf? tajcwd;k jrifh useaf umif;oif\h /
oif\rsK;d om;? pmpum;vnf;? Bu;D yGm;wufjrifh useaf umif;oif\h /
oifO;D csí trQa0&m? apwDomESi?hf opömta&mif ÓmPfwefaqmifvnf;? ajymifvsuf 0if;vsuf useaf pownf;/
( oifao aZmf [ef? udkeD qef zsm? jrefrm r[m? tD;r[m? pmMunfhwdkufynm
rSdKif; odef; usm; #Dum yav;wdk;vnf; ed'gef;yg )
q&maZmf*sD(1907-1990)
trnf&if; OD;ode;f [ef/ zsmyHZk mwd/
zsmyHt k rsK;d om;txufwef;ausmif;? &efuek f NrKd UrtrsK;d om; txufwef;ausmif;? &efuek w f uúov kd rf S jrefrmpm r[m0dZmÆ bJUGEiS hf t*Fvyd pf m
r[m0dZmÆ bJUG ? vef'efwuúov kd Ef iS hf 'yfAvifwuúov kd w
f rYkd S pmMunfw
h u
kd yf nm 'Dyvdrk mbJUG /
&efuek w f uúov kd pf mMunfw Y u kd rf ;I ? wuúov kd rf sm;A[kpd mMunfU wdu k rf ;I ? pmayqdik &f m ynma&;qdik &f m wm0eftrsK;d rsK;d xrf;aqmifc/hJ
acwfprf;pmayvIy½f mS ;rIukd OD;aqmifo/l
xif½Sm;aom vuf&mrsm;-
ydawmufa½T0guAsmrsm; ar;cGe;f wdk
aA'gvrf;uAsmrsm; (1) pmMunfw h ukd yf nm'Dyvdrk mudk rnfonfw h uúov
kd w
f rYkd S &oenf;/
aZmf*sD uAsmaygi;f csKyf (2) q&maZmf*saD &;onfh jyZmwfwpfy'k u f m; tb,fenf;/
a½S;acwfy*k u H Asmrsm;ESihf tjcm;uAsmrsm; (3) 4if;\ xif½Sm;aom uAsmpkum; tb,fenf;/
r[mqefcsio f l jyZmwf (5) ]tajcwd;k jrif}h qdo k nfrmS rnfo h nft h euf aqmifoenf;/
ocifu, kd af wmfridI ;f #Dum? ode;f ESiu hf sm; #Dum
yav;wd;k ed'ge;f (6) &opmay eD
' ge ;
f ^tzG
i u
h
f k
d rnf o a
l &;oenf;/
&opmaytzGi?hf &opmayed'ge;f (7) yav;wd;k ed'ge;f udk rnfoal &;oenf;/
rd;k Mu,frv Ykd m;(Edbk ,fqk 0w¬Kwrkd sm;) (8) pmMunfw h u kd f qdik &f m tjrifq h ;kH &mxl;wm0ef
vrf;opfEiS hf tjcm;0w¬Kwrkd sm; um; tb,fenf;/
eifvm;[Jh csp'f u k E© iS hf tjcm;...
ar;cGe;f ½Sn^f ar;cGe;f a[mif; ( avhvmyg/ )
1/ pmqdu k pmzwfot l m; rnfoaYkd qG;aEG;vrf;nTex
f m;oenf;/ q&maZmf*s\D rsK;d csppf w
d f tawG;tjrifukd rnfow Ykd ifjyxm; oenf;/
q&maZmf*s\D apwemudk ay:viG af tmif rnfoYkd a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/
2/ Edik if oH m;aumif;wpfO;D \wm0efukd rnfoYkd a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/
pmqdo k nf Edik if EH iS hf vlrsK;d twGuf xrf;aqmif&rnfh wm0ef? 0wå&m;rsm;udk rnfoYkd vrf;jy wdu k w
f eG ;f xm;oenf;/
3/ uAsmu ay;aom todtjrifudk wifjyyg/ uAsmu ay;aom todtjrifukd rSwo f m;zG,f wifjyyg/ ^...............uAsmrS
Edik if o
H m;aumif; wpfa,muf\ wm0efukd azmfxw k w
f ifjyyg/ uAsmwGif awGU&aom Ekid if oH m;aumif; wpfO;D \ wm0efrsm;udk azmfjyyg/
4/ pmqdk\ &nf½G,fcsuf tawG;ESifh ta&; ta&;udk wifjyyg/

]]oifaooGm;aomf}}rS EdkifiHom;aumif;wpfOD;\wm0ef^ vufqifu h rf; rQa0Edik zf Ykd vdyk gonf/ oAÁnKwÚmPfawmfocif
oifaooGm;aomfu ay;onfh todtjrif a[mMum;awmfro l nfh opömav;yg; w&m;awmf xGe;f vif;apa&;?
Edik if o
H m;aumif;wpfa,muf\ wm0efukd udv k ekd aD cwf apwD? ykx;kd ? bk&m;? ausmif;? uef? Z&yf? wefaqmif; tppwdu Yk kd
uAsmwpfy'k f jzpfaom]oifaooGm;aomf}wGif awGU jrifEikd o f nf/ wwfprG ;f orQ xde;f odr;f apmifah ½SmufomG ;Edik af &; *½kjyKoifv
h yS gonf/
pmqdkrSm q&maZmf*sD jzpfonf/ uAsmpmom; wd k a wmif ; aomf v nf ; oabmoG m ;
uAsm\tpwGi-f teufrSm us,fajymvSygonf/ aojcif;w&m;udk rnfolrqdk
]aBomf..... vlYjynfavmu? vlYb0um; &ifqdkif&rnf/ EdkifiHtwGuf? vlrsKd;twGuf? bmompum;
td&k em& ao&OD;rnf rSeaf yonfwnf/h } pmaytwGuf bmomomoemtwGuf aus;Zl;jyKoGm;EdkifrSom
]odkY wNyD;um;...........} raorD vl j zpf & usKd ; eyf u m Ed k i f i H o m;aumif ; wpf O D ;
[k qdx k m;ygonf/ jzpfxu kd af yrnf[al om todtjrifrmS rSwo f m;usiahf qmif zG,yf if
jzpfonf/
vlaY vmu vlb Y 0onf EkysK&d mrS tkMd u&? use;f rmae&mrS
emMu&? ½SifoefNyD;aemuf aoMu&jzifh aus;Zl; rJhvSaMumif; uAsmuay;onf h þtod t jrif w d k Y o nf y if v Qif
qifjcifrdygonf/ þwGif tusKd;eyfap&ef twGuf EdkifiHom; wdkif;jynfESifh vlrsKd;twGuf EdkifiHom;aumif; wpfa,muf
wpfOD;taejzifh rtdk? rem? raorD rnfonfh wm0efwdkYudk xrf;aqmiftyfonf wm0efrsm; jzpfawmhonf[k wifjycsif
aqmif½u G Nf y;D jzpf&rnfenf;[k tawG;yGm;zG,f ½Sv d mygonf/ ygownf;/ /
onft h wGuf qufvufí - pmqdk q&maZmf*s\ D (&nf½,G cf su)f tawG;ESihf ta&;
]oifaooGm;aomf ]oifaooGm;aomf}rSm udkvdkeDacwf acwfprf;pmay
oifzmG ;aomajr? oifwaYkd jronf? vIy½f mS ;rIwiG f a½SaY qmif pmqdw k pfO;D jzpfol q&maZmf*s\ D vuf&m
tajcwd;k jrif?h useaf umif;oif\ h } jzpfygonf/ uAsmwGif EdkifiHom;wdkif; xrf;½GufoGm;oifhonfh
[k wdu k wf eG ;f xm;ygonf/ ud, k &fh yf ud, k afh jr ud,k w
fh ikd ;f jynf\ wm0efwu Ykd kd pmqdu k pmzwfot l m;ñTejf ywdu k w f eG ;f vdo
k nfh apwem
&yfa&;½Gma&;? vlraI &;? pD;yGm;a&; tp½So d nfh ]tajc} t&yf&yfwüYkd xm;cJo h nf/ þonfyif uAsm\ &nf½, G cf suf jzpfawmhonf/
wd;k wufatmif BuaH qmif oGm;oifah yonf[k odjrifcGifh&ygonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh uAsmpmqdkonf ol\tawG;udk
udk,hfvlrsKd;? udk,fh,Ofaus;rIESifh ywfoufívnf; uAsmzwfot l m; rQa0xm;onf[v k nf; qdEk ikd yf gonf/ vlb Y wkH iG f
uAsmwGi-f usiv f nfae&ol avmuvlom; rnforl qdk tdrk if;Mu? a&m*gb,
]oif\ rsK;d om;? pmpum;vnf; ab;'Pfudk cHpm;BuHKawGUMu? tqHk;wGif aoqHk;Mu& paom
Bu;D yGm;wufjrif?h useaf umif;oif\ h } ed * H k ; vm;&mod k Y vl Y b 0onf a½S ; ½I a eayonf / ponf j zif h
[k qd k x m;ygonf / rS e f y gonf / rnf o nf h vl r sd K ;rqd k tawG;yGm;um -
ud, k thf rsKd ;om;a&;? bmompum;pmay Bu;D jrifah &;wdw Yk iG f yg0if ] aMomf..... vlYjynfavmu? vlYb0um;?
pGrf;aqmiftyfonfom jzpfayonf/ odkYrSom trsdK;tEG,fudk td&k em& ao&OD;rnf rSeaf yonfwnf/h }
apmifha½Smufjcif;[lonfh 0HomEk&u©dww&m;ESifhavsmfnDum [lí a&;zJUG vu kd yf gonf/
trsKd ;aumif;om;orD; jzpfEikd rf nf[k rSw, f ol ifo h nf/ wpfqufwnf;rSmyif vlb Y 0onf tcsn;f ES;D ukeq f ;kH
xdjYk yif uAsm\ tcsy'kd üf - roGm;oifh/ wpfpHkwpf&m aus;Zl;jyK oGm;tyfonf/ ponfjzifh
]oifO;D csí? trQa0&m? apwDomESihf wifjyvdkpdwf jzpfay:[ef ½Sdonf/ xdkpdwf? xdkapwemjzifh
opömta&mi?f ÓmPfwefaqmifvnf; uAsm½Iot l m; owday;vdu k yf rkH mS -
ajymifvsuf 0if;vsuf usefapownf;} ]odkYwNyD;um;....}
[k ñTef;qdkxm;jyefonf/ jrefrmwdkYonf rdrdwdkY ,Ofaus;rI [lonfh tawG;pyif jzpfonf/
a&aomufjrpf jzpfonfh tqHk;trw&m;wdkYudk em,lxdefodrf; Ed k i f i H o m;wpf O D ; taejzif h ud k , f h & yf ? ud k , f h a jr?

udk,fhwdkif;jynftwGuf wpfpHkwpf&m wdk;wufatmif BuHaqmif oifaooGm;aomfrS tvuFmavhvmcsuf
P85
vkyfudkifcJhygvQif aoqHk;csdefwGif ao&usKd;eyfayrnf/ þodkY 54/ opömta&mi ta&mif (½lyu)
ñTejf yvdjk cif;onf pmqd\ k apwemjzpfonf; xdaYk Mumifh - ]]oifao oGm;aomf}}uAsmwGif EdkifiHom;wpfOD;
]oifaooGm;aomf........ aqmif ½ G u f oif h a om trsd K ;bmom wm0ef w pf & yf u d k
oifzmG ;aomajr? oifwaYkd jronf pmqdu
k wdu k w f eG ;f &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/
tajcwd;k jrif?h useaf umif;oif\ h /} yuwdtrSeo f abmudk xif½mS ;azmfjywwfykH *kP&f nfwl
[k a&;zJUG vrf;ñTev f u kd yf gonf/ þtcsurf mS t&if;cHusvo S nf/ tjzpf opömw&m;(tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf ta&miftvif;(tEdiI ;f )wdUkukd xyfwNl yK
a&;zJUG xm;aomMumifh ½lyutvuFmajrmufygonf/
xdkYjyif udk,fhtrsdK;om;a&;? bmompum;ESifh pmay
ta&;wdkYwGifvnf; pGrf;aqmif tyfayao;onf[k pmqkdu 55/ ÚmPfwefaqmif(½lyu)
awG;onf/ odkYrSom trsdK;tEG,fudk apmifha½Smufjcif;[lonfh ]]oifao oGm;aomf}}uAsmwGif EdkifiHom;wpfOD;
w&m;ESihf avsmn f ED ikd af yrnf/ þtawG;udv k nf; - aqmif ½ G u f oif h a om trsd K ;bmom wm0ef w pf & yf u d k
]oif\ rsK;d om;? pm;pum;vnf; pmqdu
yuwd o abmud k cJ G j cm;od j rif E d k i f p G r f ; ½S d a pyH k
Bu;D yGm;wufjrif?h useaf umif;oif\ h }
*kPf&nfwltjzpf t jzpf ÚmPfynm(tEdIif;cH)ESifh wefaqmifqDrD;
[k a&;zJUG wifjyonf/
(tEd I i f ; )wd k U ud k xyf w l N yK a&;zJ G U xm;aomMumif h
avmuwGif rdrdwdkY udk;uG,ftm;xm;&m ,Ofaus;rI ½lyutvuFmajrmufygonf/
a&aomufjrpf jzpfonfh tqHk;trw&m;wdkYudk em,lxdefodrf; 56/ opömta&mif ÚmPfwefaqmif(½lyu)
vufqifu h rf; rQa0Edik zf rYkd mS vnf; ta&;ygvo S nf/ xdo k Ykd wdu
k wf eG ;f ]]oifao oGm;aomf}}uAsmwGif EdkifiHom;wpfOD;
vdok nfh apwemjzifh - aqmif ½ G u f oif h a om trsd K ;bmom wm0ef w pf & yf u d k
] oifO;D csí? trQa0&m? apwDomESihf pmqdu
opömta&mi?f ÓmPfwefaqmifvnf; yuwdoabmudk ydik ;f jcm;odjrifEidk pf rG ;f ½Sad pyHk *kP&f nfwl
ajymifvsuf 0if;vsuf usefapownf; } tjzpf o pö m w&m;(tEd I i f ; cH ) ES i f h ta&mif t vif ; (tEd I i f ; )?
[lí tvuFmajrmuf zJUG ov D u
kd yf gonf/ ÚmPfynm(tEdIif;cH)ESifh wefaqmifqDrD;(tEdIif;)wdkUudk xyfwljyK
þuAsmwGif ]tajc}[laom pum;onf &yfa&;? a&;zJUG xm;aomaMumifh ½lyutvuFmajrmufygonf/
½Gma&;rSpum Edik if aH &;? pD;yGm;a&; paom ta&;t&mtm;vH;k udk
vTr;f NcKH onfh MoZ*kPf ajrmuftzJUG jzpfygonf/ ]Bu;D yGm;wufjrif}h oifaooGm;aomfrS a0g[m& 0guszUGJ avhusichf ef;rsm;
[lonfh MoZ*kPaf jrmuftzJUG rmS vnf; tusK;d aus;Zl;jzpfxeG ;f aom (22) OD;cs / / 0guRwf"avhESifh tnD ½Sdcdk; aeonfh ajr;i,fukd
(22
oabmteufukd xdrad ponf/ bd;k bd;k u qkay;aeygonf/
]usefaumif;oifh\}[k txyfxyfzJGUonYf wdkufwGef; (23) trQa0// jrefrmwdUk onf aumif;rSKjyKwikd ;f wpfyg;ol wdt
Yk m;
pum;uvnf; touf½iS o f efpOf raoqH;k rDtwGi;f aqmif½u G &f ukov kd yf mG ;onfh tavht& pNrJ jzpfygonf/
rnfh tcGit hf vrf;ESihf tajctaewdu Yk kd xif½mS ; av;eufapygonf
]apwDom}[laom tzJUG av;rSmvnf; ESpo f ufz, G &f o ay;um (24) tajc/ / rD', D mwdYk aus;Zl;jzifh ,aeYjrefrmh rnfodkY
uAsmqef v S y gonf / ]opö m ta&mif ÓmPf w ef a qmif } [k ½So
d nfukd urÇmu jrifEikd af vNy/D
½lyuqif,ifvdkufyHkrSmvnf; opömw&m;\ xGef;vif;EdkifpGrf;udk ^,aeY yk*Hajrudk avhvmaxmufcsifhum a½S;yk*Hom;wdkU\
av;eufapygonf/ rnfrQ jrifrh m;aMumif;ukd wGuqf Edik yf gonf/
uAsm½Sio f nf uAsm½Iol uREw fk u Ykd kd ]oif}[k wdu k ½f u
kd f
ñTe;f qdu k m vd&k if;xdrad om a&;[efjzifh olt Y awG; olaY pwemwdu Yk kd
þodv Yk Qif xif½mS ;ay:viG af tmif azmfñeT ;f a&;zJUG xm;ygownf;/

(14) ol&Jaumif;oHk;a,mufESifh c&D;onf atmifjrifNy;D olrsm; twGuf vnf;aumif; tpOf vrf;jyay;aeaom
uAsm jzpf a Mumif ; avh v mwif j yyg/ uAsmu ñT e f j yaom
pH&k yd Nf rKd iqf ,G ?f uEÅmv,f tdb k ,f a,mufsm; c&D;oGm;/ b0cH,cl suEf iS hf tm;ay;rIukd oH;k oyfwifjyyg/
azmfvnf;rqG,f wpfu, kd if ,f? tdb k ,fvo l m; atmifjrifvdkolrsm;twGuf tpOfvrf;jyay;aeaomuAsm jzpfaMumif; avhvm wifjyyg/
aMumufb;l vm;/ atmifjrifa&; vrf;ñTefuAsm jzpfaMumif; avhvmoHk;oyf wifjyyg/
þodYk ar;aomf.... ½Tiaf t;Munfom? NyKH ;rsuEf mS jzifh
tdb kd mudk axmuf? aMumuf&rvJ 2/ pmqdak iGwm&Donf owå?d ZG?J vHv Yk wd\Yk ta&;ygyu kH kd rnfoYkd
o[Jazmfñ?dS owåd ½SNd y?D cspo f nfh o[m? ZGv J nf;ygí a&;zJx YG m;oenf;/ pmqd\k &nf½, G cf suEf iS hf ta&;tzJUG ukd wifjyyg/
ruGmxyfavmif; pmqd\k &nf½, G cf suuf kd azmfjyí &nf½, G cf suf ay:viG v f matmif
i,fu aygi;f onf?h aqGaumif;vHv Yk ? wlwuGwnf/h rnfoYkd a&;zJUG xm;aMumif; wifjyyg/ uAsmwGif owå?d ZG?J vHUk vwdEYk iS hf
ab;uwl,OS ?f ygcv hJ Qiaf omf? igw h iG f aocsm jynfph ykH gu atmifjrifEikd af Mumif;udk rnfow Ykd ifjyxm;oenf;/
atmifz&Ykd mwnf/h 3/ uAsm pmqdkESifh c&D;oGm;a,mufsm;wdkY tar; tajz jyKMuyHkudk
a,mufsm; igu, kd ?f jru G [ f qd?k azmfrvdb k ?J ay:vGifatmif wifjyyg/ (ar;cGef; 1 ESifh 3 udk rysufruGuf avhusifyg)
wpfu, kd wf nf;/ ol&aJ umif;oH;k a,mufEiS hf c&D;onf uAsm\ &nf½, G cf suEf iS hf wifjyyHk
awmfayh vlarmf yJw G ikd ;f ausmf aiGwm&D\ ]ol&Jaumif; oHk;a,mufESifh c&D;onf}
oH;k azmf aqGvnf;? wl,OS w f o GJ nf uAsmonf owå?d ZG?J vHv Yk wd\ Yk ta&;ygyu kH kd odjrifwefz;kd xm;
atmifNrJ rkcs? atmifrnfy/ / tm;ud;k jyKapvdo k nfh apwem&nf½, G cf sujf zifh zJUG xm;ygonf/
ol&J aiG&D a':cif&?D tDpyG v f wG v f yfurÇm½Snf xdktodtjrifudk ay;&mwGif c&D;Murf; awmeuf0,f
qkEiS hf qkEiS hf aiGwm&D wpfu, kd w
f nf; c&D;oGm;a,mufsm;udk pl;prf;ar;jref;[efjzifh pmqdu k
a&;zJUG wifjyonf/
aiGwm&D (1925-1958) touf 33 ESpf uAsmwGif pm;? 0wf? aerI avmu"H edrfhjrifhwdkYudk
trnf&if; a':cif&D/ &efukefNrdKUZmwd/ &efukef jzwfoef;ae&onfh vlom;\ tjzpfudk ]c&D;oGm;a,musfm;}[k
rde;f uav;ausmif; ud;k wef;xd/ jrefrmpmayESihf Edik if jH cm;pmayudk &nfñeT ;f xm;onf/ vlom;wdik ;f rvJ&G ifqikd &f rnfh b0jyóem
ynm½Sirf sm;xHwiG f qufvuf qnf;yl;\/ tcuftcJ wdkYudk ]awmeufc&D;Murf;}jzifh wifpm;azmfusL;
uAsmyk'fa& 800 ausmf/ 0w¬Kwdk? 0w¬K½Snf? yHkjyif/ xm;onf/ tcuftcJ Bu;D rm;onfEiS t hf rQ ajz½Si;f &ifqikd &f onfh
xkwfa0NyD;pmtkyfrsm; 'kuq © if;&JwrYkd mS ulrnfo h l rJv
h Qif xdwv f efzY ,
G yf if jzpfawmhonf/
rmvmNrKd if uAsmrsm;? xktd ajcudk pl;prf;ar;jref;[efjzifh pmqdak iGwm&Du-
&wemuAsmrsm;(cifyeG ;f rif;,ka0ESihf wGzJ ufxw k af 0) ] pH&k yd Nf rKd iq
f ,G ?f uEÅmv,f
aiGwm&D uAsmrsm;? aiGwm&D uAsm 100 tdb k ,fa,musmf ;? c&D;oGm;.....}
aiGwm&D uAsmaygi;f csKyf ]azmfvnf; rqG,f wpfu, kd if ,f? toifvo l m;
rifaq;&nfyJ rIeo f vm;ESihf uAsm½Sif 0w¬K aMumufbl;vm; }
qkEiS hf tjcm;0w¬Kwrkd sm; [lí zJUG vu kd yf gonf/
urÇmausmf tDpGyfyHkjyifrsm;( rif;,ka0ESifh wJGzuf? þwGif ]pH&k yd Nf rKd iq f ,
G }f ]uEÅmv,f} ]wpfu, kd if ,f}
bmomjyef) ]vlom;}ponfh pum;toH;k wdjYk zifh oabmxdrad tmif zJUG xm;yHu k kd
ar;cGe;f ½Snf ar;cGe;f a[mif;/ ( avhusifhcef; ) awGU&onf/ tcuftcJ BuKH aomtcg jyifytm;ud;k &m ½Smwwfaom
1/ pmqd\k tjrifukd ay:viG af tmifa&;yg/ &½Sad om todw&m;rsm;udk vl Y o bm0\ tm;enf ; csuf u d k axmuf j yum tar;xk w f
oH;k oyfyg/ uAsmrS b0atmifjrifrI qdik &f m vrf;ñTecf surf sm;udk vdu
k [ f efjzifh a&;zJUG xm;onf/
avhvmwifjyyg// ratmifjrifao;olrsm; twGuf vnf;aumif;?
c&D;oGm; a,mufsm;rSm b0tcuftcJ qlBuKH edrjhf rifw h u Ykd kd
tBudrfBudrf jzwfoef;cJhNyD; ausmfvTm;cJhNyD;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh ol&aJ umif; oH;k a,mufEiS h f c&D;onfrS avhvmzG,f tvuFm
P87
]uEÅmv,f}wGif rIp&m? pdk;p&m? xdyfp&m pdk;pOf;rQ rxm;ol 57/ ol&Jaumif;oHk;a,mu a,muf (0uF0w k )då
jzpfayonf/ trlt&mu tp aMumifMh u uif;pGm jyefvnf ajzMum; ]ol&aJ umif;oH;k ,mufEiS hf c&D;onf}uAsmwGif owå?d ZG?J
vdu k yf u kH kd - vHkYv wdkY\ pGrf;tm;xufjrufyHkudk pmqdku wifpm;a&;zGJU&mü
]þodkYar;aomf.... oH;k xm;ygonf/
½Tiaf t;Munfom? NyKH ;rsuEf mS jzifh tcuftcJrSeforQudk &ifqdkifatmifjrifEdkifpGp Gr f ; onfh
td.k .bmudak xmuf? aMumuf& rvJ...} t&nftcsif;aumif;oHk;&yf[k wkduf½dkufrqdkbJ ]ol&Jaumif;oHk;
a,muf } [k oG , f 0 d k u f zJ G U q d k x m;ojzif h 0uF 0 k w å d t vuF m
[lí wifjya&;zJUG vu kd yf gonf/
ajrmufygonf/
þwGif rnfonfhtpGrf;jzifh taMumuftvefYuif;
58/ c&D;onf^c&D;oGm; (0uF0w k då )
&oenf; [lí odvdkzG,fjzpfapcJhygonf/ b0jyóemwdkYudk
]........}wGif vlom;\ b0jzpfpOfukd wifpm;zJUG q&kd mü
ajz½Si;f atmifjrifvo kd w l t Ykd wGuf þtcsurf mS ta&;ygvo S nf/ oH;k xm;ygonf/
t&m&mudk &ifqikd Ef ikd &f ef ]&J&ifjh cif;owå}d rSm rjzpfrae ]b0twGuf ½ke;f uef&olvo l m;}[k wdu
k ½f u
kd f rqdb k J
vdt k yfayonf/ &nfreS ;f &modYkd a&mufatmif pJpG NGJ rNJ rJ ravQmw h rf; ]c&D;onf^c&D;oGm;}[k oG,f0dkuf zJGUqdkxm;ojzifh 0uF0kwåd
pl;pdu
k rf I jyKonfh ]ZG}J onfvnf; ta&;ygvyS gonf/ xdjYkyif vufawGY tvuFmajrmufygonf/
taumiftxnfazmf aqmif½GufEdkifpGrf;jzpfaom ]vHkYvtm;}jzifh 59/ tdb k ,fa,mufsm;(0uF0w k t då vuFm)
yl;aygif;vdkufonfhtcg tcuftcJwdkif;udk ausmfvTm;Edkifol ]..........}wGif b0c&D;udk jzwfoef;ae&ol vlom;udk
]yJw
G ikd ;f ausm}f jzpfayawmhrnf/ wifpm;ac:qo dk nfh tmvkypf um;tjzpf pmqdu k oH;k xm;ygonf/
xdo k abmudk b0tatmifjrifa&;todtjriftjzpf uAsm tazmfryg wpfudk,fwnf; b0c&D;&ifqdkifae&oll
pmqdu k - vlom;[k wdu k ½f ukd rf qdbk J ]tdb k ,fa,mufusm;}[k oG,0f u kd f
]o[J azmfñ?dS owå½d NdS yD zJUG qx
kd m;ojzifh 0uF0w k t
då vuFmajrmufygonf/
cspo f nfh o[m? ZJv G nf; ygí 60/ pH&k yd Nf rKd iq
f , G uf EÅmv,f(0uF0w k )då
ruGmxyfavmif;? i,fuaygi;f onfh ]..........}wGif vlom;wkdY awGUBuHK&onfh b0jzpfpOf
aqGaumif;vHv Yk ? wlwuGwnfh qlBuKH erd jhf rifu
h kd azmfneT ;f &mü pmqdku oHk;xm;ygonf/
ab;u wl,OS ?f ygcv hJ Qiaf omf cufcMJ urf;wrf;qd;k aumif; a&mjyrG ;f onfh b0jzpfpOfrsm;
igwh iG af ocsm? atmifz&kd mwnf/h } tv,f[ k wkduf½dkufrqdkbJ ]pHk&dyfNrdKifqG,f}[k oG,f0dkuf
[lí wifjyvdkufygonf/ 4if;aemufwGif c&D;oGm;a,mufsm;\ zJUG qx
kd m;ojzifh 0uF0w k t då vuFmajrmufygonf/
tapmift h a½Smufo&l o J ;kH azmfukd odjrif&NyjD zpfí-
] awmfayh vlarmf? yJw G ikd ;f ausmf 61/ aqGaumif;vHv Yk (½lyu)
]........}wGif rdr\d pGr;f tm;oH;k &yfukd c&D;oGm;a,mufsm;
oH;k azmfaqGv?J wl,OS w f oGJ nf azmfñeT ;f ajzqdo k nfh pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
atmifNrJ rkcs atmifrnfy/ }
aus;Zl ; aumif ; usd K ; atmif j rif jzpf x G e f ; Ed k i f a pyH k
[lí rSwcf suaf y;[efjzifh cs;D usL;zJUG qv kd u
kd yf gonf/ owå?d ZJ?G vHv Yk *kP&f nfwtjzpf
lt jzpf rdwaf qGaumif;(tEdiI ;f )ESihf vHUk v(tEdiI ;f cH)wkUd ukd
[l o nf h twG i f ; pG r f ; tif oH k ; &yf u d k tm;jyK E d k i f u atmif y J G xyfwjl yKxm;ojzifh ½lyutvuFmajrmufygonf/
tqifq h ifEh aGJ ernfom jzpfaMumif; odomxif½mS ;cJNh yD jzpfygonf/
62/ oH;k azmfaqG (0uF0w k )då
]owå?d ZJ?G vHv k } wdu Yk kd ol&aJ umif; oH;k a,muftjzpf ]].......}}wGif c&D;oGm;a,mufsm;\ pGrf;tm;oHk;&yfudk
tm;ud;k jyKvQif b0jyóemwdu Yk kd &ifqikd af usmv f mT ;atmifjrifEikd rf nf odjrifomG ;onfh pmqd\ k 0rf;ajrmufpum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
[laom b0atmifjrifa&;rlukd vlom;wdik ;f cH,u l siahf qmifEikd af p&ef Ny;D ajrmuf atmifjrifaponfh owå?d ZJ?G vHv Yk [k wkud ½f u kd f
uAsmpmqdk aiGwm&Du þodkYvQiftodtjrifay; a&;zJGJwifjy rqdbk J ]oH;k azmfaqG}[k oG,0f u kd zf UGJ qx
kd m;ojzifh 0uF0w
k tdå vuFm
xm;ygownf;/ / ajrmufygonf/
63/ oH;k azmfaqGvJ wl,OS w f (GJ 0uF0w k då ) (15) ESif;udkjrifckduf ESif;udkjrif aeif hhhhh
].........} wGif c&D;oGm;a,mufsm;\ pGr;f tmm;oH;k &yfukd
odjrifomG ;onfh pmqd\ k 0rf;ajrmufpum; tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ ESi;f udk jrifí? oZifyiG Ohf ;D ? olMunfE;l pOf
&,fjrL;½Tiyf s? ESrESiahf rmif? nDaemifom;csi;f
tcuftcJrsm;udk jzwfoef;jy;D ajrmuf atmifjrifaponfh
*kP&f nf oH;k &yf ( owå?d ZJ?G vHUkv)ESihf jynfhpHkonf[k wdu k ½f ukd rf qdb
k J vufw&JG if;ESi?hf cspjf cif;cifjcif;? ,HMk unfjcif;rsm;
]oH;k azmfaqGvJ wl,OS w f }GJ [k oG,0f u kd zf UGJ qkd xm;ojzifh 0uF0w k då qyGm;opfopf? cdik Nf rEJ pS rf m? umvMumav?
tvuFmajrmufygonf/ pnf;½H;k avwnf/h
64/ yJwG ikd ;f ausm(f 0uF0w k )då ajrjyefY awmifc;kH ? ywfu;kH 0ef;usi?f jrpfciG wf pfaMum
]].....}}wGif owåd? ZGJ? vHkUv ESifhjynfhpHkol c&D;oGm; vGeo f marmudk cspaf ompdwEf iS hf
a,mufsm;udk uAsm½Siu f a0zefo;kH oyf cs;D usL; rSwcf sujf yKonfh aoG;ESihf acR;ESi?hf tqifq h ifq h uf? toufoufrsm;
pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ paw;xm;í? bdk;bGm;ay;a0.............cspftarGwnfh/
ta&;BuKH wikd ;f tEdik &f atmifjrifo[
l k wdu
k ½f u
kd rf qdb
k J taeMumMum? tomrd;k rd;k
yJGwdkif;ausmf[k oG,f0dkufzJGUqdkxm;ojzifh 0uF0kwådtvuFm cspwf ;kd vGejf rwf? aoG;om;xyfí
ajrmufygonf/ ud,k &hf yfu, kd afh jr? wG,w
f may\?
65/ awmfayhval rmf yJw G ikd ;f ausm(f 0uF0w
k då ) ud,k ahf e&mud?k wpfzsmwpfuu G ?f wpfvufrvnf;?
]........}wG i f owå d ? ZG J ? vH k U v ES i f h j ynf h p H k o l woESajrm? pHrk ufarmonf?h oabmjcif;&m?
c&D ; oG m ;a,muf s m;ud k uAsm½S i f u a0zef o H k ; oyf csD ; usL; ajym&ygvQif
rSwcf sujf yKonfh pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ ESi;f &ifErk ?S oZifvu S ?kd jrif& BuKH &? aqmif;tjrrSm
ta&;BuKH wikd ;f tEdik &f atmifjrifol vlcRevf al umif;[k r[matmifjcif;? pnf;vH;k jcif;jzifh
wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]awmfayhvlarmf yJGwdkif;ausmf}[k oG,f0dkuf aoG;csi;f ud, k o
hf m; wdyYk ikd x
f m;onf
zJUG qx
kd m;ojzifh 0uF0wk då tvuFmajrmufygonf/
w&m;rQwvGwv f yfjcif;/ /
ol & J a umif ; oH k ; a,muf E S i f h c&D ; onf r S a0g[m& 0guszJ G U ESif;udk jrif aemif ?vSvufaqmif ? pvif;armifarmifvwf
avhvmcsuf
(25) owå/d / ynm&ifu h suo f nfEiS t hf rQ BuD;rm;\/ teuf
ES i f ; ud k j rif & pOf r S m oZif y G i f h O D ; wd k Y vef ; pG i f h v monf /
(26) vHkYv / / vlysif;wdkY\ wpfcP[k qkdMuonf/
MunfE;l zG,f aqmif;v&moDaywnf;/
(27) ZGJ/ / rqkwrf epfaom jzifh yef;wdik af &mufygap/ þv&moDwiG f atmufarhowd&wefz;kd xm;zG,f jzpfpOfwUkd
(28) o[J// vljywfaomvrf;rS oGm;vQif taz: yg ygap/ ½daS eonf/ wdik ;f &if;om;nDtpfuakd rmifErS om;csi;f wd\ Yk aoG;pnf;
(29) ZJG // ½Srd ]S iw k rf d oJwikd ?f wufEikd f zsm;a&muf} jzpfrnf/ cspfMunfjcif; tusKd;&v'fwdkY xif½Sm;cJhonf/ pnf;vHk;jcif;?
,HkMunfjcif;? cspfMunfjcif; wdkY cdkifNrJcJhonf/ onftcgor,
(30) yGJwdkif;ausmf/ /a½T"L0Honf BuKd ;0dik ;f toD;oD;wGif wHceG pf u kd f a&mufwikd ;f tm;opfymG ;ouJo h Ykd ½do
S nf/ qwd;k cdik rf mvmcJo h nf/
csyH ,
D H jzpfcJhavonf/ ajrjyefY? ukef;jrifhponfh obm0ywf0ef;usif jrpf? acsmif;?
(31) NrdKif/ / rkq;kd wdo Yk nf om;aumifvu kd &f ef odkY oGm;\/ awmawmifwrYkd mS tvGerf ufarmzG,f om,mvSyyg\/ þa&?
(32) vlarmf// xl;cReo f l rsm;udk Edik if aH wmfucs;D `riS rhf I jyKae\/ þajrum; igwaYkd jr? igwaYkd &[k cspjf rwfE;kd &yg\/
þZmwdrmefjzifh wdb Yk ;kd bGm;wdUk u touf? aoG;? acR;wdUk ukd
(33) rkcs/ / wu,fvyk v f Qif atmifjrifrnf/ &if;um umuG,cf o hJ nf/ apmifah ½Smufco hJ nf/ cspjf rwfE;kd tyfaom
(34) qG,f/ / wpfzuf wdkufppfrSL;\ eHab;wGif onfbuf tarGyifwnf;/
uGi;f v,fvu l um rcGmwrf; vdu k favonf/ ESpfumvMum½SnfonfESifh trQ wdkYwdkif;&if;om;wdkYrSm
udk,fhwdkif;jynf? udk,fhajr? udk,fha&udk tpOftqufwG,fwm onf jrwfE;kd p&m cspMf unfp&m jzpfpOfuav;rsm;ESihf cJrG &atmif
P89
wefz;kd xm;cJMh uonf/ zsmwpfuu G pf mrQ tenf;i,faomyrmPrQ jzpfcohJ nf/ xdx k pkd w d uf ;l tawG;wdu Yk kd pmqdu
k -
tqH;k ½I;H rcHEikd yf g/ ESajrwo wG,w f m pdwrf mS þrQyif Bu;D rm;vSyg\/ ]]ESi;f udk jrifí
,ckuo hJ Ykd ]ESi;f }udjk rif& BuKH &? oZifuakd wGU& MunfE;l & oZifyiG Ohf ;D olMunfe;l pOf
at;at;jrjr tcgwiG f þodv Yk Qif awG;awmowd&rdonf/ igwo Ykd nf &,fjrL; ½Tiyf s? ESrESiahf rmif nDaemifom;csi;f ...}}
Bu;D jrwfvo S nfh atmifjrifru I kd pnf;vH;k jcif;jzifh qGwcf ;l Edik cf MhJ uonf/ [lí azmfxw k f a&;zJUG cyhJ gonf/
xdaYk Mumifh wdw Yk ikd ;f &if;om; aoG;csi;f wdYk vuf0,fyikd ½f x Sd m;Ny;D aom
þaqmif;v&moD tcgrsK;d wGif pmqdo k nf þodv Yk Qif
]vG w f v yf a &;} tarG o nf w&m;rQ vG w f v yf j cif ; tppf
trSejf zpfayownf;/ / owd& atmufarYro d nf/ ordik ;f jzpfpOf yH&k yd w f uYkd kd rsu0f g;xifxif
jrifa,mif Ekid cf o hJ nf/ þodaYk om apwem pdwu f ;l udk qufvuf
acGe;f a[mif;? ar;cGe;f ½Sn/f avhusichf ef;/ wifjya&;zJUG vdu k yf rkH mS -
1/ pmqdku rdrdtjrifudk rnfodkY a&;zJGUxm;oenf;/^ ]]cspjf cif; cifjcif;? ,HMk unfjcif;rsm;
nDaemifom;csi;f cspMf unfa&;pdw"f mwfukd rnfoYkd a&;zJUGxm;oenf;/ qyGm;opfopf? ckikd Nf rEJ pS rf m
^ wdkif;&if;om; nDtpfudk armifESrwdkY\ aumif;jrwfaom
pdw"f mwfu f kd rnfoaYkd &;zJx YG m;oenf;/ umvMumav? pnf;½Hk;avwnfh }}
..wGif vGwv f yfa&; xde;f odr;f vdpk w d f ½S&d ef pmqdu k rnfoYkd [lí jzpfygonf/
a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/ trdjrefrmjynf jynfaxmifpk wpf0ef;wGif om,mvSyrI
2/ &½Sdaom aumif;jrwfonfh pdwf"mwfudk wifjyyg/^ taygif;wdkY a0qm vTrf;NcKHí aeygonf/ wefzdk;xm;zG,f?
tav;tjrwfxm;tyfaom jynfaxmifpk pdw"f mwfukd wifjyyg/^ wG,w f mzG,f obm0 tvSajryif jzpfawmhonf/ pmqdo k nf
rnfonfh &orsm;cHpm;&oenf;/ ½Si;f vif;ajzqdyk g/ ESi;f udjk rifcu kd f þodkYvQif trdajrudk cspfjrwfEdk;cJhonf/ weffzdk;xm;cJhonf/
uAsmrS wdik ;f &if;om;wdYk \ jynfaxmifpk pdw"f mwfukd þodaYk om apwemjzif-h
*kP, f zl ,G w f ifjyyg/ ( oifhq&mxH ppfaq;cHyg ) ]]ajrjyefaY wmifc;kH ? ywfu;kH 0ef;usif
aemif jrpfciG w f pfaMum? vGeo f marmud.k ..}}
trnf&if; OD;armifarmifvwf/ pvif;NrKdUZmwd/ pvif;NrKUdEiS hf [lí ñTe;f qdv k u kd yf gonf/ þjynfaxmifpk jrefrmjynfukd bd;k bGm;wdYk
acsmufNrKUd tpd;k & txufwef;ausmif;? &efuek f wuúov kd f 0dZmÆ bJUG / touf? aoG;? acR; paw;&if;um apmifah ½Smufc&hJ onf jzpfí
uAsmrsm;udk ]aemif}trnfjzifh a&;cJ/h 0w¬Krsm;? bmom jyefrsm;udk ]]cspt f arG}}[k vnf; wifpm;vdu k yf gonf/
tjcm; uavmiftrnfwdkYjzifha&;/ aw;oDcsif;rsm;udk a&;zJGU? xdjYk yif-
oDqjkd cif;rsm; jyKc/hJ ]]cspw f ;kd vGejf rwf? aoG;om;xyfí? ud, k &hf yf ud,k ahf jr
ESi;f udjk rifcu
dk rf S pmqd\ k apwem ^ bdk;bGm;tarG vGwfvyfa&; wG,w f may\..}}
]ESif;udk jrifckduf}onf uAsmq&maemif\ Zmwdrmef [lívnf; a<u;aMumf azmfjyvdkufygao;onf/ jrefrmjynf
uAsmwpfyk'f jzpfygonf/ 4if;\ ]eufjzeftwGuf vSvuf vGwfvyfa&; ordkif;wGif t*Fvdyf udkvdkeD tkyfpdk;rIatmufrS
aqmif}uAsmpmtkyrf S xkwEf w k af Mumif;vnf; rSwo f m;&ygonf/ vH;k 0vGwv f yfa&; &½S&d ef jynfaxmifpk pdw"f mwfjzifh tajcwnfc&hJ yH?k
þuAsmwGif trdjrefrmjynf wdkif;&if;om;taygif;wdkYtwGuf xdak oG;pnf; cspMf unfrI pdw"f mwfukd 1947 ck azazmf0g&v D 12
bdk;bGm;tarGonf vGwfvyfa&; jzpfonf/ vGwfvyfa&; &atmif tm;xkwf BudK;yrf; &ufaeY yifvakH jrwGif csKyq f o kd nfh yifvpkH mcsKyjf zifh taxmuftxm;
aqmifMuOf;EdkifcJhaom wdkif;&ifom; aoG;pnf; cspfMunfrI jynfaxmifpk pdwf"mwfudk jyKMuyHk wdu Yk kd trSw&f zG,f jzpfayonf/
aumif;jrwfaom tarGtjzpf cH,lwefzdk;xm; av;pm; xdef;odrf; apmifha½Smuftyfonf xkpd Oftcgumvonf at;at;jrjr aqmif;tcgumv
paom tjrifjzifh azmfusL;xm;onf/ yif jzpfonf/ yifvpkH mcsKyo f nf Bu;D jrwfaom atmifjcif; w&m;\
pmqko d nf oZifyiG Ohf ;D wdYk vef;pGiahf om aqmif;obm0 t&if;cHyif jzpfonf/ vGwfvyfa&; atmifyef; udkvnf;
aqmif;tcg or,udk tav;tjrwfxm;onf/ þv&moDtcg w&m;ojzifh qGwv f rS ;f Edik af pcJo h nf/ þodaYk om *kP, f zl , G ?f
wefz;kd xm;zG,?f 0rf;ajrmufz, G ?f ESpo f uftm;&zG,f orkid ;f jzpfpOf
wduYk kd pmqdu k - 69/ oZifyiG Ohf ;D olMunfE;l (0uF0w k )då
]]ESi;f &ifErk S oZifvu S kd jrif& BuKH & aqmif;tjrrSm ]]........}}wGif jrefrmwdik ;f &if;om;wdUk\aoGpnf;cspMf unfrKS
r[matmifjcif;? pnf;vH;k jcif;jzifh ordik ;f pOfukd owd&0rf;ajrmufrad Mumif; pmqdu k azmfjyonf.h .../
aoG;csi;f ud, k ohf m;? wdyYk ikd x
f m;onf aqmif;v&moDtcgEiS hf qufpyfvsu½f o dS nfh aoG;pnf;
cspf M unf r I ord k i f ; pOf w d k U u d k atmuf a rh owd & rd o nf [ k
w&m;rQw vGwv f yfjcif;}}
wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]oZifyGifhOD; olMunfEl;}[k oG,f0dkufa&;
[lí tav;teufxm; a&;zJUG vu kd yf gonf/ zJUG xm;ojzifh 0uF0w k t
då vuFm ajrmufygonf/
]]nDaemifom;csi;f wdik ;f &if;cspMf unfa&; jynfaxmifpk ESif;udk jrifcdkuf rS 0guszJGU avhusifhcef;
pdw"f mwfukd aumif;jrwfaom pdw"f mwftjzpf wefz;kd xm; xde;f odr;f (35) paw; / / ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkatmifausmfonf
apmifah ½Smuftyfonf}} [laom (oabmxm;tjrifESifh apwem) apwem)udk udkvdkeDppfykvdyf\ acsrSLef;rSKatmufwGif toufudk cJh&avonf/
pmqdo k nf þodv Yk Qif a&;zJUG wifjyxm;ygownf;/
^þuAsmwGif jynfaxmifpk pdwf"mwft&if;cHum bdk;bGm;wdkY toufaoG;acR;
jzifh &if;cJh&yHkwdkYudk azmfusL;wifjyvsuf vGwfvyfa&; xdef;odrf;vdkpdwf jzpfay:atmif
þodkYvQif a&;zJGUxm;ygownf;/ / ar;cGef;y&d,m,f
ar;cGef; toGm;tvmudk oabmodatmif zwfwwfrS jzpfr,f/
wcsdKUar;cGe;f awGrmS rsufpvd nfomG ;zG,&f mawG ygw,f/
ESif;udk jrifcdkufrS tvuFmrsm; 1/ jrifpdkif;a½Tjynf}uAsmrS pmqdk\ ta&;tzJGU pGrf;&nfudk
66/ ESif;&ifekrS oZifvS( 0uF0w k då ) avhvmwifjyyg/ ( 2009 &efukefwdkif; )
]]ESif;udkjrifcdkuf}} uAsmwGif trsdK;om;pnf;vHk;rIjzifh 2/ awmifoBl u;D 'H;k csi;f rS &½Sad om okw&orsm;udk azmfxw
k f wifjyyg/
vGwfvyfa&; atmifyJGqifEGJEdkifyHkudk pmqdkuwifpm;a&;zJGU&mwGif ( 2005 &efukefwdkif; )
oH;k xm;ygonf/ 3/ awmifolBGuD;uAsmu ay;aom &oESifhtodtjrifudk
trsKd ;om;pnf;vH;k nDnw G rf \I tusKd ;w&m;atmify[ GJ k avhvmwifjyyg/ ( 2008 &efukefwdkif; )
wdu k ½f u
kd f rqdb k J ]ESi;f &ifErk o aqmif;v&moD\ yef;oZi
S Zifv}S (aqmif oZif
)[k oG,0f u kd af &;zGUx J m;ojzihf 0uF0w k tdå vuFmajrmufygonf/ 4/ av;armifh pHausmif;t& pmqdkOd;ykn\ tawG;ESifhta&;udk
67/ cspt f arG(0uF0w k )då azmfxw
k w
f ifjyyg/ ( 2008 rEÅav;wdkif; )
]].......}}wGif bdk;bGm;pOfquf xdef;odrf; umuG,f 5/oif a ooG m ;aomf w G i f pmqd k u pmzwf o l t m;
vufqifh urf;cJo h nfh jynfaxmifpEk ikd if H jzpfyu kH kd &nfneT ;f zJUGq&dk mwGif rnfodkYaqG;aEG;vrf;nTefxm;oenf;/ ( 2002 {&m0wDwdkif; )
oH;k xm;ygonf/
6/)ESif;udkjrifcdkuf}uAsmü rnfonfh&o cHpm;&oenf;/ ½Sif;vif;
wd k i f ; &if ; jynf a xmif p k o m;tm;vH k ; cspf j rwf E d k ; pG m
ajzqdyk g/ ( 2008 &cdkifjynfe,f )
wefz;kd xm; xde;f odr;f apmifah ½Smuf cH,t l yfonhf vGwv f yfaom
jynfaxmifpk[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]cspftarG}[k oG,f0dkuf
'Dar;cGe;f awGrmS tav;ay;ajz&r,fh taMumif;t&mudk
a&;zJUG xm;ojzifh 0uF0w k t
då vuFm ajrmufygonf/
azmfjyay;xm;yHuk ]]ta&;tzGJU pGrf;&nf^ tawG;ESifh ta&;^
68/ bd;k bGm;ay;a0(0uF0w k då ) pmqdku pmzwfoltm;}} pwJh uefUowfcsufawG ygxm;ygw,f/
]].......}}wGif bdk;bGm;pOfquf xdef;odrf; umuG,f ar;cGe;f ½Jhaemufyikd ;f rSm ]]avhvmwifjyyg/ azmfxw k f
vufqifh urf;cJo h nfh jynfaxmifpEk ikd if H jzpfyu kH kd &nfneT ;f zJUGq&dk mwGif
wifjyyg/ wifjyyg/}}vdYk qdxk m;wmudyk J jrifNyD; ausmif;om; ½Iaxmifhuae
g oH;k xm;ygonf/
wdkif;&if;om; bdk;bGm;wdkY tpOftquf xdef;odrf; ajzay;&r,fvYkd rxifrwS of ifhygbl;/
apmif h a ½S m uf vuf q if h u rf ; cJ Y o nf [ k wd k u f ½ d k u f r zJ G U bJ 'ghaMumifh y&d,m,fygaom ar;cGe;f rsK;d BuHK&if qH;k jzwfcsuf
]bd;k bGm;ay;a0..}[k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm;ojzifh 0uF0w k t då vuFm rSezf Ykd vdyk gr,f/ qH;k jzwfreS yf gap/ /
ajrmufygonf/

(16) tEkynmonf\ tm;rmef
tEkynm? yGifhvif;omaomf? uAsmaumif;uif? psmefopf0ifcJh
&ifrS ayguzf mG ;? ywåjrm;ud?k yvTm;&ifqikd ?f tHwNk yKd iv
f nf;?
tEkdkifrcH? rdk;aomuf,HrS? tvQH&J&J? rmefrD;cJyif
tNrJawmufavmif? xGef;opfajymifvsuf? wefaqmif rD;½I;? [l;[l;xeftHh/
tm;rmefjynfNh zKd ;? onf;yGwEf ;kd avmh? rd;k vnf;usO;f pG? ajri,fvw
S nf?h ork'&´ m? rzJUG omao;
vuFmrmefpdwf? apwodufvQif? ,dkzdwfapGapG? toacsFyg?
igaoaomfvnf;? igyh pön;f wd?Yk onf;pGmausmMf um;? [ke;f [ke;f <um;tH/h
odyof nf;euf½iId ;f ? vuFmvdiI ;f vQi?f twdik ;f rod? pGr;f tm;½Scd hJ
tbd"r®m? Mum;cJhygav? MoZmwduúr? bHkavmu0,f
0if;yawmufvGef;? a½TpifoGef;odkY? ½Tef;vufoa&? wifhw,faypG
pmayyGizhf ;l ? qGwyf sUH E;l rd? rd;k OD;o&pf? tm;tifopfoYkd
acwfudkEdI;aqmf? [def;[def;ausmftHh/ xDvmppfol
tEkynm xDvmppf tdk½Tuf0gESifh rJacgifjrpf a½Tppfonf½Gm xDvme,fom; ? csdKif;em; Aif;csm; trsdK;om;?

Adrmef ñGefYñGefYAsm;
xDvmppfol (1932-2009)
trnf&if; OD;pd;k ñGe/Yf rdwv D¬ mNrKUd e,f a½Tppfonf½mG Zmwd/
a½Tppfonf½mG wdik ;f &if;jrefrm tv,fwef;ausmif;? rdwv D¬ m trsK;d om;ausmif;ESihf oufBu;D wuúov kd /f ppftwGi;f *syefpmESihf
ppfynm/ ppfbuf e,fbufwm0efrsm; xrf;aqmifcJh/ ,Ofausm;rI0efBuD;Xm? 'kwd,0efBuD;? pmayESifh pme,fZif;tzJGU OuúX /
rJacgif jrpfrS td½k u
G 0f g (uAsm½SnBf u;D rsm;)
jrykvo J ,G f 0w¬K ar;cGef;wdk avhusifhzG,f
uAsmokawoepmwrf;rsm;? uAsma0zefa&;usr;f rsm; 1/ wHceG pf u kd u
f Asmpmqdbk UGJ ukd rnfonft h zJUG u cs;D jriS o
hf enf;/
20 &mpk jrefrmpmqdk jrefrmuAsmusr;f 2/ xif½Sm;onfh uAsm½SnfBuD;um; tb,fenf;/
pmayAdrmefq?k trsKd ;om;pmayqk 3/ rnfonfhZmwd jzpfoenf;/
wHceG pf u
kd f uAsmpmqdb k UGJ 4/ 20 &mpk jrefrmpmqdk? jrefrmuAsmusrf;udk rnfol jyKpkoenf;/
5/ jrykvJoG,f 0w¬Kudk rnfola&;oenf;/
ar;cGe;f a[mif;? ar;cGe;f ½Snf avhvmrI
1/ uAsmpmqdo k nf ol\tekynm cHpm;csuu f kd rnfoYkd a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/
^ rdrd cH,cl suuf kd rnfoYkd a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/ ^tEkynmonf wpfa,muf\ tm;rmefukd rnfoYkd a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/ ^tEkynmonf\
tm;rmefEiS hf ywfoufí uAsmq&mu rnfoYkd a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/ ^tEkynmonfwYkd xm;½St d yfaom tm;rmefukd pmqdu k rnfoYkd
a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/ ûAsmpmqdw k pfO;D \ arQmrf eS ;f csuEf iS hf tm;rmefwu Ykd kd ay:viG af tmif rnfuo hJ Ykd a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/
2/ uAsmpmqd\k tawG;ESihf ta&;udk aqG;aEG;yg/ ^pmqd\k cH,cl suEf iS hf ta&;tzJUG ukd wifjyyg/
3/ uAsmrS od½&dS aom tEkynmonfw\Ykd tm;rmef Bu;D rm;us,jf yefyY u kH kd pdw0f ifpm;zG,f a&;yg/ ^wuf<uaom tEkynmonfwpfO;D \
^ uAsmrS tEkynmonfwpfO;D \ tm;rmefukd azmfjyyg^ xkwaf zmfwifjyyg/
uAsmrS pmqd\ k cH,cl su?f arQmrf eS ;f csuEf iS hf tm;rmefwYkd ukd ½Si;f vif;a&;om;yg/

1/ ]tEkynmonf\ tm;rmef}uAsmrS pmqd\
k tawG;ESihf ta&; ol\ tEkynmvuf&mwdYk avmuwGif rnfoYkd ausmMf um;
]tEk y nmonf \ tm;rmef } onf uAsmq&mBuD ; xif½mS ;aernfu-kd
a'guw f m xDvmppfo\l vuf&mwpfy'k f jzpfygonf/ þuAsmwGif ]]igaoaomfvnf;? igyh pön;f wd?Yk
pmqd k o nf tEk y nmonf w pf O D ; \ tm;rmef u d k ud k , f w d k i f onf;pGmausmMf um;? [ke;f [ke;f <um;tH}h }
ZmwfaqmifjyKum *kPw f if trTr;f jyK xkwaf zmf a&;zJUG xm;ygonf/ [k azmfusL;&mü awGU&jyefonf/
pmqd k o nf tEk y nmpsmef 0 if p m;ol jzpf o nf / pmqdo k nf olt Y Ekynmzefw;D rI uAsm"mwf\ jzefUusuf
us,af jymvSaom uAsmaumif;uifwiG f usupf m;aysmaf rGUwwfol oufa&muf Edik pf rG ;f udv k nf; jywfjywfom;om; jrifxm;Ny;D jzpfonf/
jzpfonf/ xdktcgrsKd;wGif tEkynmtm;rmefwdkY xufoef xdok aYkd om arQmrf eS ;f csuu f vkd nf; -
vmavh ½ S d o nf / jyif ; xef v monf / wuf < uvmonf / ]]odyo f nf; euf½iId ;f ? vuFmvdiI ;f vQif
tm;rmef v d I i f ; rsm; tquf r jywf ½d k u f c wf vmavh ½ S d o nf / twdik ;f rod? pGr;f tm;½Scd hJ
xdok abmwdu Yk kd uAsm\ yxryd'k rf mS yif - tbd"r®mMum;cJyh gav? MoZmwdurú
]]tEk y nm? yG i f h v if ; omaomf ? uAsmaumif ; uif bHak vmu0,f....}}
psmefopf0ifc}hJ } [lí jrifomxifom ½Sad tmif azmfusL;cJyh gonf/
[k qdv k ukd yf gonf/ pmqd k o nf ol U t Ek y nm tawG ; tjrif & owd k Y u d k
xdkodkY psmefopf0ifpOf jzpfay:aom tEkynm"mwfudk - wef z d k ; xm;ol jzpf o nf / avmuud k tvS q if E d k i f o nf Y
]]&ifrS ayguzf mG ;? ywåjrm;udk acwfjyiftEkynmtjzpf cH,l ½Ijrifxm;onf/ xdaYk Mumifh -
yvTm;&ifqikd ?f tHw Y Nk yKd iv
f nf; ]]0if;yawmufveG ;f ? a½TpifoeG ;f odYk
tEdik rf cH? rd;k aomuf,rH ?S tvQ&H &J J rmefr;D cJyif}} ½Te;f vufoa&? wifw h ,faypG
[k qufvuf azmfusL;cJhygonf/ pmayyGizhf ;l ? qGwyf sUH E;l rd?
rd;k OD;o&pf? tm;tifopfoYkd
þta&;tzJ G U w d k Y w G i f pmqd k o nf ol Y t Ek y nmud k
acwfuEkd ;Id aqmf [de;f [de;f ausmt f /hH }}
]ywåjrm;}[k wefzdk;xm; wifpm;onf/ xdkausmufrsuf\
[k zJUG um olt Y Ekynmyef;wdik u f kd [pfa<u;xif½mS ; apcJyh gonf/
xGe;f vif;rIukd ]tvQ&H &J }J [kaom pum;jzifh azmfusL;onf/ ol\
tEkynmtm;rmef xufoef jyif;jyrIukd ]rmefr;D cJ}[k [pfa<u; þuAsmwGif uAsma&;zJUG rEI iS hf ywfoufaom cH,cl su?f
cJhonf/ ajymifajrmufvSyg\/ k ? tm;rmef tawG ;wdu
arQmrf eS ;f csuEf iS hf ZG?J vHv Yk kd tm;wufz,
G f
ta&;
ta&;jzifh wifqufomG ;yHrk mS enf;rS;D zG,yf if jzpfygaMumif; avhvm
pmqdo k nf ol\ tEkynm t"Ge½Yf n S Mf um wnfwu
hH m
ajzqdk tyfygownf;//
tqufrjywf ½Sio f efaeOD;rnfh oabmudv k nf; -
]]tNraJ wmufavmif? xGe;f opfajymifvsuf tEkynmonf\ tm;rmefwGif tvuFm avhvmcsuf
wefaqmif rD;½I;? [l;[l;xeft}hH } 70/ uAsmaumif;uif (½lyu)
[k a&;zJGUum xif½Sm;apcJhygonf/ þodkY tEkynmtm;rmef ]]tEkynmonf\ tm;rmef}}uAsmwGif uAsm½Sif
xufoefonfukd azmfusL;&mü 0D&&o vIyEf ;kd Edik pf rG ;f ½Sad om - usufpm; arGUavsmf&m uAsmhtEkynme,fy,fudk pmqdk u
]]tm;rmefjynfNzKd ;? onf;yGwEf ;dI avmh azmfneT ;f &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/
rd;k vnf; usO;f pG? ajri,fvw S nfh arGUavsmf&m e,fy,f us,f0ef;yHk *kuf&nfwtjzpf lt jzpf
ork'&´ m? rzJUG omao;......}} uAsmt h Ekynme,f (tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf aumif;uif(tEdiI ;f )wdUk ukd xyfwjl yK
ponht f zJUG wjYkd zifv
h nf; azmfusL;xm;onf/ zJq
YG x
kd m;aomaMumifh ½lyutvuFmajrmufygonf/
rukerf qH;k Edik af om tEkynmpdwf cGet f m;ud-k 71/ &ifraS yguzf mG ;ywåjrm; (0uF0w k )då
]]vuFmrmefpw d ?f apwoduv f Qi?f ]].....}}wGif rdrzd efw;D wifjyonhf tEkynm&otvS\
wefz;kd jrifrh m;yHuk kd uAsm½Siu f wifpm;pyfq&kd mü oH;k xm;ygonf/
,dzk w d af pGapG? toacsyF g}}
[k qdv k ukd o f nf/ tzd;k xdu k v
f oS nfh zefw;D rItEkvuf&m[k wdu k ½f u
kd rf qdk
bJ ]]&ifrS ayguzf mG ; ywåjrm;}}[k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUGxm;ojzifh 0uF0w k då 79/a½TpifoeG ;f odYk (Oyrm)
P93
tvuFm ajrmufygonf/ ]]...... }}wGirf rd d Ed;I aqmf wifjyonfh todtjrif pGryf um;
72/ rmefr;D cJ (½lyu) avmu vlom;wdkUtv,f 0ifhxnfyHkudk pmqkdu zJGU&mwGif
]]......}}wGif rdrdwGif tEkynm tm;rmef xufoef oH;k xm;ygonf/
wuf<uyHu k kd pmqdu k azmfñeT ;f a&;zGUJ &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/ tbd"r®mtodtjrif(tEdIif;cH)udk ½Tef;vuf0if;yonfh
&J&Jawmuf jyif;xefaom t½Sdeftm;½SdyHk *kPf&nfwl a½T p if oG e f ; vuf & m(tEd I i f ; )ES i f h jrwf E d k ; ES p f o uf z G , f ½ S d y H k
tjzpf tEkynmtm;rmef(tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf rD;cJ(tEdiI ;f )wdUk ukd xyfwjl yK *kP&f nfwtj ltjzpf cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;ojzifh OyrmtvuFm ajrmufygonf/
a&;zJUG xm;aomaMumifh ½lyutvuFmajrmufygonf/ 80/ pmayyGizfh ;l (½lyu)
73/ vuFm vSdKif; (½lyu) ]]......}} wGif rdrzd efw;D onfh tEkynm\ ESpo f ufarGU
]]......}}wGif ( txuf 72 twdik ;f ajzyg ) / avsmzf , G f ½Syd ukH kd wifpm;zJUG q&kd mü oH;k xm;ygonf/
tqufrjywf jzpfxeG ;f Edik o f nfh pGr;f tm;½Syd kH *kP&f nfwl tm;opftifopfyGm;apum ESpfoufjrwfEdk;zG,f½SdapyHk
tjzp
tjzpf uAsmvuFm (tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf vdKS i;f (tEdiI ;f )wdu Yk kd xyfwjl yK *kPf&nfwltjzpf pmaytekynm(tEdIif;cH)ESifh yef;tyGifhtzl;
zJUG qxkd m;ojzifh ½lyutvuFmajrmufygonf/ (tEdiI ;f )wdUk ukd xyfwjl yK .........../
74/ rdk;vnf;usOf;pGâjri,fvSwnfY ôrk'´&m rzJGUomao; tEkynmonf\ tm;rmefrS 0guszJGU avhusifhcef;
(twdo,0kwdå ) (36) yvTm;/ / udvk ekd t
D *Fvyd f tvdak wmf&w d o
Ykd nf wdik ;f &if;om;wdYk
]]......}}wGif ( txuf 72 twdik ;f ajzyg ) / tay:wiG f armufrm cJhMuavonf/
uAsmpmqd\ k tEkynm tm;rmef Bu;D rm;yHu k kd omrefrQ (37) MoZmwduúr / /ausmif;tkyfBuD;onf BuD;onhf
rqdb k J yrmPcsi;f ,SOv f u
kd v f Qif rd;k aumif;uifyif usO;f ^ ajrjyifrmS
i,f u môrk ' ´ & monf y if rajymyavmuf [ k tvG e f t MuL; tavsmuf olUpum;udk &yfuu G of m;wdyYk if emcHMuavonf/
zGUJ qx kd m;aomaMumifh twdo,0kwt då vuFm..../ (38)tefw/k / yifvpkH w d "f mwfjzifh udvk ekd t
D pd;k &udk Edik cf \
hJ /
75/ wefaqmifr;D ½S;I (0uF0w k )då (39) toacsF / / pMu0VmtqHk;rJhonfh enf;wlyif aiGMu,f
]]......}}wGif ( txuf 72 twdik ;f ajzyg ) / yGiw
hf t
Ydk a&twGurf mS vnf; yif/
t½Sed t f [kef tpOfrjywf xGe;f opfaeonfh tEkynm (40) o&pf // rdk;OD;tcg opfyifwum½Sd xGufopfp av;
tm;rmef[k wku d ½f u
dk f rzGUJ bJ ]wefaqmifr;D ½I;}[k ......./ rsm;udk awGU&onfrmS tm;wufz, G yf if/
76/ vuFmrmef (½lyu)
]]......}}wGif ( txuf 72 twdik ;f ajzyg ) /
jyif ; jyxuf o ef y H k *k P f & nf w l t jzpf uAsmvuF m tjcm;uAsmwdkYrS a0g[m&tcsKdY
(tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf rmef ( tEdiI ;f )wdUk ukd xyfwjl yK............ / (41) MumouFef; / / tif;av;a'oxGuf rsm;onf
77/ [l;[l;l xef (jrnfopH )JG ^ jyif;jyif;xefxef obm0 MumyifrS MumrQifrsm;udk cJ&mcJqpf&,l &ufvkyfxm;
]]......}}wGif ( txuf 72 twdik ;f ajzyg ) / jcif;jzpfayonf/
wefaqmifrD;½SL; jyif;jyif;xefxef awmufavmif&mrS (42) anmifapmif; / /aEG&moDaeYcif;cg q&mawmf used ;f puf&ef
xGuaf y:onfh jrnfo]H ][l;[l;}}udk xnfo h iG ;f a&;zJUG xm;......../ ausmif;0if; refusn;f &dywf iG f udk cif;xm;ay;yg/
78/ rk;d OD;o&pf tm;tifopfoUkd (Oyrm) (43) cifwef; / / ½Gmt0if vSn;f vrf;eHab;wpfavQmufwiG f rdak rmuf
]]......}}wGif rdrd ESKd ;aqmfwifjyonfh todtjrif pGr;f yum; jyefYjyL;aeaom ukef½dk; av;udk awGUEikd yf gonf/
xufjrufyu kH kd azmfneT ;f a&;zJUG &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/ (44) a'gif;vef; / / jrefrmrIwiG f xrif;udk ,Ge;f wGif
tbd " r® m pG r f ; yum;(tEd I i f ; cH ) ud k rd k ; OD ; wG i f ½ S i f o ef jyifqifpm;aomufavh ½Syd gonf/
xdk;xGufvmonfh o&pftnGefY(tEdIif;)ESifh tm;opftifopfyGm; (45) ½GH½Sm // bwfpfum;pD;c&D;onfcsif; wGef;xdk;ae&mvkonfh
apaom tmedoif½ydS kH *kP&f nfwtjzpf lt jzpf ............../ tavhukd ty,fvm;rnft h rItjzpf odjrifum tyfayonf/

uAsmoifcef;pmtoD;oD;twGuf acwfoHk;a0g[m& 0guszJGU erlemrsm; pkpnf;azmfjycsuf
1/ aemifw/ / trSm;udk jyefawG;um &aejcif;onf tusK;d r½S/d (29) ZJG // ½Srd ]S iw k rf d oJwikd ?f wufEikd f zsm;a&muf} jzpfrnf/
2/ uspv f sp/f / rdef;raumif; yDovQif taetxdik f ayrnf/ (30) yGJwdkif;ausmf/ /a½T"L0Honf BuKd ;0dik ;f toD;oD;wGif wHceG pf u kd f
3/ obif/ / ynm*kPjf zifh yJGv,f wifw h ,fygap/ csyH , D H jzpfcJhavonf/
4/ 0dZÆm odyÜ/ / vlom;jzpfvmvQif wduYk kd oif,&l pNryJ if/ (31) NrdKif/ / rkq;kd wdo Yk nf om;aumifvu kd &f ef odkY oGm;\/
5/ xef;avQm/f / xef;awmwGif udkom BudK;tjzpf oHk;av\/ (32) vlarmf// xl;cReo f l rsm;udk Edik if aH wmfucs;D `riS rhf I jyKae\/
6/ jrL // aqmif;tukef aEGtul; qdik ;f csed rf mS xef;cl;Mu\/ (33) rkcs/ / wu,fvyk v f Qif atmifjrifrnf/
7/ wHpdkY/ / rkqdk;onf ,kefom;udk jzif h xd;k umrD;zdw k iG f rmefwuf/ / tcsKd UrmS aiG*P k af Mumifh pdwjf rifu h m av\/
uifavonf/ (34) qG,f/ / wpfzuf wdkufppfrSL;\ eHab;wGif onfbuf
8/ &if;axmif^&if;qJ/G / xef;orm;onf yif0ufxd jzifw h ufNy;D uGi;f v,fvu l um rcGmwrf; vdu k favonf/
(35) paw; / / ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkatmifausmfonf
xef;yifZuf a&mufatmif ud k oHk;avh½Sdonf/
udv k ekd pD pfyv
k yd \f acsrLS ef;rSKjzifh touf cJ&h avonf/
9/ aomif;ajymif;// oD;pHk ½GufpHk a&mí csO&f nfcsux f m;yg/ (36) yvTm;/ / udv k ekd t D *Fvyd f tvdak wmf&w d Yo kd nf wdik ;f &if;om;wdYk
10/ tke;f cH/G / jrif;aumif;vdv k Qif udka½G;yg/ tay:wiG f armufrm cJhMuavonf/
11/ Oyg,f/ / bk&ifhaemifonf jzifh aemif½;kd wdu k yf GJ atmifc\ hJ / (37) MoZmwduúr / /ausmif;tkyfBuD;onf BuD;onhf
12/ axmif;axmif;/ / rD;cd;k aiGUwYkd xumawmrD;avmifae\/ tavsmuf olUpum;udk &yfuu G o
f m;wdyYk if emcHMuavonf/
13/ yk&pf / / ½Gufa<uyifwGif ½GufopfOD; av;rsm;xGuv f m\/ (38)tefw/k / yifvpkH w d "f mwfjzifh udv k ekd t
D pd;k &udk Edik cf \
hJ /
14/ wap // &moDpmtcsdKUudk ESpfaygufvHk; pm;oH;k Edik Nf y/D (39) toacsF / / pMu0VmtqHk;rJhonfh enf;wlyif aiGMu,f
15/ ydu k w f ef;/ / rkq;kd onf jzifh ,keaf xmifum [if;pm;½Sm\/ yGiw hf tYdk a&twGurf mS vnf; yif/
16/ pyspf / / a½S;cgu pm;zG,fwdkYudk xJwiG f jyifavh½o dS nf/ (40) o&pf // rdk;OD;tcg opfyifwum½Sd xGufopfp av;
(17) aoG;vefY// EkEkonf rdk;BudK;oHjzifh wwf o nf / rsm;udk awGU&onfrmS tm;wufz, G yf if/
(18) urf;uke/f / a'0'wf\ rdu k rf jJ cif;rSm avonf/ (41) MumouFef; / / tif;av;a'oxGuf rsm;onf
(19) a'oem / / jrwfAk'¨ a[mMum;oñfh awmfukd avhvmyg/ obm0 MumyifrS MumrQifrsm;udk cJ&mcJqpf&,l &ufvkyfxm;
(20)
(20)opfacguq f ;kd //a½S;acwfouFe;f txnfrsm;rSm "gwaf q;qd;k
jcif;jzpfayonf/
r[kwb f J rsm;om jzpfí obm0usvaS yonf/ (42) anmifapmif; / /aEG&moDaeYcif;cg q&mawmf used ;f puf&ef
(21) vSn;f pmacguf / / oeyfcg;acguf tpm; udk vdr;f Edik o f nf/ ausmif;0if; refusn;f &dyw f iG f udk cif;xm;ay;yg/
(22
(22) OD;cs / / 0guRwf"avhESifh tnD ½Sdcdk; aeonfh ajr;i,fukd (43) cifwef; / / ½Gmt0if vSn;f vrf;eHab;wpfavQmufwiG f rdak rmuf
bd;k bd;k u qkay;aeygonf/ jyefYjyL;aeaom ukef½dk; av;udk awGUEikd yf gonf/
(23) trQa0// jrefrmwdUk onf aumif;rSKjyKwikd ;f wpfyg;ol wdt Yk m; (44) a'gif;vef; / / jrefrmrIwiG f xrif;udk ,Ge;f wGif
ukov kd yf mG ;onfh tavht& pNrJ jzpfygonf/ jyifqifpm;aomufavh ½Syd gonf/
(24) tajc/ / rD', D mwdYk aus;Zl;jzifh ,aeYjrefrmh rnfodkY
½So
d nfukd urÇmu jrifEikd af vNy/D (45) ½GH½Sm // bwfpfum;pD;c&D;onfcsif; wGef;xdk;ae&mvkonfh
^,aeY yk*Hajrudk avhvmaxmufcsifhum a½S;yk*Hom;wdkU\ tavhukd ty,fvm;rnft h rItjzpf odjrifum tyfayonf/
rnfrQ jrifrh m;aMumif;ukd wGuq f Edik yf gonf/
(25) owå/d / ynm&ifu h suof nfEiS t hf rQ BuD;rm;\/
(26) vHkYv / / vlysif;wdkY\ wpfcP[k qkdMuonf/
(27) ZGJ/ / rqkwrf epfaom jzifh yef;wdik af &mufygap/
(28) o[J// vljywfaomvrf;rS oGm;vQif taz: yg ygap/

uAsmtvuFmrsm; pkpnf;azmfjycsuf 5/ awmifav½Skef;½Skef; (jrnfoHpJGtvuFm)
a½TESifh ,dk;rSm;rS tvuFm ajrmufyHk ]....}uAsmwGif rdk;v&moDESihftnD awmifavrsm;
wdu k cf wfavh ½Sad Mumif; azmfusL;onfph um;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
ar;cGef;oammm/ / udk,fajzqdkwJh tvuFmud k ]rnfonfh
oifcef; pmrSm rnfodkYoHk;xm;aMumif;}eJY tJh'DtvuFm[m awmifavrsm;wdkufcwfpOf xGufay:onfh jrnfoH
]tb,faMumifh xdt k vuFmajrmufaMumif;} ½Si;f jy&ygr,f/ ]½Sek ;f ½Sek ;f }udk xnfo h iG ;f a&;zGUJ xm;ojzifh jrnfopH JG tvuFm .../
usufrSwf&ef pepf/ / yk'f&if;eJY wGJzufNyD; tvuFmajrmufyHk 6/ rdk;cwftkef; jrnfoHpGJtvuFm
oabmudk *CeP aphiNk y;D rS aocsmrSwo f m;oifyh gw,f/ ]........}uAsmwGif rd;k v&moDEiS t hf nD rd;k avaumif;rGeyf ukH kd
1/ a½TESifh,dk;rSm; ( OyrmtvuFm ) zJUG qo kd nfh pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf /
þtvuFmud k]]a½TESifh,dk;rSm; yef;pHum;}} uAsmwGif rd;k onf;xefpmG ½GmoGe;f pOfxu G af y:onfh jrnfo]H tke;f }udk
yef;pHum;0gw\ Ykd ESpo f ufz,G tf qif;ukd ñTe;f qdo k nfh ykymÜ ;ol xnfo h iG ;f pyfqx kd m;aomaMumifh jrnfopH JG tvuFmajrmufygonf/
rde;f rysKd av;\ pum;wGif oH;k xm;ygonf/ 7/ apmewf½iS f (0uF0w k t då vuFm)
0if;0gaomtqif;jzifh ESpo f ufz, G ½f ydS kH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf ]]........}}uAsmwGif jrifpikd ;f aejynfawmfEiS hf jrifpikd ;f bk&if
pHum;0gyef; (tEdiI ;f cH)ud k a½T (tEIid ;f )ESESifh cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;aomaMumifh cHn
h m;wifw h ,fvu kd zf ufyu kH kd zJUG qo
kd nfh pum;tjzpf ........../
OyrmtvuFm ajrmufygonf/
jrifpdkif;bk&if[k wdkuf½dkufra&;bJ]apmewf½Sif}[k
2/ pum;yGiEhf iS Ehf iId ;f wifEh ;dk onf ( OyrmtvuFm ) oG,0f u kd zf UJG qkd xm;aomaMumifh 0uF0w k t då vuFmajrmufygonf/
]]......}}uAsmwGif rdrd\tvSudk wifpm; ñTef;qdkol
ykyÜm;olav;\ pum;tjzpf oHk;xm;ygonf/ 0dZÆmodyÜ vlUudpötvuFmtzJGU avhvmcsuf
8/ cHwiG ;f rJo h Ykd ( OyrmtvuFm )
ESpfvdkzG,f&mvSyyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf t jzpf tom;ta& ]0d Z Æ m od y Ü vl U ud p ö } uAsmwG i f ynmrJ h v Qif
0if;0gum ESpo f ufz, G f tqif;tcsi;f ½So d l rde;f rysKd (tEdiI ;f cH)udk vl&mr0ifEikd af Mumif; qH;k ronfh zcifyP k mÖ ;Bu;D \ pum;tjzpf..../
0if;0gaomtqif; oif;BuKd io f nf&h eH ½So
d nfh pHum;0gyef; (tEdiI ;f )ESihf vlyt kH v,fü yg0ifpum;qdEk ikd pf rG ;f r½Síd EIwq f w d f ae&yHk
cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;aomaMumifh OyrmtvuFm ajrmufygonf/ (tEdiI ;f cH)udk cHwiG ;f rJo h l pum;qdEk ikd pf rG ;f r½Syd (kH tEdiI ;f )ESihf tpGr;f rJyh kH
3/ ESvHk;rjcm; (0uF0kwådtvuFm) *kP&f nfwl tjzpf ckid ;f EdiI ;f xm;ojzifh OyrmtvuFm ajrmufygonf/
]] .......}}uAsmwGif cspo f cl ifyeG ;f tay: opöm xm;jrwf 9/ qifuef;wd;k odYk (OyrmtvuFm)
Ed;k aMumif; wdik w f nfol rde;f rysKad v;\pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ ]......}uAsmwGif ynmrJhol\pum;onf &nf½G,f&m
ra&muf jzpfwwfaMumif; qdq k ;kH rol zcifyP k mÖ ;Bu;D \ ........./
tjcm;wpfyg;olwdkYtay: arwåmouf0if ajymif;vJ
jcif;r½S[ d k wdu k ½f u
kd rf qkb
d J ]ESv;kH rjcm;}[k oG,0f u kd zf UJG qx kd m; ynmrJo h l pum;qdak omtcg xifrx d if&majymavh½ydS kH
(tEIid ;f cH)udk qifuef;awmwd;k aomtcg xifrx d if&moGm;yHk (tEdiI ;f )ESESifh
aomaMumifh 0uF0kwåd tvuFm ajrmufygonf/
tm;xkwaf omfvnf; vd&k modUk ra&muf jzpf&yHk *kP&f nfwtjzpf lt jzpf
jrifpdkif;a½Tjynfumcsif;rS avhvmzG,f tvuFm cdkif;EdIif;xm;ojzifh OyrmtvuFm.........../
4/ jrifpdkif;a½Tajr ^ jrifpdkif;a½Tjynf (½lyutvuFm) 10/ ewfpnf;pdro f (Ykd OyrmtvuFm)
]jrifpikd ;f a½Tjynf}uAsmwGif jrifpikd ;f Edik if aH wmfBu;D ESpo f uf ].......}uAsmwGif cHpm;&onfh pnf;pdrf rnfrQyif
jrwfEdk;zG,f wifhw,f om,myHkudk jrifpdkif;om;wdkYu [pfa<u; Bu;D rm;ygap ynmrJo h ül wifw
h ,frI rjzpfEikd af Mumif; om;[w¬yd gv
oDqdkonfh pum;tjzpf oHk;xm;ygonf/ owdkYom;udk qHk;rpum;qdkol zcifykPÖm;BuD;\ pum;tjzpf
oH;k xm;ygonf/
ESpfoufjrwfEdk;zG,f*kPf&nfwltjzpf jrifpdkif;EkdifiH
Bu;D rm;vSonfh pnf;pdryf rmP(tEdiI ;f cH)udk ewfwo Ykd m
(tEdiI ;f cH)ES i f h a½Tajrâ½Tjynfawmf (tEdiI ;f ) wkdYudk xyfwljyKa&; pHpm; cHpm;&onfph nf;pdr(f tEdiI ;f )ESihf yrmPBu;D jrwfykH *kP&f nfwl
zGUJ xm;aomaMumifh ½lyutvuFm ajrmufygonf/ tjzpf cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;ojzifh OyrmtvuFm........./

11/ a½Ttrd b f jkH rifh (½lyutvuFm) bkef;ESifh uHESifh a½ToZifrS tvuFmtzJGU avhvmcsuf
].......}uAsmwGif cHpm;&onfh pnf;pdrf rnfrQyif 17/ udE&é u D onfEh , S f (OyrmtvuFm)
Bu;D rm;ygap ynmrJo h ül wifw h ,frI rjzpfEikd af Mumif; om;[w¬yd gv ]bk e f ; ES i h f uH E S i h f a ½T o Zif } uAsmwG i f pmqd k u
owdo Yk m;udk qH;k rpum;qdo k l zcifyP k mÖ ;Bu;D \ pum;tjzpf.../ opfcyG ef;av;rsm;\ toGiu f kd zGEYJ UJG wifpm;&mwGif oH;k xm;ygonf/
crf;em;Bu;D us,w f ifw h ,fykH *kP&f nfwjl zpfonfh a½Ttrd f trlt&m ESpfoufzG,fvSyyHk *kPf&nfcsif;wlonfh
(tEdiI ;f cH)ES i f h bHjk rifh (tEdiI ;f )wdud Yku dk xyfwjl yK zGUJ qx kd m;ojzif.h .../ opfcGyef; av;rsm; avtodrf;wGif ,drf;EGJUvSKyf½Sm;aewwfyHk
12/ em;onfu h s;D rSs yrmusvrd hf (OyrmtvuFm) (tEdiI ;f cH)udk udE&é aD v; rsm; ,dr;f ,dr;f EGEJY UGJ uonf[ h ef (tEdiI ;f )ESihf
].......}uAsmwGif cHpm;&onfh pnf;pdrf rnfrQyif Bu;D rm; cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;aomaMumifh OyrmtvuFmajrmufygonf/
ygap ynmrJholü wifhw,frI rjzpfEdkifaMumif; qHk;rpum;qdkol 18/ yef;ysyH ifqifh (0uF0w k t då vuFm)
zcifyP k mÖ ;Bu;D \ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ ]....}uAsmwGif oZifyef;ESihf opfct G EG,0f if yef;av;wdYk
ewfpnf;pdrftvm; <u,f0rSKonf ynmrJholwGif wihw f ,fyiG v hf ef;yHu k kd az:usL;&mü pmqdu k oH;k xm;ygonf/
wifw h ,fjcif; rjzpfapyHk (tEdiI ;f cH)udk jymom'fzsm;üem;onfhusD;\ ]opfyifjrifhBuD;rsm;tay:ü ae&m,l aygufa&mufum
usufoa&rJhyHk (tEdIif;)ESifh aus;Zl;rJhjzpf&yHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf vef;vef;pGiphf iG hf zl;yGio hf nf}[k wdu k ½f u kd f rqdb k J ]yef;ysyH ifqif}h [k
cdik ;f EIid ;f xm;aomaMumifh OyrmtvuFmajrmufygonf/ oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm;ojzifh 0uF0w k t då vuFm ajrmufygonf/
13/ *kPef u YH if; (0uF0w k tdå vuFm) 19/ yifqihyf ef;ysH (0uF0w k t då vuFm)
].........} uAsmwGif ½kyftqifvSyygap ynmrJhvQif ]....}uAsmwG i f *rk e f ; tif t EG , f opf c G y ef ; pH k w d k Y \
vluJh&JUcH&zdkYom ½SdaMumif; om;jzpfoludk qHk;rpum; qdkol ayguaf &muf yGiv fh ef;yHk obm0udk az:usL;&mwGif pmqdku..../
zcifyP k mÖ ;Bu;D \ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ ]tjcm;aom yifjrifhxufü wifhw,f zl;yGifhonf}[k
wdu k ½f u kd rf qdb k J ]yifqifyh ef;ys}H [k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm;ojzifh .../
ynm[laom t&nftcsi;f aumif; ryg½dS[k wdu k ½f u
kd f
rqdb k J }}*kPef u YH if;}}[k oG,0f u kd zf UGJ qxkd m;aomaMumifh 0uF0w k då 20/ ajrESi&fh efbuf (0uF0w k t då vuFm)
tvuFmajrmufygonf/ ]....}uAsmwGif oZifopfcw G Ykd ayguaf &muf yGiv hf ef;yHu k kd
az:usK;&mü pmqdku oHk;xm;ygonf/
14/ *kPef YH (½lyutvuFm)
].......} uAsmwGif ½kyftqif;vSyygap ynmrJhvQif ]opfct G EG,0f ifyef;av;rsm;onf edru hf saom ajrjyifwiG f
vluJh&JUcH&zdkYom ½SdaMumif; om;jzpfoludk qHk;rpum; qdkol raygu}f [k wdu k ½f u kd rf qdb k J ]ajrESi&hf efbuf}[ko, G 0f u kd af &;zJUGxm;
ojzifh 0uF0w k t då vuFm ajrmufygonf/
zcifyP k mÖ ; Bu;D \ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ 21/ rd;k rc (0uF0w k t då vuFm)
ynm*kPt f &nftcsi;f (tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf arT;&eHY (tEdiI ;f )wdu Yk kd ].....}uAsmwG i f rd k ; a&xd c d k u f vG w f u if ; onf h
ysUHEx YHS if½mS ;wwfykH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf xyfwjl yKxm;aomaMumifh ½lyu oZifopfcw G \ Ykd *kP&f nfukd az:usL;&mü pmqdu k oH;k xm;ygonf/
tvuFm ajrmufygonf/ ]rd;k &moDwiG rf yGi?hf rd;k a&'PfrcH&} [k wdu k ½f u kd rf qdb k J
15/ vlaY yguyf ef; (½lyutvuFm) ]rd;k rc}[k oG,0f u kd f zGq YJ x kd m;aomaMumifh 0uF0w k t då vuFm..../
]......}uAsmwGif tqif;vSygvsuf ynmrJo h \l tjypfukd 22/ aqmif;puf&yd cf kd (0uF0w k t då vuFm)
azmfñeT ;f ajymqdo k nfh zcifyP k mÖ ;Bu;D \ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ ]....}uAsmwGif opfcGyef;av;rsm; yGifhvef;avh½Sdonfh
tqif;vSaomfvnf; ynmrJo h (l tEIid ;f cH)ESihf tqif;vS tcg&moDudk az:ñTef;&mü pmqdu k oHk;xm;ygonf/
ygvsuf &eHYrJhonfh aygufyef;(tEdIif;)wdkYudk tESpfrJhtcsif;rJhyHk ]aqmif;&moDtcgü yGiv hf ef;onf}[k wdu k ½f u kd rf qdb k J
*kP&f nfwt l jzpf xyfwjl yKxm;aomojzifh ½lyutvuFm..../ aqmif;puf½yd cf [ kd k oG,0f u kd zf UJG qx kd m;aomaMumifh 0uF0w k .då ../
16/ r[m'ku© wGi;f qH;k us (0uF0w k )då 23/ avmifyef;yGifh (0uF0w k t då vuFm)
]......}wGif ynmrJhol tdkrif;aomtcg &ifqdkifBuHK ].....}uAsmwGif oZifyef;ESihf *kPw f , k OS Nf yKd i&f ef rpGr;f om
awG&Y wwfonfh qif;&J'u k r© sm;udk azmfneG ;f ajymqdo k nfh zcifyP k mÖ ; onfh tjcm;aomyef;rsm;udk az:jy&mü oH;k xm;.........../
BuD;\ qHk;rpum;ü oHk;xm;ygonf/ ]tjcm;aomaeavmifcHyef;rsm;][k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ
tqif;&JBu;D qif;&Jonf[k wdu k ½f u
kd rf qdb k J ]r[m'ku© avmifyef;yGifh[k oG,f0dkuf a&;zJGUxm;ojzifh 0uF0kwådtvuFm
wGif;qHk;us}[k oG,f0dkufa&;zJGUxm;ojzifh 0uF0kwådtvuFm ajrmufygonf/
ajrmufygonf/
24/ a0,Heef;jrifh (0uF0w k t då vuFm) ].....}uAsmwGif waygi;f v&moDtcg0,f MunfE;l vGr;f
P97
]....}uAsmwGif crf;em;wifw h ,fpmG yGiv hf ef;avh½adS om qGwzf , G &f m awGUBuKH cpH m;Mu&yHu k kd az:usL;a&;zG&YJ mü oH;k xm;ygonf/
oZifyef;\*kP&f nfukd az:usL;&mü pmqdu k oH;k xm;ygonf/ odMumrif;[k wkduf½dkuf r&nfnTef;bJ ],k*efydkif
]odMum;rif;pH&mbHkewfeef;}[k wdkuf½dkufrzJGUqdkbJ (,k*E¨K&d af wmifukd ydik pf ;kd ol)}[k oG,0f u kd f zJUG qx kd m;ojzifh 0uF......../
]a0,Heef;jrif}h [ko, G 0f ukd af &;zJUG xm;ojzifh 0uF0w k .då ........./ XmeDjynfBuD;u a0;oESifhrS avhvmzG,f tvuFm
25/ jrwfyefawmfyef; (0uF0w k t då vuFm) 32/ wdrrf ifw;kH (½lyutvuFm)
].....}uAsmwGif oZifyef;onf jrifjh rwfol rif;rdz&k m;wdYk ].......}uAsmwGif wdrx f w k Ykd tHq Yk ikd ;f onfh awmtwGi;f
ta&;w,l yefqifonfh awmf0ifyef;jzpfyu kH kd pmqdu k ....../ Muiforl hJ a&muf½adS eol\ nnf;ñlpum;tjzpf oHk;xm; ygonf/
]jrifhjrwfaom rif;rdzk&m;wdkYom yefqifxdkufonfh rJ e uf a rS m if c J a om tqif ; ½S d y H k *k P f & nf w ltjzpf t jzpf
awmf0ifeef;oH;k yef;}[k wdu k ½f ukd rf a&;bJ ]jrwfyefawmfyef;}[k../ rd;k wdrx f \k rJarSmify(kH tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf rifw;kH rifc\J rJarSmifykH (tEdiI ;f )wdu Yk kd
26/ ESi;f aomuf (0uF0w k t då vuFm) xyfwjl yK a&;zJUG xm;aomaMumifh ½lyutvuFmajrmufygonf/
]....}uAsmwGif opfcGyef;av;rsm; yGifhvef;avh½Sdonfh 33/ rd;k vH;k tdoYkd (OyrmtvuFm)
tcg&moDudk az:ñTef;&mü pmqdu k oHk;xm;ygonf/ ].......}uAsmwGif t&yf½pS cf iG v f ;kH wdrx f w k Ykd tHq
Yk ikd ;f onfh
]aqmif;at;jr ESi;f &nf ESi;f ayguw f Ukd ukd cH,o l nf}[k awmtwGi;f Muiforl hJ a&muf½adS eol\ nnf;ñlpum;tjzpf ..../
wdu
k ½f u
kd rf zJUG bJ ]ESi;f aomuf}[k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm; ojzifh ..../ edrfhtdtkyfrdk;vmyHk *kPf&nfwtjzpf lt jzpf rdk;om;wdrfxkwdkY
edrfhqif;vmaeyHk(tEdIif;cH)udk rdk;aumifuifBuD; NydKtdedrhfus
waygif;ñSmusifrS avhvmzG,f tvuFm vmyH(k tEdiI ;f )ESihf cdik ;f EdiI ;f zGUJ qx kd m;ojzif.h ....../
27/ yk&pfu,fa½TO (½lyutvuFm) 34/ a½Tbw k uf ,fto D nf (jrnfopH t JG vuFm)
]wygif ; ñS m usif } uAsmwG i f vwaygif ; cg0,f ]....}uAsmwGif awmxJ0,f bkwfiSufatmfjrnfoH
opfyifyef;ref wdüYk yk½pfz;l av;rsm; xGujf yLum vSywifw h ,fyu kH kd
pmqdu k az:usL; a&;zJUG &mwGif oH;k xm;ygonf/ vGr;f aqG;zG,f jzpfyu kH kd cHpm;rdo\ l qdn k nf;oH tjzpf......./.
yHo
k P²mefv;kH 0ef;um tqif;0if;0if;0g0gjzihf ESpo f ufz, G f jrdKifajctkyfqDu bkwfiSuf atmfjrnfoH ] tD }udk
&m½SdykH *kP&f nfcsi;f wlaom yk&pfz;l (tEdiI ;f cH)ESifh a½TO(tEdiI ;f )...../ xnfo h iG ;f zGUJY qx kd m;aomaMumifh jrnfopH t GJ vuFmajrmufygonf/
28/ o&zDa½Tcikd f (½lyutvuFm) 35/ a'gi;f utd;k a0 (jrnfopH t JG vuFm)
].........}uAsmwGif waygif;v\ &moDyef;jzpfaom ]....}uAsmwG i f awmxJ 0 ,f a 'gif ; iS u f a tmf j rnf o H
yef;o&zDwYkd awmjrKd it f wGi;f om,mMunfE;l zG,f yGiv hf ef;aeyHu k kd vGr;f aqG; zG,f jzpfapyHu k kd cHpm;rdo\ l qdn k nf;oH tjzpf ..../
azmfusL;zJUG q&kd mü oH;k xm;ygonf/ pdrBhf u;D NrKd iaf csmifu Oa'gi;f wd\Yk atmfjrnfoH ]BuKd ;acG}udk
0if ; 0if ; 0g0gjzif h ES p f o uf z G , f t qif ; ½S d y H k xnfo h iG ;f zGUJY qx kd m;aomaMumifh jrnfopH t GJ vuFmajrmufygonf/
*kPf&nfcsif;wlonfh o&zDtyGifhtcdkif(tEdIif;cH)ESifh a½TyGifha½Tcdkif 36/ awmarsmufuBuKd ;acG (jrnfopH t GJ vuFm)
(tEdiI ;f )wku Yd kd xyfwjl yKzUGJ ....../ ]....}uAsmwGif awmxJ0,f awmarsmufatmfjrnfoH
29/ odu k ef ef; (½lyutvuFm) vGr;f aqG;zG,f jzpfyu kH kd cHpm;rdo\l qdn k nf;oHtjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
]........} uAsmwGif waygi;f vtcg iSuaf us;om&umwdYk pdrfhBuD;NrdKifacsmifu awmarsmufwdkY\ atmfjrnfoH
jrL;aysmu f m MunfE;l zG,½f ydS u kH kd azmfñeT ;f pyfq&kd mü oH;k xm;ygonf/ ]BuKd ;acG} udk xnfo h iG ;f zGUJY qx kd m;aomaMumifh jrnfopH .GJ .../
arG U a vsmf w ih f w ,f a om cd k a tmif ; aexd k i f z G , f & m 37/ xdru f eG ;f i,fc(kd 0uF0w k t då vuFm )
*kP&f nfcsi;f wlonfh toku d (f tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf eef;awmf(tEdiI ;f )....../ ]...}uAsmwGif taemuft&yfoYkd aerif;BuD; a½GUvsm;
30/ jcrd t hf ek ;f i,fusL;oD (jrnfopH t JG vuFm) oG m ;onfudk wifpm;azmfusL;onfh pum;tjzpfoHk; xm;ygonf/
].......}uAsmwGif waygif;v&moDtcg awmawmif ]aerif ; onf taemuf t &yf o d k Y 0if o G m ;onf }[k
0ef;usif 0,f iSuaf us;pHw k Ukd om,mjrL;aysmyf u kH kd azmfusL;zJUG q&kd mü wdu k ½f u kd rf qdb k J ]xdru f eG ;f i,fc}kd [k oG,0f u kd f zJq
YG xkd m;ojzif.h ...../
oH;k xm;ygonf/ 38/ ol&uefpuf( 0uF0w k t åd vuFm )
aus;iSuftaygif;wdkU jrL;aysmfwGefusL;&mu xGufay: ]...}uAsmwGif taemuft&yfoYkd aerif;BuD; a½GUvsm;
vmonfh jrnfoH ]Ncrd t hf ek ;f }udk xnfo h iG ;f a&;zJUG xm;........./ oG m ;onfudk wifpm;azmfusL;onfh pum;tjzpfoHk; xm;ygonf/
31/ ,k*efyikd f (0uF0w k t då vuFm)
awmifolBuD;oifcef;pmwGif avhvmzG,f tvuFmrsm; aqmif;&wkyJG tvuFm
39/ cuf&if;pG,pf kH pdeaf wmifBu;D ( ½lyu ) 47/ vdyfjymu at;wmrdkY (0uF0kwåd)
]awmifoBl u;D }uAsmwGif rdru d ikd pf aJG om vufeuf tpGrf; ]aqmif;&wky}JG uAsmwGif tdypf ufrw Sd af ysmíf r&Edik af tmif
xufyHkudk &JrufawmifolBuD; 0ifh<um;onfh pum;tjzpf ...../ csr;f at;vSaMumif; pmqdu k cHpm;zJUG q&kd mwGif oH;k xm;ygonf/
BuD;rm;cRefxufrmausmyHk *kP&f nfwt l jzpf pG,pf kH ]&if
&ifwGif; pdwfESvHk;om; xdatmif pdrfhat;onf[k
cuf&if;vufeuf(tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf pdeaf wmifBu;D (tEdiI ;f )wdu Yk kd tEdiI ;f xyfwl wdu k ½f u kd rf qdb k J ]vdyjf ymu at;wmrd}Yk [k oG,0f u kd .f ..../
jyKxm;aomaMumifh ½lyutvuFm ajrmufygonf/ 48/ aoG;vefv Y cYkd ek f (twdo,0kw)då
40/ &efrD; ( ½lyu ) ].....}uAsmwGi.f .......( 47 - twdik ;f ajzyg/ )
].....}uAsmwGif &efot l aygi;f udk &nfnTef;um Burd ;f armif; ]csrf ; at;vG e f ; onf h cH p m;rS K }}udk omrefrQ rqdkbJ
BuKH ;0g;aeonfh &JrufawmifoBl u;D \ pum;....../ ]aoG;vefv Y cYkd ek }f [k tvGet f MuL;zJUG qx kd m;aomaMumifh ..../
tusd K ;pD ; yG m ;zsuf q D ; wwf y H k *k P f & nf w ltjzpf t jzpf 49/ ref;wkeaf tmif vrf;qHu k [pfcsiaf wmh ( twdo,0kwdå )
ab;&ef(tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf rD;(tEdiI ;f )wdu Yk kd xyfwjl yKcikd ;f EdKS i;f ....../ ].....}wG i f tcsrf ; 'Pf a Mumif h aqmuf w nf & mrJ h
cHpm;&yHu k kd pmqdu k azmfñeT ;f &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/
41/ &efnGefY ( ½lyu )
].....}uAsmwGif ( 40- twdik ;f ajzyg ).../ ]rcHr&yf rxdef;csKyfEdkifavmufatmif tcsrf;onf;
onf}udk omrefrQrqdb k J ]ref;wkeaf tmif ......................../
ab;&ef ( tEd I i f ; cH ) ES i f h tnG e f Y t wuf ( tEd I i f ; )wd k Y u d k 50/ aiGESE Si f ; ( ½lyu )
yGm;rsm;vmwwfykH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf xyfwjl yK............/ ]......}uAsmwGif rEåav;aqmif;n\ jyifyywf0ef; usif
42/ ewf½iS u fh Re(f 0uF0w k )då tajcu
tajcudk pmqku d az:neT ;f zGq YJ &kd mü oHx k m;ygonf/
].....}uAsmwGif ( 40- twdik ;f ajzyg ).../ azG;azG;jzLtqif; ½SdyHk *kPf&nfwl aiG (tEdIif;)ESifh
]bk & if r if ; jrwf \ trS K xrf ; aus;uG s ef & if ; }}[k ESi;f (tEIid ;f cH) wdu Yk kd tEdKS i;f xyfwjl yKxm;aomaMumifh ...../
wduk ½f ukd f rqdb k J ]ewf½iS u hf Re}f [k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm;ojzif.h .../ tuRefwdkYv,f aumufpdkufwkef;urS tvuFmrsm;
43/ cE¨mpJ( 0uF0kwådtvuFm ) 51/ xef;yifBu;D u jzpfonfah ½T (0uF0w k )då
].....}uAsmwGif ( 40- twdik ;f ajzyg ).../ ]tuRew f v Ykd ,f aumufpu kd w f ek ;f u}uAsmwGif [efu
]&ifqdkifwkNydKifvmolrSeforQ ½SKH;edrfhum aoqHk;&rnf} uolaumufpu kd o f rav;rsm; ajymqdo k nfh ............./
[k wdu k ½f ukd rf qdb k J ]cE¨mpJr,f}[k oG,0f u kd .f ../ ]0if ; 0gaom xef ; ½G u f E k j zif h jyKvk y f x m;onf h
44/ ig;pD;qifajymifh tm;ayud(k twdo,0kwdå ) tqifwefqm} [k wdu k ½f u kd f rqdb k J ]xef;yifBu;D u ...../
].....}uAsmwGif ( 40- twdik ;f ajzyg ).../ 52/ uRJcwfonhf[ef ( Oyrm )
]rd r d \ cG e f t m;AvBuD ; rm;yH k }udk omrefrQ rqdkbJ ].........} wGif rdrw d [ef Ykd[efuonfh trlt&mudk trTr;f wif
]qifajymif ig;pD;tvm; cGet f m;Bu;D rm;onf}[k tvGet f MuL; ../ oDqo kd l aumufpu kd o f rav;wd\ Yk pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
45/ &J&efnGefYNzdK ( 0uF0kwådtvuFm ) aumufpu kd o f rav;rsm; [efuu OD;acgi;f ,dr;f EGpYJ Of
].....}uAsmwGif ( 40- twdik ;f ajzyg ).../ AsmygqHav;ESpfzuf vSKyfcwfaeyHk(tEdIif;cH)udk uJRcwfonfhtcg
&eftygif;udk &J&J0Hh0Hh wdkufcdkuf acsrSKef;on onf [kwu kd ½f ukd f OD;csLd ESpzf uf vSKycf wfykH (tEdiI ;f )ESihf trlt&mtoGi*f P k &f nfwt l jzpf
rqdb k J ]&J&efneG jYf zKd }[k oG,0f u kd f zJUG qxkd m;ojzif.h ./ cdkif;EdIif;......./
46/ ud;k ydómpD;"m;rBu;D (twdo,0kw)då 53/ yH;k zmarSmufqif ( 0uF0w k då )
]....}uAsmwGif udik pf aJG om vufeuf aMumufrufzG,f ].........}wGif [efu uyJGü tvSqHk;jyifqifvmyHkudk
tpGrf;xufyHkukd &JrufawmifoBl u;D 0if<h um;onfh ....../ xkwaf z:oq D o kd l aumufpu kd o f rav;rsm;\ pum;tjzpf ....../
"m;r\t½G,ftpm;BuD;rm;onfudk omrefrQ rqdb k J ]½So d rQt0wfwefqmwdjYk zifh tpGrf;ukef tvSjyifqif
]ud;k ydómpD;"m;rBu;D }[k tvGet f MuL;........./ onf }[k wdu k ½f u kd rf qdb k J ]yH;k zmarSmufqif}[k oG,0f u kd f ....../

oifaooGm;aomfrS tvuFmavhvmcsuf 60/ pH&k yd Nf rKd iq
f , G u f EÅmv,f(0uF0w k )då
P99
54/ opömta&mi ta&mif (½lyu) ]..........}wGif vlom;wkdY awGUBuHK&onfh b0jzpfpOf
]]oifao oGm;aomf}}uAsmwGif EdkifiHom;wpfOD; qlBuKH erd jhf rifu
h kd azmfneT ;f &mü pmqdku oHk;xm;ygonf/
aqmif ½ G u f oif h a om trsd K ;bmom wm0ef w pf & yf u d k cufcMJ urf;wrf;qd;k aumif; a&mjyrG ;f onfh b0jzpfpOfrsm;
pmqdu k wdu k wf eG ;f &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/ tv,f[k wku d ½f u
kd rf qdb
k J ]pH&k yd Nf rKd iq
f , G }f [k oG,0f u
kd f ..../
yuwdtrSeo f abmudk xif½mS ;azmfjywwfykH *kP&f nfwl
tjzpf opömw&m;(tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf ta&miftvif;(tEdiI ;f )wdUkukd xyfwNl yK 61/ aqGaumif;vHv Yk (½lyu)
]........}wGif rdr\
d pGr;f tm;oH;k &yfukd c&D;oGm;a,mufsm;
a&;zJUG xm;aomMumifh ½lyutvuFmajrmufygonf/ azmfñeT ;f ajzqdo k nfh pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
55/ ÚmPfwefaqmif(½lyu) aus;Zl ; aumif ; usd K ; atmif j rif jzpf x G e f ; Ed k i f a pyH k
]]oifao oGm;aomf}}uAsmwGif EdkifiHom;wpfOD; *kP&f nfwtjzpf
lt jzpf rdwaf qGaumif;(tEdiI ;f )ESihf vHUk v(tEdiI ;f cH)wkUd ukd
aqmif ½ G u f oif h a om trsd K ;bmom wm0ef w pf & yf u d k xyfwjl yKxm;ojzifh ½lyutvuFmajrmufygonf/
pmqdu k wdu k wf eG ;f &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/
62/ oH;k azmfaqG (0uF0w k )då
yuwd o abmud k cJ G j cm;od j rif E d k i f p G r f ; ½S d a pyH k
]].......}}wGif c&D;oGm;a,mufsm;\ pGrf;tm;oHk;&yfudk
*kPf&nfwltjzpf t jzpf ÚmPfynm(tEdIif;cH)ESifh wefaqmifqDrD; odjrifomG ;onfh pmqd\ k 0rf;ajrmufpum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
(tEdiI ;f )wdUk ukd xyfwNl yK ...../
Ny;D ajrmuf atmifjrifaponfh owå?d ZJ?G vHv Yk [k wku d ½f ukd f
56/ opömta&mif ÚmPfwefaqmif(½lyu) rqdb k J ]oH;k azmfaqG}[k oG,0f u kd zf UGJ qx kd m;ojzifh 0uF0w k .då ..../
]]oifao oGm;aomf}}uAsmwGif EdkifiHom;wpfOD; 63/ oH;k azmfaqGvJ wl,OS w f (GJ 0uF0w k då )
aqmif ½ G u f oif h a om trsd K ;bmom wm0ef w pf & yf u d k ].........} wGif c&D;oGm;a,mufsm;\ pGr;f tmm;oH;k &yfukd
pmqdu k wdu k wf eG ;f &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/ odjrifoGm;onfh pmqdk\ 0rf;ajrmufpum; tjzpf oHk;xm;ygonf/
yuwdoabmudk ydik ;f jcm;odjrifEidk pf rG ;f ½Sad pyHk *kP&f nfwl tcuftcJrsm;udk jzwfoef;jy;D ajrmuf atmifjrifaponfh
tjzpf o pö m w&m;(tEd I i f ; cH ) ES i f h ta&mif t vif ; (tEd I i f ; )? *kP&f nf oH;k &yf ( owå?d ZJ?G vHUkv)ESihf jynfhpHkonf[k wdu k ½f ukd rf qdb k J
ÚmPfynm(tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf wefaqmifqrD ;D (tEdiI ;f )wdUk ukd xyfwjl yK ../ ]oH;k azmfaqGvJ wl,OS w f }GJ [k oG,0f u kd zf UGJ qkd xm;ojzifh ../
ol&aJ umif; oH;k a,mufEiS h f c&D;onfrS avhvmzG,f tvuFm
57/ ol&Jaumif;oHk;a,mu a,muf (0uF0w k )då 64/ yJw G ikd ;f ausm(f 0uF0w k )då
]ol&aJ umif;oH;k ,mufEiS hf c&D;onf}uAsmwGif owå?d ZG?J ]].....}}wGif owåd? ZGJ? vHkUv ESifhjynfhpHkol c&D;oGm;
vHv
Yk wd\ Yk pGr;f tm;xufjrufyu kH kd pmqdu k wifpm;a&;zG.YJ .../ a,mufsm;udk uAsm½Sifu a0zefoHk;oyf csD;usL; rSwfcsufjyKonfh
tcuftcJrSeforQudk &ifqdkifatmifjrifEdkipGfp Gr f ; onfh pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
t&nftcsif;aumif;oHk;&yf[k wkduf½dkufrqdkbJ ]ol&Jaumif;oHk; ta&;BuKH wikd ;f tEdik &f atmifjrifo[ l k wdu k ½f ukd rf qdb k J
a,muf}[k oG,0f u kd f zJUG qx
kd m;ojzifh 0uF0w k .då ......../ yJw
G ikd ;f ausm[ f k oG,0f u kd zf UGJ qx
kd m;ojzifh 0uF0w k då ...../
58/ c&D;onf^c&D;oGm; (0uF0w k då ) 65/ awmfayhval rmf yJw G ikd ;f ausm(f 0uF0w k då )
]........}wGif vlom;\ b0jzpfpOfukd wifpm;zJUG q&kd mü ]........}wG i f owå d ? ZG J ? vH k U v ES i f h j ynf h p H k o l
oH;k xm;ygonf/ c&D ; oG m ;a,muf s m;ud k uAsm½S i f u a0zef o H k ; oyf csD ; usL;
rSwcf sujf yKonfh pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
]b0twGuf ½ke;f uef&olvo l m;}[k wdu
k ½f u kd f rqdb
k J
]c&D;onf^c&D;oGm;}[k oG,0f u kd f zJUG qx
kd m;ojzifh ...../ ta&;BuKH wikd ;f tEdik &f atmifjrifol vlcRev f al umif;[k
wdu k ½f u kd rf qdb k J ]awmfayhval rmf yJw G ikd ;f ausm}f [k oG,0f u kd f ..../
59/ tdb k ,fa,mufsm;(0uF0w k t då vuFm) ESif;udk jrifcdkufrS tvuFmrsm;
]..........}wGif b0c&D;udk jzwfoef;ae&ol vlom;udk
wifpm;ac:qo dk nfh tmvkypf um;tjzpf pmqdu k oH;k xm;ygonf/ 66/ ESif;&ifekrS oZifvS( 0uF0w k då )
]]ESif;udkjrifcdkuf}} uAsmwGif trsdK;om;pnf;vHk;rIjzifh
tazmfryg wpfudk,fwnf; b0c&D;&ifqdkifae&oll vGwfvyfa&; atmifyJGqifEGJEdkifyHkudk pmqdkuwifpm;a&;zJGU&mwGif
vlom;[k wdu k ½f u
kd rf qdb
k J ]tdb k ,fa,mufusm;}[k ....../ oH;k xm;ygonf/
Q
100 wuúodkvf0ifwef;jrefrmpm
trsKd ;om;pnf;vH;k nDnw G rf \I tusKd ;w&m;atmify[ GJ k tjzp
tjzpf uAsmvuFm (tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf vdKS i;f (tEdiI ;f )wdu Yk kd ....../
wdu
k ½f u kd f rqdb k J ]ESi;f &ifErk o aqmif;v&moD\ yef;oZi
S Zifv}S (aqmif oZif 74/ rdk;vnf;usOf;pGâjri,fvSwnfY ôrk'´&m rzJGUomao;
)[k oG,0f u kd af &;zGUx J m;ojzihf 0uF0w k t då vuFmajrmufygonf/ (twdo,0kwdå )
67/ cspt f arG(0uF0w k )då ]]......}}wGif ( txuf 72 twdik ;f ajzyg ) /
]].......}}wGif bdk;bGm;pOfquf xdef;odrf; umuG,f uAsmpmqd\ k tEkynm tm;rmef Bu;D rm;yHu k kd omrefrQ
vufqifh urf;cJo h nfh jynfaxmifpEk ikd if H jzpfyu kH kd &nfneT ;f zJUG ../ rqdb k J yrmPcsi;f ,SOv f u kd vf Qif rd;k aumif;uifyif usO;f ^ ajrjyifrmS
wd k i f ; &if ; jynf a xmif p k o m;tm;vH k ; cspf j rwf E d k ; pG m i,fumôrk'&´ monfyif rajymyavmuf[k tvGet f MuL; .../
wefz;kd xm; xde;f odr;f apmifah ½Smuf cH,t l yfonhf vGwv f yfaom 75/ wefaqmifr;D ½S;I (0uF0w k )då
jynfaxmifp[ k k wdu k ½f u kd rf qdb k J ]cspt f arG}[k ............/ ]]......}}wGif ( txuf 72 twdik ;f ajzyg ) /
68/ bd;k bGm;ay;a0(0uF0w k då ) t½Sed t f [kef tpOfrjywf xGe;f opfaeonfh tEkynm
]].......}}wGif bdk;bGm;pOfquf xdef;odrf; umuG,f tm;rmef[k wku d ½f u
dk f rzGUJ bJ ]wefaqmifr;D ½I;}[k ......./
vufqifh urf;cJo h nfh jynfaxmifpEk ikd if H jzpfyu kH kd &nfneT ;f zJUG .../
wdkif;&if;om; bdk;bGm;wdkY tpOftquf xdef;odrf; 76/ vuFmrmef (½lyu)
apmif h a ½S m uf vuf q if h u rf ; cJ Y o nf [ k wd k u f ½ d k u f r zJ G U bJ ]]......}}wGif ( txuf 72 twdik ;f ajzyg ) /
]bd;k bGm;ay;a0..}[k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm;ojzifh ........./ jyif ; jyxuf o ef y H k *k P f & nf w l t jzpf uAsmvuF m
69/ oZifyiG Ohf ;D olMunfE;l (0uF0w k )då (tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf rmef ( tEdiI ;f )wdUk ukd xyfwjl yK............ /
]]........}}wGif jrefrmwdik ;f &if;om;wdUk\aoGpnf;cspMf unfrKS 77/ [l;[l;l xef (jrnfopH )JG ^ jyif;jyif;xefxef
ordik ;f pOfukd owd&0rf;ajrmufrad Mumif; pmqdu k azmfjyonf.h .../ ]]......}}wGif ( txuf 72 twdik ;f ajzyg ) /
aqmif;v&moDtcgEiS hf qufpyfvsu½f o dS nfh aoG;pnf; wefaqmifrD;½SL; jyif;jyif;xefxef awmufavmif&mrS
cspf M unf r I ord k i f ; pOf w d k U u d k atmuf a rh owd & rd o nf [ k xGuaf y:onfh jrnfo]H ][l;[l;}}udk xnfo h iG ;f a&;zJUG xm;......../
wduk ½f u kd rf qdb k J ]oZifyiG Ohf ;D olMunfE;l }[k ....../
tEkynmonf\ tm;rmefwGif tvuFm avhvmcsuf 78/ rk;d OD;o&pf tm;tifopfoUkd (Oyrm)
70/ uAsmaumif;uif (½lyu)
]]......}}wGif rdrd ESKd ;aqmfwifjyonfh todtjrif pGr;f yum;
xufjrufyu kH kd azmfneT ;f a&;zJUG &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/
]]tEkynmonf\ tm;rmef}}uAsmwGif uAsm½Sif
usufpm; arGUavsmf&m uAsmhtEkynme,fy,fudk pmqdk u tbd " r® m pG r f ; yum;(tEd I i f ; cH ) ud k rd k ; OD ; wG i f ½ S i f o ef
azmfneT ;f &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/ xdk;xGufvmonfh o&pftnGefY(tEdIif;)ESifh tm;opftifopfyGm;
arGUavsmf&m e,fy,f us,f0ef;yHk *kuf&nfwtjzpf lt jzpf apaom tmedoif½ydS kH *kP&f nfwtjzpf lt jzpf ............../
uAsmth Ekynme,f (tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf aumif;uif(tEdiI ;f )wdUk ukd xyfwjl yK 79/a½TpifoeG ;f odYk (Oyrm)
71/ &ifraS yguzf mG ;ywåjrm; (0uF0w k )då ]]...... }}wGirf rd d Ed;I aqmf wifjyonfh todtjrif pGryf um;
avmu vlom;wdkUtv,f 0ifhxnfyHkudk pmqkdu zJGU&mwGif
]].....}}wGif rdrzd efw;D wifjyonhf tEkynm&otvS\
wefz;kd jrifrh m;yHuk kd uAsm½Siu f wifpm;pyfq&kd mü oH;k xm;ygonf/ oH;k xm;ygonf/
tbd"r®mtodtjrif(tEdIif;cH)udk ½Tef;vuf0if;yonfh
tzd;k xdu k v
f oS nfh zefw;D rItEkvuf&m[k wdu k ½f u
kd rf qdk
bJ ]]&ifrS ayguzf mG ; ywåjrm;}}[k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm;ojzifh ../ a½T p if oG e f ; vuf & m(tEd I i f ; )ES i f h jrwf E d k ; ES p f o uf z G , f ½ S d y H k
*kP&f nfwtj ltjzpf cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;ojzifh OyrmtvuFm ajrmufygonf/
72/ rmefr;D cJ (½lyu)
]]......}}wGif rdrdwGif tEkynm tm;rmef xufoef 80/ pmayyGizfh ;l (½lyu)
]]......}} wGif rdrzd efw;D onfh tEkynm\ ESpo f ufarGU
wuf<uyHu k kd pmqdu k azmfñeT ;f a&;zGUJ &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/
avsmzf , G f ½Syd u kH kd wifpm;zJUG q&kd mü oH;k xm;ygonf/
&J&Jawmuf jyif;xefaom t½Sdeftm;½SdyHk *kPf&nfwl
tjzpf tEkynmtm;rmef(tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf rD;cJ(tEdiI ;f )wdUk ukd ......./ tm;opftifopfyGm;apum ESpfoufjrwfEdk;zG,f½SdapyHk
*kPf&nfwltjzpf pmaytekynm(tEdIif;cH)ESifh yef;tyGifhtzl;
73/ vuFm vSdKif; (½lyu) (tEdiI ;f )wdUk ukd xyfwjl yK .........../
]]......}}wGif ( txuf 72 twdik ;f ajzyg ) /
tqufrjywf jzpfxeG ;f Edik o f nfh pGr;f tm;½Syd kH *kP&f nfwl
uAsmcufqpftzGifhrsm; pkpnf;csuf
a½TESifh,dk;rSm; yef;pHum;
1/ ,dk;rSm; = qifwo l nf/ 29/ ajrmS ufpnf = rif;{u&mZfwYkd 0ifawmfr&l ef wD;&onfh
2/ odk; = OD ;xkyf (odrYk [kw)f carmuf/ onf/
3/ pHak wmjym; = opfyiffcsKHE, G rf sm;xlxyfrsm;jym;pGm 30/ wufwrd af vm = aumif;uifoYkd wufaeaom wdraf vm/
ayguf&mmawm/ 0dZÆm odyÜ vlYudpö
4/ eH½Y mS ; = &eHaY rT;BuKd io f nf/ 31/ 0dZÆmodyÜ = todynm twwfynm/
5/ cgwef = tcsed o f if/h tcgoif/h 32/ ous½yl H = pGr;f Edik af omoabm/
6/ nufvSjympif = El;ñHph ifMu,faom tom;ta&½So d /l 33/ aysmyf g;vGif = aysmyf g;aygw h efpmG aeonf/
7/ r,ho f nfyif = r,fch spo f /l 34/ obif = tpkta0;/
8/ Nrw d v f wG f = wpfywfvQKd wpfywf&pf qHx;kH / 35/ rNyUJ = rxif½mS ;/
9/ pkvnf; = OD;pGef;udk Muufawmifpnf;í xH;k aom 36/ cHwiG ;f rJh = ajymp&mcHwiG ;f r½S/d
qHx;kH / 37/ ½G½H mS = vefxd Yx w d /f
10/ rsK;d onfrif; = vifa,mufsm;/ 38/ uspfvspf = odyfonf;ydjym;onf/ pnf;urf; ½So d nf/
11/ rsuo f wk ef pD if = pifMu,faom rsuEf mS okwfy0gteD/ 39/ [kwv f Ed ;kd Ed;k = [kwv f rd rhf nf[k xifrw S v f su/f
a½Tcg;pnf;y0g/ 40/ orÁef = tquf uftpyf/
12/ &xnf; = eBH u;D ydwaf csmtxnf/ 41/ ygXaf vQmuf = ygVdV ad wmf tpOftwdik ;f /
13/ zsif = tuÐs/ 42/ wzsiw hf yg; = rnDrñGw/f ,Gi;f ,Gi;f cRwcf Rw/f
14/ usKd i;f pifjr0g = zGUH zHUG xmG ;xGm; pifMu,f pdjyn kjynf
j ynol/ 43/ jym omm 'fzsm; = bHt k qifEh iS hf xkyu d mygaom
cspcf if Muifemol/ taqmufttH\ k xdyfzsm;/
15/ rwfBu;D vsm = trwfBu;D tjzpf vsm vsmxm;jcif;cH&ol/ 44/ t*Fypöif = t*FgBu;D i,f/
45/ vlaY yguyf ef; = tqif;om½Síd tcsif;r½So d /l
jrifpdkif;a½Tjynf 46/ oGr;f rSe;f odaxG = tusiq hf ;kd oGr;f aMumif;udk odí
16/ wm0wðom = ewfjynf ajcmufxyfwiG f ESpx f yfajrmuf 47/ rusio hf ;D = rusiBhf u/H
aom ewfjynf/ 33 OD;aom ewfrif;wdYk 48/ r[m'ku© = Bu;D rm;aom qif;&J/
tkypf ;kd aom ewfjynf/ 49/ wGi;f qH;k us = tqif;&JBu;D qif;&Jonf/
17/ yef;oifacG = oif;acGyef;/ 50/ aemifw = jyKoifo h nfukd rjyKr?d rjyKoifo h nfukd
18/ cscD s,f = cscD s<D u<u/ tvH;k pH/k jyKro d nft h wGuf tcsed v f eG rf S ylyeefjcif;/
19/ a½TpmwD = a½TapwD/
20/ o&D&"mwfp, G f = ud, k cf E¨mrS jzpfaom "mwfawmf/ aEGOD;umv jrLxaomcg
pG,af wmf/ 51/ jrL = ajrvTm txuf0ef;usiüf &pfqd qkdif;
21/ rSnahf qmvG,f = tjref&ifrh n S v hf ,
G o f nf/ aewwfaom tcd;k taiGU/
22/ vdkpdk; = tvdk½Sdwdkif; tpd;k &onf/ vdw k ikd ;f 52/ &if ;axmif = xef;yif\ atmufajc t&if;rS
&Edik o f nf/ axmifí wuf&aomavSum;i,f/
23/ usuaf jr = xGe, f ufpu kd yf sK;d &dwo f rd ;f NyaD omajr/ 53/ &if ; qJ G = xef;yiftxufrS atmufow Ykd vsm;
GJvsm;
24/ pmaET; = tpmudk ETmonf/ ETifonf/ cGmonf/ csíxef;yifEiS hf uyfcsnx f m;aom
25/ ,&nf; = qifxed ;f / xef ;wuf a vS
u m;i,f /
26/ oGe;f oGe;f = jrifjh rifph iG phf iG /hf ao;ao;oG,o f , G /f 54/ "m;ES;D = xef;vS;D "m;/
27/ apmvl; = jrifjh rwf? ysK½d , G af omrif;/ 55/ uvd i
k f = xef;jyif&mwGif xef;xufukd xef;yif
28/ quf'ef = quú'EÅ/ ta&mif ajcmufyg;ESihf vH;k rSumG atmif xd;k uvefNY y;D xef;orm;
jynfph akH om tpG,½f o dS nfq h ifjzL/ xd ik &f aom wkwfacsmif;/
56/ xef;avQmf = xef;vufrS cGm,lxm;aom waygif;nSmusif
tacguaMfaMumm/ 81/ ñSmusif = tcsed Mf umanmif;í opf½u G t f ñSmrsm;
57/ ,keyf u kd pf nf; = ,keaf xmif&ef ydu k w f ef;pnf;/ &ifah &mfa[mif;EGr;f onf/
58/ ½du
k [ f nf; = [de;f í ysUH EUHS onf/ 82/ ½Guaf &mfvpS f = a&mf½u G 0f grsm;udk a>conf/
59/ aomif;ajymif; = ta&ma&m/ taESmaESm/ 83/ yk&pf = xGuf c gpt½Gu/f xGucf gptzl;/
60/ wHpYkd = rD;uif&ef om;ig; xd;k vQKd &aom 84/ ywfu;kH = teD;wpf0u kd f e,fy,fa'o/
tzsm;cRef tacsmif; tw w H/ 85/ oHanmif; = om,mNidNidrfhanmif;aom toH/
61/ ES;D a'gi;f vef; = 0g;ES;D udk &ufvyk x f m;aom ajcaxmuf 86/ aomif&if; = aomif\ teD;qH;k ae&m/ aomifpyf/
wyfAefAef;Bu;D / 87/ ,k*ef = tm'duyÜusr;f rsm;t& jrif;rdk&fawmif\
62/ avG; = tm;&yg;& pm;aomufonf/ t&Hjzpfaom awmifckcek pfv;kH teuf aev
oGm;&mvrf;ESihf wnDwnf; jrifo h nf[k
ppfrmS wpfrl rSw, f al om awmif&w H pfv;kH /
63/ emzsm;Oyg,f = zsm;emonf[k ÚmPfqifonf/ 88/ wap = tNr/J
64/ Oyg,f = enf;y&d,m,f/ ÚmPfqifr/I 89/ axmif;axmif; = t½Sed t f [kejf yif;pGm/
65/ tdk;pm; = a½S;acwf jrefrmh wyfrawmfwiG f
ppfonf ig;a,mufygaomtpk/ XmeDjynfBuD;u a0;oESifh
66/ tdk;pm;zuf = ppfcsw D uf&mwGif wpft;dk wnf; pm;azmf 90/ ajrmif = uke;f jrifEh pS cf Mk um; tvsm;½Sníf teH
zuf/
pm;zuf usOk ;f aom csKid 0hf rS ;f /
67/ ,Ge;f r = Zif;r,fo/l 91/ cifwef; = rdkarmuf jyefYjyL; yL;aeom ajrwef;?
68/ tygcs = ppfcs&D mwGif yg0if&rnf[k trdecYf sonf/ uke;f wef;/ uke;f ½d;k /
69/ tke;f cGH arG; ½Sad om(jrif;)/
= tke;f ajcmufcaHG &mif tarG 92/ e,f½pS cf iG f = t&yf½pS rf suEf mS wpfciG /f
70/ "m;rSmrd;k BuKd ; = toGm;wGif rd;k BuKd ;xnfíh jyKvyk af om 93/ wdrrif frifw;kH = rifw;kH rifcu J o hJ Ykd rnf;arSmifaomwdr/f
"m;aumif;wpfrsK;d / 94/ a½Tbw k f = pGwpf csK kdc sKHxal oma'oü taersm;aom
ud, k x f nfrnf;eufí tke;f cHaG &mif
bkef;ESifhuHESifh a½ToZif eDMuifMh uift h awmif ½Sad om iSuwpf fw pfrsK;d /
71/ yef;ysyH ifqifh = tjcm;opfyifBu;D rsm; tay:rmS qifíh 95/ tDonf = bkwif u S af tmfjrnfonf/
txufoyYkd sw H ufz;l yGiahf eaomyef;/ 96/ iHkuif; = tiHt k uif;/
72/ ajrESi&hf efbuf = ajrBu;D ESirhf wnf?h ajray:rmS raygu/f 97/ ½Gu&f ifah vQm = t½Gu&f ifrh sm; ajrodYk ouf ufavQm
73/ rd;k rc = rd;k a&rpGpGw/f a<uusonf/
74/ aEGvoefayguf = aEGvrd;k vwdYk ukeq f ;kH Ny;D csed /f 98/ awmifjyefavnif; = awmift&yfrjS yefí wdu k vf maom
75/ ESi;f aomuf = ESi;f &nfppkd w G o f nf/ avjjynfavnif nif;/
76/ aqmif;puf&dyfcdk = aqmif;&moD\ t&dyu f kd cdv k íIH yGio
hf nf/ 99/ ol&uefpuf = aerif;/
77/ udE&é D = iSuu f , kd Ef iS hf vlacgi;f ? wpfenf; 100/ Asm0Sef = ylyef
y efaMumifMu M u m;onf/
hMurs
vlu, kd Ef iS hf jrif;rsuEf mS ½Sad om owå0g 101/ BuKd ;acG = arsmufatmfo/H
tr ( uDE&é mr )/ 102/ pdrhf = pdrahf &ahyguaf omawm/
78/ a0,efeef;jrifh = odMum;rif;pH&m jrifrh m;aom a0Z,EÅm 103 NrKd if = pdr;f pdtk
ktyk friId ;f aomawmBu;D /
ewfeef;/ 104/ zd;k acgif = zd;k acgi?f zd;k acgi[ f k ol\trnfukd
79/ NrKd U0efrif;ph mvdyrf ygbJ = NrKUd 0efrif;xHrS cGijhf yKpm rygb/J xkwaf zmfjrnfa<u;wwfaomiSu/f
105/ anmif; = om,mNird ahf nmif;onf/
80/ avmifyef;yGihf = aeavmifaomyef;? aeavmifyef;/ 106/ td;k a0 = a'gi;f iSuf jrnfaomtoH/
107/ awmifwjH yuf = awmifusa&wHceG /f

108/ ausmufpufusprf;a& = ausmufBuKd ausmufMum;rS ouFef;
133/ MumouF = MumyifrS MumrQirf sm;udk cJ&mcJqpf&,lNy;D
P103
pdrfhxGufusqif;aoma&/ tjrwfwEd;k &ufvyk af omouFe;f /
134/ cs&m; = ca&/
awmifolBuD; 135/ *Edik f = opfyifBu;D rsm; xlxyfrsm;jym;pGm
109/aemifwnf; = aemifwpfa,mufwnf;/ ayguaf eaomawm/
110/ pdeaf wmifBu;D = pdeu f o hJ Ykd cRex
f ufaom cuf&if;tpG,/f 136/ r[mNrKid f = pdr;f pdtk kt ky fridI ;f Ny;D BuD;rm;rm;onfah wm/
111/ ZrÁ L = jrif
rif;rdk&fawmif\ awmifbuf½dS tuRefwdkYv,f aumufpdkufwkef;u
ZrÁLUoajyyif aygu&f muRe;f / ZrÁL'dyu f Re;f / 137/ v,fawmfwiG ;f = v,f,mxGe,uf f,uf pdu k yf sK;d &majr/
112/ ZrÁLpdk;& = ZrÁL'dyu f Re;f udk tpd;k &ol/ vrdik ;f v,fawmf/
113/ cE¨mpJ = aoonf/ 138/ ajymuf = tpuftuGuf pGe;f xif;onf/
114/ &efowå½k = &efo/l 139/ vSn;f pmacguf = vSn;f pmyif\ tacgu/f
115/ axmifueuf = a½Tbu kd ek ;f abmifeef;awmfukd 140/ ql;yef; = wydw Yk v GJ wGif yGiahf omtyifwpfrsK;d /
wnfaxmifonf/ 141/ atmifyifv,f = rEÅav; ta½SUbuf½dS atmifyifv,fuef/
116/ a&;awmf = bk&ift h a&;/ Ekid if t hH a&;/ 142/ av;&mhEpS q f ,f = &ufuef;pifwiG f twkid cf snf
117/ ydkufwef; = ,keaf xmifaomydu k w f ef;/ txufav;yif? atmufav;yifukd
118/ ykwwf = ud, k üf tajajymuftpufrsm;yg½o dS nfh wpfa&ac:onf/ ta& 30udk
wGi;f atmif; wGmoGm;owå0gwpfrsK;d / tMurf;tm;jzifh tyifwpf&mac:onf/
119/ ZGefvHk; = ykpGpeG fv;kH / xduk o hJ Ykd tyif 400? ta& 20 jzifh
120/ pyspf = ES;D jzif&h ufvyk af om tcif;tcsyf csyfwppfrsK;d / &ufaom csnx f nfukd av;&mhEpS q f ,f
a'gi;f vef;Bu;D wpfrsK;d / csnx f nf[k ac:onf/
121/ pyspfusif; = a'gif;vef;BuD;wGif cif;usi;f onf/ 143/ opfacguq f ;kd = opfacguw f pfrsK;d rsK;d udk jyKwíf &aom
122/ Ake;f aAm = aygrsm;pGm/ zef&nfjzifh qd;k xm;aom txnf/
144/ pHkyg;½dkuf = ]]pHyk ½du k }f }[k toHxu G yf g/
aqmif;&wkyJG ESppf ck íGJ xH;k xm;onfh OD;csK[ d efqpH wdu Yk
123/ &a0 = eef;awmf tdraf wmfw\ Ykd taqmif/ yg;ESpb f ufukd tNyKd ix f cd wfjcif;/
jrifjh rwfaomwdu k cf ef;ae&m/ 145/ rk½;kd = tylyikd ;f a'owGif tavhus
124/ rsuw f pfcwf = rsuaf wmifwpf w pfcg cwfrQaom umv/ ayguaf &mufaom t½Gux f yd 0f ikd ;f
wpfcP/ tap;jzLxGuaf om ½d;k wH½n S Ef iS hf yifpv k u kd f
125/ wpfAZD em = jrefrmem&D\ ajcmufq,fpdpdwf wpfpw d f ayguw f wfaom tyifwpfrsK;d /
rQaom tcsdef/ (pufem&D 24 puúefY) 146/ yH;k zmarSmufqif = ½So d rQEiS hf vSatmif tpGr;f ukef
126/ vdyjf ym = pdw0f nmOf nd mOf/ jyifqifonf/
127/ aoG;vefY = taMumif;wpfpw kH pf&maMumifh
½kww f &uf aMumuf½UHG wek v f yI o
f nf/
128/ AsmqHk = ylyefaMumifMh u pd;k &drrf aI ygi;f qH konf/ oifaooGm;aomf
129/ urf;ukef = tpGr;f uke/f 147/ odkYwNyD;um; = odkYjzpf&um;? odjYk zpfaomaMumif/h
130/ &wk = &moDOwktajctae/ yJo G bif/ 148/ tajc = tajctae/
tcrf crf;tem;/ 149/ OD;cs = OD;acgi;f ñGwfí ½Scd ;kd uefawmhonf/
150/ trQa0 = ukov kd af umif;rI\ tusK;d udk olwpfyg;
av;armifhpHausmif; tm;xyfwx l yfrQ&ap&ef ay;a0onf/
131/ rkav;½Hk = jrwfav;yef;½H/k 151/ opöm = trSew f &m;/
132/ anmifapmif; = ajcav;acsmif;wyfaom tdypf if/ c w k if/

ol&Jaumif;oHk;a,mufESifh c&D;onf
152/ pkH = awm/ pmqd½k aI xmifh
153/ NrKd if = awm/ ( 88 udvk nf;½I )
154/ qG,f = ,SOu f yfonf/ pmqdOk ;D ,mudk MunfMh updYk
155/ uEÅm = oGm;vm&ef cufcaJ omc&D;/ ]waygif ; ñS m usif } tJ c sif ; xJ r S m ]½G u f a &mf v S p f }
156/ wpfu, kd f = wpfu, kd w f nf;/ ]yk&pfu,fa½TO} ]Ekñpkd ifi,f} ]Ncrd t hf ek ;f i,f usL;oD} pwJh
157/ i,f = &,f/ ( wpfu, kd w f nf;&,f) ta&;tzJUG av;awG awGUEikd yf gw,f/
(av;eufatmif oH;k aompum;)
158/ tdb k ,f = tdb Yk /hJ (wpfpw kH pfa,mufukd ac:onft h cg 'DtzJUGav;awG jzpfay:vmzdu Yk jyifyobm0ywf0ef;usif
oH;k aom pum;) vwaygi;f &moDukd tajcjyKygw,f/ obm0tavsmuf
159/ o[J = taygi;f tazmf/ jzpfay: ajymif;vJaewmawGuykd J ]tvSw&m;av;awG}tjzpf
160/ owåd = &J&ifjh cif;/ pmqdku jrifawGU cHpm;rdNyD;rS ]waygif;ñSmusif}udk a&;zJGU
161/ ZGJ = tm;ravQmb h J pJpG NGJ rNJ rJ vkyaf qmifEikd af om zefw;D xkwv f yk v
f u
kd w
f o
Jh abmyg/
tpGr;f / 'gaMumifh ]waygif;vom,myHkudk pmqdku rnfodkY
162/ vHv Yk = BuKd ;pm;tm;xkwjf cif;/ azmfusL;xm;oenf;}vdkY ar;vmvdkY pmqdk½Iaxmifhuae
163/ yJw
G ikd ;f ausmf = udpw ö ikd ;f wGif atmifjrifausmMf um;onf/ ajzay;&wJh tcgrsK;d rSm vwaygi;f &JUobm0 jzpfay:aerIav;
164/ vlarmf = vlawmf/ awGudk t&ifOD;pGm ajymjyNyD;rS tJ'Dhoabmav;awGudk
165/ awmfayh = awmfygayonf/
166/ rkcs = rvJG? {uef/ pmqduk b,fvakd &;zJUG xm;ygw,f qdNk y;D ]uAsmpmom;udk;
um;csufawGudk aemufuvdu k Nf y;D ajzjyay;&ygw,f/
ESif;udkjrifcdkuf ( tcsut f vuf taMumif;t&mawGu a½SU? pmud;k u
167/ oZifyGifhOD; = OD;OD;zsm;zsm;yGifhaomyef;/ aemuf/)
168/ qyGm;opfopf = tqrsm;pGm topfopf wd;k yGm;vmonf/
169/ ESprf m = tESpo f m& cdik rf monf/
170/ ywfuH uk H; = ywf0ef 0ef;usi/f
171/ vGeo f marm = tvGeo f m,maom ae&m/
172/ toufouf = toufaygi;f rsm;pGm/ pmajzol½aI xmifh
173/ paw; = (,HMk unfcsut f wGu)f tqH;k ½H;I cHí
aqmif½u G o f nf/ waygi;f ñSmusiu f kd MunfMh uOD;pdYk
174/ aqmif;tjrrSm = aqmif;&moDat;jrcsed rf mS / ]waygi;f ñSmusiu f Asmt& waygi;f vom,myHu k kd ay:viG f
tEkynmonf\ tm;rmef
atmifazmfusL;yg}vdYk ar;cGe;f u awmif;qdv k m&if pmajzol[m
175/ psmefopf0if = pdwt f m½Ho k pf 0ifpm;onf/ pmqd½k aI xmifuh ae ajzay;í rjzpfawmhyg/
176/ yvTm; = 0if0h gonf/ jyifyrSm awGU&wJh waygif;v&moDudk tajcjyKNyD;
177/ tefwk = tm;pGr;f csi;f ,SONf yKd io f nf/ ajzoGm;zdvYk nf; r[kwyf g/ OD;MuifO&JU]waygi;f omacgif vrsm;
178/ [l;[l; = jyif;jyif;xefxef/ aemif}udk jyefvnfowd&Ny;D ajzjyzdv Yk nf; r[kwyf g/
179/ onf;yGwf = tonf;pdik /f ar;cGe;f u owfrw S af y;wJh ]waygi;f ñSmusi}f qdw
k hJ
180/ apGapG = tqufrjywf/ oifcef;pmudyk J tajccH&rSmyg/
181/ toacFs = ra&rwGuEf ikd af tmif rsm;jym;onf/ uAsmyk'&f if;pmom;av;awGukd OD;pGmwifjyNy;D rS 'DtzJUG
182/ [ke;f [ke;f = t½Sed t f [kejf zif/h av;awGu azmfjyaewJh vwaygi;f om,myHu k kd ay:ay:vGif
183/ MoZmwdurú = olwpfyg;emcH vdu k ef mapEdik af om tpGr;f vGif jrifomxifom ajymjyay;&rSmyg/
owå/d
184/ o&pf = xGuo f pfp tñGet Yf añSmuf/ ( pmudk;u a½SU? tcsuftvuf ½Sif;jycsufu aemuf/)
185/ [de;f [de;f = xifxif½mS ;½Sm;/
yk*Hacwfpum;ajy
ausmufpm pum;ajy jrefrmwdkif;&if;ausmufpmyHktrSwf 216
tBuKd opd &m

&mZukrm&f ausmufpmudk rif;wdo Yk w
1/ odCFolUorD;
d ,f/ jrefrmESpf 475cefY (at'D 1113)/ awGU½&Sd orQ ouú&mZftcdik t f rmvnf;ygwhJ

G
jrefrmESpf 628
tOD;qH;k jrefrmpmayg/h &mZukrm&f rif;om;u aus;Zl;½Sif cifyeG ;f Bu;D q,fyg;0if usepf pfom;rif;Bu;D tay: em;vnfr½I cSd w hJ ,f/ rif;Bu;D
aovGet f hH rl;rl;tcsed rf mS taumif;qH;k enf;jzifh aus;Zl; wHqYk yfwhJ rif;om;&JU ,Ofaus; odraf rGUwphJ w
d x
f m;udk ausmufpmrSww f rf;rSm
avhvmMunfñckd &hJ w,f/
ck.../ aemufwpfa,muf/ olu tESpf 150avmuf aemufusw,f/ oleY mrnfu rawGU&/ olb,foq l w
kd mawmho&d w,f/
e&oD[yawhrif;&JU rdz&k m;wpfyg;/ olUzcifukd bGUJ trnft& odCo F l vdo
Yk &d w,f/ odCo
F ql w kd mu uspmG rif;&JU om;awmf wpfyg;/
om;rufawmf e&oD[yawhrif; (618-669) vufxufrmS rif;trwftjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ ;w,f/
tck odCo F o Yl rD;½JU av;pm;zG,f Munfnzkd ,
G f pdwxf m;udk tuJjzwfwwfatmif (a0zef oH;k oyfwhJ tavhtusiahf rG;Ny;D )
avhvm&ygr,f/
( jzpf ... tkd.... ao? rcspf ae? cspf auG?
pum;ajy\ vd&k if;tcsurf sm; vdkí r&? þup
- ouú&mZf 628 ck? ydoQufESpf? 0gacgifvqef; (7)&uf? Mumoyaw;aeY (a&;xdk;) twdkif;rodaom qif;&Jrsm;.........)
- þaeYwiG f tvSLjyKonf/ tvSL½Sirf mS rxdvakd jr;? e&oD[yawhrif;\ rdz&k m;? odCo F t
l rwf\ orD;jzpfonf/
- tvSLjyK&jcif;taMumif;&if;rSm - qif;&Jjcif;uif;&m jrwfeAd mÁ efukd rsuaf rSmuf jyKvídk /
- tvSLypönf;rsm;rSm - (1) ausmif;aqmufvSL'gef;jcif; ( cspf jrwf a½T O pGefY jyK ausmif; )
(2) v,f? O,smOf? uRef tvHk;pHk t<uif;rJhvSLjcif;
- tvSLcHy*k Kd¾ vrf sm;rSm - oDv? orm"d ynm aus;Zl;oH;k yg;wdEYk iS hf jynfph o kH nfh tusijhf rwf yk*Kd¾ vf &[ef;oHCmrsm;/
- tvSLjyK&mwGif xm;½daS om apwemrSm - &[ef;oHCmrsm; aumif;pGm oDwif;oH;k /
- trQa0&mü rif;Bu;D ? rif;om;? trwf ponf cyford ;f ? rdz&k m; paom armif;rawmfcyford ;f ? ,rrif; paom owå0gcyford ;f wdYk
&,lap&ef/
- aumif;rIuo k v kd t
f usK;d udk vufiif;&,lvrkd sm; vufiif;cHpm; &ap&ef? aumif;rIukd tvd½k ySd gu aumif;rIukd &Edik af p&ef
qkawmif;ay;onf/
- tvSLü&,lvakd omqkawmif;rSm -
(1) rjzpfvo kd nfrsm; &r®uBf u;D ol? trsuBf u;D ol? ynmrJo h l ( &r®uf? trsuf? ynm? 0efwdk? opöm? arhavsmh )
(2) jzpfvo kd nfrsm; &r®ufenf;ol? trsufenf;ol? ynm½Sdol................
( 3) xdt
k usK;d aus;Zl;wdEYk iS hf jynfph pkH mG oHo&mü usiv f nfvsuf aemifyiG v hf wfaom bk&m;½Six f aH rSmufü tuRww f &m;
&vdo k nf/
avhvmzG,&f m taMumif;t&mrsm;
1/ "r®pMumw&m;awmfvm 'ku©opömudk ½Sif;vif;ajyjypfpGm jrefrmjyefyHkudk avhvmyg/
2/ taMumif;tcsufwdkYudk rnfodkYpDpOfazmfjyxm;oenf;/ ½Sif;jyyg/
3/ t"dymÜ ,fwl pum;rsm; wGo J ;kH xm;yHu
k kd avhvmyg/
4/ jzpfvo kd nft
h csurf sm;ESihf rjzpfvakd omtcsurf sm; pDpOfazmfjyxm;yHu k kd ESpof ufygovm;/ tb,faMumifeh nf;/
5/ yk*aH cwf jrefrmtrsK;d orD;wd\Yk bmomw&m;todtjrifukd cefrY eS ;f Edik yf govm;/
6/ 4if;udk oifESpfoufoabmusygovm;/ tb,faMumifhenf;/
7/ yk*aH cwf bmoma&; t,ltq? jrefrmpmaytqif?h vlraI &;? pD;yGm;a&;? eef;wGi;f a&; ponfwu Ykd kd rSe;f qazmfxw k af y;yg/
Q
ar;cGe;f 4/(u)ar;cGe;f wdk twGuf avhvm&ef pHjyKar;cGe;f rsm;
1/ odCo F o Yl rD;onf oHCmawmfrsm;tm; rnfonfwu Ykd kd vSLoenf;/
2/ odCo F o Yl rD;u olu Y ,
kd o
f l rnfo[ l k rSww f rf;wifxm;oenf;/
3/ 4if;onf rnfonfrh if;\ rdz&k m;jzpfoenf;/
4/ odCo F o Yl rD;\ tvSLrSww f rf;jyKonfh ESp?f v?&uf?aeYukd azmfjyyg/
5/ rnfonfwu Ykd kd pGeu
Yf m ausmif;aqmuf vSLoenf;/
6/ odCo F o l nf w½kwaf jy;rif;vufxufwiG f rnfonfw h m0ef xrf;cJo
h enf;/
7/ oCFoo Yl rD;onf armif;rawmftcsi;f csi;f twGuf rnfoYkd trQa0oenf;/
8/ aus;Zl; oH;k yg; qdo k nfrmS tb,fenf;/
9/ trsuBf u;D aomol rnfojYkd yKwwfoenf;/
arcGe;f 4/(c) ar;cGe;f ½Snt
f wGuf avhvm avhusihf ajzqdk jyifqifxm;&ef ar;cGe;f a[mif;rsm;
1/ odCo Yl rD;\ tvSLjyKykH trQa0yHk qkawmif;yHw
F o k Yukd kd tpDtpOfwus wifjyyg/ ^ odCo F oYl rD;onf rdrtd vSLudk rnfoYkd rSww
f rf;wif
xm;oenf;/
2/ vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;u 4if;\ pdwx f m;udk rnfoUkd azmfjyoenf;/^ tvSjyKy?kH trQa0yH?k qkawmif;yHw k tYkd & od&aom pdwx f m;udk
azmfjyyg/
3/ ol\ qkawmif;t& od&aom pdwfxm;udk azmfjyyg/ âusmufpmt& tvSL½Sif\ tvSLjyKyHkESifh pdwfxm;udk azmfjyyg/
4/ rdzk&m;\ tvSLESifh qkawmif;udk tajccHNyD; pdwfaepdwfxm;udk avhvmwifjyyg/
5/ yk*aH cwf trsK;d orD;wd\Yk wd\Yk pHjypdw"f mwfukd odCo F o
Yl rD; pum;ajywGif rnfoaYkd wGU&oenf;/ ( ar;uGuf ajymif;oGm;onf )
6/ pum;ajyrS okw &orsm;udk wifjyyg/ ( ta&;tzJUG ukd ud;k um;í ausmif;om; ½Iaxmifrh S aqG;aEG;wifjy&ef )
7/ oifcef;pmt&m tvSLjyKyHk? trQa0yHk? qkawmif;yHkwdkYudk ay:vGifatmif ½Sif;jyyg/
8/ pum;ajywGif awGU&aom yk*Hacwf trsKd;orD;wpfOD;\ pdwf"mwfESifh apwemrSm av'pm;MunfndkzG,fjzpfaMumif; wifjyyg/
( odCFm ydoQuf ajcmufESpf½Spf?

eHumqef;cGef Mumaw;jzpf? ESpfwpfajcmufrSm wdkif;&if;ppf?
uspGmrif;&Jh om;awmfjzpf? cspf jrwf a½T O tvSLppf )
pum;ajy\ &nf½G,fcsuf
ol \ tvS L jyKyH k ? trQ a 0yH k E S i f h qk a wmif ; wd k Y u d k
tvSL½Sifu rSwfwrf;jyK today; ukodkvfyGm;vdkjcif; jzpfonf[k
qdkEdkifygonf/
ar;cGef;½SnfajzqdkyHk (erlemudkavhvmusufrSwfNyD; ukd,fwdkif a&;wwfzdkY avhusifhyg/)

ar;...odCFolYorD;\ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;u 4if;\ pdwfxm;udk rnfodkY azmfjyaeoenf;/
odCFolYorD;\ pdwfxm;
odCo F o Yl rD; pum;ajyonf tvSLrSwwf rf;pum;ajy jzpfonf/ yk*aH cwf jrefrmESpf 628 ü a&;xd;k cJo h nf/ a&;xd;k olrmS
rxdvdkrif;\ajr;? trwfBuD;odCFol\ orD;? e&oD[yawhrif;\ rdzk&m;wpfyg; jzpfygonf/ ausmufpmwGif azmfjyxm;onfh
tvSLjyKyrkH wS w f rf;yg vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;u 4if;\ pdwx
f m;udk azmfjyaeonf/
odCo F o Yl rD;onf tvSLrSww f rf;tpwGif ]earmAk'¨ó}}[k azmfjyí bk&m;½Siuf kd tOD;qH;k xm; ½dcS ;kd \/ ]jzpfaom qif;&J?
tdkaomqif;&J? aoaom qif;&J? rcspfrESpfoufolESifhtwl ae&aom qif;&J} ponfh 'kuo © pömw&m;awmfvm qif;&Jjcif;w&m;wdu Yk kd
tav; teuf odjrif cH,o l nfph w
d x f m; ½daS Mumif; azmfjyaeygonf/
P107
azmfjyí cE¨mcsKyNf ird ;f &m jrwfeAd mÁ efukd vdo k nft h wGuf tvSLjyK&jcif;
jzpfaMumif; qufvuf azmfjy a&;xdk;\/ xdkYaMumifh olonf xdaYk Mumifh rdzk&m;\vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; sm;u olonf Munfñkd
Ak ' ¨ b momw&m;awmf u d k wef z d k ; xm;um tES p f o m&usus av;pm;zG,&f m olawmfaumif;(rde;f rjrwf)pdwx f m;½do
S jl zpfaMumif;
ouf 0 if , H k M unf o l ? av;euf a om pd w f x m;½d S o l t jzpf azmfjyaeygawmhownf;/ /
azmfjyaeygonf/ ar;... qkawmif;t& od&aom pdwfxm;udk a&;yg/
odCo F oYl rD;onf ausmif;aqmufvkyf vSL'ge;f &eftwGuf oDCFolUorD;\ qkawmif;t& od&aom 4if;\ pdwfxm;
trsK;d orD;wdYk tjrwfwEd;k wefz;kd xm;avh½aSd om a½TaiGOpöm? tqif od C F o l Y o rD ; onf yk * H a cwf e&oD [ yawh r if ; \
wefqmwdkYudkyifvQif pGecYf \ hJ / &wemoH;k yg;tay: o'¨gpw d x f m; rdz&k m;i,f wpfyg; jzpfygonf/ zcifrmS odCo F b
l UGJ cH trwfBu;D
tm;Bu;D vSygonf/ jzpfNy;D uspmG rif;Bu;D \ om;awmfwpfyg; jzpfonf/
xdaYk emuf v,f? O,smOf? uRef tvHk;pHu k v kd nf; t<uif;rxm; rdzk&m;onf qif;&Jcyfodrf;uif;aom jrwfedAÁmefudk
vSL'ge;f \/ þvkyaf qmifcsurf sm;onf jyKEikd cf aJ om trIrsm;jzpfonf/ &nfrSef;umausmif;aqmufvkyf vI'gef;cJhygonf/ xdkausmif;
cs;D usL;zG,jf zpfaom rGejf rwfvo S nfh pdwx f m;udk azmfjyvsu½f o Sd nf/ aeoHCmwdYk ypönf;av;yg; jynfhpHkap&ef v,f? O,smOf? uRecf yif;
odCo F UlorD;onf trQa0&mü cifyeG ;f Muif&m &mj
& m zpfo?l yk*jH ynf½h iS f t<uif;rJh vI'ge;f cJyh gao;onf/ tvIaumif;rItusK;d udk yk*jH ynf½h iS f
tkycf sKyo f l rif;Bu;D udk OD;wnfí trQa0\/ rif;Bu;D touf½n S íf rStp ,rrif;ESihf owå0gtaygi;f wdYk trQ &Muap&efvnf; qka>ccJh
wdkif;oljynfom;wdkY\ tusKd; pD;yGm;csrf;omu omudk axmufyEhH ikd yf gap[k onf/ 4if;aemuf qkawmif;yHk rSww f rf;wGif 4if;\ pdwaf ep½du k u f kd
arwåmay;a0\/ ol\ ukov kd af umif;rI wduYk v kd nf; apmifah ½SmufzYkd ydík yif av;pm;zG,f Munfñzkd , G tf jzpf jrifEikd yf gonf/
azmfjy\/ þwGiv f nf; cifyeG ;f rif;Bu;D tay: tav;xm;rIEiS t hf wl qkawmif;\ tpwGif ol\ rjzpfvo kd nfh oabmqE´rsm;
wd k i f ; ol j ynf o m;wd k Y tay:üyif v Q i f wpf q uf w pf p yf w nf ; udk azmfjyxm;ygonf/ &r®uBf u;D wwfo?l ra&mif&h w J wfaomol
arwå m yG m ;aom? tjrif u s,f j yef Y a om pd w f x m;wd k Y u d k rjzpfvdk[k qdkygonf/ avmbenf;onfh pdwfxm;½Siftjzpf
jrifawGUae&ygonf/ wdik ;f a&; jynfa&;udk tav; xm;wwfonfh awGU&onf/ trsuBf u;D aomol? olwpfx;l udk ñSi;f qJwwfaomol
pdwyf ifjzpfygonf/ rjzpfv[ kd v k nf; qdak o;onf/ a'go uif;atmif usiBhf uH aexdik f
eef;wGif;ü rdzk&m;? armif;r ponf tcsif;csif; trsuf vdkoltjzpf odjrifEikd yf gonf/ ynmrJo h ?l rdu
k af omol rjzpfv[ kd k
a'gorxm;½dSbJ cspf a om rsuf p d j zif h ½I a paMumif ; trQay; qdkjyefonf/ þwGif arm[uif;vdkol pdwfxm;½Siftjzpf
a0yHrk mS vnf; xl;jcm;aom vkyaf qmifcsuf jzpfygonf/ wef;wl av;pm;rd&ygawmhonf/
&nfwl pmempdw?f axmufxm;pdwf Bu;D rm;yHu k kd azmfjyaeonf/ qufvufí 0efww kd wfo?l tay;turf;rJo h ?l opömrJoh ?l
arwåmpdwx f m; ½dyS u kH kd azmfjyaeonf/ ysuu f u G w f wfo?l arhavsmw h wfo?l atmufarhwojcif; r½So d rl sK;d
ol\ oH o &mc&D ; twG u f qk a wmif ; yyHkrSmvnf; txl; rjzpfv[ kd íl vnf; qdx k m;ygonf/ þwGif o'¨gw&m; r,kwf
av;pm;zG,f aumif;vSygonf/ &r®uBf u;D ol? trsuBf u;D ol? ynm avsmv h o kd ?l uwdopömwnfvo kd ?l olwpfyg;jyKvmonfh aus;Zl;udk
enf;ol? 0efwdkwwfol? opömysufwwfol? arhavsmhwwfolrsKd; atmufarY odwwfol owdw&m;vufudkifxm;vdkol pdwfxm;
rjzpfv[ kd k qE´jyK\/ a&mif&h w J wfo?l a'goenf;ol? tusK;d taMumif; rsK;d ½So
d t l jzpf Munfñ&kd jyefonf/
odwwfo?l ay;urf;&ufa&mwwfo?l aus;Zl;opömodwwforl sK;d rdz&k m;\ qkawmif;wGif &r®uef nf;ol(a&mif&h w J wfo)l
jzpfvo kd nf[k qkyef\/ ,ckb0rSmyifvQif a'go? rmefrme enf;yg; jzpfvkd onf[k azmfjyonf/ avmbuif;vdo k nfh pdwx f m;yif
Ny;D rdru d , kd u f kd EdrS chf sonfh pdwx f m;? a&mif&h wJ wf? pmemaxmuf jzpfonf/ trsufenf;ol(Muifemoem;wwfol)jzpfvdkonf[k
xm;wwfaom olawmfaumif; pdwfxm;½dSoltjzpf azmfjyae azmfjy&müvnf; rdrda'gojzifh wpfyg;oludk rysufpD;apvdkonfh
ygawmhonf/ arwåmpdwfxm;yif jzpfonf/ ynm½Sdol (taMumif;udk odol)
ol\ tNy;D owfqak wmif;ü oHo&mrSvGwfajrmufvdak Mumif; jzpfvdkonf[k qE´jyKjyefonf/ ynmjzifh w&m;ESifh avsmfpGm
qkyefonf/ rdrdudk;uG,f&m t,l0g'\ tESpfom&yef;wdkifudk ½Sio f efaexdik v f okd [
l k qd&k ygrnf/

Q
0efrwdw k wfo(l tay;turf;½So d )l jzpfvo kd nf[k qd&k mwGiv f nf; - qkawmif;rsm;rSm
wG e f Y w d k j cif ; uif ; um o'¨ g w&m; yG m ;vd k o l jzpf a Mumif ; vljzpfvQif vlwumxufjrwfaom pnf;pdrf csr;f om&vdo k nf/
azmfjyaeygonf/ opöm½So d (l rysuu f u G w f wfo)l jzpfvo kd nf[k ewfjzpfvQif vnf; ewfwumxuf jrwfaomol jzpfvo kd nf/
qdyk wkH iG vf nf; wnfMunf ajzmifrh eS o f nfh pdwx f m;½So
d [ l k qdEk ikd of nf/ txlk;ojzifhvQif ouf½n em
S ?f tem qif;vS? to
emrJ?h tqif oo H m? tvHvHk;t&yf
rarhavsmw h wfol (atmufarhwojcif;½So d )l jzpfvo kd nf[k qdjk cif; vSaomol? vlewfcyford ;f cspfcifjrwfEdk;&ol jzpfvdkonf/
wGif txl;tm;jzifh olwpfyg;\aus;Zl;w&m;udk wkHYjyef&ef - qif ? jrif;? &xm; ponfrStp ouf½dS? oufrJh Opöm&wemrsm;
rysuu f u G v f o kd l jzpfaMumif; cefUreS ;f Edik of nf/ ydik q
f ikd v
f okd nf/ bk e f ;wefc;kd Bu;D vdo k nf/ tNct H &Haygrsm;vdo k nf/
þwGif bmomw&m;todEiS hf ,SOaf ompdwx f m;? t"r®ukd ausmaf pmxif½mS ;vdo k nf/
a½SmifMuOfvakd om pdwx f m;? rdru d kd taMumif;jyKí tjcm;wpfyg; - jzpfav&mb0ü qif;&Jjcif;udk rBuHKBudKufvdk/ odyif rodvdk/
olwdkYwGif epfemqHk;½HI;rI rjzpfapvdkaom pdwfxm; ponfh þodkYvQif oHo&mqHk;wdkif cHpm;um tqH k ; pG e fb0a&mufvQif
olawmfaumif;w&m; vufuikd x f m;vdak om pdwx f m;rsK;d jzpfaMumif; tuRww f &m;&um jrwfaomedAmÁ ef csr;f om&vdo k nf/
txift½Sm; jrifawGUae&ygawmhonf/ aqG;aEG; avhvmzG,f
xdaYk Mumifh odCo F o
Yl rD;ausmufpmyg qkawmif;rsm;t& 1/ ausmufpm\ &nf½, G cf suu f kd ajzyg/ ( ol\ aumif;rIwu Ykd kd
rdz&k m;ud ud k av;pm;MunfñdkzG,f pdwfxm;tvSp½dkufydkif½Siftjzpf tcgjrifNh rJ wnfwahH pvdjk cif; jzpfygonf/ )
tuJjzwf jrifawGUEikd yf gownf;/ / 2/ ausmufpm½Sio f nf ]olwumxuf omvdo k nf? &nf½, G cf suf
BuD;rm;onf? rmefrme ½dSonf}[kqdkvQif rSefygovm;/
( okw &o &yHk^ pHjy trsKd;orD;^tvSLjyKyHkESifh pdwfxm;.ponfh ar;uGufrsm; aqG;aEG;yg/
twGufyg avhusifhxm;&ef/ ) 3/ rdz&k m;zGm;apmausmufpm [laom acgi;f pOfjzifh pmyd'k f oH;k yd'k cf efY
a&;yg/
ausmufpm pum;ajy 2/ rdzk&m;zGm;apm 4/ rd z k & m;zG m ;apm\ qk a wmif ; [l a omacgif ; pOf j zif h
jrefrmwdkif;&if;ausmufpmyHktrSwf 235? a&;xdk;ESpf 634 pmwpfydk'fa&;yg/
5/ rdzk&m;zGm;apmonf atmufyg pum;wdkYudk rnfonfh
ABG
t"dyÜm,fjzifh oH;k xm;oenf;/ ½Si;f jyyg/
twkr?hJ tcgjrifNh r?J onf;cHaomocif? Edik if aH om
6/ atmufygwu Ykd kd ajzqdyk g/
(u) tvSLwpfrsK;d pD;ü rnfonf&h nf½, G cf surf sm; xm;½do S enf;/
(c) trQa0yHk tao;pdwt f csut f vufrsm;?
(*) qkawmif;yHk tao;pdwt f csut f vufrsm;/
vd&k if;tcsurf sm; 7/ rdzk&m;zGm;apmjzpfvdkaom qE´rsm;t& olYpdwfxm;udk
- twkrJhausmif;awmfBuD;udk aqmufvkyf vSL'gef;cJhonf/ rSe;f qMunfyh g/
ausmif;awmfESifh ywfoufonfh aumif;rItm;vHk; Mum½Snf 8/ odCo F o
Yl rD;ESihf rdz&k m;zGm;apm rnfoUl ukd ESpo f ufoenf;/
wnfwahH pvdo k nf/ xdaYk Mumifh ajrr[m'get f vSLBu;D jyKonf/ ½Si;f jyyg/
- uRerf sm;udk ausmif;jyKjyif&ef? wHjrufpnf;vSn;f &ef? bk&m;w&m; 9/ rdz&k m;zGm;apmonf rdrt d vSLudk rnfoYkd rSww f rf;wifxm;
qGr;f ? yef;? uGr;f ? qDr;D rjywfwifvLS &efEiS hf oHCmawmfrsm;udk oenf;/
qGr;f vkyaf uR;&ef vSLcJo h nf/ 10/ ]rdz&k m;zGm;apm} wGif xif[yfaeaom tvSL½Si\f pdwx f m;udk
wifjyyg/)
- EGm;vnf; vSLonf/ &[ef;awmfrsm;? EdkYopf? EdkU"rf;? paom
&omig;rsKd; pm;oHk;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/
( rdzk&m;zGm;apm tvSLvkyf? rwfus om;Opf ajr;w½kwfa&muf
- aumif;rIuo k v
kd t
f usK;d udk rif;Bu;D rStp rdz&k m;? armif;rawmf? 627 rS 636? udk;ESpftwGif; 'geajrmufoGm;?
trwfAv kd yf g tm;vH;k ESiwhf uG pMu0VmtwGif; owå0gcyford ;f ESihf 216 rSm 19 yGm; ? olu 235 ay/ *l ausmif; ajr uRef O,smOfwGif;
ewfrif;Bu;D av;yg;? ,rrif;wdik af tmif trQay;a0 xm;onf/ rrzGm;apm EGm;vSLjcif;? e&odCFOpöemrif; )
ar;cGef; 4/(u)ar;cGef;wdk twGuf avhvm&ef pHjyKar;cGef;rsm; udkvnf; jrif&onf/ pnf;pepfusí aphpyfaocsmpGm aqmif½Guf
P109
1/ igah jr;rif;Bu;D qdo
k nfrmS rnfou
l kd &nfneT ;f oenf;/ wwfaom pdwx f m;rSmvnf; xif½mS ;vSygonf/ pdwu f ;l aumif;ol
2/ ajrr[m'gefO,smOfudk rnfonfh &nf½G,fcsufjzifh vSLoenf;/ jzpfayawmhonf/
3/ rdzk&m;BuD;udk okawoDwdkYu rnfodkY ac:a0:oenf;/
trQa0yHkudkMunfhvQif owå0grsm;twGuf arwåmxm;
4/ 4if;\ tvSLypönf;wdkYudk azmfjyyg/
wwfonfh pdwfxm;½dSyHkudk awGUEdkifygonf/ aumif;rIukodkvf
5/ EGm;udk rnfonfh &nf½G,fcsufjzifh vSLoenf;/
6/ txl;ojzifh jzpf&vdkaom qkawmif;rsm; teufwpfckudk azmfjyyg/ tusKd;udk rif;BuD;rStp? rdzk&m;? armif;rawmf? trwfAdkvfyg
7/ aemufqHk; &,lvdkaom qkawmif;udk azmfjyyg/ tm;vH;k ESiw Mu
Mu
hf uG pMu
Mu0VmtwG i;f owå0gcyford ;f ESihf ewfrif;Bu;D
8/ rnfonfrh if;\ rdz&k m;jzpfoenf;/ av;yg;yg ruse?f ,rrif;wdik af tmif trQa0 xm;\/ ]...oHo&m
qif;&JrS xGufajrmufí? qif;&JrJhaom edAÁmefjynfodkY a&mufap ukef\
arcGef; 4/(c) ar;cGef;½Snf twGuf avhvmjyifqifxm;&ef ar;cGef;rsm; }[ k qd k x m;yH k w G i f tav;teuf j yKwwf o nf h pd w f x m;ud k
1/ rdz&k m;zGm;apmonf rdrt d vSLudk rnfoYkd rSww f rf;wifxm;oenf;/
jrifEikd yf gonf/
^ ...ausmufpm\ tvSLrSwfwrf;wifyHkudk azmfjyyg/
2/ .... wGif xif[yfaeaom tvSL½Sif\ pdwfxm;udk wifjyyg/^ rdzk&m;zGm;apm\ qkawmif;yHkrSm xl;jcm;vSygonf/ ol\
.....ausmufpmrS tvSLESifh pdwf"mwf vdkufzufyHkudk wifjyyg/ twGi;f pdwu f kd vSpjf yxm;onf[k qdEk ikd o
f nf/ olY qkawmif;ü
^ü rdzk&m;zGm;apm\ pdwfaepdwfxm;wdkY t&dyfxifvsuf ½SdaMumif; avhvmwifjyyg/ edAmÁ ef ra&mufrD oHo&mc&D;wGif ]]vljzpfaomfum; vlwum
3/ .... \ qkawmif;rsm;t& pdwfxm;udk qef;ppfjyyg/ xuf jrwf a om pnf ; pd r f c srf ; om ig&vd k \ }} [k q d k \ /
]]ewfjzpfaomfum; ewfwumxufjrwfaom? EdkifiHaom tqif;?
ar;cGe;f ½Snaf jzqdyk kH ta&mift0gESifh jynfhpHkvdk\}}}}[k azmfjy\/ olwumxufomvdak om
ar;....rdzk&m;zGm;apm\ pdwfxm;udk taxmuftxm;jzifh wifjyyg/^ pdwx f m;? rmefrmejrifah om pdwx f m;½Sif tjzpf tuJjzwfEikd yf gonf/
tvSLrSwfwrf;wifyHkESifh pdwfxm;udk ay:vGifatmif ajzqdkyg/
xdjYk yif-
rdzk&m;zGm;apm\ pdwfaeoabmxm; ]]txl;ojzifhvQif touf½Snfaom? temrJhaom? tqif;
rdzk&m;zGm;apmpum;ajyonf tvSLrSwfwrf; pum;ajy
vSaom? toHomaom? tvHk;t&yfvSaom? vlewfcyfodrf;
jzpfygonf/ jrefrmESpf 634 ü a&;xdk;xm;onf/ rdrdtvSL
cspfcif½dkaoaom? jrwfEdk;aomig jzpfvdk\/}}
a&½Snw f nfwahH p&efEiS hf aemifvm aemufom;rsm; od½?Sd trQ,l
[k qdx k m;ao;onf/ þwGif ykxZk Ofvo l m;? rde;f rom;qefvaS om
cHpm;Edkifap&ef &nf½G,fa&; xdk;onf[k qdkEdkifygonf/ ol\
pdwx f m;½do S tl jzpf awGU&jyefygonf/
pdwx f m; udk ausmufpmwGif azmfjyxm;onfh tvSLjyKy?kH trQa0yH?k
qkawmif;yHk (tvSLrSww f rf;wify)kH udk avhvmjcif;jzifh tuJjzwfEikd f xdrk Qruao;yg/ a½T? aiG? ywåjrm; ponfh oufrJhOpöm? qif?
ygonf/ jrif; ponfh ouf½dSOpömwdu Yk kd rsm;pGmydik qf ikd o
f nfih g jzpfvkd aMumif;?
bke;f wefc;kd Bu;D vdak Mumif;? tNct H &H rsm;vdak Mumif;? ausmaf pmaomig
rdzk&m;zGm;apmonf ol\ ausmufpmü twk r J h a usmif ;
jzpf v d k a Mumif ; rsm; qk a wmif ; xm;\/ xd k Y a Mumif h avmuD
awmf B uD ; udk aqmufvkyfaMumif;azmfjy\/ xdkaumif;rIrsm;
pnf ; pd r f c srf ; omwd k Y u d k om,maom pd w f x m;? b0wPS m
t½S n f w nf w H h a p&ef ajrr[m'gef O ,smOf u d k v nf ; vS L \/
tm;BuD;onfh pdwfxm;rsKd; ½dSoltjzpf jyqdkvsuf ½dSjyefygonf/
ausmif;jyKjyif&ef? wHjrufpnf;vSn;f &ef? bk&m;w&m; qGr;f ? yef;?
uGrf;? qDrD; ponfh rjywfrvyfwifvSL ylaZmfEdkif&ef uRefudk xd k Y j yif ausmuf p mrS w f w rf ; wpf c k v H k ; ü ]igjyK}?
vSLonf[k qd\k / Edo Yk pf? axmywf ponfh Edt Yk &om ig;yg; rS0D EJ ikd af p ]igvSL}?]ighvifrif;BuD;} ]ighom;rif;BuD;} paom ajymoly*k v ¾ emrfpm;
vdak om apwem&nf½, G cf sujf zifh EGm;udkvnf; vSLavonf/ toHk;rsm;rSmvnf; omrefxuf vGefuJvGef;aeonf/ aygif;½Hk;
oH;k oyfvu kd yf gu rdz&k m;Bu;D wGif igpBJG u;D aompdw?f twåpJG jyif;xef
rdz&k m;zGm;apmonf rdrv d LS onfh tvSLypön;f wdik ;f ESihf wGzJ ufí
onfph w d ?f rmefrme vGeu f aJ om oabmrsm;om Bu;D pd;k aeonf[k
rnfodkYaomapwem &nf½G,fcsufjzifh jyKaMumif; azmfjyxm;&m
xifrw S zf , G jf zpfonf/
4if;wGif &wemoH;k yg;tay: tav;teuf ouf0if ,HMk unfaom
pdwx f m;½Syd u kH kd awGU&ygonf/ apwemo'¨ o'¨ gw&m; xufoefr½I ydS kH xdkYjyif ]qif ; &J t rS w f rod v d k } [k azmfjyxm;yHkrSm
avmu"Hw&m;udyk ifvQif riJah wmhbJ rdrt d vdu k o
kd m appm;vdak om
pdwxf m;rsK;d jzpfaejyefonf/ ]]tvSL? oDwif;? o'¨g? ynmupaom 4if;wdEYk pS Of ;D pvH;k onf a&ajrUocif rif;Bu;D rSpí owå0g
jrwf a om aus;Zl ; wd k Y E S i f h jynf h p H k v d k o nf } }[k azmfjycsufwGifrl taygif;wdkYtwGuf trQa0cJh\/ rdzk&m;zGm;apmu ]]...oH o &m
avmukw&å m csr;f omESihf ,SOo f nfh olawmf oljrwf pdwx f m;rsK;d [k 0wf q if ; &J r S xG u f a jrmuf í qif ; &J j cif ; uif ; &m jrwf e d A Á m ef o d k Y
qdx
k u kd yf gonf/ a&mufapukef\}}[k qka>ccJ\ h / odCo F o Yl rD;url rdz&k m;paom
þodv Yk Qif ausmufpmrSww f rf;t& awGU&aom rdz&k m;Bu;D \ armif;rawmfwu Ykd kd ]]tcsi;f csi;f trsut f þ wpfaphr½S?d cspaf om
pdwx f m;rSm tvif;bufwiG f &wem oH;k yg;tay: o'¨g,MkH unfrI rsupf jd zifh ½IMu&ap\}} ponfjzifh arwåmydYk trQa0cJ\h / þü
xufoefjcif;? pnf;pepf½dSjcif;? arwåma½S;½Iwwfjcif; tarSmif xl;uJcsufrSm ]]....vl c yf o d r f ; aom\ tpD ; tyG m ; csrf ; omud k
bufwGifrl rmefwufjcif;? trsKd;*kPf armufjcif;? igpGJBuD;jcif;? ½Smayvsuf oufawmf½SnfpGmaeí...}} ponfjzifh yk*jH ynf½h iS rf if;Bu;D
tvdak vmbBu;D jcif; ponfh pdwaf &mifpw kH jYkdzifh a&m>yrf;vsuf ykxZk Of twGuf qka>cxm;yHk jzpfygonf/
qefvaS Mumif; tuJjzwf awGUjrif Edik yf gownf;/ / xD;&dyf eef;&dyw f iG f pHaeol rdz&k m;i,fwpfyg;u tkycf sKycf H
atmufajc vlwef;pm;wdb Yk 0twGuf ta&;w,l arwåmrQ a0onf
udk jrif&onfhtcg uREfkyfonf odCFolYorD; rdzk&m;udk rsm;pGm
ar;/ /rdzk&m;zGm;apmESifh odCFolYorD; ausmufpmrsm;t& rdzk&m;ESpfyg; ESpfouf av;pm;jcif; jzpfc&hJ ygonf/
wGif oif rnfolYudk ydkíESpfoufoenf;/ taxmuftxm;jyí ajzyg/
xdjYk yif tvSLrSww f rf;wd\Yk qkawmif;cef;ü rdz&k m;ESpyf g;\
rdzk&m;zGm;apmESifh odCFolYorD; pdwfxm;wdkY ododomom uJGjym;jcm;em;onfudk jrif&jyefonf/
odCo F o Yl rD;onf yk*aH cwf w½kwaf jy;rif;\ rdz&k m;
wpfyg; jzpfygonf/ zcifrSm odCFoltrwfBuD;jzpfonf/ uspGm rdzk&m;zGm;apmonfum; oHo&mb0c&D;wGif qif;&J
rif;BuD;\ ajr;jzpfol þrdzk&m;onf rdzk&m;zGm;apmESifhvnf; uif;um ouf½n S ?f temrJ?h tqif;vS? toHom? bke;f Bu;D ? ta>ct&H
ajr;awmfpyfavonf/ rdzk&m; zGm;apmrSm e&odCFOpöemrif;\ ayg ponfh trsm;xufomcsio f nfh vdktif tpkpw k u Ykd kd avmbjyK
rdzk&m;wpfyg;jzpfonf/ jrefrmESpf 627? 636 ywf0ef;usif qkawmif;cJyh gonf/
wpf0dkufwGif xdkrdzk&m;ESpfyg;pvHk;onf tvSLBuD;rsm; jyKum odCo F o Yl rD;rSmrl qkawmif;[k qdak omfvnf; avmb
ausmufpmrSwfwrf;a&;xdk;cJhMu\/ rSwfwrf;wdkYwGif 4if;wdkY\ ryg/ &r®uef nf;ol? a&mif&h w J wfo?l trsuef nf;ol? Muifemoem;
pdwaf ep½du k u f kd EIid ;f ,SOf avhvmcGi&hf cJ&h m uREykf o f nf odCoF o
Yl rD;\ wwfo?l ynm½So d ?l taMumif;udk odo?l 0efrwdw k wfo?l tay;
pdwfxm;udk ydkí ESpfoufav;pm; Munfñdkrdygonf/ turf;½Sdol? opömapmifhodwwfol? uwdu0wf rysufwwfol?
rd z k & m;ES p f y g;pvH k ; onf jrwf A k ' ¨ o moemawmf u d k rarhavsmhwwfol? atmufarhwojcif; owdw&m;NrJol jzpfvdk
Munfñdkpdwf xufoefonf/ o'¨gw&m;BuD;jrwfMuonf/ onf[k qkyefxm;onf/ rdz&k m;\ pdwq f E´rmS Nird ;f at;vSonf/
rdz&k m;zGm;apmonf twkrahJ usmif;awmfBu;D jyKum tvSLBu;D ay;\/ arm[ryGm;/ todÚmPfynmom OD;aqmifaeayonf/
aumif;rItaygi;f udk t½Snw f nfwahH p&ef ajrr[m'geOf ,smOfukd vSL\/ xdkYaMumihf MunfñdkzG,f olawmfaumif;pdwfxm;½Sif
tvkyt f aqmif toD;oD;wdt Yk wGuf uReu
f kd vSL\/ oHCmawmfrsm; rdef;rjrwf wpfOD;tjzpf awGYjrif&onfh odCFolYorD;rdzk&m;udk
EdkYt&om ig;yg;udk rSD0JEdkifap&ef EGm;udkvnf;vSL\/ ponfjzifh uREfkyfonf ydík ESpfoufav;pm; Munfñdk&jcif;jzpfygownf;/
aumif ; Ed k ; &m&mwd k Y t wG u f aph a ph p yf p yf aoaocsmcsm
tvSLjyKcyhJ gonf/
od C F o l Y o rD ; onf qif ; &J u if ; &m jrwf e d A Á m ef u d k rSwfcsuf/ / 'Dvdk tar;rsKd;udk ajzwJhae&mrSm Zmwfaqmif ESpfOD;xJu
&nfrSef;um ausmif;aqmufvSL&mü jrwfEdk;tyfonfh vuf0wf wpfOD;OD;udk ydkíESpfoufaMumif; EdIif;,SOfaqG;aEG;&rSmyg/ b,folYudk ydkí
wefqm ponfwu Ykd kd pGecYf \hJ / ausmif;aeoHCmawmfwYkd csr;f om ESpfoufonf jzpfap aqG;aEG;oHk;oyfwifjyyHk aMumif;usKd; oifhNyD; aumif;rGef
pdrfhaomiSm v,f? O,smOf? uRefcyif; t<uif;rJh pGefYvSLav\/ ajyjypf&if trSwaf umif; &cGihf ½Syd gw,f/
xd k Y a Mumif h rd z k & m;ES p f y g;pvH k ;ud k & wemoH k ; yg;ü o'g¨ w &m;
ñGwef ;l olrsm;tjzpf av;pm;MunfñEkd ikd yf gonf/
rdz&k m;zGm;apm\ tvSLrSwwf rf; txl;ojzifh touf½Snfaom? temrJhaom? tqif;
]] rd z k & m;zG m ;apm}} pum;ajyonf yk * H a cwf vSaom? toHomaom? tvH;k t&yfvaS om? vlewfcyford ;f cspcf if
e&odCFOpöemrif; ( jrefrmESpf 592-597)\ rdzk&m;jzpfol jrwfE;kd aomig jzpfv\kd .... [kqv kd ukd yf gao;onf/ a½T? aiG ponfh
rd z k & m;zG m ;apm\ tvS L rS w f w rf ; ausmuf p mjzpf y gonf / Opöm&wem? qifjrif;ponfh ,mOf&xm;rsm;pGmwdUk ukd ydkifqdkif&vdk
rdz&k m;Bu;D onf ol\ tvSLudk tvSLjyKy?kH trQa0yH?k qkawmif;yHw k jYkdzifh aMumif;vnf; azmfjyxm;onf/
tpDpOfwus a&;xk;d rSww f rf;jyKcyhJ gonf/ bke;f wefc;kd Bu;D vdo k nf[v k nf; azmfjyxm;onf/ jzpfav
þtvSLrSwfwrf;udk jrefrmESpf- 634 wGif a&;xdk; &m&mwG i f tvS L oD w if ; o'¨ g ynm ponf h jrwf a om
rSwfwrf;jyKygonf/ rdzk&m;BuD;onf ol \ twk r J h j yKaom aus;ZL;wd k Y E S i f h v nf ; jynf h p H k v suf qif ; &J t rS w f u d k rod v d k
ausmif ; ES i f h w uG aumif ; rI t vH k ; pH k u d k t"G e f Y w nf a p&ef [kvnf;qdkygonf/ aemufqHk; qkawmif;udkrl ]]vl U p nf ; pd r f
ajrr[m'geOf ,smOfukd vSLaMumif; a&;xd;k ygonf/ ewfpnf;pdrf cHpm;NyD;í tqHk;wGif ..edAÁmefcsrf;om ig&vdk\}}[k
rSwwf rf;wif a&;xd;k xm;ygonf/
ausmif;? O,smOf ponfh tpkpw k u
Ykd kd jyKjyif&ef? xde;f odr;f
apmifah ½Smuf&ef? jyKpv k yk af uGs;&ef tppaom tvkyt f aqmifwUkd ukd rdz&k m;zGm;apmonf ol\tvSLudk olUpw d t
f vdk olUc,H rl I
aqmif½u G af p&ef uRefudkvnf; igvSL\ ponfjzihf azmfjyygonf/ olUoabmxm;wdUk appm;onft h wdik ;f þodkUvQif tvSLrSwfwrf;jyK
EGm;vSLjcif;\ apwem &nf½, G cf sut f jzpf ]&[ef;oHCmwdYk EdUk opf? a&;xdk; xm;ygownf;/ /
EdUk xrf;? &ufwuf? axmay;? axmywf pm;pdrfhaomiSm} [lí
azmfjya&;xdk;ygonf/ þwGif rdzk&m;BuD;onf tvSL0w¬K
wpfrsK;d csi;f pD twGuf rnfoaYkd om apwem&nf½, G cf suf xm;½Su d m qkawmif;t& od&onfh rdz&k m;zGm;apm\ pdwx
f m;
vSL'ge;f aMumif;udk odomatmif rSww f rf;a&;xd;k xm;ygonf/ rdzk&mzGm;apmonf yk*Hacwf e&odCFOpöemrif;\
xdkYaemufwGif aumif;rItrQa0jcif;wdkYudk rSwfwrf; rd z k & m;BuD ; jzpf y gonf / om;awmf Opö e mrif ; ? ajr;awmf
wifygonf/ aumif;rItusK;d wdu Yk kd a&ajrUocif jzpfaom rif;Bu;D e&oD[yawhrif; polwu Ykd rdz&k m;Bu;D udk ]]ocifzGm;apm}} ]]
ESiw hf uG rif;tqufqufwt Ykd m; OD;pGmay;a0aMumif; azmfjyygonf/ tzGm;apm}} ]]zGm;&if;}} ponfjzifh ½dk½dkaoao av;av;pm;pm;
þüvnf; igvifocif rif;BuD;? ighom; rif;BuD;? ighajr; rif;Bu?D;? ac:Muonf[k od&ygonf/ xdo k Ykd ta&;ay;cH&onfh tavsmuf
......
......ponfjzifh olt Y rsK;d qufjzpfyu kH kd odomatmifazmfjyxm;onf/ rdz&k m;Bu;D onf rmefwufc[ hJ ef ½Syd gonf/ *kPaf rmufc[
hJ ef ½Syd gonf/
qufvufí rif;om;? rif;orD;? rdzk&m;? armif;r xd k o abmxm;wd k U ud k ausmuf p m pum;ajyyg 4if ; \
cyford ;f ? trwfpaom Adv k yf gcyford ;f ? atmuft&yf? txuft&yf qkawmif;pum;wdUk t& qef;ppfwifjyygrnf/
ponf tvHk;pHkysHESHYatmif aumif;rI tzdkUudk &apvdkaMumif; rdzk&m;BuD;onf rdrdtvSLudk rSwfwrf;wif&mwGif
azmfjyonf/ ] oHo&mqif;&JrS xGufajrmufí qif;&JrJhaom twkrJhtvSL[k qdkcJhygonf/ tvSL0w¬KwdkYudkvnf; apwem
edAÁmefjynfodkU a&mufapukef\....} ponfjzifh txl;wvnf &nf½, G cf suEf iS ,
hf OS w
f GJ azmfjycJoh nf/ trQa0&müvnf; tysUH tESYH
rSww f rf;jyK ay;a0xm;ygonf/ &Muap&ef ay;a0cJo h jl zpfygonf/ xdk tvSLjyKy?kH trQa0yHw k wYkd iG f
þod k U tvS L jyK y H k E S i f h trQ a 0yH k w d k U u d k rS w f w rf ; jyK 4if;\pdwfxm;twGif;oabmudk cyfyg;yg;rQom jrifcGifh&ygonf/
a&;xd;k Ny;D aemuf qkawmif;yHu k kd azmfjyxm;onf/ qkawmif;pum;rsm;wGirf l bGi;f bGi;f Bu;D xif;aeygawmhonf/
olY qkawmif;rSm trSefyif qkawmif;qefvSygonf/ ol\ qkawmif;ud-k
&vdrk ?I jzpfvrkd ?I cHpm;pHpm;vdrk w I u Ykd kd ay:ay:xifxif rSww f rf;wif ]]...aumif;rItusKd;jzifh edAÁmef ra&mufrD umvtwGif;
xm;onf[k qdk&ygrnf/ edAÁmefra&mufrDwGif vljzpfvQif vljzpfaomfum; vlwumxufjrwfaom pnf;pdrf
vlwumxufjrwfaom pnf;pdrfcsrf;om&vdkyHk? ewfjzpfvQif csrf;om ig&vdk\/ ewfjzpfaomfvnf; ewfwumxuf
ewfwumxufjrwfaom omvGeaf om tqif;ta&mif xGe;f vif; jrwfaom? EdkifiHaomtqif;? ta&mift0gESifh
jynfhpHkvdkyHkwdkYudk a&;xd;k onf/ jynf h p H k í .........}}

ponf j zif h tpcsD y gonf / atmuf w ef ; ud k xnf h r wG u f ? 4/ aEGOD;..&mZm -oEÅ? od*Fg&?0D&?u½kPm?yom'
txuftjrifu h okd m arQmrf eS ;f onfh pdwo
f abmwdaYk Mumifh þqkrsKd ;udk 5/ ppfanmif? awmif -od*Fg&? 0D& ? yom'?
awmif;jcif;jzpfayrnf/ 6/ bkef;..wdk; &mr -0uF? Oyrm? od*Fg&? 0D&? orm"d
]]txl;ojzifhvQif touf½Snfaom? temrJhaom? 7/ waygif;.OD;,m?tJ -½lyu? orm"d? MoZ
tqif;vSaom? toHomaom? tvHk;t&vSaom? 8/ XmeD..MuifO..nnf; -jrnfoHpJG? u½kPm?
vlewfcyfodrf; cspfcifjrwfEdk;aom ig jzpfvdk\/}} 9/ av;armifh..ykn -oEÅ? od*Fg&? MoZ?
10/ awmifol.'Hk;csif; -twdo,? ½lyu?..[ó? 0D&? MoZ
[kaom qkawmif;wGif ykxZk Of rde;f rom;qefvaS om pdwx f m;wdYk 11/ aqmif;..q&maz -twdo,?.. u½kPm? eabxyf
xif[yfaeygonf/ ocFg&udik u hJ u
G [ f efr½S?d w&m;rJvh b S d [líyif 12/ tuRef..[efcsif; -Oyrm? 0uF? od*Fg&? oEÅ? MoZ
tjypfqzkd , G f jzpfaeawmhonf/ 13/ oifao aZmf.. -½lyu? oEÅ? 0D&? orm"d
a½T? aiG? ywåjrm;? ykvJ? oEmå.....}}wdjYk zifv
xdjYk yif ]]a½T h nf; 14/ ol&J....aiG&D -0uF? ½lyu? 0D&? MoZ
jynfhpHkvdkonf/ ]qif? jrif;? &xm;} ponfh udkvnf; rsm;pGm 15/ ESif;udkjrif..aemif -½lyu?0uF? od*Fg&?0D&?MoZ?orm"d
16/ tEkynm..xDvm -½lyu?jrnfoH?twdo,?0D&?MoZ?orm"d
ydkifqdkif&½Sdvdk\/ avmbpdwx f m;rsm;yif/
bk e f ; BuD ; jcif ; ? xif ½ S m ;ausmf a pmjcif ; ? tajcG t &H &oajrmufaMumif; ajzwJhtcgrSm oifcef;pmyg tjzpftysuf
aygjcif;wdkYudkvnf; BuD;pGm &vdkao;onf/ &avvdak v qH;k ½I;H qufpyfyakH wGukd azmfjy&ygr,f/ 'DtcgrSm ta&;tzJUG awGukd rvGrJ aoG
,kwaf vsmrh nfukd pd;k &dryf akd v jzpfaeoa,mif ½Syd gonf/ udk;um;azmfjyay;&ygw,f/ &otrsKd;trnfawGudkyJ ajzjy½HkrQESifh
]]jzpf
zpfav&m&m t&yfü tvSL oDwif; o'¨g ynm ynm...}} tajzaumif;rjzpfEidk yf g/ *kP?f tvuFmajrmufyukH vkd J ta&;tzJUG qdik &f m
paom jrwfaom aus;Zl;wdkYESifh jynfhpHkum qif;&JtrSwfudkyif pGrf;&nfrsm;ar;wJhtcg oifhavsmfovdk ajzay;yg/ (waygif;nSmusif
rodvdk[k qkawmif;jyefonf/ rD;pwpfzuf? a&rIwfwpfzuf ta&;tzJUG qdik &f m ajzqdyk rkH mS erlemudk avhvmyg/ )
arm[yGm;onfh pdwEf pS cf jG zpf[efukd awGUEidk yf gonf/ ynmtod½v dS Qif
qif;&JtrSwfudk rodvdk[k qdkrnfr[kwfay/ qif;&Jjcif;
opömw&m;udk jrifro S m ynmtod&Edik rf nf[k xifryd gonf/
cs;D usL;&efwpfcsurf mS 'ge? oDv? ynm ponfukd aumif; pum;ajyta&;tom;udk ajzcdkif;&if
jrwfaom pHjyKzG,frsm;tjzpf vufcHxm;jcif;ESifh b0tqHk;wGif pum;ajyta&;tom;udk avhvmw,fqw kd m awmfawmfav;
jrwfaomtuRww f &m;udk &vdak Mumif; ed*;kH qkawmif;yif jzpfygonf/ tqifhjrifhwJh ynmydkif;yg/
odUk aomftuRww f &m;&zdYk ,ckb0rSmyifvQif ud, k w
f ikd f usiahf qmif rif;wdtYk aeeJUuawmh tajccH avhvmrItjzpf -
avQmufvrS ;f tm;xkw&f rnf[ak om oabmrsKd ; xm;[ef rawGU&yg/ &nf½G,fcsufu bmvJ (ajymcsifwJhtaMumif;t&m)
vuf ½ S d *k P f B uD ; ol t jzpf u d k o m wG , f w m tcsut f vufawGukd b,fvt kd pDtpOfeYJ wifjyxm;vJ/
wefzdk;xm;ae[ef ½Sdygonf/ ukodkvfaumif;rIjyKaeygvsufESifh pDpOfyHkaumif;&JUvm;/
omoemawmf\ tppftrSef tESpo f m&ESihf a0;uGmvGe;f aeonfh pum;vH;k oH;k pGyJ kH qDavsmrf eS u
f efr?I vduk zf ufaxmufurl I
tzGm;apm\ pdwx f m;udk oem;yif oem;rdygao;awmhownf;/ b,fvdk½dSovJ/
b,fvdk xda&mufoGm;apovJ/
o'´gtxm;todrk eS &f UJ vm;? 0guszUJG ykH rSe&f UJ vm; ? ½Si;f vif;
ta&;tzJGUpGrf;&nfqdkwm ajyjypfrI½dS&JUvm;/
tvuFmajrmufy?kH *kPaf jrmufy?kH &oajrmufyakH wGukd ajzcdik ;f wmyg/ pum;oHk; uspfvspfxdrd&JUvm;/
uAsmwpfy'k cf sif;pD&UJ yef;wdik &f oeJY qDavsmf&m*kPtf csKUud awmh..... tqifwefqm tvuFmawG (*kP k f &o ajrmufraI wG)u
1/ a½TESifh vuFm -0uF? ½lyu? od*Fg&? yom'? MoZ? orm"d
2/ jrifpdkif;..yif;um -½lyu? jrnfoHpGJ? 0uF? 0D&? od*Fg&? MoZ b,fyb kH ,fenf; yhyHh ;kd aeovJ
3/ 0DZÆm..&| -Oyrm? ½lyu? b,meu pwmawGukd tenf;i,fpD jzpfap wD;rdacgurf &d ygr,f/

awmifilacwfpum;ajy
ta&;awmfyHkusrf; pum;ajy 3/ pD;csif;wdkufyGJ &mZm"d&mZf ta&;awmfyHkusrf;rS aumufEkwfcsuf
rGefbmomrS jrefrmjyefol- rGef0efBuD;Anm;'v
pum;ajyrdwfquf
pD;csif;xd;k w,fqwkd m/ pdeaf c:wduk yf /JG wpfO;D csif;&ifqikd f ppfx;kd yG/J qif? 'grSr[kwf jrif;udk pD;NyD; wduk wf ,f/ tjzpftysufu tif;0eJU [Hom0wD
tiftm;NydKiMf uwJh acwfumvuyg/ jzpf&yfreS af wGukd tajccHNyD; a&;xm;wJh &mZm"d&mZf ta&;awmfyukH srf; qdwk m ½dwS ,f/
rGefbmomuae jyefxm;wm/ ta&;awmfyHk qdkwmuawmh EdkifiHa&;? ppfa&;? wkdif;jynfa&;awGeJU ywfoufw,f/
jrefrmESpf 700 ausmf/ tif;0rSm rif;BuD;pGmapmfuJ 729hh762 vufxuf/ atmufjrefrmjynf [Hom0wD rSm &mZm"d&mZfbUJG cH rif;om;Anm;EGJU
eef;wufwmudk OD;&D;awmfol ajrmif;jrpm; avmufzsm;u jcm;em;w,f/ rif;BuD;pGmapmfuJudk ppful awmif;cJhw,f/ tif;0uvnf; ppfulay;cJhw,f/ tJ'DupNyD;
bk&ifrif;acgif vufxuf 763hh783 wdkifatmif tif;0ESifh [Hom0wD tiftm;NydKifqdkifrIrsm;[m jrefrmhordkif;rSm tESpfav;q,f y#dyu© ppfyGJqdkNyD; xif½Sm;w,f/
tif;0rif;acgifeJU [Hom0wD&mZm"d&mZfwdkY[m wefcdk;tmPm tiftm;NydKif? ppfyGJtcgcg ETJaeayr,fh wpfOD;udkwpfOD; rkef;wD;rI r½dSbl;/
&wemoHk;yg;udkBunfñdkw,f/ ynm½dSudk av;pm;w,f/ rdef;rwdkYudk ñSmwmw,f/ ol&Jaumif;rsm;udk cHkrifESpfoufw,f/
'gawGukd Anm;'vu Munfvifjywfom;wJh jrefrmpum;ajyeJU o½kyaf y:atmif a&;cJhw,f/'DaumufEwk cf surf mS [Hom0wDjynfh½Sif &mZm"d&mZf Anm;EGUJ ESihf ajrmif;jrpm;avmufzsm;&JU
uRefo&l aJ umif; Asnf;EGUwJ Ykd pD;csif;xd;k yGuJ kd awGU&r,f/jzpfpOftcsdeuf mvu jrefrmESpf 750 cefY/
pum;ajy\ &nf½, G cf suf

ol&Jaumif;wdkY&JUoabmudk csD;usL;av;pm;zG,f azmfxkwfjyvdkwJh &nf½G,fcsufu pm&JU&nf½G,fcsufyg/ rif;wdkYudk
avhvmoifMum;apwJh &nf½G,fcsufuawmh ol&Jaumif;wdkY&JUoabmudk cHpm;odjrifapatmif zJGUwwfwJh rGef0efBuD;Anm;'v&JU
pum;ajyta&;tom;udyk g cHpm;avhvmapcsiv f yYkd /J
pum;ajy\ vd&k if;tcsKyf
- [Hom0wDrmS rif;om;Anm;EGUJ eef;wufonfukd ajrmif;jrpm; avmufzsm;u axmifxm;cJo h nf/ ykord f ? cJaygiw f rYkd mS
xdt
Yk wlyif/ xdaYk Mumifh rif;om;u jyefvnf odr;f oGi;f onf/ a'gi;f aygiv f v k if? a';yoG,f ponfukd odr;f Ny;D ajrmif;jrodYk cso D nf/
- ajrmif;jrpm;avmufzsm; wdr;f a½Smifxu G af jy;rnf jyKonfwiG f uRejf zpfol Asn;f EGUJu wm;iHo h nf/ t½Siu f ,
kd pf m; Anm;EGUJEiS hf
ppfx;kd rnf[k qdu k m pmaponf/ Anm;EGUJ u vufco H nf/ tcsed ;f tcsujf yKum ajrmif;jrNrKd UwcH g;t0ifü &ifqikd af wGUonf/
- yxr tcsw D iG f Anm;EGUJ tiduk rf cd &H Ny;D ezl;uGo J nf/
- 'kw, d tcsw D iG f Asn;f EGUJ qifvnf;aoonf/ vlvnf; em;½Gujf ywfum Anm;EGUJ u tEdik &f vdu k of nf/
- wduk yf t
JG Ny;D wGif Anm;EGUJ u Asn;f EGUu J akd c:í pum;qdo k nf/ Asn;f EGUJ u ppf½;IH aomfvnf; pum;Edik af tmifajymí ol&aJ umif;
*kPo f ud m© udk wefz;kd xm;um toufpaw;oGm;onf/
aqG;aEG;zG,f avhusichf ef;rsm;

1/ ]pD;csi;f wdu
k yf }JG } \ &nf½G,fcsufum; tb,fenf;/
( pD;awmif Anm; a&;awmfzsm; z sm;
2/ Zmwfaqmif (2) OD;wd\Yk pdwx f m;ESit hf &nftcsi;f udk avhvm wifjyyg/
[Hom wdik yf if 0efwpfrsm;?
3/ rnfoludkydkí csD;usL;oifhoenf;/ ½Sif;jyyg/
ud;k &mhq,fah jcmuf olxif½mS ;?
4/ pdwf"mwfa&;&mt& rnfolu t½H;I ay;vdu k &f oenf;/ ½Si;f jyyg/
urefyu kd u
f ,d;k ',m;?
5/ pD;csi;f wdu
k yf oJG ½kyu f kd oifph um;jzifh a&;zGUJ yg/
ESpf 700 u wdu k yf rGJ sm;?
6/ rGef0efBuD;Anm;'v\ ta&;tom;udk taMumif;t&mESifh ,SOfí a0zefyg/
tHzh ,
G f <u atmif rGejf yefxm;/ )

ar;cGe;f wdk twGuf avhvm&ef pHjyKar;cGe;f rsm;
pD;csi;f wdu k yf rJG S o½kyaf zmftzJUG aumif;rsm;
1/ wdkufyJGrsm;wGif Anm;'v[k rnfonfhESpfupí xif½Sm;
pD ; csif ; wd k u f y G J pum;ajyonf awmif i l a cwf
vmcJo h enf;/
rGe0f efBu;D Anm;'v rGefbmomrS jrefrmbmomodkY jyefqdka&;om;aom
2/ a';yoG,fudk rnfol &oenf;/
&mZm"d&mZf ta&;awmfyu kH sr;f rS aumufEw k cf suf jzpfygonf/
3/ apmtJAnm;udk rnfol Edkifoenf;/
4/ a'gi;f aygiv f v k ifwiG f ykord o f m;wdu Yk kd rnfou l Edik of enf;/ pum;ajy\ &nf½G,fcsufrSm pD;csif;xdk; ol&Jaumif;ESpfOD;
5/ ightBudKufayudkum;[k rnfolu qdkoenf;/ jzpfaom [Hom0wDbk&if Anm;EGJU(&mZm"d&mZf)ESifh ajrmif;jrpm;
6/ ]eufjzefwu kd rf nf? 0ifawmfr[ l }k rnfou l apoenf;/ avmufzsm;\ uRef,Hkol&Jaumif; Asnf;EGJUwdkY\ ol&Jaumif;
7/ ajrmif;jrNrdKYudk odrf;&m oHkYvlrnfrQ &oenf;/ *kP&f nfukd odjrifapvdjk cif; jzpfonf/
8/ Asn;f EJUG "m;onf ausmuftxkrnfrQukd jywfoenf;/ pD;csi;f xd;k yJG jzpf&jcif;rSm ajrmif;jrudk odr;f oGi;f &ef csv
D maom
9/ ]oHawmif} onf yrmP rnfrQ½o dS enf;/ [Hom0wDjynf½h iS f &mZm"d&mZftm; ajrmif;jrpm; avmufzsm;\uRef
10/ pD;csi;f xd;k MupOf &mZm"d&mZf\ qifawmftrnfukd azmfjyyg/ Asnf;EGUYJu pD;csif;xdk;rnf[k pmapjcif;aMumifh jzpfonf/ pmyg
11/ wpfcgao aovdak wmhonf[k rnfou l ajymoenf;/ taMumif;tcsuu f kd a&;zJUG &mwGif -
12/ Asnf;EJGU\ "m;udk "m;aumif;ay[k rnfolu csD;rGrf;oenf;/ ]]uREkfyfudk rEdkifvQif [Hom0wDodkY jyefawmfrl/
13/ Asnf;EJGU\ "m;udk "m;aumif;[k tb,faMumifh qdkEdkifoenf;/ opömpum;wpfcGef; trSefqdk\/ 0ifawmfrl/ qifwGif;?
14/ pD;csif;wdkufvQif twlwljzpfacsawmhrnf[k rnfolwdkY jrif;wGif; ql;ajimifhcvkwf rcs}}
avQmufoenf;/ ponfjzifh 0guswdkwdkESifh vdk&if;udk wduspGmazmfñTef;Edkifonfh
15/ jrefrmESpf 700 ausmcf efu Y txufjrefrmEdik if aH cgi;f aqmif- ta&;tom; rsK;d jzifh azmfusL;xm;ygonf/ pdeaf c:ol Asn;f EGUJ \
ajzyg/ ½Si;f vif;jywfom;aom avoHudk ay:viG f xif½mS ;aponf/
16/ [Hom0wDqifjzLrsm;½Sif vufxuf twdik yf ifc0H efBu;D wpfyg;- pdeaf c:pmudk Anm;EJGU&pOf rnfodkY oabm½Sdonf udkvnf; -
ajzyg/ ]]... Asnf;EGJUonf ighudk qifpD;csif; owfMuvdk\ qdkonf/
ar;cGe;f ½Snf twGuf avhusihf ajzqdk jyifqifxm;&ef ar;cGe;f a[mif; ightBudKufay udkum; ...}}
1/ ]....}wGif ol&aJ umif;ESpOf ;D \ *kPu f kd ay:viG af tmif rnfoYkd paom EIwt f rlt&mtzJUG aumif;jzifh tm;&ESpo f ufaom avoHrsm;
a&;zGUJxm;oenf;ôl&aJ umif;wd\Yk pdw"f mwfukd ay:viG af tmif ay:atmif o½kyaf zmfxm;onf/
rnfoYkd a&;zGUx J m;oenf;/ 4if;aemufwiG f pD;csi;f wdu k &f efjyifqifMuyHrk sm;udk pdw0f ifpm;
2/ ]....}rS o½kyaf zmftzJUG aumif;yHu k kd azmfjyyg/^ ay:viG af tmif zG,f wifqufxm;ygonf/ rif;om; Anm;EGUJ qifawmfi&ufEUJG ukd
wifjyyg/ pD;í wdu k yf aJG jrjyifoYkd xGuaf wmfryl ?kH trwfwed Ef iS hf jAwfZwdu Yk
3/ ].....}rS ol&aJ umif;ESpOf ;D \ *kP&f nfukd ay:viG af tmif wifjyyg/ wm;jrpfao;yHk? uRefawmf apmEkodifwdkYvnf; 0J,m&Hí 0ifyHk?
]...}t& ol & J a umif ; wd k Y \ pG r f ; &nf E S i f h pd w f x m;ud k Asnf;EGJUu uefYuGufyHk ponfwdkYjzifh pD;csif;xdk;wdkufuGif;\
ay:viG af tmif wifjyyg/ aemufco H ½kyu f kd jrifa,mif cefrY eS ;f rdatmif azmfjyxm;onf/
4/ ].....}t& vuf½;kH &nf ESv;kH &nf xufjrufyu kH kd wifjyyg/ ]....}rS
pD;csi;f xd;k yHo k ½kyuf kd azmfusL;&mü -
Anm;EGUJ EiS hf Asn;f EJUG w\Ykd vuf½;kH &nfukd EIid ;f ,SOf wifjyyg/
]] .......Asnf;EGUJqifudk tpG,fcsif;,Sufí a0SYrdonf/ qifcsif;
ar;cGe;f ½Snaf jzqdyk kH rwefaomaMumifh qkwfav\/ tqkwfudk xyfí
ar;.........&nf ½ G , f c suf o d k Y a&muf a tmif a&;om;yH k u d k wdkufjyefonf/ wGef;a0SUa0SUí Asnf;EGJUqif vJav\/
avhvmwifjyyg/ cRef;oD;ESifh ½dkufawmfrlonf/ Asnf;EGUJ em;jywfavonf/}}
ar;.........rS o½kyaf zmftzJUG aumif;yHu
k kd avhvmwifjyyg/ [k 0guswakd v;rsm; qifhum a&;onf/ oGufvuf vsifjrefaom
ar;cGe;f a[mif; / / pD;csif;wdkufyJG t& ol&Jaumif;wdkY\ wdu k yf jJG zpf&yfEiS hf qDavsmv f u
kd zf ufonfh o½kyaf zmftzJUG aumif;yif/
oabmud k azmf x k w f a &;om;yg/ pG r f ; &nf E S i f h pd w f " mwf u d k pD;csi;f wdu k yf NJG y;D aemufyikd ;f jzpf&yfww
Ykd iG f Asn;f EGUJ \ pdw"f gw?f
ay:viG af tmifwifjyyg/
owå?d t&nftcsi;f wdu Yk kd xif½mS ;atmif jyxm;ygonf/ Asn;f EJUGonf
P115
vQif wef;wl&nfwl tav;xm;qufqw H wfonfrmS ol&aJ umif;
pD;csi;f xd;k yGw
J iG f ½I;H edrchf &hJ ojzifh ol&aJ umif; *kP&f nfxyd g;cH&onf[k wd\ Yk oabm*kP&f nf wpf&yf jzpfonf[k qdkEdkifygonf/
rSw, f o l nf/ xdaYk Mumifh rif;om;Anm;EGUJ u ae&may; ajrmS ufpm; Asnf ; EJ G U onf rd r d x uf tawG U tBuH K omvG e f o l
onf jzpfap rcH,v l akd y/ toufuo kd m pGeaYf csrnf/ þpdw"f gwf rif;om;Anm;EJUG ukd tEdik w f ukd rf nf[k pdwyf ikd ;f jzwfxm;[ef½o dS nf/
owåw d Ykd Nc&H x
H m;onfh Asn;f EJUG \ EIwaf jym trlt&mudv k nf; - pD;csi;f xd;k Muonfh tcg NrKd UwcH g;tuG,u f wapmif;aeESio hf nf/
]].......... ezl;uGJavNyD/ ywåjrm;aMu;rHkwGif Munfhí xdkodkYacsmif;aernf[k trSwfrxm;bJ 0ifvmonfh rif;om;udk
jrifawmfrlvQif Asnf;EGJUi,fh vuf&m[k jrifawmfrlwdkif; qif;OD;vGefonfESifh xGufwdkufonf/ "m;ruRwfaomaMumifh
aoonf/ wpfcgao aovdkawmhonf}} cRef;oD;ESifh ½dkufonf/ rif;om; ezl;uJGum qkwf&onf/
[kaom ta&;tom;rsK;d jzifh o½kyaf y:apygonf/ odEYk iS hf rif;om; 'kw, d wpfBurd f jyef0ifonft h cgwiG f AsnEf UJGqif vJaoonf/ AsnEf UGJ
Anm;EJGUrSm xm;awmfrlcsifvsufu uGyfvdkuf&ygawmhonf/ qifay:rS jyKwfusonf/ cRef;oD;ESifhyif ½dkuf&m Asnf;EJGU em;jywf
ol&aJ umif;wk\ dY pdw"f mwfrmS jywfom;vGe;f vSygonf/ avonf/
pD;csik ;f xd;k ol&aJ umif;wd\
Yk *kP&f nfrsm;udk tm;usEpS of uf
þwGif taMumuftvefu Y if;yH?k &J&ifyh ?kH toufu&kd if;í
twk,zl , G f jzpfvmaponfh o½kyaf zmf tzJUGaumif;rsm;udk þodv Yk Qif
,SONf yKd iMf uyHrk sm;rSm ol&aJ umif;wd\Yk pGr;f &nfowåo d abmudk om"u
avhvmjrifawGUEikd yf gownf;/ /
aqmifvsuf ½Syd gonf/
( rGe0f efBuD; Anm;'vonf olwifjyvdak om &nf½,G cf sufay:vGiaf tmif
þodkYvQif a&;om;xm;ygownf;/ / ) þae&mü rif ; om; Anm;EJ G U \ pd w f o abm
Bu;D jrwfyu kH v kd nf; awGU&onf/ qifay:rS jyKwu f saom Asn;f EJUG ukd
taorowf/ cRef;oD; udkom oHk;NyD; em;½Guf jywfapcJhonf/
ol&Jaumif;wdkY\oabm touf u d k vT w f u m ol & J a umif ; tjzpf wef z d k ; xm;
ol&aJ umif;wd\ Yk pGr;f &nfôwå^d oabm^pdw"f mwf^..... cJah Mumif;awGU&ygonf/
*kP&f nfwu Ykd kd awmifial cwf rGe0f efBu;D Anm;'v\ &mZm"d&mZf
ta&;;awmfyu kH sr;f vm ]pDcsi;f wdu k yf }GJ wGiaf vhvm awGU jrif&ygonf/ Asn;f EJUG onfum; ]]xm;awmfrlí uREfkyf r½TifaysmfNyD}}
[kqu kd m toufEiS hf &mxl;pnf;pdrx f uf ol&aJ umif;*kPo f u d m©
pum;ajywGif [om0wDjynfh½Sif rif;om;Anm;EGJUu udkom wefzdk;xm;vsufrif;om; Anm;EJGU\ ezl;rS 'Pf&mudk
vufatmufceH ,f jzpfaom ajrmif;jrudk jyefvnford ;f oGi;f ,l&ef &nfnTef;um -
a&mufvmonf/ NrKd Upm;avmufzsm;u xGuaf jy;rnf jyKonf/ xdpk Of ]]..ywåjrm; aMu;rHkjyifwGif MunfYí jrifawmfrlvQif
NrKd Upm;\uRe, f kH qifpD;ol&J Asn;f EJUG u wm;um olYocif udk,fpm; Asnf;EJGUi,fhvuf&m[k jrifawmfrlwdkif; aoonf/
rif;om;Anm;EJGUESifh pD;csi;f xd;k &ef pDpOfygonf/ wpf c gaoaovd k . ..}}
rif;om;Anm;EJUG rmS bke;f ½Sif uH½iS jf zpfonf/ qifp;D csi;f [l a om tEd k i f y d k i f ; pum;ud k qd k c J h o nf / vuf ½ H k ; &nf t &
xdk; tawGYtBuKH <u,f0olvnf;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf Asnf;EJGUu ½S;H edrchf NhJ y;D aom rif;om; Anm;EJUG tay:wiG f EIwaf &;y½d,m,fjzifh
rif;om;tay: tvef?Y taMumuf rxm;ay/ ,HMk unfr½I adS yonf/ tompD;,lum ol&Jaumif; *kPfudk xdef;oGm;yHkrSm av;pm;
olo Y cifEiS hf olaY 'otwGuf trsm;ud, k pf m; pGev
Yf wT f pGepYf m;vdak om avmufygonf/
Asn;f EJUG \ pdw"f gwo f nf ol&Jaumif;wdkY\ oabmudk jyaeygonf/ þjzpf&yfrsm;wGif ol&Jaumif;tcsif;csif; wefzdk;xm;
&mZm"d&mZfbUGJcH rif;om; Anm;EJUG \ pdwo f abmrSmvnf; av;pm;rI? ol&Jaumif;*kPfodu©mtwGuf toufESifh &if;um
av;pm;avmufygonf/ ajrmif;jrNrKd Upm;\ uRe, f kH ]]trIxrf;i,f}} apmifhxdef;rI? &mxl;pnf;pdrfxuf rdrdwdkY\ tpGrf;owådudkom
wpfO;D u tYw H ,
k OS jf yKiv
f mjcif; jzpfaomfvnf; tqift h wef; wefz;kd xm;rI? pGev Yf wT pf eG pYf m;rI? tepfemcHrI ponfh oabm*kPf
rcJGjcm;cJhacs/ qifpD;ol&Jaumif;tjzpf todtrSwfjyKcJhonf/ &nfwu Ykd kd tm;us twk,zl , G tf jzpf awGUjrif&ygonf/
]]igt h BuKd uaf y udu k m;}}[kyif qdck yhJ gonf/ þwGif ol&aJ umif;rSef ( pD;csif;wduk yf GJ pum;ajyt& [Hom0wDjynfh½Sif rif;om; Anm;EJUG ESihf

ajrmif;jrpm; avmufzsm;\ uRef,Hk Asnf;EJGUwdkY\ oabm*kPf&nfwdkYudk þodkYvQif ightBudKufayudkum;m;....}} ....}}
awGU&ygonf/ csD;usL;av;pm;zG,fyif jzpfawmhonf/ ) ponfjzifh uRet f qifo h mjzpfaom AsnEf UGJ \]]qifpD;ol&J}}[lonfh
^^xdktpGrf;owdåwdkYonfyifvQif ol&Jaumif;wdkY\ ol&aJ umif;*kPu f kd ta&;w,ljyKco hJ nf/
............................ jzpfaMumif; azmfxkwf wifjytyfygownf;/ pdefac:ol Asnf;EJGUonfum; ol&Jaumif; yDvSygonf/
ar;...pD;csi;f wdu k yf t k cH,lcsufESifh wm0efukd wifjyyg/ rif;om;u vufco
GJ & ol&aJ umif;wdY\ H nfEiS hf -
]]eufjzefwdkufr,f 0ifawmfrl}}
ol&aJ umif;wdYk\ cH,cl suEf iS hf wm0ef [k NrKd Ut0ifukd csed ;f qdv
k ukd o f nf/ rif;om; 0ifrnfukd trwfwed Ef iS hf
rGef0efBuD; Anm;'v rGefbmomrS jrefrmbmomodkY jAwfZwdu Yk wm;ao;onf/ apmEkoid w f uYkd vnf; &Hrnf jyifonf/
jyefqdkonfh &mZmm "d&mZf ta&;awmfyHkusrf;rS xkwfEkwfonfh odkYaomf rif;om;ESifh Asnf;EJGUwdkYu vufrcHacs/ ESpfOD;csif;om
pD;csi;f wdu k yf GJ pum;ajywGif ol&aJ umif;wd\Yk cH,cl suEf iS hf wm0efukd wdu k Mf uonf/
(.....zG,)f avhvm awGU jrifEidk yf gonf/
Asn;f EJUG onf NrKd UwiG ;f rS toifah pmifu h m vufO;D rI&&ef
jzpfpOfumvrSm &mZm"d&mZfonf rdrt d ½du k tf &mjzpfaom tm;xkwaf o;onf/ wdu k cf u
kd &f nf bke;f orÇm? qif;aumif; ponf
[Hom0wD xD;eef;udk odrf;,lNyD;aemufydkif; vufatmifcH tppomvG e f o nf h rif ; om;ud k r,S O f o may/ tEd k i f & ol
e,fy,frsm;udk jyefvnf odr;f oGi;f cdu k f jzpfonf/ rif;om;uvnf; wdu k yf t
GJ Ny;D aemufyikd ;f wGif -
ykodrf ajrmif;jr taemufwpfvTm;udk ppfcsDcJhonf/ ]]eifonf ighuRefom/ igodkYaom rif;udk pifvsuf
a';yoG,u f kd trwfwed f atmif&m - pD;csif;awGUrnfqdkonf/ eifhudk,fudk a,mufsm;aumif;
]] trwfBuD;udk EIwfa&;om wwfonf xifonf [k ,HkvSayonf.....}}
vufa&;vnf; aumif;vSayonf/ ..................}} ponfjzifh qdo k nf/ xufjrufaom pdw"f mwf½o dS l Asn;f EJUG uvnf;
ponfjzifh cs;D ajrmS ufpum; qd&k onf/ trwfwed o f nf ,cifu -
rif;om;\trsufrmef xdcH&pOf rI;rwfwdkY\ opömapmiho f &d yHu k kd ]]...."m;ruRwfí cRef;oD;ESifh ½dkufonf/ ezl;uJGavNyD/
EIwaf &;jzifh wifavQmuf ajz½Si;f cJ&h zl;onf/ ,ck a';yoG,u f kd ywåjrm;aMu;rHkwGif Munfhí jrifawmfrlvQif Asnf;EJGUi,fh
atmif&mü trwfwed \f toufpeG Uf trIxrf;aom cH,cl suEf iS hf vuf&m[k jrifawmfrlwdkif;aoonf/ wpfcgao
wm0ef,rl w I rYkd mS rif;om;Anm;EJUGu 0rf;ajrmuf pum; qd&k onftxd aovd k a wmh o nf / ......}}
xif½mS ;cJjh cif; jzpfygonf/ [k &J&aJ wmufacsypum;qdu k m uGyfrsufonfudk cH,loGm;onf/
a'gi;f aygiv f v
k if½dS ykord of m;wdu f Edik jf yef&m ol&aJ umif; *kPo
Yk kd v*Ge;f tdru f u d m© udk txGwt f xdyo f Ykd jriS w
hf ifomG ;ol Asn;f EJUG\
ajrmif ; jrud k quf o d r f ; &ef o m ½S d a wmh o nf / axmif v T m ;? cH,lcsufrmS jywfom; vSygb/d ol&aJ umif; yDvyS g\/ rif;om;rSm
armuf<um;cJah om ajrmif;jrpm; avmufzsm;rSm rcH0/hH xGuaf jy;&ef Asn;f EJUG ukd ESajrmaomfvnf; uGyrf suv f ukd &f ygonf/
pDpOfonf/ þwGif uRef,Hk ol&Jaumif; Asnf;EJGUu wm;onf/ ol&aJ umif;wdYk cH,cl surf mS ta&;BuKH vmvQif pGeUf pm;&ef
ocifu h ,kd pf m; wm0efcH,lum pD;csi;f awGU&ef pDpOfonf/ jzpfonf/ ol&aJ umif; tcsi;f csi;f tqifrh cJjG cm;ay/ tjyeftvSef
]]t½Sifhom;onf qifpD;aumif;awmfrlí [Hom0wDudk av;pm; wefzdk;xm;Muonf/ todtrSwf jyKMuonf/ odkYaomf
&awmfrlonf/ uREfkyfvnf; qifpD;aumif;ol&J[k tnHh rcHpwrf; &ifqikd o f nfh oabmxm;cH,cl suu f kd awGU&onf/
udk,fudk ,Hkí ajrmif;jrNrdKUudk tcdkifaeonf/ ....}} t½SifociftwGuf? udk,fha'o twGuf rdrdtouf
ponfjzihf pdefac:pm aponf/ rif;om;Anm;EJGU\ qifp;D csi;f xd;k ay;pGeUf&jcif;udk 0efrav;Muay/ qE´tavsmuf xrf;½GuMf uonf/
pGrf;&nfrSm *kPfowif;BuD;vSonf/ þonfudk trIrxm;bJ þonfrmS ol&aJ umif;wd\Yk wm0efopd w d [ f k qd&k ygrnf/
t½Sio f ciftwGuf toufukd &if;um trIxrf;rnfh cH,cl suu f kd
awGUEikd o
f nf/ av;pm; tm;usz, G yf if jzpfawmhonf/ pD ; csif ; wd k u f y J G pum;ajywG i f awG U jrif & onf h
ol&aJ umif;wd\Yk cH,lcsufESifh wm0efrSm av;pm;tm;us *kP, f zl ,
G f
pdeaf c:pmudk vufc&H ol rif;om;uvnf; - jzpfygownf;/ /
]]Asnf;EJGUonf ighudk pD;csif;owfMuvdk\ qd k o nf /
anmif&rf;acwfpum;ajy
&mZ0ifusrf; pum;ajy 4/ OD;aygif;usm;ESifh jrif;usm;½Sif
r[m&mZ0ifBuD;
Zmwfuu G qf ifyk§H
- nDvmcHrSm rif;BuD; vuf½Hk;qefY BuHK;0g;yHkudk rSL;rwfwdkYu jyuf&,f jyKvdk[ef jzpfMuwJh ZmwfuGuf/
- rif;BuD;u &dyfrdw,f/ wpf&ufrSm rSL;rwfwdkYudk ac:NyD; owif;pum;rdefYw,f/ wl½Gif;awmifajcrSm OD;aygif;usm;ESifh
jrif;usm;½Sicf ;kd qd;k vk,ufwhJ taMumif;yJ/ 'Dc;kd om;udk rrd&if ao'PfvYkd rdew Yf hJ Zmwfuu G /f
- ppfoBl u;D av;a,muf oGm;zrf;w,f/ rif;Bu;D u cd;k ola,mif aqmifNy;D &ifqikd ?f av;a,mufwpfa,muf jrif;a&; ,SO&f ?
cd;k ol&UJ jrif;a&; uRr;f usirf u
I kd av;OD;u r,SOEf ikd yf kH Zmwfuu G /f
- aemufaeYnv D mcHrmS rif;Bu;D u ar;w,f/ jrif;usm;pD;ol[m vlomrefr[kwf bke;f ½Sif wefc;kd ½Sif jzpfwef&maMumif;? Edik if aH wmf½Sd
jrif;pD; ppfonftaygi;f 0ef;&Hyw d qf ;D um zrf;vQiyf if &Edik rf ,f r[kww f hJ ewfbv D ;l jzpfEikd af Mumif; avQmufMuwJh Zmwfuu
G /f
- tqHk;rSm rif;BuD;u ]] ......... ? igrtdkao; }} vdkY rddefYvdkufwJh ZmwfuGuf/ /
( OD;aygif; ukvm; anmif bGm;tif; we*FaEG r[mrif;)
ar;cGe;f wdk
1/ rnfonfrS xkwfEkwfoenf;/
2/ OD;ukvm;\ Zmwdudk azmfjyyg/
3/ OD;ukvm;\ rdcifonf rnfonfh trsdK;tEG,f jzpfoenf;/
4/ ewfbDvl;jzpfwef&monf[k rnfolYudk &nfnTef;um avQmufwifoenf;/
5/ &mZ0ifvwf^ &mZ0ifcsKyu f kd rnfol a&;oenf;/
6/ ]igrtdkao;}[k rnfolu qdkoenf;/
7/ r[m&mZ0ifBu;D udk rnfonfrh if;vufxufu a&;cJo h enf;/
8/ &mZ0ifusrf;onf rnfonfh taMumif;t&mwdkYudk azmfjyaomusrf;enf;/
9/ cRwf,Gif;csufrsm;udk jyKjyifEdkifojzifh &mZ0ifonf rnfonfESifh wloenf;/
10/ OD;ukvm;\ Zmwdudkazmfjyyg/
11/ tdrk if;aomfvnf; vsijf refzswv f wfpmG jrif;pD;Edik of rl mS rnfoel nf;/
aqG;aEG;avhusifh&m
1/ OD;aygi;f usm;ESihf jrif;usm;½Si\f &nf½, G cf suuf m; tb,fenf;/
2/ Zmwfvrf;tusO;f csKyu f kd jyefa&;yg/
3/ yHkyef;oGifjyiftrlt&mrsm;udk ay:vGifaponfh ta&;tzGJUrsm;udk avhvmyg/ 7/ pum;ajy &nf½G,fcsufudk ajzyg/
4/ ajymoHqo kd rH sm;udk ay:viG af ponfh ta&;tzGUJ rsm;udk avhvmyg/ yk*Hacwf tavmif;pnfolrif;BuD; tdkrif;BuD;&ifhaomfvnf; vsifjrefzswfvwfqJ
5/ jrK§ yu
f u G jf zifh Zmwfvrf;zGUJ pnf;xm;yHu k kd ESpo
f ufygovm;/ jrif;pD;uRrf;usifqJ ½SdyHkwkdYudktHhMozG,f pdwfMuG tm;&zG,f odjrifapvdkjcif; jzpfygonf
6/ atmufyg 0gusrsm;\ qdkvdkcsufudk avhvmyg/ 8/ tavmif;pnfolrif;BuD;\ pGrf;&nfowådudk rnfodkY o½kyfaz:xm; oenf;/
(1) trwfwo Ykd nf igu h kd rpGr;f Edik Nf y[
D k &,fc;kd Muavonf/ 9/ o½kyaf zmf pum;ajy ta&;tom;udk avhvmwifjyyg/
(2) r&aomf eifwu Ykd kd rsut f /hH 10/ rif;Bu;D \ pGr;f &nfowåu d kd ay:viG af tmif avhvmwifjyyg/
(3) &atmif zrf;rnf[k tm;oefvsuf oGm;Muav\/ 11/ pum;ajy ta&;tom;udk avhvmwifjyyg/
(4) ewfbv D ;l jzpf&monf[k aMumuf½UG jH cif; jyif;uke\f /
(5) [,f trwfwYkd ? eifwYkd igu h kd tdNk yD [lí rSwMf uonf/ igrtdak o;/

ar;cGe;f ½Snf ar;cGe;f a[mif;rsm; ]]tdrf"g;vG,fvsuf OD;aygif;usm;xkyfESifh.......}}
1/ ]...}wGif tavmif;pnforl if;Bu;D \ pGr;f &nfowåu d kd rnfodkY ponfjzifh pdw0f ifpm;zG,jf zpfatmif o½kyfazmfa&;om;onf/
o½kyfazmfxm;oenf;/ ^ ...udk pdwf0ifpm;zG,f jzpfatmif wl½iG ;f awmifajcwGif rif;Bu;D u ppfoBl u;D av;OD;wdu
Yk kd
rnfoYkd a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/ ..wGif &nf&, G cf suo f Ykd a&mufatmif jrif;a&; jrL§ qG,f upm;yHu k -kd
rnfodkY...../ ]]rif;BuD;vnf; wzsifhokef cGmwHk? csOf;wHkjyKNyD;......}}
2/ ]....}rS &½Sad om A[kow k rsm;ukd azmfjyyg/ [l í vnf ; aumif ; ? anmif O D ; urf ; yg;acsmuf r S jyef t wuf ü
3/ ...tavmif;pnforl if;Bu;D \ pGr;f &nfowåu d kd ay:viG af tmif toifah pmifh aeonfh ppfoBl u;D av;OD;tm; rif;Bu;D u tEdik x f ;kd
a&;yg/ azguf tpGr;f jyyHu
k -kd
ar;cGe;f ½Snaf jzqdyk kH ]]acsmufuwufí jrif;av;pD;&HESifhonfudk vGwfEdkif
OD;aygif;usm;ESifhjrif;usm;½Sif pum;ajyrS o½kyfazmfta&;tom; (ar;cGe;f wpf ) atmif wdkufazgufí csOf;acs cGmacsjyKNyD;...}}
OD;aygif;usm;ESifh jrif;usm;½Sifpum;ajyud k anmif&rf; [lí vnf;aumif; o½kyfazmfa&;zGJUxm;onf/ þo½kyfazmf
acwfpmqdk OD;ukvm; jyKpkonfh r[m&mZ0ifBuD;rS xkwfEkwf tzGUJ wo Ykd nf vsijf refzswv f wfpmG jrif;a&;upm;Edik o
f l rif;Bu;D \
xm;ygonf/ yk*aH cwf tavmif;pnforl if;Bu;D touft½G,f vIy½f mS ;yHt k rlt&mwdu Yk kd ay:viG v
f mapygonf/
tdrk if;aomfvnf; bke;f vuf½;kH pGr;f &nf jynf0h xufjrufq½J ySd u kH kd rif;Bu;D onf ppfoBl u;D - 4 OD;wdu
Yk kd olwpfO;D wnf;jzifh
azmfjyvd&k if;onf þpum;ajy\ &nf½, G cf sujf zpfonf/ þwGif zdEydS f ajcmufveS Yf jrif;upm;EdkifcJhonf/ þonfudkvnf;-
OD;ukvm;onf tavmif;pnforl if;Bu;D pGr;f &nfjyyHu k kd 0w¬KZmwf ]].... a½SUuaygufwHk? aemufuaygufwHk? vuf0Jayguf
vrf;qefqefjzifh pdw0f ifpm;zG,jf zpfatmif o½kyaf zmfxm;onf/ wHk? vuf,maygufwHk oHk;BudrfESifESifpD;NyD;rS......}}
Zmwfvrf;rSm- nDvmcHwiG f rif;Bu;D vuf½;kH qefíY BuKH ;0g; [lí pdw<f uzG,f tm;&zG,jf zpfatmif azmfusK;onf/
pOf vufysO;f awmfusatmif tdrk if;ae[efukd &,fc;kd onfh rSL;rwf rif;Bu;D u trwfwt
Ykd m; oifcef;pmay;Ny;D aemufaeYwiG f
wdt Yk m; rif;Bu;D u wl½iG ;f awmifajcodYk csed ;f um OD;aygi;f usm; xkyEf iS hf trwfwdkYudk ac:,lar;jref; ajymqdkyHk? trwfwdkY avQmufwif
jrif;usm;pD; cdk;ola,mif aqmifí jrif;a&;,SOfNydKif oifcef;pm yHu
k v
kd nf; -
ay;onfh Zmwfvrf;jzpfonf/ ]] [,
[,ff-trwfwdkY? jrif;usm;pD;aom ckd;oludk eifwdkY
]][,
rif;Bu;D \ tdrk if;onfh toGiu f kd - awG U \ avm}}
]]............vuf½Hk;awmfudk qef Yí BuHK;0g;awmfrl\/ ]] a½Tz0g
]]a½T z0g;awmfatmuf ½Sdcdk;em;awmf avQmuf0Hhaom
oufawmf BuD;NyDjzpfí vufysOf;awmf usonfudk bk & m;/ jrif ;usm;pD;aomolum; vljzpfqef;r[kwf}}
trSL;trwfwdkY jrifavaomf &,fcdk;Mu\/}} ]]
]]EdEd k i f iawmf
Hawmf0,f ½Sdaom jrif;onf taygif;wdkY 0ef;&H
[laom ta&;tom;jzifh o½kyaf y:viG af ponf/ trSL;trwfwYkd qD;qdkYí zrf;jim;aomfvnf; r&Edkif&m}}
jyuf&,fjyKvMkd uaom pdwt f rlt&mjzpfay:yu kH v
kd nf; xif½mS ;ap [laom tjyeftvSeaf jympum;rsm; xnfo h iG ;f í o½kyaf zmfonf/
ygonf/ qufvufí - þwGif jrif;usm;pD;ck;d ol\ tpGr;f udk xdwv f efY acsmufcsm;aeoñfh
]]rif;BuD;vnf; trwfwdkYonf ighudk rpGrf;EdkifNyD[lí trwfwdkY\ trlt&mESifhtwl rif;BuD;\ tpGrf;owåd*kPf&nf
&,fcdk;Muavonf[k trSwfxm;awmfrlí}} ydrk x
kd if½mS ;vmygonf/
[laom zGJUqdkrIü rif;BuD;\ pdwftawG;udk o½kyfay:apaMumif; OD;aygi;f usm;ESihf jrif;usm;½Sif pum;ajywGif tavmif;
awGU&ygonf/ pnfol rif;Bu;D \ *kP&f nf^tpGr;f owå^d &nf½, G cf suu
f kd pmqdk
rif;Bu;D onf &mZy&d,m,fo;kH í rl;rwfwt Ykd m; cd;k olzrf; OD;ukvm;u þodkYvQif a&;om;o½kyfazmfxm;ygownf;/ /
&ef wl½iG ;f awmifajcodYk apvdu k of nf/ xdaYk emufrif;Bu;D \ vIy½f mS ;yHk (tavmif;pnfolrif;BuD;\ pGrf;&nfowådudk wifqufonfh pmqdkOD;ukvm;\
trlt&mwdu Yk kd - o½kyfazmfta&;tom;udk þodkYvQif avhvm Edkifygownf;/
]]rif;BuD;vnf; jrif;a½Tyef;pmyGifhudk 0rf;wGif 0wfvJjzL - ..rS tavif;pnfolrif;BuD;\ pGrf;^&nfowådudk ay:vGifapaom ta&;tzJGYwdkYudk
&pfNyD;aomf NrJNrHpGmuí......}} o½kyfazmf wifjyyg/ txufygtajzufk jyKjyifa&;om;Edik of nf/
ukef;abmifacwfpum;ajy
(a0óEÅ&mZmwfawmfBuD;) 5/ rdcifaomu rif;yl;q&mawmf OD;Mobmo
q&mawmf
ukef;abmifacwf pum;ajyta&;tom;rSm xif½Sm;wJh q&mawmfwpfyg;/ ZmwdrSm rif;yl;NrdKUteD; &yfom½Gm/ zGm;ouú&mZf 1120 cefYk/ aw? Z? ok? ae?
r? bl? pef? em? 0d? a0 ZmwfawmfBuD;q,fbGJUteuf pEúkrm& Zmwfawmfudk pwif a&;cJh/ ok0PÖomrZmwfawmfESifh bl&d'wfZmwfawmfrSwpfyg; ZmwfBuD;½SpfbGJUa&;cJh/
ck a0óEÅ&mZmwfawmfBuD;/ aESmif;vlwdkYpHxm;&wJh pum;ajy/

rdcifhaomuESifh a0óEÅ&mZmwf\ aemufcH Zmwfvrf;tusOf;
a0óEÅ&mZmwfawmfxJu aumufEkwfxm;wmyg/ r'D́yAÁtcef;uyg/
a0óEÅ&mZmwf yif&if;rlvu bk&m;a[mw&m;awmf/ w&m;awmfyg ZmwfaMumif;udk t|uxmvdkYac:wJh tzGifhusrf;rsm; ygVdawmfeJU
jyKpkxm;wm½dSw,f/ jrefrmpmayrSm a0óEÅ&mysKdU a0óEÅ&mjyZmwf a0óEÅ&ma[mpm qdkNyD; pmayyHkoP²meftrsKd;rsKd;eJU aumif;Edk;&m&m a&;zGJUcJhMuw,f/
a0óEÅ&mZmwfawmfBuD; Zmwf0w¬K udkawmh q&mawmfu jrefrmpum;ajyeJU a0a0qmqm? pdkpdkjynfjynf? oufouf0if0if vIyfvIyf
½Sm;½Sm;jzpfvmatmif a&;om; vufpGrf;jyxm;w,fvdkY ynm½SifawGu qdkw,f/ ck hhaumufEkwfxm;wJh pum;ajy&Jh aemufcH ZmwfaMumif; tusOf;udk
odxm;atmif avhvm&ygr,f/
od0dwdkif;? apwkw¬&mjynf jrwfaomNrdKUrSm od0d&mZfrif;BuD; rif;jyKNyD; om;awmfrSm odOönf;rif;om;vdkY trnf&w,f/ odOönf;rif; qdkwm
aumif;pGm ypönf;tpktyHkjyKwwfaomrif; / odOönf;rif;om; t½G,fa&mufwJhtcg r'´&mZfrif;\orD;awmf zkówD trnf½dSwJh rif;orD;udk xdrf;jrm;NyD;
xD;eef;qufcwH ,f/
zkówDrdzk&m;u ewfjynfrSmpHpOfuwnf;u odMum;rif;BuD;xHrS qk 10 yg; cH,lcJholjzpfw,f/ wpfyg;aomqku xl;uJaomtvSL'gejyKwwf
EdkifpGrf;ol om;aumif;&wem&vdkaMumif; qkyJ/ zkówDrdzk&m;BuD; y#doaE¨&NyD; bk&m;avmif;udkzGm;w,f/ zGm;OD;prSmyJ r,fawmf ... tuREkfyf tvSLay;tHh?
Opömwpdk;wpdrQ ½dSyg\avmvdkY ar;w,f/
rif;jzpfwJhtcg Muif&m rdzk&m;BuD;jzpfr,fholu OD;&D;awmf r,fawmf\ armif &JUorD; r'D́rif;orD;yg/ aeYpOfaeYwdkif; ajcmufodef;aom
OpömwdkYudk pGefYBuJw,f/ om;awmfudk zGm;wJhtcg a½TuGef&ufjzifh cH,lcJhvdkY ZmvDvdkY trnfrSnfhw,f/ orD;awmfudk zGm;wJhtcg opfeufa&jzifh
cH,lwmaMumifh uPSmZdefvdkY trnf&w,f/ a0óEÅ&m rif;BuD;[m qifjzLawmf ypö,udkpD;NyD; tvSLZ&yfajcmufaqmifudk vSnfhvnfMunfh½Iavh ½dSw,f/
tJh'DumvrSm uvd*&F mZfjynfrmS rd;k acgifwhJ twGuf 'kAuÇd E© &Å uyf rGwof yd jf cif; ab;usa&mufNyD; aoaMuysufp;D wJhuyfumv jzpfaew,f/ 'geJUyJ
ykPÖm;½Spfa,mufwdkYu udk,fpm;a&mufvmNyD; rif;BuD;xHrS qifjzLawmf ypö,udk tvSLcHygw,f/ qifjzLawmf&vQif rdk;avrSefr,fvdkY ,HkMunfrIaMumifh
tvSLvmcHMuygw,f/ rif;BuD;uvnf; vSLvdkufygw,f/
'gudjk ynfowl Ykd rauseyfvYkd tjypf'Pf oifhcH&NyD; 0uFygawmifoYkd rdom;pkvukd f xGuvf mcJh&ygw,f/ ausmif;ocFr;f wpfcrk mS rdom;pktwlaeMuw,f/
wpfaeY vjynfhOykofaeY rSm r'D́a'0D opfoD;½SmoGm;cdkuf a0óEÅ&mrif;BuD;u ZmvD? uPSmZdef armifESrwdkYudk ZlZumykÖm;tm; ay;vSLvdkufw,f/
opfoD;½Sm&rS jyefvmwJhtcg om;ESifhorD; r½SdawmhvdkY rdcifr'D́a'0D[m ylyifaomujyif;pGm jzpf&ygw,f/
'DaumufEkwfcsufrSm om;awmf? orD;awmfwdkYudk rawGU&wJh twGufaMumifh rdcifr'´Da'0DrSm jzpfay:cHpm;&wJh aomua0'emawGudk q&mawmfu
ajyjypfaomta&;tom;? ay:vGifaompum; toHk;tEIef;wdkYjzifh? u½kPm&oajrmufatmif a&;zGJUxm;wmudk avhvm&rSmyg/
( rdcifhaomu? Mobmo? a0&m yAÁ

ukef;ukef; u? &yfomZmwd ypö, )

ar;cGe;f wdk ajcmufuyf/
1/ rdcifhaomuudk rnfonfrS xkwfEkwfoenf;/ tyd'k f (8) usD;? OMoiSufwdkYtoHudkrQ rMum;&yHk/ idka<u;/ ar;/
2/ q&mawmfOD;Mobmo\ Zmwdudk azmfjyyg/ tyd'k f (9) aoavoavm/ om;&JwdkYpm;avoavm/
3/ i,fpOfu rnfonfhq&mawmfxHü ynmqnf;yl;cJhoenf;/ vlac:aqmif cH&oavm/ apwkw&å mjynfapvTwo f avm/
4/ ZmwfBuD;q,fbJGU\ twdkaumuftrnfudk azmfjyyg/ tar;rsm;/
5/ q&mawmfonf rnfonfh Zmwfawmfudk pwif a&;om;oenf;/ tyd'k (f 10) tdyaf ysmaf eoavm/ upm;jrL;wl;aeoavm/ qHyif?
6/ q&mawmfa&;om;um aESmif;vlwdkY pHxm;&aom pum;ajyudk vufajcudak omfrQ rawGU&/ iSuq f if csaD voavm/ tb,fou l ../
azmfjyyg/
7/ rif;Bu;D onf &ifaoG;ESpOf ;D udk rnfoUl tm; vSL'ge;f vdu
k o
f enf;/
tar;rsm;/
8/ r'Dá'0D\ &ifaoG;ESpfOD;trnfudk azmfjyyg/ tyd'k (f 11) qdwq f wd af e/
9/ ,ckrjrif&cJhwum;[k rnfolu tBudrfBudrfqdkoenf;/ tyd'k (f 12) tb,ftjypf? tb,faMumifh qdwq f w
d af eaMumif;ar;/
10/ q&mawmfonf rnfonfh t½G,fwGif &[ef;jyKoenf;/ tyd'k (f 13) om;orD;wku Yd kd rawG&Y ojzifh jyif;xefpmG aom
11/ om;i,forD;i,fwUkd \ bd;k awmfrif;Bu;D onfrnfojl zpfoenf;/ qif;&Jjcif;udk cHpm;&\/ ,cktvGeo f mí yifyef;qif;&Jjcif; jzpf&\
12/ a½TuGef&ufESifh wlaomvuf [lonf rnfonfh t"dyÜm,f ar;avQmufjyef/
&oenf;/ tyd'k (f 14) pyg;Bu;D a>r? xef;yif? aoG;jynfponfh a0'emjzpf&onfh
13/ tuREfkyf\ taumifudkom [lonf rnfonfudk qdkvdkoenf;/ taMumif;ESihf yduk aJ oma0'emcHpm;&yHrk sm; Oyrmay;í
tqH;k pGeaf om a0'emjzifh awmif;yefavQmufxm;yHrk sm;/
ar;cGef;½Snf avhusifh ajzqdk jyifqifxm;&ef ar;cGef; a[mif;rsm;
1/ r'´Da'0D\ aomudk rnfodkY a&;zJGUxm;oenf;/ ^....udk u½kPm
jzpfz, G af umif;atmif rnfoYkd a&;zJUG xm;oenf//
2/ r'áD '0D\ aomudk u½kPm oufz, G f jzpfatmif a&;om;wifjyyg/ ar;cGef;½Snf ajzqdkyHk erlem
^....udk ay:vGifatmif pDuHk;a&;om;yg/ ^..\ aomucHpm;rIudk ar;......]]rdcifhaomu}}onf u½kPm&oajrmufpum;ajy jzpf
ay:viG af tmifa&;zJyYG g/ aMumif; (taMumif;jyajzqdyk g/ )^(taxmuftxm;jzifh ajzqdyk g/ )
3/ &nf½G,fcsufudk azmfjyyg/ xkd&nf½G,fcsufa&mufatmif rnfodkY u½kPm&oajrmuf ]]rdcifah omu}}pum;ajy
a&;zJx YG m;oenf// ay:viG af tmif wifjyajzqdyk g/ ]]rdcifah omu}}pum;ajyonf a0óEÅ&mZmwfawmfBu;D
4/ rdcifaomu ay:vGifapaom OyrmtvuFm tzJGUrsm; taMumif;
r'ýD AÁtcef;rS aumufEw k cf suf jzpfygonf/ uke;f abmifacwfpmqdk
½Si;f jyyg/
rif;yl; q&mawmf OD;Mobmo\ vuf&maumif; vuf&mrGejf zpfyg
pum;ajyt& jzpfpOfukd rSwo f m;&ef vd&k if;tcsurf sm; onf/
tyd'fk (f 1) r'D́a'0Dausmif;ocFr;f pBuF HOD;a&muf/ om;orD;wdkYudk pum;ajy\ tpwGif opfo;D ½SmrS;D &m awmrSjyefvmaom
rjrifawGU&/ rdcifr'áD '0Donf ausmif;ocFr;f pBuOHF ;D odYk ta&mufü om;ESio hf rD;udk
tyd'k (f 2) EGm;i,f?orifom;i,fwYkd trdujkd rifvQif BuKd qjkd rL;xl; rjrifacs/ ,cifu om;ESio hf rD;wdYk BuKd qkd ysLiSmyHak v;rsm;udk a&½Gwf
yHrk sm;uJo h Ykd igt
h rdtm; om;orD;wdBYk uKd qykd /kH yifyef;aomfvnf;
ajymqkd rdawmhonf/ ajymqdyk w kH u
Ykd kd -
aysmufNird ;f cJyh /kH ,ckrl jcm;em;aeyH/k
tyd'k (f 3) om;orD;wdaYk jc&mvuf&mudyk ifvQif rjrifawGU&yH/k ]]EGm;i,fonf trdudkjrifvQif a½SUrSaemufrS wGefjrnf
ajrrIeYf tvdr;f vdr;f uyfaomud, k jf zifh c&D;OD;BuKd jyKy/kH b,frmS ½drS nf a<u;aMumf BudKqdk jrL;xl;bdouJhodkYvnf;aumif; ...}}
awG;yH/k qdwo f m;i,fwYkd trdrsuEf mS Munhíf vdu k yf u
kH o
hJ Ykd trdoYkd paom cdik ;f EdiI ;f pum;wdjYk zifh zJUG xm;onf/ oem;zG,yf if jzpfygonf/
uyfíaeyH/k ,ckrjl cm;em;aeyH/k wpfq f ufwnf;rSmyif -
tyd'k (f 4) upm;p&mtjzpf OoQpo f ;D rSnw hf aYkd y;&yH/k ,ckrjl cm; em;aeyH/k ]]awmü opfoD;? opfjrpf½SmrSD;í yifyef;wHkaomfvnf;
tyd'k (f 5) om;jrwftpHk Ed&Yk nfjzifh jynfu h ek yf /kH ,ckrwdu k af uR;&yH/k om;orD;wdkY\ rsufESmudk jrif&ojzifh tyifyef;
tyd'k (f 6) ausmif;ocFr;f wGif &ifciG af y:ü vl;vnfaysmyf g;yH/k ,ckrl aysmufNidrf;\\// ,ck r l u m; ighom;?ighorD; ZmvD?
rwly/kH
uPSmZdef armifESrwdkYudk rjrif&cJhwum;}}
tyd'k (f 7 ) yGo J bifuo hJ .Ykd .ausmif;ocFr;f okómefwpjyifuo hJ Ykd
[kaom tzGUJ wiG f &ifwiG ;f pum; wrf;w a&½Gwo f u H kd Mum;& jyif;pGmaom qif;&Jaomu a&muf&yHkwdkYudkvnf; jrif&onf/
P121
jyefonf/ pmemzG,fyif jzpfygonf/ xdtk jzpfukd -
om;orD;wdu Yk kd rawGU&? rjrif&jcif;aMumifh r'D́a'0Donf ]]pyg;BuD;a>rudkufí yifyef;aomoludk ykwfcwfbd
pd;k &draf omu trsK;d rsL;d yGm;vsufaejyefonfudk pum;ajyü - ouJhodkY....}}
]]..... ,ckrjrif&cJhwum;/....}} ponfh OyrmtvuFm½SnBf u;D rsm;zGUJ um xif½mS ;apjyefonf/ xdjYk yif
[k wwGwfwGwf jrnfwrf;rdyHkwdkYjzifhvnf; wifjyxm;onf/ tqH;k pGeaf om aomua0'emudk-
om;aysmufrcd if\ EIwx f uG pf um;yif jzpfygonf/ ]]xGufouf 0ifoufr½dSbJ aojcif;odkY a&mufaom
tuREkfyf\ taumifudkom t½Sifhom; jrifawmfrl&
]],ckrlum; ighom;? ighorD;wdkYonf tb,frSm
vwå H U } }
½dSygvdrfhenf;}}
[laom tar;xkwyf rkH sm;wGif om;ESio hf rD;udk awGU&?jrif&Ed;k ½SmazGum [l a om rcsd w if u J zG i f h [ awmif ; yef p um;jzif h o½k y f a zmf
aomuyGm;&yHu k kd awGU& jyefonf/ a&;zGUJ xm;onf/ oem;zG,yf ifwnf;/
xdkYjyif ,ciftcg awmrS jyefvmpOf tBudKaxmuf þpum;ajywGif pum;ajytzGUJ ½Si;f vif;ajyjypfrEI iS t
hf wl
vmonfh om;ESihf orD;wdt kY m; rdru
d OoQpo f ;D wdu
Yk kd ay;avh½dS\/ cHpm;rIa0'emudk tpOfrjywf oDu;kH a&;zGUJ [efaMumifv h nf; aomu
EdcYk sKd wdu
k af uR;avh½\ Sd / ,ckrl r'D́a'0DrmS - a0'emvdiI ;f rsm; tqufrjywf ½du k cf wfaeyHuk kd odjrif cHpm;rdap
]]ig\ om;jrwftpHkwdkYonfvnf; EdkY&nfjzifh ygonf/
jynfhukef\}} þodkYaompum;ajytzGJU pGrf;&nfwdkYudk axmufxm;
[k &ifzGifh½Smonf/ &ifaoG;i,fudk EdkYcsKdwdkufauR;cGifh r&onfh jcif;jzifh ]]rdcifhaomu}}onf u½k P m&oajrmuf pum;ajy
rdcifwpfOD;\ &ifwGif;tyl aomuudk pmemoem;jcif; BuD;pGm jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;vSygownf;/ /
jzpf&ygawmhonf/
om;orD;wdEYk iS hf twlae&pOftcgurl ausmif;ocFr;f onf rdcifaomuudk ay:vGiaf paom OyrmtvuFmtzJUG rsm;
aysmaf rGUom,mzG,f jzpfcíhJ wrf;w&onfukd - ]]rdcifah omu}} pum;ajyonf q&mawmf OD;Mobmo\
]]yGJobifuJhodkY}} a0óEÅ&m ZmwfawmfBu;D ? r'ýD AÁtcef;rS aumufEw k cf sujf zpfonf/
[laom Oyrm pum;toH;k jzifh ay:viG af ponf/ pum;ajy\ &nf½, G cf surf mS &ifaoG;twGuf aomuBu;D &onfh
rdcifarwåmudk pmemcHpm;rdapvdo k nfh &nf½, G cf suf jzpfonf/
,cktcgwGifum; aomu zHk;vTrf;aom a0'emjzifh
tESpo f m&rJh cHpm;&onfh tjzpfu-kd pum;ajywGif opfo;D ½Sm&m awmrSjyeftvm ausmif;
]]...ightm; þausmif;ocFrf;onf okomefwpjyifuJhodkY
ocFr;f avQmufvrf;t0ifoYkd ta&muf om;ESio hf rD;udk rawGU&aom
ajcmufajcmuf uyfuyf jzpfcJh\wum; ...}} r'D́a'0D\ aomuyGm;&yHrk pS um OyrmtvuFmtzJUG rsm;jzifh tm;jyK
[kaom tawGpum; qd&k acsawmhonf/ azmfusL;xm;onf/
ywf0ef;usif aus;iSuw f \Ykd om,mpGm wGejf rnfow H rYkd mS om;ESifhorD;udk rawGU&aom r'´Da'0Donf rdrdcHpm;
,cktcg tm½Hk rxifvmawmhacs/ xdaYk Mumifh xdu k s;D iSuwf u
Ykd kd - &onfwu Ykd kd EIwrf x S wk af zmf ajymqdk idak <u;rIjyKonf/ þwGif
]...aoavukefoavm}}
]]...aoavuk r'´Da'0DEIwfrS wdkuf½dkufajymae[ef jzpfatmif udk,fwdkifajymqdk
[k tar;xkwrf ad wmhonf/ þtzGUJ rsK;d aMumifh pdwt f vdt k xmrus jrnfwrf;pum;rsm;jzifh wifqufomG ;onf/
aomuyGm;ae&yHu k kd ydík av;eufomG ;apygonf/ om;i,forD;i,fwdkY\ ½TifjrL;0rf;om BudKqdkysLiSmyHk
xd k Y j yif rif ; BuD ; xH r'´ D a '0D u tusKd ; taMumif ; trlt&mav; rsm;udk -
]]EGm;i,fonf trdudkjrifvQif? a½SUrSaemufrS? wGefjrnf
pHkprf;ar;jref;yHk? rif;BuD;u qdwfqdwfaeyHk? xdktcg r'´Da'0Du
a<u;aMumf BudKqdkjrL;wl;bdouJhodkYvnf;aumif;?
qifhumqifhum tar;xkwfyHk? aqmufwnf&mrJh cHpm;ae&yHk?
orifom;i,fwdkYonff trdudkjrifvQif em;½GufESpfzufudk
rif;Bu;D urwHjYk yef cyfrqdwo f maeyH?k xdt k cg omvGef xyfqifíh yif
csDí vnfudkqefYvsuf trdqDodkY a½S;½Iajy;ojzifh a½SUrS ]]...emusifpGmaom temudk xufpGmaom ql;ajimifhjzifh
aemufrS ESpfvdkMunfndK BudKqdkf jrL;xl;ouJhodkY ....}} xdk;bdouJhodkY..}}
paom OyrmtvuFm½SnfwdkYjzifh (1)vSKyf½Sm;rIo½kyfay:vGifatmif ponfjzifh zJGUonf/ þOyrmtvuFm½Snfrsm;jzifh cdkif;EdIif;
zJUG xm;onf/ ½Tijf rL;cspzf , G o
f m;?orD;wdt
Yk oGiu
f kd MunfE;l awGUjrif a&;zGUJ yu
kH vnf; tqH;k pGeaf om aomua0'emodYk qdu k af &muf&yHEk iS hf
vdo k nfh rdcifch pH m;rSKwYkd xif½mS ;vmygonf/ aqmufwnf&mrJhol\ rcsdwifuJ zGifh[awmif;yef pum;qdk
,cktcg rdcifr'D́a'0DrmS om;ESihf orD;udk arQmv f ifo
h vdk aeoHwu Ykd kd jrifa,mif Mum;a,mif rdapygonf/ aMuuG0J rf;enf;zG,f
awGUqHkMunfEl;cGifh r&awmhacs/ ausmif;ocFrf; 0ef;usif0,f jzpfawmhonf/
om;orD;wdYk ajc&mvuf&mudyk if rawGUrjrif&í (2)oufom cGihf xdkYaMumifh rdcifaomuay:vGif xif½Sm;vmap&ef
r&onfh pdwaf omu yGm;avawmh&m OyrmtvuFmtzJUG wu Ykd þodvYk Qif yhyH ;kd axmufuv
l suf ½Sad Mumif;
]]omEkrnfaom awmifxdyfü qifwdkY\ ajc&mrxif ½Si;f vif; ajzqdk tyfygownf;/ /
ouJhodkY}}
rdcifaomurS usufrSwfzG,f tvuFmtzJGYrsm;
[laom cdik ;f EdiI ;f pum;jzifh qdjk rnfwrf;rd½mS onf/
1/ okomefwpjyifuJhodkY ( Oyrm )
om;orD;wdkYESifh qHk&pOfu rdrdxH (3)rcGmwrf;uyf þtvuFmudk rdcifaomu pum;ajywGif om;orD;
yHkudkvnf;- wku Yd kd rawGU&ojzifh ausmif;ocFr;f onf arGUavsmzf , G f rjzpfawmh
]]...qdwfronf tpm½Smí jyefonf ½Sdaomf aMumif; qkdnnf;ol r'D́a'0D\ pum;tjzpf oHk;xm;ygonf/
qdwfom;i,f wdkYonf trdrsufESmudk Munfhvsuf wdwq f w d af jcmufuyfykH *kP&f nfcsi;f wlaom ausmif;
vdkufukefouJhodkY...}} ocFr;f (tESKd i;f cH)ud k okomefwpjyif(tESKd i;f )ESESifh cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;..../
[k yrmqdkjyefonf/ aeYpOfusifvnf&m (4)awmawmif 0ef;usif
2/ yJGobifuJhodkY ( Oyrm )
owå0g "avhwu Ykd kd tm;jyKum cdik ;f EdiI ;f a&;zJUG wefqmqifomG ;jcif;rSm
... wGif ausmif;ocFr;f onf om;orD;wdEYk iS hf pnfum;
obm0 usvSygonf/
odu k Nf rKd uf arGUavsmzf , G f ½Scd ahJ Mumif; r'áD '0D\ wrf;wrI pum;../
rdrw
d rYkd o d m;pkaexdik &f m ausmif;ocFr;f wGif r'áD '0Donf aysmaf rGU zG,&f m cHpm;rSKay;pGr;f yHk *kP&f nfcsi;f wlaom
om;orD;wdEYk iS t hf wlae&pOf aysmaf rGUc&YJ onfukd ]yJo G bifuo hJ }Ykd [k ausmif;ocFr;f (tEdiI ;f cH)udk yGv J rf;obif(tEdiI ;f )ESihf cdik ;f EdiI x
f m;./
qdu k m ,ckro I m;orD;wdEYk iS hf auGuiG ;f &onfh tcg qif;&Jaomu
3/ a½TueG &f ufEiS w hf (l Oyrm)
aMumifh tESpfom&uif;rJh&onfudk ]]ok ó mef w pjyif u J h o d k Y
... wGif om;orD;wdkY\ t&dyfta,mifrQudkyif
ajcmufajcmufuyfuyf jzpfcJh\wum;}} [lí EdiI ;f qdck ahJ vonf/
rawGUrjrif& ½Smonfh r'Da´ '0D\ wrf;wpum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
þOyrmtzJUGwjYkdzifv h nf; (5)tNird ;f ESihf tyl tjzLESit hf rnf;
ZmvD? uPSmZdef armifESrwdkY\ vufuav;rsm;
uJGjym;aom cHpm;rI trlt&mwdkYjzifh aomua0'emudk xif½Sm;
(tEdiI ;f cH)udk a½TueG &f uf(tEdiI ;f )ESihf 0if;0go, G af ysmif;ESpo
f ufz, G ½f ydS kH
cJjh yefonf/
*kP&f nfwl tjzpf........ /
ausmif;wGif use½f adS eol rif;Bu;D udk om;i,f? orD;i,f 3/^2 ...ajc&mrxifouJo h (Ykd Oyrm)
wdkYESif pyfvsOf;í xyfwvJvJ ar;jref;cJhonf/ rnfodkYyif ..... wGif ( txufutwdik ;f )
a&muf&ufcwf aomuyGm; ar;jref;ygaomfvnf; r'´Da'0D\
om;ESifhorD;\ t&dyfta,mifrQudkyif rawGUrjrif&yHk
tar;pum;wdu Yk kd rif;Bu;D u rwHjYk yefacs/ cyfrqdwf omae\/
(tEIdif;cH)udk omEkrnfaom awmifxdyfü qifwdkY\ ajc&m
xdt k cg (6)omvGex f yfqifíh jyif;pGmaom qif;&Jaomu a&muf&
ruserf awGU&yHk (tEdiI ;f )ESihf cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;ojzih.f ......../
onf/ þodaYk om pdwcf pH m;rI tajctaeud-k
]]pyg;BuD;a>rudkufí yifyef;aomoludk ykwfcwfbd
ouJhodkY ...}} pum;ajy tvuFmwdkYudk oidcef;pmtvdkuftjyif
]]xef;yifvufrS usaomoludk ½dkufcwfbdouJhodkY....}} pkpnf;csuf tjzpf pm- 170 ü avhvmEdik o
f nf/
Zmwfvrf;tusO;f
P123
6/ aomEkwå&rkqdk;ESifh q'éfqifrif;
OD;ykn q'éfqifrif;0w¬K aumufEkwfcsuf wpfaeY q'ét f ikd o
f mrS a&csK;d Ny;D twuf a&pifatmif &yfem;
N
aepOfü BuKd wifprD x H m;onfh ajratmufvP kd w f iG ;f rS acsmif;aeol rkq;kd \
tqdyv f ;l jrm;csuf qifrif;udk xdreS o f nf/
qifrif;u rkqdk;udk tb,f tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;rnfjzpfí
owf&ufoenf;[k ar;onf/ rkq;kd u umodrif;apvTwíf jzpfaMumif;?
umodrif;udkvnf; awmifnmpHokb'´gu q'éfqifrif;\ tpG,fudk
em;awmif;yGwfqif0wfvdkonf[k ylqmcJhaMumif;? rdrdrSmvnf; bk&ifh
tzGt UJ EGaUJ umif;aom um&efcsw d pf um;ajy
]]OD;ykn&JU 0w¬Kaygif;csKyf}} pmtkyfxJrSm q'éfqifrif;0w¬K tmPmpufukd rvGe0f íhH ,ckvv kd yk Bf u&H aMumif;? vkyt f m;c&dum© ig;½Gmpm;
&aMumif; avQmufwifonf/ taMumif;pHkavQmuf&mü udk,fhtjypf
ygygw,f / OD ; yk n &J U taumif ; qH k ; 0w¬ K v d k Y owf r S w f M uw,f /
ig;&mhig;q,fxJ u bk&m;avmif; q'éfqifrif;taMumif;yg/ 'D0w¬KrSm ayghatmif wifavQmuf awmif;yef\/
qifrif;u(bk&m;qkyefolawmfaumif;w&m;usifhBuH? yg&rD
um&efcsdwfpum;ajy ta&;tom;(a&;[ef)udk oHk;w,f/ 'gaMumifh
&ifo
h efvNS yjD zpfonft h avsmuf) onf;cHciG v hf w
T of nf/ rdr\ d tpG,u f rkd S
½Gwq f ekd m;axmif&wm ajyjypfw,f/ t&om½dw S ,f/ a[mpmawGxrJ mS
em;0,fyefvdkonf[k BuHjcif;rSm toufudk vdkjcif;aMumifh jzpfrnf[k
zwfol emol tvGefESpfNcdKufNyD; a½SUwef;u vdkufw,f/
odjrifonf/ umodrif;\ awmifnmpH rdz&k m;Bu;D okb'´gonf qifb0u
OD;ykn bmawG pGrf;ovJ rdrd\ plVokb'´g[k qufpyfum twdwfutjzpfudk tjypf,l &efNidK;
tm0ZÆef; = pdw0f ifpm;zG,jf zpfatmif jyKvmjcif;[k oabmayguo f nf/ xdt k aMumif;rsm;udk csKyNf ird ;f apvdo k jzifh
pDumywfuHk; ajymEdkifpGrf;/ rkqdk;tm; tpG,fjzwfcGifh ay;vdkufonf/
wcFPkyÜwådÓmPf = ½kwfw&ufay:aygufvmaom rkqdk;u tm;&0rf;om rñSmrwm wdkufjzwfonf/ r&/
ÓmPf/ vufwef;ÓmPf/ qifrif; udk,fwdkif wdkufjzwfay;rS &onf/
y#dbmefÓmPf = xufjrufzswfvwfaomÓmPf/ qifrif;u rkqdk;tm; trSmpum;yg;onf/ rdzk&m;okb'´g
vsifjrefaomÓmPf/ tvdu k s qifrif;udo k wfí tpG,u f &kd cJah Mumif;? oH;k &ufawmfral o;vQif
uAsmÓmPf = uAsma&;zGJUEdkifaom tpGrf;owåd/ pdwftvdk ½dSwdkif; jyKEdkifaMumif;? twdwfu tjypfa'gorSm tjypfBuD;
olU0w¬Krsm; = vlo Y ½kyu f ykd o
D atmif zefqif;jy ,l&efr[kwaf omfvnf; ,ckrl tjypf,l owf&ufoal Mumifh jrm;csuEf iS hf
Edkifaom *kPfaMumifh ausmfapm/ toufqHk;NyD jzpfaMumif; avQmufwifaponf/ rkqdk;\ tjyefvrf;
ynm½dSrsm;tjrif = t*Fvdyfpma&;q&mBuD;½dSwf ab;&efuif;ap&efvnf; pDraH y;vdu k o f nf/
pyD;,m;ESihf cdik ;f EdiI ;f avh½/Sd
'D a umuf E k w f c suf r S m OD ; yk n u ol a wmf a umif ; wd k Y & J U ar;cGef;½Snf ^ a[mif;
onf;cHpdwf? cGifhvTwfpdwfudk trTef;wifxm;ygw,f/ pum;ajy&JU 1/ ]]...}}pum;ajrrS cHpm;&aom &orsm;udk azmfjyyg/
&nf½G,fcsufu olawmfaumif;wdkY&JU pdwfoabmxm; tjyKtrlwdkYudk 2/ ]]..}}wGif olawmfaumif; p½dkufudk rnfodkYa&;om;xm;oenf;/ûdk
ESpo f ufvufcaH pvdjk cif;? ol,w k rf mwd\Yk p½du k u f kd pufqyk af pvdjk cif;vdYk ay:viG t f mif a&;om; ajzqdyk g/
qdo k ifyh gw,f/ 3/ ..rkqdk;\ pdwfaepdwfxm;ESifh p½dkufwdkYudk ay:vGifatmifwifjyyg/
Zmwfaqmifrsm; 4/ ....rS &oESihf oifcef;pmrsm;udk wifjyyg/
q'éfqifrif; - bk&m;avmif;? olawmfaumif;w&m; usifhBuHol/ 5/ ...wGif &oESihf cHpm;rIrsm;udk rnfoaYkd &;zJUG xm;oenf;/
r[mokb'´g - qifrif;\ vuf,m&HMuif&m/ (plVokb'´guvuf0&J )H 6/ ...onf u½kPm&oajrmuf pum;ajy jzpfaMumif; wifjyyg/ (
plVokb'´g - umod r if ; \vuf , m&H ? awmif e ef ; pH rd z k & m;
(tNiKd ;Bu;D ol)/ q'éf ykn aomEkwå&? yknmbd"Z?
aomEkwå&rkqdk; - umodrif;apcdkif;csuft& ig;½Gmpm; vkyfcjzifh Zmwd pav cifBuD;p? wlarmif; OD;'Dy?
qifrif;udk vkyfBuHol/ ½Gmpnf NrdKU BuD; armifykwfp
umodrif; - Am&mPoDwnf&m umodwdkif;\rif;/
edwHkZrÁL - y'kr®m0wfqHtqif;½dSaom ZrÁL&Zfa½T? (a½TvdIPf*l)/
ar;cGe;f wdk [k tpcso
D nf/
1/ vludkacG;owfavjcif;[k rif;wkef;rif;BuD;u tb,faMumifhrdefY okb'´gukd uJ&h UJ jypfwifz,
G jf zpfatmif -
oenf;/ ]]tqmus,fvS ½Sifbk&ifrBuD;u....}}
2/ uAsmÚmPf tmabmfuvnf; uavmfwdkif; xGufaomaMumifh[k [k ñTe;f qdo
k nf/
rnfou l qdo k enf;/
3/ olY0w¬Krsm;onf rnfonhf *kPfaMumifh ausmfapmjcif; jzpfoenf;/ pGryf um;Bu;D rm;ol qifrif;udrk l -
4/ ynm½Srd sm;u OD;yknudk rnfoEl iS hf ckid ;f EIid ;f oenf;/ ]]qifrif;ocif xdyfacgifwif}}
5/ a[mpmwdkYteuf rnfonfh0w¬Konf xdyfwefuvdkufoenf;/ ]]q'éfbkef;<u,f}}
6/ rif;wke;f rif;xHcpm;pOf rnfonfb h UGJ EiS hf xrf;½Gu&f oenf;/ ponfh pum;y&d,m,frsm; a00kpo
f ;kH um wifavQmufonf/
7/ OD;ykn\ vlYobm0y"metzJGUrsm;udk rnfonfh 0w¬Kü ]]tpG,fudkvdkol rdzk&m;? toGm;tapcdkif;ol
awGU&oenf;/ rif;{u&mZf? av;ypfol bk&m;uRefawmf? BuHazmfBuHzuf
8/ ][dv k Bl u;D u ysm,D;ysm,m...}[lonf rnfoUl u&kd nfneT ;f oenf;/ oHk;a,mufom; teufwGifrS uHuGufusm;í
9/ toH;k uHauR; ig;½Gmpm;vkycf udk rnfou l &oenf;/ irdkufom;rkqdk;av .......}}
10/ cspfBudK;jzwfajz [lonf rnfonfh t"dyÜm,f&oenf;/ [k qdu k m ud,
k v
f wG f ½H;k jyefonf/ þtzGUJ ww Ykd iG f rkq;kd udk pufqyk f
11/ oifo h ufa0i,fvif[o l nf rnfoUl ukd &nfneT ;f oenf;/ ½G½H mS rdum 0Dbpä&o cHpm;&ygonf/
12/ Am&mrihf;vnfqGJ[lonf rnfodkY qdkvdkoenf;/
qifrif;u tpG,jf zwf,cl iG ahf y;vdu k o f nfwiG f rkq;kd rSm
13/ r,m;a[mif;vufeuf [lonf rnfodkY qdkvdkoenf;/
tm;&0rf;om jzpfomG ;ygonf/ rdrt d vdjk ynfíh 0rf;ajrmufvo S nfh
14/ OD;ykn\ taumif;qHk; 0w¬KrSm tb,fenf;/
trlt&mudk OD;yknu oa&mfawmfawmfzUJG xm;yHrk mS -
15/ i,fq&mrsm;um; tb,fenf;/
]]....&efzufcsif;uJhodkY csufcsif;x<u ursm; uwnfhí
16/ rnfonfh q&mawmfxHü qufvufqnf;yl;oenf;/
vTBuD;udk udkifvsuf jzwfrnf[k wufaomfvnf;
N
rwwfEdkifacs/ yef;[dkufíaeonf/}}
[líjzpfonf/ rkq;kd \ tajymif;tvJjrefveG ;f onfh trlt&mudk
jrif&onfrmS pufqyk jf cif;ESit
hf wl NyKH ;csipf zG,f &o cHpm;&ygonf/
rkqdk;u qifrif;\ tpG,fudk vTjzifhwdkufjzwf&mü
rñSmrwm &uf&ufpufpuf jyKavonf/
f ifrif;pum;ajyrS &oajrmuf ta&;tom;
omEkw&å rkq;kd ESihf q'éq ]]av;pGefawmifESifh? tmaygifudkvSef 'dkif;axmufí
]]aomEkwå&rkqdk;ESifh q'éfqifrif;}}pum;ajyonf uefNyD;vQif}}
uk e f ; abmif a cwf p mqd k OD ; yk n \ ]]q'´ e f q if r if ; 0w¬ K }}rS ]]tmpudkjzwfwdkuf OD;aESmufodkY cdkufvkatmif
aumufEw k cf suf jzpfygonf/ tvsm;vdkuf xdk;oGwf pG,f&if;udk yGwfonfwGif}}
þpum;ajywGif aomEkwå&rkqdk;\ trltusifhudk [laom tzGUJ rsm;jzifh odjrifaponf/ þwGirf q k ;kd \ trltusiu
hf kd
pufqyk zf , G f jrif&onf/ olonf umodrif;ESihf rdz&k m;okb'´gwu Ykd pufqyk ½f okH mru ol,w k rf mrkq;kd tm; ysupf ;D apvdak om cufxef
toHk;uHauR; ig;½Gmpm;ay;NyD; apvTwfcH&ojzifh rdrdtBuH Murf;MuKwo f nfh cHpm;rI t&omrsm; jzpfay:vm&ygonf/ ½k'&´ oudk
atmifjrifatmif vHUk vBu;D pGm tm;xkwcf o hJ l jzpfonf/ qifrif;udk jzpfaponfh tzGUJ [k qd&k ygrnf/
qdyvf ;l jrm;jzifh ajratmufwiG ;f rSaeí vkyBf uo H l jzpfonf/ OD ; yk n onf qif r if ; ud k r l cEÅ D y g&rD ? 'geyg&rD
odkYaomf taMumif;&if;udk qifrif;u ar;onfhtcg Bu;D &ifo
h t
l jzpf zGUJ &mwGif tHMh ocs;D usL; av;pm;zG,f ½Sad tmif -
vDq,f vSnyhf wf ajymqdck yhJ gonf/ olpY um;wdw Yk iG f qifrif;xHrS ]]ightpG,fjrwf ½dk;awmf"mwfudk igjzwfí vSL...}}
oem;ñSmwmrI &atmif - [kqNkd y;D vQif ud,
k w
f ikd w
f u
kd jf zwfNy;D rkq;kd xH tpG,af y;tyfyu
kH kd
]]vltdkrkqdk; uRefawmfrsKd;um;....}} zGUJ onf/ rkq;kd u vTjzifh rñSmrwmwdu k jf zwfonfh tjzpftysuf
üvnf;-
P125
ponfjzifh ñTe;f qdyk ?kH pGr;f yum;Bu;D rm;vSol qifrif;udrk l -
]]qifrif;jrwfvnf; Oy'fBuD;pGm a0'emudk ynmjzifh ]]qifrif;ocif xdyfacgifwif}}
odrf;qnf;í onf;nnf;cHawmfrlvQif}} ]]q'éfbkef;<u,f}}
ponfjzifh onf;cHawmfrlyHkudk a&;zGJUonf/ xdkYaemuf qifrif; ponfh pum;y&d,m,frsm; a00kpo f ;kH um rsuEf mS vkyf ajymqdyk w kH üYkd
toufq;kH &yHu k kd zGUJ jyonf/ þwGiv f nf; qifrif;udk tHMh ocs;D usL; pufqkyfzG,f jrif&onf/ 0Dbpä&oESifhtwl tajymif;tvJ
jcif;? MunfndKav;pm;jcif;? oem;u½kPm ouf&jcif; ponfh vkyw f wfonfh xdpk ½du k f obm0rsKd ;½So d u l kd raygi;f azmftyfaMumif;
cHpm;rI&orsm;udk jzpfapatmif a&;zGUJ Eikd af Mumif; awGU&ygonf/ todtjrifymG ;&ygonf/
plVokb'´g\ trltusiu hf kd OD;yknurkq;kd \pum;wGif qif r if ; u tpG , f j zwf , l c G i f h ay;vd k u f o nf w G i f
]]tqm us,fvS ½Sifbk&ifrBuD;u........}} rkqdk;vlrdkufrSm tm;&0rf;om jzpfoGm;ygonf/ rdrdtvdkjynfhí
[kqu kd m rESpNf rKd Uz,
G f cHpm;&atmif a&;zGUJ onf/ 0rf;ajrmufvo S nfh trlt&mudk xif½mS ;aponfh tzJUG rmS -
aemufq;kH wGif qifrif;\ tpG,u f kd vuf0,f&onft h cg ]]olESifhqifrif; &efzufcsif;uJhodkY csufcsif;x<u
0rf;romEdik bf J pdwv f ukd rf mefyg jyKrjd cif;\ trSm;udk aemifw&onfh ursm; uwnfhí vTBuD;udk udkifvsuf jzwfrnf[k
okb'´g tjzpfurkd l u½kPmoufaom cHpm;rI jzpfapatmif- wuf......}}
]]ylpudkiifrdvQif ylyifv,fa& vdIif;aAmifAif þwGif rkq;kd \tjyKtrl? ajympum;wdüYk wnfMunfrI
a0aomaMumifh rajzEdkif rqnfEdkif tonf;pdkif rJah om tajymif;tvJrsm;aom ol,w k rf mpdwx f m;rsm; xif[yfaeyH?k
avmifjcpf usrsuf&nf acsmif;jzpfatmif ......}} toufab; BuHKonfhtcg udk,fvGwf½kef;yHkwdkYudk jrif&jyefonf/
ponfjzifh wifqufxm;ygonf/ þtzJUGwüYdk oem; u½kPm&oudk þonfwrYkd mS vnf; ,kwn f o
YH w
l wYkd iG f jrifawGU&rnfh vlo Y bm0wdYk
jzpfay:apjyefonf/ jzpfaMumif; qifjcifryd gonf/
þodkYvQif oem;jcif;? pufqkyfjcif;? Murf;MuKwfjcif;? pum;ajywGif bk&m;avmif;qifrif;onf av;pm;
tHhMojcif;? paom &oajrmufta&;tzGJUrsm;udk zwf½I&ojzifh tm;us twk,zl , G f Zmwfaqmifjzpfonf/ vkyBf uv H mol rkq;kd udk
&oajrmuf pum;ajywpfyk'f jzpfaMumif;vnf; xif½Sm;ae tvsipf vdk tjypfay; owfjzwfjcif;rjyKbJ taMumif;&if; pl;prf;
ygownf;/ / cJhyHkudk-
]]...... b,ftusKd;xl; aus;Zl;BuD;rm;
oifüyGm;rnfaMumifh ightm; oif owf&ufoenf;}}
aomEkw&å rkq;dk ESihf q'éqf ifrif;rS &otodtjrifoifcef;pm
[k a om tar;pum;wG i f awG U E d k i f o nf / trsuf a 'goud k
aomEkw&å rkq;kd ESihf q'éq f ifrif; onf uke;f abmif
od r f ; qnf ; jcif ; ? taMumif ; tusKd ; ud k pd p pf j cif ; paom
acwfpmqdk OD;ykna&;aom q'éfqifrif;0w¬KrS xkwfEkwfcsuf
olawmfaumif;ynm½Sd oabm vu©Pmudk odjrifciG &hf cJyh gonf/
jzpfonf/
taMumif;&if; od&pOfüvnf; tjypf,ljcif; rjyK/
pum;ajywGif t"duZmwfaqmif wpfOD;jzpfonfh
]a½Tudk,fawmfyGm; &ifESpfom;uJhodkY} oem; ñSmwmcJo h nf/
aomEkw&å rkq;kd onf umodrif;ESihf rdz&k m;okb'´gwYkd apcdik ;f rIt&
toHk;uHauR; ig;½Gmpm;ay;onfudk vufcHum qifrif;udk tpG,u f kd rkq;kd u rñSmrwm &ufpufpmG wku d jf zwfpOf
qdyfvl;jrm;jzifh ypfcwf vkyfBuHol jzpfonf/ rSmvnf; jyif;pGmaom a0'emudk ynmjzifh odr;f qnf;onf;cHyrkH mS
tHch s;D zG,yf if jzpfygonf/ ]ightpG,fjrwf ½dk;awmf"gwfudk ig jzwfí
bk&m;avmif; qifrif;u taMumif;&if;udk ar;ppfonfh
vS L awmh r nf . ........}[k zGifh[ajymqdkum tpG,fudk udk,fwkdif
tcg oluY kd qifrif;u oem;atmif? olt Y jypfvw
G af tmif vSñyhf wf
wku d jf zwf ay;vSLcJo h nf/ avmifpm &efNiKd ;yGm;um rke;f yifpu kd yf sK;d
avQmufwifco hJ nf/ xdo k abm trlt&mudk -
onfh rkq;kd wpfyikd ;f rde;f r½dik ;f okb'´guv dk nf; em;vnfrx I m;um
]]vltdkrkqdk; uRefawmfrsKd;um;.......}} &efp Nird ;f apzdYk pDpOfco hJ nf/
[k tpcsaD jymqdyk ?kH okb'´gukd uJ&h UJ jypfwifatmif -
xdkYaMumifh tAÇKw&oESifh twl qif;rif;udk pHjyKum
]]tqmus,fvS ½Sifbk&ifrBuD;u..........}}
Q
uREyfk w f v Ykd nf; onf;cHpw d u f kd wwfprG ;f orQ arG;jrLoifah Mumif;? ]]qifrif;ocif xdyfacgifwif}}
jyóem taMumif;&if;udk odatmif qifjcif pl;prf;oifhaMumif; ]]q'éfbkef;<u,f}}
todjrifymG ; oifcef;pm ,lryd gonf/ ponfh pum;y&d,m,frsm; a00kpo f ;kH um rsuEf mS vkyf ajymqdyk rkH sm;
pum;ajywGif tcspBf u;D ? trsuBf u;D ? &ifurGJ ;D oifu h m jzifh wifqufxm;onf/
b0qHk;ol okb'´grdzk&m;\ tjzpftysufrSmvnf; oifcef;pm txl;ojzifh tjypfvw G af tmif vSnyhf wfwwfyu kH kd -
,lzG,fyif/ tpG,fudk udk,fwdkifvuf0,f ydkufrdcgwGifvnf; ]]tpG,fudkvdkol rdzk&m;? toGm;tapcdkif;ol
0rf;rajrmufEikd /f twdwb f 0 i,faygi;f oHa,mZOfa[mif;wdu Yk kd rif;{u&mZf? av;ypfol bk&m;uRefawmf? BuHazmfBuHzuf
atmufarhqifjcifum ylyifv,fa0'emjzifh &ifueGJ mus toufq;kH oHk;a,mufom;teufwGifrS uHuGufusm;í ...}}
&yHrk mS u½kPmouf oem;zG,f jzpf&avonf/ paom EIwfpum;trlt&mwGif jrifEdkifonf/ toufab;
xdkYjyifraumif;rI tukodkvfrD;onf umodrif;odkYyg BuHKonfhtcg udk,fvGwf½kef; wwfMuonfh vlYobm0udkvnf;
ul;puf avmifuRrf;&onf/ aomEkwå&vnf; rkqkd;aywvl jrif&onf/
tacgux f o l l uHBu;D xdu k f tjypfusL;ol jzpfc&hJ onf/ rkq;kd udk qifrif;u tpG,jf zwf,cl iG hf ay;vdu
k o
f nfwiG f
trk e f ; rD ; [l o nf vuf c H a rG ; jrLxm;ol t ygt0if rdrdtvdkjynfhí 0rf;ajrmufvSonfh ol,kwfolrdkuf trlt&mudk
ywf0ef;usif qufpyfol tm;vH;k \ tusKd ;udk qkw, f w k f ysupf ;D ap xif½mS ;aponfh tzJUG rmS -
wwfygwum;[k oifcef;pm,lzG,f jzpf&ygonf/ tcsnf;ESD; ]]olESifhqifrif; &efzufcsif;uJhodkY csufcsif;x<u ursm;
tusK;d rJo h nfh ed*;kH vm;&modo Yk m qdu k af paMumif; odjrif&ygonf/ uwnfhí vTBuD;udk udkifvsuf jzwfrnf[k wuf......}}
þwGifvnf; rdzk&m;udk tvdkvdkuf tBudKufydkol umodrif;\ [lí jzpfonf/ aus;Zl;½Sif qifrif;tay: &ufpufzYkd 0efrav;/
qifjcifÚmPfenf;aom p½dkufaMumifh raumif;rIudk r[efYwm; tajymif;tvJ jrefveG ;f onfh tjyKtrlyif/
Edik cf jhJ yefaMumif; awGUEikd yf gao;onf/ OD ; yk n onf ol a wmf a umif ; qif r if ; ud k r l csD ; usL;
aomEkw&å rkq;kd ESihf q'éq f ifrif; pum;ajyt& &otod av;pm;zG , f & m trT r f ; wif a&;zG J U y gonf / pum;ajywG i f
tjrif oifcef;pmwdkYudk þodkYvQif yGm;rsm; cH,lrdygownf;/ / bk & m;avmif ; qif r if ; onf av;pm; tm;us twk , l z G , f
Zmwfaqmif jzpfonf/ vkyBf uv H mol rkq;kd udk tvsipf vdk tjypfay;
owfjzwfjcif; rjyKbJ taMumif;&if; pl;prf;cJyh u kH -kd
aomEkwå&rkqdk;ESifh q'éfqifrif;pum;ajyrS vlYobm0tzGJUrsm; - odrYk [kwf ]].......b,ftusKd;xl; aus;Zl;BuD;rm; oifüyGm;rnf
ZmwfaqmifwdkY\ tjyKtrl? ajympum;ESifh pdwfxm;wdkYudk a&;zJGUyHk aMumifh ightm; oif owf&ufoenf;}}
þpum;ajyonf ukef;abmifacwfpmqdk OD;ykn\ [kaom tar;pum;jzifh zJUG onf/ trsuaf 'goudk odr;f qnf;jcif;?
q'éq f ifrif; 0w¬KrS aumufEw k cf sujf zpfygonf/ pum;ajywGif taMumif;tusKd;udk pdppfjcif; paom olawmfaumif; p½dkuf
ol,kwfrmudk ½Iwfcsum olawmfaumif;wdkY\ pdwfoabmxm; vu©Pmudk xif½mS ;aponf/
tjyKtrlwu Ykd kd ESpo f ufvufcaH pvdo k nfh apwemjzifh Zmwfaqmif
taMumif;&if; odpOfwiG v f nf; tjypfr,l cGiv hf wT u
f m
wd\Yk tjyKtrl? ajympum;ESiphf w d x f m;wdu Yk kd jc,freI ;f xm; (ygonf/
nSmwmoem;onfh pdwx f m;udk -
)^&m vlYobm0tzJUG rsm; jzpfvmygonf/
]a½Tudk,fawmfyGm; &ifESpfom;uJhodkY}
þpum;ajywGif aomEkwå&rkqdk;onf qifrif;udk [k Oyrmay;um zJUG xm;onf/
vkyBf uo H l vlru kd of , l w
k f jzpfonf/ rkq;kd \ajympum;? tjyKtrl
tpG,uf kd rkq;kd u rñSmrwm &ufpufpmG wku d jf zwfpOf
tzJUG wwYkd iG f xdpk w d x f m; p½du k w f u Ykd kd -
rSmvnf; jyif;pGmaom a0'emudk ynmjzifh odr;f qnf; onf;cHyu kH kd
]]vltdkrkqdk; uRefawmfrsKd;um;.......}}
zJUG xm;&m olawmfaumif; tjyKtrl ay:viG af ponf/ xdaYk emufrq k ;kd
[k tpcsaD jymqdyk ?kH okb'´gukd uJ&h UJ jypfwifatmif -
wdu k jf zwfí rjywfonfph ,G af wmfjrwfukd ud,
k w
f ikd f wdu
k jf zwfvLS &ef
]]tqmus,fvS ½Sifbk&ifrBuD;u..........}}
qHk;jzwfyHkudk-
ponfjzifh ñTe;f qdyk ?kH pGr;f yum; Bu;D rm;olqifrif;udrk l -
]]ightpG,fjrwf ½dk;awmf"mwfudk ig jzwfívSLawmhrnf}} aomEkw&å rkq;kd ESihf q'éq
f ifrif; pum;ajyrS tvuFmrsm;
P127
[laom EIwaf jymtrlt&mjzifh zGUJonf/ xdjYkyifrq k ;kd tjyef c&D;vrf;yef; 4/ uHuu G u f sm;(0uF0w k )då (.oHk;a,mufom;teufwGifrS -- --í irdkufom; rkqdk;)
acsmarGUap&ef ab;&efuif; tpDtrHrsm; jyKvkyfay;yHkjzifhvnf; ]]aomEkwå&rkqdk;ESifh q'éfqifrif;}}pum;ajywGif
arwåmw&m; Bu;D rm;ol jzpfyw kH u
Ykd kd xif½mS ; apygonf/ qifrif;xH vSnfYywfavQmufwifaeol rkqdk;\ pum;tjzpf
oH;k xm;ygonf/
qif r if ; ud k raumif ; BuH o l ? vif u mod r if ; tay:
raumif;Buo H l oH;k OD;teuf rdru d o kd m tjypfusa&muf
qd;k EJUG tEdik ,
f o
l l rdz&k m;okb'´g\p½du k uf kd OD;yknu rkq;kd \ tajym í[k wkduf½dkufrqdkbJ ]]uHuGufusm;}}[k oG,f0dkufzJGUqdkxm;
pum;rsm;jzifh azmfusL;wifjyyHrk mS - aomaMumifh.../
]]tqmus,fvS ½Sifbk&ifrBuD;u ....}} 5/ aiGawmifBu;D t[ef(Oyrm)(q'éfrif;jrwf uRefawmftm; owfvQifvnf;
]]olYcspfvif\ &ifcGifMum;rSm acgif;xm;í taomh rvGwfEdkif&m.)
id k y ga&mh } } ]].....}}wGif rdrdtwGuf oufñSmrI&atmif vSñfhywf
[líjzpfonf/ okb'´gonf rdrdtBuH atmifNyD; qifrif;\ avQmufwifol rkq;kd \ pum;wGif qifrif;udk &nfñTef;vsuf
tpG,fpHkudk vuf0,f &onfhtcgwGifrSmyif 0rf;romEdkif½Sm/ oHk;xm;../
aemif w &onf / tcspf B uD ; í trsuf B uD ; cJ h o l \ p½d k u f u d k jzLazG;jrifhrm;aom toGif½SdyHk*kPf&nfcsif;wlMuonfh
ay:viG af paomtzGUJ rmS - q'éq f ifrif;(tEdiI ;f cH)ud k aiGawmifBu;D \(tEdiI ;f )ESES i f h cdik ;f EIid ;f ...../
6/ vlrvdrm® uRerf pd äm (½lyu)(.vTwfawmfrlvQifvnf;-onf csrf;om&m &.)
]]...u,ku,if cspfwHkUwifvsuf? usifusifvnfvnf
]]....}} wGif oufñmS rI&atmif qifrif;xH vSnyhf wf
aysmfcJhzl;onfrsm;udk BuHpnfaphaph wpdrfhpdrfh avQmufwifol rkqdk;\ pum;wGif rdrdudk,frdrd &nfñTef;&mü
atmuf a rh í ........}} oH;k xm;ygonf/
[líjzpfonf/ ed r f h u saomtod Ó mPf a Mumif h trS m ;jyKwwf y H k
rd z k & m;tay: tvd k v d k u f tcspf t Bud K uf y d k o l *kPf&nfwltjzpf rvdr®molvlrkqdk;(tEdIif;cH)ES i f h t,lrSm;ol
vif a ,muf s m;om; umod r if ; BuD ; \ wnf M unf r I r J h a om uRe(f tEdiI ;f )wd wd k Y u d k xyfwjl yKxm;.................../
o½kyuf v
kd nf; - 7/ b0yg&*l(0uF0w k )då (.avmuwå&--eD;pyfawmfrlaomaMumifh &efolyk*d¾Kvf)
]][dkvlBuD;u ysm,D;ysm,m bZmta&; rawG; ..... wG i f tjypf u sL;ol rk q d k ; tay: Munf j zL
cGivhf wT Ef ikd pf rG ;f onfh qifrif;\ *kPfud u dk pmqdu k azmfusL;&mü
rajrmf ...}}
oH;k xm;ygonf/
[laomtzGUJ jzifh xif½mS ;aponf/ bk&m;avmif;(jrwfpGmbk&m;)[k wkduf½dkufra&;bJ
þpum;ajywGif a&;zJGUxm;onfh ZmwfaqmifwdkY\ ]]b0yg&*l ( jzpf y suf w &m;wk d Y u d k yd k i f ; jcm;od j rif NyD ; ajrmuf
tjyKtrl ajympum;ESifh pdwfxm;wdkYrSm vlYobm0 jzpfwwf? atmifjrifol)}}[k.........................../
ysuf w wf ? ½d S w wf a om p½d k u f w d k Y y if jzpf a Mumif ; avh v m 8/ &if E S p f o m;uJ h o d k U (Oyrm) (---oem;pH H k r uf touf u d k
ajzqdktyfygownf;/ / csrf;omay;awmfrlNyD;vQif...)
]]....}} wGif av;ypfol rkq;kd tay: qifrif;u cGiv hf wT f
arwåmxm;yHkudk pmqdku azmfnTef;&mü oHk;xm;ygonf/
cspf? ½Tif? oem; qifrif;u rkq;kd tay: arwåmxm;y(kH tEdiI ;f cH)ud k rdbu
wnfMum;? Murf;MuKwf om;orD; tay:arwåmxm;yH(k tEIid ;f )ESESifh tjypfr,l u½kPmxm;yHk
pufqkyf? aMumuf½GHUY *kP&f nfwt l jzpf../
&J0H?h tHhMo
9/ oufrQ (Oyrm) (ig\ oufrQ plVokb'´g &wema&mifcsdwf bJGUa½TvdyfESifh)
aem e0t&om udk;yg;vm/
od*Fg [ó u½kPmESifh
]] ..}}wGif rdzk&m;okb'´gudk &nfñTef;olqifrif;\
oEÅ ½k'´ 0dbpä [k pum;tjzpf..../
b,m 0D& tAÇKw? e0 t&om / wefzdk;xm;cspfcif&yHk *kPf&nfcsif;wlaom touf
(tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf rdz&k m;okb'´g(tEIid ;f )wdu Yk kd cdik ;f EdiI ;f a&;zJUGxm;aomaMumifh
OyrmtvuFm ajrmufygonf/
10/ avmifpm&ef &efNidK;(½lyu)( ..oHo&m jzpfwdkif;rSmyif avmifpm&efNidK; rD;qufí a&xGufusvmyHk(tEdIi;)ES f; )ESi f h ckdif;......................../
ysKd;rnf...) 17/ aoG;acsmif;(½lyu)( ..tmcHwGif;rS aoG;acsmif;usvsuf 'ku©a0'em BuD;pGm
]].....}} wGif rdz&k m;okb'´g tvdu k s tpG,jf zwf,cl iG jhf yKpOf jzpf...)
rdzk&m;\ trsufrmefudk &nfñTef;ol qifrif;\ pum;wGif ..... wGif qifrif;\ tmcHwGif; vT'Pf&mjyif;um
oH;k xm;ygonf/ aoG;xGuf rsm;jym;vGe;f yHu k kd pmqdu k azmfneT ;f &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/
qd k ; usd K ;jyK zsuf q D ; wwf y H k *k P f & nf w l t jzpf tqufrjywf 'va[mpD;usvmyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf
avmifpm(tEIdif;)ESifh &ef N id L ;(tEd I i f ; cH ) wkdYudk tEdIif;xyfwl aoG;(tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf acsmif;a&(tEdiI ;f )wku Yd kd xyfwjl yKa&;zJUG xm;......../
jyKxm;aomaMumifh ½lyu............./ 18/ aoG;acsmif;us (twdo, )
11/ rD;qufí ysK;d (0uF0w k )då ..... wGif qifrif;\ tmcHwGif; vT'Pf&mjyif;um
( txufutwdik ;f ) aoG;xGuf rsm;jym;vGe;f yHu k kd pmqdu k azmfneT ;f &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/
trke;f w&m; &efNiKd ;wdu Yk kd qufvuf arG;jrLayawmhrnf qif r if ; \ tmcH w G i f ; rS aoG ; rsm;pD ; xG u f u srI
[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ .............................................../ rsm;jym;onfudk omrefrQ rqdkbJ ]]......}}[k tvG e f t MuL;
12/ rkq;kd aywvl tacgux f (l 0uF0w k )då (olESifhqifrif; &efzufcsif;uJhodkY a&;zGJUxm;aomaMumifh..../
csufcsif;x<uG) 19/ oH;k wdu k v f ;kH ewf(0uF0w k )åd
... wG i f qif r if ; tay: &uf p uf a om rk q d k ; \ ... wGif tpG,af wmfukd tjzwfc&H pOf jyif;xefaom
oabmxm;udk pmqku d azmfñeT ;f &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/ a0'emudk onf;cHawmfro l nhf qifrif;udk &nfneT ;f um ............/
aus;Zl;w&m;ESifh tMuifemw&m;r½Sd todÚmPfrJhol bk & m;avmif ; q'´ e f q if r if ; [k wd k u f ½ k d u f r qd k b J
vlayvlnpf rkq;kd [k wku d ½f u kd rf qdb k J ]].....}}[k ..... / ]]oH;k wdu k v f ;kH ewf}}[k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm;aomaMumif.h ../
13/ &efbufcsi;f uJo h Ykd (Oyrm) 20/ usLaiGw;Hk tvm; (Oyrm) (.jzwfí vSLawmhrnf/ .udk oifum; udkif<uG
(.txufutwdik ;f ) csDyifhr)
rk q d k ; \tjyKtrl ( tEd I i f ; cH )ud k &ef b uf j zpf o l c sif ; .......wGif rdrdESmarmif;\ toGifudk &nfñTef;um
raxmufrxm; jyKy(kH tEdiI ;f )ESESifh riJrh ñSmjyKusiw hf wfykH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf csyD ifrh ay;&ef apcdik ;f onfh qifrif;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
ckdif;EdIif;xm;..../ ESmarmif;zsm;(tEIid ;f cH)udk usLwHzsm;rS aiGw;Hk (tEdiI ;f )ESihf
14/ rkq;dk npfax; irdu k af cG;(½lyu)(..vnf; av;pGefawmifESifh tmaygifudkvSef..) jzLazG;oefpY ifykH *kP&f nfwtljzpf cdik ;f EIid ;f xm;aomaMumifh ...../
]]....}} wGif aus;Zl;ocif qifrif;tay: riJhuGufbJ 21/ a½TawmifBu;D NyKd ouJo h Ykd (Oyrm)(pG,fawmfjrwf tpHkonf edwHka&mifpdk--
tpG,f jzwf&ufol rkq;kd \ oabmxm;udk pmqkdu azmfñTef;&m jywfwdkwHk;.)
wGif............./ ...... wGif qifrif;\tpG,pf kH ajrjyifoYkd jywfus qH;k ½I;H &yHu k kd
,kwfnHhedrfhusyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf aomEkwå&rkqdk; pmqdku azmfusL;&mü oHk;xm;ygonf/
(tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf acG;rdu k (f tEdiI ;f )wku Yd kd tEdiI ;f xyfwjl yKxm;aomaMumifh tpG,pf kH ajrodjYk ywfusy(kH tEdiI ;f cH)udk a½TawmifBu;D NyKd usykH
....................../ (tEdiI ;f )ESihf ESajrmwozG,f epfem qHk;½IH;&ykH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf../
15/ av;pGeaf wmif(½lyu) 22/ Akef;Akef; ajrodkUus jrnfoHpGJ
...wGif qifrif;udk rkqdk;u av;udkif; vufeufjzifh ....................... (..txufuwkdif; )
rnSmrwm jyK[efukd pmqku d azmfusL;&mü oH;k xm;ygonf/ tpG,pf kH ajrodu Yk s&mrS xGuaf y:onfh jrnfo]H ]Ake;f Ake;f }./
jyefYum;½Snfvsm;onfhtoGif *kPf&nfcsif;wlonfh 23/ aiGawmifBu;D toGi(f Oyrm) (awma[rmacsmif tkdifomacgifwGif?...cifrviffudk)
av;udik ;f (tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf pGeif u S t f awmify(H tEdiI ;f )wdu Yk kd xyfwjl yK ..... wGif rkq;kd rSwpfqifh okb'´gxH qifrif;u trSmpum;
xm;.........................../ yg;&mü rdru d , kd u f kd &nfneT ;f onfh qifrif;\pum;tjzpf....../
16/ uefusKd ;ívmouJo h Ykd (Oyrm)(..jzwfwdkuf OD;aESmufodkY cdkufvkatmif jzKazG;jrifrh m;umESpv G ½f ydS kH *kP&f nfwtj
f zkd , l jzpf qifrif;\
t
aygufvGwf..) toG i f ( tEd I i f ; cH ) ud k aiG a wmif B uD ; \ tqif ; (tEI d i f ; )ES i f h
.... wGif rkq;kd \ vTcsuaf Mumifh qifrif;\ tmcHwiG ;f ü cdkif;EdIif;xm;....................../
'Pf&mjyif;pGm jzpf&yHu k kd pmqdku azmfnTef;&mü oHk;xm;ygonf/ 24/ a½Tbo kH rl eS u f (l 0uF0w k )då ( þpG,fpHkudk a½TbHkolrSeful oHk;&ufawmfrlao;vQif
twm;tqD;rJh 'va[mpD;xGufyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf &efol\)
vT ' Pf & mrS aoG ; pD ; usyH k ( tEd I i f ; cH ) ud k uef a ygif u sd K ;um
...... wGif rkq;kd rSwpfqifh okb'´g rdz&k m;xH qifrif;u oH;k xm;ygonf/
P129
trS m pum; yg;pOf rd z k & m;ud k &nf n T e f ; onf h pum;tjzpf Munf v if 0 if ; yat;csrf ; aomoabm½S d y H k
oH;k xm;ygonf/ *k P f & nf w l t jzpf rd z k & m;\rsuf E S m oG i f j yif ( tEd I i f ; cH ) ES i f h
a½TbHkpH cspfcifjrwfEdk;tyfol rdzk&m;[k wdkuf½dkuf vjynf0h ef;(tEdiI ;f )wku Yd kd xyfwjl yK........./
rqdkbJ.............................../ 32/ r,m;a[mif;vufeuf (0uF0w k )då
25/ rke;f yif(½lyu) ( rkef;yifpdkufysKd; ajycsdefwdkifírS rajyEdkif tNidK;BuD;NidK;wwfonfh..) ... wG i f ...ok b '´ g rd z k & m;\ tpD t rH j zif h
..... wG i f ok b '´ g rd z k & m;\ trk e f ; w&m;ud k qifrif;toufq;kH &yHu k kd pmqku d azmfñeT ;f &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/
&nfñeT ;f ajymqdo k nfh qifrif;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ b0a[mif ; u r,m;jzpf c J h o l ok b '´ g rd z k & m;\
½SifoefyGm;rsm;wwfyHk *kPf&nfwtjzpf lt jzpf trkef;pdwf appm;owfjzwfrKS [k wku d ½f ukd rf qdb k J ]]....}}[k oG,0f u kd zf UGJ qxkd m;
(tEIdif;cH)ESifh opfyif (tEIdif;)wdkYudkf xyfwljyKxm;aomaMumifh aomaMumifh............/
½lyu......................./ 33/ rkq;kd vlysuf zkwo f buf (½lyu)
26/ rke;f yifpu kd yf sKd ; (0uF0w k )då ... wGif pufqyk zf , G tf rltusi½hf o dS l rkq;kd udk pmqdu k
( txufu twdik ;f ) azmfneT ;f onfh pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf /
rdzk&m;\&ifxJwGif trkef;pdwf arG;jrKxm;onf[k aMumuf½UHGpufqyk zf , G ½f ydS kH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf rkq;kd vlysuf
wkduf½dkuf............................/ (tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf zkwo f buf(tEdiI ;f )wdUk ukd xyfwjl yKa&;zJUG xm;......./
27/ rkq;kd wpfyikd ;f rde;f r½kid ;f (½lyu) 34/ a½Tvnf½u GJ ohJ Ukd (Oyrm)
..... wGif &ufpufaom oabm½So d nfh rdz&k m;okb'´gukd ....wGif qifrif;ESihf qifrdzk&m; m;wdUkd arwåmoHa,mZOf
&nfñeT ;f ajymqdo k nfY qifrif;\pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ xm;yHkudk pmqdu k azmfusL;&mwGif oHk;xm;ygonf/
tMuifemuif;rJph mG &ufpuf ½dik ;f pdik ;f aom oabm½Syd kH tcsif ; csif ; rcJ G r cG m jrwf E d k ; yH k ( tEd I i f ; cH ) ud k
*kP&f nfwt l jzpf rkq;kd (tEIid ;f )ESihf rde;f r½dik ;f okb'´g(tEIid ;f cH )wdu Yk kd a½Tvnf½&GJ wemtay: wefz;kd xm;jrwfE;kd yH(k tEdiI ;f )ESihf tjrwfwEd;k
xyfwjl yK.../ wefz;kd xm;yHk *kP&f nfwt l jzpf../
28/ opfa,mif;cufcsKd ;ouJo h Ykd (Oyrm) 35/ e&PDcikd f tifMuif;NrKd if (½lyu)
.... wG i f &uf p uf o l rd z k & m;ok b '´ g ud k &nf ñ T e f ; ......wGif qifrif;ESihf arGUavsmcf &hJ m twdwb f 0 0ef;usiu f kd
ajymqdo k nfY qifrif;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ owd & vG r f ; wrd o nf h rd z k & m;ok b '´ g \ o½k y f u d k pmqd k u
twdwb f 0oHa,mZOfukd tvG,w f ul jzwfawmufEikd yf kH az:ñTef;&mü..................../
(tEdIif;cH)ud k opfcufajcmufudk cGeftm;jyKp&mrvdk vG,fulpGm ES p f o uf o m,mzG , f a om tqif ; ta&mif ½ S d y H k
jzwfcsKd ;Edik yf (kH tEdiI ;f )ESESifh axmufxm;tm;jyK[efryhJ kH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf *kPf&nfwltjzpf e&PDa½Tcdkif(tEIdif;)ESifh tifMuif;awmNrdKif
cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;aomaMumifh OyrmtvuFmajrmufygonf / (tEIid ;f cH)wdUk ukd xyfwjl yK......./
29/ cspfBudK; (½lyu ) 36/ jrpdkifyanmif (½lyu)
.... wGif rdz&k m;ESirhf rd w d Ukd wG,af ESmifcohJ nfh oHa,mZOfukd ...wGif qifrif;ESihf arGUavsmcf &hJ m twdwb f 0 0ef;usiu f kd
&nfñeT ;f ajymqdo k nfh qifrif;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ owd& vGr;f wrdonfh rdz&k m;okb'´g\ o½kyu f kd pmqdu k azmfneT ;f .../
qufo, G af ESmifzUJGwwfaomoabm½Syd kH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf wcJeufprd ;f pdak om ta&miftaoG;½Syd kH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf
cspfarwåm(tEdIif;cH)ESifh BudK;(tEdIif;)wdkUudk xyfwljyKa&;zJGUxm; jrausmufpikd cf (J tEdiI ;f )ESihf yanmifyif(tEdiI ;f cH)wdUkukd xyfwjl yKxm;..../
aomaMumifh....................../ 37/ ylpudk iifrd (0uF0w k )då
30/ cspMf uKd ;jzwfajz (0uF0w k )då ... wG i f twd w f b 0ud k owd & um aomu0if
..... wGif &ufpufol rdzk&m;okb'´gudk &nfñTef; aMuuJGrdonfh rdzk&m;okb'´g\ o½kyfudk pmqdku azmfnTef;&mü
ajymqdo k nfh qifrif;\ pum;tjzpf../ oH;k xm;ygonf/
cspaf rwåmoHa,mZOfukd ypfy,f&pfon[ f k wdu
k ½f u
dk f ylaqG;aomu a&mufz, G f taMumif;wdUkukd tm½kHa&muf
rqdkbJ ]].....}}[k................... / rd o nf[k wdu k ½f u dk rf qdb k J ]]ylpudik ifr}d }[k ................./
31/ rsufESmaiGv (½lyu ) 38/ ylyifv,fa& (½lyu)
..... wGif eef;aqmiftwGi;f at;csr;f pGm pHaysmaf eonfh ..................... ( txufutwdkif; )
rd z k & m;ok b '´ g ud k &nf ñ T e f ; onf h qif r if ; \ pum;tjzpf twd k i f ; tqyrmP BuD ; rm;yH k *k P f & nf w l t jzpf
tylaomu (tEdiI ;f cH)ESifh yifv,fa&(tEIid ;f )wd wdkUudk xyfwjl yK .../ rDw
S if;aexdik &f ef udk odMum;ewfu pDrHvSL'gef; avonf/
39/ vdSKif;abmifbifa0 jrnfoHpJG (13) pBuF H / / w&m;&dyo f mwdik ;f wGif acguwf YkH acgujf yef
.................. ( txufutwdik ;f ) avQmuf&efae&m rsm;udk pDrHay;xm;Muygonf/
vS d K if ; wH y d k ; ½k d u f c wf & mrS xG u f a y:onf h jrnf o H (14) jrL;xl; / / jrefrmabmvH;k toif;u tEdik *f ;kd uefoiG ;f
]abmifbif}........../ vduk &f m y&dowftaygi;f rSm 0rf;ajrmufvo S jzifh ukeMf uygonf/
40/ usrsuf&nf acsmif;jzpf twdo,0kwåd (15) qdwq f w d f / / atmf[pfqyk al eol uav;i,fukd
............................................ aeatmif xde;f &onfrmS rvG,yf g/
onf;xefpmG idak <u;yHu k kd omrefrQ rzJUG bJ usrsuf&nf (17) aomu / / onf;cH a&mifh&Jum at;at;csrf;csrf;
acsmif;jzpf atmif[k tvGet f MuL; ................/ aewwfonfEiS t hf rQ uif;a0;ayrnf/ ( a&mifh&J )
41/ Am&mrif;vnfqJG (0uF0kwåd) (18) rdk;aomuf / / eHeuf onfESifh t½kPfqGrf;
................... ( txufutwdik ;f ) avmif;vSLEdik &f ef jyifMuavonf/
Am&mPoDumodrif;\ rdzk&m; okb'´g[k wdkuf½kduf (19) ysm,D;ysm,m / / ta&;ay: udp&ö yfyif jzpfaomfvnf;
rqdbk J Am&mrif;vnfqJG [k oG,0f u kd f a&;zJUG xm;aom ................./ rjyKbJ csihfcsifh csdefcsdef aqmif½Gufoiifhygonf /
( uAsmtvuFmrsm; pkpnf;csufudk pm- 168 wGif wpfaygif;wnf;avhvmEdkifonf/ ) (20) y&d,m,f / / okb'´gonf qifrif;tay: raumif;
toHk;wGifqJ acwfoHk; a0g[m&rsm; 0guszJGUavhusifhcef; Buo H nfukd trSefudkrqdkbJ pum;a00kpfjzifh jyqdkcJhavonf/
( odCFolUorD;? rS aomEkwå&rkqdk;ESifh q'éfqifrif;xd (taMumif;trsdK;rsdK;)
0guszJGUavhusifhcef;rsm; pkpnf;csuf q&mazmf*sD\ aA'gvrf;onf teuf toG,foG,f y&d,m,f
<u,fonfh uAsmtjzpf xif½Sm;avonf/
(1) aus;Zl;/ / ynmqnf;yl;jcif;jzifh taumif; tqd;k udk (21) &rf;a&mf/ / ta0;a&mufom;i,fonf arG;aeYeHeufwGif
a0zef ydik ;f jcmEdik pf rG ;f onfh udk &½SdEdkifygonf/ þt&yfwGif rdcif½Sdrnf[k um OD;csuefawmhaeavonf/
(2) oDwif;oH;k / / tcsKd Uaom&[ef;wdUk rmS vlol uif;a0;&m (22) a½S;½Sk / / ,ckESpfwGif uREkfyfonf pmar;yG J B uD ;
awmausmif;üom toufxufq;kH avh½SdMuygonf/ atmifjrif a&;udkom í tm;oefBudK;pm;cJhavonf/
(3) tmEkabmf/ /wwd,jrefrmEdik if aH wmfukd jyefvnfxal xmif ( wl½l r[kwf )
cJo
h nfh tavmif;rif;w&m;\ udk *kPjf yKtyfayonf/ (23) vwfwavmcsi;f // obm0ab;u,fq,fa&;vkyif ef;udk
(4) &r®u/f / tm½Hk ig;yg;udk wyfrufaeonfESifhtrQ qdkif;ihHrIr½Sd aqmif½u
G &f ygonf/
vdtk if wduYk kd ajzazsmufEikd rf nf r[kwaf y/ (24) &ifuJGem / / ok0Pomr av;'Pfoifh&onfwGif
(5) t0Dp/d /ajzmifhrwfjcif; r½SdolonfatmufqHk;xyf rdbESpyf g;wd&Yk if0,f jzpf&rwwf ylaqG;&avonf/
i&Jjzpfonfh odUk usa&muf&ayvdrfhrnf/ (25) yZm / / ta&;aMumifh c&D;onf tcsif;csif;
(6) onf;cH/ / vpmenf;0efxrf;i,fwrYkd mS t&m&mwGif vk,uf wGe;f xd;k aeMuoenf;/
íom aexkid pf m;aomuf& avonf/ (26) wefvif; / / olBuD;\ tdrfa½SY ajr ü uav;rsm;
(7) cRef;/ / qifudk vdk&modkU apcdkif;&mü jzifh csw d f xkyqf ;D wd;k upm;aeMuonf/
ayguf xde;f ausmif;&avh ½Syd gonf/ (27) okomef / / okb&mZmBuD;onf . teD;rSmyif
(8) aMu;rH/k / Anm;EJUG onf jyifwiG f rdr½d yk o
f iG u
f kd wapä raMumuf? o&JraMumuf aexdkifpm;aomufavonf/
jrifavwdik ;f ezl;u trm½Gwu f pkd rf;um rausreyf jzpf&avonf/ (28) wpjyif / / o&J ? wapä aMumufwwfol EkEkonf
(9) BuHK;0g;/ / jrefrm abmvH;k toif;\ atmifyJGaMumifh okomef teD;tyg;odkY rcsOf;uyf&Jaacs/
]] jrefrma[h }}[k tm;yg;w& Edik af yNy/D (29) yg&*l / / ynm&yfwpfckudk tvH k ; pH k wwfajrmuf
(10) tm;oef/ / jrefrmpm*kPx f ;l udk &nfreS ;f um rqkwrf epf em;vnfvQif jzpfayNyD/ ( tvHk;pHk )
BudK;pm; ukef\/ 0guszJGU avhusifhcef;udk pm 147 wGif qufvuf avhvmyg/
(11) Oykoaf eY/ / Ak'b ¨ mom0ifwUkd onf vjynfh vuG,&f uf
ponfh wdw Yk iG f oDv aqmufwnfrIS txl;jyK avh½o dS nf/
(12) ocFr;f / / w&m;usif h r nf h a 0óEÅ & m rif ; BuD ;
udkvdkeDacwfpum;ajy
(7) ynmoifcg r½Suf&m usrf;pum;ajy v,fwDy@dwOD;armifBuD;\ pmPuseDwdusrf;rS xkwfEkwfcsuf
v,fwDy@dwOD;armifBuD;
c&pfESpf 1879? rHk½Gmc½dkif? acsmif;OD;NrdKUteD;? anmifjzLyif½Gmü zGm;/ i,frnfarmifoefYpif/ v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;xH ynmqnf;yl;?
&[ef;cH/ ½Sify@dw/ v,fwDwdkufrS vmonfudk tpGJjyKí v,fwD[kwGif/ vl0wfvJNyD;aemuf pmayrsm;jyKpk&m v,fwDy@dwOD;armifBuD;[k
ausmfapm/
xdak cwf pme,fZif;rsm;ü t,f'w D mvkycf /hJ '*Hrk *¾Zif;wGif t,f'w
D mcsKyv
f yk pf Of acgi;f Bu;D ydik ;f rsm;ü trsK;d om;a&;? vGwv f yfa&;? pD;yGm;a&;?
vlraI &; tjzmjzmrsm;udk a0zefwifjya&;om;cJ/h
usr;f rsm;? 0w¬K½nS rf sm;? bmomjyefrsm;? tbd"r®musr;f Bu;D rsm;? jrefrm&mZ0if oHcyd Ef iS hf &mZ0if0w¬Krsm;? edó,usr;f Bu;D rsm;jyKpck o hJ nf/
xdkpmayrsm;jyKpkjcif;aMumifh &efukefwuúodkvfu *kPfxl;aqmif r[m0dZÆmbGJU ay;tyfcJhonf/ (pmPuseDwd? eDwdrÍÆ&D? eDwdrmvmusrf;?rsm;/
cifcifBuD;? oef;oef; paom0w¬K½SnfBuD;rsm;/ ax&Dax&m bmomjyefrsm;? y&rw¬oHcdyf#Dum paom tbd"r®musrf;rsm;/ jrefrm&mZ0ifoHcdyfESifh
&mZ0if0w¬Krsm;/ vuFmedó,? qef;edó, paomedó,usrf;BuD;rsm;/ aygif; = 500 ausmf/ )
ocifu, kd af wmfriId ;f ESihf &if;ES;D cspcf ifojl zpf/ (]wyifa½TxD;} ]ewf½Sifaemif} paom) &mZ0if0w¬KBuD;rsm; a&;í jrefrmh,Ofaus;rIEiS hf
jrefrmhZmwdaoG;? ZmwdrmefwUkd ½Sio f efE;kd Mum;atmif vIUHaqmfa&;om;cJ/h 1939 uG,v f eG /f þpum;ajywGif ynmoif½, G v Ykd m; ynmoif&mwGif
f il ,fwt
vdkufemaqmif½GufoifhonfwdkYudk qdkxHk;? pum;yHk? O'g[½kPfrsm;jzifh todynmay;xm;jcif;onf pma&;ol\ apwem&nf½G,fcsuf/
pum;ajy\ vd&k if;tcsurf sm; P

- ynm qdo
k nfrmS t½Sut
f aMuufrhJ qnf;yl;Edik rf S wwfajrmufv,
G o
f nf/
(ynm½SmpOf t½SuftaMumufudk y,f&mü ]ynm½Sm yrmolawmif;pm;} pum;yHknTef;qdkonfhtwdkif; olawmif;pm;wdkY rnfolYxHrS
rqdk rsufESmatmufcsum enf;rsm;rqdk pkaqmif; awmif;cH &,l odrf;qnf;ouJhodkY usifhaqmifoifhonf/)
- oifMum;onfyh *k Kd¾ v\f *kPt
f edrt
hf jrifh (t,kw?f tvwf? toufBu;D i,f...)udk ynm&Smpmoifom;u EDiI ;f qaeí tusK;d
r½Sd/
(ysm;zGyo
f rm;onf Muufqyl if½dS ysm;tHrk jS zpfap? wrmyif½dS ysm;tHrk jS zpfap ysm;&nf&zdo
Yk m vd&k if;xm;onf/ ysm;&nfreS v
f Qif csKd pNro
J m/
þ O'g[½kPf oabmudk enf;,lí twwfynm&cGifh ½SdorQ qnf;yl;&efjzpfonf/)
- oifMum;olq&mtay: ½dak oav;jrwfr(I *g&0w&m;)ESihf rdru
d ,
kd rf rd d ESrd chf squfqw
H wfr(I ed0gww&m;)wdYk xm;½Szd v
Ykd o
kd nf/
(þwGif ]rmefrmeonf ynm\ &efolBuD;}[laom qdkxHk;ESifhtnD rmew&m;udk y,fazsmufEdkifzdkY vGefpGm ta&;BuD;\)
- ynm\ &efoBl u;D rSm rmefrmew&m;yifjzpfonf/ rmefrme cHaevQif pmwwfajrmufzYkd cJ,Of;avonf/
- t½Suf taMumufEiS hf rmefrmexm;jcif;wdt
Yk jyif <um;0gjcif;udv
k nf; a½SmifMuOfzv
Ykd o
kd nf/
( xdkpOf q&mBuD;wdkYacwfwGif 0wfrI? pm;rI ponhftvkyftaqmifwdkYü *kPfwk *kPfNydKif <um;0grIrsm; jzpfyGm;ae&m pdwfrmefjrifhzG,fom
½SdjyD; ynma&;wGif tm½kHavsmhapaMumif;? xdkt&mwdkYonf pmoifom;\ tpGrf;owåd[k rqdkEdkifaMumif;? rdbwdkYuvnf;
aiGuek af Mu;usrsm;rnfu h pd u
ö kd
tm;ray;xdkufaMumif; a0zefxm;ygonf/)
K- ynmoif,pl OfwiG f ud,
k Ef iS phf w
d u
f kd ESrd chf sEikd o
f rQ aemiftcg Bu;D jrifzh &Ykd ef jzpfawmh\/ /
ar;cGef; 4/(u)ar;cGef;wdk twGuf avhvm&ef pHjyKar;cGef;rsm; ( ynmoif&m armifBuD; ½Gm? udkeDpmPus anmifjzL acsmif;OD;u
1/ q&mOD;armifBuD;\ i,frnfudkazmfjyyg/
2/ 4if;\ ta&;tom; El;nHhodrfarGUyHkudk rnfolESifh wlonf[k qdkoenf;/ oefYpif ig;&m *kPfxl; r? ewf½Sif a½TxD; v,fwDrS )
3/ ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;\ oa&mfpmtpGrf;xufyHkudk rnfolESifh (8) rdwqdk;½SifjyK OD;zdk;usm;\ udk,fawGU0w¬Krsm;
EdiI ;f oenf;/
4/ q&mOD ; armif B uD ; \ &mZ0if 0w¬ K ta&;tom;ud k udvk ekd aD cwf
qm0gvwmpaumhESifh wlonf[k rnfolu rSwfcsufcscJhoenf;/ trsK;d om;ynm0ef OD;zd;k usm;
5/ wdkif;jynftusdK;udk pmayjzifh xrf;aqmif&mwGif OD;ESifhyJh vuf0J c&pf E S p f 1891/ [oF m wc½d k i f ed A Á m ef ½ G m /
vuf,mwpfae&mpDu xrf;aqmifcJhol pmqdkESpfOD;udk azmfjyyg/ OD;omoeausmif;/ touf (27)wGif ykord Nf rKd U wdik w f pf&mausmif;rS
t*Fvyd jf refrmq,fwef; atmifc/hJ xdUk aemuf ,k'oefaumvdyüf
6/ udkvdkeDacwf\ txif½Sm;qHk;ESifh acwftrDqHk; r*¾Zif;udk azmfjyyg/
7/ ygVu d AsmtoGm;udk rS;D um rnfonfh uAsmyHpk o ynmqufvufoifc/hJ
H pfukd wDxiG o
f enf;/
8/ 4if;tm; rnfolu &[ef;'g,umcHum &[ef;jyKay;oenf;/ 1920jynfh ausmif;om;oydwBf u;D wGif OD;zd;k usm;onf
9/ ynmoifMum;aomtcg rnfonfudk^wdkYudk y,fazsmuf&rnfenf;/ xif½Sm;aomacgif;aqmifwpfOD;jzpf/ trsKd;om;ynm0eftjzpf
10/ jrefrm½Spv f ;kH zJUG uAsmyHpk o
H pfukd rnfol wDxiG o
f enf;/xufoefpmG aqmif½u G cf o
hJ nf/ rsK;d csppf w d t f &if;cHjzifh acwfjyif
11/ ynm\&efolBuD;udk azmfjyyg/ aqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJ/h acwfrjD refrm&mZ0if tusO;f csKy/f ig;&mh
12/ <um;0gjcif;onf rnfonfukd tm;ay;oenf;/ ig;q,f aumufEw k cf su?f ayg&mP tbd"mef? OD;ykntw¬Kyw Ü då
13/ ed0gww&m; ^ *g&0w&m; qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ (a&onf j yZmwf ed ' gef ; ) ponf w d k Y u d k a&;om;cJ h o nf /
14/ usr;f aygi;f rnfrQ jyKpck o hJ enf;/ a&onfjyZmwfEiS hf 0dZ,jyZmwfwu Ykd kd wnf;jzwfco hJ nf/
OD;zdk;usm;onf udk,fawGU0w¬Krsm;a&;om;&mwGif
ar;cGe;f ½Snaf r;cGe;f a[mif;rsm; pdwfaumif; pdwfjrwfjzpfxGef;apa&;? owådESifh tusifhpm&dwå
1/ ynmoifcgr½Su&f monf ynm½Smenf;vrf;nTepf um;ajyjzpfaMumif; aumif;rGeaf &;wdu Yk kd OD;wnf cJo h nf/ acwfpum;ajy a½SUaqmif
avhvmwifjyyg/ ^wGif rnfov Ykd rf;nTex
f m;oenf;/ wpfOD;/ vG,ful½Sif;vif;aom pum;ajyudk a&;avh½dSonf/
2/ .... wGif ynm½SmazGrIESifh ywfoufí xm;½Sd&rnfh oabmxm;udk yifudk[ef½dS/ zswfvwfoGufvufí pdwf0ifpm;zG,f aumif;/
rnfoYkd vrf;nTex f m;oenf;/ wdwk Ekd iS hf vd&k if;a&mufatmif 'd;k 'd;k a'guaf 'guf a&;Edik /f
3/ vli,frsm; ynm½SmcsdefwGif aqmif½Guf&rnfh tcsufrsm;udk ]rd w qd k ; ½S i f j yKwG i f } ud k v d k e D a cwf a us;½G m rsm;\
ay:viG af tmif wifjyyg/ vlaerItajctae? jrefrmh½dk;&m½SifjyKyGJo½kyfESifh jrefrmwdkY½dk;om;yHk?
4/ ynmoif,lrIqdkif&m tqH;k trrsm;udk rnfoUkd a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/ apwemxufoefyw kH u Ykd kd owdjyKrw S o f m;rdap&ef pmemcHpm;rdap&ef
a&;om;Edik o f nfh pHjyKz, G f pum;ajyta&;tom;udk avhvmEdik o f nf/
ynmoifcg r½Su&f mrS tvuFm
42
42/ ynm½Sm yrmolawmif;pm; (Oyrm)
]ynmoifcg r½Suf&m}m}pum;ajywGif ynmoifvl½G,f
( rdwqdk;ESifh trsdK;om; ynmOD;zdk;usm;? udkudk,f
wdUk ukd aqmif;yg;½Siu
f vrf;nTeo f nfh pum;tjzpf.../ wdk;wuf [oFmw? edAÁmefZmwdjy )
t½Sut f aMumufrhJ vHv
Yk jyKtyfykH *kP&f nfcsi;f wlonfh
ynm&Smol (tEIdif;cH)ud k olawmif;pm;(tEIdif;)ESES i f h cdkif;EIdif;
xm;aomaMumifh ............./ ar;cGef;wdk twGuf avhvm&ef pHjyKar;cGef;rsm; (rdwqdk;ESifh trsKd;om;)
1/ q&musm;\ yifudka&;[ef t*Fgwpf&yfudk azmfjyyg/
2/ rnfonfah umvdyw f iG f ynmoifco hJ enf;/
p½du
k q
f w
kd m bmvJ 3/ t*Fvdyfjrefrm q,fwef;udk rnfonfh ausmif;rS atmifoenf;/
4/ ½Siaf vmif;vSnphf Of tzonf rnfonfukd
]]ajymqdkyHk? jyKrlyHk? awG;ac:yHkawGrSm pdwfxm;½dSw,f/ pkzJGUvmwJh
]] o,faqmif&avh½o dS enf;/
5/ udkxGef;ausmf\ tvSLxrif;[if;udk azmfjyyg/
trltusifhawGudk emrnfwyf a0zefvdkufawmh p½dkufvdkY ac:wmyJ/ 6/ zd;k 0dik ;f tpkonf rnfonf½h mG olBu;D tydik f jzpfoenf;/
pd w f x m;p½d k u f q k d w m uH o H k ; yg;&J U trl t usif h u d k 7/ aumvdyo f yd aHÜ usmif; ESpaf usmif; oydwaf rSmufonfh &uf? v?ESpfudk
wefzdk;jzwfvdkufwmyJvdkY em;vnf rSwf,loifhygw,f/ }} azmfjyyg/
8/ olawmif;pm; tBuD;pm;tvkyf qdkonfrSm rnfonfudk
qdv
k o kd enf;/
9/ OD;zd;k usm;onf rnfonfh 0w¬Krsm;a&;om;cJo h enf;/
ntdyu f n l &D efq;kH jzwf (ukuykdú ifatmuf?
P133
ar;cGe;f ½Snt f wGuf avhvm jyifqifxm;&ef ar;cGe;f a[mif;rsm;
1/ ]rd w qd k ; ½S i f j yK}wG i f rd w qd k ; om;tz tzJ G U onf zsmMurf;av;ig;csy(f 0D&&o &o)
u½kPm&oajrmufaMumif; wifjyyg/ ^..\ trlt&mukd (13) xif;cJG ? a&cyf? aq;aMum? wHjrufvSnf; tHhMoMu/
u½kPm&oajrmufatmif rnfoYkd a&;zGx YJ m;oenf;/ (14) tdy&f m0if pum;0dik ;f ( Zmwfvufwuf )
2/ ]rd w qd k ; ½S i f j yK}rS ½G m om;rsm;\ b0ES i f h a pwemud k {nfch aH uR;arG;jcif;(0D&&o)
azmfxw k w f ifjyyg/ (15) ajAmpnfoo H m/ xrif;auR;cef; wm /( aumuf..? yJ..?
3/ ]rd w qd k ; ½S i f j yK}wG i f pma&;ol u rd r d t awG U t BuH K ud k ig;yd...? eyf )
&oay:atmif rnfodkY a&;zJGUxm;oenf;/ ^..awGY&aom (16) ajAmwNALefjAKef;wtke;f tke;f ESi.hf ....128(wpfwif;csu)f ^60/
&oajrmuftzJUG rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/ (1&) Nred ½Sf½ u
S pf mG / pm;........pef/Y
4/ ]rd w qd k ; ½S i f j yK}\ &nf ½ G , f c suf a y:vG i f a tmif
rnfoaYkd &;zJUG xm;oenf;/ ½Siaf vmif; ausmif;ydjYk cif; (½T½TifjrL;0rf;ajrmufzG,)f (0D&^[ó)
5/ ]rdwqdk;½SifjyK}rS jrefrmh½dk;&m aus;vuf½SifjyKyJGtaMumif; (18) ½Siaf vmif; (jrif;rpD;&)
pDuHk;a&;om;yg/ (19) tz (ouFe;f y&du&© m)^ tz (oydw)f +trd
tao;pdwf rSwfom;&efrsm; (ouFe;f awmif;)
Zmwfvrf;tcH a½SyY ikd ;f ( ZmwfysK;d ydik ;f ) udkvdkeDacwf aus;vufae b0 (20) a,mufsm;BuD;? rdef;rBuD;rsm;
(1) ud, k af wGU - ausmif;ppfoGm; (21) tysKw d pfpk ( uefawmhy?GJ uGr;f awmif? y&dwt f ;kd ...)
(2) vufyw H ef; - uRNJ c½H mG / olBu;D OD;vSaz ( trsKk ;d usuo f a&aqmif aus;awmolrsm;ESihf
(3) vduk yf gorl sm; -q&musm;? OD ; pH a ½T E S i f h q&mwpf O D ; ?? NrKd Uoal nmifanmfanmf r[d'k if;wdYk jcm;em;yHk )
ausmif;om;ig;a,muf/ (22) umom;0dik ;f ( 'd;k ywf twD;trIw?f oHcsyf )
(4) ajAmoH - zd;k 0dik ;f tpk (q,ftrd rf ;I OD;0dik ;f ) ( ukov kd af &;rdUk BudK;pm;yg/ usKyw f uYkd ,
kd rf mS acR;wvHk;vHk; )
udkxGef;ausmf\ om; rdwqdk;av; iyk (zefjymcGuEf iS hf ausmufpufa&/ tarmajyatmif wdu k yf g rr)
(5) tvSL½Sit f rd f - ] ......wJomomrQ ½Sad om 0g;tdrif ,fjzpfí (0ufom;wHk;BuD; 'l;avmuf aygif avmuf/ olrsm;pm;wm
tifzufr;kd ? tifzufum? 0g;cif; jzpf\ ........} jrifz;l yg&hJ )
(6) tjyiftqif - ] tdrfa½SY acgif;&if; o&ufyifatmuf (av;zufNrw d ef UJ xD;&dycf /kd a½SUutysKd usKyw f Ykd &nf;pm; )
opfom;ckwifa[mif;? ESD;aMumzsmwpfywfEGrf;axmifhpkwf? ( eHomcGufeJY vStysKd/ usKyfwdkYudk,fudk Munfhprf;ygOD; )
y&d u © & mwpf y J G ? uG r f ; awmif w pf c k ? uef a wmyJ G w pf c k ? (23) vlx;l wpfa,mufyg0ifykH ( olBu;D nD jrwfom'Ge;f
y&dwftdk;wpfck(oajy½Guf?tkef;½GufESifh awmyef;wpfcuf 0wfpm;yHEk iS hf umvom;wdYk 0wfqify?kH
ESpcf ufpu kd xf m; ) vlwiG u f s,vf yk u f m MoZmay;yHrk sm; )
(7) ½Sifavmif; toGif - 11ESpf 12ESpf/ (24) ausmif;a&muf ½Sifavmif;udk ouFef;pnf;xm;cJh/ jyefvm/
a&?ajr?av?rD;.ud, k vf ;kH ud, k zf ef? vHck snw f w
kd .kd .Bu;D /
rJnpf/ acgi;f wH;k ajymif? pGyw f ?kd ydwjf zL? zd;k / csnrf Qi.f ./ a&pufcsw&m;em (MMunfEl;0rf;ajrmufzG,?f oem;zG,?f
(8) iyk trlt&m - wif ? 'l;? aqmifh ? [d-k onf/ ESpo f uf? at;Nird ;f zG,)f
pdwf<u/ (25) - nae av;em&DcefY
(9) oli,fcsif;rsm; b0 - uRJ ? usn;f ? ig;... acgif;wHk;? (26) - ausmif;xdkifbkef;BuD;? OD;yOöif;?
a&mifx;kH ? &ifaumh ../ jyKopfp½SifomraP....3yg;
nae 5 em&DcefY (27) - ajAoH (ajApcef;? MunfE;l zG,)f
q&musm;wdaYk &mufpOftcg(ZmwfE;Id ydik ;f )(u½k u½kPm&o m&o) (28) - ]]r,foifa&..... trQ[Jh..... trQ}}(toHuJGBuD;ESifh)
(10) tdrfa½SY ukuúdkyif - usLx&Hzsm ? uef ? ½Sif-a½SU / (29) - om"kac:oEH iS hf ajAmoHonf tuúe|d bHw
k ikd af tmif wuf?
(11) udx k eG ;f ausmf - 35? awm wkwf/ yHk/ rnf;/ teD
axmifh/ yg; ? pGyf/
(12) ewfuefawmhykH - ewf';kd tNy;D ? ajAmtwD;?
½IdufBuD;wiifidkyJGqif/
L
tvSLNy;D aemufaeY 0dik ;f 0ef; &oajrmufta&;tom;^tzJUG
½dik ;f yif;MuyH(k ed*;kH ydik ;f )(tm;&MunfE;l zG,f ) ]rd w qd k ; ½S i f j yK}pum;ajyonf trsKd ; om;ynm0ef
(30) - q&musm;wdt Yk zJUG oH;k q,f½h pS u
f syf OD;zdk;usm;\ udk,fawGU0w¬Krsm;rS aumufEkwfcsuf jzpfonf/
(31) - p&dwf usyaf v;q,fcefY (pyg;ay; 28d^-/ em;uyfaygif q&mBuD;onf (udkvdkeDacwf jrefrmhaus;vufjynfolwdkY\ b0udk
15d^-)
pmemwwfap&efESifh jrefrmh"avh? jrefrmhapwemwdkYudk wefzdk;xm;apvdkonfh
(32) -]]...odyg&UJAsm? EdUkayr,fh 'Dvkd &ufa½TUa½TUaewmeJY r,foifvnf;
om;udk ½SifrjyKvdkuf&½Smbl;/ 'ghaMumifhvnf; NyD;&if NyD;a&m &nf½G,fcsufjzifh) &oajrmuf a&;zJUG xm;ygonf/
qdkNyD; ZGwfESpf&wmyJ/.......}}) pma&;olonf tvSL½SifudkxGef;ausmf\ b0tajc
(33) - ]]udkif; q&musm;/ 'Dqif;&Jom;awG "m;jywdkufwm? rvSyHkudk OD;pGm a&;om;wifjyonf/
olykefxwm bmtHhMop&m ½SdovJAs/}} þwGif aetdr?f tcrf;tem; tjyiftqif csKUd wyhJ u
kH kd -
(34) - ]]aus;Zl;wifvdkufwm cifAsm/ 'DaiGudk uRefawmf ]]...wJomomrQom½Sdaom 0g;tdrfi,f...}}
uRecf NH y;D ajyatmif qyfygrh ,f/ ....}} ]]...tdrfa½SUESifh tdrfab;½Sd opfyifBuD;wdkYonfom
(35) - ]]'Dvjkd zifAh sm? uReaf wmht f vSL b,frmS useaf wmhrvJAsm}} "r®wmtavsmuf ay:aygufíaeaom r@yfrsm;
(36) - ]]uReaf wmf wwfEikd o f rQav; ay;vdu k pf rf;yg&ap jzpf a y\/}}
cifAsm}}
]]..... csLcsmaom opfom; ckwifa[mif;wpfck }}
(37) - OD;csuefawmh½Sm (jynfYwif;? jyefYus,f ½dk;om;aom
rsufESmBuD; twefMum pl;pdkufMunfhNyD;rS ½kwfw&uf..) paom ta&;tzJUG wjYkd zifh o½kyaf zmfxm;ygonf/
(38) - aus;vufjyKjyifa&;udpö ( wpfEikd w f pfyikd f aqmif½u
G &f ef rdwqd;k om;av; ½Siaf vmif;iyk\ o½kyu f v
kd nf; -
vdktyfyHk) ]]...ajr? a&? av? rD;? "mwfBuD;av;yg;ESifh orvsuf}}
]..csnfrQifpvG,f wpfckom zdk;olawmfxuf
vd&k if;tcsuf ud;k csuf
- ausmif;ppfa&muf? vnfywf? uRNJ cH tydik f zd;k 0dik ;f tpkrS omavonf}
ajAmoH"avh ponfjzifh a&;zJGUonf/ tvSL½Sif udkxGef;ausmf\ o½kyfudkvnf;-
- tvSL½Sif wJtrd ?f tcrf;tem;csKUd wJyh ?kH om;tz ]]......yHkMurf;\/ tom;rnf;ndK\/...}}
ewfuefawmh"avh ]]....teDa&mifvHkcsnf topfpufpufudk 0wfxm;\/
- 0dik ;f vkyf 0dik ;f pm; tm;ay; qifEJG {nfch yH EGJ iS hf aumf rusKd;ao;í yGa,mif;um axmifhqGJNyD;vQif
½Siaf vmif;vSnhf "avh rnD r ñG w f tcsK
tcsKd;rus jzpf&\/....... }}
- a&pufcs w&m;em trQtwrf;ay;a0 ajAmoHEiS hf ponfjzifh a&;zJUG wifjyygonf/
om"kac:oH MunfE;l zG,f þtzJGUwdkYrSm rdwqdk;om;tz\ edrfhusqif;&Jaom
- tvSLp&dwEf iS hf tulxnf0h ifaiG b0tajcudk awGU&Ny;D oem;u½kP&oudk yGm;apygonf/
udx k eG ;f ausmf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;? aus;Zl;odwwfjcif;
- v,form;wdUk usyw f nf;vGe;f yHk xdUk aemuf aus;vuf½SifjyKyJG\ xH;k pHt& rdqikd ?f zqdik f
- aus;Zl;qyfvakd om trlt&m ewfrsm;udk uefawmhonfh jrifuGif;udk o½kyfazmfxm;onf/
- aus;vufae v,form;wdYk \ b0udk jrSiw hf ifay;&ef oGm;avol rdcif ryg/ om;tz ESpfOD;wnf;udkom jrif&onf/
vdt k yfy/kH þwG i f ewf ' d k ; wD ; oH u pd w f u d k acsmuf c sm; xd c d k u f a p&m
- &oESihf todtjrif yGm;yHrk sm; ewfuefawmhtNy;D ajAmtwD;wGif om;tzESpOf ;D aMuuGJ
idkyGJqifyHkwdkYudk-
]]..udkxGef;ausmfonf uREkfyfwdkYudk ajyma,mifa,mifjzifh
]r,foifom ½dS&ifawmhAsm..}[lí þwpfcGef;udkom
ajymwwf½Sm\/ þwpfcGef;udkom ajymEdkifawmh\/....}}
ponfjzifh o½kyfazmfxm;&m odjrif pmem&oltaygif; rsuf&nf
vnf&onfh oem;u½kPm &oajrmuftzGUJ rsm; jzpfygawmhonf/

q&mBuD;wdkYtzGJUrSmvnf; tvSLtdrfwGif ntdyfí rdwqd;k om;tz tzGUJ onf u½kPm&oajrmuftzGUJ jzpfykH
P135
0dik ;f ulMuawmhonf/ atmufajcodr;f tvkyw f u Ykd kd aysmaf ysmyf g;yg;
]rdwqdk;½SifjyK}onf trsKd;om;ynm0efOD;zdk;usm;\
oGufoGuf vufvuf yg0ifvkyfaqmifyHkudk -
ud, k af wGU 0w¬Krsm;rS aumufEw k cf suf jzpfonf/ udv k ekd aD cwf
]]cifAsm;wdkY t*Fvdyfpmwwf NrKdUom;rsm; xif;cJG?
jrefrmhaus;vuf jynfolwdkY\b0udk oem;pmemzG,fjzpfatmif
a&cwf? csufjyKwf? aMumfavSmf vkyfwwfw,fqdkwm
rdwqd;k om;tz o½kyjf zifh xif[yfjycJyh gonf/
'd|jrif&vdkYom ,Hk&awmhxmyJ/ usKyfjzifh
rdwqd;k om;tzrSm vufyw H ef;NrKd U ta½SU? uRNJ c½H mG tydik f
odyftHhMowmyJ}}
zdk;0dkif;tpkwGifaeonf/ ajcmuftdrf? ckepftdrfrQom½dSaom
[líyif ½Gmom;wpfOD;u ajymavaMumif; ponfhjzifh a&;om;
tdrpf uk av; jzpfonf/ zcifux kd eG ;f ausmof nf v,fxeG ?f ysK;d EIw?f
wifjyxm;&m tm;&yDwd yGm;&ygonf/ 0D&&o Ed;I onfh tzJUG rsm;
pm&if;iSm;vkyíf toufarG;onf/ rdwqd;k om;av;iykrmS vnf;
jzpfonf/
uRJausmif;? EGm;ausmif;? xif;acG? a&cyfjyKum 0rf;pma&;udk
aemufaeY (tvSLyGJaeY) eHeufwGif ajAmwjAKef;jAKef; ?
ul&onf[k qdo k nf/
wtkef;tkef; ESifh pnfum;onfh tvSLyJGjzpfyHk? aumufi,f
þwGif tvSL½Sifom;tz\ aetdrf? tcrf;tem;
qefMurf;xrif;? yJ[if;? ig;ydaMumf? yJwDcsOfoeyfrQaom tvSL
tjyiftqif csKUd wyhJ u kH kd -
xrif;[if;udk [efraqmifwrf; pm;Nred Mf uyHw k u Ykd kd a&;zGUJ xm;jyef&m
]].... wJomomrQom½Sdaom 0g;tdrfi,f...}}
tm;&MunfEl; cHpm;a&apjyefygonf/
]]..... csLcsmaom opfom; ckwifa[mif;wpfck }}
xdaYk emuf ½Siaf vmif;vSnMhf uyHu k kd ½Tijf rL;zG,f azmfjyxm;
]]...ESD;aMumzsm wpfywfEGrf; axmifhpkwf cif;&\}
onf/ olBu;D nD jrwfom'Ge;f rSm vlwiG u f s,v f yk af erd&m tysK0d ikd ;f u
paom ta&;tzJUG wjYkd zifh o½kyaf zmfxm;ygonf/
-
rdwqd;k om;av; ½Siaf vmif;iyk\ o½kyu f v kd nf; -
]0g;ceJ }
]]...ajr? a&? av? rD;? "mwfBuD;av;yg;ESifh orvsuf}}
avSmifajymif&,farmyH?k 'd;k ywf0ikd ;f u -
]]...csnfrQifpvG,f wpfckom zdk;olawmfxuf
]...a½SUutysKd usKyfwdkY&nf;pm;/}
omavonf } }
paom oHcsyt f qdw k jYkd zifh ½Ti½f iT jf rL;jrL; vdu k yf gvmMuyHk ponfwu Ykd kd
ponfjzifh a&;zJGUonf/ tvSL½Sif udkxGef;ausmf\ o½kyfudkvnf;-
ajymoH? qdkoHrsm;ay:atmif azmfusL; a&;zGJUxm;jyef&m [ó
]]......yHkMurf;\/ tom;rnf;ndK\/...}}
&oay;aom tzGUJ rsm; jzpfvmygonf/
]]....aumf rusKd;ao;í yGa,mif;um axmifhqGJNyD;vQif
4if;aemufwGifvnf; ½SifjyKyJG tNyD;wGif q&musm;wdkY
rnD r ñG w f tcsKd;rus jzpf&\/....... }}
tzJUG u tvSLp&dwu f kd ar;jref;pdppfum udx k eG ;f ausm\ f a<u;wifcH
ponfjzifh a&;zJUG wifjyygonf/
ZGwEf pS f acs;iSm;aygiEf x HS m;onfwu Ykd kd 0dik ;f 0ef; ay;qyf ajz½Si;f ay;yH?k
þtzJGUwdkYonf rdwqdk;om;tz\ edrfhusqif;&Jaom
tusyt f wnf;rS vGwaf jrmufciG hf BuKH &ol udx k eG ;f ausmf 0rf;ajrmuf
b0tajcudk awGU&ojzifh oem;u½kP&oudk yGm;apygonf/
yH?k aus;Zl;odwwfykH paomjrifuiG ;f wdu Yk kd u½kPm&o? 0D&&o?
rdqikd zf qdik ef wfrsm;udk uefawmhonfh ½Siaf vmif;om;tz
oEÅ & o ajrmuf a tmif a&;zJ G U xm;aMumif ; quf v uf
\ trlt&mudk zGUJ &müvnf; ewf';kd oHu pdwu f kd acsmufcsm; xdcu
kd f
awGUjrifEikd yf gao;onf/
apEdkifyHk? xdkpOfrSmyif udkxGef;ausmfonf om;i,f½Sifavmif;udk
pma&;olonf ol\ tawGUtBuKH wu Ykd kd &oay:atmif
Munf h í vnf ; aumif ; ? oG m ;avol ZeD ; roif u d k owd & í
þodv Yk Qif a&;zJUG xm;ygaMumif; avhvmajzqdw k ifjytyfygownf;/
vnf;aumif; 0rf;enf;yufvuf pdwfroufrom jzpf&yHk?
( 5-ucsi)f
^ &oajrmufta&;tom;wdkYudk þodkYvQif avhvm ajzqdktyfygownf;/ rsufESmBuD; eDvmNyD; pdwfxdcdkufum OD;acgif; atmufpdkufcs
vdu
k yf wkH uYkd kd pmemzG,f a&;zGUJ xm;ygonf/
uef a wmh t NyD ; wpf q uf w nf ; ajAmtwD ; wG i f
udkxGef;ausmfrSm pdwfudk csKyfwnf;xm;&ef rpGrf;Edkifawmhay/
iykav;vnf; pdwfxdckduf 0rf;enf;&onf/ om;tzESpfOD;
idyk q
GJ ifyu
kH kd -
]]......tzaemuf o d k Y vd k u f u m tz\ vuf u d k u d k i f p G J ]rdwqd;k ½Sijf yK}rS ½Gmom;rsm;\ b0ESiahf pwem^ udk azmfxwk wf ifjyyg/
rSDwG,fí b,fqDb,fvrf;? b,fpcef;rS arQmfrSef;í
r&Ed k i f a om....}} trsKd ; om;ynm0ef OD ; zd k ; usm;\ ud k , f a wG U 0w¬ K
]].....udkxGef;ausmfonf uREkfyfwdkYudk ajyma,mifa,mif aumufEw k cf suf wpfy'k jf zpfonfh ]rdwqd;k ½Sijf yK}wGif udv k ekd aD cwf
jzifh ]r,foifom ½dS&ifawmhAsm..}[lí þwpfcGef;udkom
aus;vuf v,form;wd\Yk b0ESihf apwemwdu Yk kd pmemoem;zG,f
ajymwwf½Sm\/ þwpfcGef;udkom ajymEdkifawmh\/....}} cHpm; odjrifEidk yf gonf/
ponfjzifh a&;zGUJ xm;ygonf/ q&mMuD;OD;zdk;usm;onf vufyHwef;NrdKUodkY ausmif;ppf
xd k U a emuf y d k i f ; ½S i f a vmif ; vS n f h y H k ? ½S i f a vmif ; ud k a&mufpOf NrdKUta½SUbuf awmifajc½Gmav;odkY tvnfoGm;&mrS
ausmif;ydNYk y;D y&dowf jyefvmMuyHrk sm;udk azmfjyonf/ naeydik ;f wGif xdak wm½Sijf yK tvSLudk BuKH cjhJ cif;jzpfygonf/
y&d w f w &m;emum a&puf c spOf trQAsKd U [ k qd k t NyD ; wG i f ae&mrSm uRNJ c½H mG olBu;D tydik ½f dS ajcmuftrd ?f ckepftrd cf efY
udxk eG ;f ausmu f qufí- tdrfpkav;jzpfaom zdk;0kdif;tpkwGi f jzpfonf/ tvSLjyKol
r,foifa&...trQ[Jh..trQ}
]r,f ud k x G e f ; ausmf o nf awmom;? vk y f p m;ud k i f p m; jzpf o nf /
[k toHuJG Bu;D jzifh trQa0vdu k yf ?kH bke;f awmfBu;D yif ai;awGaeyH?k vl½dk;BuD;jzpfNyD; b0csKdUwJh½Smol jzpfygonf/
ud&k ifrsu&f nfusyw kH u Ykd v
kd nf; oem;zG,f zwf½&I yg onf/ om;i,f½iS af vmif;iykrmS q,fw h pfEpS ?f q,hEf pS Ef pS t f ½G,yf if
4if;aemufwGifvnf; ½SifjyKyJG tNyD;wGif q&musm;wdkY ½Sad csNy/D ausmif;raeEdik ½f mS / uRaJ usmif;? EGm;ausmif;? xif;acG?
aus;Zl;jzifh tusyt f wnf;rS vGwaf jrmufciG hf BuKH &ol udx k eG ;f ausmf a&cyf jyKum 0rf ; pma&;wG i f ul & ½S m onf / iyk o mru
0rf;ajrmufy?kH wwfprG ;f orQjzifh aus;Zl;;wHjYk yef½mS yHw k uYkd kd awGUjrif& þpum;ajywGif awmaus;vuf uav;oli,fw?Ykd uRJausmif;?
onf/ q&musm;wdt Yk zJUG vSn;f jzift h jyef vSn;f aemufrS ajcusif EGm;ausmif;? iSuyf pf? ig;½Sm b0jzifo h m tcsed u f ek v f eG af p&yHu k v kd nf;
vdu
k v f mum aemufq;kH cJcG mG EIwq f ufonfwiG v f nf; udx k eG af usm\f jrif&onf/ ynmoif,lcGifh r&bJ rdbwdkY\ 0rf;a&;ü yg0if
trlt&mudk - vH;k yrf;&aom b0tajcwdu Yk kd odjrifEidk yf gonf/
]]jynfhwif;? jyefYus,f? ½dk;om;aom rsufESmBuD;jzifh iykav;\ zcif udx k eG ;f ausmo f nf oGm;avol r,foif\
twefMum pl;pdkufMunfhNyD;rS ½kwfw&uf xdkifvdkufum}} em;uyfukd aygio f nf/ pyg;ay;jzifh acs;,lonf/ ukeu f sp&dwaf iG
paomtzJUG wiG f u½kPmouf yDwyd mG ;zG,f awGUjrif&onf/ usyaf v;q,fcefY ½So d nfjzpf&m a<u;wifcíH tvSLjyKjcif; jzpfayonf/
]rdwqdk;½SifjyK}wGif rdwqdk;om;tztzGJUrsm;onf om;av;iyk\ ½Sijf yKyw GJ iG f {nfyh &dowfwu Ykd kd xrif;auR;vdo k nfh
o½kyo f uefyjD yifvo
S nf/ zwf½o I rl sm; &ifüyif rdwqd;k om;tay: apwem jzpfygonf/ odaYk omf a<u;wifcx H m;onfh tvSLp&dwu f kd
pmemoem;jcif; Bu;D pGm jzpf&ygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh u½kPm&oajrmuf xdo k m;tz ESpaf ,mufaygi;f vkyt f m;jzifh ausEikd rf nfv h rf; rjrifacs/
tzGJUrsm; tjzpf þodkUvQif avhvm wifjytyfygownf;/ / ]]...odyg&JUAsm/ EdkYayr,fh
'Dvdk&ufa½TUa½TUaewmeJY r,foifvnf; om;udk
½SifrjyKvdkuf&bl;/ 'gYaMumifhvnf; NyD;&if
NyD;a&m qdkNyD; ZGwfESpf&wmyJ/....}}
[k udx k eG ;f ausmu f zGi[ hf ½Smonf/ b0ESihf &if;um tvSLtwef;
W C D F A B L jyKvakd om udx k eG ;f ausm\f o'¨gw&m;rSm xl;jrwfygayonf/
q&musm;wdkYtzJGUonfyifvQif tvSLwGif ntdyfum
atmufajcodrd ;f 0dik ;f ulMuavonf/ xdaYk Mumif½h mG om;rsm;rSm ydík yif
tm;wufoa&m jzpfc&hJ onf/ þwGif t*Fvyd af cwfynmwwf
Nrd K U o m;wd k Y tay: vG e f p G m txif B uD ; vsuf rd r f d w d k Y b0ud k
atmufjcwef;pm; tqif[ h k ESrd chf sxifrw
S f aeonftxd A[kow k
tMum;tjrif enf;yg;MuyHk udv k nf; oem;pmemzG,f odjrif&ygonf/
tvSLaeYwiG f aumufi,fqefMurf;xrif;? yJ[if;? ig;ydaMumf?
P137
yJwDcsOfoeyfrQom jzpfaom tvSLxrif;[if;udk ½GmeD;csKyfpyf &nf½, G cf suEf iS hf a&;zJUG y(kH pmqdk\ apwemESifh ta&;tzJGU )
{nfyh &dowf (60)ausmf 0dik ;f í tm;ay;Mu&m qefwpfwif;csuf ]rdwqdk;½SifjyK}onf q&mOD;zdk;usm;\ trsKd;om;
acsmonf[k qdkygownf;/ 0rf;ajrmufp&m awm&Gm"avhyif ynm0efb0 udk,fawGU tawGUtBuHK 0w¬Kwpfyk'f jzpfygonf/
jzpfonf/ &nf½G,fcsufrSm xdak cwf (udv k ekd aD cwf) aus;vuf v,form;wdYk
vl a erI b 0 ed r f h u syH k E S i f h jref r mh " avh jref r mapwemwd k U u d k
½Sifavmif;vSnfh&mwGifvnf; odkufodkufNrdKufNrdKufyif/
vlBuD;? vli,f usm;r y&dowf pHknDonf/ 'dk;ywf0dkif;u cHpm;odjrifapvdjk cif;[k qd&k ygrnf/
oHcsyfxdk;um vdkufonf/ ½Gmom;wdkYonf rdwqdk;om;tz\ q&mBuD ; onf wm0ef j zif h ausmif ; ppf x G u f p Of
½Sijf yKtvSLyJu
G kd rdrw
d Ykd tm;vH;k \ tvSLyJu G o vufyHwef;NrdKU ta½SYbuf½Sd uRJNcH½GmodkY tvnfa&muf&mrS
hJ Ykd tm;wufoa&m
rvS r f ; rurf ; ajcmuf t d r f ? ck e pf t d r f zd k ; 0d k i f ; tpk ½G m av;rS
yg0ifqifEMGJ ujcif; jzpfonf/ &if;&if;ES;D ES;D aemufajymif uspD ,fum
jzifh a&mifh&Jaysmf½Tif wwfonfh awmaus;vuf jrefrmh"avhudk vGiyhf sv
H monfh ajAmoHaMumifh awm½Sijf yKtvSL ½Sad Mumif; od&í
½Siaf vmif; ausmif;ydjYk rifuiG ;f ü awGU&jcif;jzpfonf/ oGm;a&mufpOf awGUBuKH &yHw k u Ykd kd wifqufxm;onf/
½SifjyKNyD; naeydkif;wGif a&pufcs w&m;em trQtwrf; ½SifjyKtvSLrSm rdwqdk;om;tz\ ½SifjyKtvSLjzpfonf/
ay;a0&m- vkyfpm; udkif;pm; ol&if;iSm;b0 jzpfaom tvSL½Sifom;tz\
]]om"koHESifh ajAmoHonf tuúed|bHkwdkifatmif wufav
aetdr?f tcrf;tem; tjyiftqif csKUd wyhJ u kH kd -
ownf;}} ]].... wJomomrQom½Sdaom 0g;tdrfi,f...}}
[k qd&k avonf/ ]]..... csLcsmaom opfom; ckwifa[mif;wpfck }}
udv
k ekd aD cwf usyw f nf;vGe;f onfh pD;yGm;a&; acgi;f yHjk zwfrI ]]...... ESD;aMumzsm wpfywfEGrf; axmifhpkwf cif;&\ }}
atmufwiG f rcHr&yfEikd jf zpfatmif cRwNf cKJHus&onftxd qif;&JwiG ;f u paom ta&;tzJUG wjYkd zifh o½kyaf zmfxm;ygonf/
rvGwEf idk af om aus;vuf½mG om;wdb Yk 0wGif tcsi;f csi;f pdwaf &m rdwqd;k om;av; ½Siaf vmif;iyk\ o½kyu f v
kd nf; -
]]...ajr? a&? av? rD;? "mwfBuD;av;yg;ESifh orvsuf}}
ud k , f y g ½d k i f ; yif ; Muonf h apwem"avh u d k txif t ½S m ;
]]...csnfrQifpvG,f wpfckom zdk;olawmfxuf
awGUjrifcMhJ u&ygonf/
omavonf}}
trsm;apwemjzifh tvSLyJGBuD; atmifjrifNyD;ajrmuf½Hkru
tvSLp&dwfudkyg jyefvnf ay;qyfEdkifum b0wpfavQmufvHk; ponfjzifh a&;zJGUonf/ tvSL½Sif udkxGef;ausmf\ o½kyfudkvnf;-
]]......yHkMurf;\/ tom;rnf;ndK\/...}}
uRecf q H if;&J&rnfh tjzpfrS vGwaf jrmufc&hJ aom udx k eG ;f ausmBf u;D
]].....teDa&mifvHkcsnf topfpufpufudk 0wfxm;\/
wpfa,muf q&musm;wdt Yk ay: aus;Zl;wHjYk yefarwåm xm;yHo k nf
aumf rusKd;ao;í yGa,mif;um axmifhqGJNyD;vQif
um; MunfE;l zG,f jrifuiG ;f yif/ ESpo f ufywD yd mG ;&ygonf/
rnD r ñG wf tcsK
tcsKd;rus jzpf&\/....... }}
þodYk aus;Zl;w&m; odwwfaom pdwx f m;apwemonf
aus;vufae ½Gmom;wdUk \ ,aeYwikd f pJNG raJ om pdwx f m;tvS[k ponfjzifh a&;zJGUwifjyygonf/ þtzJGUwdkYonf aus;vuf
qdck siyf gawmhownf;/ / vlaerIb0tajc? edru hf syu
kH kd jrif&aponf/
jrefrmh"avht& ½Sijf yKyGJ tcrf;tem;\ ueOD;tpOftvm
tjzpf rdqdkif? zqdkifewfudk uefawmhonfh jrifuGif;udkvnf;
a&;zGUJ xm;ygao;onf/ oGm;avolukd owd&ojzifh ewf';kd tNy;D ?
F J I GM R O D ajAmtwD ; om;tzES p f a ,muf id k y J G B uD ; qif M uyH k w d k Y u d k
o½kyaf zmfxm;&mü odjrifpmem&oltaygi;f rsu&f nfvnf&ygonf/
q&mBuD;wdkYtzGJUrSmvnf; tvSLtdrfwGif ntdyfí
0dik ;f ulMuawmhonf/ atmufajcodr;f tvkyw f u
Ykd kd yg0ifvyk u
f ikd yf u
kH kd
]]cifAsm;wdkY t*Fvdyfpmwwf NrKdUom;rsm; xif;cJG? a&cwf?
csufjyKwf? aMumfavSmf vkyfwwfw,fqdkwm 'd|jrif&vdkY
om ,Hk&awmhxmyJ/ usKyfjzifh odyftHhMowmyJ}} rdwqd;k ½Sijf yKrS tvuFmrsm;
[líyif ½Gmom;wpfOD;u ajymavaMumif; ponfhjzifh a&;om; 43
43/ ajAmwjAKe;f jAKe;f (jrnfopH )GJ
wifjyxm;&m yDwdyGm; tm;uszG,fyif/ NrdKUjyESifh aus;vuf þtvuFmuddk ]rdwqdk;½SifjyK}pum;ajywGif tvSLyGJ
b0todtjrif uGmjcm;yHkudkyg xif[yf o½kyfay:apaMumif; pnfum; odu k Nf rKd uyf ukH kd azmfusL;onfh tzJUG tjzpf pmqdku ......./
awGU&ygonf/ ajAmwD;cwf&mrS xGuaf y:onfh jrnfoH ]jAKe;f jAKe;f }udk
aemufwpfaeY(tvSLaeY) tvSLxrif;[if;rSm aumufi,f ........./
qefMurf;xrif;? yJ[if;? ig;ydaMumf? yJwcD sOo
f eyfrQom jzpfonf/ 44/ ajAmwjAKe;f jAKe;f wtkef;tkef;(jrnfopH )GJ
odaYk omf aus;vuf"avh tavsmuf [efraqmifwrf; t0avG;Mu? .... wGif ............ ( txufutwdik ;f )/
tm;ay; qifEMGJ uyHu
k vkd nf; - ½SifjyKyJGrS xGufay:aeonfh ajAmwD;oH ]jAKef;jAKef;}ESifh
]]..ajAmwjAKef;NAKef;? wtkef;tkef;ESifh ywfukef;NcdrfhoJ? vly&dowfwdkU\ toH]tk ] tke f ; tk e f ; }}udk xnfhoGif; a&;zJGUxm;
þrdwqdk;½SifjyK tvSLawmfyJGBuD;....}} aomaMumifh jrnfopH t GJ vuFm......../
ponfjzifh a&;zJGUygonf/ ]ajAmoH }ESifh ,SOfwJGaeonfh jrefrmh 45/ tuúe|d bHw k ikd af tmifwuf (twdo,0kw)då
apwem? jrefrmhpw d "f mwfwu Ykd kd 0rf;ajrmufz, G ?f wefz;kd xm;zG,f ... ½SifjyKtvSL txajrmufum tm;&0rf;om½SMd uyHu k kd
azmfusL;Edik cf o hJ nf/ azmf u sL;sL;a&;zJUG &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/
aus;vuf½iS jf yK vSnv hf nfyu GJ v
kd nf; awGU jrifEikd yf gonf/ ajAmwD ; cwf o H E S i f h om"k a c:oH xuf 0 ef ; usif o d k U
uGrf;awmifudkif tysKdrsm; awm"avhtavsmuf avmfvnfjcif; ysHESHonfudk omrefrQrqdkbJ tuúed|bHkwdkifatmif wufonf[k
uif;yH?k vlwiG u f s,v f yk f MoZmay;vdo k l jrwfom'Ge;f (olBu;D nD)udk tvGeftMuL; ......../
tysK0d ikd ;f u ]0g;ceJ} [m;MuyH?k 'd;k ywf0ikd ;f umvom; tzJUG uvnf;- 46/ &ifbwfpnfw;D (0uF0w k )då
]]........a½SUutysKd usLyfwdkY &nf;pm;}} ..... wGif vifaoojzifh idak <u;ol rde;f rwdUk \ obm0
ponfjzifh oHcsyfxdk;yHk? aemufajymif aysmf½TifMuyHk paom"avh tpm;pm; ½Sw d wfaMumif; ½Sif;jyaeonfh q&musm;\ pum;..../
wdu
Yk v kd nf; pmqdo k nf ruserf vyfatmif wifqufonf/ &ifbwfukd xkEu S f idak <u;onf[k wku d ½f u
dk rf a&;bJ
4if;aemufwGifvnf; ½SifjyKyJG tNyD; jzpf&yfwdkYudk ..[k....../
azmfjyjyefonf/ þwGif q&musm;wdaYk us;Zl;jzifh tusyt f wnf;rS 47/ &ifbwfpnf (½lyu)
vGwaf jrmufciG hf BuKH &ol udx k eG ;f ausmf 0rf;ajrmufy?kH wwfprG ;f orQjzifh .....wGif................. ( txufutwdkif; )/
aus;Zl;; wHjYkyef½mS yHw k uYkd kd awGUjrif&onf/ aemufq;kH cJcG mG EIwq f ufpOf xkEu S w f ;D cwf&mü toHjrnf[ed ;f yHk *kP&f nfwt l jzpf
udx k eG af usm\ f trlt&mudk - &ifbwf (tEIid ;f cH)ESifh pnf(tEIid ;f )wd wdkUudk *kP&f nfwcl si;f xyfwjl yK
]]jynfhwif;? jyefYus,f? ½dk;om;aom rsufESmBuD;jzifh zJGUqdkxm;..../
twefMum pl;pdkufMunfhNyD;rS ½kwfw&uf xdkifvdkufum}} 48/ 0g;ceJ ( jrnfopH GJ )
paomtzJUG ü u½kPmouf yDwyd mG ;zG,f awGUjrif&onf/ .... wGif ½Sifavmif;vSnfhyJGü usDp,faemufajymifum
þ]rdwqd;k ½Sijf yK} 0w¬Kpum;ajywGif pmqdk q&mOD;zd;k usm; aysmw f wfMuonfh vli,f"avUukd azmfusL;&mü pmqdu k oH;k xm;..../
onf (udv k ekd aD cwf aus;vuf v,form;wd\Yk b0tajc edru hf sy?kH vl w G i f u s,f v k y f o l jrwf o m'G e f ; ud k tysd K 0d k i f ; u
wwfprG ;f olwUkd u wpfEikd w f pfyikd f az;rjriS w
hf if ay;&ef vdt k yfy?kH avSmifajymif &,farmoH ]0g;}udk xnfo h iG ;f a&;zJUG xm;..../
arwåm u½kPm? apwem? o'¨gw&m;wdkYjzifh ½Gmom;tcsif;csif;
½dik ;f yif;apmifh a½SmufMuonfh rGejf rwfaom "avhukd todtrSwjf yK
xde;f odr;f oifyh kH ponf)h olt Y mabmf apwem &nf½, G cf surf sm;odYk
qdu k af &mufatmif þodv Yk Qif a&;om;wifjyxm;aMumif; avhvm
ajzqdt k yfygownf;/

rsdK;cspfppfonfawmfav;rsm; arG;xkwaf y;Edik rf ?I
P139
(9) trsKd;om;aeY wdk;wufa&;r*¾Zif;
( 5 ) jrefrmjynf ynma&;qdik &f m tzJcYG sKyw f pf&yf
trsKd;om;ynm0efOD;zdk;usm; jzpfwnfcJhrI?
1/ ..rSwof m;zG,&f mrsm;udk wifjyyg/ ^..rS OD;zd;k usm;\ tawGUtBuKH EiS hf ( 6 ) wdik ;f a&; jynfa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? bmoma&;?
tawG;tjrifrsm;udk wifjyyg/ ^rS &½Sdaom A[kokwrsm;udk omoema&; paom ta&;tm;vH;k \ Bu;D yGm;a&;
pdw0f ifpm;zG,f wifjyyg/ ...\ tawGUtBuHKrsm;udk azmfxkwfwifjyyg/ tajccHjzpfcrhJ /I
2/ trsKd ; om;aeY \ &nf ½ G , f c suf a y:vG i f a tmif þ tcsufwdkYudk wifjy&mwGif aqmif;yg;½Sifonf
rnf o d k Y a &;om;xm;oenf ; / ^..pum;ajy\ &nf ½ G , f c suf aygyh g;oGuv f ufonfh pm[efjzifh wifjyonf/ om"utm;jzif-h
ay:viG af paom ta&;tom;rsm;udk avhvmwifjyyg/ ]] iacG;? iEGm;? opfwHk;rsm;r[kwfMu? }}
trdsK;om;aeY &nf½G,fcsufESifh a&;zJGUyHk ]] uRefeif;jym;pdwfrS ocifrif;om;pdwfodkY }}
]trsK;d om;aeY}onf udv k ekd aD cwf wdk;wufa&;r*¾Zif;yg ]]... jAKef;ceJ owd&í xx<u<ujzpf }}
trsdK;om;ynm0efOD;zdk;usm;\ aqmif;yg;pum;ajy jzpfygonf/ ]]wpfcgwnf; ckefausmf wdk;wufoGm; }}
trsKd;om;aeY\ ta&;ygyHkudk rSwfom; odjrif wefzdk;xm; ]]...tvHk;pHkudk udkifrnfhtzJGU }}
tav;tjrwf jyKapvdo k nfY apwem?&nf½G,fcsuf?tmabmf?oabmxm;jzifh ponfh t&yfoHk;pum;wdkYjzifh wifqufxm;&m teufay:um
a&;om; wifqufxm;aMumif; awGU&ygonf/ pdw0f ifpm;zG,f jzpfapygonf/
1920 jynfhESpf? 'DZifbmv 5 &uf? ( 1282 ck? þwGif pma&;olonf xdt k usKd ;aus;Zl;rsm; jzpfxeG ;f
wefaqmifrek ;f vjynfah usmf 10 &uf )wGif t*Fvyd f udv k ekd t
D pd;k &u &½Sad tmif yg0ifvLS yf½mS ;olrsm;\ pGeUf vwT f tepfemcH tm;xkwcf &hJ ykH
jrefrmjynfolwdkY tvdkqEúdk qefYusifum aumvdyf Oya'opfudk jzpf&yftcsKUd ukd om"utjzpf qufvuf a&;om;wifjyygonf/
jy|mef;vdu k o f nf/ xdak eY&ufrmS yif aumvdyo f yd aHÜ usmif; ESpaf usmif;rS oydwaf rSmufaumvdyaf usmif;om;wdrYk mS ]]trdsK;om;wdYk
ausmif;om;wdYk acgi;f aqmifí wpfjynfv;kH ½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;u \ tnGeUf? wufv}l }uav;rsm; jzpfy?kH tem*wf ud, k af &; ud, k w
f m
oydwfarSmufMuonf/ trsKd;om;a&; pdwf"mwfrsm; jyefvnf b0udk tqHk;½HI;cH pGefYvTwf pGefYpm;cJh&yHk? oydwfpcef;rsm;wGif
wuf<u vSKy½f mS ;vmcJMh uonf/ taetpm; qif;&JcsKUd whJ cHc&hJ yHk ponhrf sujf rifjzpf&yfwjYkd zifh wifjy
pma&;olonf þjzpf&yfwEYkd iS hf qufpyfonfh olUtjrifEiS hf a&;om;ygonf/ þwGiv f nf;-
ud, k w f ikd f BuKH awGU&onfwu Ykd kd azmfjyum trsK;d om;aeY ta&;ygyu kH kd ]]rdrdwdkY\ om;orD;wdkYudk aocef;½Sifcef; jzwfMu&}}
wifjyxm;onf/ ]]..tm;udk;&mrJh ausmif;om;? ausmif;olwdkYudk..}}
trsKd;om;aeU owfrSwfa&;twGuf rEÅav;NrdKUwGif ]]....ausmif;om;i,f crsmwdkYrSmvnf; &ifatmifhMu&}}
usi;f yaom jynfv;kH uRwf uGezf &ift h pnf;ta0;Bu;D wGif wnDw ]].....av;em&DjynfhvQif apmifwdkYudk cGm,lí }}
ñGww f nf; qH;k jzwfMuum txufyg vSKy½f mS ;rIaeY&ufukd a½G;cs,f ponfh a&;om;wifjycsurf sK;d jzifh uGuu f uG u f iG ;f uGi;f odjrifap
EdkifcJhjcif;onf oifhavsmfxdkufwefvSaMumif; ed'gef;csD axmufcH h nf/ &efyHkaiG &½Sad &; BuKd ;yrf;pOf 0HomEkwu
cJo Ykd kd tjrifrMunfonfh
a&;om;xm;ygonf/ þwG i f xd k v S K yf ½ S m ;rI u d k tajcjyKum "e½Siw
f pfO;D xH tvSLcHr&d m -
jzpfxeG ;f cJah om tusKd ;aus;Zl; (6)&yfukd wifjyonf/ olt Y jrifrmS ]...tJ'g tckxnfhwm[m apwem o'¨g½SdvdkY
þodkYjzpfonf- r[kwfbl;/ em;NiD; vdkYxnfhwm}}
( 1 ) jrefrmwd\Yk acgi;f iHrYk cH ZmwdrsK;d rmefpw d f jyef½iS o
f efr?I [laom tjymrsK;d jzifh xdyg;jcif; cHc&hJ aMumif;? xdo k Ykd tcsK;d ESyd cf H
( 2 ) jrefrmhta&;wGif ud, k w f ikd f pGefYpm;vdkonfhpdwf aqmif½u G cf &J onfh tjzpfuv kd nf; -
jzpfay:r?I ]]..uREkfyfwdkYonf olawmif;pm;tBuD;pm;tvkyfud k
( 3 ) ynma&; vSLyf½Sm;rIrsm;aMumifh 25 ESpf? tESpf 30 twefyif vkyfcJh&\/...}}
cefY ckeaf usmw
f ;kd wufomG ;rI? [kaom tuGuu f spum;jzifv h nf;aumif; q&musm;u ud,
k af wGU
( 4 ) trsK;d om;ausmif;rsm;rS tem*wfwikd ;f jynftwGuf jzpf&yfrsm;udk om"uxm;um a&;om;cJyh gonf/
aqmifyg;ed*;kH wGif q&musm;u olUapwem &nf½,
G cf suf
xif½mS ;apatmif - (1) jrefrmwd\Yk acgi;f iHrYk cH ZmwdrsK;d rmefpw d f jyef½iS of efr?I
]]... atmifyJGaeY ac:avmufatmif oifhavsmfxdkufwef (2) jrefrmhta&;wGif ud, k w f ikd f pGepYf m;vdo k nfph w
d f
ta&;BuD;avojzifh wpfEdkifiHvHk;u todtrSwfjyKum jzpfay:rI?
½dkao av;jrwf xdkufygownf;/ }} (3) ynma&; vSLyf½Sm;rIrsm;aMumifh 25 ESpf? tESpf 30
[k qdx k m;ygonf/ cefY ckefausmfwdk;wufoGm;rI?
þaqmifyg;wGif t½dt k ao? tav;tjrwf jyKxu kd o
f nfh (4) trsK;d om;ausmif;rsm;rS tem*wfwikd ;f jynftwGuf
trsKd;om;aeU jzpfaMumif; pma&;olu xif½Sm;apvdkonf/ rsKd ;csppf pfonfawmfav;rsm; arG;xkwaf y;Edik rf ?I
,if;apwem &nf½G,fcsuf xif½Sm;atmif 'dk;'dk;a'gufa'guf (5) jrefrmjynf ynma&;qdik &f m tzJcYG sKyw f pf&yf
oG u f o G u f v uf v uf ½S d v S o nf h a&;[ef u d k tm;jyKum jzpfwnfcrhJ ?I
&nf½,G cf suo f Ykd a&mufatmif a&;om; wifqufomG ;Ekid af Mumif; (6) wdik ;f a&; jynfa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? bmoma&;?
avhvmajzqdk wifjytyfygownf;/ / omoema&; paom ta&;tm;vHk;\ BuD;yGm;a&;
tajccHjzpfcJhrI/
trsK;d om;aeYrS rSwo
f m;zG,&f mrsm;^ þodkYaom tusKd;aus;Zl;w&m;rsm; ay:xGef;apzdkY
OD;zd;k usm;\ tawGUtBuKH EiS hf tawG;tjrifrsm; ^ tepfem cHcMhJ u&onfh jzpf&yftawGUtBuKH wrYkd mS vnf; pdwf0ifpm;
&½Sad om A[kow k rsm; rSwo f m;zG,yf if jzpfygonf/
]trsK;d om;aeY}onf udv k ekd aD cwf wd;k wufa&; r*¾Zif;yg oydwfarSmufMupOftcg aumvdyf odyÜHausmif;om;
trsK;d om;ynm0ef OD;zd;k usm;\ aqmif;yg; jzpfygonf/ þaqmif;yg; ig;&mausm?f ajcmuf&mcefw Y rYkd mS trsK;d om;wd\Yk ]tnTefYwufvl}
wGif trsKd;om;aeY owfrSwf&½Sdjzpfay:vm&yHkESifh wpfEdkifiHvHk;u av;rsm; jzpfy?kH xdt k vm; tvmwdu Yk kd pGev Yf w T f tepfemcH pGepYf m;cJh
todtrSwf jyKxu kd yf w
kH u
Ykd kd odjrifEikd yf gonf/ aqmif;yg;½Sif q&mBu;D Mu&yH?k oydwaf rSmuf ausmif;om; toD;oD;wdYk oydwpf cef;rsm;wGif
OD;zdk;usm;\ tawGU tBuHKESifh tawG;tjrifwdkYrSm pdwf0ifpm; taetpm; qif;&JMuyH?k tcsKd UrmS tem*wf b0twGuf tvkyt f ukid f
A[kow k yGm; rSwo f m;zG,f jzpfayonf/ tcGit hf vrf; tusK;d tjrwfwYkd toif½h x dS m;onfukd qH;k ½I;H cH&ojzifh
wkev f KSyaf csmufcsm; idak <u;yHk paom jzpf&yfrsm; trsm;tjym; ½Scd o hJ nf/
1920 jynfEh pS ?f 'DZifbmv 5 &uf? ( 1282 ck? wefaqmifrek ;f xdtk epfemcHrw I jYkdzifh &if;um trsK;d om; tusK;d pD;yGm; wd;k yGm;cJah Mumif;
vjynfhausmf 10 &uf )wGif t*Fvdyf udkvdkeDtpdk;&u aumvdyf tav;xm;zG,f odjrifrw S o f m;&ygonf/
Oya'opfudk jynfolwdkY tvdkESifh qefYusifum jy|mef;vdkufonf/
xdkpOf aumvdyfodyÜHausmif; ESpfausmif;rS ausmif;om;wdkY aqmif;yg;½Sif q&musm;ud, k w f ikd f onfyifvQif trsK;d om;
acgi;f aqmifum wpfjynfv;kH ½Sd ausmif;toD;oD;rS ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;rsm; tkycf sKyaf &;wGif wm0ef,l vSKy½f mS ; xrf;½Gucf &hJ ayonf/
u oydwfarSmufum ausmif;rS xGufcJhMuonf/ xdkta&;rS trsK;d om;ausmif;rsm; &efyakH iG wd;k yGm;a&;twGuf ]olawmif;pm;
tpjyKum jrefrmwpfjynfv;kH trsK;d om;a&; pdw"f mwfrsm; jyefvnf tBuD;pm; tvkyf} vkyfcJh&yHkudkvnf; pdwf0ifpm;zG,f odjrif&
½Siof efvmaMumif; rSwo f m;&onf/ ygonf/ xdkodkYyg0if aqmif½GufpOf "e½Sif tcsKUd\ ESdrfhcsajymqdkjcif;?
xdyg;ajymqdjk cif;wdu Yk kd cHc&hJ onf/ q&musm;wdo Yk nf wdik ;f a&;
xdkumvrSmyif rEÅav;NrKdUwGif usif;yaom jrefrmjynf jynfa&; trsKd;om;a&;twGuf atmufuscH? t½SufudkriJh
vH;k uRwf uGezf &ifBh u;D u txufyg ynma&;oydwaf rSmufonfh &ef y H k a iG ½ S m cJ h &ayonf/ xdkjzpf&yfwdkYrSmvnf; todtrSwf
aeY & uf u d k jref r mwpf r sKd ; om;vH k ; \ aeY x l ; aeY j rwf t jzpf jyKxu kd v f yS gonf/
wnDwnGwfwnf; a½G;cs,f owfrSwfEdkifcJhonf/ ,if;odkY
a½G;cs,v f u
kd jf cif;onf qDavsmf oifjh rwfvaS Mumif; aqmif;yg;½Siu f þodkY txl;wvnf todtrSwfjyK ½dkaoav;jrwf
aus;Zl;ajcmuf&yfjzifh axmufcH aqG;aEG;xm;&m olYtjrifrSm xdu k af om trsK;d om;aeY jzpfaMumif; trsK;d om;ynm0ef OD;zd;k usm;u
pdw0f ifpm; rSwo f m;zG,jf zpfygonf/ xdt k usK;d w&m; ajcmuf&yfukd olYtawGYtBuHK tawG;tjrifwdkYjzifh wifjyxm;&m A[kokw&
þodYk avhvmodjrif&ygonf/ rSwo f m;zG,f jzpfvyS gawmhownf;/ /

trsKd;om;aeYrS tvuFmrsm; (10) ywåjrm;ausmufpD"m; (0w¬Kwdk)udkvdkeDacwf
P141
49
49/ uReef if;jym;pdw(f 0uF0w k )åd wuúodkvfarmifoefYpif ( jrefrmpmygarmu©O;D { armif )
]trsKd ; om;aeU } pum;ajywGif udk,fhwdkif;jynfta&; usKHaysmfZmwd/ &efukefwuúodkvf jrefrmpmXme ygarmu©/
arhavsmaY eonfh jrefrmwdkU\ edrfUuspdwfukd pmqdu k azmfusL;&mü jrefrmpmayjyKpka&;ESifh bmomjyefaumfr½Sif ( jrefrmpmtzJGU )\
oH;k xm;ygonf/ 'kwd,Ouú|/ acwfprf;pmayvSKyf½Sm;rIwGif OD;aqmifyg0ifum
]r[kwrf w&m;onfukd acgi;f iHYk vufavQmjh yK vspv f sL½I uAsmrsm; 0w¬ K wd k r sm;a&;zJ G U / wuú o d k v f a rmif o ef Y p if
onfph w
d [ f k wdu
k ½f u
kd rf a&;bJ ]uReef if;jym;pdw}f [k oG,0f u
kd af &;zJUG uavmiftrnfjzifh pmayrsm;a&;om;/
xm;aomaMumifh 0uF0w k t
då vuFmajrmufygonf/ uAsm? pum;ajy aumufEw k cf surf sm;/ ppfwuúov kd o f ;kH
pum;ajyvuf a ½G ; pif / yk * H a usmuf p m vuf a ½G ; pif
50/ ocifrif;om;pdw(f 0uF0w k )åd
pmtkyfrsm;vnf;jyKpkcJh/ aqmif;yg;rsm;? okawoepmayrsm;udk
.... wGif trsdK;om;atmifyJGaeU vSKyf½Sm;rSKrSwpfqifh
jrefrmbmom? t*Fvyd b f momwdjYk zifh a&;om;cJ/h jrefrmpmXmeudk
jyefvnf jrifw
h uf xufoefvmonfh jrefrmYpw d "f mwfukd pmqdu
k
ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGm Bu;D Muyfvrf;nTecf o hJ nf/
azmfusL;&mü oH;k xm;ygonf/
&nf½, G cf suf
rw&m;rSKudk ZmwdrsdK;½dk;rmefjzifh wGef;vSefonfhpdwf[k ol & J a umif ; wd k Y \ av;pm;xd k u f a om *k P f & nf u d k
wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]ocifrif;om;pdwf}[k............../ ESpfoufav;pm; tm;usapvdkjcif; jzpfygonf/
51/ a&omcdk(0uF0kwåd) pum;ajy\ vd&k if;tcsurf sm;
.... wG i f ud k , f h E d k i f i H t a&;ud k arU a vsmU x m;NyD ; - Zmwfaqmifrsm;
oufomovdk aeMuonfh vufatmufcH jrefrmwdkU\tajcudk ywåjrm;ausmufpD"m;? "m;jyAdkvf Akdvfrdk;oD;? jrif;pD;vmol
pmqdu
k azmfñeT ;f &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/ jrKd Upm;rif; aZ,sausmx f if? oli,fysK?d tysKad wmf cifav;EJUG Y
ta&;w,lr½Sd aeomovdk aeMuonf[k wdkuf½dkuf cifav;EJUG \ tzd;k )
ra&;bJ]a&omcdk}[kk................../ - umva'o
jrefrmbk&ifrsm;(rif;wke;f rif;)acwf/ yk*aH 'oapmvS0ef;
52/ ajrBu;D vufcwfrvJ(G 0uF0w k )då bk&m;teD;? orÇLvbk&m;em;
..... wGif twef;pmudo k m wpfEpS yf wfv;kH tm½Hjk yKaeonfh - jzpfpOf
ud,
k uf sKd ;Munfh ausmif;om;wpfO;D taMumif; pmqdu k ..../ (1)yGaygu^f cGiaf umif; awGUumtdraf zmufxiG ;f &ef tBujH zifh tcGihf
pmar;yJw G iG f {uefrck s atmifjrifrnf[k wdu k ½f u kd rf zJUG qkd csufaumif; apmifhaeol oli,fysKdonf "m;jyAdkvf Adkvfrdk;oD;[k
bJ ............................/ xifrw S f &olxH wynfch H yl;aygi;f rI,o l nf/
53/ trsKkd ;om;wdUk \ tnTe(Yf 0uF0w k )åd ^ wuf vl (2) xdt k cg owåd ½S?d r½Sd pl;prf;jcif;cH&ojzifh rdro d wåu d kd xif½mS ;
.... wG i f aumvd y f a usmif ; om;wd k Y pG e f Y v T w f ap&ef wpfO;D wnf; pGepYf m; azmufxiG ;f jyvdu k o f nf/
tepfemcHyHkudk ...................../ (3) wdu k &f myg ypön;f ( cgomy'krm® ESpt f yk ?f a'gi;f '*Fg;jym;wpf&m?
tm;xm;&rnf h wd k ; wuf a om vl i ,f r sm;[ k oG,faysmif;wpfuHk;? aemfZmwpfuHk;ESihf a½Tq,hfig;usyfom; )
wdu
k ½f u
kd rf a&;bJ ]trsK;d om;wd\ Yk tñGe}Yf [k................./ wdkYudk ESpfOD; cJGa0,l&efBuHonf/
(4) odkYaomf ajr;tzdk; jyeftvm ypönf;rsm; qHk;½Hk;&ojzifh idak <u;
aomua&mufrnfh trlt&mwdu Yk kd t&omcH Munh½f &I OD;rnf
om;aumif;wpfa,muf? ausmufaumif;wpfaph jzpfygap/ om;wdYk ½yk &f nf? oDwmrnfom;? [k taMumif;jy ac:aqmifojzifh tdrt f Bkd u;D teD; apmifq h ikd ;f um
a&Munfcsrf;jr? wpfaygufusu? rdbwdkY0rf;? Nidrf;pwrf;/ om;tcspf? ajr;tESpf/ ajr;tzdk;jyeftvm jzpfysufyHkwdkYudk Munfh½I&jyefonf/
om;orD; raumif;? rdbacgif;/ om;qd;k tar wayay/ auR;arG;rysuf? aqmif½GufpDrH (5) rdrad Mumifh olwpfyg; qif;&JBuKH &onfukd 0rf;ajrmuf t&om
arGcHxdkufap vSLrQa0í ?apmifhavrsKd;EG,f 0wfig;oG,f usifhzG,f om;wdkYwm../ rcHEdkif? oem;pmempdwf0ifum trSm;udk jyKjyif&Jonfh owåd½Sif/

( ausmufpD oefU { ? arG; usHKaysmf vS aZ,s ausmfxif? orÇLv) ....'gaMumifh rif;rSm wu,fhowåd ½Sd&JUvm;vdkY
ar;cGe;f wdk avhvmcsuf igar;w,f / }}
1/ acwf? trsK;d tpm;? a&;ol? trnf&if; ajzyg/ ponfjzifh awGU jrifEikd o
f nf/
2/ uavmif½SifwuúodkvfarmifoefYpifonf rnfol jzpfoenf;/ ]]cifAsm; bmrS pum;½Snfaep&m rvdkbl;/ r,Hk&if
3/ ywåjrm;ausmufp"D m;udk rnfol odr;f ,lvmoenf;/ 'Dae&mu apmifhMunfhae/.....}}
4/ owåd\ oabmudk ajzyg/ þ EIwaf jym trlt&mtzJUG wüYkd oli,fysK\ d tausmrcH
ar;cGe;f a[mif; avhvmcsuf onfh pdw"f mwfEiS hf &J&ifah om trlt&mwdu Yk kd pwif jrifawGUvm
1/ &oajrmuf pum;ajy jzpfaMumif; avhvmwifjyyg/ &onf/
2/ ..rS ol&aJ umif;wd\ Yk av;pm;xdu k af om *kP&f nfukd wifjyyg/ oli,fysKdonf ajymajym qdkqdkyif olBuH½G,fxm;onfh
3/ ..wGif a,mufsm;aumif;ESifh vlrdkufwdkY\ t&nftaoG; tdrBf u;D odYk wpfO;D wnf; oGm;a&muf wdu k ,f cl ahJ v\/
uGmjcm;csufudk rnfodkY wifjyxm;oenf;/ qef;ppfjyyg/ ypö n f ; yd k i f ½ S i f ajr;tzd k ; jzpf o l w d k Y jyef a &muf v Q i f
4/ ..&nf½, G cf suu
f kd azmfjyí ½nf½,
G cf suo tdrfwHcg;yGifhaeí xdyfxdyysmysm
f Ykd a&mufatmif rnfoYkd fy smysm jzpfoGm;yHk? aomu cHpm;&yHk
a&;zJUG xm;aMumif; avhvmwifjyyg/ Zmwfuu G u f v kd nf; -
5/ ]ywå j rm;ausmuf p D " m;}pum;ajyrS ol & J a umif ; wd k Y \ ]].......azazBuD;awmh rcsdawmhbl;uG,f [kqdkum
av;pm;xdkufaom *kPf&nfESifh pdwf"mwfudk o½kyfazmfwifjyyg/ oufjyif;½Ií idkNrJ idk,dkvsuf½Sdav\/ }}
6/ ]ywåjrm;ausmufp"D m;}pum;ajyrS ol&aJ umif;wdYk \ pdwx
f m;udk ponfjzifh oem;zG,f a&;om;xm;&m u½kPm&o yGm;&onf/
azmfxwk w
f ifjyg/ jrif;pD;olu apmifMh unfMh urnf qdok jzifh oli,frmS vnf;
&oajrmuf pum;ajy xd k j rif u G i f ; ud k awG U j rif & um pmemoem;pd w f j zpf a y:onf /
]ywå j rm;ausmuf p D " m;}onf jref r mpm ygarmu© ypönf;rsm;udk rw&m; &,lydkifqdkifvdkjcif; r½Sdawmh/ xdkYaMumifh
{
OD; armifu wuúov kd af rmifoefpY if uavmiftrnfcu H m a&;zJUGxm; jyefay;rnf[k qdkum jrif;pD;ol odrf;xm;aom ypönf;wdkYudk
onfh 0w¬Kwkd wpfyk'f jzpfygonf/ 0w¬Kwkd jzpfonfhtavsmuf awmif;,lavonf/ jrif;pD;olu ray;ay/ xdaYk Mumifh oli,fysKu d
&oajrmufpum;ajy tjzpf avhvm zwf½I&ygonf/ iSufBuD;awmif"m;jzifh wdkufcdkuf&avawmhonf/ oli,fysKd
0w¬KZmwfvrf;tpwGif vk,uf "m;jywdu k &f ef twGuf wdu
k cf u kd vf monfukd tomt,myif ckcu H muG,vf suf vufeufukd
yk*NH rKd Ura&mufrD apmvS0ef;bk&m;teD; csKu H , G w f pfcw k iG tf Bux H wodr;f vdu
k f k af vonf/ xdaYk emuf-
apmifhqdkif;aeol oli,fysKdrSm jrif;pD;vmolwpfOD;udk ywåjrm; ]]..rif; owåd taumif;om;yJJ? vm...rif;
ausmufp"D m;ESihf ,SOw f GJ jrif&ojzifh "m;ydik ½f iS f "m;jyAdv k f Adv k rf ;kd oD;[k ig haemufvdkufcJh/}}
xifrSwfrSm;um rdrdtawG;twGuf tm;wufrdonf/ odkYESifh [k qdjk yefum tdrBf u;D qDoYkd ac:omG ;? ypön;f rsm; jyefay;pOf "m;jyAdv k f
Adv
k rf ;kd oD;xH wynfch H yl;aygi;f rnf[k ajymqdv k u kd o f nf/ þwGif Adv k rf ;kd oD; r[kwb f J NrKd Upm;rif; aZ,sausmx f ifjzpfaMumif; oli,fysKk d
jrif;pD;olEiS hf oli,fysKw d Ykd qufvufajymqdyk w kH u Ykd kd - od&avawmhonf/ jrSKyfuGuf Zmwfvrf;udk tqHk;a&mufrS
]]rif;u ighwynfh vkyfcsifw,fvdkY ajym&atmif/ rif;rSm 0w¬ Kq&mu azmfvu kd jf cif;jzpf&m tHt h m;oifzh ,
G jf zpfum tAÇKw&o
owåd ½SdvdkYvm;/ } } cHpm;&ygonf/
]]r,Hk&if prf;MunfhwmayghAsm}} ypön;f ydik ½f iS rf sm; ypön;f jyef&aponfomru oli,fysKu d kd
( jrif;pD;vmoludk vSefíMunfhum rcHcsifaom vrf;rSeaf &mufatmif xde;f odr;f ajz½Si;f oGm;onfh NrKd Upm;rif;\
rsufESmxm;jzifh ajymonf/) t&nftcsi;f udv k nf; av;pm;cs;D usL; tm;&auseyfjcif;rsm; jzpfum
]][m; [m; [m; awmfawmfvmwmyJ/ 'gayr,fh tAÇKw&o? 0D&&owdu Yk kd cHpm;&onf/
owåd½SdwmeJY rdkufwmeJY wjcm;pDuG/ owåd½Sdw,fqdk rw&m;rIrS pGepYf m; ½ke;f xGuu f m trSm;udjk rif trSeof Ykd
wmu tusKd;jrifvdkY aemufrwGefYbJ pGefYpm;wm/ jyifEikd cf o
hJ t
l jzpf oli,fysK\ d *kP&f nfuv kd nf; tm;usEpS o f ufum
rdkufw,fqdkwmu tusKd;rJhoufouf &rf;vkyfwm? 0D&&ojzpf&jyefonf/
þpum;ajywG i f yef ; wd k i f & otjzpf rw&m;rI u d k wpfqufwnf;rSmyif -
P143
z,fMuOfum w&m;rQwrItwGuf &J0phH eG pYf m;jcif;udk owåpd rG ;f &nf ]]cifAsm; bmrS pum;½Snfaep&m rvdkbl;/ r,Hk&if
tjzpf wefz;kd xm; tm;us aqmif,v l o
kd nfh pdwt f m;wuf<urI 'Dae&mu apmif h M unf h a e/.....}}
0D&&oudk yGm;apaMumif; avhvmcHpm; odjrifMu&ygonf/ [lonfh EIwt f rlt&mtzJUG jzifv h nf; oli,fysK\ d tausmrcHonfh
xd k Y a Mumif h ]ywå j rm;ausmuf p D " m;} 0w¬ K wd k o nf pdwf"mwfESifh &J&ifhaom trlt&mwdkYudk xif½Sm;apaMumif;
&oajrmufpum;ajy jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;ygawmhownf;/ / awGU&onf/
oli,fysKdonf ajymajym qdkqdkyif olBuH½G,fxm;onfh
tdrBf u;D odYk wpfO;D wnf; oGm;a&muf wdu k ,f cl ahJ v\/ owåt d pGr;f
]ywåjrm;ausmufp"D m;}\ &nf½, G cf suEf iS hf &nf½, G cf suaf &mufatmif
jyEdik Nf y[ D k olUu, kd o f l xifrw S t f m;&pdwf jzpfae[efuv kd nf; -
a&;zJUG yHu
k kd ajzyg/
]]..uRefawmf owådrenf;bl;qdkwm ckodNyD r[kwfvm;}}
ywåjrm;ausmufpD"m;wGif &nf½G,fcsufa&mufatmif a&;zJGUykH [l a om EI w t
f rlt&mpum;jzifh azmfusL;xm;ygonf/
]ywå j rm;ausmuf p D " m;}onf jref r mpmygarmu© xd k Y a emuf w G i f ypö n f ; yd k i f ½ S i f ajr;tzd k ; jzpf o l w d k Y
OD ;{ armif u wuú o d k v f armif o ef Y p if uavmif t rnf j zif h jyefa&mufvQif tdrfwHcg;yGifhaeí xdyfxdyfysmysm y smysm jzpfoGm;yHk?
a&;zJGUxm;onfh 0w¬Kwdk wpfyk'f jzpfygonf/ &nf½G,fcsufrSm ypö n f ; rs m ; r½S d a wmh í yl y if a omua&muf aj ymqdkMuyHk ponhf
rdu
k ½f ;l &JjyKjcif;udk a½Smifum a,mufsm;aumif;wd\ Yk owåt d pGr;f udk ylaqG;aomuBuD;pGm BuHKyHk ZmwfuGufudk vnf; -
tm;usEpS o f ufapvdjk cif;[k qdEk ikd yf gonf/ ]].......ajr;av;&,f? rif;yifyef;wm rMunfh&ufEdkifbl;
tEJGU&JU? azazBuD;awmh rcsdawmhbl;uG,f.....}}
þ&nf½, G cf suaf y:viG af tmif yifukd pdw&f if; pdw"f mwf
ponfjzifh oem;zG,f a&;om;xm;onf/
redru hf s aomfvnf; tajctaewpf&yfwiG f vrf;rSm;odYk OD;wnfae
aom oli,fwpfO;D udk tawGUtBuKH t&nftcsi;f &ifu h suo f u
l jrif;pD;olu apmifMh unfMh urnf qdo k jzifh oli,frmS vnf;
owåd pGrf;&nf azmfxkwfum vrf;rSefodkY OD;wnfay;yHkwdkYjzifh xdkjrifuGif;udk awGUjrif&um pmempdwfjzpfrdonf/ oem;pdwf
Zmwfvrf;qif wifjyxm;ygonf/ jzpfay:onf/ ypönf;rsm;udk rw&m; &,lydkifqdkifvdkonfh pdwf
r½Sad wmhacs/ jyefay;rnf[k qdu k m jrif;pD;olxrH S awmif;avonf/
0w¬KZmwfvrf;wGif yk*NH rKd Ura&mufrD apmvS0ef;bk&m;teD;
csKu
H , G wf pfcw k iG f vk,uf "m;jywdu k &f eftBux H wk f apmifqh ikd ;f aeol þwGiv f nf; jrif;pD;olu jiif;qefojzifh oli,fysKd u
oli,fysKrd mS jrif;pD;vmolwpfO;D udk ywåjrm;ausmufp"D m;ESihf ,SOw f GJ iSu B
f u ;
D awmif " m;j zifh wdu
k cf u kd &f yH?k jrif;pD;olrmS tomt,myif
jrif&ojzifh "m;ydkif½Sif "m;jyAdkvf Adkvfrdk;oD;[k xifrSwfrSm;um ckcu H muG,v f suf vufeufukd odr;f vdu k yf kH xdaYk emuf-
tm;wuf r d o nf / rd r d t BuH u d k zG i f h a jymum Ad k v f r d k ; oD ; xH ]]rif; owåd taumif;om;yJ?J vm..rif; igah emufvu kd cf }hJ }
wynfch yH ;l aygi;f rnf[k ajymqdv k u kd o f nf/ þwGif jrif;pD;olESifh [k qdkjyefum tdrfBuD;qDodkY ac:oGm;? ypönf;rsm; jyefay;aepOf
oli,fysKw d Ykd qufvufajymqdyk w kH u Ykd kd - "m;jyAdv k f Adv k rf ;kd oD; r[kwb f J NrKd Upm;rif; aZ,sausmx f ifjzpfaMumif;
]]rif;u ighwynfh vkyfcsifw,fvdkY ajym&atmif/ rif;rSm oli,fyskKd od&yHk ponfh Zmwfuu G w f u Ykd kd wifqufxm;onf/
owåd ½SdvdkYvm;/ } } þwGif Zmwfvrf;\ jrSKyfuGufudkyg od&NyDjzpfonf/
]]r,Hk&if prf;MunfhwmayghAsm}} ypönf;½Sifrsm;udk ypönf;rqHk;½HI;apbJ? oli,fysKdudkyg vrf;rSef
( jrif;pD;vmoludk vSefíMunfhum rcHcsifaom a&mufatmif xde;f odr;f ajz½Si;f Edik o f nfh jrif;pD;ol(NrKd Upm;rif;)\
rsufESmxm;jzifh ajymonf/) t&nftcsi;f vnf; ay:viG v f mygonf/
]][m; [m; [m; awmfawmfvmwmyJ/ 'gayr,fh vli,fyyD D rw&m;rIrS pGepYf m;½ke;f xGuu f m trSm;udjk rif
owåd½SdwmeJY rdkufwm wjcm;pDuG/ owåd½Sdw,fqdkwmu trSeo f Ykd jyifEikd cf o hJ l oli,fysK\ d a,mufsm;aumif;*kP&f nfuv kd nf;
tusKd;jrifvdkY aemuf rwGefYbJ pGefYpm;wm/ rdkufw,fqdk ESpo f ufvufcH tm;&zG,f jrifvu kd &f NyD jzpfonf/
wmu tusKd;rJh oufouf &rf;vkyfwm? .......}} tqH;k wGif oli,fysK\ d yifukd pdw"f mwfEiS hf t&nftcsi;f
ponfjzifh o½kyaf y:atmif a&;xm;ygonf/
udk tuJjzwf pdppfNy;D ol NrKd Upm;rif;\- tusKd;jrifvdkY aemuf rwGefYbJ pGefYpm;wm/ rdkufw,f
]]uJ-rif;vnf; Adkvfrdk;oD;wynfh rvkyfcsifawmhbl; qdkwmu tusKd;rJh oufouf &rf;vkyfwm? .......}}
xif y gw,f / rif;pdwfrsKd;eJYvnf; rwefygbl;/ ponfjzifh o½kyfygyg jrifawGUEdkifygonf/ xdkYjyif -
ighaemufvdkufcJh/ rif;udk ig wyfxJrSm oifhovdk ]]cifAsm; bmrS pum;½Snfaep&m rvdkbl;/ r,Hk&if
cefYxm;r,f/}} 'Dae&mu apmif h M unf h a e/.....}}
[k ajymqdk ac:omG ;yHw
k jYkd zifh Zmwford ;f xm;ygonf/ [lonfh oli,fysKd\ tausmrcHonfh pdwf"mwfESifh &J&ifhaom
þwGif rw&m;rIukd z,fMuOf? rdu k ½f ;l &JtrIukd a½Smif½mS ; trlt&mwdu Yk v
kd nf; txift½Sm; awGU jrif&ygao;onf/
um w&m;rQwrItwGuf &J0HhpGefYpm;jcif;onf a,mufsm;aumif; oli,fysKdonf ajymajym qdkqdkyif olBuH½G,fxm;onfh
(ol&Jaumif;)wdkY\ owådpGrf;&nftjzpf ESpfoufzG,f odjrifvm& tdrBf u;D odYk wpfO;D wnf; oGm;a&muf wdu k ,
f cl ahJ v\/
ygonf/ &nf½G,fcsuf ay:vGifatmif þodkYvQif a&;om; ]]..uRefawmf owådrenf;bl;qdkwm ckodNyD r[kwfvm;}}
xm;aMumif; ajzqdktyfygownf;/ / [kvnf; qdkvdkufao;onf/ owåt d pGr;f jyEdik Nf y[ D k olUu,kd of l
xifrw S t f m;&pdwf jzpfaeayonf/
]ywåjrm;ausmufp"D m;}pum;ajyrS ol&aJ umif;wdYk\ av;pm;xdu
k af om
*kPf&nfESifh pdwf"mwfudk o½kyfazmfwifjyyg/ xd k Y a emuf w G i f ypö n f ; yd k i f ½ S i f ajr;tzd k ; jzpf o l w d k Y
]ywåjrm;ausmufpD"m;}pum;ajyrS ol&Jaumif;wdkY\ pdwfxm;udk jyefa&mufvQif tdrfwHcg;yGifhaeí xdyfxdyfysmysm y smysm jzpfoGm;yHk?
azmfxwk w
f ifjyg/ ypönf;rsm; r½Sdawmhí ylyifaomua&mufajymqdkMuyHk ponhf
( 'Dar;cGe;f 2 ckrmS ½Iaxmihfwal omfvnf; o½kyaf zmf eJY azmfxwk f uJjG ym;csuf ylaqG;aomuBu;D pGm BuKH ae&½Sm&yHw k u Ykd kd oem;u½kPmoufz, G f
cyfyg;yg;½Swd ,f? oifhq&mxH ar;yg/ ) jrifawGU&jyefonf/
jrif;pD;olu apmifMh unfMh urnf qdo k jzifh oli,frmS vnf;
ywåjrm;ausmufpD"m; pum;ajyrS ol&Jaumif;wdkY\ av;pm;xdkufaom *kPf&nfESifh pdwf"mwf
xdkjrifuGif;udk awGUjrif&um pmempdwfjzpfrdonf/ oem;pdwf
]ywå j rm;ausmuf p D " m;}onf jref r mpmygarmu© jzpfay:onf/ ypönf;rsm;udk rw&m; &,lydkifqdkifvdkonfh pdwf
OD ; { armif u wuú o d k v f a rmif o ef Y p if uavmif t rnf j zif h r½Sad wmhacs/ jyefay;rnf[k qdu k m jrif;pD;olxrH S awmif;avonf/
a&;zJUGxm;onfh 0w¬Kwkd wpfy'k f jzpfygonf/ þ0w¬KwiG f ol&aJ umif; þwGif oli,fysK\ d yifupkd w d &f if; jrifjh rwfyu kH kd odjrifvm&onf/
wd k Y \ *k P f & nf E S i f h pd w f " mwf u d k tm;uszG , f av;pm;zG , f
þwGiv f nf; jrif;pD;olu jiif;qefojzifh oli,fysKd u
jrifawGUEikd o f nf/
iSuBf u;D awmif"m;jzifh wdu k cf u kd &f jyefonf/ þodkY pGefYpm;wdkuf
Zmwf v rf ; tpyd k i f ; ü yk * H N rd K U r a&muf r D apmvS 0 ef ; cdkufonfwGif oli,fysKd\ ol&Jaumif;pdwf"mwfudk jrifawGUEdkif
bk&m;teD; csKu H ,
G w f pfcrk S tBux H w k f apmifq h ikd ;f aeol oli,fysKrd mS jyefonf/ jrif;pD;olrmS tomt,myif ckcu H muG,v f suf vufeuf
jrif;pD;vmol wpfO;D udk ywåjrm;ausmufp"D m;ESihf ,SOw f GJ jrif&ojzifh udk odr;f vduk uf m-
"m;ydik ½f iS f "m;jyAdv
k f Adv k rf ;kd oD;[k xifrw S rf mS ;um tm;wufro d nf/ ]]..rif; owåd taumif;om;yJJ? vm ..rif;
rvSrf;rurf; av;axmifhuefteD; tdrfBuD;twGif;½Sd tzd k ;wef ighaemufvdkufcJh/}}
ypö n f ; rsm;ud k wd k u f , l r nf h rd r d t BuH t wG u f Ad k v f r d k ; oD ; xH [k qdkjyefum tdrfBuD;qDodkY ac:oGm;? ypönf;rsm; jyefay;aepOf
wynfch yH ;l aygi;f vdo k nf[k qdv k ukd o f nf/ þonfwu Ykd kd - "m;jyAdv k f Adv k rf ;kd oD; r[kwb f J NrKd Upm;rif; aZ,sausmx
f ifjzpfaMumif;
]]rif;u ighwynfh vkyfcsifw,fvdkY ajym&atmif/ rif;rSm oli,fysKk d od&avawmhonf/
owåd ½SdvdkYvm;/ }}
þwGif ypön;f ½Sirf sm;wGif ypön;f rqH;k ½H;I apbJ? oli,fysKd
]]r,Hk&if prf;MunfhwmayghAsm}}
udyk g vrf;rSeaf &mufatmif xde;f odr;f ajz½Si;f ay;Edik o f nfh jrif;pD;ol
( jrif ; pD ; vmol u d k vS e f í Munf h u m rcH c sif a om
(NrKd Upm;rif;)\ av;pm;zG,f t&nftcsi;f rsm; ay:viG v f mygonf/
rsufESmxm;jzifh ajymonf/)
]][m; [m; [m; awmfawmfvmwmyJ/ 'gayr,fh vli,fyyD D rw&m;rIrS pGepYf m;½ke;f xGuu f m trSm;udjk rif
owåd½SdwmeJY rdkufwm wjcm;pDuG/ owåd½Sdw,fqdkwmu trSeo f Ykd jyifEikd cf o
hJ l oli,fysK\
d a,mufsm;aumif;*kP&f nfuv kd nf;

ESpo
f ufvufcH tm;&zG,f jrifvu kd &f NyD jzpfonf/
P145
(11) edAÁmefaqmf
0w¬KwiG f oli,fysK\d yifukd pdw"f mwfEiS hf t&nftcsi;f udk udv k ekd aD cwf odyÜHarmif0\ pmwrf;i,f
em;vnfonfh NrKd Upm;rif;\- armfvNrdKifZmwd? i,f r n nf armifpdefwif/ i,fpOfu
]]uJ-rif;vnf; Adv k rf ;kd oD;wynfh rvkycf siaf wmhb;l rkyeG &f yf q&m OD;cspv f aS usmif;ü ynmoifc/hJ 10wef;ausmif;om;
xifygw,f/rif;pdwfrsKd;eJYvnf; rwefygbl;/...}} b0uyif owif;pmrsm;wGif 0ZD&mwifh trnfjzifh aqmif;yg;rsm;
[k ajymqdk ac:oGm;yHkwdkYudk jrif&onfrSmvnf; auseyfzG,f a&;om;/
aumif;vSygonf/ &efuek af umvdyw f iG f ynmoifqJ yxraumvdyo f ydwf
ay:ayguf p Of trsd K ;om;ausmif ; q&mtjzpf wm0ef x rf ; cJ h ?
þwG i f rw&m;rI u d k z,f M uOf ? rd k u f ½ l ; &J t rI u d k Oya'pmar;yGJwGif jrefrmESifh ygVdü qkrsm;&/ 0dZÆmwef;wGif
a½S m if ½ S m ;um w&m;rQwrI t wG u f &J 0 H h p G e f Y p m;jcif ; onf jrefrmpm*kPfxl;wef;\ yxrqHk;ausmif;om;jzpf? yxrqifhrS
a,muf s m;aumif ; wd k Y \ owå d p G r f ; &nf wpf e nf ; qd k & aomf atmifjrif/ Edik if 0hH efxrf; ynmawmfoiftjzpf t*FvefEikd if H atmufpzdYk
ol & J a umif ; wd k Y \ av;pm;tyf o nf h *k P f & nf j zpf a Mumif ; wuúov kd o
f Ykd apvTwjf cif;cH&? ynmawmfoifb0 tawGUtBuKH ukd
4if;wdEYk pS Of ;D wGif xif[yfawGUjrif&ygownf;/ / rdrw d ikd ;f jynf\ ynma&;ESihf ,SOíf rSww f rf;wifc/hJ
- uavmiftrnfarmif0 = ]]ae&yfacsmif acsmifu vlrnfarmif0 }}[k
ywåjrm;ausmufpD"m;rS avhvmzG,ftvuFm uavmiftrnf cHvu kd &f mu wGi/f
54
54/ 0ke;f ceJ (jrnfopH )GJ - odyÜHausmif;om;armifjroGif? odyÜHarmif0? wifarmifjrifh?
]ywå j rm;ausmuf p D " m;} m;}pum;ajywGif tpGrf;owåd armifoHacsmif;? aumvdyfcifcif../ *E¦avmu? '*kef? ol&d,?
jyvdok l oli,fysKd \ vSyk ½f mS ;rItrlt&mudk pmqdu k azmfusL;&mü BuD;yGm;a&;?
oH;k xm;ygonf/ - aumvdyd rf *¾Zif;..../ aqmif;yg;? jyZmwf? ay;pm...../
tdrw f cH g;udk ud, k v k &f mrS xGufay:on
f ;kH ESihf ajy;wdu y:onfh - tBu;D rm;qH;k qE´wpf&yf = jrefrmpmaywd;k wufatmif
aqmif½Gufvdkjcif;jzpf/
jrnfoH ]0ke;f }udk xnfUoiG ;f a&;zJUG xm;aomaMumifh jrnfopH .GJ ..../
- a½S;½d;k pum;ajyta&;tom; = um&efeab pm[ef½Snf
55/ vlpm;wJ"h m;(0uF0w k )åd - acwfprf;pum;ajy = 0guswd k r sm;jzih f
.... wGif Adkvfrdk;oD;\ vufpGJ ywåjrm;ausmufpD"m; ½Si;f ½Si;f vif;vif; ½Sv d aS om oGuv f ufonfh pum;ajyta&;tom;
tpGr;f xufyu kH dk &nfñTef;ajymqdkol ZmwfaqmifwpfOD;\ pum; OD ; pd e f w if o nf ud k v k d e D a cwf w G i f arS ; rS d e f a eaom
tjzpf....../ jrefrmpmudk a½SUwef;a&muf vmatmif jyefvnf azmfxkwfcJhol
vlUtoufrsm;udk aoapatmifprG ;f onf"h m; [k wdu
k ½f u
kd f wpfO;D /
a&;orQ S p mwd k Y ü rsKd ; cspf p d w f taiG U touf r sm;
rzJGUbJ......................./ wpfenf;enf;jzifh yg0ifaewwf/ a&muf&mt&yfwdkYü jrefrmrI?
56/ wHawmifqpfyeG ;f atmif(0uF0w k )då jrefrm"avh? jrefrmh&mZ0ifwu Ykd kd pdwtf m;xufoefpmG avhvmazmf
.... wGif ajr;jzpfou
l kd pmempum;qko
d nfh tbd;k \pum; xkwaf vh½o dS l Ekid if 0hH efxrf;jzpf/
tjzpf..../ a½T b k d c ½d k i f uef Y y vl N rd K U t eD ; *g;'gqnf B uD ; ½G m wG i f
umv½Snf yifyef;qif;&JpmG trSKxrf;&onf[k wdu k ½f u
kd f ppfajy;b0jzifh uG,v f eG cf /hJ
rzJGUbJ.../
( edAÁmefaqmfuarmfvNrD?odyÜHarmif0 pdefwifeD?
57/ &ifu&GJ acs(twdo,0kwd)å armifoHacsmif;rnf 0ZDwi?fh aumvdyfcifcif wifarmifjrifh?
.... wGif ajr;jzpfol yifyef;qif;&Jonfukd rMunf&h uf jroGifhqE´wpf&yfrSm jrefrmpmay wdk;wuf&m../
aMumif; ik,
d akd jymonfh tbd;k \ pum;ü ..................... / um&ef eab pm[ef ½SnfxGuf?
oHk;ESpfwm tyifyef;cH ½SmazG&onfh Opöm&wemrsm; 0guswdkvsuf ½Sif;vif;oGuf? acwfprf; aA'gvuf )
qHk;½HI;&ojzifh rcHpm;Edkifatmifjzpf&onfudk omrefrQ rqdkbJ ar;cGef;wdk erlem
]&ifu&GJ acs}[k tvGet
f MuL;...../ 1/uavmifcw GJ pfc^k i,frnf^trnf&if;^ZmwdûG,v
f eG &f mt&yfajzyg/
2/ rnfonfh pum;ajytzJUG yHpk H jzpfoenf;/
3/ ynmawmfoif wuúodkvf ajzyg/ ]]....... tdyfaejcif;u tusKd;r½Sd? usef;rmjcif;udkvnf;
4/ a&;orQpmwGif rsdK;cspfpdwf yg0ifaewwfonfh pmqdkrSmrnfolenf;/ r&? avmuD pD;yGm;vnf; rjzpfxGef;/ avmukwå&m
5/ wm0ef0g;jcrf;onf armifvlat;udk rnfodkY jyKwwfoenf;/ pD;yGm;vnf; raqmif/ .............. }}
6/ rnfonfh tcgupí owif;pmwGif aqmif;yg;rsm;a&; cJo h enf;/ ponfjzifv h nf; qufvufwifjyygonf/ eHeufcif;\ cspfp&m
ar;cGe;f ½Snf ar;cGe;f a[mif; jrefrmrI tke;f armif;"avhwpf&yf tjzpf tav;xm;rdco hJ nf/
1/ ...wGif pma&;olonf rdrdtawG;udk rnfodkY a&;zJGUxm;oenf;/(02) od k Y E S i f h armif v l a t;vnf ; eH e uft ½k P f w uf 0 ,f
2/ .wGif odyÜHarmif0\ pdwful;ESifhtwiftjyudk ay:vGifatmif vSKyv f KS y½f mS ;½Sm; xx<u<u jzpfvmonf/ uvwuf tke;f armif;
a&;zJUG jyyg/(05) oH\ Ed;I aqmfru I kd tm½Hu k s yDw½d iT f ESpo
f ufaerdacsNy/D xdaYk Mumif-h
3/ ...wGif pma&;olu rdrdtawGUtBuHKESifh tawG;udk &oay:atmif
]rnfonfh aw;uAsmonf uvwufoHxuf
]]rnf
rnfoUkd a&;zJGUxm;oenf;/ (05)
av;eufygtHhenf;/ om,mygtHhenf;/
4/ ...rS cspfp&m jrefrmrI jrefrm"avhudk azmfxkwfyg/(06)
5/ ...rS pma&;ol\ pdwu f ;l ESifh twiftjyudk oH;k oyfwifjyyg/(07) El ;nHhygth Henf;/}}
6/ ....rS pma&;olwifjyaom edAÁmefaqmftaMumif;udk a&;yg/(08) ponfjzifv h nf; pOf;pm;cef; 0ifrad Mumif; azmfjyvdu k o
f nf/
7/ ...rS t½kPfOD; jrefrmh&yf½Gm "avhrsm;udk o½kyfazmfwifjyyg/(09) xdaYk emufwiG f oabFmqdyo f Ykd xGuv
f mcJ&h m vrf;wGif
8/ ...rS cspfp&m jrefrmrI? jreffrm½dk;&m"avhrsm;udk ESpfoufzG,fwifjyyg/ eHeufapmapm ukov kd af &; aumif;rIjyK qGr;f csuEf ikd Mf u&ef Ed;I aqmfol
(09) 0wfjzLpifMu,f0wf edAÁmefaqmftzdk;tdkudk jrifawGU&jyefonf/
vufwiG f aMu;pnf udik q f xJG m;um EIwrf S om,mMunfE;l zG,f
]edAÁmefaqmf}rSpma&;ol\ pdwful;ESifhtwiftjy(tawGUtBuHKESifh tawG;) ½Gwq f vkd m,if; aMu;pnfoH ]]aemif - aemif}}ay;aeonf/ xdo k Ykd
]edAmÁ efaqmf}onf odyaHÜ rmif0\ pmwrf;i,f wpfy'k f BuKH awGUpOf armifval t;\ tawG;udk -
jzpfygonf/ pma&;olu 4if;\ tawG;tjrifEiS hf tawGUtBuKH wu Ykd kd ]]..olwum\ tusKd;twGuf aqmif½Gufaeay\/
pdwaf t;Nird ;f zG,jf zpfatmif zJUG xm;aMumif;awGU&ygonf/ aumif;aypG/ aumif;aypG/ om"k/ om"k/ xdktcdkuf
pum;ajywG i f pmqd k u Zmwf a qmif a rmif v l a t; xdktcsdefü xdkolwGif raumif;aom pdwfxm;
ae&mwGif 0ifum armifvlat;\ tawG; pdwful;rsm;tjzpf ½Sdrnfr[kwf/ olonf rnfrQ pdwfMunfEl;
azmfusL;xm;ygonf/ aeayrnf e nf ; /....}}
tcgumvrSm t½kPfOD;tcsed f jzpfygonf/ xdek eH ufwiG f ponfjzifh pma&;olu a&;zJUG wifjyxm;ygonf/
armifvlat;onf Xmetvkyfwm0efjzifh ( jrefrmjymom½GmodkY ) xdkYaemufwGif ywf0ef;usiff vrf;ol vrf;om;wdkY
c&D;oGm;&ef ½Sdonf/ oabFmqdyfodkY ig;em&DtrD qif;Edkif&ef Ed k ; xvmMuyH k ? qG r f ; csuf & ef j yif y H k ? bk & m;0wf j yK M uyH k ponf h
eHeufapmapm av;em&DwiG f tdyf&mxum rsuEf mS opfavonf/ ouf0ifvSKyf½Sm; vmMuonfh &yf½Gm"avhwdkYudk awGU&aMumif;
xdpk Of teD;tem;½Sd bke;f Bu;D ausmif;rS uvwufou H kd qufvufwifjyonf/
Mum;&onf/ ueOD;wGif toHrSm cyfav;av;/ xdkYaemuf xdtrlkt rlt &m tm;vHk;wdkYonf wefzdk; xm;tyfonfh
wjznf;jznf;pdyfoGm;\/ om,maomtoHudk em;t&omcHum jrefrmh½;kd &m"avhrsm; jzpfayonf [kvnf; awG;awm qifjcifrd
armifvlat; MunfEl;pdwfjzifh awG;onf/ uvwufoH\ [ef½ydS gonf/ xdo k abmudk -
EdI;aqmfEdkifpGrf; ½SdyHkudk awG;aerdjcif; jzpfonf/ xdt k awG;wduYk kd ]]tdrfazmufxGif;&ef BuHpnfaeMuaomolwdkY
odyaHÜ rmif0u - td r f j yef M uavNyD } }
]]tdk owå0g taygif;wdkY? xMuavmh? xMuavmh/ ]]xdktoHrsm; u,faomaMumifhom axmifEIwfcrf;odkY
aerif;BuD;udkxí zl;ajrmfMuygukefavmh/ a&mufNyD;rS axmifxJodkY ra&mufbJ ½Sdavonf/....}}
a&mifjcnfwpfaxmif tvif;udk aqmifum aerif;BuD; ponfjzifh awG;jy? a&;jyxm;ygonf/
xGufay:vmyHkum; ..........}} xdkodkY awG;&if; vSrf;vm&m xdkpOf armifvlat;\
[k a&;zJUG wifjyygonf/ tqH;k owf tawG;rSm -
]]..þtcgrsKd;udk rBuHKzl;olonf vljzpfusKd;reyf[lí 0ifMuukefavmh/ 0ifukefavmh/}}
P147
pOf;pm;rd\/ odkYESifh oabFmqdyfodkY a&mufavo poñfh tawG;pdwful;yGm;um jrefrmh&yf½Gm "avhwpf&yf\
wnf;/}} tvSw&m;udk ESpo f ufcpH m;rdavonf/
[k jzpfavonf/ odyaÜ rmif0\ xdt k zJUG av;rSmvnf; MunfE;l odkYESifh armifvlat;vnf; eHeu ft ½k P f w uf 0 ,f
at;Nird ;f p&mjzpfvmcJah wmhonf/ vSKyfvSKyf½Sm;½Sm; jzpfum edAÁmefaqmfBuD; jzpfaom uvwuf
þpum;ajywGif pma&;ol\ tawG;rSm odraf rGUvo S nf/ tke;f armif;oH\ Ed;I aqmfru I kd tm½Hu
k s yDw½d iT f ESpo f ufaerdacsNy/D
at;Nidrf;vSyonf/ oEÅ&o yGm;aponf/ t½kPfOD;tvSudk xdaYk Mumif-h
ouf0if½Sifoef Edk;xaponfh cspfp&m jrefrmh½dk;&m jrefrm"avh ]]rnfonfh aw;uAsmonf uvwufoHxuf
jrefrmrIav;rsm;tjzpf todtjrifyGm; tav;xm;rd apaom av;eufygtHhenf;/ om,mygtHhenf;/
twiftjy ta&;tom;rsm;tjzpf tuJjzwf^ oH;k oyf^ avhvm El;nHhygth Henf;/}}
wifjytyfygownf;/ ponfjzifv h nf; pOf;pm;cef; 0ifrv d ukd af o;onf/
rSefygonf/ eHeuf t½kPfwuf wdwfqdwfcsdef0,f
]ed A Á m ef a qmf } rS t½k P f O D ; jref r mh & yf ½ G m "avh r sm;ud k e&Dtpdyt f usjJ zifh wD;acguf ay:xu G af ejcif; jzpf&m wl&, d moH
o½kyfazmfwifjyjcif; ( ausmif;om;½Iaxmifrh S ajzjyxm;onf ) vnf; rnfygayonf/ em;tMum; tm½ku H kd azsmaf jzEdik pf rG ;f ½So
d nfh
]edAmÁ efaqmf}onf odyaHÜ rmif0\ pmwrf;i,f wpfy'k f tjyif taMumif;rJ?h teuf t"dymÜ ,frhJ jrnfoaH y;aejcif; r[kwb f ?J
jzpfygonf/ pum;ajywGif t ½kPOf ;D jrefrmh&yf½mG "avhjzpfonfh ukodkvfta&; wpfaeYwmta&;\ tptwGuf EdI;aqmfonf
uvwufoEH iS hf edAmÁ efaqmf ukov kd jf yKoñfh trl t &mwduYk kd awGU rSmvnf; xif½mS ;vSygonf/
jrifEikd yf gonf/
xdaYk emufwiG f oabFmqdyo f Ykd xGuv f mcJ&h m qGr;f csuf
tcgumvrSm t½kPfOD;tcsed f jzpfygonf/ uvm;wuf EdkifMu&ef EdI;aqmfol 0wfjzLpifMu,f0wf edAÁmefaqmftzdk;tdkudk
tkef;armif;oHudk tm½HkjyKrdonfh xdkeHeufwGif armifvlat;onf jrifawGU&jyefonf/ vufwiG f aMu;pnfuikd q f xJG m;vsu/f EIwrf S
Xmetvkyfwm0efjzifh ( jrefrmjymom½GmodkY ) c&D;oGm;&ef ½Sdonf/ om,m MunfEl;zG,f ½Gwfqdkvmvsuf/ aMu;pnfoH ]]aemif -
oab b mF qdyof Ykd ig;em&DtrD qif;Edik &f ef eHeufapmapm av;em&DwiG f aemif}}ay;vsu/f xdo k Ykd BuKH awGUpOf armifval t;u -
tdyf&mxum rsuEf mS opfavonf/ ]]..olwum\ tusKd;twGuf aqmif½Gufaeay\/
xdpk Of teD;tem;½Sd bke;f Bu;D ausmif;rS uvm;wufou H kd aumif;aypG/ aumif;aypG/ om"k/ om"k/ xdktcdkuf
Mum;&onf/ ueOD;wGif toHrSm cyfav;av;/ xdkYaemuf xdktcsdefü xdkolwGif raumif;aom pdwfxm;
wjznf;jznf; jrefí jrefí pdyfoGm;um &yfvdkuf\/ jyD;vQif ,cif ½Sdrnfr[kwf/ ......}}
Mum;&onfhtwdkif; av;aom toHrsm; jyefí ay:vmjyefonf/ ponfjzifh awG;q qifjcifvu kd rf o
d nf/
xdaYk emuf wpfcsuEf iS hf wpfcsuf qufomG ;jyefonf/ xdkYaemufwGif ywf0ef;usiff vrf;ol vrf;om;wdkY
]a'gif..a'gif...} [k Mum;&onfh om,maom uvwuf Edk;xvmMuyHk? qGrf;csuf&efjyifyHk? bk&m;0wfjyKMuyHk ponfh
oHukd em;t&omcHum armifval t; MunfE;l pdwjf zifh awG;onf/ ouf0ifvKS y½f mS ; vmMuonfh jrefrmheeH ufcif;½d;k &m"avhwu
Ykd kd jrif&
uvwufo\ H EdI;aqmfEdkifpGrf; ½SdyHkudk awG;aerdjcif; jzpfonf/ awGU&avawmhonf/ xdt k rlt&m tm;vH;k wdo Yk nf aumif;rIrsm;yif
]]tdk owå0g taygif;wdkY? xMuavmh? xMuavmh/ jzpfonf/ xdak Mumifh armifval t; qifjcifrjd yefonfrmS -
aerif;BuD;udk xí zl;ajrmfMuygukefavmh/ .......}} ]]......olwdkY\ toHudk Mum;&aomaMumifh
ponfjzifh qdkaeoa,mif wdkufwGef;aeoa,mif t"dyÜm,f tdrfazmufxGif;&ef BuHpnfaeMuaomolwdkY tdrfjyefMuavNyD/}}
azmfaerdonf/ ]]xdktoHrsm; u,faomaMumifhom axmifEIwfcrf;odkY
]].......... tdyfaejcif;u tusKd;r½Sd? usef;rmjcif;udkvnf; a&muf NyD;rS axmifxJodkY ra&mufbJ ½Sdavonf/}}
r&}} [lí jzpfonf/ wefz;kd xm;tyfonhf jrefrmh½;kd &m csppf &m "avhrsm;
]]tdk owå0gtaygif;wdkY td y f & mrSxí tvkyfcGifodkY tjzpf awG;awm qifjcifr[ d ef½ydS gonf/
xdok Ykd awG;&if; vSr;f vm&m xdo
k m,maom toHwrYkd mS (12) td r f a ½S U ud k , f a wmf B uD ;
a0;í a0;í usev f su/f armifval t;rSm jrpfqyd q
f o
D Ykd vSr;f vm (udak ESmif;) aeol&ed (f r[maqG)
vsuf/ jrpfbufrS avjynfuav;uvnf; wdkufcyfvsuf/
þtcgrsKd;udk rBuHKzl;olonf vljzpfusKd;reyf[lí pOf;pm;&if; pma&;q&mBuD;r[maqG/
armifval t; oabmFqyd o f Ykd a&mufav\/ OD ; b½S d e f ? ppf u d k i f ; Zmwd / rEÅ a v; q&mtwwf o if
aemfrefausmif;rS q&mjzpfoifwef; atmifNyD; q&mtjzpf trIxrf;/
edAÁmefaqmf pum;ajywGif t½kPfOD; jrefrmh&yf½Gm olyek Bf u;D ? olyek Uf trd ?f wdaYk rar? ppfxu G o f ?l tusK;d aqmifBu;D
"avhwdkYudk þodkYvQif MunfEl;zG,f ESpfoufzG,f awGUEdkif ponfh ZmwdrmefvKHS aqmfaom 0w¬Krsm;udk a&;cJ/h ordik ;f aemufc0H w¬Krsm;
jrifEikd yf gownf;/ / teuf ]ppf ppfxGufol}onf pm pmqdak wmf e0a'; tw¬Kyw Ü u då kd tajccHxm;/
tvuFm 0w¬Krsm;wGif ]aps;csKo d }l ? ]ysKUdawmifNyKH ;}? ]0g0g0if;}wdrYk mS tcspEf iS hf
58
58/ a'giaf 'gif (jrnfopH )GJ vl r I j yK j yif a &;0w¬ K r sm; jzpf f / [mo0w¬ K r sm;ud k rG e f ; aomf w m
]edAÁmefaqmf}pum;ajywGif uvwufoH\ om,mBunfEl; uavmif t rnf vl i ,f w d k Y u d k aoG ; xd k ; vS H K aqmf a om
zG,f oabmudk pOf;pmcef; 0ifaeonhf armifvlat;\ tawG;.../ EdkifiHa&;aqmif;yg;rsm;udk ]aeol aeol & d e f }uavmif trnf0Sufjzifh a&;/
uvwufacgu&f mrS xGuaf ygonfh jrnfoH ]]a'giaf 'gi}f }.../ ]]zd k; 0ZD & }}\ tw¬ Ky Üw ådu dkv nf; jyKpkzl;/ 0w¬K½Snf 60 ausmf? 0w¬Kwdk
59/aemifaemif(jrnfopH )GJ 600 cefEY iS hf aqmif;yg;rsm;pGm/
....wGif eHeufapmtcg om,mMunfEl;zG,f BuHK&onfh tdrfa½SY udkfaESmif; aeaqGaqmif a qmif; ? b½Sdef raMumuf
armifval t;\ tawG;pum;tjzpf..../ MuD;yGm;aygif; ppf ol tdrf BuD; tusdK;aqmif; )
aMu;pnf wD ; cwf E d I ; aqmf & mrS xG u f a y:onf h j rnf o H (pmqdk e0a';ppfxGufol-aeol-aeol)
]aemifaemif}ud.k ./
60/ aerif;\a½SUawmfajy; (0uF0kwåd)
.......wG i f uvwuf o H ? aMu;pnf o H E S i f h ed A Á m ef a qmf ar;cGef; 4/(u)ar;cGef;wdk twGuf avhvm&ef pHjyKar;cGef;rsm;
\EI;d aqmfow H Ykd r*Fvm½Syd u kH kd azmfneG ;f onfh armifval t;\ tawG;tjrif.../ 1/ aeol½def\ Zmwdudk ajzyg/
aerif;tvif;a&mif xGufay:vmrnfhtaMumif; 2/ Zmwdrmef aqif;yg;rsm;udk rnfonfh r*¾Zif;wGif a&;cJhoenf;/
r*Fvm owif;ay; wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfonfhtoHrsm;[k wdkuf½dkuf ...... / 3/ pp f x G u f o l ^ ol y k e f B uD ; ôl y k e f Y t d r f ^ tusd K ;aqmif B uD ; ud k
61/ iSufqdk;oHuJUodkU (Oyrm) rnfoal &;oenf;/
....wGif ukodkvfa&;EdI;aqmfoHrsm;u raumif;rSKjyKvdkoludk 4/ r[maqG\ ZmwdrmefvIHYaqmfaom 0w¬Kwpfyk'fudk azmfjyyg/
wm;qD;&ma&mufapaMumif; armifvlat;\ tawG;..../ 5/ [mo0w¬Krsm;udk rnfonfh uavmiftrnfjzifh a&;oenf;/
ukov kd af &;EI;d aqmfou H raumif;pdwu f kd aysmufu, G af pyHk 6/ aeol&def^ r[maqGonf rnfol\ tw¬KyÜwådudk jyKplzl;oenf;/
(tEIdif;cH)ud k iSufqdk;oH(tEIdif;)ESES i f h wm;jrpfydwfyifaom oammm½SdyHk 7/ ud ,
k af wmfBu;D \ a&jrKS yAf ;kH ayguu f o JG o H nf rnfrQ jrnf[ed ;f oenf;/
*kP&f nfwt l jzpf cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;ojzifh OyrmtvuFmajrmufygonf/ 8/ ud, k af wmfBu;D onf rnfonfv h ufeufwu Ykd kd pDrjH yKvyk Ef ikd cf o
hJ enf;/
62/ axmifEIwfcrf;odkUa&muf(0uF0kwåd) 9/ ud k
v d
ke D
a cwf w G
i f uavmif r nf 0 S
u f
, l
u m Zmwd r mef vS KH
U aqmf onfh
..... wGi.f ............( txufutwdik ;f )/ aqmif ;yg ;rs m ;ud k a&;cJ o
h l emrnf a us mf pma&;q&mwpf O;
D rS
m rnf oel nf;/
(ukodkvfa&;EId;aqmfoHudk rMum;rDu) raumif;BuHaMumifh arcGef; 4/(c) twGuf avhvm avhusifh ajzqdk jyifqifxm;&ef ar;cGef;
&mZ0wfoifrh nfh ab;eD;pyfaeonf [k wdu k ½f u
kd rf qdbk J ] ............}[k..../ a[mif;rsm;
63/ uvwufoHuJhodkY ( Oyrm ) 1/ td r f a ½S U ud k , f a wmf B uD ; \ pd w f " mwf u d k azmf x k w f y g/
wGi.f .............. ( txufutwdik ;f ) / ^tdraf ½SUu, kd af wmfBu;D \pdw"f mwfEiS hf BuKd ;yrf;rIukd wifjyyg/ ^ vuf½;kH &nf
edAÁmefaqmf\ aMu;pnfoH (tEdIif;cH)ud k uvwufoH ES v H k ; &nf r sm;ud k *k P f , l z G , f aumif ; atmif a&;om;ajzqd k y g/
(tEIid ;f )ESES i f h r*Fvm½Spd mG Ed;I aqmfrjI yKwwfykH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf cdik Ef iId ;f ..../ ^t&nftcsif;ESifh pdwfxm;udk ay:vGifatmif wifjyyg/ ^ pdwf"mwfESifh
64/ wm0ef0g;jcrf; (½lyu) pGr;f &nfowåu d kd azmfxw k w f ifjyyg/
.....wGif ttdyfrufol armifvlat; vkyfief;wm0eft& 2/ ..rS &½Sdaom rSwfom;zG,f&mrsm;udk azmfxkwfyg/ ^rSwfom;zG,f&m
eHeufapmapm tdyf&mxjzpf&onfh taMumif; ed'gef;ysdK;&mü ../ okwtjzmjzmudk avhvmwifjyyg/(11 EdkifiHjcm;)
emcHapatmif zdtm;ay;EdI;aqmfwwfonfh 3/ ..t& tdrfa½SUudk,fawmfBu?D;\ BudK;yrf;rIrsm;onf twk,lzG,f
*kP&f nfwt l jzpf wm0ef( tEIid ;f cH)ES ihf 0g;jcrf;(tEdiI ;f )wk wkdUudk xyfwjl yK jzpfygovm;/ oH;k oyfajzqdyk g/
xm;aomaMumif.h .../ 4/ ...rS cHpm;&aom &oESihf todtjrifrsm;udk avhvmwifjyyg/
ar;cGef;½Snf ajzqdkyHkerlem/ avhvmyg/ ud, k af wmfBu;D onf vufeufwx D iG f xkwv
P149
f yk Ef idk af &;
ar;/ / ...rS cH p m;&aom &oES i f h tod t jrif r sm;ud k wGif ud, k w f ikd f ud, k u f s 0D&, d pdu k xf w k of nf/ taemufEidk if rH S
avhvmwifjyyg/ vufeufwu Ykd kd erlem,lum ½dik zf ,faoewf? AxufcsKd uaf oewf?
tdrfa½SUudk,fawmfBuD;rS cHpm;&onfh &oESifh todtjrif AH ;
k vuf e uf w u
Ykd kd wDxiG yf rkH mS vnf; 0D&&o yGm;zG,yf if/
a&jrKS yAf ;kH azmufcrGJ u I kd atmifyifv,fuefwiG f prf;oyf
]tdraf ½SUu, kd af wmfBu;D }onf Zmwdrmefpmqdk r[maqG\
atmifjrif&m ud, k af wmfBu;D \ 0rf;ajrmuftm;wufyu kH kd -
aqmif;yg; wpfy'k jf zpfonf/ udv k ekd aD cwf Bu;D yGm;a&;r*¾Zif;wGif
]]&efolawG wdkYudk wdkufr,fqdk&if a&vrf;u
aeol&defuavmiftrnfjzifh raMumufw&m;aqmif;yg;rsm;udk
oabFmESifhom vmEdkifwm/ 'grsKd; jrpfaMumif;u
a&;om; vSKH Uaqmfc&hJ m ,if;rS xkwEf w k xf m;jcif; jzpfygonf/
qdkYxm;&if bmwwfEkd ifrSmvJ}}
aqmif ; yg;wG i f wd k i f ; jynf vG w f v yf a &;twG u f ]]uGm... ZrÁL'DygrSm jrefrmudk Ekdifrnfhvl ray:ao;ygbl;}}
ppf r uf v uf e uf vuf ½ H k ; pG r f ; &nf jznf h q nf ; jrS i f h w if z d k Y ponfjzifh awGUEikd o f nf/ ud, k af wmfBu;D \ Zmwdrmef xufoefyu kH k d
vdt k yfaMumif;udk - odjrif&onfrmS *kP, f t l m;usz, G f jzpfvyS gonf/
]]........tMuifEkdifiHonf ppfom;jzpf\/ vufeufr½Sd
taemufwikd ;f odYk ynmawmfoif vli,frsm;
aecJhtHh/ olYuRef rjzpfao;aomf wpfaeYaeY jzpfvwåHU/
(ta,muf ½Spfq,f) apvTwf&müvnf; ÚmPf&nf xufjruf
jzpfcJhaomf vGwfvyfa&;ESifh a0;vwåHU/}}
onfomru t&yftjrifh ajcmufayausmo f l jzpfatmif a½G;cs,f
ponf j zif h awG U E d k i f o nf / þazmf j ycsuf w d k Y w G i f jynf y &ef
onf/ wdik ;f wpfyg;wd\ Yk txiftjrifao;rI rjzpfap&ef ajrmfjrif
umuG,af &;twGuf rnfojYkdyifqif tm;xkwt f yfaMumif; todtjrif
pDpOfjcif;jzpfonf/ tHMh ocs;D usL;zG,f vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;tjzpf
yGm;&ygonf/
odjrif&ojzifh tAÇKw&oudk cHpm;&ygonf/
pHjyKtwk,lzG,ftjzpf rif;wkef;rif;\ nDawmft&if;
xdaYk Mumifh a½S;jrefrmBu;D wdu Yk ud, k af wmfBu;D om tao
jzpfaom uaemifrif;(tdraf ½SUu, kd af wmfBu;D )\ pGr;f aqmifcsuf tcsKUdukd
rapmvQif jrefrmwdYk vGwv f yfa&;(txufjrefrmjynf) rqH;k ½I;H Ekid [ f k
qifvuf awGUjrifEikd o f nf/ uaemifrif;onf -
,lqtm;ud;k MuyHu k v kd nf; odjrif&ygonf/ t&if;½Sief ,fcsUJ wo Ykd nf
]]igwdkY vufeuf r½Sdí olrsm;atmufuscH&onf}}
ppfp&dwu f mrdro S m Ekid if , H wf pfcu k kd odr;f ydu k rf nfjzpf&m rsm;pGm
[k qdu k m vufeufvyk af omtwwfynmudk taemuf wdik ;f jynf
tcufBuKH rnf[k wGuq f jyxm;onfrmS vnf; qifjcifz, G yf if/
rsm;odkY ynmoif apvTwfcJhonf/
aqmif;yg;ed*Hk;wGif vli,frsm; acwfrD twwfrsKd;pHk
aqmif;yg;wGif ud, k af wmfBu;D \ tpDtrHjzifh rEÅav;
wwf&ef vdt k yfaMumif;? um,Av zHUG NzKd ;a&;ESifh ppftwwfrsm;udk
NrKdUwGif yef;uefpuf? ydwfpuf? aumfaZmpuf paom acwfrD
oif,loifhaMumif;? ppfom; r½Sdaomwdkif;jynfonf wkduf&nf
puf½Hkaygif; ig;q,f ausmf ay:xGef;apcJhyHk? ppfudkif;(ppfudkif;
cdu
k &f nfvnf; rJ?h ckcH umuG,Ef ikd pf rG ;f vnf; r½So d nfh tjzpfrsK;d
blwma[mif; teD;)wGif vufeuf puf½w kH pf½?kH rEÅav;('dik ,f mrD
BuKH &Ekid af Mumif;? taysmt f yg;udk wef;csw d uf m jyKjyif BuKd ;pm;tm;
uifAsppf uf½akH e&m)wGif vufeufpuf½kH wpf½kH aqmufvyk Ef ikd yf ?kH
xkwMf uzdYk vdak Mumif;udv k nf;-
jrefrmpufq&mwdjYk zifh NrKd iNf rKd iqf ikd qf ikd f jzpfapcJyh rkH sm;udk azmfjyxm;&m
]]...... igwdkY vlrsKd;onf olrsm;udk t½HIay;vdkaom
0rf;ajrmufru d m 0D&&oyGm;cJyh gonf/
vlrsKd;r[kwf/ aoG;eufatmif jyKjyifMuavmh/}}
þwGif acwfaemufusaeaom trdwikd ;f jynftwGuf ponfjzifh aqmif;yg;½Siu f wdu k w f eG ;f xm;onf/ þtcsurf mS
xdpk Of uyif pufrEI ikd if t H jzpfoYkd arQmrf eS ;f tm;xkwcf o hJ nfrsm;udk ,aeYacwf uREykf w f Ykd vli,frsm;udyk g todtjrif ay;xm;onfh
odjrif&onf/ ]a½S;jrefrmwdo Yk nf rsupf yd w d ef m;ydwf r[kwcf }hJ [k tvm; ½So d nf/
qifjcifawG;qrdum pdwt f m;wuf<urIjzifh 0D&&o cHpm;&ygonf/
]td r f a ½S U u d k , f a wmf B uD ; }aqmif ; yg;wG i f Zmwd r mef
tdraf ½SUu,kd af wmfBu;D \ pdwx f m;udv k nf; twk,zl , G t
f jzpf rSwof m;
&ifo h efz, G f okwtodtjrifEiS hf &ocHpm;rIrsm; yGm;rsm;&½Syd gaMumif;
odjrifvm&ygonf/
avhvmajzqdk tyfygownf;/ /

Q
tdraf ½SUud,
k af wmfBuD;\ BudK;yrf;rI twk,zl ,
G f jzpfykH onf/ taemufEidk if rH S vufeufwu Ykd kd erlem,lum ½dik zf ,faoewf?
]tdraf ½SUu, kd af wmfBu;D }onf Zmwdrmefpmqdk r[maqG\ AxufcsdKufaoewf? AHk;vufeufwdkYudk wDxGifyHkwdkYudk odjrif&
aqmif;yg; wpfy'k jf zpfonf/ udv k ekd aD cwf Bu;D yGm;a&;r*¾Zif;wGif onfrSmvnf; 0D&&oyGm;onfh tjyif Zmwdrmefwuf<uzG,f
uavmiftrnf aeol&defjzifh raMumufw&m;aqmif;yg;rsm;udk jzpf&ygonf/
a&;om; vSKH Uaqmfc&hJ m ,if;rS xkwEf w k x f m;jcif; jzpfygonf/ a&jrKS yAf ;kH azmufcrGJ u
I kd atmifyifv,fuefwiG f prf;oyf
aqmif;yg;wGif vufeuf vuf½Hk;tpGrf;\ vTrf;rdk; atmifjrif&m ud, k af wmfBu;D \ 0rf;ajrmuftm;wufyu kH kd -
]]&efolawG wdkYudk wdkufr,fqdk&if a&vrf;u
Edkifaom oabmudk OD;pGm odjrifEdkifonf/ wdik ;f jynf vGwv f yfa&;
twGuf ppfrufvufeuf vuf½;kH pGr;f &nf jznfq h nf; jriS w hf ifzYkd oabFmESifhom vmEdkifwm/ 'grsKd; jrpfaMumif;u
qdkYxm;&if bmwwfEkd ifrSmvJ}}
trSeyf if vdt k yfcyhJ gonf/
]]uGm... ZrÁL'DygrSm jrefrmudk Ekdifrnfhvl ray:ao;ygbl;}}
þwG i f rif ; wk e f ; rif ; \ nD a wmf t &if ; jzpf a om ponfjzifh awGUEikd o f nf/ ud, k af wmfBu;D \ Zmwdrmef xufoefyu kH k d
uaemifrif; (tdraf ½SUu, kd af wmfBu;D )\ BuKd ;yrf;pGr;f aqmifrw I u Ykd kd pHjyK odjrif&onfrmS *kP, f tl m;usz, G f jzpfvyS gonf/
twk,zl , G t f jzpf qufvufavhvm&ygonf/
taemuf w d k i f ; od k Y ynmawmf o if v l i ,f ½S p f q ,f
aemifawmfyk*Hrif;vufxufwGif wdkif;jynfwpf0uf apvTwf&müyif ÚmPf&nf xufjrufonfomru t&yftjrifh
t*Fvyd f vufatmuf usa&mufc&hJ m yk*rH if;ü wm0ef½o dS nf[k ajcmufayausmfol jzpfatmif a½G;cs,fonf/ wdkif;wpfyg;wdkY\
oH;k oyfvsuf jywfom;aom pdw"f mwfjzifh wdik ;f jynfta&;twGuf txiftjrifao;rI rjzpfap&ef ajrmfjrifum tao;trTm;utp
aemifawmf rif;wke;f rif; eef;wufEikd af tmif pDrcH jhJ cif;rSm av;pm;zG,f tav;xm;yHrk mS vnf; tHMh ocs;D usL; twk,zl , G yf if/
jzpfygonf/
xdaYk Mumifh uk, d af wmfBu;D om uHrukeaf o;vQif t*Fvyd w f Ykd
tdrfa½SU jzpfvmonfwGif udk,fhtrsKd;om;a&;udkom txufjrefrmjynfukd odr;f ,lzYkd rsm;pGmtcufBuKH rnf[k xdak cwfu
tm½Hpk u kd o f nf/ yd#uwfusr;f wwf jzpfaomfvnf; ukov kd af &;? wGuq f Muygonf/
avmukwå&ma&;xuf trsKd;om;a&;udk tm½HkpdkufcJhaMumif;
od&ygonf/ trsm;jynfol wdik ;f Edik if H ta&;udk tav;ay;aom udk,fawmfBuD;\ BudK;yrf;rI (pGrf;aqmifrI vkyfaqmifcsuf
pdw"f mwfjzpfí twk,zl , G yf if/ wdik ;f udsK;jynfjyK aqmif½uG cf suf hhhh )wdo Yk nf ( vli,frsm;twGuf )
xdak cwf wdik ;f Edik if t
H wGuf olo Y ;kH oyfcsurf mS - twk,zl , G f jzpfaMumif; xif½mS ;vSygawmhownf;/ /
]]igwdkY vufeuf r½Sdí olrsm;atmufuscH&onf}} ^^trdwikd ;f jynfukd umuG,af pmifha½SmufEikd zf Ykd ? acwfrD wd;k wufzYkd twGuf
[laom oabmxm;jzpfonf/ tdrfa½SUudk,fawmfBuD;\ pdwf"mwfESifh pGrf;aqmifcsuf wdkYudk Munfndk av;pm;
csD;usL;zG,?f tm;& 0rf;ajrmuftwk,zl ,G f awUGUjrif&onf/ jrefrmudk urÇmu
odEYk iS hf vufeufvyk af omtwwfEiS hf acwfrpD ufrt I wwf txifrao;apzdYk tm;xkwcf hJ yHrk mS *kP,f zl ,G jf zpfayawmhownf;/ /
ynm&yfrsm;udk taemufwikd ;f jynfrsm;wGif oGm;a&muf qnf;yl;
oif,al pum rEÅav;NrKUd wiG f yef;uefpuf? ydwpf uf? aumfaZmpuf
paom acwfrD puf½Hkaygif; ig;q,fausmf ay:xGef;apcJhonf/ tvuFm
acwfaemuf uscahJ om jynfjrefrmudk acwfrpD ufrEI ikd if jH zpfatmif 65/ iSuyf so H vdk (Oyrm)
tm;xkwyf u kH kd odjrif&ojzifh tm;usryd gonf/ td r f a ½S U ud k , f a wmf B uD ; pum;ajywG i f a&jrS K yf A H k ;
ppfudkif;(ppfudkif;blwma[mif;teD;)wGif vufeuf prf ; oyf a zguf c G J atmif j rif y H k u d k pmqd k u azmf u sL;&mü
puf½Hkwpf½Hk? rEÅav;('dkif,mrDuifAspfpuf½Hkae&m)wGif vufeuf oH;k xm;ygonf/
puf½w kH pf½kH ay:xeG ;f apcJyh rkH mS vnf; tm;wufz, G f twk,zl , G f tprf ; oyf c H o r Á e f \ ysOf w d k y sOf p rsm;
BuKd ;yrf;rIrsm; jzpfygonf/ vG i f h y sH o G m ;&yH k ( tEd I i f ; cH ) ud k iS u f r sm; ysH 0 J y H k ( tEd I i f ; )ES i f h
ud, k af wmfBu;D onf vufeufwx D iG f xkwv f yk Ef idk af &; aumif;uifodkYwufyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf t jzpf cdkif;EdIif;xm;aom
wGif ud, k w f ikd f ud, k u
f s 0D&, d pduk xf w k f vkyaf qmifavh ½Sw d wfyg aMumifOh yrmtvuFm ajrmufygonf/
66/ rkd;Budk;tcsufaygif; odef;aomif; ypfcwfouJhodkY (38) cRyJ spf //rd;k uav;ndak epOfrmS yif aysmah ysmif;wDwmvSonfh
P151
(twdo,0kw)då wa,moHrmS vGr;f p&mjzpfatmif aeav\/
.... wGi.f ....................( 65 twdik ;f ajzyg )/ (39) 'H;k cH / / a&xrf ; orm;onf 0wf a eus
a&jrSKyfAHk;\ aygufuJGtm;jyif;xefonfudk omrefrQ csnMf urf;vHck snu f o kd m tvJtvS,rf xm; avonf/
rzJGUbJ...../
(40) ysmavmifcwf/ / rD;ab;jzpfay:pOf aeí rjzpfay/
67/ tm;wufyu GJ o
hJ Ukd (Oyrm)
(41) usDp,f / / jyuf & ,f j yK upm;Mu&mü wpf y g;ol
.......wGi.f ......( 65 twdik ;f ajzyg)/
onf;cHEikd f oa½GUrQom oifyh gonf/
AH k ; cG J p rf ; oyf & mod k U a&muf ½ S d M uyH k ( tEd I i f ; cH ) ud k
tm;wufzG,fyJGodkU a&muf½SdMuyHk(tEIdif;)ESifh tm;wufoa&m (42) topfusycf Rw/f / r i f ; w & m ; B u D ; eef;wuf
a&muf½SdMuyHk *kPf .............. / bdodufcH0wfpHktwGuf udkom pDpOfavh½Sdygonf/
68/ ajcaxmufEpS zf ufjywfaomwdik ;f jynf(0uF0w k )då (43) acsmufcsm; / / ausmif;ajy; wynfhonf twef;ydkif
....wG i f t em*wf E d k i f i H a wmf umuG , f a &;twG u f q&mESifh yufyif; qHkrd&m pdwfESvHk; oGm;ygonf/ (
vli,frsm; Edk;Mum; oifhyHkudk pmqdkuvIHUaqmf wdkufwGef;&mü pdwaf csmufcsm; r[kwf )
oH;k xm;ygonf/ (44)tmvmyov’my/ / oli,fcsif;a[mif;wdkY awGUqHkMuvQif
ppfonfESifh vufeuftiftm; csdKUwJhum ckcHpGrf;&nf tm;&0rf;om omjzpfum wdu
Yk kd ajymrukeaf wmhacs/
wdu k cf u
kd pf rG ;f &nf rJhonhw f ikd ;f jynf[k wku d ½f u
kd rf a&;bJ ]] .... }} (45) ,dkY / / ½dkaoxdkufolrsm;\ a½SUteD;tyg;ü udk,fudk
[k oG,0f u kd .f ..../ rwfrxm;bxm;bJ í oGm;&ygrnf/
(46) uGr;f awmifuikd f //vHrk av;onf jzpfonfh tavsmuf
0guszJGUavhusifhcef;rsm; qufvufavhvmcsuf ½Siaf vmif;vSnyhf w GJ iG f trsdK;orD;wef;xdyfü ae&m,l&avonf/
( pm-126 ü 0guszJGU avhusifhcef;rsm; 1 rS 29 txd ajzjyxm;ygw,f/ ) (47) rkcf // uREyfk w f \Ykd tdr&f m0if;odYk ajrmufzufNrKd U OD; rSvnf;
30
(30
30) usdK;EGH / / rdbq&mwkdYtay: ygu xdkolonf 0ifvmEdik yf gonf/
*g&0 ½Sdol jzpf&ayrnf/ ( *g&0 )
(48) y&dwt f ;kd / / xJrS y&dwfa&&udk aomufo;kH vQif
(31) rmefrme / / qD;oD;onf rAsKdi;f onf olaX;rjzpfoGm;NyD; ab;uif;apaom tusdK;tmedoifukd &½SEd ikd yf gonf/ (y&dwaf &)
aemufwGif xm;um pdwfjrifh oGm;avonf/ ( pdwjf rifh )
(49) pum;zm / / ajymrd N yD ; aom pum;trS m ;twG u f
(32) ed0gw / / ol a X;rjzpf o G m ;ol rAsd K if ; onf ajyvnfatmif jyefvn nf &onfrmS rsuEf mS ylp&m jzpf\/
rmefwufoGm;;onfh tavsmuf [laom usi0hf wfuykd if
rjyKwwfawmhay/ (50) tuGufus / / q&mBuD; OD;zdk;usm;onf olY0w¬Krsm;wGif
a0g[m&wdu Yk kd atmif oH;k xm;&m oabm xdrdvyS gonf/
(33) or / / pwk r "k w G i f &omav;yg;wd k Y u d k
tydktuJr½SdapbJ aumif;pGm xm;onf [k qdyk gonf/ (51) a&omckd / / tcG i f h t a&;orm; OD ; uwf z J h o nf
vkyt f m;ay;yJüG ryg0ifbJ aeavh ½Sdygonf/
(34) r@yf / / ESpfopful; twmyJG qifEGJ&eeftwGuf
vrf;xdyüf a&obif udk aqmufaeMuonf/ (52) Nred af &½S½S u fa& / /qmavmif r G w f o d y f a epOf pd w f B ud K uf
[if;vsmESihf BuKH ojzifh avG;cJo h nf/
(35) uifyeG ;f wyf / / &ifaoG;i,fudk trnf a y;Muaom
tcrf;tem;ü acgi;f aq;r*FvmjyKNy;D rS avh½ydS gonf/ (53) rsurf ek ;f usKd ; / / trsm;qdkifaiGrsm;udk tvG J o H k ; oG m ;o ;ol
OD;yefumudk ESpo f uforl ½Sb d J tm;vH;k u oGm;Muygonf/
(36) avmuGwfacsmf// {nfhcHyJGwGif *kPfBuD;oludk .
wwfMuonfrmS usef{nfhonfrsm;udk tm;emp&m jzpf\/ (54) &yfcH // wnfcgp NrKd UopfwiG f [lí rawGU&bJ tm;vH;k vdv k kd
vlopfrsm; sm;om jzpfaeawmhonf/
(37) wpfywfErG ;f / / csKUdwo
hJ l vHrk av;onf ,cif½x dS m;Ny;D udk
taumif;xm;0wfí tvSLvm&½Smygonf/ (55) csHK;csHK;csûs / / ajzrqnf E d k i f a tmif cH p m;&onf h t cg
rcsKyfxdef; Edkiaf wmhbJ idrk w
d wfMuygonf/ aps;xJ½dS qkid cf rkH sm; txdik yf suu f m ukefavonf/
(56) pdwaf csmufcsm; / ausmif;ajy;rdaom wynfo h nf twef;ydik f (72) rcsd / / ud, k thf ½Sif ESpyf g; ygawmfro l nfukd ud, k af wGU jrifol
q&mESihf yufyif;BuKH &m oGm;avownf;/ ( acsmufcsm; jrefrmjynfow l Ukd rmS &if0,f awmhay/
r[kw)f (73) rSek rf rDS ekS rf mT ; / / awmifolBuD; ,mxJrS jyefa&mufcsdef
(57) "e½Sif / / udkvdkeDacwfwGif t&if;½Sif pepfonf aemufusojzifh tvif;a&mifrmS rQom use½f adS wmhonf
wku Yd kd rlvxufyrkd kd <u,f0atmif axmufuefay;cJah vonf/ (74) uvwuf / / ½GmOD;ausmif;rS ES d K ;aqmf wD ; acguf
(58) 0HomEk/ / trsK;d om;a&;twGuf t*Fvyd ef ,fcsUJ ukd qefu Y sio f l vduk o
f nfh \ jrnfoH tqH;k rSmyif vif;Muuf wGeaf vonf/
&[ef;tmZmenf OD;0dpm&tm; wpfyg;tjzpf *kP, f l (75) edAmÁ efaqmf / / uvwuftek ;f armif;oH aemufwiG f
avpm;cJMh u\/ uvnf; qGrf;csuf&ef aqmfMoav\/
(59) aocef;½Sifcef;jywf/ / om;qd;k ? orD;qdk;yif jzpfaomfvnf; (76) ya,m* / / trdu I u f if; oef½Y iS ;f rD;wdik rf sm;vif;aeaom
trdwrYkd mS atmif ypfxm;avh r½Sb d J oHa,mZOf wG,af ewwf\/ aus;Zl;rSm vrf;om,ma&;aumfrwD\ aMumifhjzpfonf/
(60) *dP k ;f *P / / wpfukd,fawmf vlqdk;BuD;rdk;oD;onf (77) pD;jzef; / / zGm;zGm;onf bk&m;½Sdcdk; onfomru
rnfonfh wGirf Qyg0ifa&maESmjcif; rjyK[k ausmaf pm pmoljzpfonf/ w&m;pmwdu Yk v kd nf; ESwk rf S tcsed jf ynfY aewwfygonf/
(61) uReef if;jym;pdw/f / tmPmjzifh zdEydS o f al tmufwiG f .
.rsKd ;jzifh acgi;f iHck aH eolrsm;½Swd wfonfrmS "r®wmyif/
(62) "gwfod / / pD;yGm;NydKifzufESpfOD;rSm rsm;jzpfí usefao;wJh oifcef;pmwdkY&JU0guszJGU avhusifhcef;rsm;udk
wpfOD;\ tBuHudk wpfOD; BudK jrifMuavonf/
pm 165 wTif qufvuf ajzjyxm;ygw,f/
(63) umrd / / olY0ifaiGonf toH;k p&dwu f kd onfhtjyiif
ay;urf; vSL'ge;f Edik af vonf/
(64) wpfceJ uf / / atmif y J G & jref r mabmvH k ; toif ; ud k
uav;vlBu;D rusef BudKqdkMuygonf/
(65) rdkuf½l;&J / / awG;ac: ajrmfjrifEdkifonfh tod y nm
Bu;D olwUkd onf trSKudk rjyKwwfMuyg/ ( emr0daooe ) a,musfm;wdkY\ Opöm...
(66) wef;csw d f / / t*wdvdkufpm;vdkolonf ta&;w,l a,musfm;wdkY\ Opömum; twwfynmwnf;/ ynmqnf;yl; yef;odkYcl;/
jyKay;&rnft h vkyw f m0efuykd if vTzJ ,fum xm;wwf/\ ynmr½dS ol\ 0efxrf;/ ynm½Smyrm olzkef;pm;/ ynmvdk tdkonfr½dS/
(67) vuf½Hk; / / vufa0SUorm; AvBu;D onf olY .
tusKd;cHpm;vdkvQSif...
tm;ud;k jzifh xd;k Buw d o
f wfyw k &f ef 0efrav;ay/
tusdK;cHpm;vdkvQif tusKd;jzpfaprnfh taMumif;udk jyK&\/
(68) vlc&m / / rde;f rpdwaf yguaf eolukd tm;ud;k xdu k of [l k
rjrifbJ [kom xifMuayvdrrhf nf/ pGJNrJjcif;...
(69) uHukef^qHk;yg; // wl a wmf a rmif w d k Y o wf j zwf r S K jzif h urÇmay:wGif pJGNrJjcif; avmuf wefcdk;BuD;aomt&m r½Sd/
uaemifrif;om;Bu;D &jcif; jzpfavonf/
(70) &ufcsKyf / / eu©wfaA'ifq&monf ar;jref;vmol\
arG;&uf azmfjyxm;aom udk Munfu h m wGucf suaf eonf/
(71) ajAmif;qef / / avqifEmS armif; 0ifarToGm;;aomaMumifh

*kPfxl;&rSwfydkYcscsufrsm; vG w f v yf a &;acwf P153
(13) t&m&mwGifus,f wdkYvli,f (apwemrGef0w¬K) ol&,
d uEÅd
[oFmwNrKd UZmwd/ OD;rifaemif a':0gEw k u
Ykd 1901 ckEpS zf mG ;/ trnf&if; OD;pdeb f ef;/ pdeaf ygausmif;? aq;wuúov kd /f
q&m0efbUGJ/ q,fih g;ESpu f p? aqmif;yg;rsm;? 0w¬Krsm;/ 0w¬Ka&;vdak omf pmtkyt f wGuf pmayAdrmefq&k / ol&, d r*¾Zif;? Bu;D yGm;a&;r*¾Zif;?
*E¦avmur*¾Zif;/
1/ ppfMuD;twGif; tm½Svli,f tpnf;t½Hk; Ouú| rSm rnfolenf;/ 2/ tm½Svil ,fw\Ykd *kP&f nfwpf&yfukd azmfjyyg/
3/ ol&d,uEÅdonf rnfonf pmtkyftwGuf pmayAdrmefqk &oenf;/ 4/ aqmif;yg;rsm; 0w¬Krsm;udk rnfonfh touft½G,u f
pwifa&;oenf;/
arcGe;f 4/(c) twGuf avhvm avhusihf ajzqdk jyifqifxm;&ef ar;cGe;f a[mif;rsm;
1/ t&m&mwGiu f s,f wdv Yk il ,fwiG f vli,frsm;\ apwemESihf aqmif½u G cf surf sm;udk rnfoaYkd &;zJUG xm;oenf;/
2/ ...&nf½, G cf suu f kd azmfjyí &nf½, G af y:viG af tmif rnfoYkd a&;zJUG xm;aMumif; wifjyyg/...vli,frsm;\ pdwx f m;tvSEiS v fh yk t
f m;tvSukd
rnfoYkd azmfjyxm;oenf;/ (pmqdk ½Iaxmih)f
3/ .....wGif vli,frsm;apwemESihf vkyt f m;tvSukd rnfoYkd awGU½&dS oenf;/ ...t& vli,frsm;\ pdwx f m;tvSEiS hf aqmif½u G cf suu f kd
*kPf,l av;pm; tm;uszG,f aumif;atmif a&;om;wifjyyg/^...rS tm½Svli,fwdkY\ pdwf"mwfESifh pGrf;aqmifcsufrsm;udk o½kyfazmf
wifjyyg/
t&m&mwGiu f s,f wdv Yk il ,frv S il ,fw\ Ykd apwemtvS ( pmqd½k aI xmihf )
]]t&m&mwGiu f s,f wdv Yk il ,f}}pum;ajyonf ol&, d uEÅ\ d apwemrGe0f w¬KrS xkwEf w k cf sujf zpfygonf/ pum;ajywGif 1943
ckEpS f pvif;NrKd U tm½Svil ,fzUGJ pnf;tNy;D vli,fw\ Ykd vkyt f m;tvSukd azmfusL; a&;om;xm;ygonf/
pum;ajy\ ed'ge;f ydik ;f wGif pvif;NrKd Uü ppfNy;D umv jzpfonfEiS t hf nD NrKd UjyKjyifa&; vkyif ef;&yfwu Ykd kd tm½Svil ,frsm; rnfoyYkd g0if
aqmif½u G Mf uonfukd tpysK;d xm;ygonf/
(tm½Svil ,fww Ykd iG f xif½mS ;jrifawGU&onfh *kPx f ;l 0daoowdrYk mS nDnw G jf cif;? wnfMunfjcif;? xd;k xGi;f ÚmPf&ifo h efjcif;? aygi;f oif;
qufqaH &; acsijH cif;? vdt k yfonfah e&mXmewdo Yk Ykd uln&D ef toif½h jdS cif; ponfwYkd jzpfaMumif;vnf; azmfjyxm;ygonf/)
xd*k P k &f nfwaYkd Mumifh -
]]jrifMu&ol rdbwdkYrSm vufzsm;cgum csD;rGrf;Mu&avonf}}
ponfjzifh ay:viG af tmifa&;om; wifjyxm;onf/
xdaYk emufwiG f Zmwfuu G af jymif;um apwemrGe0f w¬K\ ZmwfaqmifEpS Of ;D jzpfaom q&m0efuw kd ifE, G Ef iS ahf rnGew Yf EYkd pS Of ;D \
Zmwf½yk u f kd wifjyonf/ uqkev f twGi;f MunfE;l vGr;f qGwzf , G f &moDobm0½Safd eyH?k aq;pyfcef;wGif arnGefY vkyif ef;aqmif½u G af eyH?k
tm½Svli,f oDcsif;eHygwf(2)udk om,memaysmfzG,f oDqdkaeyHk? udw k ifE, G af &mufvmum ar;jref;pl;prf;yHw k uYkd kd Zmwfuu G f azmfum
a&;om;xm;ygonf/
þwGif tm½Svli,ftpnf;t½Hk;0if rdef;uav;? a,mufsm; av;wdkYrSm tpnf;t½Hk;wGif twla&maESm yg0ifaqmif½Guf
aeaomfvnf; vkyif ef;wm0efausyeG rf u I o kd m y"mejyKMuyH?k tcsi;f csi;f pnf;urf;xm;um ½dak oMu? apmifah ½SmufMu? ulnMD u pdwx f m;tvS
jzpfwnfaeMuyHw k u Ykd kd azmf u sL;sL;oGm;aMumif; awGU&ygonf/
pvif;NrKd U tm½Svil ,fwYkd vwfwavm aqmif½u G af eonfh vkyif ef;&yfwu Ykd kd udw
k ifE,
G Ef iS ahf rnGewYf Ykd tar;tajz jyKykH EIwt f rlt&m
tzJjG zifh o½kyaf zmfxm;ygonf/ udw k ifE, kG u
f ar;um arnGeu Yf jyefajzyHu k -kd
]]NrdKUxJu trdIufo½dkuf ½Sif;w,f/ aps;xJrSm at;usif; wl;ay;w,f/ awm½GmawGoGm;NyD; tcsKyftvkyfoifay;w,f/
'DuaeYnaeawmh 0ufonf;uefxJrSm aA'gyifawG q,fypfrvdkY q&m..}}
[lí a&;om;xm;aMumif; awGUeikd o f nf/
xdak eYnae 0ufonf;uef aA'gq,f vkyt f m;ay;yGJ jrifuiG ;f udk pmqdu k -
]..tcsKdUurl vnfyif;txd a&xJodkY qif;um (14) jrefrmpmta&;tom;wd;k wufapenf;
aA'gyifwdkYudk 0g;vHk;½Snfrsmjzifh odrf;pkvsuf....}
ponfjzifh o½kyaf zmfa&;zJUG xm;ygonf/ q&mBu;D \ a[majymcsuf aqmif;yg;wpfy'k f jzpfonf/
]]acR;w'D;'D;ESifh wukef;ukef; ?wtkef;tkef;? wvIyfvIyf? OD;azarmifwif
w½G½G? wa<u;a<u; waMumfaMumf? waysmfaysmf - 1888 zGm;/ tif;pde?f ayguaf wm&yf Zmwd/ trnf&if;armifwif/
wNyHK;NyHK; vkyfudkifaeMuol vli,fwdkYudk.........}} - &efuek w
f uúovkd wf iG f ygVb
d mom oif,Nl y;D 0dZmÆ bJUG &onf/
[líyif tm;&zG,af umif;atmif a&;om;xm;ygonf/ - umvuwåm; wuúodkvfrS r[m0dZÆmbGJUudk tvGwfajzqdk
0ufonf;uef aA'gq,f vkyt f m;ay; tm½Svil ,fw\ Ykd atmifjrif/
- touf 24 ESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfü ygVdygarmu© jzpfvmcJh/
vkyt f m;tvS apwemtvSwu Ykd kd txift½Sm; awGU jrif&apygonf/
- t *FvefEdkifiH? atm atmufpzdkY'f wuúodkvf? tdyfZdwmaumvdyfrS
xdaYk Mumifyh if q&m0efuw kd ifE, G uf 'gejyK cs;D ajrmS uf&jcif; pmay0dZÆm ( bD vpf )bJGU &/
jzpfavonf/ - trnf w l ½ S d a eí zcif t rnf OD ; az rS ]]az}}ud k ,l N yD ;
]t&mt&mwGifus,f wdkYvli,f} pum;ajyaumuf ]]azarmifwif}}[k trnfajymif;onf/
Ekwcf suw f iG f pvif;NrKd U tm½Svil ,fw\ Ykd apwemaqmif½u G cf suf - &efuek w f uúov kd w
f iG f ta½Sw
Y ikd ;f bmoEÅ& ygarmu©/
vk y f t m;tvS ^ ...........wd k Y u d k pmqd k o l & d , uEÅ d u þod k Y v Q i f - wuúov kd w f iG f jrefrmpmudk tqifjh rifjh rifh oifEidk af p&ef aqmif½u G cf /hJ
0D&&oEdI;um azmfusL;a&;om; xm;ygownf;/ / - jrefrmpm *kPx f ;l wef;? r[m0dZmÆ wef;rsm;udk OD;aqmifziG v hf pS af y;/
- &ef u k e f w uú o d k v f ausmif ; tk y f B uD ; ? &ef u k e f w uú o d k v f
t&m&mwGifus,frS tvuFmrsm; *k P f x l ; aqmif ygarmu©/ pmayqdkif&m tzJGUtpnf;rsm;wGif
69
69/ okóefwpjyiftvm; tvm;(Oyrm)^
t vm; (]okóefwpjyif uJhodkY = rdcifh.... ) wm0ef,/l
]]t&m&mwGifus,f wdkYvli,fpum;ajywGif}} urÇmol - &ef u k e f w uú o d k v f u csD ; jrS i f h a om * k P f x l ; a q m i f
urÇmom;wUdk ppfab;'PfcH&yHkudk pmqdku a0zefaxmufjy&mü yg&*lbJGUuv kd nf;&/
.../
ppfab;oifh&m urÇmajr(tEIdif;cH)ud k okóefwpjyif ygVEd iS hf jrefrmbmom pmayqdik &f m pmtkypf mwrf;ESihf aqmif;yg;rsm;?
(tEdiI ;f )ESihf vlaotavmif;rsm; pky&kH mae&mjzpfykH *kP&f nfwtjzp ltjzpf
t jzp vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;
cdkif;EdIif;xm;...../ 1/ jrefrmpmayorkid ;f ?
70/ ig;a>rxdk;ajcmufrawG(0uF0kwåd) 2/ jrefrm0gus zJUG x;kH usr;f ?
]]t&m&mwGiu f s,f wdv Yk il ,f pum;ajywGi}f } use;f rm 3/ jrefrmo'´g?
BucHh ikd rf I rJo
h l trsKd ;orD;tcsKd Uukd &nfñeT ;f ol q&m0efuw kd ifE, G .f ../ 4/ bmomavmuusrf;?
usef;rmBuHUcdkifa&; rvdkufpm;bJ ydefajcmufuyfaeaom 5/ jrefrm0w¬Kordik ;f tpESihf okawoepmwrf;rsm;?
trsdK;orD; rsm;[k wkduf½dkufrqdkbJ ].....}[k............/ 6/ jrefrmausmufpmusrf;rsm; jyKpkjcif;? rGefausmufpmrsm;udk?
jrefrmbmom jyefqdkjcif;? jrefrmpmayrsm;udk wnf;jzwfjcif;?
71/ ykwaf vmuf(Oyrm) 7/ acwfprf;pmay vIy½f mS ;rIukd acgi;f aqmif?
]]......}}wGif ud, k cf E¨m 0NzKd ;onfukd use;f rm MucH ikd af om
tvS [ k rqd k E d k i f a Mumif ; a0zef o nf h q&m0ef u d k w if E G , f \ 8/ acwfprf;uAsm? acwfprf;yHjk yifwu Ykd kd Bu;D Muyfxw k af 0/
pum;tjzpf .... / (wd;k wufapcsif azarmifwifrw S f
yk y k u G u G 0 0zd k i f h z d k i f h ½ S d a eyH k *k P f & nf w l t j z p f vGwv f yf tif;pdef ayguaf wm&yf )
raxG;aqG\(trsK;d orD; wpfO;D \) ud, k cf E¨m 0NzKd ;vGe;f yHk (tEdiI ;f cH)ud k
ykwfawmif;\toGif(tEIdkif;)ESifh../ ar;cGe;f 4/(u)ar;cGe;f wdk twGuf avhvm&ef pHjyKar;cGe;f rsm;
72/ wtkef;tkef; (jrnfopH )GJ (]ajAmwjAKef;jAKef;? wtkef;tkef;=rdwqdk;) 1/ rnfonhfpum;ajytzJGUyHkpHenf;/
]].....}}wGif aA'gq,f vkkyftm;ay;yJG tm;wuf<uzG,f 2/ OD;azarmifwif\ trnf&if;udk azmfjyyg/
ouf0ifvSKyf½Sm;yHkudk pmqdku azmf u sL;sL;&mwGif oHk;xm;ygonf/ 3/ 4if;onf rnfonft h ½G,w f iG f &efuek af umvdyüf ygVyd garmu©
tm½Svl i,frsm;\ vkyftm;ay;yJGrS pk½Hk;xGufay:oH jzpfvmoenf;/
]tkef;tkef;} udk xnfhoGif; a&;zJGUxm;aomaMumifh........../ 4/ jrefrmpm*kPx f ;l wef;^[m0dZmÆ wef;rsm;udk OD;aqmif zGiv hf pS o
f .l /
5/ acwfprf;uAsm? acwfprf;yHjk yifwu Ykd kd Bu;D Muyf xkwaf 0ol.../ tom; uGm;jcm;yHkudkvnf; ½Sif;jyao;onf/ vuFmqkdonfrSm
P155
6/ q&mBu;D udk &efuek w f uúov kd u f rnfonfb h UGJ cs;D jriS o
hf enf;/ tqifwefqm tvStyrQom jzpfí vlxEk iS hf uif;uGmwwfygonf
7/ q&mBuD;\ jrefrmbmompmay qdkif&m pmwpftkyf..../ [k aqG;aEG;onf omru rde;f rrsm; tqifwefqm qif,ifyEkH iS hf
8/ a½S;jrefrmwd\Yk pmta&;tom; ESprf sKd ;um; tb,fenf;/ vnf; Oyrmay; ½Si;f jyxm;ygonf/
9/ tif;0acwf\ xif½mS ;aom pum;ajyrSm rnfonfh pum;ajy pum;ajy\ tusK;d rSm aeYpOftvkyEf iS w hf o l jzifh vlwikd ;f ?
enf;/ vlwikd ;f wwfod em;vnfonfh aus;Zl;&Ekid af Mumif;udk q&mBu;D u-
10/ &mZ0ifausmu f kd rnfoal &;oenf;/ ]]pm;0wfaea&;twGuf tvkyf rvkyfbJ
11/ uAsmESi,hf OS v
f Qif pum;ajyonf rnfonft h usKd ;udk ay;oenf;/
raeEkdifonfh a,mufsm;ESifhwl....}}
12/ jrefrmpmta&;tom;wdk;wufapa&;\ ta&;tMuD;qHk;
tcsu.f ../ ponfjzifh cdik ;f EdiI ;f ½Si;f jyxm;ygonf/ ta&;yg t&ma&mufonfh
13/ jrefrmjynfoYkd yd#uwf oH;k yHak &muf½pdS Of jrefrmbmomodYk ususee *kPo f wåu d kd wifpm;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ þwGiv f nf; pum;ajy\
jyefqakd &;om;rSK rjyKro d jzifh tcsed rf nfrQ epfemoenf;/ tpGr;f owåu d kd ]use;f rmoefprG ;f awmifw h if;&efom vdak yonf
14/ OD;azarmifwif trnf ajymif;,lyu kH kd azmfjyyg/ }[k axmufjyxm;ygonf/
15/ jrefrm0w¬Kordik ;f tpESihf okawoe pmwrf;rsm;udk a&;ol.../ q&mBu;D onf uAsm\ tmedoifuv kd nf; ajymjyygao;
onf/ ta&;vnf; Bu;D aMumif;? El;vnf; El;nHaMumif;? ynmom;
arcGef; 4/(c) twGuf avhvm avhusifh ajzqdk jyifqifxm;&ef ar;cGef; vnf; ygaMumif;? vlwikd ;f vnf; ra&;Ekid af Mumif;? bmomjyef&efvnf;
a[mif;rsm; rvG,faMumif; xdkYaMumifh uAsmonf wefqmqifzdkYavmufom
1/ .......wdk;wufap&ef vkyfaqmifoifhaom tcsufrsm;udk a&;yg/ oifhavsmfaMumif; ponfjzifh a&;om;cJhonf/
^....wdk;wufapenf;udk rSwfom;zG,f a&;yg/ ^ vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;udk xdaYk emuf q&mBu;D onf pum;ajy a&;&mü ta&;ygq;kH
wifjyyg/ tcsut f jzpf uwåm;? 0gpu? uH rSerf eS f vd&k if; t"dymÜ ,fukd
2/ jref r mpmta&;tom;wd k ; wuf a p&ef pma&;ol u rnf o d k Y vG,v f ,G Ef iS hf em;vnfEikd q f ;kH a&;wwf&ef vrf;nGex f m;ygonf/
vrf;ñTex f m;oenf;/ ^..rS pma&;ol\ apwemudk ay:viG af tmif wifjyyg/ þwGif jrefrmpm ta&;tom; wd;k wufapa&;onf
ta&;Bu;D qH;k vdt k yfcsuf jzpfaMumif; tav;teuf qdx k m;onf/
jrefrmpmta&;tom; wd;k wufap&ef q&mBu;D u vrf;ñTeyf kH wdik jf ynfEiS v hf x l k Bu;D yGm;wd;k wuf&ef pum;ajyudk rsm;rsm;a&;MuzdYk
]jrefrmpm ta&;tom; wd;k wufapenf;}udk q&mBu;D vdkaMumif;qdkonf/ om"utjzpf t*Fvdyfpmayü tqifhqifh
OD;azarmifwifu a[majymcsuaf qmif;yg;jzifh vrf;ñTex f m;ygonf/ jyifqifrGrf;rHxm;onfh c&pf,mef or®musrf;pm pum;ajy
pum;ajy\ ed ' gef ; wG i f jref r mpmta&;tom; ta&;tom;onf taumif;qH;k jzpfaeonfukd owdjyKoifah Mumif;
wdk;wufapenf;udk q&m tBuHay;vdkonf[k qdkvdkufygonf/ axmufjyxm;ygonf/
xdaYk emufwiG f jrefrmpm ta&;tom;ESihf ywfoufí uAsmvuFmESihf þwGiv f nf; yk*aH cwfu yd#uwf oH;k yHu k kd bmomjyef
pum;ajy[lí ESprf sK;d cJjG cm;Edik yf ?kH yk*aH cwfwiG f Ak'o
¨ moem a&mufvmNyD &mwGif jrefrmpum;ajy oefo Y efjY zifh rjyefqckd rhJ jd cif;tay: q&mBu;D u-
jzpf a omf v nf ; yd # uwf oH k ; yH k u d k ygVd e d ó ,
bmomjyef a &;xd k ; enf ; jzif h o m jyef q d k c J h M uaomaMumif h ]]j]jrefrmpum;ajyrSm tESpf(700)avmuf ykyfoGm;...}}
jrefrmpum;ajyü tm;enf;cJhyHkwdkYudk qufvuf ñTefjyygonf/ [lí qef;ppfjyxm;ygonf/ pum;ajya&;zdYk tcGit hf a&;&onfukd
&,l t oH k ; rjyK o jzif h epf e mqH k ; ½I H ; cJ h a Mumif ; qef ; ppf j yxm;
xd k Y a emuf w G i f jref r mpmayü pum;ajyaumif ; jcif;jzpfygonf/ þ a[majymcsuf aqmif;yg;udk jyKppk Oftcgu
½Sm;yg;yHkwdkYudk- jrefrmjynfwGif bmomjyefvkyfief; ay:xGef;aecsdef jzpfygonf/
]..t&mxif usef&pfcJhonf [lí r½SdvSyg/ tav;xm; aecsd e f jzpf y gonf / xd k Y a Mumif h q&mBuD ; u
½Sifr[moDv0Ho a&;cJhonhf yg&m,e 0w¬KESifh xdt k zd;k wefaom tcGit hf a&;udk vufvw T rf cHbJ toH;k csMuyg[k
&mZ0ifausmfavmufom pum;ajyoufouf vli,f pmoifom;wdu Yk kd owday; vrf;ñTecf yhJ gonf/
a&;cJhonfudk awGU&ayonf/}}
[lí oH;k oyfjyxm;ygonf/ ,if ; od k Y jyef q d k a &;om;Mu&mü pum;vH k ;
ay:ay:viG v f iG Ef iS hf 0gus rrSm;atmif a&;oifah Mumif;? wefz;kd ½S½d dS
q&mBu;D onf vuFmta&;tom;ESihf pum;ajyta&; tav;teufxm;a&;ygrS aemifvm aemufom;rsm;twGuf tzd;k wef
Q
tusKd;rsm;rnf jzpfaMumif;? 0gusrsm;udk a&;wdkif; zwfwdkif; 76/ a,mufsm;wdUk ywf½u
kd Nf y;D tvSjyifouJo
Y (Ykd Oyrm) ( pum;csD;
txm;todk rSe?f rrSef txyfxyf zwfzYkd vdak Mumif;? a½S;pmay awGESifh uAsmqefqef pum;ajy a&;om;jcif;rsKd;rSm aumif;yifaumif;
pm&if;0if &mZ0ifusr;f ta&;awmfyu kH sr;f wdu
Yk kd yifvQif pum; jim;aomfvnf; .....)
toHk;tEIef; trSm;t,Gif; ½Sd? r½Sd tjypf½Sm a0zef wwfzdkY ]jref r mpmta&;tom;wd k ; wuf a penf ; }}}}wGif pum;ajy
vdktyfaMumif; rdrdwdkY tcsif;csif; a&;om; a0zefonfhtcgü ta&;tom;udk uAsmqefqef a&;om;rSK rjyKoifah Mumif; rdeq Yf o
kd nfh
q&mBuD;\ pum;wGif oHk;xm;ygonf/
tjypf½mS Edik zf oYkd nf t"du vdt
k yfcsuf jzpfaomfvnf; w&m;ojzifh
om jyKoifMh uaMumif; ponfjzifh vufawGU aqmif½u G u
f sio
hf ;kH &rnfh MuHcdkifaom tpGrf; ,kwfavsmYapyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf t jzpf
enf;pOfwu Ykd kd vrf;jy a&;om;xm;ygonf/ pum;ajyudkuAsmqefqefa&;xm;yH(k tEIid ;f cH)udk a,musmf ;wdyYk wf½u dk f
tvSjyifxm;yHk(tEIdif;)ESifh .............../
jrefrmpm ta&;tom;wd;k wufapenf; a[majymcsuf
aqmif;yg;wGif jrefrmpm ta&;tom; wd;k wufap&ef vkyaf qmifoifh 77/ tESpf 700 avmufyyk (f 0uF0w
k )då ( jrefrmpum;ajy tESpf
aom tcsufrsm;udk q&mBuD;u þodkYvQif vrf;nTefa&; 700 avmufykyfoGm;ouJhodkY jzpf&ygonf...)
om;xm;ygownf;/ ]]....}}wGif jrefrmpmay ordkif;wGif pum;ajy toHk;jyKrSK
tm;enf;aMumif; a0zefonfh q&mBu;D \ pum;wGif oH;k xm;ygonf/
(yd#uwfoHk;yHk a&muf½SdpOfumvuyif) jrefrmpum;ajy wdk;wuf
jrefrmpmta&;tom; wd;k wufapenf;rS tvuFmrsm; oif y
h gv su f aESmifah ES;cJ&h onf[k wdu k ½f u
kd rf qdb
k J ]].....}}[k oG,0f ukd f
73
73/ aeUpOftvkyEf iS w hf (l Oyrm) (pum;ajyrSm aeYpOftvkyfESifhwlojzifh ...../
vlwdkif; wwfodem;vnfEdkifonfh tusKd;½Sdayonf/ )
( tESpf 700 avmuf rSmygwJh avmuf qdwk m ocsFmypön;f yg/ cdik ;f EdiI ;f pum;
]]..........]]wGif pum;ajyonf aeUpOfb0udk vufawGU tjzpf oHk;xm;jcif;r[kwfyg/ ykyfoGm;ouJhodkY rSmygwJh ouJhodkYqdkwmvnf;
tusdK;jyKaMumif; q&mBuD;aqG;aEG;rdefUqdk&mü oHk;xm;ygonf/ tEdiI ;f pum;taejzifh oH;k xm;jcif;r[kwbf J ykyof nf qdwk hJ Bud,mudak xmufyhH xm;jcif;om
jzpfygw,f )
vufawGUb0udk wdu k ½f ukd t f usKd ;jyKykH *kP&f nfwtjzpflt jzpf
pum;ajy\*k P f o wå d ( tEI d i f ; cH ) ud k aeU p Of t vk y f ( tEI d i f ; )ES i f h
cdkif;EIdif;............/
- vufOD;q&m? rnfxdkufpGmom;? ykAÁmp&d,? rdESifhb/
74/ rde;f rrsm; tqifwefqmqifonfEiS w hf (l Oyrm) ( vuFmrSm - raumif;jrpfwm? aumif;&mñTefvwf? twwfoifap? ay;a0ESD;&if;? xdrf;jrm;jcif;vQif
rdefrrsm; tqifwefqm qif,ifonfESifh wlNyD;? tvSMunfh&eftwGuf
0wfig;tif../
toHk;0if...)
]]......}}wGiv f uFmuAsmtzJUG \ vufawGUtusK;d jyKprG ;f tm; - om;aumif;wpfa,muf? ausmufaumif;wpfaph jzpfygap/
enf;yHkudk q&mBuD;u aqG;aEG;rdefUqdk&mü oHk;xm;ygonf/ - om;wdYk½yk &f nf? oDwmrnfom;? a&Munfcsrf;jr? wpfaygufusu? rdbwdYk0rf;?
tvSty cHpm;rSKtwGuo f m toH;k 0ifykH *kP&f nfwltjzpf Nidr;f pwrf;/
vuF m tzJ G U (tEI d i f ; cH ) u d k E
rd e f ; rtvS q if y H k ( tEI d i f ; )E S i f h - om;tcspf? ajr;tESpf/ om;orD; raumif;? rdbacgif;/
ckdif;EIdif;a&;zJGUxm;..../
- auR;arG;rysuf? aqmif½GufpDrH ? arGcHxdkufap vSLrQa0í ?apmifhavrsKd;EG,f
75/ tvk y frvkyb f rJ aeEdik of nfh a,musmf ;ESiw hf (l Oyrm) 0wfig;oG,f usifhzG,f om;wdkYwm../
( pum;ajyrSm pm;0wfaea&;twGuf tvkyf rvkyfbJ raeEdkifonfh
- twwfvnf;oif? yJhjyifqHk;r? odyÜrcsef? ab;&efqD;um?
a,mufsm;ESifhwlNyD; usef;rmoefpGrf;..)
]].......}}wGif pum;ajyta&;tom;onf aepOf b 00ü oifh&mtyfydkh? q&mwdkU/
vufawGUusus ta&;yg t&ma&mufaMumif; ............ / - q&maumif;wynfh yef;aumif;yef / q&mhxuf wynfh vufapmif;xuf /
vufawGUb0udw k udk ½f u kd t f usKd ;jyKykH *kP&f nfcsif
csif;wlonfh - ememusifusif tjypfjrifwdkif; 0rf;wGifrodk [kwfwdkif;qdkí usKd;vdkpdwfu
pum;ajy\owåd(tEdIif;cH)ud k tvkyfvkyfonfha,musfm;(tEdIif;)ESifh qHk;rwwfol? q&m[lavmh/
cdkif;.../
- rSwfzG,f&m&m? xdkxdkpmudk? ½Smírjzpf? tdrfwGifzwf? zwfygaomfum;?
zwfzefrsm;u? om;r,m;yif odjrifuif;uGm rvdrm® vnf;? pmaypum;? aeYwikd ;f Mum;u?
xl;jcm;vdr®m? ½dSonfomwnf;/

P157
(15) cGet
f m;½Sad ompm
1/ q&mBu;D a½TOa'gi;f \ yxrqH;k 0w¬K trnfukd ajzyg/
vGwfvyfa&;acwf a½TOa'gif; 2/ cGeftm;½Sdaompm\ pum;ajytrsdK;tpm;udk ajzyg/
a½T O a'gif ; \ ]wpf o uf w mrS w f w rf ; ES i f h tawG ; 3/ a½TOa'gif;\ trnf&if;udk ajzyg/
tac:rsm;}pmtkyrf S xkwEf w k o
f nf/ 4/ O'g[½kPq f o
kd nfrmS tb,fenf;/
a½TOa'gif; 5/ 0guswiG f Bu, d m0daooeudk rnfoYkd xm;&rnfenf;/
rEÅav;Zmwdjzpfonf/ trnf&if;rSm OD;azode;f jzpfonf/ 6/ 0gusvuform;onf rnfolenf;/
cGet
f m;½Sd pm? wpfoufwm..? a½TO av;Zm azod odef;rSm 7/ pH k a xmuf a rmif p H ½ S m ;^ arQ m f w vif h v if h ^ aoG ; pk y f a jr ud k
rnfoal &;oenf;/
rEÅav;NrKd U Ak'b¨ momoDv½Siaf usmif;wGif ynm oif,l 8/ a½TOa'gi;f \ yxrqH;k 0w¬Kum; tb,fenf;/
onf/ ol&, d r*¾Zif; t,f'w D m? ol&,
d owif;pm t,f'wD m?
arcGef; 4/(c) twGuf avhvm avhusifh ajzqdk jyifqifxm;&ef ar;cGef;
vlxkowif;pm t,f'DwmcsKyfvkyfom;jynfolUaeYpOf owif;pm
t,f'w D mcsKyf aqmif½u G cf o
hJ nf/ a[mif;rsm;
ref;NrdKU bmom- oDoD[kwf? ol&d ôl&d -t,f'D1/ ]cGet f m;½Sad ompm} rS pum;ajy ta&;tom;aumif;\ vu©Pmrsm;
vky/f ESihf cGetf m;½Sad ompmrsK;d a&;om;&ef vrf;ñTef aqG;aEG;xm;yHu k kd wifjyyg/
cGeftm;½Sdaompm a&;wwf&ef q&mBuD;a½TOa'gif;u rnfodkYvrf;nTef
vlx^k jynfoUl -t,f'cD sKyf xm;oenf ;/ aqG;aEG;ajzqdkyg/
2/ cGet f m;½Sad ompm a&;&ef vdt k yfaom vrf;nTecf surf sm;udk ½Si;f vif;a&;
]aoG;pkyfajr}?]arQmfwvifhvifh}wdkYjzifh pmayAdrmef om; aj zqdy
k g/ ..&ef vd
t
k yf
c su rf sm;udjk ynfph pkH mG ½Si;f vif;a&;om;yg/ ..&ef
bmomjyefqk? ]wpfoufwmrSwfwrf;ESifh tawG;tac:rsm;}jzifh vdt k yfaom t&nftaoG;rsm;udk a&;om;wifjyyg/
pmayAdrmef okwya'omqkwu
Ykd kd &½Scd o
hJ nf/
txuf ar;cGe;f 2 twGuf ½Si;f vif; ajzqd&k mwGif azmfjy&rnfh tcsurf sm;
aoG;pky?f arQmrf mef bmomjyef/ awG;ac: okwya'oef
(wpf) a&;vdo k nfh taMumif;t&mudk aumif;pGmem;vnfjcif;?
yxrqH;k 0w¬rmS ]&efBu;D atmif}jzpfonf/ ]pHkaxmuf (ESp)f tcsuu f sus a&;wwfjcif;?
armif p H ½ S m ;} tygt0if aZmf[dwf? olawmfpdef ponfwdkYrSm (oH;k ) BuHYcdkifuspfvspfaom 0gusrsKd; wnfaqmufwwfjcif;
xif½mS ;aom rSjD irf;jyK 0w¬Krsm;jzpfonf/ wdo Yk nf cGet f m;½Sad ompmrsK;d a&;wwfzYkd vdt k yfcsurf sm;jzpfonf/
- (1)taMumif;t&mwpfckudk aumif;pGmem;vnfjcif; r½SdbJ
yxr xk- &efBu;D tef? rSjD irf;bmom pHak xmufp?H ]0d;k wd;k 0g;wm;}jzpfaeao;aom todrsK;d udyk if t[kwx f ifrwS u f m
olawmf-aZmf[w d -f yxrH ydkifEdkifav[ef a&;om;jcif;onf cGeftm;½Sdaompm rjzpfEdkifay/
(pOf ; pm;wwf a om pmzwf y &d o wf u ÓmPf j zif h
pum;ajyrS rSwfom;&ef qifjcifvu kd af omtcg xdpk mrsKd ;onf auseyfapavmufonfh pmrsK;d
]0gusvuform;}onf ]pma&;q&m}udk &nfnTef; rjzpfEikd b f J wefz;kd rJo h mG ;avonf/ )
- (2)tcsuu f sus a&;wwf&ef pmaumif;rsm;pGmudk zwfxm;um
ygonf/ ]vuform;aumif;}onf ]pma&;q&maumif;}udk pum;vH;k rsm;pGmudk wwfxm;zdYk vdo k nf/ xdjYk yif a½G;cs,w f wfaom
&nfneT ;f ygonf/ todÓmPfrsK;d vnf; ½S&d rnf/ tbd"mefuo hJ Ykd pum;vH;k teufwu Ykd kd
0guswiG f t"dymÜ ,f½iS ;f ap&ef emr0daooeudk emrfEiS hf wwfonf jzpfap? ta½G;rwwfvQif cGet f m;½Sad ompmrsKd ; ra&;Edik af y/
eD;uyfpmG xm;&ygrnf/ Bud,m0daooeudk Bu, d mESihf eD;uyfpmG xdkYaMumihf olYae&mESifhol wdusrSefuefaompum;vHk; a½G;cs,f
xm;&ygrnf/ oH;k EIe;f wwfjcif; ½Szd Ykd vdt k yfonf/
]tcsuf u susa&;wwf j cif ; }qk d o nf r S m 0guswG i f - (3)ajymifajrmufaom pum;vHk;onf cGeftm;½SdaompmrsKd;
olaY e&mESio
hf l wdusreS u
f efaom pum;vH;k a½G;cs,o f ;kH EIe;f wwfjcif; jzpfapEdkifonf/ odkYaomf 0guswnfaqmufyHk yGpdpd csnfheJYeJY
jzpfygonf/ cGeftm;½Sdaompm qdo k nfrmS pOf;pm;wwfaom pmzwf avsmY & J & J E S i f h caemf c eJ Y jzpf a eygvQ i f aus;Zl ; rjzpf E d k i f a y/
y&dowftm; auseyfapavmufonfh pmrsK;d udk qdv k ykd gonf/ tMum;tm½Hu k o kd m ESK;d qGEikd Nf y;D pOfpm;awG;ac: cHpm;odjrifEikd rf w
I u Ykd kd
O'g[½kPf = odomxif½mS ;ap&ef jyaom yHpk ?H jy,k*f vSKH UaqmfEikd pf rG ;f rJah eayrnf/ xdaYk Mumifh pma&;olonf pum;vH;k
Q
rsm;udk olYae&mESifhol tpDtpOfjyKvkyf&onf/ pmaumif; wwfxm;jcif;? a½G;cs,fwwfaom todÓmPfrsdK; ½Sdjcif;onf
ayrGewf u Ykd kd ESpof ufcpH m;um txyfxyf zwfrw S x f m;oifoh nf/ tcsufusus a&;wwfa&;twGuf vdktyfcsufrsm; jzpfaMumif;?
pmacsmzd&Yk ef 0dbwfrsm;udk wpfvn S phf D oH;k wwf&rnf/ ]ud}k 0dbwf? a½G;cs,fwwfonfh todÓmPf ½Sdolonf xrif;pm;a&aomuf
]tm;}0dbwf ponfh t"dyÜm,foabm wloa,mif½Sdaom
0dbwfwu Ykd kd toH;k rSe?f ae&mrSeaf tmif *½kjyK&rnf/ xdt Yk wlyif ]ü? pum;vH k ; rQ j zif h xd a &muf a tmif oH k ; wwf a Mumif ; ud k v nf ;
rSm? wGi?f 0,f} paom ae&mjy? tcsed jf y 0dbwfwu Ykd kd xyfvnf;rxyf? ½Si;f jyxm;yHrk mS rSwo f m;zG,yf if jzpfygonf/
toHk;vnf; wwfatmif avhusifhxm;zddkY vdktyfvSygonf/ eHygwfokH; tcsufrSm ]BuHcdkifuspfvspfaom 0gusrsKd;
emr0daooeESifhemrfudk eD;uyfpGmxm;jcif;? Bud,m0daooeudk wnfaqmufEikd jf cif;} jzpfonf/ þwGif pum;vH;k ajymifaomfvnf;
Bud , mES i f h eD ; uyf p G m xm;jcif ; wd k Y o nf t"d y Ü m ,f ½ S i f ; apzd k Y 0guswnfaqmufykH caemfceJY jzpfaeygu tusKd ;,kwEf ikd af Mumif;ud-k
axmuftuljyKonf/
- þodkY avhusifhxm;ojzifh pma&;ol a½TOa'gif;\ ]cufcJ ].pum;vHk;ajymifjcif;aMumifh em;udk xdckdufaomf
eufeaJ om avmukw&å maqmif;yg;rsKd ;}onfyif ½Si;f ygayonf[k vnf; pmzwfol\ OD;aESmufESifh ESvHk;odkY
ajymprSwf½Sd\/ / rxdckdufbJ ½Sdwwfonf..}
ponfjzihf rSwo f m;zG,jf zpfatmif ½Si;f jyxm;ygonf/
cGeftm;½Sdaompm\ &nf½G,fcsufESifh wifjyyHk^ vrf;nTefxm;yHk(vrf;nTefcsufrsm; 11 rauG;) xdkYaemuf pma&;q&m\ tajccHtusqHk; vkyfief;
]cGeftm;½Sdaompm}onf a½TOa'gif;\ wpfoufwm obm0udk-
rSww f rf;ESifh tawG;tac:rsm;pmtkyrf S xkwEf w k cf suf jzpfygonf/ ]]0g0gusvuform; \ tvkyfrSm pum;vHk;rsm;udk
]]
pOf;pm;a0zef EdkifpGrf;½Sdaom pmzwfy&dowftm; auseyfvuf olae&mESifhol tpDtpOf jyKvkyf&jcif;yif jzpf\}}
cHEikd af pavmufonfh pmrsKkd ; a&;om;Edik &f ef vdt k yfcsuf oH;k &yfukd [k wifpm;a&;om; azmfjyxm;ygonf/ odt Yk wGuf vuform;
vrf;ñTef ½Si;f jyxm;ygonf/ þonfyif pum;ajy\ &nf½, G cf suf aumif;wdkY\ pmaumif;ayrGefwdkYudk ESpfoufcHpm; txyfxyf
jzpfygonf/ zwf½Ixm;zdkY vdkonf[kvnf; vrf;nTefcsufay;ygonf/ (
pum;ajywGif pma&;olu ]]rsm;pGmaom pma&;q&m þwG i f v nf ; vd k u f e m usif h a qmif z G , f jzpf a tmif
wdo Yk nf ]cGet f m;½Sad ompm( Forceful Language) [lonfrmS bmudk azmfjyvrf;ñTeEf ikd af Mumif; awGU&ygonf/ )
qd k v d k o nf [ k em;vnf ½ S m BuyH k r&acs/}}[k ed ' gef ; ysd K ;um xd k Y a emuf pmacsmatmif a&;wwf & ef t wG u f
cGet f m;½Sad ompmrsKd ;a&;Edik &f ef vdtk yfcsuf oH;k &yfukd trSwpf Ofx;kd í 0dbwftoH;k wpfvn S phf D oH;k wwfatmif avhusizhf Ykd vdt
k yfyu
kH kd
azmfjyxm;ygonf/ ½Si;f jyygonf/ ]ud}k ]tm;} 0dbwftoH;k udk rSeftmif oHk;wwf&ef
xdaYk emufwiG f eHygww f pf tcsujf zpfaom ]a&;vdo k nfh twGuf pmqdu k -
taBumif;t&mudk aumif;pGmem;vnfjcif;} oabmudk ½Sif;vif; ]]armifbonf pmwpftkyftm; uREkfyfudk ay;\/ }}
a&;om;xm;ygonf/ þwGif ud, k af &;vdok nfh taMumif;t&mudk [k a&;jcif;rSm roifyh ?kH
aumif;pGm em;vnfjcif; r½SdbJ 0dk;wdk;0g;wm;jzpfaeao;aom ]]armifbonf pmwpftkyfudk uREkfyftm; ay;\?}
todrsK;d jzifh ydik Ef ikd af v[ef ra&;oif[ h k axmufjyygonf/ jzef;oef; [kom a&;oifyh kH ponfjzifh O'g[½kPaf qmif ½Si;f jyxm;ygonf/
a&;om; xm;aompmonf wefz;kd rJh tcsn;f ES;D jzpfomG ;&yHu k -kd xdt
Yk wlyif ]ü} ]rSm} ]wGi}f ]0,f} ponfY t"dymÜ ,f eD;pyfaom
]]..trI taMumif;udk wu,frodbJ aMu;pm;vdkufaom 0dbwfwdkYudkyg xyfvnf; rxyfatmif? toHk;vnf;wwfatmif
oufaotm; usifvnfaom a½SUaeu ppfaMumar;jref; avhusifhxm;oifhonf[k vrf;ñTefcsuf ay;xm;yHkrSmvnf;
vdkufonfhtcg a,mifcsmcsmESifh z½dkz&Jjzpfukef rSwo f m;zG,f jzpfapygonf/
wwfouJhodkY..}} qufvufí 0guswnfaqmufyHkwGif emr0daoeESifh
[lívnf; jrifomatmif ½Si;f jyxm;ygonf/ Bu, d m0daooewdu Yk kd txm;todrk eS af tmif *½kjyKoifah Mumif;ud-k
eHygwfESpf tcsufrSm ]tcsufususa&;wwfjcif;(0g) ]]vSyaom armifjzL\tdrf}}
oifhawmfaom pum;vHk;udk a½G;cs,fwwfjcif;}jzpfygonf/ [ka&;jcif;xuf
pmaumif; rsm;rsm;Bu;D zwfxm;um pum;vH;k awmfawmfrsm;rsm; ]]armifjzL\ vSyaomtdrf}}
[k a&;jcif;u t"dymÜ ,f ½Si;f yH?k vdktyfonf/ odxm;aom pum;vHk;rsm;xJrS qDavsmf&mudk
P159
]]vsifjrefpGm wdkufay:odkY wufoGm;onf}} a½G ; cs,f w wf a om OmPf & nf r sk K d ; vnf ; vd k t yf y gao;onf /
[k a&;jcif;xuf a½G;cs,fwwfonfh todÓmPf ½Sdolonf xrif;pm;a&aomuf
]]wdkufay:odkY vsifjrefpGm wufoGm;onf}} pum;vH;k rQjzifh xda&mufatmif oH;k wwfMuygonf/
[k a&;rS oifah vsmyf w kH uYkd kd azmfjyvsuf vrf;nTecf suaf y; a&;om;
eHygwo f ;Hk tcsurf mS ]BuHcdkifuspfvspfaom 0gusrsKd;
wifjyxm;ygonf/ ( trSwrf hJ rSm;wwfMuonfY o'´gpnf;urf;wdu Yk kd
wnfaqmuf Edkifjcif;} jzpfonf/ ud, k af &;rnfh taMumif;t&mudk
*½kjyKrad patmif azmfjya&;omEdik af Mumif; awGU&ygonf/ )
em;vnf ydik Ef ikd u
f m a½G;cs,t f oH;k jyKonfh pum;vH;k ajymifajrmuf
tqH;k wGif q&mBu;D a½TOa'gi;f u þodt Yk m;xkwaf vhusihf apumrl 0guswnfaqmufykH caemfceJY jzpfaeygu -
a&;om;xm;Edik rf aI Mumifh cufceJ ufeaJ om avmukw&å m aqmif;yg; ]]...pum;vHk;ajymifjcif;aMumifh em;udk xdckdufaomfvnf;
rsK;d udyk if ½Si;f vif;atmifa&;Edik o f nfh tusKd ;aus;Zl; &½Scd ahJ Bumif; pmzwfol\ OD;aESmufESifh ESvHk;odkY rxdckdufbJ
azmfjyxm;ygonf/ cGeftm;½SdaompmrsdK;udk a&;vdkol twGuf ½S d w wf o nf . .....}}
twk,v l ukd ef mzG,f jzpfvyS gonf/ [k rSwo f m;owdjyK&rnff jzpfygonf/
]]cGet
f m;½Sad ompm}}wGif cGet f m;½Sad ompmrsKd ; a&;Edik &f ef 0guswnfaqmufyHk BuHcdkif&ef pum;vHk;(0gp*F)wdkYudk
vdt k yfcsurf sm;udk pmqdu k ½Si;f vif;csu?f aqG;aEG;csu?f O'g[½kPf ae&mtpDtpOf txm;todk rSeaf tmif toH;k jyKwwfzYkd vdt k yfygonf/
ponfwjYkd zifh vrf;nTeu f m &nf½, G cf suof Ykd a&mufatmif a&;om; pma&;q&mwd\Yk tajccHtusq;kH vkyif efobm0yif jzpfaomaMumifh
xm;yHrk mS avhvmrSwo f m;zG,f jzpfygawmhownf;/ / -
]]0gusvuform;\ tvkyfrSm pum;vHk;rsm;udk
...rS pmta&;tom;aumif;wdkY\ vu©Pmrsm;udk rSwfom;zG,fwifjyyg/ olae&mESifhol tpDtpOf jyKvkyf&jcif;yif jzpf\}}
]cGet
f m;½Sad ompm}a&;&ef vdt
k yfonft
h csurf sm; [k azmfjyxm;yHrk mS rSwo f m;zG,yf if/ xdaYk Mumifh vuform;aumif;
]cGeftm;½Sdaompm}onf a½TOa'gif;\ ]wpfoufwm
wd\ Yk pmaumif;ayrGew f u Ykd kd ESpo
f ufcpH m; txyfxyf zwf½x I m;zdYk
rSww f rf;ESifh tawG;tac:rsm;}pmtkyrf S xkwEf w k cf suf jzpfygonf/
vdak yrnf/
pOf;pm;a0zef Edik pf rG ;f ½Sad om pmzwfy&dowftm; auseyfvufcH
Edkifapavmufonfh pmrsKd;onf cGeftm;½Sdaompm jzpfaMumif;ESifh xd k Y j yif pmacsmatmif a tmif a&;wwf & ef t wG u f
cGet f m;½Sad ompmrsK;d a&;Edik &f ef vdt
k yfcsuwf u Ykd kd þpum;ajywGif 0dbwftoH;k wpfvn S phf D oH;k wwfatmif avhusizhf v Ykd t
kd yfoñft
h jyif
avhvmodjrifEikd yf gonf/ ]ud}k ]tm;} 0dbwf toH;k udk rSet f mif oH;k wwfzYkd *½kjyK&ygrnf/
]]..armifbonf pmwpftkyftm; uREkfyfudk ay;\/}}
cGeftm;½Sdaompm a&;Edkif&ef ta&;tom;aumif;
[k a&;jcif;rSm roifah cs/
vu©Pm oH;k &yf ½Syd gonf/
]]..armifbonf pmwpftkyfudk uREkfyftm; ay;\? }}
eHygww f pf tcsurf mS ]a&;vdkonfh taBumif;t&mudk
[kom a&;oifah yonf/
aumif ; pG m em;vnf j cif ;} yifjzpfonf/ þwGif a&;vdkonfh
]ü} ]rSm} ]wGif} ]0,f} ponfY t"dyÜm,f eD;pyfaom
taMumif;t&mudk aumif;pGm em;vnfjcif; r½Sb d J 0d;k wd;k 0g;wm;
0dbwfwu Ykd kd xyfvnf; rxyf? toH;k vnf;wwfatmif avhusihf
jzpfaeao;aom todrsK;d jzifh ydik Ef ikd af v[ef ra&;rdzYkd *½kjyK&ygrnf/
xm;zdkY vnf; vdkygonf/
jzef;oef; a&;om;xm;aom pmonf a0zefcsichf sed w f wfol pmzwf
y&dowfrsK;d a½SaY rSmufwiG f wefz;kd rJh tcsn;f ES;D jzpfomG ;&wwfonf/ xdjYkyif 0guswnfaqmufyw
kH iG f emr0daoeESihf Bu,
d m0dao
xdaYk Mumifh cGet f m;½Sad ompm a&;Edik &f ef ud,k af &;rnfh taMumif; oewdu Yk kd txm;todrk eS af tmif *½kjyK&onf/
t&mudk aumif;pGm ausnufzYkd vdyk grnf/ ]]vSyaom armifjzL\ tdrf}}
[ka&;jcif;xuf -
eHygwfESpf tcsufrSm ]tcsufususa&;wwfjcif;(0g)
]]armifjzL\ vSyaom tdrf}}
oifhawmfaom pum;vHk;udk a½G;cs,fwwfjcif;} jzpfygonf/
[k a&;jcif;u t"dymÜ ,f ½Si;f aMumif;udk odzv
Ykd ykd gonf/
þwG i f pmaumif ; ayaumif ; rsm;rsm;BuD ; zwf x m;aom
]]vsifjrefpGm wdkufay:odkY wufoGm;onf}}
t&nftcsi;f vdt k yfonf/ pum;vH;k rsm;rsm;odxm; wwfxm;zdYk
Q
[k a&;jcif;xuf - 83/ 0gusvuform; (0uf0kwåd) ( ...pum;vHk;rsm;udk olYae&mESifhol
]]wdkufay:odkY vsifjrefpGmwufoGm;onf}} tpDtpOf jyKvkyf&jcif;yif jzpf\/ þtvkyfudk em;vnf&efrSm -)
[k a&;rS oifhavsmfaMumif; em;vnfzdkYvdkygonf/ trSwfrJh ]].......}}wG i f pma&;q&m\ tvk y f o nf 0gus
wnfaqmuf onfh twwfjzpfaMumif; azmjyf &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/
rSm;wwfMuonfY o'´gpnf;urf;wdkYudk *½kjyKEdkifvQSif trSm;uif;
pma&;q&m[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]0gusvuform;}
vmum cGet f m;½Sad ompmrsK;d a&;Edik v
f mrnf jzpfygonf/
(pum;vH;k rsm;udk olaY e&mESio
hf l tpDtpOfjyKvyk o
f )l [k oG,0f u
kd .f ..../
]]cGet
f m;½Sad ompm}}wGif cGet f m;½Sad ompmrsKd ; a&;Edik &f ef
vdtk yfcsurf sm;udk þodv Yk Qif avhvmEdik yf gownf;/ / 83/ vuform;^ vuform;aumif;rsm;(0uF0kwdå) ( vuform;
aumif;rsm; pmaywdkYudk BudKufwwfatmif avhvmNyD; yDwdESifh wuG....)
]]..........}}wGif BuHcdkifuspfvspfaompmrsdK;a&;wwf&ef
cGetf m;½Sad ompmrS avhvmzG,t f vuFm pmaumif; ayrGew f uYkd kd avhvmtyfaMumif; vrf;nTe&f mü oH;k xm;
78
78/ tbd"mefuo hJ Ykd (Oyrm) ( tbd"mefuJhodkY pum;vHk;awG wwfxm; ygonf/
aomfvnf; ta½G; rwwfvQif cGeftm;½SdaompmrsKd; a&;wwfao;onf.... ) pmaumif;ayrGefa&;ol pma&;q&m[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ
]]cGeftm;½Sdaompm}}pum;ajywGif wdusreS u f efaom ]]vuform;^ vuform;aumif;}}[k oG,f0dkuf a&;zJGUxm;
pum;vHk;rsm;udk a½G;cs,f oHk;EIef;wwfzdkY vdktyfyHkudk ½Sif;vif; aomaMumifh ..../
a&;om;&mü oHk;xm;ygonf/
pum;vH k ; wd k Y \ teuf u d k wwf o d r I ( tEd I i f ; cH ) u d k 84/ em;udk cPcPESyd pf uf( 0uF0w k )då (]tm;}ESpv f ;kH xyfa&;Mu
tbd"mefwGif a0g[m&teufrsm;udk zGifhqdkazmfjyEdIifrI(tEdIif;)ESifh olrsm; txl;ojzifh ]jrefrmhtoH}onf uREkfyf\ em;udk cPcP...........)
pum;vHk;rsm;pGmudk wwfodzGifhqdkEdkifpGrf;½SdyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf ]]......}} wGif pmacsmzdkYtwGuf 0dbwf pum;vHk;rsm;udk
ckdif;EdIif;a&;zJGUxm;....../ rS e f u ef p G m j z ifh wpfvSnfhpD oHk;wwfzdkY vdktyfaMumif; ½Sif;jy&m...../
Mum;odpdwftm½Hkudk tBudrfBudrf aESmifh,Sufonf[k
79/ pum;vH;k ajymif (0uF0w k )då ( 0guswnfaqmufyHku yGpdpd? csnfheJYeJY wd k u f ½ d k u f r qd k b J ]].....}}[k oG , f 0 d k u f a &;zJ G Y x m;aomaMumif h
avsmh&J&JESifh caemfceJY jzpfaeonfqdkvQif) ........................./
]]....}}wGif pum;vHk; toHk;rSefuefonfhtjyif BuHYUcdkif
uspfvspfaom 0gusrsdK;wnfaqmufEdkif&efvnf; ta&;ygyHkudk
½Sif;vif; a&;om;&mü ..../
wdusrSefuefaom pum;vHk;rsm; a½G;cs,f oHk;EIef;
wwfvQi^f jcif; [k wku d ½f u
kd f ra&;bJ ]]pum;vH;k ajymifvQi^f jcif;}}[k
oG,f0dkuf ..../
80/ em;udx k cd u
kd f (0uF0w k )åd (..pum;vH;k ]ajymif}jcif;aMumifh em;udx
k d
*k P f o wif ;
cdkuf aomfvnf; OD;aESmufESifh em;odkY rxdcdkufbJ ½Sdaewwfonf/.....)
]].......}}pum;vHk;aumif;\ tusKd;oufa&mufyHkudk
a&;&mü oHk;xm;ygonf/ udk,fum;
Mum;odpdwftm½Hkudk vSKHUaqmfEdkifpGrf;½Sdonf[k wdkuf½dkuf toufrJhaomf rwnfEdkif? aysmufysuf&m\/
rqdkbJ ]em;udk xdcdkuf}}[k oG,f0dkuf a&;zJGUxm;aomaMumifh ......./
81/ OD;aESmufEiS hf ESv;kH odYk rxdcu
kd b
f ½J dS *kPfowif;um;
]]......}}wG i f cG e f t m;½S d a ompmrsKd ; a&;Ed k i f & ef O'gef;raus ½Sd&m\/ /
pum;vHk;toHk; rSefuefonfomru MuHUcdkifuspfvspfaompmjzpfzdkY
vdkaMumif; azmfjy&m...../
BuHUcdkifuspfvspfrI r½Sdaompmonf qifjcifawG;awmrI?
ESpfoufarGUavsmfrI ray;pGrf;Edkif [k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]].....}}[k
oG,f0dkuf......../

tif ; 0aejynf a wmf taMumif ; ud k *k P f , l z G , f wif j yyg/^
P161
(16) ae0ifjrifonf 0a½Tjynf ....jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI tarGtepfrsm;\ *kPu f kd ay:viG af tmifwifjyyg/
q&mwdu k pf ;kd \ pmwrf;i,f wpfy'k /f 3/ pma&;ol\ tjrif? tawG;? cHpm;csufwdkY ay:vGifaponfh ta&;tzJGUwdkYudk
q&mwd wd k u fpdk; ( OD;oef ;xGwf ) o½kyfazmfwifjyyg/(11 yJcl;)
1920 jynfhESpfzGm;/ zsmyHkNrdKUe,f? ordefaxm½GmZmwd/ ae0ifjrifonf 0a½TjynfrS pmqd\k tjrif? tawG;? cHpm;csuEf iS hf
trnf&if; OD;oef;xGw/f &efuek w f uúov kd rf S 0dZmÆ bGEYJ iS Ohf ya'0dZmÆ bGUJ? ta&;tzJUG
t*FvefEikd if H vyfA&maumvdyf pmMunfw h u kd f oifwef;ausmif;rS ]ae0if j rif o nf 0a½T j ynf } onf q&mwd k u f p d k ; \
att,fatbGUJ wu Ykd kd &/ &opmwrf;i,f wpfyk'f jzpfygonf/ a&;zJGUyHkrSm oEÅ&o
&efuek w f uúov kd f t*Fvyd pf mXmewGif tcsed yf ikd ;f enf;jy? ajrmufatmif at;csrf; wnfNidrfNyD; zwfcsifhpzG,f ½SdvSygonf/
Xmeqdkif&m pmMunfhwdkufrI;? &efukefwuúodkvf vufaxmuf
pmMunfw h u
kd rf ;I ? trsK;d om; pmMunfw h u kd t f &m½S?d ,Ofaus;rIArd mef pmqdo k nf av;euf odraf rGU onfh tawG;jzifh tif;0NrKd Ua[mif;\
ñTefMum;a&;rI;ESifhñTefMum;a&;rI;csKyf wm0efrsm;/ Xmeqdkif&m *kP&f nfukd zJUG onf/
tzJUG tpnf;rsm;wGiv f nf; wm0eftrsK;d rsK;d xrf;aqmifc/hJ tif ; 0ajrrS m rEÅ a v;-tr&yl & \ awmif b uf
{&m0wDEiS jhf rpfi,fjrpf awGUq&kH mwGif wnfygonf/ rEÅ a v;rS
pmtkypf mwrf;ESihf aqmif;yg;rsm; xGuv f moñfq h &mwdu k pf ;kd ESit hf zJUG onf tif;0 wnf&m ]a½T0-
q&mrif;,ka0ESihf wGzJ ufíf jrefrmpm rdw d zf UGJ ü ]pmqdEk iS hf 0aewnf r,f w d k Y j ynf omonf uRef ; xd y f w uf } od k Y
okawoD}? ]rif;ESihf pmqd}k / c&D;qufcJhMuygonf/ trwf? yef;csDq&m? ausmufpmorm;
trsL;d om;ynm0ef OD;zd;k usm;?
rif;wke;f rif;? ponfjzifh tvkyrf wl? p½du k rf wlorl sm; yg0ifonfh olwt Ykd zJUG rmS
arSmyf D q&mode;f ? tif;0udk jrifvakd om pdww f iG rf l tm;vH;k twlwyl if jzpfaMumif;?
pmud;k pum;udk;? wdkufpdk;pm wdkeefYeefY? tif;0NrKd U oufwrf;rSm ESp(f 600) eD;eD; ½Scd ahJ Mumif;wdu Yk kd wifjy&if;
Ak'¨bmom tEkynmed'ge;f ? ol w d k Y t zJ G U \ tif ; 0c&D ; pOf u d k rS e f ; qjrif a ,mif r d a tmif
*sLAvDa[mjrifuiG ;f ? ed'ge;f ysK;d xm;ygonf/
{&m0wD? ,Ofaus;rI txdef;trSwfrsm;? ppfuikd ;f wHwm;tvGew f iG f tif;0bufurf;odYk ul;wdjYk ziffh
r*Fvmygq&mr/ ul;onf/ ae tawmfapmif;NyD jzpfygonf/ tif;0ajrudk csOf;eif;
1/ wdkufpdk;\ pmwpftkyfudk azmfjyyg/ ^pmwpfyk'fudk azmfjyyg/ vSrf;vmpOf ausmcdkif; usef&pfcJhonfh aomifpyf jrifuGif;0,f
2/ r*Fvmyg q&mr udk rnfoal &;oenf;/ xD;r,dkifw,dkif?xHk;rjzLUwjzL ajrpdkufapwD ESpfqlk? aemufem;
3/ wdkufpdk;pm wdkeHYeHY^ arSmfyDq&modef;^ trsdK;om; ynm0ef ususwGif ausmif;tdktdkESifh xef;yif ? a&pyfqDwGif iSuforÁef
OD;zdk;usm;^pmqdkESifh okawoD^rif;ESifhpmqdk^rif;wkef;rif;.... udk av;rsm; uyfxm;yH?k jrpfjyif0,f iSuw f pfpif;ESppf if; wuRu D RED iS hf
rnfoal &;oenf;/ avSmcf wfomG ;aeyH?k xdpk Of taemuf aea&mif ½du k u f m ½Icif;tvS
4/ ,ru oHaygut f & tif;0\ wnf[efrmS rnfoeYkd nf;/ jzpf a eyH k w d k Y u d k a&;zJ G U x m;&m omarmzG , f ? Munf E l ; zG , f ?
5/ tif;0NrKd U tkwaf usmif;\ ukov kd ½f iS af usmif;trudk azmfjyyg/ ESpo f ufyw D jd zpfz, G f jrifuiG ;f yif/
6/ rnfow l \ Ykd vkytf m;jzifh tif;0eef;ajrxnf0gco hJ enf;/
tif;0NrKd Ua[mif; rif;aejynf wnfae&modYk a&mufaomf
arcGef; 4/(c) twGuf avhvm avhusifh jyifqifxm;&ef ar;cGef; pmqdkonf ,ckjrifuGif;jzifh xif[yfuma½S;tif;0 rif;aejynf
a[mif;rsm;
BucH ikd o f m,m pnfyifcyhJ w kH u Ykd kd wrf;wrdawmhonf/ xdt k awG;udk
1/ tif ; 0aejynf a wmf \ *k P f & nf ay:vG i f a tmif rnf o d k Y
a&;zJUG xm;oenf;/ a&;xm;yHkrSm-
2/ tif;0NrdKUa[mif; jrifuGif;ESifh pma&;ol\ tawG;tjrifudk ]]...usKH;tdk? NrdKU½dk;tdk? arQmfpiftdk? tkwfausmif;tdk..}
wifjyyg/^tif;0NrKdU\ ae0ifcsdefjrifuGif;ESifh pmqdk\ cHpm;csufudk o½kyfazmf wifjyyg/ ]]usKH;rSmvnf; a&uif;avNyD/ NrdKU½dk;rSmvnf;
(11 rEÅav;) ajrü ay:wcsKdU jrKyfwcsKdU jzpfNyD? arQmfpifrSmvnf;
3/ tif;0aejynfawmfBu;D \ *kP, f zl , G &f mrsm;udk avhvmwifjyyg/ ivsif'Pfjzifh wpfzuf,dkifaeNyD/ tkwfausmif;rSmvnf;

Q
oHCm[lí r½SdNyD/}} ae0ifhjrifonf 0a½TjynfrS avhvmzG,f tvuFm
[lí jzpfonf/ 0rf;enf;? ESajrmwo? oHa0*,lz, G f jzpfawmhonf/ 85
85/ wuDGsuDGs ( jrnfoHpJG ) ( a&ay:wGif iSufwpfpif; ESpfpif; wuRDuRDESifh
pmqdo
k nf tif;0ajrudk rif;aejynftjzpf owd;k rif;zsm; avSmfcwfoGm;vmaeMuonf/ ponfwdkYudk aemufu aea&mif½dkuf......)
u pwif a½G;cs,fcJhyHkrStp rif;qufqufwdkY jyKjyKjyifjyif ]]ae0ifjrifonf 0 a½Tjynf}}pum;ajywGif {&m0wDESifh
pnfyifatmif tm;xkwfEdkifcJhyHkwdkYudk tm½Hka&mufrdjyefonf/ jrpfi,f qHk&m jrpfjyifodkU vSrf;arSsmfpOf awGU&onfh ½Scif;tvSudk
pmqdu k azmfusL;sL;&mü .../
xdt
k awG;udv
k nf;-
]...ysKdtdkra½G; yg0ifaysmf½Tifaom &moDyJGawGvnf; iSuo
f rÁef avSmcf wf&mrS xGuaf y:onfh jrnfo]H ] uRu
D R}D }
tpOftvm ½Sdvmonf/ pmajym? pma[m? pmNydKif? .............../
pmEkdif vkyfMuaom tjcif;t&mwdkY vnf; eef;wGif;? 86/ i,f&dyfi,fa&mif usefaeao;ouJhodkY (Oyrm) (..tvHk;t&yf
eef;jyif ESHYvmonf/ ........} aumif;cJhol? toa& ½SdcJhol wpfOD;udk tdkqif;&J? emqif;&J....aemufwGif
ponfjzifh jrifomxifomjzpfatmif a&;onf/ jrif&onfhtcg ....... )
]]............}}wG i f eef ; rawmf r,f E k t k w f a usmif ;
ol w d k Y a wG U ½S d o nf h a½T e ef ; wnf a usmuf p mud k tdka[mif;aomfvnf; cefYxnfqJ ½SdyHkudk azmf u sL; a&;zJGU&mü
t&if;cHxm;um tif;0 eef;ajrtpDt&if? ,Ofaus;rIy&kH yd f ponfh oHk;xm;ygonf/
crf ; em;xnf 0 grI tpk p k w d k Y E S i f h quf p yf a wG ; awm a&;om; td k a [mif ; onf h t k w f a usmif ; \ toG i f ( tEI d i f ; cH ) ud k
wifqufxm;avonf/ i,f p Of u tvH k ; t&yf a umif ; cJ h o l \ toG i f ( tEd I i f ; )ES i f h
xdkYaemuf tkwfausmif;0if;twGif; 0ifa&mufcJhonf/ cH hxnfaeao;yHk *kPf&nfwl t jzp jzpff ......../
rdz&k m;acgiBf u;D eef;rawmfr,fErk mS ukov kd ½f iS jf zpfonf/ bHo
k ;kH qifEh iS hf 87/ tif;0NrdKUom;wdkY yg;ajymifcJh(0uF0kwåd) ( xdktonf? xdktpkom;
yHyk ef;rysuaf o;onfh tkwaf usmif;awmf\ ,aeY jrifuiG ;f ud-k wdkY\ vkyftm;jzifh tif;0eef;ajronf xnf0gcJhavonf/ olwdkY\ ta&mif
]...ysdK½G,fpOftcgu tvHk;t&yfaumif;cJhol? toa&½SdcJh aMumihf..)
olwpfOD; tdkqif;&J? emqif;&J? vlrIqif;&JwdkY ]].......}} wGif tonfom;tpkom;wdkU\ vkyftm;jzifh
BuHKcJh&NyD;onfhaemufwGif jrifawGU&onfhtcg i,f&dyf a½S;acwftif;0 aejynfawmf zGHYNzdK;pnfyifcJhaMumif;udk pmqdku
i,fa,mif usefaeao; ....} azmfusL;..... /
[lí xifom jrifomatmif Oyrmay; o½kyaf zmfa&;om;xm;onf/ tif ; 0aejynf a wmf zG H U N zd K ;pnf y if x nf 0 gcJ h o nf [ k
wkduf½dkufrqdkbJ ]]tif;0NrdKUom;wdkYyg;ajymifcJh......}}[k oG,f0dkuf
twdwuf tif;0onfum; tkycf sKyaf &;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlraI &;? pmay? a&;zJGUxm;aomaMumifh ......./
,Ofaus;rI tpkpw k w
Ykd iG f crf;em;wifw h ,f 0ifx
h nfvsuf wnfcyhJ u kH kd
pmqdu k ,cktif;0ajrESihf qufpyfvsuf awG;qa&;jycJyh gonf/ 88/ olwdkY\ ta&mifaMumifh(0uF0kwåd)
.......... ( txuf 87 twdkif; ajz&ef )/
,aeY,ck tif;0ajrwGif eef;awmf&mom use½f adS wmh tonfom;? tpkom;wd\ Yk yHyh ;kd rItpGr;f jzif[
h k wdu
k ½f u
kd f
onf/ tcgrmS vnf; ae0ifcsed v f eG uf m arSmif&yd o
f ef;cJNh yD jzpfonf/ ra&;bJ ]]olwdkY\ ta&mifaMumifh [k oG,f0dkufa&;...../
ppfudkif; bufwGifvnf; awmif½dk;wpfavQmuf rD;wvufvuf
½Sad eacsNy/D pma&;olwv Ykd nf; tif;0rS jyefcNhJ y/D
odaYk omf wpfcsed u f ]0a½Tjynf}udk arhaysmuf xm;Edik [ f ef
r½So d nfh pmqdo k nf ae0ifjrifonf 0a½Tjynf [laom pmwrf;wGif taetxdik f
tif;0*kP&f nfukd þodv Yk Qif pmzJUG a&;om;xm;ygownf;/ /
taetxdkifudk jrifojzifh
ayghwefonf/ trltusifhnHYonf/ avmbBuD;onfudk
od&m\/

(17) rSeu
f efjcif;ESihf &J&ifjh cif;
P163
&J & if h o l ? owå d ½ S d o l t jzpf x if ½ S m ;ausmf M um;yH k ?
q&maomfwmaqG emrnfaumif; vufrw S f &xm;yH?k ESpvf ;kH jyL;aoewfuikd &f yH?k tmPm
aygi;f wnfNrKd Ue,f BuKd Uyif½mG Zmwd/ 1919 zGm;/ trnf&if;rSm yg0gomru cGef;tm;AvBuD;rm;yHk ponfwdkYudk OD;atmif'Gef;\
OD;usifarmif/ OD;MuifaqG[kvnf; ac:wGif/ jrif;vSnf;orm;b0? xl;uJaom *kP&f nfrsm;tjzpf rdwfqufazmfjy a&;om;xm;
qefuek of nfb0 ponfjzifh usiv f nfc/hJ ygonf/
½Ir0 r*¾Zif;wGif [mo0w¬Krsm; a&;om;Ny;D pmayavmuodYk
0ifa&mufcJh/ b0o½kyfazmfpmay? r*¾Zif; 0w¬Kwdkrsm;? 0w¬K½Snfrsm;ESifh xkdpOfu pmqdkrSm ajr;i,fyrmjzpfí OD;atmif'Gef;udk
udk,fwdkifa&; tw¬KyÜwåd ]]uRefawmfh b0 ZmwfaMumif;}}/ bd;k [kac:onf/ bd;k \ ausmjyift½k t½kyfum; m;½Sd e*g;½ky?f *VKe½f yk ?f
]]owå0gwdkY\ oHo&m}}0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyfjzifh tEkynm pmayqk? aZmf * sD ½ k y f ? aMumif ½ k y f ? usm;½k y f ponf h aq;eD ? aq;euf
]]b0xdkxdk}} 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf jzifh pmayAdrmefqk? rifaMumift½kyw f u Ykd kd uav;obm0 tm½Hu k s ESpNf cKd ucf &hJ onf/
]]þ avmu ajrr[D0,f}} 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyfjzifh trsK d ; om; om;pmayqk/ bdk;udk,fay:wGifvnf; ajcqHk; acgif;qHk; xdk;uGif;rsm;½Sdao;&m
pHjyKz,G f ar;cGe;f wdrk sm; bd k ; onf cH E d k i f p G r f ; &nf o wå d jynf Y o l v nf ; jzpf a yonf [ k
1/ q&maomfwmaqGonf rnfonfh pmaytrsKd;tpm;rsm;udk txifBu;D tm;us& jyefonf/
a&;cJoh enf;/ &yf½mG wGif bd;k onfom wGiu f s,o kH kd pmqd k u
f jl zpfyu
2/ rnfonfhpmtkyfjzifh trsdK;om; pmayqk&oenf;/^ tjrifhqHk;aom qufvuf azmfjyxm;ao;onf/
pmayqkudk rnfonfh pmtkyfjzifh &oenf;/
3/ pmayavmuoddkY rnfodkY rnfyHk 0ifa&mufvmoenf;/
odaYk omf bk;d wpfa,muf-
]uHacsmfum tBuHawmf wpfcsufvJGcJhonf}
ar;cGef; 4/(c) ar;cGef;½Snf ar;cGef;a[mif; avhvm&ef [k pma&;olu qdu k m bdk;\ jzpf&yfudk qufvuf wifquf
1/ rSeuf efjcif;ESihf &J&ifjh cif;'Gew
f v
GJ su½f adS Mumif; pdw0f ifpm;zG,af &;yg/
xm;onf/
2/ rSefuefjcif;ESifh &J&ifhjcif; 0w¬Kwdk\ tmabmf&nf½G,fcsufudk azmfjyí
&nf½, G cf suf ay:viG af tmif rnfoaYkd &;om;wifjyaMumif; ajzyg/ ½G m wG i f touf 30 t½G , f jynf h j ynf h w if ; wif ;
jznfph u
G af vhvm&ef
acsmacsmvSvS racsmjzLqdkol aps;onfrudk bdk;u rsufpdusonf/
1/ rSefuefjcif;ESifh &J&ifhjcif;pum;ajyt& &oESifh todtjrifudk (racsmjzLrS m vnf ; ud k , f u sif h azmuf j yef arsmuf r xm;wwf & m
azmfxw k w f ifjyyg/ ,ciftdrfaxmufbufu yufyif; rdcJhao;onf/) racsmj z Lonf
2/ ....wGif rnfonfh oifcef;pmrsm;&oenf;? ay:viG af tmif ajzyg/ vuf½Sdtdrfaxmifjzpfol bdef;pm; udkzdk;qdkifESifh aygif;zufum
ukepf akH &mif;? rke[
Yf if;cg;a&mif; aps;onfb0jzifh ½So d nf/ bd;k onf
GGGGGG pma&;ol ( uav;b0)tm; racsmjzL\ rk e f Y [ if ; cg;ud k

0,fauR;[efjyKvsuf a*:Zmwfvrf;cif;ae&m tdro f m;rsm;(bd;k \
&nf½, G cf suEf iS hf a&;zJUG ykH ZeD;? orD;ESihf om;rufw)Ykd uyif &dyrf u d m bd;k ukd rESpNf rKd UMuawmhacs/
]rSeu f efjcif;ESihf &J&ifjh cif;} pum;ajyonf 0w¬Kq&mBu;D aemufyikd ;f wGif bde;f ( ig;usyof m; vufy;l vufy;l vuf Muyfr)d
aomfwmaqG\ 0w¬Kwkd wpfy'k f jzpfygonf/ rSeu f efjcif;ESihf &J&ifjh cif; rIjzifh udkzdk;qdkifwpfa,muf axmifwGif;odkY a&muf&onfrSm
onf tpOftNrJ 'Gew f aGJ eaMumif;? rlvu rnfrQyif &J&ifah pumrl bd;k vufcsuf jzpfonf[k &yf½mG u a0zefu&hJ UJ onfomru bd;k udk
rrSeuf efaomtrIukd jyKvu kd rf Nd y[
D k odNy;D aemufwiG f &J&ifjh cif;wdo Ykd nf MuOfz,fvmMuonf/ bd;k \ tdro f l tr,fBu;D ESihf orD;? orufwYkd
aysmufu, G of mG ;um aMumuf½UGH ot l jzpfoYkd a&muf½o dS mG ;&aMumif; bd;k ESihf tap;ruyfawmhbJ t&yfwpfyg;odYk ajymif;a½To Y mG ;onfwiG f
oifcef;pm,l odjrifapvdjk cif;onf þpum;ajy\ &nf½, G cf suf racsmjzLwpfa,muf bd;k tdraf y:oYkd bGi;f bGi;f Bu;D a&mufavonfh
jzpfygonf/ jzpfpOfwdkYudk azmfjyNyD;aemuf bd;k \ ed*;kH ydik ;f udk a&;jyygonf/ xdo k Ykd
q&maomfwmaqGonf þoabmudk xif½mS ;ap&ef racsmjzLa&mufNy;D aemufaeY eHeufwiG f olrY cd if touf (60) t½G,f
0w¬Kwpfy'k jf zifh om"uaqmifrnf[k qdkvdkufygonf/ olwt Ykd &yf½dS tr,fBu;D aqmif"m;½SnBf u;D udk udik u f m bd;k \ tdr0f if;twGi;f
q,fckdifolBuD; OD;atmif'Gef;qdkolrSm olY0w¬K\ t"duZmwf a&muf ½ S d a eyH k ? "m;a&mif wvuf v uf j zif h bd k ; ud k
aqmifjzpfonf/ pdrfac:Budrf;armif;yHkwdkYudk a&;xm;ygonf/ rcHr&yfEkdifatmif
trsux f u G af eol tr,fBu;D \ EIwaf jymtrlt&mESihf jyKryl u kH kd - 'Gew
f v
GJ su½f adS om ]rSeu
f efjcif;ESihf &J&ifjh cif;} ôlBu;D OD;atmif'eG ;f \
] [Jh atmif'Gef;? eifAvaumif;vSw,f? Zmwfvrf;
owådaumif;vSw,f qdk? BudKufwJh vufeufudkifNyD; rSeu f efjcif;ESihf &J&ifjh cif;onf tpOftNrJ 'Gew f aGJ eaMumif;
wHcg;zGifh qif;cJhprf;..} ( rlvu rnfrQyif &J&ifah pumrl rrSeuf efaomtrIukd jyKvduk rf Nd y[D k odNy;D aemufwiG f &J&ifjh cif;wdoYk nf
]csvGrf...} aysmufuG,foGm;um aMumuf½HGUoltjzpfodkY avQmus oGm;&aMumif; )udk 0w¬Kq&mBu;D
ponfjzifh a&;zJUG xm;onf/ tdref &H t H umudyk if "m;ESihf tBurd Bf urd f
aomf w maqG \ ]rS e f u ef j cif ; ES i f h &J & if h j cif ; } 0w¬ K wd k
ypfcwfyHk? ]r,mcd k ; &J U } ]vl U w d & ppää mef (rSolBuD;OD;atmif'Gef;Zmwfvrf;)wGif txift½Sm;) awGU
m ef& J U } [líyif qJqdkyHkwdkYjzifh
ay:viG af tmif a&;xm;onf/ ESpv jrif&onf/
f ;kH jyL;ydik ½f iS f bd;k wpfa,muf
rwkHYjyef0Hhonfudk ½SpfESpf? udk;ESpf t½G,fom jzpfonfh pma&;olu OD;atmif'eG ;f qdo k rl mS 0w¬Kq&mi,fpOfb0u olw½Ykd mG ½Sd
em;rvnfEikd cf [ hJ k qdo k nf/ odEYk iS hf zcifxH csO;f uyfum ar;yH?k olBuD;jzpfonf/ q,fcdkifolBuD;&mxl;udk &xm;onf/ &J&ifhol?
ajzyHw k uYkd vkd nf; - owå½d o dS tl jzpf xif½mS ; ausmMf um;vSonf/ emrnfaumif; vufrw S f
.bdk;u 'Dtr,fBuD; ydefydefuav;rsm;?
].bd ½So
d nf/ wpfntdyf csKyaf ESmifciG hf ESihf 'PfaiG ig;usyf wyf½u kd cf iG hf
bmvdkYaMumuf ae&ovJ? atmufqif;NyD; tmPmudv k nf; &onf/
zrf;vdkufa&maygh?....EdkYNyD; bdk;u olBuD;/}
][Jh bmBuD; jzpfaeae? udk,fhtrSm;vkyfrdwJh 0w¬ K Zmwf v rf ; wG i f ES p f v H k ; jyL;aoewf u d k i f & yH k ?
tcgrSm rSefoludk &ifrqdkif0hHawmhbl;? tmPmyg0gomru cG e f ; tm;AvBuD ; rm;yH k ponf w d k Y u d k
aMumufaea&m? 'g[m w&m;oabmyJJ/}} OD;atmif'Gef;\ xl;uJ&J&ifhaom *kPf&nfrsm;tjzpf tm;uszG,f
]uRefawmf em;rvnfygbl; taz&m} awGUEikd o f nf/
]at; ighom; BuD;awmh em;vnfygvdrfhr,f} xdjYk yif OD;atmif'eG ;f ausmay:wiG f e*g;½ky?f *VKe½f yk ?f
ponfjzifh tcst D cs[ef wifqufxm;onf/ aZmf * sD ½ k y f ? aMumif ½ k y f ? usm;½k y f ponf h aq;eD ? aq;euf
odkYESifh OD;atmif'Gef;rSm *kPfodu©m tzwf q,fr& rifaMumift½kyw f u Ykd kd jrif&ojzifh 0w¬Kq&mi,fpOf uav;obm0
avmuf a tmif usqif ; vsuf ½G m ud k wd w f w qd w f pG e f Y c G m ? tm½Hu k s ESpNf cKd uu f m t½kyu f m;[k ac:co hJ nf/ ajcqH;k ? acgi;f qH;k
t&yf w pf y g;ü Zmwf ` rS K yf u m ae&if ; ? pd w f q if ; &J ud k , f xdk;uGif;rsm;½Sdao;&m olYtjrifwGif bdk;(OD;atmif'Gef;)onf
qif ; &J B uD ; pG m jzif h b0ed * H k ; csKyf a wmh o nf [ k tqH k ; owf cHEikd pf rG ;f &nfowåd jyñfo h v
l nf; jzpfayonf[k txifBu;D tm;us&
wifjyxm;onf/ jyefonf/
þodkYvQif rSefuefjcif;ESifh&J&ifhjcif; 'GefwJGaeyHk? rlvu &yf½GmpDrHcefYcJGa&;wGifomru tvSL? r*Fvmaqmif?
&J&ifoh l jzpfap rrSeo f nfukd jyKrod nfEiS hf ud, k yhf wf0ef;usiu f ykd if
bdou d cf ?H Mobm&wkzwf? 0w¬K ZmwfaMumif;ajymol ponfjzifh
&ifrqdkif0HhawmhyHk paom oabm (olYapwem) &nf½G,fcsuf vnf; wGiu f s,o f nf/
ay:vG i f a tmif 0w¬ K q&mu þod k Y v Qif a&;zJ G U wif q uf od k Y a omf bk d ; (OD ; atmif ' G e f ; )wpf a ,muf touf
xm;ygownf;/ / ig;q,fausmf t½G,f½SdumrS &J&ifhol? *kPfoa&BuD;ol tjzpfrS
avQmus cJ&h avonf/
½G m wG i f touf 30 t½G , f jynf h j ynf h w if ; wif ;
acsmacsmvSvS racsmjzLqdkol aps;onfrudk bdk;u rsufpdus&mrS
- ]rSefuefjcif;ESifh &J&ifhjcif;} 'GefwJGvsuf½SdaMumif; ^pdwf0ifpm;zG,f
ponf/ (racsmjzLrSmvnf; udk,fusifh azmufjyef arsmufrxm;wwf&m
a&;yg/^ wif j yajzqd k y g/^..rS rrS e f r uef vk y f r d í &J & if h j cif ;
,ciftdrfaxmufbufu yufyif; rdcJhao;onf/) racsmj z Lonf
aysmufuG,f&aom olBuD;OD;atmif'Gef;\ Zmwfvrf;udk o½kyfazmf
vuf½Sdtdrfaxmifjzpfol bdef;pm; udkzdk;qdkifESifh aygif;zufum
wifjyyg/
ukepf akH &mif;? rke[ Yf if;cg;a&mif; aps;onfb0jzifh ½So d nf/ bd;k onf
tdrfwGif a&mufaewwfol 0w¬Ka&;ol(uav;i,ft½G,f)tm;

rke[ Yf if;cg; 0,fauR;[efjyKvsuf racsmjzLESihf a*:Zmwfvrf;cif;ae&m usqif;vsuf ½GmrS wdwfwqdwf pGecYf mG &onf/ EIwq
P165
f uforl ½S/d
tdro f m;rsm;uyif &dyrf u d m bd;k ukd rESpNf rKd UMuawmhacs/ tdrfoltr,fBuD;ESifh orD;wdkY ½GmodkY jyefvmae0Hhaomfvnf;
aemufyikd ;f wGif bde;f ( ig;usyo f m; vufy;l vufy;l vufMuyfr)d olBu;D OD;atmif'eG ;f rSm t&yfwpfyg;ü Zmwf`rKS yu f m ae&if;? pdwq f if;&J
rIjzifh udkzdk;qdkifwpfa,muf axmifwGif;odkY a&muf&onf/ ud k , f q if ; &J j cif ; BuD ; pG m jzif h b0ed * H k ; csKyf & av&m oH a 0*&
bd;k vufcsuf jzpfonf[k &yf½mG u a0zefu&hJ UJ onfomru bd;k udk oifcef;pm,lz, G f jzpfayonf/
MuOfz,fvmMuonf/ rSeu f efjcif;ESihf &J&ifjh cif; 'Gewf aGJ eyHk (rlvu &J&ifhol jzpfap
bd k ; \ td r f o l t r,f B uD ; ES i f h orD ; ? oruf w d k Y rrSeof nfukd jyKrod nfEiS hf &J0YjH cif;wdYk aysmufu,.g,fav&m ud,k hf ywf0ef;usifuykd if
bd k ; ES i f h t csif ; rsm;um Zmwd ½ G m od k Y ajymif ; a½T Y o G m ;onf w G i f &ifrqdik 0f hH awmhyHk paom oabm) udk þodv Yk Qif qifjcifojd rifEikd yf gownf;/
racsmjzLwpfa,muf bd;k tdraf y:oYkd bGi;f bGi;f Bu;D a&mufavonf/
odaYk omf bd;k twGuf atmifyrGJ [kw/f
xdok Ykd racsmjzLa&mufNy;D aemufaeY eHeufwiG f olrY cd if
touf (60) t½G,f tr,fBu;D aqmif"m;½SnBf u;D udk udik u f m rSefuefjcif;ESifh &J&ifhjcif;rS avhvmzG,f tvuFm
bd;k \ tdr0f if;twGi;f a&muf½adS eyH?k "m;a&mif wvufvufjzifh 89
89/ owdåcJ (0uF0kwdå)(þazudk,f owådcJu taz csKyfudkifxm;onfh
bd;k udpk rd af c:Burd ;f armif;yHwk uYkd kd jrif&ygawmhonf/ rcHr&yfEidk af tmif vufxJrS ukef;atmf½kef;xGufojzifh usm;½kyfrjzpf <uuf½kyfuav;vdkvdk...)
]]rSefuefjcif;ESifh &J&ifhjcif;}}pum;ajywGif pma&;ol i,fpOfu
trsux f u G af eol tr,fBu;D rSm -
aq;rifxdk;cHzdkU xdwfvefYaMumuf½GHUcJYyHkudk ZmwfaMumif; jyef&mü
][Jh atmif'Gef;? eifAvaumif;vSw,f? oHk;xm;ygonf/
owådaumif;vSw,fqdk? xd w f v ef U aMumuf ½ H G U vG e f ; ol [ k wd k u f ½ d k u f r qd k b J
BudKufwJh vufeufudkifNyD; wHcg;zGifh qif;cJhprf;..}} oa&mfavSmifum ]owådcJ (tpGrf;owdåtwHk;tcJ)}[k oG,f0dkuf
ponfjzihf pdraf c:avonf/ aqmif"m;jzifh ypfcwfjyef&m tdraf y:e&H uH kd a&;zJGUxm;aomaMumifh...../
-
90/ <uuf½kyfuav;vdkvdk(Oyrm)
]] csvGrf.......}} ................. ( txuf 89 twdkif; ajzyg )/
[k xdrSefonf/ xdkYjyif ]r,mcdk;&JU} ]vlUwd&ppäämef m ef& J U }[líyif usm;½kyftoGifysufoGm;onfh aq;rif½kyf(tEIdif;cH)udk
qJqdkonf/ oHk;? av;? ig;&uf qufwdkuf eHeufwdkif; vma&muf <uuf½kyfuav;(tEIdif;)ESifh tpGrf;owådedrfhoGm;yHk*kPf&nfwltjzpf../
Bud r f ; armif ; aeonf / ES p f v H k ; jyL;yd k i f ½ S i f bd k ; wpf a ,muf rSwfcsuf
rwkHYjyef0Hhonfudk ½SpfESpf? udk;ESpf t½G,fom jzpfonfh pma&;olu 91/ ajc&meif; (0uF0kwdå) (..tcg bdk;u vGefpGmoabmusvS\/
em;rvnfEikd o f jzifh zcifxH pl;prf;rdy?kH zcifu ajzyHw k u Ykd v kd nf; - ]]armif q ,f ? rif ; om; B u D ; &if ig h a j c &meif ;vdrfYr,f/}} [k *kPf,lajymqdk )
]]bdk;u 'Dtr,fBuD; ydefydefuav;rsm;? bmvdkYaMumuf ]].............}}pum;ajywGif bd;k \ tpGr;f owdx å ufyrkH sm;udk
tm;usol ajr;i,ftjzpf pmqdu k ZmwfaMumif;ajym&mü oH;k xm;
ae&ovJ? atmufqif;NyD; zrf;vdkufa&maygh?.. ygonf/
EdkYNyD; bdk;u olBuD;/}}
bdk;jzpfol\ *kPftpOftvmudk qufcHenf;,lonf[k
]][Jh bmBuD; jzpfaeae? udk,fhtrSm;vkyfrdwJhtcgrSm wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]]ajc&meif;}}[k oG,f0dkuf ......./
rSefoludk &ifrqdkif0hHawmhbl;? aMumufaea&m? rSwfcsuf
'g[mw&m;oabmyJ J / }} 92/ ckw;kH vkyf (0uF0w k )åd (..bdk;u uRefawmhudk ckwHk;vkyfí
reuf w d k i f ; racsmjzL rk e f Y [ if ; cg;vmwd k i f ; ...]]a[h 'D a eY rk e f Y [ if ; cg;
]]uRefawmf em;rvnfygbl; taz&m}} pm;OD;rvm;}}ar;onf/ )
]]at; ighom; BuD;awmh em;vnfygvdrfhr,f}} ]].......}}wGif bd;k jzpfou
l ajr;i,fukd tvkv
d u
kd [
f efjyKum
ponfjzifh awGUEdkifonf/ rSefuefjcif; r½Sdojzifh &J&ifhjcif; rdef;rydk;yef;wwfaMumif; ZmwfaMumif;ajym&mü pmqdku oHk;xm;
aysmufu, G af vNy/D ygonf/
rd r d t rS m ;aMumif h rS e f o l u d k &if r qd k i f 0 H h a wmh a om taMumif;&if;r[kwfonfudk [kwfav[ef taMumif;
OD ; atmif ' G e f ; rS m *k P f o d u © m tzwf q ,f r &avmuf a tmif j y onf [ k wd kuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]]......}} [k oG,f0dkuf ............/
Q
166 rSwfcsuf
wuúodkvf0ifwef;jrefrmpm
93/ ESmacgif;½IHU (0uF0kwdå) (18)jrefrmrI
( bdk;\ tdrfom;rsm;uawmh ESmacg;½HIMuNyD;? &dyfrdaeMuNyD/ ) jrefrmrIonf OD;rif;Edik \f ],Ofaus;rIrw
d f quf }pmtkyrf S
]]....... }}wGif bdk;jzpfol\ ravsmfuefaom tjyKtrludk tcef;wpfcef; jzpfonf/
tdrfom;wdkU rvdkvm;aMumif; pmqdkuZmwfaMumif; ajym&mü OD;rif;Edkif
oHk;x;ygonf/
ykw;D uke;f Zmwd/ pmay yef;csüD 0goemxHck /hJ ,Ofaus;rI
rESpo f uf rvdv k m;[ef jyKMuonf[k wdu k ½f u
kd rf qdb
k J t&m½Sd tjzpf trIxrf;cJ/h txl;ojzifh wdik ;f &if;om; ,Ofaus;rI
]]............}}[k oG,f0dkuf a&;zJGUxm;aomaMumifh ............... / qdik &f m pmtkyrf sm;jyKpck o
hJ nf/ yef;ynm½Sirf sm;tzJUG wiG f ODaqmif
rS w f c suf OD;½Guf jyKcJhonf/
94/ Zmwf q &m (0uF 0 k w d å ) ( ol Y Z mwf u m;wG i f u m;
olomZmwfq&m? tjcm;Zmwfq&mudk vufrcHawmhNyD/ ) jrefrmrif;Edkif vGwf ,Of quf jyKpkcJhonfh pmtkyfrsm;
]].........}}wG i f bd k ; jzpf o l u d k &yf ½ G m vl B uD ; wd k U u jynfaxmifpk tuya'om
xdef;ausmif; yJhjyifzdkY rpGrf;omaMumif; ZmwfaMumif;jyefpum; wdwYk ikd ;f &if;om; jynfaxmifpo k m;
tjzpfpmqdku oHk;xm; ygonf/ raem
pDrHcefYcJGU ol[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]......}[k oG,f0dkuf..../ ulx;kd Ad;k
95/ csvrG (f jrnfopH )JG &cdik f 0w¬KyjkH yif
( tdraf ½SY eH&t
H umudk ol"Y m;ESihf ypfvu
kd o
f nf/ xdaYk emufjyef aumufum.........)
&cdik af w;oH
]]..........}}wGif q,fcdkifolBuD; OD;atmif'Gef; rrSefruef aoG;csi;f wdYk aysmo f nfah jr
usL;vGeyf u kH kd jypfwifonfh tr,fBu;D \ trlt&mudk azmfneT ;f &mü wdaYk oG; wd;k om; wdik ;f &if;om;
........../ jrefrmESihf wdik ;f &if;om; pum;yHk
,Ofaus;rI rdwfquf
tdrfa½SUeH&Htumudk aqmif"m;jzifh ypfcwfxdrSef&mrS
ar;cGef; 4/(u)twGuf pHjyKzG,f ar;cGef;wdkrsm;
xGufay:onhf jrnfoH]csvGrf}udk xnfhoGif;a&;zJGUxm;aomaMumifh
................../ 1/ OD;rif;EdkifjyKpkonfh wdkif;&if;om; ,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m
pmwpftyk t f rnfuakd jzyg/
96/ vlYwd&pämef(½lyu) (]]a[hatmif'Gef; r,m;cdk;&JU? vlYwd&pämef&JU? eif 2/ &cdik af w;oHom^....^.....^.... pmtkyu f kd rnfojl yKpok enf;/
ighoruftdwfxJ twif; bdef;xnfhNyD; eifhaemufawmfyg.....}} ) 3/ yef;ynm½Sifrsm;toif;wGif OD;aqmif OD;½GufjyKcJhol pmqdkrSm
]]......}}wGif OD;atmif'Gef; rrSefruefusL;vGefonf udk rnfoel nf;/
jypfwifonfh aqmif"m;udkif tr,fBuD;\ EIwfajymtrlt&mudk 4/ q&mOD;rif;Edik o f nf txl;ojzifh rnfoaYkd ompmtkyrf sm;udk
azmfnTef; &mü ..../
jyKpck o
hJ enf;/
qifjcifwHkw&m;rJhjyKyHk *kPf&nfcsif;wlonfh olBuD; 5/ ,Of a us;rI r d w f q uf ^ aoG ; csif ; wd k Y a ysmf o nf h a jr ud k
OD;atmif'Gef;(tEdIif;cH)ESifh wd&pämef(tEdIif;)wdkYudk tEdIif;xyfwljyK rnfoal &;oenf;/
xm;ojzifh ½lyu......./ 6/ edygwf qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/
rSwfcsuf 7/ jrefrmrI qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/^ jrefrmrIpum;ajywGif
97/ tzwfq,fr&(0uF0w k )åd ( OD ; atmif ' G e f ; um;
*kPfodu©m tzwfq,f r&avmufatmif usqif;aví ½GmodkY jyefNyD; rnfonft h aMumif;udk a&;xm;oenf;/
rcsOf;uyf&Jawmhay/ ) 8/ yef;warmhonf rnfoaYkd om ynmenf;/
]]....}}wG i f ol B uD ; OD ; atmif ' G e f ; (bd k ; jzpf o l ) 9/ eH&Hyef;csD â½TZ0gÂk'¨0if^550 ^rkj'mqdkonfrSmtb,fenf;/
rw&m;rIjyKojzifh t½Suf&um b0&yfwnfrI ysufokOf;&yHkudk
ZmwfaMumif; jyef&mü oHk;xm;ygonf/ arcGef; 4/(c) twGuf jyifqifxm;&ef ar;cGef; a[mif;rsm;
,cif½Sdxm;onfh *kPfaus;Zl;wdkUyg tusdK;rJhvufvGwf 1/ ] jrefrmrI }rS rSwfom;zG,f&mrsm;udk wifjyyg/ ^rnfonfh
qHk;½HI;&onf[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ].....}[k oG,f0dkufa&;zJGUxm; rSwo f m;zG,&f mrsm;udk odrwS &f oenf;/
............../ 2/ ]jrefrmrI}ta&;ygyukH kd rnfow Ykd ifjyxm;oenf;/
3/ ]jrefrmrI}rsm;teuf yef;ynmESihf oufqikd af om A[kow
k rsm;udk
avhvm wifjyyg/^yef;q,frsKd;\ tES p f o m&ES i f h w ef z d k ; u
udk
pdw0f ifpm;zG,f wifjyyg/
&nf½, G cf suf xdjYk yif a½Tcsnx f ;kd ? aiGcsnx f ;kd ? rSepf aD ½Tcs? abmfMu,fpjD cif;
jrefrmrIrsm;teuf ]yef;}ESihf pyfqikd &f m jrefrmh ,Ofaus;rIwYkd ponfh trGrf;trHynm&yfrsm;vnf; qifyh mG ;xGe;f um;cJo h nf/
wpfrs;kd ESihf wpfrsK;d qufE, G f ½Sio
f efcyhJ w kH u
Ykd kd rdwq f ufwifjyvdo k nfh ewf? odMum;? jAjA[® j A m? 0dZÆm? aZmf*sD? rE rEkó[ D ? jcaoF?h
½nf½, G cf suf jzpfygonf/ [oFm? ( ,u©? ukrÇr ÇP f ? *E *EÄÁ a'gif;? u&0dw?f *VKe?f e*g;? e&m;?
ar;cGef;½Snf avhvmcsuf qif? jrif;? )udEé&D? udEé&m? ruef; ponfh owå0gwdkYudk yef;vuf&m
&efuek -f ]jrefrmrI pum;ajy}rS yef;q,frsK;d \ tESpo f m&ESifh toGiftrsKd;rsKd;jzifh jrifEdkifyrkH mS vnf; t&omwpfrsK;d yif jzpfygonf/
wefz;kd udk pdw0f ifpm;zG,f wifjyyg/ qif;wktoD;oD;wGif vufawmf[ef rkj'm toGit f rsK;d rsK;d ?
yef;q,frsK;d \ tESpo f m&ESihf wefz;kd (taMumif;tcsuyf ikd ;f ) y'k r ® m Mum\ zl ; [ef ? iH k [ ef ? yG i f h [ ef w d k Y u d k tajcjyK x m;onf h
OD ; rif ; Ed k i f \ ,Of a us;rI r d w f q uf pmtk y f r S oriftoGif[ef trsKd;rsKd;? yef;cufyef;EG,f trsKd;rsKd;wdkYudk
tcef;wpfcef;jzpfonfh ]jrefrmrI} oifcef;pmwGif jrefrmrIrsm;jzpfonfh tqef;wMu,f awGUEikd jf yef&m pdw0f ifp&m aumif;vSygonf/
yef;q,frsK;d \ tESpo f m&ESihf wefz;kd udk ^ yef;q,frsKd;\ ta&;ygyHkudk
xdaYk Mumifh te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS bk&m;? ykx;kd ? *l? ausmif;?
pdw0f ifpm;zG,f avhvm jrifawGU&ygonf/
wefaqmif;? Z&yfwo Ykd nf jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI tEkvuf&mwdYk pka0;&m
pum;ajy\tprSmyif ]]jrefrmwdkY tpOftvm tvmt&
t vm Ak',© Ofaus;rI jywdu k Bf u;D rsm;ozG,f jzpfvmcJyh gonf/
0wfpm;qif,if ajymqdk aexdkifrI tm;vHk;wdkYonfyif jrefrmrI}}
xdktEkvuf&mwdkYudk zl;ajrmf&mrS Ak'¨\ wefc;kd jym#d[mjycef;wGif
jzpf a Mumif ; ? tpOf t vm qd k & mwG i f ord k i f ; pOf w pf a vQmuf
thHMojcif;? 'geyg&rDBu;D jrwfyw kH iG f tm;usjcif;? bl&d'wfe*g;rif;ZmwfwGif
tdref ;D csi;f Ekid if wH \Ykd ,Ofaus;rIwu Ykd kd usio hf ;kH cJNh y;D aemuf wpfpwpfp
oDvapmifhxdef;jcif;tusKd;tmedoifudk odjrifjcif;? ok0PoQH jrm;rSecf ef;wGif
jref r mh a &ajr obm obm0ES i f h ud k u f n D a tmif jyKjyif aexd k i f
opömw&m;\ av;euf[efukd qifjcifawG;qjcif;? y#mpm&DZmwf½yk wf iG f
vufqifu h rf;cJ&h mrS jref r mmrIwYkd yDyjD yifjyif ay:xeG ;f vmcJah Mumif;
u½kPmoufum w&m;&jcif;? w&m;OD;a[mcef;wGif 0rf;ajrmufom"kac:um
od&onf/
"r®m½Hük aysmaf rGUvsuf pdww f nfNird af t;csr;f rI&oyGm;cGi&hf Edik yf gonf/
,Ofaus;rI\ tajccHjzpfaom jrefrmpmayta&;tom;onf tyef;vnf;ajy? ynmvnf;wd;k ? ukov kd v
f nf;&Edik o f nfh jrefrmrI
tdE´d,awmifydkif;rS jA[®Dtu©&mudk tajccHum yk*HacwfrSpí yef;q,frsK;d yif jzpfygonf/
ay:xeG ;f cJNh y;D ? jrefrmpmay? *DwtEkock rk ? qif,ifx;kH zJUG rI tpkpw k iG f þonfyifvQif jrefrmrItEkvuf&m yef;q,frsKd;wdkY\
wpf r sKd ; wpf b mom qef ; opf v mcJ h M uonf [ k v nf ; tESpo f m&ESihf wefz;kd [k qdt k yfygownf;/ /
odjrifrw S o f m;&ygonf/
jrefrmwdo Yk nf t,l0g'tm;jzifv h nf; Ak', ¨ Ofaus;rIukd cH,cl &hJ m ]jrefrmrIpum;ajy}wGif jrefrmrIrsm;\ ta&;ygyHkudk
bmoma&;qdik &f m taqmufttHw k w
Ykd iG f o'g̈Munfñkd pdwt f avsmuf rnfoYkd wifjyxm;oenf;/ (ta&;tzJUG ½Iaxmif)h
rGr;f rHjc,focJMh u&m yef;q,frsK;d wdYk xGe;f um; vmawmhonf/ ,Ofaus;rIrw d q f uf pmtkyrf S tcef;wpfcef;jzpfonfh
*lbk&m;wdkYwGif twGi;f buf eH&?H rsufEmS Muuf? wdik zf ;kH ? ezl;pD;wdüYk ]jr ef
r mrI
} oif cef ;pmwG i f OD ;rif;Edik o f nf jrefrmrIrsm;\ ta&;ygyu kH kd
eH&yH ef;csv D uf&mrsm; a&;cJjh yef&m eH&efyef;cs[ D íl oD;jcm;ay:xeG ;f cJNh y;D (yef;q,frsKd;\ tESpfom&ESifh wefzdk;udk)^ (yef;q,frsKd;\ ta&;ygyHkudk)
Ak'Z¨ mwfeyd gww f u Ykd kd ½kyjf yZmwfvrf;ozG,f ½Ipm;Edik &f m Ak', ¨ Ofaus;rI pdw0f ifpm;zG,f jzpfatmif wifjyxm;ygonf/
jyefYyGm;a&;twGuf taxmuftyhHaumif; jzpfcJhjcif;rSmvnf; pum;ajy\tprSmyif ]]jrefrmwdkY tpOftvm tvmt&
t vm
pdw0f ifpm;zG,yf if jzpfygonf/ 0wf p m;qif , if aj y mqd k aexd k i f r I tm;vH k ; wd k Y o nf y if jrefrmrI }
jzpf a Mumif ; zG i f h q d k j yonf / tpOf t v mmqd k & mwG i f v nf ;
tkwu f d k p Donfh yef;&eftwwf? ´t*Fawyef awyef; ½kyfv;kH ordkif;pOfwpfavQmuf tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHwdkY\ ,Ofaus;rIwdkYudk
½kyf<uynm jzpfonfh yef;awmhtwwfwdkYESifhtwl qif ; wk usif h o H k ; cJ h N yD ; aemuf wpf p wpf p jref r mh a &ajr obm obm0ES i f h
trsK;d rsK;d wGif rud#k ?f pvG,f paom qif,ifz, G t f rsK;d rs;d udk jyKvyk f udkufnDatmif jyKjyif aexdkif vufqifhurf;cJh&mrS jref r mmrIwdkY
onfh a½Tyef;xdr?f aiGyef;xdrt f wwf? ES D ; 0g; 0g;wdkYudk tajc tajccHum yDyjD yifjyif ay:xeG ;f vmcJah Mumif; ½Si;f vif;xm;onf/
,Ge;f xnftrsKd ;rsK;d jyKvyk o f nfh yef,eG ;f twwf paom yef;twwf
trsKd;rsKd;xGef;um;cJhonf/ þwGif pnf;vHk;nDnGwfpGm t"Ge½Yf n S Mf um aexdik cf &hJ mrS
Q
jrefrmh vlaY bmiftzJUGtpnf; tajcusum ,Ofaus;rItqift h wef;vnf; qif? jrif;? udEé&D? udEé&m? ruef; ) ponfh owå0gwdkYudk yef;vuf&m
jrifrh m;vmcJah Mumif; oH;k oyfa&;om; xm;ygonf/ toGit f rsK;d rsK;d jzifh jrifEikd af Mumif;vnf; a&;om;xm;onf/
rSwfom;zG,f tjzpf jrefrmpmayta&;tom;onf tdE´d, qif;wktoD;oD;wGif vufawmf[ef rkj'mtoGiftrsKd;rsKd;udk
awmifyikd ;f rS jA[®t D u©&mudk tajccHum yk*aH cwfrpS í ay:xeG ;f cJNh y;D ? zl;awGUEikd yf ?kH y'kr®mMum\ zl;[ef? iH[ k ef? yGi[hf efwu Ykd kd tajcjyKxm;onfh
jrefrmpmay? *DwtEkokckr? qif,ifxHk;zJGUrI tpkpkwGif wpfrsKd; oriftoGif[ef trsKd;rsKd;? yef;cufyef;EG,f trsKd;rsKd;wdkYudk
wpfbmom qef;opfvmcJhMujcif;udkvnf; wifjyxm;onf/ tqef;wMu,f awGUEikd yf u kH v kd nf; pdw0f ifpm;zG,t f jzpf wifjyonf/
qufvufí jrefrmhyef;ynm ½SifoefvmrIonf t,l0g'ESifh tm½HkcHwefaqmif;Bu;D rsm;twGi;f wdik v f ;kH Bu;D rsm;wGif a½TZ0g
qufpyfaeaMumif;? Ak', ¨ Ofaus;rIukd cH,cl MhJu&mrS bmoma&;qdik &f m a&;xm;onfh yef;trsK;d rsK;d ESihf ewf? odMum;? jA[®m½kyf trsK;d rsK;d rSm
taqmufttHkwdkY0,f o'¨gMunfñdkpdwf\ vSHKUaqmfrItavsmuf ½IrNi;D pzG,f jzpfaMumif;udv k nf; wifjya&;om;xmonf/
rGrf;rHjc,focJhMu&mrS yef;q,frsKd;wdkY xGef;um;cJhyHk wdkYudk xdaYk Mumifh te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS bk&m;? ykxdk;? *l? ausmif;? wefaqmif;?
½Si;f vif;xm;onf/ Z&yfwdkYonf jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI tEkvuf&mwdkY pka0;&m jzpfcJhyHkudk
jymom'f wefaqmif;wdkYwGif uEkwcf suo f iG ;f í yef;cuftrsK;d rsK;d pmqdu k -
xkxiG ;f yHuk -kd ]]...Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI jywdkufBuD;rsm;ozG,f }}
]] wpfxyf?ESpfxyf?oHk;xyf? av;xyf? ig;xyf [k cdik ;f EdiI ;f wifjyxm;yHrk mS qDavsmx f rd v d yS gonf/
poñhf vuf&majrmuf txyfyef;rsm;jzpf xd k Y j yif tyef ; vnf ; ajy? ynmvnf ; wd k ; ?
ay:vmonf}} ukov kd v f nf; yGm;Edik o f nfh jrefrmrIyef;ynmrsm; jzpfaMumif;udk
[k ESpo f ufcpH m;zG,f jzpfatmifwifjyonf/ -
*lbk&m;wdkYwGif twGif;buf eH&H? rsufESmMuuf? wdkifzHk;? ]]xdktEkvuf&mwdkYudk zl;ajrmf&mrS Ak'¨\wefcdk;jym#d[m
ezl;pD;wdüYk eH&aH q;a&;yef;vuf&mrsm; awGUEikd yf u kH v
kd nf; - jycef;wGif thHMojcif;? 'ge yg&rDBuD;jrwfyHkwGif
'geyg
]]........eH&efyef;csD[lí ynmwpf&yf oD;oD;oefYoefY tm;usjcif;....}}
ay:xGufvmonf/}} ]] w&m;OD;a[mcef;wGif 0rf;ajrmufom"k om"kac:umum
ponfjzifh oH;k oyfa&;om;xm;ygonf/ "r®m½Hkü aysmfarGUvsuf pdwfwnfNidrat;csrf fat;csrf;rrII&o
eH&Hyef;csDwdkY\ ta&;ygyHkuv kd nf; - yGm;cGifh &Edkifygonf/}}
]].....Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI½kyfjyZmwfvrf;ozG,f}} onfjzifh azmfusL;a&;om;xm;ygonf/
[k Oyrmay;onf / ]vuf e uf a umif ; wpf & yf } [k v nf ; jrefrmrI pum;ajywGif jrefrmrIw\ Ykd ta&;ygyukH (kd
rSwcf suaf y;onf/ jrefrmrItEkvuf&m yef;q,frsK;d wdYk \ tESpof m&ESihf wefz;kd udk ) þodkYvQif
þonf r S m Ak ' ¨ , Of a us;rI jyef Y y G m ;a&;twG u f a&;om;wifjyxm;ygownf;/ /
taxmuf t yh H a umif ; wpf & yf jzpf c J h a Mumif ; od o matmif
wifjyjcif;yif jzpfonf/
þodkYvQif jrefrmwdo Yk nf ,HMk unfo'¨gw&m; aygi;f pyfvsuf ysif;&djcif;....
vrf;ppdwu f ;l qifu h m yef;ynmtoD;oD; tajccdik rf m xGe;f um; ysif;&daomol twwfynm r&Edkif/
vmcJ h a Mumif ; ud k quf ½ S i f ; jyum yef ; twwf trsKd ; rsKd ; twwfynmrJhol OpömpD;yGm; r&Edkif/
xGe;f um;vmcJyh u kH kd pHak phatmif a&;om;xm;ygonf/ OpömpD;yGm;r½Sdol taqGcifyGef;aumif; r&Edkif/
xdjYk yif a½Tcsnx f ;kd ? aiGcsnx
f ;kd ? rSepf aD ½Tcs? abmfMu,fpjD cif; taqGcifyGef;aumif; r½Sdol csrf;omokc r&Edkif/
ponfh trGrf;trH ynm&yfrsm;vnf; qifyh mG ;xGe;f um;cJo h nf[k qdo k nf/ csrf;omokcrJhaomf aumif;rIudkodkvf rjyKEdkifawmhay/ /
ewf? odMum;? jAjA[® j A m? 0dZÆm? aZmf*sD? rE rEkó[ D ? jcaoF?h
[oFm? (,u©? ukrÇr ÇP f ? *E *EÄ?Á a'gif;? u&0dw?f *VKe?f e*g;? e&m;?
jrefrmrIrS avhvmzG,f tvuFmrsm; 0guszJGU avhusifhcef;rsm; pkpnf;csuf
P169
/98
98/ ½kyjf yZmwfvrf;ozG,(f Oyrm) ( eH&Hyef;csDonf Ak'¨0if? r[m0ifESifh ( pm-126 wGif pOf 1 rS 29?pm-147 wGif pOf 30 rS 77
550........wdkYrSaumif;Edk;&m&mudk a½G;xkwfí tvSjc,f... Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI a½SUydik ;f oifcef;pmrsm;twGuf ajzjyxm;w,f/ )
½kyfjyZmwf.)
]]jref r mrS K }}pum;ajywG i f eH & H a q;a&;yef ; csD o nf (78) ppfwvif; / / *syefwyf t0ifwiG f t*Fvyd w f yf\ ckcHwdkuf
Ak ' ¨ , Of a us;rI jyef Y y G m ;a&;twG u f taxmuf t yH h a umif ; cdkufrSKaMumifh &efuek Nf rKd U Bu;D onfyifvQif jzpfc&hJ ygonf/
jzpfapcJhaMumif; aqmif;yg;½Sifu wifjy&mwGif oHk;xm;ygonf/ (79) acsiH / / r,Ofar\ ajymqdkyHktrlt&mrSm trnfEiS hf
eH&aH q;a&;yef;cs(D tEdiI ;f cH)udk ½kyjf y Zmwfvrf; (tEdiI ;f )ESihf vdu k af tmifyif ,Ofaus; uspfvspfayonf/
pdw0f ifwpm; ½Icsizf , G ½f ydS kH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;aomaMumifh
OyrmtvuFm ajrmufygonf/ (80) okomef / / teD;rSmyif wapäraMumuf?
o&JraMumuf aexdkifpm;aomufolrSm okb&mZmBuD; jzpfonf/
99/ vufeufaumif;wpf&yf (0uF0kwåd) ( xdak cwfu pmrwwfol
wd k Y t m; yef ; csD y nmjzif h ynmay; tod < u,f a p&mü xd a &muf a om
(81) wpjyif / / o&J? wapäaMumufwwfol EkEo k nf aeYcif;
vufeufaumif;...) tcgrmS yif okomef teD;tyg;odkY roGm;rvm0Hhay/
............... ( txuf-98 twddkif; ajzyg )/ (82) uAsm / / tm;yg;w& ½Gwfqdkzl;on onfh ]yef;uav;
ynmay;tod<u,fap&mü xda&mufaom enf;vrf;aumif; rsm; yGiahf wmhrnf zl;wH 0ifv h Ukd csD }[laom av;udk ,ckwikd f
pGr;f aqmifcsu[ f k wdu k ½f u
kd rf a&;bJ ]].......}}[k oG,0f u
kd .f ./ rarhEidk af y/
100/ vrf;ppdpd w f u l ;(½lyu)( ...o'¨gw&m;wdkY aygif;pyf vkyfudkifonfhtcg (83) ysdKU / / ]0dZmÆ odyÜ vlUupd }ö onf ydk'fa&rsm;pGmudk
rGrf;rHrI tEkynmwdkYonf vrf;ppdwful; ½SdvQif ½Sdoavmuf tqifhqifh ) tcef; udk;cef;jzifh zJGUxm;onfh uAsmvuFm½SnfBuD;rS
]]........}}wG i f bmomw&m;tay: o'¨ g pd w f j zif h wpfydk'f jzpfonf/
yef;ynmtoG,foG,f uGefYjrK; ½Sifoef jyefYyGm; &ifhoef crf;em;cJhyHkudk
aqmif;yg;½Siuf azmfñeT ;f ................/ (84) pum;ajy / / um&efeab pm[ef½Snfaom ae&mwGif
&nfrSef;&modkY quffoG,faygufa&mufapEdkifyHk *kPf&nf acwfprf; ta&;tom;wdkYjzifh yDoatmif tm;xkwf
wltjzpf vrf;p(tEdiI ;f )ESihf pdwu f ef;(tEIdif;cH)wku
f ;l pdwo Yd kd tEIid ;f xyf cJMh uavonf/
wljyKxm;.../ (85) vuFm / / uav;b0wGif ½Gwq f &kd onfh toH o m
101/ Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI jywdkufBuD;rsm;ozG,f(Oyrm) onf h tcsKUd ukd ,aeYwidk f jyefvnf trSw&f ½Gwq f zkd ;l ygonf/
(....xdktaqmufttHk tzHkzHkwdkYonf Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI jywdkufBuD;rsm;ozG,f (86) pum;csD; / / ]rd w qd k ; ½S i f j yK}0w¬ K wG i f pmqd k u
jzpfonf/ ) vufyw H ef;NrKd UoYkd ausmif;ppfa&mufcjhJ cif;udk tjzpf a½S U a jy;
]]....}}wGif jrefrmjynft&yf&yfrS bk&m;? ykxdk;? *l? ausmif;? azmfjyxm; xm;ygonf/
wefaqmif;? Z&yfwUdk\ wefz;kd tESpo f m&udk azmfneT ;f &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/
bk&m;? ykx;kd ? *l? ausmif;? wefaqmif;? Z&yf ponf(tEdiI ;f cH)udk
(87) "r®"d|mef / / pD;csif;xdk; tef w kol\ vufeufudkyif
Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI jywkduf(tEIdif;)ESifh jrefrmh,Ofaus;rItEkvuf&mwdkU &mZm"d&mZfu "m;aumif;jzpfaMumif; cs;D usL;Edik yf rkH mS .
pka0;&mjzpfyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf t jzpf cdkif;EdIif;xm;aomaMumifh Oyrm usvyS gonf/
tvuFmajrmufygonf/ rdrEd iS hf pdwfoabmrnDol\ t&nftcsi;f
aumif;rsm;udk yuwdtwdkif; todtrSwjf yKwwfro S m .
rS w f c suf
( jref r mpum;wG i f tom;usaeonf h "avh o H k ; pum;jzpf í
usayrnf/
tvuFmtmedoif rxufjrufEdkifawmhyg ) (88) y#dyu© / / vlwo Ykd nf rdrtd jrifuokd m trSe[ f k pJu
G ikd f
wwfMu&m &if;ESD;olcsif;yif txifvu GJ m jzpfwwfygonf/
(89) omrefumvSsHum / /ynm&yfwpfcu k kd twGi;f usus
rpl;prf;bJ avhvmNy;D aumif;? qd;k ra0zefoifah y/
(90) 0dk;wdk;0g;wm;/ / tay:,rH Q odonfh acgi;f pOfjzifh pma&;vQif

Q
zwf½o I w l iG f teufray: jzpfaeayvdrrhf nf/ (106) Xmyem / / yG i f h a wmf r l N yD ; onf h bk & m;av;ql
(91) aMu;pm;vdkuf/ / wa,mynm½Sif udak Zmfonf {nfch yH w GJ UkdwiG f"mwfawmfwu Ykd kd a½Gw*d akH pwDawmftwGi;f ü um ud;k uG,Mf uonf/
azsmaf jz&m aiGtawmf pkrad vonf/ (107) qnf;vnf; / /apwDx;D awmfwiG f csw d qf x
JG m;
(106) xrif;pm;a&aomuf / / *Dw0dkif;wdkYü wl&d,mwdkUudk aom av;rsm;onf ava0S&Y rf;wdu k cf u
kd vf ukd pf Of toHviG vf iG f
toHno dS nfh tvkyo f nf jzpfaomfvnf; ta&;ygvaS yonf/ ay;aeavonf/
(92) caemfceJU / / tdrftdkBuD;rSm umvMumonfhtavsmuf (108) vuf&ef; / / trsm;oH k ; avS u m;wk d U wG i f
vlaeírjzpfavmufatmif jzpfaeayNyD/ toH;k jyKow l t Ykd wGuf xde;f udik pf &m rsm;udk wyfqifay;
xm;&ygonf/
(93) avmukw&å m / / 0dyóem ½IrSwfjcif;onf avmu"Hudk
&ifqikd Ef ikd o
f nfomru odUk wikd f qdu
k af &mufEikd af yonf/ (109) Ak'¨0if / / jrwfpGmbk&m;\ b0jzpfawmfpOfudk
odvv kd Qif ü avhvmzwf½ES ikd yf gonf/
(94) or®musrf;pm/ / c&pf , mef bmoma&; bmoma&;udk
tar&duefomoemjyK q&m,k'oef jrefrmbmomjyefonfh .(110) edygwf / / udk;cef;ysdKUonf 550 0ifZmwfawmf
wGif avhvmEdik yf gonf/ tpkrsm;wGif (15)ckajrmuftpkjzpfaom 0Dowd vm
[w¬yd gvZmwf jzpfonf/
(95) tjrGufrQ / / ÚmPfvif;xufonf *sMD oarBwb D momü
q&m ½Si;f jyonfEiS hf wpfyk'fvHk;udk ajz½Sif;Edkifol jzpfonf/ (111) tajymuftrGrf;/ /½kyfvHk;½kyf<u? jcL;yef; jcL;EG,f ponfh
. wdjYk zifh rGr;f rHjc,foaom Adou k m vuf&mwdu Yk kd
(96) y&dwfa& / / Ak ' ¨ b mom0if w d k Y o nf y&d w f t d k ; xJ r S apwDrsm;ü awGUEikd o f nf/
udk ab;uif;apaom t&Htwm;tjzpf toH;k jyKMuygonf/
(112) yef;yJ / / "g; vSH oHvufeuf ud&d,m txnf
(97) xnf0g / / 11-&mpk yk*Hjynf Adokum,Ofaus;rIonf trsKd ;rsKd ;wdu
Yk kd oGe;f vkyo f l ynm½Sif armifwifw h ,frmS
vlom;xkwpf&yfv;kH *kP, f &l avmufatmif crf;em; cJah yonf/ txl;ausmaf pm\/
(98) 'GefwJG / / taMumif;udk odjcif;ESihf ynm½Sjd cif;wdo Yk nf (113) uEkwf / / jrefrmh½;kd &m yef;csD tajccHynmwGif tEG,?f
aeayonf/ tcuf? t½Guf oP²mef wdu Yk kd a&;wwfatmif oif,&l ygonf/
(99) trSDo[J/ /,aeYurÇmBuD;twGif qufoG,fa&;u@\
h rSm ]tifwmeuf} jzpfaeayawmhonf/
(100) "m;vG,cf w k f / / OD;bonf a½SUwnhfwnfhtdrfrS jzpfNyD;
OD;jrrSm rsuaf pmif;xd;k tdrrf S tdref ;D csi;f rdwaf qG jzpfonf/
(101) okOf;/ / bd;k bGm;ydik f Opöm&wemwdrYk nfrQyif½ydS gap
ynmrJo h ;Hk jzKe;f ol vufwiG f t<uif;r½Sd rnfomjzpf\/
(102) xd;k uGi;f / / a½S;jrefrmvkvifwUkd onf cHEikd pf rG ;f owdu å kd pum;
jyonft h aejzifh ud, k cf E¨may:ü rifaMumifrsm; xd;k avh½o dS nf/
(103) pm½Gwf / / pm0gvu dk o f nfh oraPwdUk . ynm ½So d nf? r½So d nfukd ajymqdak om pum;udk
aeonfukd ausmif;wku d jf yifyuyif Mum;Edik af vonf/ axmufcsií hf odEikd \ f /
(104) jrefrmrSK / / aEGtcg t&yf&yfü a&csr;f pOf "avh &Sio f ef pum; pum; ajymygjim;? pum;xJu Zmwdjy\/
vIy&f mS ; MuonfrmS yif jzpfyaonf/ EIwcf sKd oQKd wpfyg;/ EIwaf umif;vQif jynfp;kd /
(105) yDyDjyifjyif / / omref r suf v H k ; jzih f
rxif ½ S m ;onf w d k U u d k tPk M unf h rS e f a jymif ; jzif h M unf h v Qif
jrifEikd af yonf/

oifcef;pm tvdkuf odrSwfzG,f twdkvuFmrsm; ( pkpnf;csuf )
( odCFm ydoQuf ajcmufESpf½Spf? eHumqef;cGef Mumaw;jzpf? ( a½TESifh vuFm yk*HrSm0ef aoOfvnf AE¨ usrf;om&OD;wif yef;yJ
ESpfwpfajcmufrSm wdkif;&if;ppf? uspGmrif;&Jh om;awmfjzpf? armifwihfw,f&JU ESryif )
cspf jrwf a½T O tvSLppf ) ( jrifpdkif; yif;um ig;ausmfpGm½Srf;? 704 rSm eef;wufvmprf;?
oD[oli,fh om;awmfygtpGr;f ? "m;a&;jyyGJ umudik yf v JG rf;?
( rdzk&m;zGm;apm tvSLvkyf? rwfus om;Opf? ajr;w½kwf/
627 rS 636? udk;ESpftwGif; 'geajrmuf/ jymodjk rif;cif;obifEpJT rf;? yif;wnfajcmufceG f av;yJ rSwpf rf; )
216 rSm 19 yGm; ? olu 235 ay/ ( aEGOD;&mZm anmif&rf;wsm? 13 apmif+ysdKUolZm/ ]ya'o&mZm}
*l ausmif; ajr uRef O,smOfwGif; rrzGm;apm EGm;vSLjcif;/ [HomcsD;rSwf? pmqdkBuD;jrwf ewf½SifaemifyJ/ wsm awmifoHBudK;?
e&odCFOpöemrif; ) ewfoHtJ )
( ppfanmif awmifwiG ;f Nird ;f tkid cf si;f vuf0J okE&´ uif;0efrif;?
( pD;awmif Anm; a&;awmfzsm; [Hom wdkifyif 0efwpfrsm;?
tif;tif; 00 yxr ukef;abmif aus;awm rl&mjy )
udk;&mhq,fhajcmuf olxif½Sm;? urefydkufu ,dk;',m;?
( bkkef;wkd; &mr ukef; &uef a½Tbdktaemuf qD;awmpH? um&ef
ESpf 700 u wdkufyJGrsm;? tHhzG,f <uGatmif rGefjyefxm;)
tjcm; uefuef)
( OD;aygif; ukvm; anmifbGm; tif; we*FaEG r[mrif;) ( aqmif;q&maz av;csKd;avn tif;0om;awmif orefv,fpm;
( rdcifhaomu? Mobmo? a0&m yAÁ ukef;ukef; u? azi,farmif )
&yfomZmwd ypö, ZlZumu cGusus ) ( waygif; OD;,m tJcsif;;yg 12&moD xkwfEkwfwm? aMumif;&ma'o
( q'éf ykn aomEkwå&? yknmbd"Z? Zmwd pav ac:tJMu vytJ aumufpdkuf AHk½SnfAs )
cifBuD;p? wlarmif; OD;'Dy? ½G m pnf Nrd K U BuD ; ( XmeDMuifO nnf;csif;pkwkef;? av;wGif oHjzef nnf;nloH )
armifykwfp ) (tuRef[efcsif; rnfrqif; a½TbdkNrdKU'Hk;csif; 20? 30 pkzJGUvdkuf?
( ynmoif&m armifBuD; ½Gm? udkeDpmPus anmifjzL avSa&rD;pdu k f vGeq
f v GJ u
kd )f
acsmif;OD;u oefYpif ig;&m *kPx f ;l r? ewf½iS f a½Tx;D v,fwrD )S (awmifol'kH;csif; ukef;OD;rif; oDcsif;xDvma&a0½Gm atmifajravmu
( rdwqdk;ESifh trsdK;om; ynmOD;zdk;usm;? udkudk,f wdk;wuf tif;0pm)
[oFmw? edAÁmefZmwd rrr/) ( oifao aZmf [ef? udkeD qef zsm? jrefrm r[m? tD;r[m?
pmMunfhwdkufynm? rSdKif; odef; usm; #Dum yav;wdk; &o ed'gef;yg )
( ausmufpD oefU { ? arG; usHKaysmf vS? aZ,sausmfxif?
( ol&J aiG&D a':cif&?D tDpyG f vGwv f yf urÇm ½Snf ? qkEiS hf qkEiS hf aiGwm&D)
orÇLv )
( ESif;udk jrif aemif ?vSvufaqmif ? pvif; armifarmifvwf )
( edAmÁ efaqmfuarmfvNr?D odyaHÜ rmif0pdew f ife?D armifoaH csmif;rnf
0ZDwi?fh aumvdyfcifcif wifarmifjrifh? jroGifhqE´wpf&yfrSm ( tEkynm xDvmppf td½k u T 0f gEiS hf rJacgijf rpf a½Tppfonf½mG xDvme,fom;
jrefrmpmay wdk;wuf&m..? um&ef eab pm[ef ½SnfxGuf? ? csdKif;em; Aif;csm; trsdK;om;? Adrmef ñGefYñGefYAsm; )
0guswdkvsuf ½Sif;vif;oGuf? acwfprf; aA'gvuf ) uAskZm+pum;aj
pmqd mwdrsm;udy od rSwfzG,Ef SitaxG
k trnf fh ,SOafw xG JG pkavh
pnf;u
csu
sifhyf g/
( tdrfa½SY udkfaESmif; aeaqGaqmif a qmif; ? b½Sdef raMumuf a½TbdkNrdKU taemufc&D;wpfwdkiftuGm qD;awm½Gm -
MuD;yGm;aygif; ppf ol tdrf BuD; tusdK;aqmif; ) rdw¬DvmNrdKUteD; a&a0½Gm -
( wGifus,f vGwfvyf oluef& apwemrGef pdefbef;w? / / NrKdUe,f a½Tppfonf½Gm -
q&m0efbJGU pdefayg& 0w¬Ka&;vdkY pmpm&/ ) rHk½Gmc½dkif acsmif;OD;NrKdUteD; anmifjzLyif½Gm -
rif;bl;NrKUd teD; &yfom½Gm -
( wdk;;wufapcsif azarmifwifrSwf vGwfvyf tif;pdef
aygi;f wnfNrKUd e,f BuKd Uyif½mG -
aygufawm&yf/)
[oFmwc½dkif edAÁmef½Gm -
cGeftm;½Sd pm? wpfoufwm..? a½TO av;Zm azod od e f ;rSm/ zsmyHkNrKdU ordefaxm½Gm -
( ae0if wdkufxGwf? zsm axm vef usm;? &efukef tif;pdef aygufawm&yf -
arSmfyD rif;vm bmom pum;/) &efuek Nf rKUd -
( rSefuefwmaqG? aygif;wnfae? zsmyHNk rKUd -
0g 0 0,f ½I [moawG ajymjyoav avmuajr/ usKH aysmNf rKUd -
( jrefrmrif;Edkif vGwf ,Of quf ? ykwD;ukef;rSm Zmwdouf ) armfvNrKd if -
ykw;D uke;f NrKd U -
qifaygi0f J - csufrsm; ]odef;ESifh usm;#Dum} ]ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;#Dum______}
[oFmwNrKdY - ] 0w¬Ka&;vdkaomf }(pmayAdrmef qk&) -
tif;0Zmwd (tif;0om; oHk;OD; ) - ]rdk;Mu,frdkYvm;(Edkb,fqk& 0w¬Kwdkrsm;)} -
pvif;NrUId - ]eifvm;[Jh cspf'ku©SESifh tjcm;0w¬¬Kwdkrsm;} -
pavNrKUd - ]vrf;opfEiS hf tjcm;0w¬Kwrkd sm; -
ppfuikd ;f Zmwd - ] jrykvJkoG,f0w¬K } -
rEåav;Zmwd - }owå0gwY\ kd oHo&m}0w¬Kwakd ygi;f csKyf -
pmtkyftrnfESifh jyKpka&;om;ol,SOfwJG rSwfom;avhusifhyg/ ]b0xdx k }kd 0w¬Kwakd ygi;f csKy}f -
pmqdkESifh tw¬KyÜwådqdkif&m pmtkyfrsm; ]þavmuajrr[D0,f}0w¬Kwakd ygi;f csKyf -
] zdk;0ZD&\ tw¬KyÜwåd } - ] rifaq;&nfyJ rIeo f vm;ESihf uAsm½Si0f w¬K? }^qkEiS .hf ...-
] odef;ESifh usm; #Dum } - ]arQmfwvihfvifh} ]aoG;pkyfajr} -
] ocifudk,fawmfrIdif; #Dum ____} - &
]ol Jaumif;oHk;a,muf}]&wemodkuf & -
] OD;ykn tw¬KyÜwåd(a&onfhjyZmwfed'gef;)}- ]&& efBu;D atmif}]pHak xmufarmifpH ½ Sm;} -
] uRefawmhfb0 ZmwfaMumif;}(udk,fwdkifa&;) -
] OD;xGef;½Sdef tw¬KyÜwåd } - bGJUtrnfawG? qk? wm0ef? tac:ta0:awG cJGyav....
]wpfoufwmrSwfwrf;ESifh tawG;tac:rsm;} - [Hom0wD qifjzLrsm;½Siv f ufwiG f tvGex f if½mS ;cJah om twdik yf ifcH 0efBu;D
] arSmfyDq&modfef; } - pmqdk^ ,dk;',m;a'o urefydkuft&yfwGif uHukefol -
] trsK;d om;ynm0ef OD;zd;k usm; } - pmqdkBuD;? ? ya'o&mZm? ewf½Sifaemif -
a½Twdkufpdk;? aZ,sausmfol -
&mZ0ifqdkif&m^ tcspfESifh vlrI^ ordkif;aemufcH^ Zmwdrmef tBuD;awmf? uGrf;a&awmfudkif^ -
] &mZ0ifBuD;? &mZ0ifvwf? &mZ0ifcsKyf } - bd;k ---u rkwNå rKd U0efcef?Y aersK;d rif;vSausmo f b l UGJ -
] acwfrD jrefrm&mZ0if tusOf;csKyf } - ½Gmpnf½Gm? vufzuf&nfawmfbGJU -
] jrefrm&mZ0if oHcdyf ] - ( MuifO qifO b a½T yk? OD;wd;k OD;wd;k qif pOfY bd;k ? OD;,m r awmh pOfY eJU bd;k )
] ewf½Sifaemif ] ESifh ] wyifa½TxD; ] - bBuD;awmfvufxuf qrGef;BuD; ac: pmrSef;BuD;½Gmudk pm;&ol -
e0a'; aemufcH -] ppfxGufol } - vef eJY vif wuúodkvf wdkYrS pmMunfhwdkufynm'DyvdkrmbJGU&ol -
] aps;csKo d }l r ]0g0g0if;}u ]ysKUd awmifNyKH ;}rSma&; - jrefrmr[m+tD;r[m &ol - -
] wdkYarar }(b,frSmae? bmawGvkyf)] - wuúodkvfrsm; A[kdpmMunfhwdkufrI;wm0ef xrf;aqmif-
] olykefYtdrf }] olykefBuD; }]tusKd;aqmifBuD;} - aZ,sausmo f ?l aersKd ;rif;vSausmo f ?l rif;vSocF,m -
wdkY arar b,frSmae b,fudkoGm; bmawGvkyf / pmayAdrmefqk? trsdK;om;pmayqkrsm;&ol uAsmpmqdk-
ord k i f ;rSmae? ol y k e f Y t d rfudkoGm;?ololykefBuD;ESifhawGU tusKd;aqmifBuD;vkyf/ (jrefrmEkid if o
H m;rsm;xJrS yxrqHk;)wHcGefpdkufuAsmpmqdkbJGU&ol-
aps;csKdol r0g0g0if 0g0g0if;uawmh ysKdUawmifjyKef;udkoGm;NyD;? tEkynmpmayqkudk owå0gwdkY\ oHo&m...jzifh &ol -
tajcmufawGESifh awGU...hhhhtcspf tcspfESifhvlrIjyKjyifa&;0w¬KawG a&;oy/ b0xdkxdk 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyfjzifh pmayAdrmefqk&ol -
þ...r[D0,f wd.k .csKyjf zifh trsK;d om;pmayqk&ol-
pmtkyf pmwrf;rsm; ]arQmf- ? aoG;pkyf..}wdkYjzifh -Adrmef bm-qkrsm;&ol -
]jrefrmpmrdwzf UGJ ]wGi(f q&mrif;,ka0ESihf wJzG ufí ]pmqdEk iS hf okawoD}udk ]wpf-wrf;ESifh awG;-}jzifh -Adrmef ok-omqk&ol -
a&;ol)? ]rif;ESiphf mqkd } - vkyo f m;jynfoal eYpOfowif;pm t,fcsKy?f vlx.k .t,fcsKy?f
]rif;wke;f rif;} - &ef-u cs;D jriS o hf nfh *kP-f r[m0dZmÆ bJUG u&kd ol -
]trsK;d om;ynm0ef OD;zd;k usm;} - usr;f aygi;f ig;&mausmu f kd jyKpo
k jzif&h onfb h UGJ -
]pmudk; pum;udk;} - tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;aemuf jref-wGif 'kwd,Ouú| -
]wdkufpdk;pm wdkeefYeefY} - jref-udk ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGmBu;D Muyfvrf;ñTecf o hJ l -
],Ofaus;rI txdrf;trSwfrsm;} - ppfwuúov kd of ;kH pum;ajyvufa½G;pif jyKpo k -l
]Ak'¨bmom tEkynmed'gef;} - yk*aH usmufpmvufa½G;pif jyKpo k l -
]*sKAvDa[mjrifuiG ;f } - ----- uAsm? pum;ajy aumufEkwfcsufrsm; jyKpkol -
]r*Fvmygq&mr} - yef;ynm½SiftzJGUwGif OD;aqmif OD;½GufjyKcJhol/ -
]ykodrf&mZ0if} ]ayg&mP tbd"mef } ] ig;&mh ig;q,f aumufEkwf
tjcm;
P173
tr&yl&NrKdU Aef;armfq&mawmfxH ynmqufvuf qnf;yl;^ yg0ifonfyh /GJ
rif;wke;f rif; vufxufwiG f vQr;f vQr;f awmuf ausmMf um;^trsm;tm;jzifh Aef;i,fuJhodkY cyf0dkif;0dkif; yHkoP²mef½Sd ]um}udk udkifí uaom
aw;xyfrsm;zJUG o.l ./ pavNrKUd r cifBu;D pESihf wlarmif;q&mawmfO;D 'Dy/ "m;a&;jyyJrG sm;
vlo Y ½kyu f kd yDoatmifzef qif;jyEdik af om*kP-f jrefrmjynf\ ½Sw d pf yD;,m;/ uAsmAEöm&usr;f q&m/
edAEÁd z´ UGJ(oHo&m0#fqif;&JrS vGwaf jrmufvakd Mumif;)^ a½S;½d;k aw;tcsK;d rsm;udk ]] 'Hk; }}qdkonfrSm opfwHk;? xef;wHk; ponfwGifygonfh ]]wHk;}}rS
tqifhqifh xyfqifhí a&;zJGU&aomaMumifh^ 18ydk'fyg^ ]]av;}}[kaom toHajymif; vmjcif;? opfwHk; xef;wHk; ponfwdkYudk tacgif;xGif;
pmvH;k / ,rf;oGwfí peufwHwyfum rD;ypf½UIdvw T jf cif;/ ]]'H;k csi;f t&mwGif igu
h kd
rif;aqGpdk;rsKd;jzpfí tif;0eef;wGif;rSmyifBuD;ol\ i,frnf? r,SOfMuESifh ig vlvGefayv[Jh}}[k qdkol/bBuD;awmfbk&m; vufxuf
tif;0acwf ysKdUuAsm avmuudk OD;aqmifysKd;axmifcJhol/ 12 om; atmifajravmubk&m; waygi;f vyJaG wmf...../
t½G,f uyif uAsma&;zJGUol? bl&d'wfudk 16ESpfom;wGif a&;zJGUol/ acwfprf;pmayvSKy½f mS ;rSK OD;aqmiforl sm;(q&maZmf*s?D odyaHÜ rmif0?
wHwm;OD;wnf^yHkawmifEdkifarmfuGef;? a½TpufawmfoGm; awmvm; ygarmu©OD{armif? ygarmu©OD;azarmifwif)/
a&;zJUG o/l ½Sifr[m&|om& aemufqHk;zJGUcJYaomysKdU?nDaemifav;yg;u [efcsif;tp a½Tbdku(avmif; ukef;yxr)/('Hk;csif;udkrSD a&;zJGUoD
a[mMum; tyfaom w&m;tqDtESpfESifh jynfhpHkjcif;aMumifh? bk&m;a[m aw;*D[efcsi;f 0,f [k qdak omaMumifh 'H;k csi;f yHpk EH iS hf qif)/ rde;f r[efcsi;f ?
0Dowdedygwf[w¬dygvZmwf/ bl&d'wfZmwfaygif;cef;ysKdU? udk;cef;ysKdU? aumufpu kd of rrsm; udk,f&nfaoG;í [efa&;jyaom aumufpdkufbJGU
*rÇDom&ysKdU? oH0&ysKdU? wHwm;OD;wnfarmfuGef;? yHkawmifEdkifarmfuGef;? [efcsi;f / ref;ta½SU atmifyifv,f ykodrfBuD;NrKdUe,f/
a½TpufawmfoGm; awmvm;/ a&;olqifjzL½Sirf if;ESihf pOfuY ;l rif;wdYk vufxufwiG f aqmif;yg;rsm;
tpk0ifrif;rIxrf;r[kwfol qif;&Jom;jynfolwdkY\ b0udk a&;ojzifh xif½Sm;ol/ ]cGmaxmufpyfenf;}udk trsm;qHk;oHk;onfh
a&;zJUG xm;aomuAsm/ ]pmEkuv kd nf; rcspEf iS hf olZmudv k nf; rypfEiS }hf [k uAsmtzJGU/
ausmfMum;aomysKdU ? xHwsmaw½Sif[k vlodrsm;aomBudK;? oHvsifü eab jyef*[yfpyfenf;wdjYk zifh nnf;nloyH gyg u½kPm&oay:atmif
uG,v f eG o f /l pyf&onfh uAsmtzJUG /
tkdifcsif;tp tmvkyfpum;/aumufpdkuftdkif? aumufpdkufr trnf&if; ]]armifwif}} a½SUwGif zciftrnf]] OD;az}}rS ]]az}}
tdkifcsif;[k ac:½dk; ½Sdaomt&yf/ &wk? aw;xyfwdkY wGifus,faomae&m/ udk,lol/ &efukefwuúodkvfwGif jrefrmpmudk tqifhjrifhjrifh oifEdkifap
tdik cf si;f tJcsi;f wdw Yk iG u f s,af om t&yf/ &mjynft h ikd [
f k ac:&jcif;taMumif; &ef (a½S;a[mif;pmayrsm;udk a½G;cs,fwnf;jzwf yHkESdyfol) acwfprf;
/ yxrtif ; 0acwf u yif pwif a y:ayguf u m anmif & rf ; acwf uAsm^yHjk yif Bu;D Muyfxw
k /f
('k w d , tif ; 0acwf ) ES i f h uk e f ; abmif a cwf w d k Y w d k i f quf v uf &mZ0ifausmf^ yg&m,e0w¬K -a&;oltif;0acwf pmqdk/
xGef;um;onfh uAsmtzJGUwpfrsKd;?
0w¬ K r sm;? bmomjyef r sm;a&;onf o mru aw;oD c sif ; rsm; pmaytzJGU yHkpHtrsKd;tpm;rsm;
a&;zJGUoDqdkonfh uAsmpmqdk/ 0w¬Kwdk? 0w¬Kwdk? pmwrf;i,f? pmwrf;i,f? tvSLrSwfwrf;ausmufpm?
rsK;d csppf w
d "f gwf t&if;cHjzifh acwfjyifaqmif;yg;rsm;a&;ol^ &mZ0ifusrf;? ta&;awmfyHkusrf;? aqmif;yg;? a[majymcsufaqmif;yg;?
owådESifh tusifh pm&dwå aumif;rGefa&;udk OD;wnfonfh udk,fawGU rSwfwrf;
0w¬Krsm; a&;ol/
&mZ0if 0w¬KBuD;rsm;udka&;om;í jrefrmh ,Ofaus;rIESihf jrefrmh ude;f *Pef;rsm;
ZmwdaoG;? ZmwdrmefwdkY ½SifoefEdk;Mum;atmif vHIUaqmf a&;om;cJhol/ -usrf;pmay ponf 500 ausmf jyKpkcJhojzifh &efukefwuúodkvfu
ta&;tom; El;nHo h rd af rGUí cspcf ef; BuKd ucf ef;ESihf &mZ0if0w¬Krsm;udk csD;jrSifhonfh *kPf r[m 0dZÆmbJGU&ol/
a&;&mü tpG r f ; xuf o l (qm0gvwmpaumh E S i f h wl o nf [ k -0w¬Kwdk 60 ausmf? ½Snf 600 cefYESifh? aqmif;yg;( t&yf 6 ay
.......urSwcf sucf s&ol)/ ausmfoludkom a½G;) rsm;pGm a&;cJhol?
yifu[ kd ef zswv f wfou G v f ufí pdw0f ifpm;zG,af umif;Ny;D wdw k Ekd iS hf -jrefrmESpf 1100 avmufuay:cJhaom tdkifcsif;uAsm/
vdk&if; a&mufatmif 'dk;'dk;a'gufa'guf a&;Edkifonfh pm[ef½Sdol/ -jrefrmESpf 674 ckwGif wnfcJhaom NrdKU/
½Ir0]wGif [mo0w¬Krsm;a&;om;NyD; pmayavmuodkY 0ifa&muf - uAsmyk'fa& 800 ausmf a&;zJGUoGm;ol/
vmol pma&;q&m/ -pmum;vHk; 6 vHk;? 7 vHk; ponf ygaom pmydk'frsm;udk jrifhoHwpfvSnfh
txl;ojzifh wdik ;f &if;om; ,Ofaus;rIqikd &f m pmtkyrf sm;jyKpo k l pmqd/k edrfhoHwpfvSnfhjzifh 8 ydk'f 9 ydk'f pyfqkdonfhtZJGU/
yk*jH ynfBu;D NyKu d NGJ y;D aemuf ay:ayguo f nfh jynfi,frsm;? jrefrmESpf
674 wGif wnfaomjynf? qifa&;? jrif;a&;?"m;a&;? vSHa&;NydKifyJGrsm;
174Q pum;ajytvuFmrsm; pkpnf;azmfjycsuf wuúodkvf0ifwef;jrefrmpm
rdcifaomu rS usufrSwfzG,f tvuFmtzJGYrsm; jzLazG;jrifhrm;aom toGif½SdyHk*kPf&nfcsif;wlMuonfh
1/ okomefwpjyifuJhodkY ( Oyrm ) q'´ e q
f if
r if ;(tEdiI ;f cH)ud k aiGawmifBu;D \(tEdiI ;f )ESES i f h cdik ;f EIid ;f ...../
þtvuFmudk rdcifaomu pum;ajywGif om;orD; 6/ vlrvdrm® uRerf pd äm (½lyu)(.vTwfawmfrlvQifvnf;-onf csrf;om&m &.)
wku Yd kd rawGU&ojzifh ausmif;ocFr;f onf arGUavsmzf , G f rjzpfawmh ]]....}} wGif oufñmS rI&atmif qifrif;xH vSnyhf wf
avQ m uf o l rk q d k ; \ pum;wG i f rd r d u d k , f r d r d &nf ñ T e f ; &mü
aMumif; qkdnnf;ol r'D́a'0D\ pum;tjzpf oHk;xm;ygonf/ oH;k xm;ygonf/
wdwq f w d af jcmufuyfykH *kP&f nfcsi;f wlaom ausmif; edru hf saomtodÓmPfaMumifh trSm;jyKwwfykH *kP&f nfwl
ocFr;f (tESKd i;f cH)ud k okomefwpjyif(tESKd i;f )ESES i f h cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;ojzifh tjzpf rvdrm® olvrl q k ;kd (tEdiI ;f cH)ESifh t,lrmS ;ol uRe(f tEdiI ;f )wd wdkYudk
OyrmtvuFm ajrmufygonf/ xyfwljyKxm;.................../
2/ yJGobifuJhodkY ( Oyrm ) 7/ b0yg&*l(0uF0w k )då (.avmuwå&--eD;pyfawmfrlaomaMumifh &efolyk*d¾Kvf)
... wGif ausmif;ocFr;f onf om;orD;wdEYk iS hf pnfum; ..... wGif tjypfusL;ol rkq;kd tay: MunfjzL cGifhvTwf
oduk Nf rKd uf arGUavsmzf , G f ½Scd ahJ Mumif; r'áD '0D\ wrf;wrI pum;tjzpf Ed k i f p G r f ; onf h qif r if ; \ *k P f ud u d k pmqd k u azmf u sL;&mü
oH;k xm;ygonf/ oH ;
k xm;yg o nf /
bk&m;avmif;(jrwfpGmbk&m;)[k wkduf½dkufra&;bJ
aysmaf rGU zG,&f m cHpm;rSKay;pGr;f yHk *kP&f nfcsi;f wlaom ]]b0yg&*l ( jzpf y suf w &m;wk d Y u d k yd k i f ; jcm;od j rif NyD ; ajrmuf
ausmif;ocFr;f (tEdiI ;f cH)udk yGv J rf;obif(tEdiI ;f )ESihf cdik ;f EdiI x
f m.../ atmifjrifol)}}[k.........................../
3/ a½TueG &f ufEiS w hf (l Oyrm) 8/ &if E S p f o m;uJ h o d k U (Oyrm) (---oem;pH H k r uf touf u d k
... wGif om;orD;wdkY\ t&dyfta,mifrQudkyif csrf;omay;awmfrlNyD;vQif...)
rawGUrjrif& ½Smonfh r'Da´ '0D\ wrf;wpum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ ]]....}} wGif av;ypfol rkq;kd tay: qifrif;u cGiv hf wT f
ZmvD? uPSmZdef armifESrwdkY\ vufuav;rsm; arwå mxm;yH k u k
d pmqd u
k azmf n e
T ;
f &mü oH ;
k xm;yg o nf/
qifrif;u rkq;kd tay: arwåmxm;y(kH tEdiI ;f cH)ud k rdbu
(tEdiI ;f cH)udk a½TueG &f uf(tEdiI ;f )ESihf 0if;0go, G af ysmif;ESpof ufz, G ½f ydS kH om;orD; tay:arwåmxm;yH(k tEIid ;f )ESESifh tjypfr,l u½kPmxm;yHk
*kP&f nfwl tjzpf........ / *kP&f nfwt l jzpf../
3/^2 ...ajc&mrxifouJo h (Ykd Oyrm) 9/ oufrQ (Oyrm) (ig\ oufrQ plVokb'´g &wema&mifcsdwf bJGUa½TvdyfESifh)
..... wGif ( txufutwdik ;f ) ]] ..}}wGif rdzk&m;okb'´gudk &nfñTef;olqifrif;\
om;ESifhorD;\ t&dyfta,mifrQudkyif rawGUrjrif&yHk pum;tj z pf ..../
(tEIid ;f cH)udk omEkrnfaom awmifxyd üf qifw\ Ykd ajc&m rusef wefzdk;xm;cspfcif&yHk *kPf&nfcsif;wlaom touf
(tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf rdz&k m;okb'´g(tEIid ;f )wdu Yk kd cdik ;f EdiI ;f a&;zJUGxm;aomaMumifh
rawGU&yHk (tEdiI ;f )ESihf cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;ojzih.f ......../ OyrmtvuFm ajrmufygonf/
aomEkwå&rkqdk;ESifh q'éfqifrif; pum;ajyrS tvuFmrsm; 10/ avmifpm&ef &efNidK;(½lyu)( ..oHo&m jzpfwdkif;rSmyif avmifpm&efNidK; rD;qufí
4/ uHuu G u
f sm;(0uF0w --
k )då (.oHk;a,mufom;teufwGifrS --í irdkufom; rkqdk;) ysK d;r nf. ..)
]]aomEkwå&rkqdk;ESifh q'éfqifrif;}}pum;ajywGif ]].....}} wGif rdz&k m;okb'´g tvdu k s tpG,jf zwf,cl iG jhf yKpOf
qifrif;xH vSnfYywfavQmufwifaeol rkqdk;\ pum;tjzpf rdzk&m;\ trsufrmefudk &nfñTef;ol qifrif;\ pum;wGif
oH;k xm;ygonf/ oH;k xm;ygonf/
raumif;Buo H l oH;k OD;teuf rdru d o kd m tjypfusa&muf qd;k usKd ;jyK zsuq f ;D wwfykH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf avmifpm
í[k wkduf½dkufrqdkbJ ]]uHuGufusm;}}[k oG,f0dkufzJGUqdkxm; (tEIid ;f )ESihf &efNidL;(tEdIif;cH)wku Yd kd tEdiI ;f xyfwl jyKxm;aomaMumifh
aomaMumifh.../ ½lyu............./
5/ aiGawmifBu;D t[ef(Oyrm)(q'éfrif;jrwf uRefawmftm; owfvQifvnf; 11/ rD;qufí ysK;d (0uF0w k )då
rvGwfEdkif&m.) ( txufyg eHygwf 10 twdik ;f ajzyg/ )
]].....}}wGif rdrdtwGuf oufñSmrI&atmif vSñfhywf trke;f w&m; &efNiKd ;wdu Yk kd qufvuf arG;jrLayawmhrnf
avQmufwifol rkq;kd \ pum;wGif qifrif;udk &nfñTef;vsuf [k wd k u f ½ d k u f r qd k b J .............................................../
oHk;xm;../
12/ rkq;kd aywvl tacgux f (l 0uF0w k )då (olESifhqifrif; &efzufcsif;uJhodkY 19/ oH;k wdu k v f ;kH ewf(0uF0w k )åd
P175
csufcsif;x<uG) ... wGif tpG,af wmfukd tjzwfc&H pOf jyif;xefaom
... wG i f qif r if ; tay: &uf p uf a om rk q d k ; \ a0'emudk onf;cHawmfro l nhf qifrif;udk &nfneT ;f um ............/
oabmxm;udk pmqku d azmfñeT ;f &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/ bk & m;avmif ; q'´ e f q if r if ; [k wd k u f ½ k d u f r qd k b J
aus;Zl;w&m;ESifh tMuifemw&m;r½Sd todÚmPfrJhol ]]oH;k wdu k v f ;kH ewf}}[k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm;aomaMumif.h ../
vlayvlnpf rkq;kd [k wku d ½f u kd rf qdb k J ]].....}}[k ..... / 20/ usLaiGw;Hk tvm; (Oyrm) (.jzwfí vSLawmhrnf/ .udk oifum; udkif<uG
13/ &efbufcsi;f uJo h Ykd (Oyrm) csDyifhr)
(.txuf 12 twdik ;f ajzyg/) .......wGif rdrdESmarmif;\ toGifudk &nfñTef;um
rk q d k ; \tjyKtrl ( tEd I i f ; cH )ud k &ef b uf j zpf o l c sif ; csyD ifrh ay;&ef apcdik ;f onfh qifrif;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
raxmufrxm; jyKy(kH tEdiI ;f )ESES i f h riJrh ñSmjyKusiw hf wfykH *kP&f nfwl ESmarmif;zsm;(tEIid ;f cH)udk usLwHzsm;rS aiGw;Hk (tEdiI ;f )ESihf
tjzpf ckid ;f EdiI ;f xm;..../ jzLazG;oefpY ifykH *kP&f nfwtljzpf cdik ;f EIid ;f xm;aomaMumifh ...../
14/ rkq;dk npfax; irdu k af cG;(½lyu)(..vnf; av;pGefawmifESifh tmaygifudkvSef..) 21/ a½TawmifBu;D NyKd ouJo h Ykd (Oyrm)(pG,fawmfjrwf tpHkonf edwHka&mifpdk--
]]....}} wGif aus;Zl;ocif qifrif;tay: riJhuGufbJ jywfwdkwHk;.)
tpG,f jzwf&ufol rkq;kd \ oabmxm;udk pmqkdu azmfñTef;&m ...... wGif qifrif;\tpG,pf kH ajrjyifoYkd jywfus qH;k ½I;H &yHu k kd
wGif............./ pmqdku azmfusL;&mü oHk;xm;ygonf/
,kwfnHhedrfhusyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf aomEkwå&rkqdk; tpG,pf kH ajrodjYk ywfusy(kH tEdiI ;f cH)udk a½TawmifBu;D NyKd usykH
(tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf acG;rdu k (f tEdiI ;f )wku Yd kd tEdiI ;f xyfwjl yKxm;aomaMumifh (tEdiI ;f )ESihf ESajrmwozG,f epfem qHk;½IH;&ykH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf../
....................../ 22/ Akef;Akef; ajrodkUus jrnfoHpGJ
15/ av;pGeaf wmif(½lyu) ....................... (..txuf 21 twkid ;f ajzyg/ )
...wGif qifrif;udk rkqdk;u av;udkif; vufeufjzifh tpG,pf kH ajrodu Yk s&mrS xGuaf y:onfh jrnfo]H ]Ake;f Ake;f }...
rnSmrwm jyK[efukd pmqku d azmfusL;&mü oH;k xm;ygonf/ /
jyefYum;½Snfvsm;onfhtoGif *kPf&nfcsif;wlonfh 23/ aiGawmifMu;D toGi(f Oyrm) (awma[rmacsmif tkdifomacgifwGif?...cifrviffudk)
av;udik ;f (tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf pGeif u S t f awmify(H tEdiI ;f )wdu Yk kd xyfwjl yK ..... wGif rkq;kd rSwpfqifh okb'´gxH qifrif;u trSmpum;
xm;.........................../ yg;&mü rdru d , kd u f kd &nfneT ;f onfh qifrif;\pum;tjzpf....../
16/ uefusKd ;ívmouJo h Ykd (Oyrm)(..jzwfwdkuf OD;aESmufodkY cdkufvkatmif jzKazG;jrifrh m;umESpv G ½f ydS kH *kP&f nfwtj
f zkd , l jzpf qifrif;\
t
aygufvGwf..) toG i f ( tEd I i f ; cH ) ud k aiG a wmif B uD ; \ tqif ; (tEI d i f ; )ES i f h
.... wGif rkq;kd \ vTcsuaf Mumifh qifrif;\ tmcHwiG ;f ü cdkif;EdIif;xm;....................../
'Pf&mjyif;pGm jzpf&yHu k kd pmqdku azmfnTef;&mü oHk;xm;ygonf/ 24/ a½Tbo kH rl eS u f (l 0uF0w k )då ( þpG,fpHkudk a½TbHkolrSeful oHk;&ufawmfrlao;vQif
twm;tqD;rJh 'va[mpD;xGufyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf &efol\)
vT ' Pf & mrS aoG ; pD ; usyH k ( tEd I i f ; cH ) ud k uef a ygif u sd K ;um ...... wGif rkq;kd rSwpfqifh okb'´g rdz&k m;xH qifrif;u
a&xGufusvmyHk(tEdIi;)ES f; )ESi f h ckdif;......................../ trS m pum; yg;pOf rd z k & m;ud k &nf n T e f ; onf h pum;tjzpf
17/ aoG;acsmif;(½lyu)( ..tmcHwGif;rS aoG;acsmif;usvsuf 'ku©a0'em BuD;pGm oH;k xm;ygonf/
jzpf...) a½TbHkpH cspfcifjrwfEdk;tyfol rdzk&m;[k wdkuf½dkuf
..... wGif qifrif;\ tmcHwGif; vT'Pf&mjyif;um rqdkbJ.............................../
aoG;xGuf rsm;jym;vGe;f yHu k kd pmqdu k azmfneT ;f &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/ 25/ rke;f yif(½lyu) ( rkef;yifpdkufysKd; ajycsdefwdkifírS rajyEdkif tNidK;BuD;NidK;wwfonfh..)
tqufrjywf 'va[mpD;usvmyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf ..... wG i f ok b '´ g rd z k & m;\ trk e f ; w&m;ud k
aoG;(tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf acsmif;a&(tEdiI ;f )wku Yd kd xyfwjl yKa&;zJUG xm;......../ &nfñeT ;f ajymqdo k nfh qifrif;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
18/ aoG;acsmif;us (twdo, ) ½SifoefyGm;rsm;wwfyHk *kPf&nfwtjzpf lt jzpf trkef;pdwf
..... wGif qifrif;\ tmcHwGif; vT'Pf&mjyif;um (tEIdif;cH)ESifh opfyif (tEIdif;)wdkYudkf xyfwljyKxm;aomaMumifh
aoG;xGuf rsm;jym;vGe;f yHu k kd pmqdu k azmfneT ;f &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/ ½lyu......................./
qif r if ; \ tmcH w G i f ; rS aoG ; rsm;pD ; xG u f u srI 26/ rke;f yifpu kd yf sKd ; (0uF0w k )då
rsm;jym;onfukd omrefrQ rqdb k J ]]......}}[k tvGeftMuL; ..../ ( txufu 25 twdik ;f ajzyg/ )
Q
rdzk&m;\&ifxJwGif trkef;pdwf arG;jrKxm;onf[k aMumuf½UHGpufqyk zf , G ½f ydS kH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf rkq;kd vlysuf
wkduf½dkuf............................/ (tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf zkwo f buf(tEdiI ;f )wdUk ukd xyfwjl yKa&;zJUG xm;......./
27/ rkq;kd wpfyikd ;f rde;f r½kid ;f (½lyu) 34/ a½Tvnf½u GJ ohJ Ukd (Oyrm)
..... wGif &ufpufaom oabm½So d nfh rdz&k m;okb'´gukd ....wGif qifrif;ESihf qifrdzk&m; m;wdUkd arwåmoHa,mZOf
&nfñeT ;f ajymqdo k nfY qifrif;\pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ xm;yHu k kd pmqdu k azmfusL;&mwGif oHk;xm;ygonf/
tMuifemuif;rJph mG &ufpuf ½dik ;f pdik ;f aom oabm½Syd kH tcsif ; csif ; rcJ G r cG m jrwf E d k ; yH k ( tEd I i f ; cH ) ud k
*kP&f nfwt l jzpf rkq;kd (tEIid ;f )ESihf rde;f r½dik ;f okb'´g(tEIid ;f cH )wdu Yk kd a½Tvnf½&GJ wemtay: wefz;kd xm;jrwfE;kd yH(k tEdiI ;f )ESihf tjrwfwEd;k
xyfwjl yK.../ wefz;kd xm;yHk *kP&f nfwt l jzpf../
28/ opfa,mif;cufcsKd ;ouJo h Ykd (Oyrm) 35/ e&PDcikd f tifMuif;NrKd if (½lyu)
.... wG i f &uf p uf o l rd z k & m;ok b '´ g ud k &nf ñ T e f ; ......wGif qifrif;ESihf arGUavsmcf &hJ m twdwb f 0 0ef;usiu f kd
ajymqdo k nfY qifrif;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ owd & vG r f ; wrd o nf h rd z k & m;ok b '´ g \ o½k y f u d k pmqd k u
twdwb f 0oHa,mZOfukd tvG,w f ul jzwfawmufEikd yf kH az:ñTef;&mü..................../
(tEdIif;cH)ud k opfcufajcmufudk cGeftm;jyKp&mrvdk vG,fulpGm ES p f o uf o m,mzG , f a om tqif ; ta&mif ½ S d y H k
jzwfcsKd ;Edik yf (kH tEdiI ;f )ESESifh axmufxm;tm;jyK[efryhJ kH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf *kPf&nfwltjzpf e&PDa½Tcdkif(tEIdif;)ESifh tifMuif;awmNrdKif
cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;aomaMumifh OyrmtvuFmajrmufygonf / (tEIid ;f cH)wdUk ukd xyfwjl yK......./
29/ cspfBudK; (½lyu ) 36/ jrpdkifyanmif (½lyu)
.... wGif rdz&k m;ESirhf rd w d Ukd wG,af ESmifco hJ nfh oHa,mZOfukd ...wGif qifrif;ESihf arGUavsmcf &hJ m twdwb f 0 0ef;usiu f kd
&nfñeT ;f ajymqdo k nfh qifrif;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ owd& vGr;f wrdonfh rdz&k m;okb'´g\ o½kyu f kd pmqdu k azmfneT ;f .../
qufo, G af ESmifzUJGwwfaomoabm½Syd kH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf wcJeufprd ;f pdak om ta&miftaoG;½Syd kH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf
cspfarwåm(tEdIif;cH)ESifh BudK;(tEdIif;)wdkUudk xyfwljyKa&;zJGUxm; jrausmufpikd cf (J tEdiI ;f )ESihf yanmifyif(tEdiI ;f cH)wdUkukd xyfwjl yKxm;..../
aomaMumifh....................../
37/ ylpudk iifrd (0uF0w k )då
30/ cspMf uKd ;jzwfajz (0uF0w k )då ... wG i f twd w f b 0ud k owd & um aomu0if
..... wGif &ufpufol rdzk&m;okb'´gudk &nfñTef; aMuuJrG o d nhf rdzk&m;okb'´g\ o½kyfudk pmqdku azmfnTef;...../
ajymqdo k nfh qifrif;\ pum;tjzpf../ ylaqG;aomu a&mufz, G f taMumif;wdUkukd tm½kHa&muf
cspaf rwåmoHa,mZOfukd ypfy,f&pfon[ f k wdu k ½f udk f rd o nf[k wdu k ½f u dk rf qdb k J ]]ylpudik ifr}d }[k ................./
rqdkbJ ]].....}}[k................... / 38/ ylyifv,fa& (½lyu)
31/ rsufESmaiGv (½lyu ) ..................... ( txuf 37 twdik ;f ajzyg/)
..... wGif eef;aqmiftwGi;f at;csr;f pGm pHaysmaf eonfh twd k i f ; tqyrmP BuD ; rm;yH k *k P f & nf w l t jzpf
rd z k & m;ok b '´ g ud k &nf ñ T e f ; onf h qif r if ; \ pum;tjzpf tylaomu (tEdiI ;f cH)ESifh yifv,fa&(tEIid ;f )wd wdkUudk xyfwjl yK .../
oH;k xm;ygonf/
Munf v if 0 if ; yat;csrf ; aomoabm½S d y H k 39/ vdSKif;abmifbifa0 jrnfoHpJG
*k P f & nf w l t jzpf rd z k & m;\rsuf E S m oG i f j yif ( tEd I i f ; cH ) ES i f h .................. ( txuf 37 twdik ;f ajzyg/)
vjynf0h ef;(tEdiI ;f )wku Yd kd xyfwjl yK........./ vS d K if ; wH y d k ; ½k d u f c wf & mrS xG u f a y:onf h jrnf o H
]abmifbif}........../
32/ r,m;a[mif;vufeuf (0uF0w k )då
... wG i f ...ok b '´ g rd z k & m;\ tpD t rH j zif h 40/ usrsuf&nf acsmif;jzpf twdo,0kwåd
qifrif;toufq;kH &yHu k kd pmqku d azmfñeT ;f &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/ ........................( txuf 37 twdik ;f ajzyg/ )
b0a[mif ; u r,m;jzpf c J h o l ok b '´ g rd z k & m;\ onf;xefpmG idak <u;yHu k kd omrefrQ rzJUG bJ usrsuf&nf
appm;owfjzwfrKS [k wku d ½f ukd rf qdb k J ]]....}}[k oG,0f u kd zf UGJ qx kd m; acsmif;jzpf atmif[k tvGet f MuL; ................/
aomaMumifh............/ 41/ Am&mrif;vnfqJG (0uF0kwåd)
33/ rkq;kd vlysuf zkwo f buf (½lyu) ................... ( txufutwdik ;f )
... wGif pufqyk zf , G t f rltusi½hf o dS l rkq;kd udk pmqdu k Am&mPoDumodrif;\ rdzk&m; okb'´g[k wdkuf½kduf
azmfneT ;f onfh pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf / rqdbk J Am&mrif;vnfqJG [k oG,0f u kd f a&;zJUG xm;aom ................./

ynmoifcg r&Suf&m rS tvuFm trsKd;om;aeYrS tvuFmrsm;
P177
42
42/ ynm½Sm yrmolawmif;pm; (Oyrm) 49
49/ uReef if;jym;pdw(f 0uF0w k )åd
]ynmoifcg r½Suf&m}m}pum;ajywGif ynmoifvl½G,f ]trsKd ; om;aeU } pum;ajywGif udk,fhwdkif;jynfta&;
wdUk ukd aqmif;yg;½Siu f vrf;nTeo f nfh pum;tjzpf.../ arhavsmaY eonfh jrefrmwdkU\ edrfUuspdwfukd pmqdu k azmfusL;&mü
t½Sut f aMumufrhJ vHv
Yk jyKtyfykH *kP&f nfcsi;f wlonfh ../ ]r[kwrf w&m;onfukd acgi;f iHYk vufavQmjh yK vspv f sL½I
ynm&Smol (tEIid ;f cH)ud k olawmif;pm;(tEIid ;f )ESES i f h cdik ;f EIid ;f ..../ onfph w d [ f k wdu k ½f ukd rf a&;bJ ]uReef if;jym;pdw}f [k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG
xm;aomaMumif.h .. /
rdwqdk;&SifjyK rS tvuFm
50/ ocifrif;om;pdw(f 0uF0w k )åd
43
43/ ajAmwjAKe;f jAKe;f (jrnfopH )GJ
.... wGif trsdK;om;atmifyJGaeU vSKyf½Sm;rSKrSwpfqifh
þtvuFmuddk ]rdwqdk;½SifjyK}pum;ajywGif tvSLyGJ
jyefvnf jrifw h uf xufoefvmonfh jrefrmYpw d "f mwfukd pmqdu k
pnfum; odu k Nf rKd uyf ukH kd azmfusL;onfh tzJUG tjzpf pmqdku ......./
........./
ajAmwD;cwf&mrS xGuaf y:onfh jrnfoH ]jAKe;f jAKe;f }ud.k ../
rw&m;rSKudk ZmwdrsdK;½dk;rmefjzifh wGef;vSefonfhpdwf[k
44/ ajAmwjAKe;f jAKe;f wtkef;tkef;(jrnfopH )GJ
wdu k ½f u kd .f ./
.... wGif ............ ( txufutwdik ;f )/
51/ a&omcdk(0uF0kwåd)
½SifjyKyJGrS xGufay:aeonfh ajAmwD;oH ]jAKef;jAKef;}ESifh
.... wG i f ud k , f h E d k i f i H t a&;ud k arU a vsmU x m;NyD ;
vly&dowfwdkU\ toH]tk ] tke f ; tk e f ; }}udk xnfhoGif; a&;zJGUxm;
oufomovdk aeMuonfh vufatmufcH jrefrmwdkU\tajcudk
aomaMumifh jrnfopH t GJ vuFm......../
pmqdku........./
45/ tuúe|d bHw k ikd af tmifwuf (twdo,0kw)då
ta&;w,lr½Sd aeomovdk aeMuonf[k wdkuf½dkuf
... ½SifjyKtvSL txajrmufum tm;&0rf;om½SMd uyHu k kd
ra&;bJ ................../
azmf u sL;sL;a&;zJUG &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/
52/ ajrBu;D vufcwfrvJ(G 0uF0w k )då
ajAmwD ; cwf o H E S i f h om"k a c:oH xuf 0 ef ; usif o d k U
..... wGif twef;pmudo k m wpfEpS yf wfv;kH tm½Hjk yKaeonfh
ysHESHonfudk omrefrQrqdkbJ tuúed|bHkwdkifatmif wufonf[k
ud, k uf sKd ;Munfh ausmif;om;wpfO;D taMumif; pmqdu k ..../
tvGeftMuL; ......../
pmar;yJw G iG f {uefrck s atmifjrifrnf[k wdu k ½f u
kd rf zJUG qkd
46/ &ifbwfpnfw;D (0uF0w k )då
bJ ............................/
..... wGif vifaoojzifh idak <u;ol rde;f rwdUk \ obm0
53/ trsKkd ;om;wdUk \ tnTe(Yf 0uF0w k )åd ^ wuf vl
tpm;pm; ½Sw d wfaMumif; ½Sif;jyaeonfh q&musm;\ pum;..../
.... wGif aumvdyaf usmif;om;wdYk pGev Yf wT f tepfemcH
&ifbwfukd xkEu S f idak <u;onf[k wku d ½f u
dk rf a&;bJ
yHkudk ...................../
..[k....../
tm;xm;&rnf h wd k ; wuf a om vl i ,f r sm;[ k
47/ &ifbwfpnf (½lyu)
wdkuf½dkufra&; bJ...................../
.....wGif................. ( txufutwdkif; )/
xkEu S w f ;D cwf&mü toHjrnf[ed ;f yHk *kP&f nfwt l jzpf ywåjrm;ausmufpD"m; rS avhvmzG,ftvuFm
&ifbwf (tEIid ;f cH)ESifh pnf(tEIid ;f )wd wdkUudk *kP&f nfwcl si;f xyfwjl yK 54
54/ 0ke;f ceJ (jrnfopH )GJ
zJGUqdkxm;..../ ]ywå j rm;ausmuf p D " m;} m;}pum;ajywGif tpGrf;owåd
48/ 0g;ceJ ( jrnfopH GJ ) jyvdok l oli,fysKd \ vSyk ½f mS ;rItrlt&mudk pmqdu k azmfusL;&mü
.... wGif ½Sifavmif;vSnfhyJGü usDp,faemufajymifum oH;k xm;ygonf/
aysmw f wfMuonfh vli,f"avUukd azmfusL;&mü pmqdu k oH;k xm;..../ tdrw f cH g;udk ud, k v k &f mrS xGufay:on
f ;kH ESihf ajy;wdu y:onfh
vl w G i f u s,f v k y f o l jrwf o m'G e f ; ud k tysd K 0d k i f ; u jrnfoH ]0ke;f }udk xnfUoiG ;f a&;zJUG xm;aomaMumifh jrnfopH .GJ ..../
avSmifajymif &,farmoH ]0g;}udk xnfo h iG ;f a&;zJUG xm;..../ 55/ vlpm;wJ"h m;(0uF0w k )åd
.... wGif Adkvfrdk;oD;\ vufpGJ ywåjrm;ausmufpD"m;
Q
tpGr;f xufyu kH dk &nfñTef;ajymqdkol ZmwfaqmifwpfOD;\ pum; wGi.f .............. ( txufutwdik ;f ) /
tjzpf....../ edAÁmefaqmf\ aMu;pnfoH (tEdIif;cH)ud k uvwufoH
vlUtoufrsm;udk aoapatmifprG ;f onf"h m; [k wdu k ½f u
kd f (tEI d i f ; )ESES i f h r*F v m½S d p G m Ed I ; aqmf r I j yKwwf y H k *k P f & nf w l t jzp f
cdik Ef iId ;f xm;aomaMumifh ........ /
rzJGUbJ......................./ 64/ wm0ef0g;jcrf; (½lyu)
56/ wHawmifqpfyeG ;f atmif(0uF0w k )då .....wGif ttdyfrufol armifvlat; vkyfief;wm0eft&
.... wGif ajr;jzpfou
l kd pmempum;qko
d nfh tbd;k \pum; eHeufapmapm tdyf&mxjzpf&onfh taMumif; ed'gef;ysdK;&mü ../
tjzpf..../ emcHapatmif zdtm;ay;Ed;I aqmfwwfonfh *kP&f nfwt l jzpf
umv½Snf yifyef;qif;&JpmG trSKxrf;&onf[k wdu k ½f ukd f wm0ef( tEIid ;f cH)ES ihf 0g;jcrf;(tEdiI ;f )wk wkdUudk xyfwjl yK xm;aomaMumif.h .../
rzJGUbJ.../
57/ &ifu&GJ acs(twdo,0kwd)å tdrfa½SUudk,fawmfBuD; rS tvuFmrsm;
.... wGif ajr;jzpfol yifyef;qif;&Jonfukd rMunf&h uf 65/ iSuyf so H vdk (Oyrm)
aMumif; ik, d akd jymonfh tbd;k \ pum;ü ..................... / td r f a ½S U ud k , f a wmf B uD ; pum;ajywG i f a&jrS K yf A H k ;
oHk;ESpfwm tyifyef;cH ½SmazG&onfh Opöm&wemrsm; prf ; oyf a zguf c G J atmif j rif y H k u d k pmqd k u azmf u sL;&mü
oH;k xm;ygonf/
qHk;½HI;&ojzifh rcHpm;Edkifatmifjzpf&onfudk omrefrQ rqdkbJ
]&ifu&GJ acs}[k tvGet
f MuL;...../
tprf ; oyf c H o r Á e f \ ysOf w d k y sOf p rsm;
vG i f h y sH o G m ;&yH k ( tEd I i f ; cH ) ud k iS u f r sm; ysH 0 J y H k ( tEd I i f ; )ES i f h
]edAÁmefaqmf}rS tvuFmrsm;
58
58/ a'giaf 'gif (jrnfopH )GJ
aumif;uifodkYwufyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf t jzpf cdkif;EdIif;xm;aom
]edAÁmefaqmf}pum;ajywGif uvwufoH\ om,mBunfEl; aMumifh................/
zG,f oabmudk pOf;pmcef; 0ifaeonhf armifvlat;\ tawG;.../ 66/ rkd;Budk;tcsufaygif; odef;aomif; ypfcwfouJhodkY
uvwufacguf&mrS xGufaygonfh jrnfoH ]]a'gifa'gif}}udk (twdo,0kw)då
....../ .... wGif.....................( 65 twdkif; )/
59/aemifaemif(jrnfopH )GJ a&jrS K yf A H k ; \ ayguf u J G t m;jyif ; xef o nf u d k
....wGif eHeufapmtcg om,mMunfEl;zG,f BuHK&onfh omrefrQrzJUG b.J ..../
armifval t;\ tawG;pum;tjzpf..../
aMu;pnf wD ; cwf E d I ; aqmf & mrS xG u f a y:onf h j rnf o H 67/ tm;wufyu GJ o
hJ Ukd (Oyrm)
]aemifaemif}ud.k ./ .......wGif.......( 65 twdkif;)/
60/ aerif;\a½SUawmfajy; (0uF0kwåd) AH k ; cG J p rf ; oyf & mod k U a&muf ½ S d M uyH k ( tEd I i f ; cH ) ud k
.......wG i f uvwuf o H ? aMu;pnf o H E S i f h ed A Á m ef a qmf tm;wufzG,fyJGodkU a&muf½SdMuyHk(tEIdif;)ESifh tm;wufoa&m
\EI;d aqmfow H Ykd r*Fvm½Syd u kH kd azmfneG ;f onfh armifval t;\ tawG;tjrif.../ a&muf½SdMuyHk *kPf .............. /
aerif;tvif;a&mif xGufay:vmrnfhtaMumif; 68/ ajcaxmufEpS zf ufjywfaomwdik ;f jynf(0uF0w k )då
r*Fvm owif;ay; wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfonfhtoHrsm;[k wdkuf½dkuf ...... / ....wG i f t em*wf E d k i f i H a wmf umuG , f a &;twG u f
61/ iSufqdk;oHuJUodkU (Oyrm)
....wGif ukodkvfa&;EdI;aqmfoHrsm;u raumif;rSKjyKvdkoludk
vli,frsm; Edk;Mum; oifhyHkudk pmqdkuvIHUaqmf wdkufwGef;&mü
wm;qD;&ma&mufapaMumif; armifvlat;\ tawG;..../ oH;k xm;ygonf/
ukov kd af &;EI;d aqmfou H raumif;pdwu f kd aysmufu, G af pyHk ppfonfESifh vufeuftiftm; csdKUwJhum ckcHpGrf;&nf
(tEIdif;cH)ud k iSufqdk;oH(tEIdif;)ESES i f h wm;jrpfydwfyifaom oammm½SdyHk wdu k cf u kd pf rG ;f &nf rJhonhw f ikd ;f jynf[k wku
d ½f u
kd rf a&;bJ ]] .... }}/
*kP&f nfwt l jzpf../ t&m&mwGifus,f wdkYvli,f rS tvuFmrsm;
62/ axmifEIwfcrf;odkUa&muf(0uF0kwåd) 71/ ykwaf vmuf(Oyrm)
..... wGi.f ............( txufutwdik ;f )/ ]]......}}wGif udk,fcE¨m 0NzdK;onfudk usef;rmMuHhcdkif
(ukodkvfa&;EId;aqmfoHudk rMum;rDu) raumif;BuHaMumifh aomtvS[k rqdkEdkifaMumif; a0zefonfh q&m0efudkwifEG,f\
&mZ0wfoifrh nfh ab;eD;pyfaeonf [k wdu k ½f u k J ] ............}[k..../ pum;tjzpf .... /
kd rf qdb
63/ uvwufoHuJhodkY ( Oyrm ) ykyu
k u G 0G 0zdik zhf ikd ½hf adS eyHk *kP&f nfwtjzpf
lt jzpf raxG;aqG\
(trsKd ; orD ; wpf O D ; \) ud k , f c E¨ m 0Nzd K ;vG e f ; yH k (tEd I i f ; cH )ud k 77/ tESpf 700 avmufyyk (f 0uF0w
k )då
P179
( jrefrmpum;ajy tESpf
ykwfawmif;\ toGif(tEIdkif;)ESifh../ 700 avmufykyfoGm;ouJhodkY jzpf&ygonf...)
72/ wtkef;tkef; (jrnfopH )GJ (]ajAmwjAKef;jAKef;? wtkef;tkef;=rdwqdk;) ]]....}}wGif jrefrmpmay ordkif;wGif pum;ajy toHk;jyKrSK
]].....}}wGif aA'gq,f vkkyftm;ay;yJG tm;wuf<uzG,f tm;enf;aMumif; a0zefonfh q&mBu;D \ pum;wGif oH;k xm;ygonf/
ouf0ifvSKyf½Sm;yHkudk pmqdku azmf u sL;sL;&mwGif oHk;xm;ygonf/ (yd#uwfoHk;yHk a&muf½SdpOfumvuyif) jrefrmpum;ajy wdk;wuf
tm½Svl i,frsm;\ vkyftm;ay;yJGrS pk½Hk;xGufay:oH oifyh gvsuf aESmifah ES;cJ&h onf[k wdu k ½f u
kd rf qdb
k J ]].....}}[k oG,0f u
kd f
]tkef;tkef;} udk xnfhoGif; a&;zJGUxm;aomaMumifh jrnfoHpGJ ...../
tvuFmajrmufygonf/ cGeftm;½Sdaompm rS avhvmzG,ftvuFm
jrefrmpmta&;tom; wdk;wufapenf; rS tvuFmrsm; 78
78/ tbd"mefuo hJ Ykd (Oyrm) ( tbd"mefuJhodkY pum;vHk;awG wwfxm;
73
73/ aeUpOftvkyEf iS w hf (l Oyrm) (pum;ajyrSm aeYpOftvkyfESifhwlojzifh aomfvnf; ta½G; rwwfvQif cGeftm;½SdaompmrsKd; a&;wwfao;onf.... )
vlwdkif; wwfodem;vnfEdkifonfh tusKd;½Sdayonf/ ) ]]cGeftm;½Sdaompm}}pum;ajywGif wdusreS u f efaom
]]..........]]wGif pum;ajyonf aeUpOfb0udk vufawGU pum;vHk;rsm;udk a½G;cs,f oHk;EIef;wwfzdkY vdktyfyHkudk ½Sif;vif;
tusdK;jyK aMumif; q&mBu;D u aqG;aEG;rdeUf q&kd mü oH;k xm;ygonf a&;om;&mü oHk;xm;ygonf/
/ pum;vH k ; wd k Y \ teuf u d k wwf o d r I ( tEd I i f ; cH ) u d k
vufawGUb0udk wdu k ½f u f usKd ;jyKykH *kP&f nfwtjzpf
kd t lt jzpf tbd"mefwGif a0g[m&teufrsm;udk zGifhqdkazmfjyEdIifrI(tEdIif;)ESifh
pum;ajy\*k P f o wå d ( tEI d i f ; cH ) ud k aeU p Of t vk y f ( tEI d i f ; )ES i f h pum;vHk;rsm;pGmudk wwfodzGifhqdkEdkifpGrf;½SdyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf
cdkif;EIdif;............/ ckdif;EdIif;a&;zJGUxm;....../
74/ rde;f rrsm; tqifwefqmqifonfEiS w hf (l Oyrm) ( vuFmrSm 79/ pum;vH;k ajymif (0uF0w k )då ( 0guswnfaqmufyHku yGpdpd? csnfheJYeJY
rdefrrsm; tqifwefqm qif,ifonfESifh wlNyD;? tvSMunfh&eftwGuf avsmh&J&JESifh caemfceJY jzpfaeonfqdkvQif)
toHk;0if...) ]]....}}wGif pum;vHk; toHk;rSefuefonfhtjyif BuHYUcdkif
]]......}}wGiv
f uFmuAsmtzJUG \ vufawGUtusK;d jyKprG ;f tm; uspfvspfaom 0gusrsdK;wnfaqmufEdkif&efvnf; ta&;ygyHkudk
enf;yHkudk q&mBuD;u aqG;aEG;rdefUqdk&mü oHk;xm;ygonf/ ½Sif;vif; a&;om;&mü ..../
tvSty cHpm;rSKtwGuo f m toH;k 0ifykH *kP&f nfwltjzpf wdusrSefuefaom pum;vHk;rsm; a½G;cs,f oHk;EIef;
vuF m tzJ G U (tEI d i f ; cH ) u d k rd e f ; rtvS q if y H k ( tEI d i f ; )EE S i f h wwfvQi^f jcif; [k wku d ½f u
kd f ra&;bJ ]]pum;vH;k ajymifvQi^f jcif;}}[k
ckdif;EIdif;a&;zJGUxm;..../ oG,f0dkuf ..../
75/ tvk y frvkyb
f rJ aeEdik o
f nfh a,musmf ;ESiw
hf (l Oyrm) 80/ em;udx k cd u
kd f (0uF0w k )åd (..pum;vH;k ]ajymif}jcif;aMumifh em;udx
k d
( pum;ajyrSm pm;0wfaea&;twGuf tvkyf rvkyfbJ raeEdkifonfh cdkuf aomfvnf; OD;aESmufESifh em;odkY rxdcdkufbJ ½Sdaewwfonf/.....)
a,mufsm;ESifhwlNyD; usef;rmoefpGrf;..) ]].......}}pum;vHk;aumif;\ tusKd;oufa&mufyHkudk
]].......}}wGif pum;ajyta&;tom;onf aepOf b 00ü a&;&mü oHk;xm;ygonf/
vufawGUusus ta&;yg t&ma&mufaMumif; ............ / Mum;odpdwftm½Hkudk vSKHUaqmfEdkifpGrf;½Sdonf[k wdkuf½dkuf
vufawGUb0udw k u dk ½f u f usKd ;jyKykH *kP&f nfcsif
kd t csif;wlonfh rqdkbJ ]em;udk xdcdkuf}}[k oG,f0dkuf a&;zJGUxm;aomaMumifh ......./
pum;ajy\owåd(tEdIif;cH)ud k tvkyfvkyfonfha,musfm;(tEdIif;)ESifh
cdkif;.../ 81/ OD;aESmufEiS hf ESv;kH odYk rxdcu
kd b
f ½J dS
]]......}}wG i f cG e f t m;½S d a ompmrsKd ; a&;Ed k i f & ef
76/ a,mufsm;wdUk ywf½u kd Nf y;D tvSjyifouJo Y (Ykd Oyrm) ( pum;csD; pum;vHk;toHk; rSefuefonfomru MuHUcdkifuspfvspfaompmjzpfzdkY
awGESifh uAsmqefqef pum;ajy a&;om;jcif;rsKd;rSm aumif;yifaumif; vdkaMumif; azmfjy&m...../
jim;aomfvnf; .....) BuHUcdkifuspfvspfrI r½Sdaompmonf qifjcifawG;awmrI?
]jref r mpmta&;tom;wd k ; wuf a penf ; }}}}wGif pum;ajy ESpfoufarGUavsmfrI ray;pGrf;Edkif [k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]].....}}[k
ta&;tom;udk uAsmqefqef a&;om;rSK rjyKoifah Mumif; rdeq Yf okd nfh oG,f0dkuf......../
q&mBuD;\ pum;wGif oHk;xm;ygonf/
MuHcdkifaom tpGrf; ,kwfavsmYapyHk *kPf&nfwtjzpf lt jzpf 83/ 0gusvuform; (0uf0kwåd) ( ...pum;vHk;rsm;udk olYae&mESifhol
pum;ajyudu k Asmqefqefa&;xm;yHk(tEIid ;f cH)udk a,musmf ;wdyYk wf½u dk f tpDtpOf jyKvkyf&jcif;yif jzpf\/ þtvkyfudk em;vnf&efrSm -)
tvSjyifxm;yHk(tEIdif;)ESifh .............../ ]].......}}wG i f pma&;q&m\ tvk y f o nf 0gus

Q
wnfaqmuf onfh twwfjzpfaMumif; azmjyf &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/ tif ; 0aejynf a wmf zG H U N zd K ;pnf y if x nf 0 gcJ h o nf [ k
pma&;q&m[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]0gusvuform;} wkduf½dkufrqdkbJ ]]tif;0NrdKUom;wdkYyg;ajymifcJh......}}[k oG,f0dkuf
(pum;vH;k rsm;udk olaY e&mESio
hf l tpDtpOfjyKvyk o
f )l [k oG,0f u
kd .f ..../ a&;zJGUxm;aomaMumifh ......./
83/ vuform;^ vuform;aumif;rsm;(0uF0kwdå) ( vuform; 88/ olwdkY\ ta&mifaMumifh(0uF0kwåd)
aumif;rsm; pmaywdkYudk BudKufwwfatmif avhvmNyD; yDwdESifh wuG....) .......... ( txuf 87 twdkif; ajz&ef )
]]..........}}wGif BuHcdkifuspfvspfaompmrsdK;a&;wwf&ef tonfom;? tpkom;wd\ Yk yHyh ;kd rItpGr;f jzif[
h k wduk ½f ukd f
pmaumif; ayrGew f uYkd kd avhvmtyfaMumif; vrf;nTe&f mü oH;k xm; ra&;bJ ]]olwdkY\ ta&mifaMumifh [k oG,f0dkufa&;...../
ygonf/
pmaumif;ayrGefa&;ol pma&;q&m[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ rSefuefjcif;ESifh &J&ifhjcif;rS avhvmzG,f tvuFm
]]vuform;^ vuform;aumif;}}[k oG,f0dkuf a&;zJGUxm; 89 89/ owdåcJ (0uF0kwdå)(þazudk,f owådcJu taz csKyfudkifxm;onfh
aomaMumifh ..../ vuf xJrS ukef;atmf½kef;xGufojzifh usm;½kyfrjzpf <uuf½kyfuav;vdkvdk...)
]]rSefuefjcif;ESifh &J&ifhjcif;}}pum;ajywGif pma&;ol i,fpOfu
84/ em;udk cPcPESyd pf uf( 0uF0w k )då (]tm;}ESpv f ;kH xyfa&;Mu aq;rifxdk;cHzdkU xdwfvefYaMumuf½GHUcJYyHkudk ZmwfaMumif; jyef&mü
olrsm; txl;ojzifh ]jrefrmhtoH}onf uREkfyf\ em;udk cPcP...........) oHk;xm;ygonf/
]]......}} wGif pmacsmzdkYtwGuf 0dbwf pum;vHk;rsm;udk xd w f v ef U aMumuf ½ H G U vG e f ; ol [ k wd k u f ½ d k u f r qd k b J
rSefuefpGmjzifh wpfvSnfhpD oHk;wwfzdkY vdktyfaMumif; ½Sif;jy&m...../ oa&mfavSmifum ]owådcJ (tpGrf;owdåtwHk;tcJ)}[k oG,f0dkuf
Mum;odpdwftm½Hkudk tBudrfBudrf aESmifh,Sufonf[k a&;zJGUxm;aomaMumifh...../
wd k u f ½ d k u f r qd k b J ]].....}}[k oG , f 0 d k u f a &;zJ G Y x m;aomaMumif h
........................./ 90/ <uuf½kyfuav;vdkvdk(Oyrm)
................. ( txuf 89 twdkif; ajzyg )/
ae0ifhjrifonf 0a½Tjynf rS avhvmzG,f tvuFm usm;½kyftoGifysufoGm;onfh aq;rif½kyf(tEIdif;cH)udk
85
85/ wuDGsuDGs ( jrnfoHpJG ) ( a&ay:wGif iSufwpfpif; ESpfpif; wuRDuRDESifh <uuf½kyfuav;(tEIdif;)ESifh tpGrf;owådedrfhoGm;yHk*kPf&nfwltjzpf../
avSmfcwfoGm;vmaeMuonf/ ponfwdkYudk aemufu aea&mif½dkuf......) rSwfcsuf
]]ae0ifjrifonf 0 a½Tjynf}}pum;ajywGif {&m0wDESifh 91/ ajc&meif; (0uF0kwdå) (..tcg bdk;u vGefpGmoabmusvS\/
jrpfi,f qHk&m jrpfjyifodkU vSrf;arSsmfpOf awGU&onfh ½Scif;tvSudk ]]armifq,f? rif;om; BuD;&if ighajc&meif;vdrfYr,f/}} [k *kPf,lajymqdk\/
pmqdu k azmfusL;sL;&mü .../ )
iSuo f rÁef avSmcf wf&mrS xGuaf y:onfh jrnfo]H ] uRu D R}D } ]].............}}pum;ajywGif bd;k \ tpGr;f owdx å ufyrkH sm;udk
.............../ tm;us o l aj r ;i,f t j z pf pmqd u
k Zmwf a Mu mif
; aj y m&mü oH;k xm;
ygonf/
86/ i,f&dyfi,fa&mif usefaeao;ouJhodkY (Oyrm) (..tvHk;t&yf bdk;jzpfol\ *kPftpOftvmudk qufcHenf;,lonf[k
aumif;cJhol? toa& ½SdcJhol wpfOD;udk tdkqif;&J? emqif;&J....aemufwGif
wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]]ajc&meif;}}[k oG,f0dkuf ......./
jrif&onfhtcg)
]]............}}wG i f eef ; rawmf r,f E k t k w f a usmif ; 92/ ckw;kH vkyf (0uF0w rSwfcsuf
k )åd (..bdk;u uRefawmhudk ckwHk;vkyfí
tdka[mif;aomfvnf; cefYxnfqJ ½SdyHkudk azmf u sL; a&;zJGU&mü reuf w d k i f ; racsmjzL rk e f Y [ if ; cg;vmwd k i f ; ...]]a[h 'D a eY rk e f Y [ if ; cg;
oHk;xm;ygonf/ pm;OD;rvm;}}ar;onf/ )
td k a [mif ; onf h t k w f a usmif ; \ toG i f ( tEI d i f ; cH ) ud k ]].......}}wGif bd;k jzpfou l ajr;i,fukd tvkv d u kd [
f efjyKum
i,f p Of u tvH k ; t&yf a umif ; cJ h o l \ toG i f ( tEd I i f ; )ES i f h rdef;rydk;yef;wwfaMumif; ZmwfaMumif;ajym&mü pmqdku oHk;xm;
cH hxnfaeao;yHk *kPf&nfwl t jzp jzpff ......../ ygonf/
taMumif;&if;r[kwfonfudk [kwfav[ef taMumif;
jyonf[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]]......}} [k oG,f0dkuf ............/
87/ tif;0NrdKUom;wdkY yg;ajymifcJh(0uF0kwåd) ( xdktonf? xdktpkom; rSwfcsuf
wdkY\ vkyftm;jzifh tif;0eef;ajronf xnf0gcJhavonf/ olwdkY\ ta&mif 93/ ESmacgif;½IHU (0uF0kwdå)
aMumihf..) ( bd k ; \ td r f o m;rsm;uawmh ES m acg;½H I M uNyD ; ?
]].......}} wGif tonfom;tpkom;wdkU\ vkyftm;jzifh &dyfrdaeMuNyD/ )
a½S;acwftif;0 aejynfawmf zGHYNzdK;pnfyifcJhaMumif;udk pmqdku ]]....... }}wGif bdk;jzpfol\ ravsmfuefaom tjyKtrludk
azmfusL;..... / td r f o m;wd kU rvdkvm;aMumif; pmqdkuZmwfaMumif; ajym&mü
oHk;x;ygonf/ Ak ' ¨ , Of a us;rI jyef Y y G m ;a&;twG u f taxmuf t yH h a umif ;
P181
rESpo
f uf rvdvk m;[ef jyKMuonf[k wdu k ½f u
kd rf qdb
k J jzpfapcJhaMumif; aqmif;yg;½Sifu wifjy&mwGif oHk;xm;ygonf/
]]............}}[k oG,f0dkuf a&;zJGUxm;aomaMumifh ............... / eH&Haq;a&;yef;csD(tEdIif;cH)udk
rS w f c suf Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI½kyfjyZmwfvrf; (tEdIif;)ESifh todtjrifwdk;zG,f ?
94/ Zmwf q &m (0uF 0 k w d å ) ( ol Y Z mwf u m;wG i f u m;
pdw0f ifwpm; ½Icsizf , G ½f ydS kH *kP&f nfwt
l jzpf cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;aomaMumifh
olomZmwfq&m? tjcm;Zmwfq&mudk vufrcHawmhNyD/ )
]].........}}wG i f bd k ; jzpf o l u d k &yf ½ G m vl B uD ; wd k U u OyrmtvuF m ajrmuf y go nf/
xd e f ; ausmif ; yJ h j yif z d k Y rpG r f ; omaMumif ; 99/ vufeufaumif;wpf&yf (0uF0kwåd) ( xdak cwfu pmrwwfol
ZmwfaMumif;jyefpum;tjzpfpmqdku oHk;xm; ygonf/ wd k Y t m; yef ; csD y nmjzif h ynmay; tod < u,f a p&mü xd a &muf a om
vufeufaumif;...)
pDrHcefYcJGU OD;aqmifol[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]......}[k ............... ( txuf-98 twddkif; ajzyg )/
oG,f0dkuf..../ ynmay;tod<u,fap&mü xda&mufaom enf;vrf;aumif;
95/ csvrG (f jrnfopH )JG pGr;f aqmifcsu[ f k wdu k ½f u
kd rf a&;bJ ]].......}}[k oG,0f u
kd .f ./
( tdrfa½SY eH&Htumudk olY"m;ESifh ypfvdkufonf/ xdkYaemufjyef 100/ vrf;ppdpd w f u l ;(½lyu)( ...o'¨gw&m;wdkY aygif;pyf vkyfudkifonfhtcg
aumufum.........) rGrf;rHrI tEkynmwdkYonf vrf;ppdwful; ½SdvQif ½Sdoavmuf tqifhqifh )
]]..........}}wGif q,fcdkifolBuD; OD;atmif'Gef; rrSefruef ]]........}}wG i f bmomw&m;tay: o'¨ g pd w f j zif h
usL;vGeyf u kH kd jypfwifonfh tr,fBu;D \ trlt&mudk azmfneT ;f &mü yef;ynmtoG,foG,f uGefYjrK; ½Sifoef jyefYyGm; &ifhoef crf;em;cJhyHkudk
........../ aqmif;yg;½Siuf azmfñeT ;f ................/
tdrfa½SUeH&Htumudk aqmif"m;jzifh ypfcwfxdrSef&mrS &nfrSef;&modkY quffoG,faygufa&mufapEdkifyHk *kPf&nf
xGufay:onhf jrnfoH]csvGrf}udk xnfhoGif;a&;zJGUxm;aomaMumifh wltjzpf vrf;p(tEdiI ;f )ESihf pdwu f ef;(tEIdif;cH)wku
f ;l pdwo Yd kd tEIid ;f xyf
................../ wljyKxm;.../
96/ vlYwd&pämef(½lyu) (]]a[hatmif'Gef; r,m;cdk;&JU? vlYwd&pämef&JU? eifigh 101/ Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI jywdkufBuD;rsm;ozG,f(Oyrm)
oruftdwfxJ twif; bdef;xJhNyD; eifhaemufawmfyg.....}} ) (....xdktaqmufttHk tzHkzHkwdkYonf Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI jywdkufBuD;rsm;ozG,f
]]......}}wGif OD;atmif'Gef; rrSefruefusL;vGefonf udk jzpfonf/ )
jypfwifonfh aqmif"m;udkif tr,fBuD;\ EIwfajymtrlt&mudk ]]....}}wGif jrefrmjynft&yf&yfrS bk&m;? ykxdk;? *l? ausmif;?
azmfnTef; &mü ..../ wefaqmif;? Z&yfwUdk\ wefz;kd tESpo f m&udk azmfneT ;f &mü oH;k xm;ygonf/
qifjcifwHkw&m;rJhjyKyHk *kPf&nfcsif;wlonfh olBuD; bk&m;? ykx;kd ? *l? ausmif;? wefaqmif;? Z&yf ponf(tEdiI ;f cH)udk
OD ; atmif ' G e f ; (tEd I i f ; cH ) ES i f h wd & pä m ef ( tEd I i f ; )wd k Y u d k Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI jywkduf(tEIdif;)ESifh jrefrmh,Ofaus;rItEkvuf&mwdkU
tEdIif;xyfwljyKxm;ojzifh ½lyu......./ pka0;&mjzpfykH
rSwfcsuf *kP&f nfwtj
ltjzpf cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;aomaMumifh Oyrm tvuFmajrmufygonf/
97/ tzwfq,fr&(0uF0w k )åd ( OD ; atmif ' G e f ; um;
*kPfodu©m tzwfq,f r&avmufatmif usqif;aví ½GmodkY jyefNyD;
rcsOf;uyf&Jawmhay/ ) rS w f c suf
(jref r mpum;wG i f tom;usaeonf h "avh o H k ; pum;jzpf í
]]....}}wG i f ol B uD ; OD ; atmif ' G e f ; (bd k ; jzpf o l ) tvuFmtmedoif rxufjrufEdkifawmhyg )/
rw&m;rIjyKojzifh t½Suf&um b0&yfwnfrI ysufokOf;&yHkudk
ZmwfaMumif; jyef&mü oHk;xm;ygonf/ a&S;oHk;pum;xJu tvuFm wpfck
,cif½Sdxm;onfh *kPfaus;Zl;wdkUyg tusdK;rJhvufvGwf pD;csif;wdkufyJG
qHk;½HI;&onf[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ].....}[k oG,f0dkufa&;zJGUxm; jrifawmfrlwdkif;aoonf ( 0uF0kwåd tvuFm )
............../ pD;csif;wdkufyJG pum;ajywGif pD;csif;xdk;yJG ½HI;edrfh&ol Asnf;EJGU\
cGef;wHkYpum;tjzpf oHk;xm;ygonf/
jrefrmrI rS avhvmzG,f tvuFmrsm; ezl;u cRef;oD;'Pf&mudk tm½HkjyKrdwdkif; rcHcsdrcHom emMM unf;
/98
98/ ½kyjf yZmwfvrf;ozG,(f Oyrm) ( eH&Hyef;csDonf Ak'¨0if? r[m0ifESifh &ayvdrfhrnf[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]jrifawmfrlwdkif;aoonf}[k oG,f0dkuf
550........wdkYrSaumif;Edk;&m&mudk a½G;xkwfí tvSjc,f... Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI a&;zJGUxm;ojzifh 0uF0kwådtvuFmajrmufygonf/
½kyfjyZmwf.)
]]jref r mrS K }}pum;ajywG i f eH & H a q;a&;yef ; csD o nf
pum;ajyoifcef;pmtoD;oD;rS cufqpftzGirhf sm; pkpnf;csuf
odCo
F Yl orD;
1/ earmAk'ó
¨ = bk&m;tm; ½Sdcdk;yg\/ 28/ t0Dpd = i&JBuD;½SpfxyfwGif atmufq;kH xyfi&J/
2/ ydoQufESpf = uqkefv\ pef;,SOfeu©wf jzpfaom 29/ b0*f = tjrifq h ;kH bH/k
0domcgeu©wEf iS hf pef;,SOaf omESp/f 30/ pMu0|m = ork'&´ mBu;D av;pif;? uRe;f Bu;D av;uRe;f
q,fEh pS Ef pS f puf0ef;wGif 'kw,d ajrmuf jrif;rd&k af wmifwpfawmif yg0ifaom a'o
ESp\ f trnf/ tydik ;f tjcm;/ (ouúw- pMu+0gv)/
3/ eHumv = 0gacgifv/ 31/ pwkavmuygv = avmuudk apmifah ½Smufaom
4/ odCo F l = jcaoFu h ohJ Ykd &J&ifo
h [
l k teufaqmifonfh ewfrif;Bu;D av;yg;/
bJUGtrnf/ 32/ wawm,r = ,rrif;Bu;D /
5/ aus;Zl; = tusK;d / t&nftaoG;/ 33/ Edik if aH om = tjcm;olwx Ykd uf omvGeaf om/
6/ owif;pif = tusiphf ifMu,fonf/ jynfph akH om/
7/ twdYk = uREykf w f /Ykd 34/ Nird o f rd f = Nird o f uf odraf rGUaom/
8/ tmEkabmf = bef;wefc;kd ? pGr;f &nf/ Nird ;f at;aom/
9/ armif;rawmf = aqmif& eef;& r[kwaf om rdz&k m;i,f/
10/ trsut f þ = trsuaf 'go/ pD;csi;f wku
d yf GJ
11/ ta&;t&m,l = ta&;w,ljyKonf/ 35/ EIwaf &; = pum;jzifh ajymqdk aqmif½Gufjcif;?
12/ t&trd = vufiif;tusK;d / tajympGr;f &nf/
13/ &r®uf = wyfrufjcif;/ avmb/ 36/ vufa&; = um,pGrf;&nf? vuf½;kH &nf/
14/ arawå,s = þb'úrÇmwGif a*gwrbk&m;aemuf 37/ ZrÁL'dyfuRef; = jrif ;rd&k af wmif\ awmifbufwiG f ½Sad om
yGirhf nfh t&darwå,sb&k m;/ ZrÁLoajyyifaygu&f m uRe;f /
15/ uuFm = rsuaf rSmuf/ 38/ pD;csi;f awGU = wpfzufvQif wpfO;D pD qifukd pD;íaomf
16/ tuRww f &m; = oHo&mrS vGwaf jrmufapoaomw&m;/ vnf;aumif;? jrif;udk pD;íaomfvnf;
17/ cyif; = tm;vHk;/ cyford ;f / aumif; &ifqikd pf pfx;kd onf/
39/ qifwiG ;f jrif;wGi;f = qifjrif;rsm; uRu H satmif pDpOf
rdz&k m;zGm;apm wl;azmfxm;aom wGi;f usi;f /
18/ twkrhJ = twkr½S/d twlr½S/d 40/ ok½iS f = t½Sio f cif/
19/ jrifNh rJ = ½Sn½f n S Mf umMum cdik cf ikd rf mrm/ 41/ oDwif;oHk; = aexdik o f nf/
20/ r[m'gef = tvSLBu;D / oDvaqmufwnfí aexdik o f nf/
21/ wvif; = ajruGuv f yf/ uGi;f jyif/ 42/ tavmwef = awmf o if
½
h r
k H Q/
22/ oifyw k f = qGr;f / 43/ cRe;f = qif;udk csw d íf ? ayguíf cdik ;f ap
23/ onf;cH = NcKd ;NcHonf/ a&mif&h o J nf/ toH;k jyK&ef tzsm;wGif oHq;l aumuf
24/ EdUk opf = rcsu&f ao;aom EGm;EdUk / EdUk prd ;f / wyfxm;onfh tacsmif;twH/
25/ Ed"Yk rf; = Ed;k xrf;/ EdUk csO/f \ 44/ cRe ;
f oD; = vufjzifh udik pf íGJ wdu k cf u
kd &f aom
26/ &ufwuf = axmay;(axmywfprd ;f ) xkw, f Nl y;D aom vufeufwpfrsK;d /
Ed;k &nfMunf/ 45/ wm = av;awmiftuGmta0;/
27/ axmay; = EdrYk S &aom tqDcJ/ tqDO/ rvdkif/ 46/ q,fwm = tawmifav;q,f tuGmta0;½Sad om
axmywfprd ;f / c&D;/
47/ armufwkd = a½S;u jrefrmppfonfwyfom;wdaYk qmif; rdcifah omu
P183
avh½o dS nfh xdyzf ;l wyfO;D aqmif;wpfrsK;d / 69/ aomu = pd;k &draf MumifMh ujcif;/
48/ oHv
Yk l = ppfajrjyifü ppf½;IH í jzpfap? vufeufcsí 70/ ocFr;f = olawmfaumif;wdYk aexdik &f m
jzpfap? zrf;qD;&½Sad om &efob Yl ufom; taqmufttH/k
oHyYk ef;/ 71/ Oykoaf eY = txl;wvnf oDwif;oDv aqmuf
49/ csyf = oHeef;BudK;? oHuGif; ponfwdkYjzifh jyKvkyf wnf&ef owfrw S xf m;aom vqef;
xm;aom ppf0wftuÐs/ (8)&uf? vjynf/h
50/ aMu;rHk = t&dyx f ifatmif tacsmyGwx f m;aom 72/ pBuF H = acguw f aYkH cgujf yef avQmuf&efae&m/
aMu; ponfh owåKjym;/ MunfhrSef/ 73/ jrL;xl; = tvGet f rif; aysm½f iT f 0rf;om;rIjzifh
51/ "m;qd;k = "m;nH/h "m;pkw/f vIy½f o G nf/
52/ oHawmif = tvsm; 19 vufr½Sad om twdik ;f twm 74/ omEk = awmifxyd t f jyif/ awmifvsOf awmif0rS ;f /
yrmP/ 75/ eHyg; = ab;buft&yf/
76/ okomef = ocsKiØ ;f /
77/ wpjyif = vlaoaumif jrKS y&f mt&yf? ocsKiØ ;f /
OD;aygif;usm;ESifh jrif;usm;½Sif 78/ qdwq f w d f = wdwq f w d f Nird o
f ufpmG /
53/ Adv
k ½f o
I bif = Adkvfyg trsm;\ ½Ipm; zl;ajrmfjcif;udk 79/ rd;k aomuf = t½kPw f ufonf/
cH,al om obif/ rd;k vif;&ef tvif;a&mif ay:vmonf/
54/ BuHK;0g; = rdrd\ *kPaf us;Zl;udk jriS ahf jrmS ufajymqdk 80/ qdwn f H = Nird o
f ufonf/ toHww d o
f nf/
a<u;aMumfonf/ 81/ [w¬v d *d o
F ukP= iSuq f if/
55/ vufysO;f = vufarmif;&if;ü atmufoYkd avsmw h uGJ s
aeaom ta&cH/G
56/ &,fc;kd = wdww f w
d cf ;kd &,fonf/ aomEkwå&rkqdk;ESifh q'éfqifrif;
57/ OD;aygif;usm; = ta&mif taMumiftusm; jc,fv, S f 82/ BuiH mS r&J = BupH nfjcif;iSm r0H&h aJ om/
xm;aom acgi;f aygi;f / 83/ tqmus, k f = pdwq f E´ xl;axGrsm;jym;onf/
58/ rsuf = uGyrf suof nf/ 84/ em;awmif;yGwf = em;awmifykH ay:vmatmif wHpOf;
59/ jrif;wif;ukyf = jrif;xm;&m taqmufttH?k jrif;aZmif;/ ponfjzifh ñSdwdkufpm;onf/
60/ tm;oef = r&raerjzpfrae tm;xkwBf uKd ;yrf;onf/ 85/ ysm;,D;ysm,m = tvsipf vd/k
61/ n&Dwa&m = nOD;arSmifpysK;d csed /f 86/ yZm = tb,f/ bm/
62/ ,Huk sKaH om = ,HMk unfpw d cf s&aom/ 87/ vk'ú = rkq;kd /
63/ wzsio hf ek f = rnDrñGwf rNird rf ouf/ 88/ ZD0ew¬d = toufr½S/d aoonf/
64/ cGmwHk csO;f wHk = cGmacs csOf;acs/ cGmvdkuf uyfvdkuf/ 89/ uHauR; = vufc&dum© / tvkyt f wGuf
65/ ewfbv D ;l = Murf;MuKwf
w íf wefc;kd ½So
d nf[k ,lqMu ay;oifah om tc/
aom '@m @m
@m&Dvm wefcdk;½Sif/ 90/ ½Gmpm; = jrefrmrif;rsm; vufxufwiG f aus;½Gm
66/ a&cs = qifjrif; ponfukd a&csK;d ? a&aomuf&ef e,fajra'o owfrw S íf tcGet
f wkwf
a&odYk qif;cdik ;f onf/ aumufcH ,lyikd cf iG hf ay;tyfjcif;cH&ol/
67/ vljzpfqef; = vljzpf½?kH vljzpfumrQ/ 91/ a½S;½I = OD;wnfcsux f m;í tm½H;k pl;pduk of nf/
68/ vlrnfum = vl[k trnfwiG ½f rkH Q/ 92/ rdpäm = t,lrmS ;aomol/
93/ aAm"dowf = bk&m;avmif;/
94/ avmuwå, = bHo k ;kH yg/
95/ b0yg&*l = jrwfpmG bk&m;/
96/ edwZkH rÁL = y'krm® 0wfqH tqif;½Sad om ZrÁL&pfa½T/ 123/ Am&mrifvh nfqGJ = Am&mPoD rif;Bu;D \ rdz&k m;/
97/ y&d,m,f = taMumif;trsK;d rsK;d / 124/ &ifuJGem = jyif;jypGmylaqG;í aovkajrm
ajrmyg
a jrm ; a0'em
98/ a00kpf = pum;vS,/f pum;y&d,m,f/ BuD;pGm cHpm;&jcif;/
99/ ÚmPf0uFEÅ = aumufauGUaom´ÚmPf/ ynmoifcg r½Su&f m
100/ aywvl = vlayvlaw/ vlayvlnpf/ 125/ tvH;k pHk = tm;vH;k ? cyford ;f /
101/ av;pGeaf wmif = jyefu
Y m;aeaom pGeaf wmifEiS hf oP² P² mef 126/ rSwyf u kd f = ,lqonf/ ckid Nf rpJ mG cH,x l m;onf/
wlonfah v;/ 127/ usK;d EGH = cefYnm;onf/
½dak ocef
102/ 'dkif; = ,dik af eaomtdrf ponfwu Ykd kd 128/ *g&0 = t½dak oay;jcif;/ av;pm;jcif;/
uefaxmuf&aomwdik /f 129/ ed0gw = rdru d ,kd u f kd ESrd chf sjcif;/ rmeudk csK;d ESrd jf cif;/
103/ ayguv f wG yf vAGm= txde;f tuGyrf ½Sb d J jzpfvsu/f 130/ rmefrme = axmifvmT ;armufrmrI/ cufxefr/I
104/ oH;k wdu k v f ;kH ewf = bk&m;avmif;/ 131/ pdwjf rifh = rdru d , kd uf kd txifBu;D onf/
105/ Oy'f = ab;tEÅ&m,f/ pdwBf u;D 0ifonf/
106/ a[rm = awm/
107/ rSeu f l = jrwfE;kd xduk af om yk*Kd¾ v(f bk&m;? rif; rdwqd;k ½Sijf yK
ponf)/ 132/ bHk = jym omm 'f\ trd;k xuf½dS taqmifqif/h
108/ opfa,mif; = opfajcmuf/ aqG;jrnf haomopf/ 133/ jym omm 'f = taqmufttHk txufwiG f bHk
109/ a½Go;kH = toufBu;D ? toufvwf? toufi,f tqifq h ifEh iS hf xkyu d mwifaomtrd;k qif/h
jzpfaom trsK;d orD; &Ha½Tawmfo;kH rsK;d / 134/ rkcf = taygu0f / wHcg;aygu/f
110/ £'¨dyg'f = wefc;kd / 135/ r@yf = vltrsm;pka0;í wpfpw kH pf&m
111/ vwfwavmcsi;f = rqdik ;f rwG/ csucf si;f ? vufiif;/ aqmif½u G &f ef jyKvyk x f m;aom
112/ y&dwyf ef; = &[ef;awmfrsm; y&dw½f w G zf wfNy;D aemuf ,m,DtaqmufttH/k
y&dw\ f tmedoif 136/ y&du©&m = toH;k taqmifypön;f /
ude;f 0ifuseaf eaomyef;/ y&du&© m½Spyf g;-oif;ydki?f {uoD? ESpfxyfouFef;BuD;?
113/ qAÁP&Ö o H ð = tndK? ta½T? teD? tjzL? armif;aom oydw?f cg;yef;BudK;?yJcyG (f oifwek ;f "m;)? a&ppf? tyf/
ta&mif? NyKd ;jyufaomta&mif [lonfh 137/ uGr;f awmif = uGr;f xnf&h ef uvyfwpfrsK;d /
ta&mifajcmufrsK;d / uGr;f awmifuikd =f ½Siaf vmif;vSnhf &mwGif trsK;d orD;wef;\
114/ tjrKaw = tESpf? tESpfom&/ ykvJ/ ( tcsKdUaom xdyrf S uGr;f awmifuikd íf vduk &f onfhtrsK;d orD;/
wd&pämef? tcsKUd aom opfyifwüYkd jzpfaom 138/ y&dwt f ;kd = y&dw½f w G &f mwGif y&dwt f usK;d tmedoif
tpGr;f xufonf qdo k nfh tcJrmwpfrsK;d / &ap&ef xm;aomtd;k / (112 vnf;½I )
115/ rkwmå = ykv/J 139/ "mwfBu;D av;yg;= ajr? a&? av? rD; (0g) yx0D? tmayg
116/ rl;csed f = usycf sed w
f pfusyo f m;\ ½Spyf w kH pfykH 0ga,m? awaZm"mwf/
tav;csed /f ( ]0g}qdkwm wpfenf;tm;jzifh vdkYrSwfyg/)
117/ &rf;a&mf = wrf;wrSe;f qonf/ 140/ or = rQwatmifa&maESmonf/
118/ zkwo f buf = ajrapmifNh yw d må / 141/ Adv
k qf aH wmuf = t*Fvyd v f ufxufwiG f jrefrma,mufsm;
119/ a0,ef = eef;awmf/ av;rsm;pwifxm;aom qHyifypkH /H
120/ ,yfrm; = eef;wGi;f oH;k t½d;k ½Sn,y f,yf
, yBu;D / 142/ uifyGef;wyf = arG;puav;udk uif;yGe;f &nf ponfjzifh
121/ em&PD = a½TwpfrsK;d / acgi;f aq;r*Fvm jyKonf/
122/ u,ku,if = csppf zG,/f emrnfay;onf/
143/ tmvmyov’my= tcsi;f csi;f 0rf;ajrmufnñ D wG pf mG ajymonfh 166/ ajrBu;D vufcwf= (ajrBu;D udk vufjzifh ykwv
P185
f Qif rvJwG rf;
pum;pjrnf/ rvJG xdEikd o f uJo h )Ykd rvGrJ aoG/ {uefrck s/
144/ ,dYk = ½dkaorIjzifh ud, k u f kd 167/ csKH ;csKH ;us = ajzrqnf qnfEikd b f J ½du
I Bf u;D wiif/
ñGwu f ikd ;f usK, H o YkH nf/ 168/ pdwaf csmufcsm; = pdww f ek v f yI o f nf/ pdwv f yI ½f mS ;onf/
145/ usDpm; = upm;onf/ jyu jyuf&,fjyKonf/ 169/ bGKd if = pm;yJx G ;kd /
146/ wpfywfErG ;f = toift h wifh oH;k pJNG y;D aom tajctae/ 170/ Nred af &½S½Suaf & = ESpNf cKd upf mG / tm;yg;w&/
147/ ewf';kd wD; = 'd;k oHNrKd iNf rKd ijf zifh ewfqikd ;f wD;onf/ 171/ yGwfpl;bk&m; = ao;i,faombk&m;/
148/ acsmufcsm; = wkev f yI o f nf/ 172/ 0HomEk = rsK;d csppf w d ½f o dS /l
149/ cRyJ spf = aysmif;aysmw h w D monf/ 173/ rsurf ek ;f usK;d = Munf½h v I pkd wd f r½Sad tmif
150/avmuGwaf csmf = vdt k yfonfxufyíkd avm0wfjyKonf/ ½H½G mS pufqyk o f nf/
151/ yDpyd gwmzJUG EJUG = ta&;rygonft h &mudk csUJ xiG f 174/ &yfcH = &yf½mG a'ocH/
ajymqdo k nf/ 175/ pum;zm = ajymrdqrkd ad om pum;trSm;udk ajyajy
152/ ysmavmifcwf = tvsifpvdk jyKrl vIyf½Sm;onf/ vnfvnfjzpfatmif
153/ vif;a&mifysKdU = tvif;a&muf xGujf yLp jyKonf/ jyefvnf ajymqdo k nf/
154/ topfusycf Rwf = topfpufpuf/
155/'Hk;cH = tMurf;ywrf;toH;k jyKonf/ ayícHonf/
156/arSmZf m = ajctdw½f n S /f ywåjrm;ausmufp"D m;
157/tuúe|d bHk = ½lyjA[®m wpfq,fah jcmufbw kH iG f 176/ nDtpf
t pfurkd odwod= ae0ifcgc ge;D oJou J u GJ GJ rjrif&aomtcsed /f
tjrifq h ;kH bH/k 177/ rIe&f rD eI rf mT ; = roJruJ/G
178/ azmif;0wfjzL = rD;cdk;a&mifoef;aom tjzLa&mif/
179/ iSuBf u;D awmif"m;=tzsm;aumhcReaf om "m;½Sn/f
trsKd;om;aeY 180/ 'd| = rsujf rifu, kd af wGU? {ueftrSe/f
158/ oydwaf rSmuf = vdkvm;csufrsm;udk oufqdkif&m 181/ taemufaqmif = rdz&k m;rsm; pHjref;aom taqmif/
tmPmydik w f u Ykd vdu
k af vsmap&ef 182/ &ufcsKyf = arG;zGm;csed f ponft h csut f vufrsm;udk
rdrw
d Ykd tvkyw f m0efrsm;udk rvkyfrudkif xef;½Gupf onfww Ykd iG f
rxrf;r½GufbaJ eonf/ a&;rSwx f m;aom pm/
tvkyrf vkyb f J qE´jyonf/ 183/ cgom = ydwaf csmwpfrsK;d /
159/uGefz&ifh = rsufESmpHknD tpnf;ta0;/ 184/ y'krm® = yg;vSyaf om csnaf csmydww f pfrsK;d /
nDvmcHobif/ 185/ a'gi;f '*Fg; = a'gi;f ½kyyf kH cwfESdyfxm;aomaiG'*Fg;/
160/*dPk ;f *P = tzJUG tpk/ ttkyt f oif;/ 186/ ajAmif;qef = z½dkz&Jjzpfonf/
161/ tuGuu f s = xdro d nf/ ae&mwus jzpfonf/ 187/ oG,af ysmif; = qJBG uKd ;wpfrsK;d /
csuu f sonf/ 188/ aemfZmukHk; = ( aemfZmyef;yGiyhf rkH sm;jzifh toG,t f uH;k
162/ uReef if;jym;pdwf = tzdEydS f cH&aom uRew f \ Ykd pdw"f mwf/ jyKvyk xf m;onfh )vnfqw GJ pfrsK;d /
163/ a&omcdk = trsm;enf;wl tyifyef;rcHbJ oufom 189/ rcsd = ajzqnfEikd pf rG ;f r½S/d
atmifaeonf/
164/ "e½Sif = aiGt&if;tES;D rsm;pGm ½Sad omol/ aiG½iS /f
165/aocef;½Sicf ef; = aoonfumvtxd tquftqH rjyKbJ edAmÁ aqmf
jywf aeonf/ 190/ edAmÁ aqmf = aumif;rIukodkvf jyKvkyf&ef aqmfMool/
191/ ya,m* = tm;xkwrf ?I vHUI aqmfr/I

Q
192/ uvwuf = wD;acgut f csuaf y;&ef oH;k aom t&m&mwGiu f s,f wdYk vil ,f
tacgi;f xGi;f opfv;kH ? tH;k armif;/ 213/ ppfwvif; = ppfwdkuf&mae&mt&yf&yf/ ppfajrjyif/
193/ ur®|mef; = psmeftbdnmOfEiS hf r*fzv kd &f aMumif; 214/ vUv óm
óm[ = tvm;xkwjf cif;/ vHUk v0D&,
kH Oóm d /
jzpfaom vkyfief;/ 215/ acsiH = ,Ofaus;odraf rGUom,mEl;ñHo
h nf/
194/ pD;jzef; = w&m;oabmudk xyfwvJvJ
qifjcifymG ;rsm;onf/
195/ bk&m;udk;ql = bk&m;ESifh &[EÅm½Spfyg;udk ylaZmfonfhyJG/ jrefrmpmta&;tom;wd;k wufapenf;
216/ uAsm = pnf;rsO;f rsm;ESit hf nD pmvH;k tydyd k 'f
ta&twGu?f um&eftcsw d t f quf?
tdraf ½SUud, k af wmfBuD; toHtaetxm; ponfwjYkd zifh
196/ vuf½;kH = wduk cf u kd rf pI rG ;f &nf/ pDu;kH xm;aom tzJUG tEJUG /
197/ "mwfod = tajctae? pdwo f abmudk odNy;D ol/ 217/ pum;ajy = pmvHk;ta&twGuf? um&ef tcsw d f
198/ rdu
k ½f ;l &J = &rf;&rf;um;um;? rqifrjcif pGepYf m;aom/ tquf? toHtaetxm; ponfwjYkd zifh
199/ vlc&m = vloem;zG,&f m? cspcf ifz, G &f m cREJ UGJ í pnf;rsO;f rowfrw S b
f J
ajymqdw k wfo/l ajyjypfpGma&;om;ajymqdkaompm ompm/
200/ tdraf ½SUu, kd f = xD;arGeef;arGukd qufc&H ef vsm vsmxm;jcif; 218/ edó, = ygVdVw d pfcsu?f jrefrmjyef teufwpfcsuf
awmfBu;D cH&ol? Oy&mZm/ uaemifrif;om;BuD;/ bmomjyefqrdk /I
201/ yd#uwf = Ak't¨ qH;k trjzpfaom okw?f 0denf;? 219/ ysKUd = ydk'fa&aygi;f rsm;pGm zJUG qakd om av;vH;k pyf
tbd"r®m[laom yd#uoH;k yH/k vuFm½Sn/f
202/ bD = rdrt d xuf pwkwr¬ sK;d quf/ (tb?tbd;k ? 220/ vuFm = uAsm/
tab;?tbD?tbif?tbJ?tabm[k a&wGuof nf) 221/ pum;csD; = t"dutaMumif;t&m ra&;rDrD
203/ urÁvm = om;arG;jzifh &ufaomcif;ES;D / a½SUajy;tjzpf a&;om;csu/f
204/ vufeuf½kH = "m;? vS?H aoewf? tajrmuf ponfwYkd 222/ yd#uwfo;kH yHk = Ak'\ ¨ tqH;k tr a'oemtpktaygi;f /
jyKvyk &f m tvky½f /kH ( okw?f 0denf;? tbd"r®m
205/ 0wfvaJ wmf = jrifjh rwfow l Ykd qifjref;onfh [laom tpko;kH ck )
t0wftxnf/ 223/ or®musr;f pm = c&pf,mefbmoma&;usr;f pm/
206/ wHpOf; = oHukd wdu k pf m;&ef rsuEf mS jyifwiG f 224/ "r®"|d mef = yk*Kd¾ vu f kd r&nfp;l bJ? yk*Kd¾ vaf &; rygb/J
toGm;pdpdyfpdyfazmfxm;aom ud&, d m/ 225/ yrm'avc = arhrmS ;a&;rdaom ta&;tom;/
207/ jyKww f l = wpfpw kH pf&mudk NrNJ rpH mG xde;f ñSyf 226/ y#dyu© = qefu Y sibf uf/
xm;Edik af om ud&, d m/
208/ wpfceJ uf = tMum;tvyfr½S?d wpfpikd w f pfc?J cGet
f m;½Sad ompm
wpfpw k a0;wnf;/ 227/ omrefumvQu H m= tay:,rH Q/
209/ od;k aqmif; = Oa&mywku d of m;/ rsuEf mS jzLvlrsK;d / 228/ 0dk;wdk;0g;wm; = roJruJG? uJGuJGjym;jym; r½Sd/
210/ umrd = axrdonf/ vHak vmufonf/ 229/ aMu;pm;vdkuf = tcaMu;aiG,lí tvkyf vkyo f nf/
211/ uHuek f = tedpaö &mufonf/ uG,v f eG of nf/ 230/ xrif;pm;a&aomuf = jyK½;kd jyKpOf omrefupd /ö
212/ wef;csw d f = ta&;,laqmif½u G jf cif;rjyKbJ 231/ caemfceJU = awmifw h if;cdik rf mjcif; r½Sb
d /J
z,fcsex f m;onf/ 232/ O'g[½kPf = odomxif½Sm;ap&efjyaom yHkpH? jy,k * f/
233/ avmukw&å m = avmurS vGefajrmufaMumif;
jzpfaomw&m;/
ae0ifjrifonf 0a½Tjynf 255/ q,fcikd o
f Bl u;D = ½Gmq,f½mG udk tkycf sKy&f aom olBu;D /
P187
234/ 0a½Tjynf = tif;0aejynfawmf/ 256/ q,ftrd af cgi;f = olBu;D \ vufatmufwiG f q,ftrd u f kd
235/ xnf0g = cH hnm;Bu;D us,o f nf/ Bu;D Muyf&ol/
236/ uGr;f wpf,mnuf = uGr;f wpf,mudk 0g;í 257/ *wf = &Jpcef;/
nufavmufonfh tcsed f 258/ "m;vG,cf wk f = rsuaf pmif;xd;k ?
237/ usK;H = eef;awmfwnf½&dS m NrKUd ywfvnfwiG f cyfapmif;apmif;taetxm;/
wl;azmfum&efefxm;onfh ajrmif;BuD;/ 259/ xdk;uGif; = udk,fcE¨may:wGif rifjzifh xd;k &aom
238/ arQmpf if = ta0;odYk vSr;f Munf&h ef tuGi;f tuGu/f
taqmufttHjk rif/h 260/ okO;f = ukeo f mG ;onf/ aysmufomG ;onf/
239/ y&dwaf & = ab;tEÅ&m,f umuG,af pmifah ½Smuf 261/ pm½Gwf = pmudt k oHxu G íf qdo k nf/
wwfaom y&dwaf wmfrsm;udk ½Gwq f pkd Of 262/ arsmufrxm; = cifyeG ;f ½Sv d suf aemufwpfa,mufEiS hf
y&dwt f medoif ½Sad tmif xm;½Sad oma&/ azmufjyefonf/
240/ wHy;kd = rIw&f aom wl&, d mwpfrsK;d / 263/ yufyif;rd = rsujf rifawGUonf/ &ifqikd af wGUonf/
241/ c&m = rIw&f aom wl&, d mwpfrsK;d / 264/ a*: = yd;k yef;onf/
242/ oHviG f = vif;uGi;f yH?k aMu;wl&, d mi,fwpfrsK;d / 265/ vufyl;vufMuyf= vufqk y fvufuikd ?f rsujf rif xif½mS ;/
243/ ueuf = yEéu?f taqmufttHak qmufrnfh 266/ wzspaf wmufawmuf= wwGww f wG (f ajymonf)/
ajrae&mü OD;pGmpdu k af omikw/f 267/ MuOf = a½Smifonf? taygi;f toif; rvky/f
244/ t`ru G rf Q = tusO;f rQ/ 268/ w&m;cs = azsmif;zsajymqdo k nf/ trSm;trSef
245/ ausmif;tr = ausmif;aqmufvyk v f LS 'ge;f aom cJjG cm;Edik af tmif ajymqdo k nf/
'g,u d mr/
246/ taqmf = pkvpfwiG yf g0ifaom tpdwt f ydik ;f wpfrsK;d / jrefrmrI
247/ pdkifaygif = rkc0f txufwiG f wyfqifxm;aom 269/ jrefrmrI = jrefrmwdYk tpOftvmt& 0wfpm;qif,if
yef;axmif wpfrsK;d / ajymqdk usiBhf uaH exdik rf rI sm;/
248/ wk&if = jym omm 'f taxmift h csK;d wdwYk iG f 270/ yDyDjyifjyif = xifxif½mS ;½Sm;/
axmifvsuf wyfqifxm;aom 271/ tEkock rk = *Dw? uAsm? yef;cs?D yef;yk
tqifwefqm wpfrsK;d / paomtEkynm/
249/ pkvpf = txGwt f qifwefqm/ 272/ ajrpdu k af pwD = atmufu tkww f u kd f taqmufttHk
250/jynfwikd ;f um; = wdik ;f jynfBu;D / rcHbJ ajray:wiG f wnfxm;aom apwD/
251/ wpfq,fEh pS rf I = jrefrmrif;vufxufwiG f rif;rIxrf; 273/ ykx;kd = bk&m;apwD/
rif;wdik ;f r[kwo f l (tonf) rsm;u rif;udk 274/ *l = *lb&k m;? atmufu tkww f u kd cf íH
qufo&aom tao;tzJG ypön;f wnfxm;aom bk&m;/
(12)rsKd;/ ( wrmap;? avQmf? OoQpfoD? 275/ Xmyem = xnfo h iG ;f onf/
a&eH ponf) 276/ a½Tyed ;f cs = wpfjyifv;kH a½Ttjynfch sonf/
252/ uodP k ;f 0ef; = tm½Hpk ;l pdu
k Mf unf½h &I aom jrifuiG ;f / 277/ ½ky<f u = azmif;<uatmif jyKvyk x f m;aom ½kyyf /kH
278/ ½kycf u
G f = twGi;f vH;k csKid chf u
G af eonfh yHpk jH zifh jyKvyk f
xm;aom ½kyyf /kH
rSefuefjcif;ESifh &J0Hhjcif; 279/ tkwcf u G bf &k m; = ½TUH aysmw
h iG f bk&m;yHpk u H kd yHpk cH u G jf zifh ESyd íf
253/ 'Gew
f GJ = ESpcf , k OS w
f aGJ eonf/ jyKvyk Nf y;D rD;zkwx f m;aom bk&m;yH/k
254/ trSoD [J = rScD &kd m/
Q
280/ wHceG w
f ikd f = bk&m;? ausmif;wdt Yk eD;wGif wHceG t f jzpf jzpfpOf 547Zmwf(3 Zmwfjznfíh 550
pdu
k x f m;aomwdik /f [k rSwo f m;Muonf/)
281/ uEkwf = tEG,f tcuf t½Guf ponfwYkd &pfywf 301/ edygwf = bk&m;jzpfawmfpOf Zmwfawmfrsm;udk
axG;,Suaf eaom yko H P² mef ½So d nfh umvta&twGut f vduk f pkpnf;xm;
tqifwefqm trGr;f trH/ aom Zmwf0w¬Ktpk/
282/ eH&yH ef;csD = *lb&k m; ponfw\ Ykd twGief &H w H iG f 302/ pvG,f = ycH;k wGif odik ;f í vG,x f m;&aom
a&;qJx G m;aom yef;csyD rkH sm;/ tqifwefqm/
283/ yef;&ef = tkwt f *FawwdjYk zifh taqmufttHk 303/ em;yefawmf = em;wGif yefqif&aom tqifwefqm/
aqmufvyk o f nfh twwfynm/ 304/ pnf;yHk = trsK;d orD;rsm;OD;acgi;f ü 0wfqif&aom
284/ yef;warmh = ausmufqpftwwfynm/ tqifwefqm/
285/ yef;yGwf = opfom;? qifp, G f ponfwu Ykd kd yGwcf íH 305/ ,u© = bDv;l /
yHak zmfonfh twwfynm/ 306/ ukrPÇ f = ewfbv D ;l wpfrsK;d /
286/ yef;yJ = oHxnftrsK;d rsKk ;d oGe;f vkyo f nfh twwf 307/ *EÄÁ = ewfocD si;f onf/
ynm/ 308/ rEkó[ D = vlrsuEf mS wpfcEk iS hf jcaoFu
h ,kd Ef pS cf G
287/ qnf;vnf; = vIyv f Qif toHjrnfaom acgi;f avmif;i,f/ ygaom ½kyo f P²mef/
288/ tajymuftrGr;f = ½kyfvHk; ½kyf<u jcL;yef;jcL;EG,f ponfwdkY 309/ e&m; = ajcav;acsmif;ygaome*g;½ky/f
jzifh rGr;f rHjcjc,f
j c v, S x f m;aom Adou k m 310/ ruef; = ud,k t f aMu;cG?H ESmarmif;? ajcav;zuf
vuf&m/ tNr;D ponfwYkd ygaom a&owå0g/
289/ vuf&ef; = avSum; ponfwaYkd b;rS wyfqif 311/ a½TZ0g = a½Trifjzifh a&;jc,fxm;aom
xm;aom xdefe f;udik pf &mwef;/ yef;cuft½kyf ponf/
290/ vSn;f yHak wmif; = 0if½;kd pGy&f m vSn;f bD;tpdwt f ydik ;f /
291/ yef;wOf; = aMu;xnftrsK;d rsK;d oGe;f vkyo f nfh
twwfynm/ cufqpfajzwJch g
292/ rud#k f = bk&ifpaom jrifjh rwfow l Ykd aqmif;onfh
OD;acgi;f tqifwefqm/ ar;cGe;f rSm ygwhJ ud,
k af jzvdw
k hJ cufqpfpmvH;k aygi;f
293/ yef;,Ge;f = ,Ge;f xnfjyKvyk af om twwfynm/ twdik ;f ul;a&;Ny;D nDrQjcif;xd;k Ny;D ajz&ygr,f/
294/ a½Tqikd ;f cwf = bk&m;wGif a½Tcs&onfh
a½Tqikd ;f jyKvyk o f nf/ trSwpf Of a&;xd;k ay;zdYk rvdyk g/
295/ a½Tcsnx f ;kd = a½Teef;BuKd ; aiGeef;BuK;d wdjYk zifh t0wf cufqpftzGiahf wG a&;wJt h cg owfyrkH eS &f r,f/
txnfay:wiG f yHt k rsK;d rsK;d xd;k csKyo f nf/ (rSm;wwfwmawGudk pmvHk;xleJY jyay;xm;w,f *½kpdkufyg )
296/ rkj'm = vuf[ef trlt&m/ teufwpfrsK;d ru zGiq hf jkd yxm;wmawGrmS ud,
k yf ikd Ef ikd w
f hJ
297/ pOfh = ajrxnfukd okwv f rd ;f &aom wpfrsKd ;udk ajzEkid &f &Ny/D
acsm&f nfwpfrsK;d / 0du
k u
f iG ;f awGeUJ xyfr½H iS ;f jycsuaf wGukd vdt
k yfrS xnfyh g/
298/ Ak'¨0if = jrwfpGmbk&m;\ b0jzpfawmfpOfukd
a&;om;xm;onfu h sr;f / ajzqdck sed cf w
JG rf;u tMurf;zsO;f oH;k rdepfyg/
299/ r[m0if = r[mor®wrif;rSpí rif;tqufquf 0D&,
d pdu
k o
f w
l ikd ;f ig;rSwu
f u
G w
f d &Edik cf iG ½hf ydS gw,f/
taMumif;t&mrsm;udk
a&;om;xm;onfh usr;f /
300/ ig;&mhig;q,f = a*gwr bk&m;avmif;\ twdwb f 0
pav OD;ykn pD&ifonfh a&onfjyZmwf
( bk&m;a[m t|edygwv
f m **FgrmvZmwfukd ausm½d;k jyK pDu;kH xm;jcif; jzpfonf/ )
tcef;tvdkuf pum;pyfESifh pum;ajy ½Sif;jycsufrsm;
q&mOD;pd;k 0if; jyKpk oifMum;onf/
tcef;(1)
rif;om; wuúodkvfjynfokdY ynmoifoGm;cef;ESifh Am&mPoDNrdKUajrmufrsufESmwGif a&onfa,mufsm; pum;qdkcef;
O',ukrm® rif;om; ynmoifomG ;^jyefvmem;onfh Zmwfuu G Ef iS hf usm; - NrKd UajrmufrsuEf mS rS eHeufcif; a&a&mif;xGuv f myHk Zmwfuu
G f
pum;yd'k (f 1) a&onfa,mufsm; nnf;ñlpum;/
aZ,wk oAÁr*FvH/ / Am&mPoD jynfh½Sif rif;BuD;\ om;awmf O',ukr®mrif;om; wuúodkvfjynfodkY ynmoifoGm;ap/ wuúodkvfjynfutjyefvrf;pcef;ü em;aeap/
4if;Am&mPoDNrdKU ajrmufrsufESmu a&a&mif;a,musfm; xGufqdk&efpum;^pum;ydk'f(1) wpfudk,fwnf; nnf;ñlpum; (a&a&mif;xGufcef;)
] aMomf...vlYbHkcef;0g? vlYjynf½GmrSm 0rf;pmcJcuf? rk&if;xrif;? csOfaygif[if;ESifh? qefwGif;ueufvGef;vdkY? touf½SdpOf? raocifudk? aumufvsifBuD;qef?
eDwmvHESifh? ig;oefao;Ekyf? a&vHkjyKwfrsm;udk? wpfvkwfu,f00? pm;vdkuf&vQifjzifh? tmuyg;pyf? vljzpfusKd;eyfaviJh/^^ r&yfrem;? a&udka&mif;vdkY?
0rf;ausmif;yg jim;uyJ? pm;&onfah eY? wpfvvH;k wGirf ?S oH;k eyfavmufu,fom awGU&w,f/ aiGE, S af Mu;ES,f b[mhE,
S rf sm;udk uG,af viJh ydwyf w
d af ysmuf?
trJGwumh xGwfacgif? zGwfrif;aemififr Sm? jymawmiffBuD;aygufua&mh? ajymifajrmufatmif rJGEdkifwJh ighudk,faESmf/^^}}
pum;pyftcsuaf wGukd ckvkd ajzay;yg/

ay;xm;aom pmyd'k o f nf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf tcef;wpf]]a&onfa,muf a,mufsm; pum;qdck ef;}}rS xkwEf w k cf suf jzpfygonf/
Am&mPoDNrKd U ajrmufrsuEf mS üjzpfonf/ eHeufcif; a&a&mif;xGu&f ef jyifqifcsdefwGif jzpfonf/ a&onfa,mufsm; rdrw d pfu, kd wf nf;
nnf;ñlajymqdak om pum;jzpfygonf/
rdrb d 0 qif;&JveG ;f onfukd xkwaf zmfvo kd jzihf nnf;ñlajymqdkjcif; jzpfygonf/
ajymqdyk rkH mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf/
]]aMomf... vlwYkd aexkid &f m t&yfjynf½mG wGif 0rf;pma&;rSm cufcJ vSygonf/ rk&if;qefxrif;ESihf csOaf ygi[f if;rQ pm;&zduYk ykd if rvG,f
ulvyS g/ xdaYk Mumifh touf½aSd eqJ? raocif umvtwGi;f awmihw f rdonfq h E´rmS eDwm&Jaumufvsio f ufEq k efxrif;rsK;d
ESihf ig;ao;ig;rTm; ig;oefig; a&vHjk yKwcf su[ f if; jzpfonf/ xdx
k rif;? xd[ k rf Q pdwfwdkif;us pm;vdv
k if;rQukd wpfvw k yS gonf/
,if;odYk pm;vdu k &f ygvQif tvGex f jl cm;aom yg;pyf t&omcH&Ny;D vljzpf&usK;d eyf&ayvdrrhf nf/}}
( 'Dae&mrSm pum;ydk'fudk avhvm& vG,fatmif pmydk'f cJGNyD; a&;ay;xm;ygw,f/ )
]]uREfkyfonf a&udk r&yfrem; a&mif;í toufarG;0rf;ausmif;& ygonf/ xdrk Q yifyef;aomfvnf;bJ þxrif;? þ[if; (rk&if;
xrif;ESichf sOaf ygi[
f if;)rQukd pm;&onfah eY&ufrmS wpfvwGif oH;k eyfavmuf rQom jzpfygonf/ aiGaMu; ponfh &ayguf
&vrf;wdrYk mS vnf; rjrif& rawGU& avmufatmif vH;k 0 uG,af ysmufaeygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh uREkfyfrSm qif;&Jonfh b0wGif
f d a&mufaeygonf/ rJGaom zGwfwdkY\ bk&ifuyif aemifawmft&m xm;&
tqH;k pGex xm;&avmufatmif qif;&JraGJ wvS
ygonf/jymawmifBuD; aygufavmufatmifyif ajymifajymifajrmufajrmuf qif;&J rGaJ wEdik v f eG ;f vSonfh b0tajcygwnf;/}}

Q
pum;yd'k (f 2 ) wpfu, kd w f nf; tm;wif;ajymqk&d if; tcef;( 2 )
(qdik ;f q&mBu;D udyk g qdik ;f qifv
h u
kd af ompum;)/ r - Am&mPoDNrdKU awmifrsufESmrS eHeufcif;wGif a&a&mif;xGufonfh ZmwfuGuf
(qif;&JyrkH sm;nnf;ñl ^ jyeftm;wif;)udk avhvm&ygr,f/
]][,f... odkYaomfvnf; a,mufsm;? uHa½SYoGm;? uHxm;&m[Jh? rEHkeJUygbl;/
tvSnfhoifh csufydkif? Muufuef;cGyfvdkY? yJGuRwfatmif Edkifao;oy/ pum;yd'k (f 3) wpfu,
kd w
f nf; nnf;nlpum;/
uHqikd v f wYkd u,f? csuaf umif;udk wG,rf v d Qif a&onfarmifarmif vlaevSv?Ykd
a½Tcsovdk ajymifvrd rhf ,f? taqmifawmf a&td;k ESihf qdik ;f xrf;yd;k pHt k vif? a&csKu d kd
qefEiS v
hf &J atmif NrKUdxo
J Ykd 0ifawmhr,f/^^rSe0f ikd ;f ½Siaf wmfo;kH u a&yH;k BuKd;quf//}}
NrKd UawmifrsuEf mS u a&a&mif;rde;f rxGuq f &kd efpum;rSm-
]]aMomf...Am&mrnfac:? onfjynfawmfrmS ? tausmaf Z,s? acgirf mS
ay;xm;onfh pmydk'fonf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf pJaG tmif? rJaG wvSw?hJ uRerf ud, k if ,f? wpfcg wpf&?H avmu"HrmS ?
tcef;wpf ]]a&onfa,musmf ; pum;qdck ef;}}rS xkwEf w k cf suf uHrsupf v d nfvrYkd ?S ajymifEikd w
f ,fr½S?d a&½Guv f aYkd &mif;? 0rf;udak usmif;
jzpfygonf/ &w,f? acgi;f used ;f vdYk &dcNhJ y/D ^^ yJaphwpf0uf ajymif;wpf0ufEiS ?hf
Am&mPoDNrKdU ajrmufrsufESmüjzpfonf/ eHeufcif; qefjyufou d m? ygaumif;vdYk ygawmhw,f/ [if;vsmu yDavm?
a&a&mif;xGucf sed w f iG f jzpfonf/ vnfacsmif;udk ajrvSe?f *vHq k efatmif? pHu k efvYkd arQm&w,f?
a&onfa,mufsm; rdrw d pfu, kd w f nf; tm;wif; ajymqdk aumvdu k w f uhJ /H ^^
onfYpum;jzpfygonf/ ^..wpfudk,fwnf; tm;wif;ajymqdk&if; ^^rk&if;qeffESifh yJG&HcsOfaygif auR;EdkifwJh armifrsm;udk?
qd k i f ; q&mBuD ; ud k y g qd k i f ; qif h v d k u f o nf h pum;jzpf y gonf / vlaY bmifwiG f wpfcg? Burd fprf;csiyf gb/d ZmwmxGe;f ay:?uHE;Id aqmfvYkd
(vku d zf ufatmif owdjyKa&;yg/) rawmfwq? rk&if;armifarmif? OD;csOaf ygi½f EYkd iS hf tdraf xmifrsm;
rdrdb0 qif;&JvGef;yHkudk xkwfazmf nnf;ñlrdojzifh uscgr?S 00Bu;D aygi;f vef atmif? 0rf;pnf;pdr?f cHawmhr,f/^^}}
jyefvnftm;wif;ajymqdjk cif; jzpfygonf/
ajymqdyk rkH mS þodjYk zpfygonf/
pum;pyftcsuaf &;om;yHk ( ud,
k w
f ikd af vhusiyhf g/ )/
]][,f...rnfodkYyif nnf;ñlrdaomfvnf; igonf
a,mufsm;om;wpfO;D yDyD tm;ravQmoifah y/ vlb Y 0 qdo k nfrmS ajymqdkyHk½Sif;jycsufwpfydk'fvHk;udkawmh atmufrSm avhvmyg/
uHprD &H musiv f nfaaexdik Mf u&onfom jzpf&m igb h 0onfvnf; ]Am&mPoD[laom þNrdKUawmfBuD;wGif uRefrrSm olod
tpOftNrJ ñHzh si;f aernfr[kwyf g/ tcgtcGihf oifyh gvQif rsufuef; rsm;xif½mS ; ausmMf um;ol wpfO;D jzpfygonf/ taMumif;rSm b0
MuufyiiffvQif tydkifcGyfí wpfyGJwnf;jziifh tEdik &f zl;ao;onf/ tajc qif;&Jyw kH iG ftqH;k pGex f d rJaG w EHck smjcif;aMumifh jzpfygonf/
xdtYk wlyif igonfvnf; uHtaMumif; nDñw G w
f ukd q f ikd f vmygu wpfBudrfwpfcgrQyif jzpfapb0wGif avmu\ qlBuHK edrfhjrifh
tcGifhtcgaumif;udk toHk;csum b0atmifjrifrI &ayvdrfhrnf/ oabmt& uHtcGiahf umif;rsKd ;udk BuKH &oihyf gonf/ odaYk omfvnf;
xdo k jYkd zifh uREyfk af &onfarmifarmifrmS vltae b0tajc vSum uRefrb0ü aumif;aom uHtvSnfhrSm vrf ; rS m ;írQ y if v Q i f
a½T csxm; ouJhodkY ajymifa&mi &mif wifw h ,fygrnf/ xdaYk Mumifh a&mufrvmzl;ao; ao;yg/ xdaYk Mumifh ajymifa&mifwifw h ,fpmG ae&jcif;rsK;d
,cktcgwiG f aqmif,al eus a&td;k ? qdik ;f xrf;yd;k pHv k ifpmG jzifh a&csKu d kd r½dScJhyg/ OD;acgif; usdef;&donfhwdkif a&½Guf a&mif;umom
cyfa&mif;vsuf qef&zdkU tvdkYiSm NrKd Uxo J Ykd 0if&ygawmhrnf/}} 0rf;pm½SmazGc&hJ ygonf/}
( bk&ift h oH;k awmfcH rSepf aD ½Tcs qdik ;f 0dik ;f tv,f½Sd qdik ;f q&mBu;D u ]uRerf pm;aomuf&onfrmS vnf; yJaphwpf0uf? ajymif;aph
a&cyfw;D vH;k av; wD;ay;vdu k pf rf;yg ) wpf0ufwGif qeftenf;ygonfudk csuf&onfh xrif;rsdK;om
jzpfygonf/ [if;vsmrSm yDavm½Gufom/ Murf;wrf;vSaom
xrif;[if;udk rsKcd spOfwiG v f nf; vnfacsmif;om;udk ajrvSev f u
kd f
onft h vm; emusiyf gonf/ ]*vH}k [k jrnfoH qefwuf xGuaf y:
vmonftxd ajcpHu k ef tm;pdu k Nf y;D rsKcd s&onfh tajcrsK;d jzpfonf/
tusK;d ay; EkcH sm nHzh si;f vSonfh b0uHyif jzpfygawmhonf/}
](xdrk Q pm;a&;csKUd wv hJ oS jzif)h uRerf onf rl&if;qefxrif;ESihf
csOfaygif[if;vsmrQ auR;Edkifol cspfolarmifa,mufsm;om;rsKd;udk tcef;( 3 )
avmuwGif wpfBurd rf QS jzpfap BuKH awGUcsipf rf;vSygonf/ xdo k Ykd O',ukr®mrif;om; - jynfawmfjyefa&muf eef;odrf;yJGcHonfh ZmwfuGuf
uHtcGit hf vrf; aumif;rsm; wdu k q
f ikd f BuKH BuKd uuf m? rawmfwq
qdok vdk rxif rSwb f ?J rk&k if;qefxrif;? csOaf ygi[ f if; auR;Edik rf nfh wuúodkvfjynfu jyefaom rif;om; xí jynfawmfodkY a&mufap/
crnf;awmf vGefESifhaomaMumifh rSL;rwfwdkYu eef;wif? eef;odrf;yJGcH/
a,muf s m;om;rsKd ;ESifh aygif;zufcJh&ygvQif xdkxrif; xdk[if;
(rk&if;qefxrif; csOfaygif[if;)wdkYudk tm;yg;w& pdwfauseyf
oGm;onfw h ikd f w0Bu;D rS0D J oH;k aqmifum 0rf;t&om cH,v l u kd f eef;odrf;yJGBuD; usif;yaecsdefvdkY rSwfxm;yg/ pum;ajymcef; rygygbl;/
ygO;D rnf/}}
pum;yd'k (f 4)wpfu, kd w
f nf;tm;wif;pum;/
(qdik ;f qifv
h u
kd af ompum;)/
tcef; ( 4 )
]]aMomf... awmfBuH ajrmufBu?H b&Hawmufw;D ? qif;&Jcef;udk vrf;ckvwfrSm ESpfOD;awGUqHk tjyeftvSef ajymqdkum vufxyfa&;wdkifyifyHkESifh
ed'ge;f oG,v f ?Ykd b,fEh , S yf if nnf;aomfvnf;? qefe;D r,ff r[kw?f usm;-aiGav;a½G;udk oGm;,lyHk ZmwfuGufrsm;
a&MuyfMuyf a&mif;Edik rf ?S ajymif;qefukd ukyrf rd ,f/}}
]]pkwaf yawmifh xbD? tpyfu wpf&m? tzmu Am&ysp?f pum;ydk'f(5) a&onfru a&onfa,mufsm;udk ar;jref;pl;prf;onfhpum;yg/
arSmifusatmifnpfygwhJ yqpftrd fuko d ;kH vGe;f vdrf cg;wifx;kd vd?Yk txufu a&onf a,musfm;ESifh a&onfrdef;rwdkY awGU BuHK&m.....
a&td;k udk ½Gu?f rl&mawmf EJUG aESmif;ESi?hf a&csKad &mif;xGuaf wmhr,f/ rdef;ru qdk&ef/
ud;k rsupf kH rSe0f ikd ;f v,fu? a&onfukd aerjrif&h atmif? td;k yifah wmf ]]0g;uJG xrf;ydk;? qdkif;aygifusKd;ESifh ykqdk;npfaw? aoQmifxef;aphrIwf?
rlvu kd pf rf; armifBu;D ½Si}hf } acgif;arT;pkwfwJh? usKyfzati,f/ / a&udka&mif;pm; armifhpGrf;tm;ESifh
pD;yGm;wpfESpf? b,hfavmufrsm;? jzpfygwHk;/}}
]]ppfppfaygufayguf? 0rf;a&;avmufí? pm;aomufonfhjyif? vufuyf
pum;pyftcsuf- ( udk,fwdkif avhusifhvdkufygOd; ) ajcuyf? ydkrdkjrwfvdkY tzwfwif? tdrfwGif xkyf&? usKyfarmifvSrSm? aiGp
b,favmufrsm;ovJ}}
( ajymqdkyHkudkvJ wpfqufwpfpyfwnf; avhvmyg/ ) ]]cg;0wfvJrSm? rvJGpifppf? rsufjrifjzpfí? rppfombl;? AmvcsmcRwfNcHK?
]]aMomf... awmifa&muf? ajrmufa&muf BuHum t"dyÜm,fr½dS zGm;zufawmfrS? ray:½Hk? vHkatmif tEdkif zHk;&w,f/}}
a&mufwwf &m&m awG;awmaerdonf/ b0qif;&JyrkH sm;udk tpcsD ]]pm;zG,faomufcif;? b,fxrif;ESifh? b,f[if;csOfcsKd? b,hfES,frsm;
rsKd&wHk;? ESrvdkpdwfupJGvdkY? jzpfeJudk jyefprf;ygh armifBuD;&,f/}}
taMumif;pyfoG,fum rnfodkYyif nnf;ñLaomfvnf; 0rf;a&;
twGuf tqifajyvmrnf r[kwaf cs/a&a&mif;tvkyu f kd tav;xm; ay;xm;aom pmydk'fonf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf
um vkyfaqmifrS ajymif;qefudk &½dSEdkifygrnf/ (xdkYaMumifh) tcef;(4)]]a&onf a,mufsm;ESifh a&onfrdef;rwdkY awGUqHk
tvGepf w k cf smaom? tpyfwpf&mcef½Y aSd om? tzmtax;wdYk a&maxG;
pum;qdck ef;}}rS jzpfonf/
pkcJ ½Iyaf yGum rJarSmifusatmif npfxyfonfh aMu;uGuw f aYkd Mumifh
Am&mPoDNrKd U awmifrsuEf mS vrf;ckvwf wpfae&mü
yqpf t d r f u G u f u J h o d k Y jzpf a eaom xbD u d k cg;wG i f
a&a&mif; xGuv f m&if; ESpOf ;D awGUqo
kH nfh eHeufyikd ;f wGif jzpfonf/
uspv f rd uf mcdik Nf raJ tmif 0wfvu dk &f ygonf/ xdaYk emuf a&td;k udk a&onfru a&onfa,mufsm;udk pHpk rf;ar;jref;onfh
½G u f u m EG J U a ES m if ; vS y onf h [ef y ef r l t &m
&mjzif h a&a&mif ;
pum;jzpfygonf/ 0rf;ausmif;tvkyf wlocl si;f pdw0f if;pm;um
xGuyf gawmhrnf/}} taMumif;pHk odvdk ojzifh ar;jref;jcif;jzpfygonf/
( udk;yg;aom ausmufrsuf&wem pHkvifpGm pDjc,fxm;onfh rSefpDa½Tcs a&onfrar;jref;ajymqdyk rkH mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf/
qdkif;0dkif; ]]uGaJ eaom 0g;xrf;yd;k jzifh aygiu f sK;d aeaom qdik ;f udk
tv,f½dS qdkif;q&mBuD;u uRefra&onf aerjrifh? tcsdef rvifh &atmif xrf;vsuf npf a yonf h yk q d k ; ud k 0 wf u m ? xef ; aph r I w f c ef Y
tdk;yifhwD;vHk;av; wD;cwfay;yg armifBuD;½Sifh/)
aoQmifx;kH ESihf qHyif pkwzf mG ;jzpfaeaom armifBu;D ½Si}hf (tmvky)f )/
Q
]]a&udka&mif;um 0rf;ausmif;&onfh armifBuD;\ pGrf;tm;jzifh ]]ukeo f , G pf ;D yGm;rI a&a&mif;tvkyjf zifh 0rf;ausmif;ol
pD;yGm;½Sm&onfrSm wpfESpfvQif b,favmufrsm; pkaqmif; uREyfk of nf vlaumif;vlreG w f pfO;D jzpfygonf/ vuf½;kH tpGr;f jzifh
rdygoenf;}} ]]ppfppfppD D acRacRwmwmjzifh 0rf;a&;vHak vmuf ½ke;f uef BuKd ;pm;½SmazG cJo h jl zpfygonf/ &onfh 0ifaiGjzifh 0atmifpm;
rQwatmif pm;aomuf&yg&Jhvm;/ xdkodkY avmufionfhtjyif &ygonf/ cg;wGif 0wfxm;aom t0wftpm;tjyif vufxw J iG f
armifBu;D \ vufxw J iG f tydt k jrwfaiG rnfrQ useyf goenf;/}} vnf; tydt k om;wiftjrwfaiG use½f ySd gao;onf/}}
]]xdktom;wifusefaiG rsm;pGmwdkYudk tdrfwGif rnfodkY rnfrQ ]]xkrd sm;jym;vSaom aiGukd tdrw f iG f oHaowåmwGi;f ü
odr;f qnf;xm;&ygoenf;/}} ]]armifBu;D \ cg;wGi0f wfaomykq;kd rSm vHkNcHKpGm odrf;qnf;xm;ygonf/ aiGom;yrmPrSm av;a½G;
tjriftwdik ;f jzpfí txl; ar;jref; pHpk rf;&ef r½Sad wmhyg/ ½do jzpfygonf/ þ"eOpömypön;f aiG av;a½G;yrmPudk xde;f odr;f
S rQ
cRwNf cKH us pkwzf mG aeaom cg;0wfyq k ;kd jzifh t½Suv ae&ojzifh pdwcf svufcs tdypf ufíyifr&cJyh g/ ntcgü olc;kd rsm;
f akH tmif tEdik Ef ikd f
zH;k tkyf 0wfqif& onfh tajctaeudk awGUjrif&Ny;D jzpfygonf/}} aomif;use;f vGe;f ojzifh ud, k w f ikd f uif;vSnahf pmif&h onfh nwmrsm;
]]pm;aomufa&;tajcwGif rnfoaYkd om xrif;? rnfoaYkd om rsm;vGe;f vSygNy/D }}
csKcd sOf &omwdjYk zifh rnforYkd nfykH pm;aomuf&ygoenf;/ uRerf udk ]]nreufpm pm;&onfh tajcrSm jrufo;D rsm; a&maESm
armifBu;D \ ESri,fuo hJ Ykd pdwwf iG rf w
S , f &l if;ES;D um jzpfaMumif;pHk
aeaom rk&if; qeftq kd efa[mif; xrif;jzpfygonf/ xdx k rif;rsK;d udk
wdu Yk kd ajymjyprf;yg armifBu;D &,f/}} armifBuD;b0ü tvGef wefzdk;xm;&onfh tzdk;wef &wem
csOaf ygi[f if;ESihf pm;&ygonf/ csOaf ygi[ f if;rSmvnf; ig;ydryg ?
pum;ydk'f(6) a&onfa,mufsm;u taMumif;pHk jyefajymwJhpum;/ qDuif;rJh onfh [if;vsmwd\ Yk tBu;D trSL;[k qd&k rnfh a&vkjH yKwf
a&onfa,mufsm;qdk/ / ]]qHxHk;awmfBuD;? wrmoD;ESifh? cg;pnf;0wfvJ? rQom jzpfygonf/ pm;aomufonft h cg csOaf ygi&f nfukd tmacgif
csKyfpNyJudk? wJtyfESifhwG,f? vljriforQ? pdwfysufatmif vSygwJh- ra&onf}}
]]ukefoG,fa&a&mif;? pD;yGm;aMumif;ESifh? vlaumif;udk,fharmif? ½Hk;^½kef;vS
wGif qGwfvsuf 0rf;wGif;odkY rk&if;xrif; 0ifa&mufapatmif
aqmif? 0tmifpm;í? cg;0wfwJhjyif? vufuyf ajcuyf? ydkrdkjrwfvdkY? vnfacsmif;pif;um tm;pdu k rf sKcd s pm;aomuf&ygonf/ cg;0wfrmS
tzwfwif? tdrfwGitrsm; ftrsm;?
t rsm; oHaowåmESifh? vHkpGmxm;? aiGom;av;a½G; jrifonft h wdik ;f yif jzpfygonf/ þodv Yk Qiyf pön;f Opöm"e jynfph <kH u,f
½Sdygw,f/}} ]]onfypönf;awG? av;a½G;aiGaMumifh pdwfaovufcs? 0vSNy;D redru hf saom uREyfk u f kd vlqif;&JwpfO;D tjzpf rxifrw S f
rtdyf&Edkifbl;? nrInvl? olcdk;rsm; ylvGef;vdkY? udk,fxl udk,fx? vduk yf gEiS hf trdi,f/}}
uif;0wfvSnfhíapmifhcJh&? umvrenf; MumygNyD/}}]]npmeHeufpm;&&uf
rSmawmh? jrufo;D a&m&m? rk&if;qdw
k hJ qeftw kd mud?k &wemcsOaf ygi?f iydtvQi;f ? pum;yd'k (f 7) olb
Y 0rSmvnf; rjynfph o
kH nfb
h 0 jzpfaMumif; ½Si;f jywJh
qDrqif;wJh [if;rsm;aemifESifh? tmacgifudkqGwf? r0ifrcsif;? vnfacsmif;udk pum;yg/
pif;NyD;vQif? twif;om oGwf&w,f/ cg;0wfvJrSm? rsufjrifygyJ? OpömjynfhpHk?
"e*kPfESifh? uHkvHkbdjcif;? rodrfzsif;ygbl;? vlqif;&J rrSwfygESifh trdi,f/}} a&onfrdef;rqdk/ / ]]aiGav;a½G;ESifh? aX;atmif<u,f0? OpömaygwJh
aZmwdui,f/ ESrrSmvJ? onfvdkyJ? ajrxJodkY`rSKyf? udk,hfoabmus
ay;xm;onfh pmydk'fonf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf cifyGef;rsm;&cJhvQif? olaX;r vkyfr,fvdkY? aiGxkyfBuD;rm;? vlrodatmif
tcef ; (4)]]a&onf a ,muf s m;ES i f h a&onf r d e f ; rwd k Y awG U q H k zHk;zdvdkYxm;&w,f/ pD;yGm;aqmufOD? uHcsif;yJ eD;a&mxifh? armifBuD;ESifh
pum;qdck ef;}}rS jzpfonf/ wl&mrSm? aiGjzLav;a½G; ½Sdygw,f/ onfaiGav;a½G;? Opöm0ef av;vGef;vdkY?
Am&mPoDNrKd U awmifrsuEf mS vrf;ckvwf wpfae&mü ta&;rawmf? ckd;olvk,uf? rif;ESdyfpufí? zsufcJhaomf? ulazmfavmifzuf?
jzpfonf/ESpfOD;awGUqHk pum;qdkcdkufwGif a&onfa,mufsm;u r½SdvQif cufwmrdkY? ESpfoufavmufol? pnf;pdrfBuD;udk? xD;vdktkyfí?
a&onfr tar;udk jyefvnf ajzMum;aompum;jzpfygonf/ csKyfr,fholudk? wpfqla,mufsm;? ZrÁLrSm ½Sm;vGef;vdkY? vifom;r,l?
tysKdBuD;vkyfí?½GuftkyfoD;yl&w,f/ uHwlwJh r,fhocif? b,fcgrS
tvkyt f udik t
f ajctaerStp taMumif;pHu k kd ar;jref; pk½Hk;vddkY? a½Tykef;&nfcsOfr,fod? xif&r®ufu,fESifh? apmifhvsufom
vmojzifh jyefvnf ajzMum;&jcif;jzpfonf/ ae&ygawmhw,f? usKyfarmifi,f/}}
ajzMum;ajymqdyk rkH mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf/
]]wrmoD;wrQ t½G,yf rmP Bu;D rm;vSonfh qHx;kH pum;ajy / / ]]aiGom;av;a½G;ydifk íf olaX;jzpfavmufatmif
awmfBuD; xHk;um? csKyf½dk;jyKwfaeNyJaeonfrsm;udk wJtyfESifh <u,f0ol? Opömpnf;pdrfaygrsm;ojzifh aZmwdu olaX;i,f[k
wG,x f m;&aom cg;pnf;vHck snu f kd qifxm;ol? awGUojl rifowl ikd ;f ac:wiG &f avmufol armifBu;D ½Si/f ESrav;wGiv f nf; armifBu;D enf;
pdwyf suof mG ;&avmufonfh tvSyikd ½f iS f ra&onf/ }}(tmvky)f wlyif jzpfygonf/ ajrxJojYkd rK§ yx
f m;um? ESrav; ESpo
f uf oabm
usonfh cifyeG ;f rsK;d &onft h cgrS az:,íl olaX;r tjzpf cH,&l rnfh pum;ydk'f(8)a&onfrdef;r&JU zGifh[csuft& b0wlcsif;jzpfaMumif; od&wJhtcg
BuD;rm;vSonfh aiGxkyfBuD;½dSygonf/ vlolrod ap&ef zHk;zd toGifwlESpfOD;aygif;zufMuzdkY a&onfa,mufsm;u cspfa&;qdkwJh pum;yg/
odr;f qnf; xm;&jcif; jzpfygonf/}} a&onfa,mufsm;qdk/ / ]]oHk;pGJrukef? awmifES,fyHkwJh? aiGrIefav;a½G;?
Ncdrfhatmif <u,fwJh r,folaX;i,f/ / a½G;vGef;vQifr&? ao;vGef;vQif
]]armifBu;D ESihf ESrav;wkrYd mS pD;yGm;Opöm"ecsif csif;? uHtusK;d
rvSwJh? a½S;uyHkxm;? vlxJrSmae? vlYjzpfaxGudk? tausom;ESifh?
ay;yHcsif
kcsif; eD;pyfaeonfvm; xifrw S rf o
d nf/ taMumif;rSm armifBu;D ZmwfoGm;½Snfatmif?ta&;aqmifvdkY? auGUacsmifa00kpf? abmufp&mhvkyf&wHk;/}}
uJo h yYkd if ydik q f ikd af iGyrmPcsi;f wlnpD mG pifMu,faom aiGav;a½G; ]]aiGxkyfcsif;wl? vl½G,fcsif; rQ? tvScsif;ewfzuf? wdkif;í &ufwJh yuúvm?
½daS eygonf/ xdak iGav;a½G; wnf;[laom Opömypön;f udk xde;f odr;f rdk;½GmonfESifh tcefYoifh? tcGifhqDqdkif? twdkiftvSnfh? tpyfjzifh wnfhvSaygh/
apmifah ½Smuf&onfh wm0efrmS vnf; Bu;D av;vSygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh *sifyJhcsif; aygufMupdkY? aemufrqkwfwef;? onf,aeYwGifjzifh?
bDvl;awGUvuf&odrf;vdkY? tpddrf;zrf; zrf;awmhr,f/ ywfMurf;wD;?
ta&;udpö ay:ayguu f m cd;k olv, k ufjcif; ?rif;ESyd pf ufjcif; paom
yJGNyD;apMupdkYiJhavtrd&,f/}}
tzsuw f EYkd iS hf BuKH cyhJ gvQif ulnrD nfo h rl ½díS tcufBuKH ae& ygonf/
}} pum;ajy / / ]]oH k ; pG J r uk e f E d k i f a tmif ? awmif u J h o d k Y
]]xd k Y j yif ES p f o uf a vmuf o nf h t&nf t csif ; ol ? yHkxm;&avmufaom yrmPav;a½G;aiGjzifh ausmfMum;xif½Sm;
Opömypön;f pnf;pdrw f uYkd kd xD;uJhodkY tkyrf ;kd umuG,f apmifah ½Smuf <u,f0vSonfh olaX;ri,f}}/ ]]avmuü a½G;vGe;f vQirf &wwf?
ay;Edkifrnfhol? wpfa,mufrQaom cifyGef;a,mufsm;rsKd;rSmvnf; ao;vGe;f vQif rvSwwf [lonfh a½S;vlBu;D olrwd\ Yk qdpk um;
þavmuwGif ½Sm;yg; vGe;f vSygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh vifom;r,lb?J ½d S y gonf / þoabmud k vl Y a vmuü taeMumcJ h o l w d k i f ;
tysK d B uD ; b0jzif h vl r od o l r od Bud w f í om yl y ef a omu vlt Y jzpfoepfwu Ykd kd ausnufNy;D om; jzpfMuygonf/ odyYk gvsuEf iS hf
jzpfae&ygonf/}} tcsdefMuefYMum ZmwfoGm;½Snfvsm;atmif auGUum 0dkufum
]]uHtusKd;ay; wlnDrnfh cifyGef;rsKd;udk b,ftcg ta&;qdík pum;y&d,m,fjzifh tb,fah Mumifh ajymqdak e&ygoenf;/
b,fumvrsKd;ü qHkpnf; BuHKawGU &ygrnfvJ[k awG;awm }}
odvdkrdonf/ ESyfxm;aom ykef;&nf csOfvmr,fhaeY&ufud k ]]ESrav;ESifh armifBuD;wdkYrSm aiGxkyfyrmPcsif;
apmifharQmf&olvkd arQmv f ifh awmihw f pdwjf zifh apmifph m;vsuo f m vnf;wln?D touft½G,cf si;f vnf; nDrQ? ½ky&f nftvScsi;f rSmvnf;
ae&ygonf ESr\ armifi,f/}} ewf w d k Y pH k z uf a y;onf h t vm; vd k u f z uf n D aeygNyD /
wdkif;wmwGufqí &ufvkyfxm;aom yuúvmcarmuf½Snfudk
pum;pyftcsufudkawmh atmufrSm ajzjyxm;ygw,f/ rd;k usonfEiS hf tcefo Y ifh tqifajy oH;k pGEJ ikd o f nft
h vm; tcgtcGihf
ay;xm;aompum;yd'k o f nf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf tqifajy nDñw G af eygonf/ tvSp;D vSn;f ,OfomwGif twdik Ef mG ;ESihf
tcef;(4)?]]a&onfa,mufsm;ESifh a&onfrdef;rwdkY awGUqHkpum; tvSnfhEGm; tay;t,l em;vnfnDrQouJhodkY aygif;zuf&rnfh
qdck ef;}}rS xkwEf w k cf sujf zpfygonf/ tajctae tvm;tvmrsm; vdu k zf ufnrD Q aeygNy/D xdaYk Mumifh
Am&mPoDNrKd U awmifrsuEf mS vrf;ckvwf wpfae&mü b0tajctae csKUdwo hJ cl si;f ? rjynfph o
kH l b0wlcsi;f aygi;f zufMuygp/Ykd
a&a&mif;&if; ESpOf ;D awGUqkH pum;qdck u kd w
f iG f a&onfru a&onf }}
a,mufsm;udk ajymaompum;jzpfygonf/ ]],aeY,ckrmS yif pd;k ½GUaH emufweG rYf aebJ aygi;f zufMuygp/Ykd
rd r d o nf v nf ; a&onf a ,muf s m;enf ; wl b0uH bDvrl sm; om;aumifukd rvGww f rf; odr;f ydu k of uJoh Ykd tcsed rf qGb
J J
wdkufqdkif wlnDaeaMumif; odapvdkí (a&vmajrmif;ay;)pum;
ES L ;ES y f r aebJ NyD ; pD ; atmif j rif a tmif pD r H v d k u f M uygpd k Y /
ajymjcif;jzpfygonf/
ajymqdyk rkH mS þodYk jzpfygonf/ oGuv f ufvsijf refpmG aqmif½u G vf suf vufxyfaygi;f oif;a&;udpö
Ny;D pD;MuygpUkd trdi,f/}}
( ajymqdkyHkpum;ajyudk ar;cGef;rSm ay;xm;oavmuf ajyjypfatmif pum;ydk'f (8)twGuf pum;pyfudkawmh 'Dvdk avhusifhyg/
a&;ajzyg ) ay;xm;aom pum;yd'k o f nf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf
tcef;(4)]]a&onfa,mufsm;ESifh a&onfrdef;rwdkY awGYqHkpum;
qdck ef;}}rS xkwEf w
k cf sujf zpfygonf/

Q
Am&mPoDNrKd Y awmifrsuEf mS vrf;ckvwf wpfae&mwGif eef;odrf;yGJobifudk crf;em;pGm qif,if usif;yrnf jzpfonf/
a&a&mif;xGufvm&if; ESpfOD;qHkawGU pum;vufqHkuspOftcgü xdyk v
JG rf; obifü yef;refeo YH mrsm; vdr;f usq H if,ifNy;D Muif&m
a&onfa,mufsm;u a&onfrdef;rudk cspfa&;qdkonfh pum; armifEpHS kH wl,OS w f uJG m ETv J v kd yS gonf/ rkeyYf J oa&pm 0,fpm;
jzpfygonf/ aysm½f iT vf v
kd yS gonf/ xdok Ykd oH;k pJEG ikd &f ef yJ0uftojym aiGav;a½G;udk
csKUd wo
hJ l b0wlcsi;f vdu
k zf ufnrD Qojzifh vufxyfaygi;f tvsit f jrefomG ;,lygacs armifBu;D &,f/}}
oif;cspBf uKd uaf &;pum; ajymjcif;jzpfygonf/ pum;pyfudkawmh atmufrSm avhvmyg/
ajymqdyk rkH mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf/ ay;xm;aompum;ydk'fonf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf
( ajymqdkyHkudk ar;cGef;rSm ay;oavmufyJ pum;ajyjypfatmif a&;ay;yg) tcef;(4)?]]a&onfa,mufsm;ESifha&onfrdef;rwdkY awGUqHkpum;
qdck ef;}}rS xkwEf w k cf suf jzpfygonf/
pum;ydk'f(9) trsm;av;pm;&efpDrHoifhaMumif; jyefajymwJhpum;yg/ Am&mPoDNrdKU awmifrsufESm vrf;ckvwf wpfae&mü
a&onfrdef;rqdk/ / ]]rBu;D oufv, S ?f rsux
f m;csKw
d ?hJ udak &onfi,f/ a&a&mif ; &if ; ES p f O D ; awG U cd k u f ? pum;vuf q H k u sum
cspfw,f BudKufw,f? twif;tusyf? aemufydk;xyfvdkY? awmufwJhuyf cspf a &;qd k c H & pOf w G i f a&onf r u a&onf a ,muf s m;ud k
wG,favonf/ b,fES,fhwHk;? ckwifck? t&yfrI aqmfovdk? awmf½Hkyif ajymaompum;jzpfygonf/
aomhyga&mh/ ayghayghwefwef? [if;½GufuefpGef;?oa&EGrf;atmif? tdraf xmifa&;udpu ö kd trsm;av;pm; todtrSwjf yKatmif
w&wGef;BuHw,fvdkY? [efyef &Edkifyghrvm;/}} pDrHapvdkojzifh ajymjcif;jzpfygonf/
]]wpfeyfpm;rBuH? wu,fwef;rSefygvQif? p&Hcef;0if? aowåmESifh ajymqdyk rkH mS atmufyg twkid ;f jzpfygonf/
tav;? aiGav;a½G;udk? BudKufaMu;wifrS? tMuifvifr,m;? vlESifh wlvdkY? (ar;cG e f ; rS m ar;oavmuf u d k y J ajzyg )
vlcefYnm;awmhry/ aiGom;vdkY,l? aiGjrifvQif? vifvkyfrnf? t[kwfy
[vl&,f/ ZrÁLvHk;ewf? wdkYrif;jrwf rSmvJ? jymom'f bHkysH? eef;odrf;yJG
cHrwJh? yef;refeHYom? vdrf;usHumESifh? Muif&mruJG? tcsKd0,fvdkY? yJGv,frSm pum;yd'k (f 10) a&onfrESihf vufxyfaygi;f oif;a&;udpt
ö wGuf p&Hcef;0ifaiG
wJ&atmif? yJ0ufojym? av;a½G;[mudk? jrefpGmom ,lacsawmh oGm;,lonfh vrf;c&D;ü tm;&0rf;ompdwfeJY ajymMum;jcif;yg/
armifBuD;&,f/}}
a&onfa,musfm;qdk/ /]][Jh-bBuD;om;? wpfcgrsm;jzifh? odMum;apmifr?
pum;ajy / / ]]uRerf toufukd ay;vS,íf cspcf iftm;xm; r,m;vnf; &ayNyD/ vlwumhenf;? Muif&mewfzuf? armifBuD;oufudk?
&ygaom rsuEf mS xm;csKo d mvSyaom udak &onf/}} vufcsif; wJGvdkY? rif;yJGobif? rkefYyJpm;í? tcJom;0if&atmif..^âiGpifyJ0uf?
]]cspfygonf BudKufygonf[lí tm;pdkufcGefpdkuf aemufydk;vdkuf roHk;&ufwJh? te*¾&wem? ajrmufNrKdU½dk;Mum;? ig0SufvdkY xm;cJhwJh? aMu;rsm;
ajymqdak eonfrmS awmufwhJ uyfouJo h Ykd rcGmwrf; jzpfaeygonf/ pGmudk? rMumcsufcsif;? rD;ESifhtwl? usKdufusKdufqlwJh? oJylwGif;rSm? odkif;eif;
tb,fah Mumifh csucf si;f vufiif;? rMucP ajymqdak e&ygoenf;/ uG u f u s? a&onf r vl ? Muif o nf ; tl ? aiG p ,l < uawmh r nf /
}}^^]]aAvk0apmif;? ig;uGif;OaoQmif? ewfrif;aqmifwJh? oef;acgif armif;rSm?
&yfa½G; ½Gma&; aqmfMo aeonfEiS hf wlvyS gonf/ awmf½o kH if½h o
kH m ckepfacsmif;ñSdKU? qdkif&mwdkYNyD;vQif? acsmydkYawmfrlvdkufprf;?udk;½Gmpm;/}}
wdkufwGef;ajymqdkyg/^^ uRefrudk ayghayghwefwefjzifh [if;½Guf
uefpeG ;f tvm; *kPo f a&ñd;I EGr;f atmif twif;tMurf; tquf pum;ajy / / ]][Jh - bBu;D om;ayyJ / ,cktcgwiG f odMum;
rjywf BupH nfajymqd&k ef roifyh g/ *kPo f u d m© ½dES ikd rf nf r[kwyf g/}} rif;\ apmifah ½SmufraI Mumifh ZeD;r,m;&cJyh gNy/D trsm;enf;wl b0rsK;d
jzpfygNyD/ ewfwdkYpHkzufí ydkifqdkifcGifh&aom Muif & m ? armifBuD;
]]wpfBurd wf pfcg tusK;d cHpm;&½Hk BupH nfjcif;r[kwb f ?J
toufyrm Muifem&olukd vufcsi;f wGu J m rif;Bu;D \ bdou d yf JG
ESrav;tay: ppfreS af om arwåm trSew f u,f xm;onfqykd gvQif obifoYkd 0ifygrnf/ rkecYf sKcd sOf &omrsm; twlpm;oH;k í tcHo h m;
p&efcef;0if ypönf;tjzpf aowåmESifh odrf;xm;onf qdkaom vnf&ygawmhrnf/ xdkYaMumifhroHk;&uf? rpm;&uf pkaqmif;í
aiGav;a½G;udk BudKufaMu;xm;um wifoifhygonf/^^ odkYrSom ajrmuf N rd K U ½ d k ; Mum; 0S u f o d r f ; xm;&aom twd k i f ; rod tzd k ;
tMuifvifr,m;ESifh wlum vltrsm;u ½dkaoav;pm;rnf rjzwfEikd o
f nfh oefpY ifvo S nfh aiGav;a½G;udk ,ckcsucf si;f oGm;,l
jzpfygonf/ aiGomG ;í,lyg/ p&efcef;0ifaiG wifNy;D ygu cifyeG ;f tjzpf ygawmhrnf/}}
vufcyH grnf/ þoabmwlncD surf mS t[kwt f rSef jzpfygonf/ ]]rD;wrQ tyl? usKdufusKdufjrnfatmif
,ktcg ZrÁL'Dyg uRe;f vH;k \ tm;xm;&m bk&if rif;jrwfBu;D onf qlaeaom oJajrylay:ü ylavmifvSonf[k oabmrxm;bJ
jymom'f bHkysH tqifhqifhjrifhrm;vSaom eef;awmf xuf0,f csuf u svuf u s od k i f ; orm; ajcusrsKd ; jzif h oG u f v uf p G m

vSr;f <uayawmhrnf/ þodv Yk Qif a&onfr\ Muifem&oluREyfk f tvG e f q if ; &J rG J a wonf u d k omref r Q rqd k b J
aiGp,latmif oGm;ygawmhrnf/}} ]]jymawmifBu;D aygu}f } (awmifBu;D ayguaf tmif rJjG ymusaeonf)[k
]]xdkYaMumifh OaoQmifig;uGif;½dS rudk#fudk aqmif;&ol tvGet f MuL; qdx k m;ojzifh twdo,0kw.då ........./
yOöocD ewfom;u 4if;\vufpJG aAvk0apmif;jzifh oef;acgi, f tH cg
4/ a½Tcsovd(k Oyrm )
ncsrf;ü om,mpGm wD;cwfonfhES,f ñdIUBudK; ckepfBudK;wdkYudk
qdkif&mqdkif&m wD;cwfom,mapí toGm;c&D; ydkYaqmifprf;yg þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif uHtcGihf csr;f om
ud;k ½Gmpm; qdik ;f q&mBu;D /}} vmrnfukd arQmv f ift h m;wif;ol a&onfa,musmf ;\ pum;tjzpf
pum;pyfudk ckvdk avhvmyg/ oH;k xm;ygonf/
ay;xm;aom pum;yd'k o f nf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf xl;uJ xif½mS ;pGm wd;k wufajymif;vJomG ;yHk *kP&f nfwl
]]a&onf a ,muf s m; aiG a v;a½G ; oG m ;,l c ef ; }}}}rS
tcef; (4)]]a&onf tjzpf a&onfa,mufsm;(tEdiI ;f cH)udk a½Tcsxm;onft h &m(tEdiI ;f )ESihf
xkwEf w k cf suf jzpfygonf/ cdkif;EdIif;..../
Am&mPoDNrKd U c&D;vrf;wpfae&mü jzpfonf/ ajrmufNrKUd½;kd 5/ Muufuef;cGyv f Ukd yGu
J Rwaf tmifEikd (f 0uF0w
k då )
odYk aiGav;a½G; oGm;,lpOf a&onfa,mufsm;u rdrw d pfu,
kd w
f nf; þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif uHtcGihf csr;f om
ajymqdo k nfph um; jzpfygonf/ vmrnfukd arQmv f ift h m;wif;ol a&onfa,musmf ;\ pum;tjzpf
a&onfrESihf vufxyfaygi;f oif;&awmhrnf jzpfí tm;& oH;k xm;ygonf/
0rf;ompdwjf zifh ajymjcif;jzpfygonf/
csKdUwJhonfh b0onfyif tcGifhaumif; wdkufqdkifygu
a&onfa,mufsm; ajymqdyk rkH mS þodYk jzpfygonf/
( ½S i f ; jyyH k pum;ajyud k ar;cG e f ; rS m ygoavmuf t wG u f y J ajzay;yg/ )
wk;d wuf csr;f omOD;rnf[k wdu k ½f u
kd f rqdbk J ]Muufuef;cGyv f Ykd
yJGuRwfatmifEdkif (rsufuef;Muufyif wpfyJGwnf; cGyfvsuf
tEdik &f OD;rnf)} [k........../
tvuFm tajzrsm;( tcef; wpf rS av; txd ) tcef ; (2) ]a&onf r d e f ; r pum;qd k c ef ; }rS tvuF m rsm;
tcef;(1) ]a&onfa,mufsm; pum;qdkcef;}rS tvuFmrsm;
6/ uHrsupf v d nf( 0uF0w k åd )
1/ qefwiG ;f u eufveG ;f vd(Yk 0uF0w k åd ) þtvuF m ud k ]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f b0qif ; &J
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif 0rf;a&;csKd wyhJ u kH kd edrfhusvSaMumif; nnf;ñlajymqdkol a&onfr\pum;tjzpf
nnf;ñlajymqdo k l a&onfa,musmf ;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ oH;k xm;ygonf/
]0rf;a&;ucufcJvGef;vSojzifh}[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ aumif;aom tcGiu hf tH vSnu hf kd BuKH qckH zhJ ;l jcif;h rsKd ;r½Syd g[k
]qefwGif;u eufvGef;vdkU}[k oG,f0dkufa&;zJGUxm;aomaMumifh wdu k ½f ukd rf qdb
k J ]uHrsupf vd nff (aumif;aom uHtvSno hf nf rdrx d H
0uF0w k t
då vuFm ajrmufygonf/ vrf;rSm;a&mufvm)onf}yif r½Syd g[k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm;........./
2/ zGwrf if;aemif( 0uF0w k då ) 7/ vnfacsmif;udk ajrvSe(f twdo, )
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif b0qif;&JvS þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif tpm;qif;&Jonfh
aMumif; nnf;ñl ajymqdkol a&onfa,musfm;\ pum;tjzpf tajcudk nnf;ñl ajymqdo k l a&onfr\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;
oH;k xm;ygonf/ ygonf/
]tvGeq f if;&J rJaG wol}[kk wduk ½f u
kd rf qdb
k J ]zGwrf if; Murf;wrf;vSonfh tpmaMumihf rsKdcspm;aomuf&mü
aemif (zGwrf if;uyif aemifawmft&m xm;&avmufatmif rJo G )l }[k cufcv J o S nfukd omrefrQ rqdb k J ]vnfacsmif;om;udk ajrvSeyf pf
......./ vdu k of vdk BuKH &onf}[k tvGet f MuL;qdxk m;ojzifh ........./
3/ jymawmifBu;D aygu(f twdo,0kwåd ) 8/ *vHq k ef( jrnfopH GJ )
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif b0 qif;&JaMumif; þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif tpm;qif;&JvS
nnf ; ñl ajymqd k o l a&onf a ,musf m ;\ pum;tjzpf onft h ajcudk nnf;ñlajymqdo k l a&onfr\ pum;tjzpf ..../
oH;k xm;ygonf/ Murf;wrf;vSonfh tpm;tpm 0rf;wGi;f odYk usqif;oGm;
Q
onft h cg xGuaf y:vmzG,½f adS omjrnfoH ]]*vH}k }udk ..../ 15/ nvl( 0uF0w k åd )
9/ aumvdu k w f u hJ (H 0uF0w k då ) ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rdrdydkifaiGav;a½G;yrmPudk
þtvuFmudk a&onfjyZmwfwGif b0qif;&Jedrfhus oa&mfajymqdo k l a&onfa,mufsm;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
vSaMumif; nnf;ñl ajymqdo k l a&onfr\ pum;tjzpf......../ ntcg cd;k qd;k vk,uf usupf m;wwfonfh vlq;kd olc;kd [k
tusK;d ay;enf; edru hf s EkzH si;f vSaomuH[k wdu k ½f u kd f wdu
k ½f u
kd rf qdb k J ]nvl}[k oG,0f u kd zf UGJ qkd xm;aomaMumifh ......./
rqdb k J ]aumvdu k w f uhJ }H [k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm;ojzifh ........../ 16/ &wemcsOaf ygi(f ½Iyu ) ( tEIdif;cHyk'fu aemufrSm / *½kjyKyg )
10/ ZmwmxGe;f ay:( 0uF0w k åd ) þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif csOaf ygi[ f if;udo
k m
]....}wGif 0rf;a&; jznfhqnf; ay;Edkifrnfh tdrfaxmif pm;aomuf&aMumif;ajymol a&onfa,musmf ;\ pum;tjzpf......../
zufEiS hf BuKH &rnfh tcgtcGiu hf kd arQmv f ifh tm;wif;ol a&onfr\ wefz;kd xm;ESpo f ufz, G jf zpfykH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf &wem
pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ tEdIif;)ESihf csOaf ygi[
(tEd tEdIif;ccH)wdu
f if;(tEd Yk kd tEdiI ;f xyfwl jyKxm;......../
uHtusKd;ay; aumif;vmvQif [k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ 17/ Opöm0ef( ½lyu )( wPSm0ef^wPSmcsKH^wm0ef0g;jcrf; wdkYESifh ,SOf )
]ZmwmxGe;f ay: }[k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm;ojzifh 0uF0w k .åd ......./ ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rdryd ikd f Opöm"ewdUk ukd xde;f odr;f ay;
11/ rk&if;armifarmif OD;csOaf ygi(f 0uF0w k åd ) rnfo
h l r½Sad Mumif; zGi[ hf ol a&onfr\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif 0rf;a&; jznfq h nf; ay;Edik rf nfh Opöm"eaiG(tEdIif;cH)ESifh 0efxkyf0efydk;(tEIdif;)wdkYudk
tdraf xmifzufukd arQmv f ifh tm;wif;ol a&onfr\ ....../ xde;f odr;f &olü zdp;D av;vHrI jzpfapyHk *kP&f nfwt l jzpf xyfwjl yK
rk&if;xrif; csOfaygif[if; auR;Edkifrnfh cspfolarmif xm;ojzifh ½lyutvuFm ajrmufygonf/
a,mufsm;om;[k wdu k ½f ukd f rqdb k J ]rk&if;armifarmif OD;csOaf ygi}f ( yk'f&if;- onfaiGav;a½G;? Opöm0efav;vGef;vdkY? ta&;rawmf? cdk;olvk....)
[k............/ 18/ xD;vdktkyf( Oyrm )
12/ yqpftrd (f 0uF0w k åd ) ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGifrdrdydkif Opöm"ewdkUudk xdef;odrf;
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif t0wfqif;&J ay;Edik o f l rJah eaMumif; zGi[ hf ol a&onfr\ pum;tjzpf ........../
vSaMumif;nnf;ñl ajymqdo k l a&onfr\pum;tjzpf......../ vifom;cifyeG ;f (tEdiI ;f cH)udk xD;(tEIid ;f )ESihf tumtuG,f
tzmtpyf tuGuf tay xlxyfvSonfh xbD [k vHkNcHKrI ay;EdkifyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf cdkif;EdIif;xm;aomaMumifh
wdu
k ½f ukd f rqdb k J ]yqpftrd }f [k oG,0f u kd zf UGJ qxkd m;aomaMumifh OyrmtvuFm ajrmufygonf/
0uF0w k t då vuFmajrmufygonf/ 19/ ½Gut f yk of ;D yl( 0uF0w k då )
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif b0Muifazmf r½Sdao;í ylyef
tcef ; ( 4 ) usm;ES i f h r awG U q H k ? tjyef t vS e f a jymqd k ? vuf x yf a &;
aMumifMh u jzpf&ol a&onfr\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
wd k i f y if u m usm; aiG a v;a½G ; oG m ;,l o nf h Zmwf u G u f r sm;yg
vlrodatmif Buw d u f m tHyYk ek ;f yl&onf[k wdu k ½f u kd f
tvuF m rsm;
rqdb k J ½Gut f yk of ;D yl&onf[k oG,0f u kd af &;zJxYG m;aomaMumifh .../
13/ aoQmifxef;aphrw I (f ½lyu )( 0g;uJGxrf;ydk;... aoQmifxef;aphrIwf ) 20/ a½Gyek ;f &nf csOrf ,fo(d 0uF0w k åd )
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif a&onfa,mufsm;\ yHyk ef;oGif ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif uHwzl ;l pm½Sif tdraf xmif zufukd
jyifukd azmfneT ;f EIwq
f ufol a&onfr\ pum;tjzpf ........./ arQmv f ihaf pmifph m;ae&ygaMumif; zGi[ hf ol a&onfr\ .........../
t½G,yf rmP ao;i,fykH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf aoQmifx;kH zl;pmzufEiS hf qH&k rnft h cGiu hf kd arQmv f ifwh Bu;D apmifph m;
(tEIdif;cH)ESifh xef;aphrIwf(tEIdif;) wdkYudk xyfwljyK zJGUqdkxm; ae&ygonf[k wdu k ½f u
kd rf qdb k J ]a&Ty;kH &nf csOrf ,fod (ESyx f m;onfY
aomaMumifh ½lyutvuFmajrmufygonf/ yke;f &nf pm;oH;k &eftoifjh zpfrnfh &ufukd wGuq f ae&ygonf)}[k../
14/ qHxHk;awmfBuD;wrmoD;(twdo,0kwdå)(..cg;pnf;0wfvJ? 21/ awmifE, S yf (kH twdo,0kwdå )( oHk;pJGrukef....wJh? aiGrIefav;a½G;....
csKyfpNyJudk..) ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif a&onfrydik f aiGav;a½G; yrmP
þtvuF m ud k ]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f a &onf r \ enf;yg;yHkukd oa&mfajymqdo k l a&onf a,musmf ;\ tmvkypf um;tjzpf
yHyk ef;oGijf yifukd azmfneT ;f EIwq
f ufol a&onfa,mufsm;\ ......./ oH;k xm;ygonf/
qHx;kH ao;i,fvSonfudk oa&mfavSmif&mü omrefrQ rqdkbJ ] oa&mfajymqd&k mwGif omrefrQrqdb k J ]awmifE, S yf akH om
wrmoD;t½G,yf rmPrQ Bu;D rm;onfh qHx;kH awmf}[k .........../ aiGreI af v;a½G;}[k tvGet f MuL;L;qdx k m;aomaMumifh twdo,........./
22/ Zm ZmwfomG ;½Snaf tmif( 0uF0w k åd ) ajymqdv k mol a&onfa,mufsm;udk a0zefjypfwifonfh a&onfr\
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif b0MuifazmfrJhol jzpfaMumif; pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
odik ;f 0dik ;f csUJ xiG f ajymol a&onfrudk odr;f oGi;f ajymqdo k l a&onf a&onf a,mufsm; tm;xkwyf kH (tEdiI ;f cH)udk &yfa&;
a,musmf ;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ ½Gma&; aqmfMoyHk(tEdSKif;ESifh) rjzpf r aeBud K ;yrf ; tm;xk w f y H k
tcdsefMuefYMumatmifjyKaeonf[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ *kP&f nfwt l jzpf ......../
]ZmwfomG ;½Snaf tmif ta&;aqmifaeonf}[k ................../ 29/ wpfeyfpm;rBu(H 0uF0w k då )
23/ tvScsi;f ewfzuf( 0uF0w k då ) ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif vufxyfaygif; oif;a&;udk
]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f b0wl c sif ; aygif ; zuf & ef trsm;av;pm;atmif atmif pDrzH Ykd wdu k w f eG ;f ol a&onfr pum;tjzpf..../
a&onfrudk odr;f oGi;f ajymqdo k l a&onfa,mufsm;\ pum;tjzpf ]wpf B ud r f wpf c g tusd K ;cH p m;&½H k r Q BuH p nf j cif ;
oH;k xm;ygonf/ r[kwfvQif}[k wdu k ½f u
kd rf qdb k J ]wpfeyfpm;rBu}H [k ........./
ESpOf ;D om; ½ky&nf f& nfoiG jf yifcsi;f vdu k zf uf nDvo S nf[k 30/ ZrÁLvH;k ewf ( 0uF0w k då )
wku d ½f u kd rf qdb k J ]tvScsi;f nDrsS atmif ewfwu Ykd pDrH pHzk ufxm; ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif eef ; od r f ; yJ G usif ; yaeonf h
onf}[k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUGxm;ojzifh 0uF0w k t då vuFmajrmufygonf/ O',rif ; BuD ;udk &nfnTef;onfh a&onfr\pum;ü oHk;xm;
24/ *siyf chJ si;f ayguMf upd(Yk 0uF0w k då ) ygonf/
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif b0csi;f aygi;f zuf&ef a&onfrudk ]Am&mjynfh½Sif O',rif;BuD;}[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ
odr;f oGi;f ajymqdo k l a&onfa,mufsm;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;.../ ]]ZrÁ L vH k ; ewf (ZrÁ L 'D y guG s ef ; vH k ; \ tBuD ; jrwf tm;xm;
csdKUwJhol qif;&Jol rjynfhpHkol b0wlcsif; aygif;zuf ud;k uG,&f m)}}[k oG,0f u kd f zGUJ qx kd m;ojzifh ................/
MuygpUkd [k wdu k ½f u dk rf qdb k J ]*siyf chJ si;f ayguMf updUk }[k .............../ 31/ rD;ESit hf wl( Oyrm )
25/ bDv;l awGUvuf&odr;f ( 0uF0w k då ) ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rdrd jzwfoef;&m oJ a jrjyif
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif b0csi;f aygi;f zuf&ef a&onfrudk tyl½Sdefudk azmfneT ;f onfh a&onfa,mufsm;\ pum; tjzpf.../
odr;f oGi;f ajymqdo k l a&onfa,mufsm;\ pum;tjzpf ............/ oJajrjyif\ yljyif;yH(k tEdiI ;f cH)udk rD;\tyl½edS (f tEdiI ;f )ESihf
vufxyfaygif;oif;a&;udpöud k ] csuf c sif ; vuf i if ; tyl½Sdefjyif;xefyHkcsif; *kPf&nfwltjzppf cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;aomaMumif.h ../
taumiftxnfazmfrnf}[k wdu k ½f u kd rf qdb k J ]bDv;l awGU vuf& 32/ udsKuu f sd Kuq
f (l jrnfopH GJ )
odr;f }[k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm;ojzifh 0uF0w k t då vuFm.........../ ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rdrd jzwfoef;&m oJajrjyif tyl½Sdef
26/ tpdr;f zrf;( 0uF0w k )då udk azmfneT ;f onfh a&onfa,mufsm;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif b0wlcsif; aygif;zufMu&ef a&ylavmifqlyGufaeonfh tcgxGufay:onfh jrnfoH
a&onfrudk odr;f oGi;f ajymqdo k l a&onf a,mufsm;\ .........../ ]]udsKufudsKuf}}udk tpJGjyKxnfhoGif;a&;zJGUxm;ojzifh jrnfoHpJG
]tcsdeftcgoifhatmif apmifhqdkif; raebJ csucf si;f tvuFm ajrmufygonf/
vuf i if ; taumif t xnf a zmf r nf } [k wd k u f ½ d k u f r qd k b J 33/ odik ;f eif;uGuu f s( Oyrm )
]tpdr;f zrf;}[k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm;ojzif.h .........../ þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rdr\d toGi[ f efyef
27/ awmufwu hJ yfw, G (f 0uF0w k då ) vef;qef; wuf<uyHu k kd azmfñeT ;f onfh a&onfa,musmf ;\ ..../
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif tdrfaxmifzuf&ef tvsifpvdk oG u f v uf tuG u f u syH k *k P f & nf w l t jzpf
ajymqdk vmonfh a&onfa,mufsm;udk [efw Y m;onfh a&onfr\ a&onfa,mufsm; ajcvSrf;ajc<u jyKyHk(tEdIif;cH)udk odkif;orm;
pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ odkif;uGuf eif;yHk(tEdIif;)ESifh cdkif;EdIif;xm;ojzifh OyrmtvuFm
cspBf uKd uaf ygi;f oif;a&;udk ]rcGmwrf; tqufrjywf ajrmufygonf/
wdkufwGef;ajymqdkonf}[k wdu k ½f u kd rf qdb k J ]awmufwhJ uyfw, G }f 34/ ig;uGi;f OaoQmif( 0uF0w k då )
[k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm;ojzif.h ......../ ]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f a&onf a ,musf m ; \
28/ t&yfraI qmfovd(k Oyrm ) qdik ;f qifph um; tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f b0wl c sif ; aygif ; zuf M u&ef od M um;rif ; toH k ; awmf c H apmif ; wD ; ewf o m;
yOöoDcewfrif; [k wdu k ½f ukd f rqdb k J ]]ig;uGi;f OaoQmif}}[k......./
Q
tcef;eHygwf(5)tjzpf ]] a&onfa,mufsm;ESifh O',rif;BuD;wdkYawGUqHkcef;}}udk pum;aj/yaus
ajy;vsuf ½dyS gao;onf oifceefyf;pmtoD
½Tijf rL; tl;oDu;kd rSavyif
tvuF
x mrsm; pkyh prmnf;csuf
h m;onf
qufavhvm&OD;rSmyg/ 'Dacgif;pOfatmufrSm .... rsuEf mS yGiv
hf ef; vSaom 4if;\ ½kyo f iG rf mS pdwaf ysm½f iT jf rL;xl;aeyHk
- rif;BuD;ESifh awGUqHkcef;? jzpfygonf/ tjzpftysuf taMumif;&if; rSefudk ar;jref;&ef
- tdrfa½SUt&mcsD;ajr§mufcef;? xdkajy;vTm; aeonfh vkvifta0;odkY ra&mufrD vsifjrefpGm
- tdrfa½SUrif;urif;BuD;toufudk BuH½G,fcef; (O,smOfawmfcef;)? ac:aqmifí ig\a½SUarSmufoYkd oGi;f cJMh u trwfBu;D rsm;/}}
- owdoHa0*&um awmxGufcef; qdkNyD; ZmwfuGuf cJGumavhvmyg/
tvsifqHk;awGU&rSmu a&onfa,mufsm;ESifh O',rif;BuD;wdkYawGUqHkMupOf ajymqdkMuyHk ZmwfuGufyg/ pum;pyfukd ½Si;f jywwfzYkd ckvkd avhvmyg/
ay;xm;onfh pmyd'k o f nf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf?
tcef;(5) ]]a&onfa,mufsm;ESifh O',rif;BuD;wdkY awGUqHk
pum;qdck ef;}}rS jzpfygonf/
tcef;( 5 ) rif;BuD;ESifh awGUqHkcef; Am&mPoDeef;aqmiftwGif;rSaeí eef;a½SUwl½kodkY
O',rif;BuD;u awGYjrif? pdwf0ifpm;? taMumif;pHkod? oem;pdwf0if tqifhqifh ½Ipm;pOf O',rif;BuD;u rSL;rwfwu Ykd kd rdeo
Yf nfph um; jzpfygonf/
csD;ajrSmuf a&onf aiGav;a½G; rpGefYEdkifyHk ZmwfuGufrsm; a&onf \ jzpf t if o G i f j yif u d k pd w f 0 if p m; ac:,l
pum;yd'k (f 11) a&onf a,mufsm; ajy;vTm;oGm;aeonfukd jrifonft k rf mS pHpk rf;vdo
h cdu k jzifh rdejYf cif;jzpfygonf/
rif;BuD;u rSL;rwfrsm; udk rdefUqdkwJhpum;yg/ rdeq
Yf ykd rkH mS þodjYk zpfygonf/
a&onf a,mufsm; r&yfrem; ajy;oGm;onfudk jrifaomaMumifh -- (ar;cGef;rSm ar;xm;orQudkom ajzyg)
rif;BuD;qdk/ /]]jrif;rd&k f ajrmuf,?H wefc;kd xefonf?h ukrmÇ Pfrsm;h
xD;? a0ó0Pfewf? yHkEdIif;pyfwJh? trwfBuD;wdkY/}} pum;ydk'f(12) trsm;ESifhrwlbJ toGifxl; ½TifjrL;aeonfh jzpftifudk
^^/ igbk&ifonf? Ouifnmarmf? eef;jrifhay:u? a½G;awmf,ljyif? ½Hk;a½SU odvdkaomaMumifh a&onfudk ar;jref;wJhpum;/
cGifodkY? rsuf½SifvQHarmif;? a½TrSefajymif;jzifh? vrf;aMumif;wl½l? ½Ipm;awmf
rl&mwGif ^^vlwpfa,muf[m? tylrpJ? rD;avmuf&JwJh? oJjyifomrSm? t&yfom; a½SYawmfodkY a&mufvQif..........
ae0gnD;nD;? rGef;wnfhwkef;ae? tcdk;a0wJh? aeylBuD;rSm?vufoD;csDa`rSmuf? rif;BuD;qdk/ / ]]vkvifa,mufsm;? t&yfom;i,f/ / trsm;wum
vufyef;aygufESifh? 0rf;ajrmuftl½Tif? uumajy;vdkY [efa&;qif? jzpftif "r®wmESifh? eifhrSmrwl? rGef;wnfhwkef;ae? tckd;a0wJh? oJajrylrSm?
xl;vSygwum;/.....ausmfvTm;ckefayguf? wD;vufazsmufESifh? ajrmufodkY wpf½Irem;? uvsufajy;um? 0rf;yrf;omwJh? aMumif;vsmrsm;udk?
wl½l? rsufESmrlí? ylrSef;rod? acR;wvHk;vHk;? vrf;rqHk;atmif? rkom;rzef? [kwfwdkif;jyef? trSefwifprf;[Jh? t&yfom;/}}
ajy;wkef;yif ½Sdao;onf/......yDwd½Tif½Tif? tludkavyifh? rsufESmyGifhwJh? pum;ajy// ]]tarmif t &yf o m;i,f oif o nf trsm;ol i g
csifh½kyfoGifrSm? b0ifjrL;vSygwum;/ jzpfvsm;aMumif;a&;? rSef&mudk jzpf½;kd jzpfpOfEiS hf jcm;em;vSayonf/ rGe;f wnfh aeyl½eSd af tmuf tcd;k
ar;&atmif? ajy;wJhvkvif? ra0;cif vsifpGmac:í a½SUawmfodkY oGif;cJhMu qla0aeonfh oJajrylay:wiG f touf wpfatmifh wpfcPrQyif
trwfBuD;rsm;/}}
&yf e m;jcif ; r½d S b J tquf r jywf ajy;oG m ; aeonf /
pum;ajy/ / ]]igbk&ifrif;jrwfonf &mZyv’if eef;aqmifjrifh ajy;oGm;&müvnf; uvdu k f ckev
f u
kd jf zifh tvGef 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om
ay:uaeí a½G;awmf,l qifwdkY0ifxGuf&m eef;a½SUwHcg;jyif jzpfae[ef½o Sd nf/ tb,ftaMumif; rsm;aMumifh þrQ jrL;xl;
½H;k awmfa½SUoYkd ausmufrsuf &wemrsm; zdwzf w d af wmufpjD c,fum 0rf;ajrmufaeonfukd vdrn f muG,0f u S jf cif;rjyKbJ tjzpfreS t
f wdik ;f
a½Tcsxm;onfrh eS af jymif;jzifh vrf;aMumif; wnfw h nfh ½Ipm;awmf avQmufwifprf;yg t&yfom;i,f/}}
rlonf/ xdpk Of vlwpfa,mufukd awGUjrifro d nf/ tyl½edS wf m ( pum;pyf tcsufudk awmh udk,fwdkif avhusifhygOD;/)
½Snfum rD;uJhodkY&J&Jawmufaeaom oJjyifay:0,f jzpfonf/
wnD;nD; awmufavmifaeum tcdk;qla0aeonfh rGef;wnfY
aeylatmufwGif xkdolonf vufoD; csD;ajr§mufum vufyef; pum;ydk'f (13) Am&mPoD eef;aqmiftwGif;odkY rif;BuD;uac:,lí
aygucf wfum 0rf;ajrmuf½iT v f ef;pGm uckef [efa&;qif ajy;vTm; pHk;prf; ar;jref;csddefwGif a&onfa,mufsm;avQmufwifpum;/
aeayonf/ 4if;\jzpftif oGifjyifrSm xl;jcm; vGef;vSygonf/ a&onfa,mufsm;qdk/ / wifygonf bk&m;? uRefawmf irJG? vlqif;&JrSm?
ckeaf yguaf usmv f mT ;um? vufazsmuf wD;um? ajrmufoUkd wnfw h nfh &ifuJGvkrQ? a&a&mif;vkyfpm? wpfoufvHk; ½SmvdkYrS? onfwpfcg
rsuEf mS rlí tajy;oGm;aeyHrk mS ylreS ;f rodonfh tvm; xifrwS &f onf/ &zl;wJh? aiGpaiGñHh? yJ0ufcefYudk? a½Teef;Y oeif;? bdodufyJGusif;&mwGif?
vlcsif;wlwl? olrsm;enf;yif? aiGp&dwfjzKef;? 0,fumoHk;? vlvHk;jy
acR;rsm; pD;jzmusvsuf½Sdaomfvnf; vrf;rqHk; Edkifonfhtvm; 0ifr,fvdkY? ^^cspfcifo uf x m;? uRefawmfrsKd;r,m;u? oGm;í,lacs?
tjyif;apaomaMumifh? aeylra½Smif? oJavmifrpdk;? ajrmufNrKdU½dk;rSm? Bu;D pGm tm;oGecf eG pf u kd f jyKcahJ yonf/ eifrh ,m; apcdik ;f onfth wdik ;f
BudK;BudK;pm;pm;? 0Sufíxm; cJhwJh? aiGom;av;a½G;? yJ0ufaMu;udk? c&D;jyif; ESiv f mcJah yonf/}} ]]eifch &D;udk wGuMf unfv h Qif a½Teef;awmfrS
tajy;jrefpGm? ,lr,fvdkYvmygonf/ ^^ xdyfcsma½Teef;½Sifbk&m;/}} ajrmufodkY (6),lZem½SdNyD;? awmifbufodkYvnf; xdkenf;wlpGm
pum;ajy// ]]uReaf wmfrsK;d qif;&Jom;onf &ifuv JG rk wwf yifyef; (6),lZemuGma0;onf/ xdUk aMumifh (12),lZem yrmP½daS yonf/
qif;&JcH a&a&mif;jcif;jzifh 0rf;ausmif; ½SmazG&ol jzpfygonf/ xdo k Ykd ta&twGuyf rmP renf;vS? tuGmta0; c&D;wm rsm;vSonfh
b0wpfavQmufv;kH ½SmazGc&hJ mwGif wpfBurd w f pfcgomydik q f ikd zf ;l onfh NrKd UEpS jf yefrQaom c&D;jzpfonf/}}
rjzpfpavmufaom aiGpuav; yJ0ufcefY ½dyS gonf/ xdak iGukd ]]þc&D;udk eifonf jrLqHozG,f ao;Ekyef nf;yg;vSonfh
t½S i f r if ; BuD ; bd o d u f y G J usif ; y&mwG i f trsm;ol i genf ; wl yJ 0 uf c ef Y r Q aiG u av;twG u f jzwf o ef ; oG m ;aeayonf /
aiGaMu;oH;k pGyJ v JG nfrnf[k uReaf wmfrsK;d \ toufwrQ cspcf ifvaS om toufab;tEÅ&m,f jzpfrnfudkyif rwGufqbJ oufpGefYBudK;
r,m;u oGm;,lacs&ef twif; wdu k w f eG ;f apcdik ;f ygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh yrf;um taoG;tom;rsm;yif cef;ajcmufrwwf tjyif;txef
aeyl'Pfuv kd nf; ra½Smif Edik af wmhyg/ oJyal vmif rnfuv kd nf; twif;tMurf; ESifcJhayonf/}} ]],cktcg (6),lZemrQaom
pdk;&drfraeawmhyg/ ajrmufNrdKU½dk; Mum;ü wul;wu BudK;pm; c&D;wpf0ufukd a&mufNyD jzpfonf/ aemufxyf use½f o Sd nfch &D;udk
0Suo f rd ;f xm;cJo h nfh aiGav;a½G;udk ,l&ef ajy;oGm;&jcif; jzpfygonf uwdu k u
f ½duk f tavmwBu;D pdwaf Zmjzpf raeygEiS /hf eifroGm;
t½Sirf if;Bu;D /}} ygEiS ahf wmh/ eiford ;f xm;onfh t&mr0ifaom aiGy0J ufukd oD;oefY
pum;pyf- ½dyS gapawmh/ eifah iGEiS hf roufqikd f ra&maESmonfh tjcm;aiG ½Spaf ½G;
ay;xm;onfh pmydk'fonf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf (tojymwpfyJ)udk igay;ygrnf/ ½SnfvQm;a0;vHvSonfh c&D;udk
tcef;(5) ]a&onfa,mufsm;ESifh O',rifBuD;wdkY awGUqHkcef;}rS aeylBu;D xJwiG f acR;rsm;pD;jzm usaeatmif rajy;ygEiS ahf wmh/ ig,ck
xkwEf w k cf suf jzpfygonf/ ay;aom tojymaiGwpfyJudk,lí auseyfa&mifh&Jvdkufygawmh
Am&mPoDNrKd U eef;aqmiftwGi;f ü jzpfonf/ eef;aqmifoYkd t&yfom;i,f/}}
a&muf ½ S d u m ar;jref ; pH k p rf ; cH & pOf a&onf a ,muf s m;u pum;pyf-
O',rif;Bu;D xH jyefvnf avQmufwifonfh pum; jzpfygonf/ ay;xm;onfh pmydk'fonf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf
aeylxJ r&yfrem; ajy;oGm;ae&onfh tMumif;&if;udk tcef;(5) ]]a&onfa,mufsm;ESifh O',rifBuD;wdkY awGUqHkpum;
pHpk rf; ar;jref; vmojzifh ajzMum;avQmufwif&jcif; jzpfygonf/ qdck ef;}}rS xkwEf w k cf suf jzpfygonf/
ajzMum;avQmufwifyrkH mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf/ Am&mPoDNrdKUeef;aqmiftwGif;üjzpfonf/ a&onf\
(ajzMunfhyg) taMumif;pHkudk od&pOf O',rif;BuD;u a&onfudk rdefYqdkaom
pum;jzpfygonf/
pum;ydk'f(14) a&onfa,mufsm;aiGav;a½G;,l&ef oGm;&onfhtaMumif;pHkudk aiGpav;a½G;twGuf rwefwq tyifyef; qif;&J
rif;BuD;odNyD;aemuf a&onfa,mufsm;udk rdefUqdkpum;/ cHaeonfudk oem;vSojzifh wm;jrpfpum; rdefYjcif;jzpfygonf/
rdeq
f w kd m;jrpfyrkH mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf/
rif;BuD;qdk/ /]]^^jzpf&avenf;? vlqif;&Ji,f? yJ0ufojym? wpfqdwfpmESifh?
( ar;xm;oavmufudkom pumajyjyef ½Sif;jyay;yg/ )
usKd;&mrJhoD;? aeylBuD;udk? wxD;vTm;vTm;? eifhr,m;u? appm;cdkif;cefY?
c&D;ES,fpefYyav/^^ a½TeeYf;ajrmufudk? ajcmuf,lZem? awmifrSmxdkY[ef?
12 ,lZem? ocFsmrcsKdU? wmief;zdkYwJh? NrdKUESpfjyefudk? jrLqHavmufao;?
yJ0uftae? Budwpf mausw?hJ aiGuav;ESi?hf ab;udk rwm? oufpeG BYf uKd ;yrf;? pum;ydk'f (15) aiGwpfyJay;NyD;? aiGav;a½G;udk oGm;r,l&ef wm;jrpfonfwGif
aoG;oHyifcef;avmufatmif? w&Murf;vmcJhw,f/^^ ,lZemwmaxmuf? a&onfa,mufsm;u jyefvnfavQmufwifaompum;/
wpf0ufvnf; a&mufuNyD? aemufudkavmí? ua&muyg;? eifroGm;ESifh a&onft&yfom;wif/ /]]wifygonfbk&m;? ^ôem;awmfrl? wpfyJqdkwJh?
awmh/ ^^ eifxm;wJh aiGñHh? yJ0ufcefYudk? oefYoefY½Sdap? tjcm;½Spfa½G;? xdkaiGjzLukdvnf;? vufcH,lygrnf/ a&Munfa&mif;c? tzdk;&wJh?
wpfyJaMu;udk? igay;rnf/ "GefY½Snfc&D;? aeylBuD;udk? acR;pD;wpfjzm? rajy;yg aiGpav;a½G;? NrdKU½dk;Mum;rSm? olae½SmwJh? [dk[mav;udkvnf;?
ESifhawmh/ onfojym? aiGwpfyJESifh? a&mifh&JvdkY aeygawmh?^^ t&yfom;/}} ajy;í ,lcsifvSygao;onf/ ^^txnftxkyf? aiGpom[kwfygap?
pum;ajy// ]]jzpf & avqif ; &J o m;&,f / yJ 0 uf c ef Y r Qaom jzKwfrsufvHk;avmuf? ao;vdkYyifaysmufuwnf;? raxmufr½I?
rajymyavmufonfh aiGuav;twGuEf iS hf tusK;d rJah vmufatmif tenf;i,frQudkvdkY? w,fu& rjyKoifhbl;? 0w¬Kumr*kPf?
jzpfacsawmhrnf/ þrQyjl yif;vSonfh aeylBuD;xJwGif qif;&Jyifyef; aiGpESifh BuHKaomcg? tm½kHudk jzwfEdkifcJvSygonf? ^â½Teef;½Sifbk&m;/}}

Q
pum;ajy/ / ]]t½Sirf if;Bu;D ay;oem;awmfral om wpfyq J okd nfh pd w f t m½H k r S a zsmuf v d k u f y gawmh / oJ y l j yif a y: jzwf o ef ; um
xdak iGjzLudv k nf; vufc, H yl grnf/ uReaf wmfrsK;d a&Munfa&mif;í roGm;vdkygESifhawmh/}} ]]oif\ZeD;r,m; Muif & m onf;csmwGif
tzd k ; tc&aiG ? Nrd K U ½ d k ; Mum;wG i f od r f ; xm;&ygonf h tojym rsuEf mS & pdwaf useyf ½Tiv f ef;Ny;D 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpfomG ;ap&ef
av;a½G;udv k nf; ,ckyiftjrefajy;í ,lcsiv f yS gao;onf/}} ,ckcsucf si;f yif (aiGusyf wpfaomif;jzpfaom? aiGcsed w f pf&m)udk
]]txkyftxnftpD;tyGm;[k qdktyfaom aiGaMu;? MuefMY umapjcif;r½dS vufa&muf ay;ygrnf/}}
aiGpom [kwrf eS yf gvQif jzKwrf suv f ;kH wrQ ao;rTm; uG,af ysmuf ]]a0;uGm vGe;f vSonfh ajrmufNrKd U½;kd Mum;½dS 0Sux f m;onfh aiGy0J ufukd
rwwf enf;yg; aomfvnf; raxmufrxm;bJ raeoifyh g/ wefz;kd cHkrifwG,fwmraeygESifhawmh/ wyfrufpGJvef; vGef;vSonfh
enf;vSonf[k vspfvsL½Sk xm;jcif;rsKd; rjyKoifhyg/}}]]xdkUaMumifh pdwt f m½Hu k kd y,fazsmufvu kd yf gawmh/}}
0w¬Kumr*kPfwnf;[laom aiGpESifh awGUBuHKywfoufvmygvQif ]]ud, k t
hf oufukd raxmufxm;bJ rqifrjcif oGm;rdygí touf
pGv
J rf;rI jzpfay:wwfonfh pdwt f m½Hu
k kd jzwfawmuf azsmufzsu&f ef qH;k yg;ysupf ;D cJv h Qif yJ0ufojymaiGu ta&;ygawmhrnf r[kwyf g/
cufcv J yS gonf }}^bk&m;/}} ,ckyif aiGcsed w f pf&m &NyjD zpfí pdwaf t;vufcsNy;D aevdu k yf gawmh
pumpyf- t&yfom;i,f/}}
ay;xm;onfh pmydk'fonf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf? (rSrSwfcsuf/ / csD;jrSifhaiGudk owdjyKzdkYu ...wpfyJupNyD; qxufqxuf
tcef;(5) ]]a&onfa,mufsm;ESifh O',rif;BuD;wdkY awGUqHk wdk;ay;vm&if; aiGcsdefwpf&mjzpfvmw,f/ csufcsif;ckefwufroGm;bl;/ )
pum;qdck ef;}}rS xkwEf w k cf suf jzpfygonf/
pum;pyfudk ckvdk avhusifhyg
Am&mPoDNrKd U eef;aqmiftwGi;f ü tojymaiGwpfyu J kd
ay;xm;onfh pum;yd'k o f nf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf
vufc&H ½Spd Of a&onfa,mufsm;u rif;Bu;D xH jyefvnfavQmufwif
tcef ; (5)]]a&onf a ,muf s m;ES i h f O',rif ; BuD ; wd k Y awG Y q H k
onfh pum;jzpfygonf/
pum;qdck ef;}}rS xkwEf w k cf suf jzpfygonf/
aiGwpfyaJ Mu;udk vufcaH omfvnf; rdrad iGav;a½G;udk
Am&mPoD j ynf eef ; aqmif t wG i f ; üjzpf o nf /
rpGeEYf ikd o
f jzifh pdw&f if;cHtwdik ;f jyefvnf avQmufwifjcif;jzpfonf/
aiGav;a½G;udk rpGeEYf idk af Mumif; tzefzefwifvmpOf O',rif;Bu;D u
avQmufwifyrkH mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf/
a&onfa,mufsm;udk rdeq Yf wkd m;jrpfaompum; jzpfygonf/
( ar;xm;oavmufudkom pumajyjyef ½Sif;jyay;yg/ )
aiGav;a½G;pGefYEdkif onftxd auseyfoGm;apvdkojzifh
qxufqxuf wd;k ay;vsuf wm;jrpfjcif; jzpfonf/
pum;yd k ' f (16) qxuf w d k ; um aiG c sd e f w pf & m(usyf w pf a omif ; )
rdeq
Yf w
kd m;jrpfyrkH mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf/
ay;rnf[kqdkum xyfrHwm;jrpfpum;/
(aocsm avhvmjyifqifxm;&r,fh pum;ydk'fjzpfygw,f )
rif;BuD;qdk/ / ]]vkvifa,mufsm;? t&yfom;i,f/ /^ôGm;rnfhawmifwm
,lZemajcmufjyef? qrwef? uEÅm& uGm;ao;onf/ ylqmñSLd;acG? yifyef;vdkY
aoa&mhrnf/^êifhaiGudkxm;? oJyljyifudk eifroGm;ESifh/ r,m;Muif&m? pum;ydk'f(17) usyfwpfaomif;xdcsD;jrSifhvmpOf a&onfwifonfh pum;/
eifhonf;csmrSm? rsufESm&oavmuf? pdwf½Tifvef;? 0rf;yrf;ajrmufatmif?
vufa&mufraES;? wpfaomif;ojym? csdefwpf&mudk? ckrMumay;rnf[Jh/ ]]a&onft&yfom;wif/....wpf&mqdkwJh xdkaiGjzL........a½Teef;½Sifbk&m;/}}
^â0;vSonfhae&m? NrdKU½dk;rSm0SufcJhwJh? yJ0uf[mudk? rwmrwG,f? wPSmudk pum;ajy/ / ]]............t½Sirf if;Bu;D ay;oem; awmfro l nfh aiGcsdef
y,fyga&mh/ udk,f0,ftouf raxmufrxm;? rawmfoGm;rdvdkYqHk;yg;ysuf wpf&m[laom oefpkY ifvo S nf.h ................... jzwfEikd cf v
J yS gonf/}}
cJhvQif? yJ0ufojym? ru,f½Smaybl;/^^jrefrmcsdefaiGp? wpf&myif&rSudk?
pum;pyfajzyHk
pdwfcsíaeygawmhav[Jh? t&yfom;/
(onftcef;wGif wpfyJ? wpfrl;? wpfrwfupí qxufqxuf ay;onhf pum;rSm ay;xm;onfh pum;yd'k o f nf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf?
pum;zef csyfí ajymap/) tcef;(5)]a&onfa,mufsm;ESifh O',rif;BuD;wdkY awGUqHkcef;}rS
xkwEf wk cf suf jzpfygonf/
pum;ajy// ]]t&yfom; vkvifi,f/ oifomG ;rnfh c&D;tuGm
Am&mPoDNrKd Y eef;aqmiftwGi;f üjzpfonf/ tojymaiG
ta0;rSm ajcmuf,Zl emrQ½&dS m twdik ;f tq vGeu f v
J eG ;f \/ cufcJ
usyfwpfaomif;xd qxufwdk;ay;vmonfudk vufcH&½SdpOf
Murf;wrf;vSonfh c&D;wmBuD; jzpf&m jzwf o ef ; oG m ;ygu a&onfa,mufsm;u rif;Bu;D xH jyefvnfavQmufwifonfh pum;
ylavmifveG ;f onfh 'PfaMumifh ñdKS ;EGr;f acG,ikd u
f m yifyef;EGr;f e,fNy;D
jzpfygonf/ usufxm;vduk yf g
touf y if qH k ; ½H I ; Ed k i f y gonf / oif \ aiG a v;a½G ; ud k
aiGcsed w
f pf&m(usyaf iGwpfaomif;)udk vufcaH omfvnf;
rdrdaiGudkrl rpGefYEdkifojzifh pdwf&if;cHtwdkif; tzefzef jyefvnf pum;ydk'f(19) wpfuka#txd rif;BuD;u ay;umwm;jrpfonf/ þwGifvnf;
avQmufwifjcif; jzpfonf/ aiGav;a½G; tm½Hkudk rjzwfEdkifaMumif;avQmufwif pum;/
avQmufwifyrkH mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf/ a&onfa,mufsm;qdk/ / ]]...wpfuak #qdw k hJ xdak iGjzLudv
k nf;
( pum;ydk'f 15 rSm pum;ajyjyefjyxm;w,f/ tydkifusufxm;vdkufyg ) ...................tm½Hkudk jzwfEdkifcJvSygonf/}}
pum;ajy// ( pum;ydk'f-17 udk enf;,lí ajzyg/)
pum;ydk'f (18) usyfaiG wpfaomif;&onfhwdkif ra&mifh&JEkdif ½SdaepOf rif;BuD;rdefY
onfhpum;/ pum;ydk'f(20) wpfuka#ay;í ra&mifh&Jonfh a&onfa,mufsm;udk
rif;BuD;qdk/ / ]]vkvifa,mufsm;? t&yfom;i,f/ / rkefYpm;&if;vSnf;pD;? tdrfa½SYt&m ay;aMumif; rdefYqdkwJhpum;/
ig;ESpfaumifzrf;? aiGyJjcrf;udk? pJGvrf;csuf BuD;ygbd? rNiD;aiGUvdk? eifonf rif;BuD;qdk/ /]] vkvifa,mufsm;? t&yfom;i,f/ / bdef;pm;aq;iwf?
avmuffqdkrifh? [dkyJ0ufaiG qHk;ygap/ wpfuka#wdwd? eifhr,m;udk? aq;rjywfonfhES,f? wyfrufjcif;wPSm? tm;BuD;ygbd/^^r[mukodkvf?
aiGom;zdavmufatmif? usdusdwufazG;azG;? wpfcgwnf;aX; avmufuJh/ iga½Tu, kd rf mS ? tvdak wmftm;? yg&rDymG ;apawmh? qif;&Jom;qd?k onfy*k Kd¾ vv
f ?J
igay;wJh aiGuka#udk? £aÈápmifhcsKyf? tom,lNyD;vQif? vlvSvS tvdkjynfhpHk? rif;wdkYrSmom? vlYjynff½GmrSm? csrf;omrI ukHawmhrnf/^^}}
vkyaf vawmh/ [dt k yk cf syMf um;? aiGy0J ufom;[mud?k vlMum;vdYk raumif;bl;? ]]a½TbHkaxmifwnfumodwdkif;yg yGifhvdIif;omwJh? Am&mjynfudk? cspfMunf
rsufapmif;rQrxdk;ygESifhawmh t&yfom;/}} jrwfav;? wpf0ufjcrf;vdkY? rif;crf;ygay;r[Jh/ [dka½S;u ojym?
pum;ajy//]]oift&yfom;onf rkepYf m;&if; vSn;f pD; onfyh rm yJ0uf[mudk? aeygapawmh/ tpwHk;atmif? pdfwfvHk;vHk;avQmhaya&mh/^^}}
]]a½Teef;aMumh pnf;pdrf? jynfwpfjcrf;ayguf vQrf;vQrf;awmufwJh?
ig;ESpfaumifudk wpfNydKifwnf; zrf;onfhyrm csD;jrSifhaiG udka&m ajrmufpHtdrfrSm? csrf;Nidrfusufoa&? tdrfa½SUrif;t&mESifh? BuD;us,fpGm
eifhyJ0ufaiG rjzpfpavmufudka&m pJGvrf;jcif; BuD; aeayonf/ aeayawmh? jynfudk0ufvdkY? rif;zufjyKrnf[Jh t&yfom;/}}^^
}}]]eif h a iG a v;a½G ; ud k rpG e f Y E d k i f a Mumif ; ud k v nf ; rNiD ; aiG U
Edkifavmufatmif tzefzefwifvmcJhayonf/ eifonfrQyif pum;ajy// ]]oift&yfom;onf bdef;pm;rsm; bdef;aq;udk
qdak erSawmh eifyh 0J ufaiGukd tqH;k xm;vdu k af wmh/}} ]]igay;onfh tiwf r cH ? tjywf r cH E k d i f o nf h tjzpf r sK d ; ES i f h wl a eayonf /
aiG w pf u k a ##udk&,lNyD; oif\pdwf tm½HkwdkYudk apmifhpnf; aiGav;a½G;tay:ü wyfrufpv JG ef;jcif; pdwt
f m½Hk Bu;D rm;vGe;f vSonf/
xde;f csKyv f u dk yf gawmh/ vSvyS y tajc wus aexdik f vdu k yf gawmh/ þodkYjzifh BuD;us,f jrifhjrwfvSaom ukodkvf aumif;rIudk
[dt k yk cf syMf um;wGif odr;f xm;aom yJ0uf aiGukd vlMum;raumif; igudk,fawmfü jyKvdkonfhqE´rSm ,ckjynfh0yGm;rsm; atmifjrif
zG,f&m jzpfatmif oGm;,lraeygESifhawmh/ rsufapmif;rQyif ayawmh r nf / yg&rD jznf h q nf ; &m a&muf ayawmh r nf /
rxd;k rdatmif tm½Hu k jkd zwf vdu
k yf gawmh t&yfom;/}}
qif;&Jvo S nfh oifv h v
kd rl sK;d üvnf; vdt k ifqE´[o l rQ jynfph akH prnfh
pum;pyf-
rif;pnf;pdrfudk &rSom vlYjynfvlY½Gm\ csr;f omrI tm;vH;k jynfph kH
ay;xm;onfh pmydk'fonf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf vHak vmufayawmhrnf/}}
tcef ; (5)]a&onf a ,muf s m;ES i h f O',rif ; BuD ; wd k Y awG Y q H k ]]xdUk aMumifh a½TbakH ½Teef;wdUk crf;em; xnf0gNy;D ? umod
pum;qdck ef;}rS xkwEf w k cf suf jzpfygonf/ wdkif;twGif; yg0ifum at;csrf;om,m pnfyifzGHUNzdK;vSonfh
Am&mPoD j ynf e ef ; aqmif t wG i f ; üjzpf o nf / Am&mPoDjynfxuf0ufukd oift h m; cspMf unf av;jrwfvo S nfh
(usyfwpfaomif; csD;jrSifhaiGudk &onfhwdkif) aiGav;a½G;udk rpGeEYf idk af Mumif; qE´jzifh rif;crf;rif;em;ESiw hf uG ay;tyfay awmhrnf/ a&onf
tzefzefwifvmpOf O',rif;BuD;u a&onf a,mufsm;udk b0u oifah iGtojymyJ0ufukd onftwdik ;f ½dyS gapawmh/ pGv J rf;rI
rdeq
Yf w
kd m;jrpfaom pum; jzpfygonf/ tm½HkwdkYudk wpfpGef;wpfprQrusefatmif pdwfvHk;vHk; vsm;vsm;
a&onfudk aiGav;a½G;pGefYEdkifonftxd auseyfoGm; avQmch svu kd yf gawmh/}}
apvdkojzifh olaX;bJGUcHxkdufatmif wdk;ay;vsuf wm;jrpfjcif; ]]a½Tx;D a½Teef;wdjYk zifh crf;em;vSyonfh pnf;pdrEf iS w hf uG
jzpfonf/ Am&mPoDwpf0ufudk pdk;ydkif cGifh&um xif½Sm;ysHUESHY ausmfMum;vS
rdeq
Yf w
kd m;jrpfyrkH mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf/ onfh ajrmufpHtdrfawmfwGif usufoa&½dSaom? at;csrf;wnf
( 'Dpmydk'fudkvJ trSm;t,Gif;r½Sd aocsm avhusifhjyifxm;yg ) Nird af om tdraf ½SUrif;t&m pnf;pdrjf zifh Bu;D us,cf rf;em;pGm pHíae
vdu k yf g/ jynfukd ydik ;f jcm;í rif;zufNyKd ijf yKrnf t&yfom;i,f/}}

pum;pyf- ay;xm;onfh pmydk'fonf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf? pum;ajy/ ]]ig{u&mZfrif;jrwfonf tvH;k pHo k jd rifEUHSpyfaom bk&m;
tcef ; (5)]]a&onf a ,muf s m;ES i h f O',rif ; BuD ; wd k Y awG Y q H k ÓmPfawmfESifh xl;jrwf&mtppfjzpfaom edAÁmefcsrf;omudk jyif;jy
pum;qdck ef;}}rS xkwEf w
k cf suf jzpfygonf/ xufoef vSaompdwfqE´jzifh ESvHk;oGif;um &&m&aMumif;
&nfarQmrf eS ;f xm;oljzpfayonf/ olawmfaumif;wdYk oabmESit hf nD
Am&mPoD j ynf eef ; aqmif t wG i f ; üjzpf o nf /
bk&m;avmif;wdYk xH;k pHusiNhf rv J rf;twdik ;f tm;xkwaf vQmufvrS ;f
(usyfwpfuka# csD;jrSifhaiGudk vufcH&½Sdonfhwdkif) aiGav;a½G;udk
&awmhrnf/ tpOftvm jznfhqnf;tyfonfh yg&rDoHk;q,f?
rpGefYEkdifaMumif; tzefzefavQmufwifvmpOf O',rif;BuD;u
tusifhoHk;yg;? pGefYjcif;ig;&yf ponfhbk&m;avmif;wdkY usifhNrJ
a&onfa,mufsm;udk rdeq Yf w kd m;jrpfaom pum; jzpfygonf/
xH;k pHEiS t
hf nD jrwfaom pGeBYf uaJ y;urf;jcif;wdu
Yk kd Ny;D ajrmuf apí
a&onfukd avmu\ csr;f omrI uHv k akH pum a&mif&h J
edAmÁ ef0if&mr*fvrf;aMumif;udk aqmufwnfymG ;rsm; apawmhrnf}}/
auseyfrI jzpfapvdík tdraf ½St Y &may;vsuf wm;jrpfjcif;jzpfonf/
]]þqif;&Jom;? trsKd;tEG,f edrfhusol rSDcdkvmol
rdeq
Yf w
kd m;jrpfyrkH mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf/
a&onfudk oem;MuifemrI xm;vsuf tdrfa½SUt&m tyfESif;ay
( oHk;ydk'f cJGay;xm;w,f txufESpfydk'fudk aocsm jyifqifxm;yg ) awmhrnf/ Bu;D us,f crf;em;vSonfh tdraf ½SUrif;pnf;pdrcf sr;f omudk
þuRef ; ajr pMu0Vm wd k u f w pf a omif ; vH k ; ausmf M um;
oGm;onfw h ikd af tmif qkawmf tjzpfay;í ta&;udpö vTt J yfum
pum;ydk'f(21) a&onfa,mufsm; xHk;pHtwdkif; qufvufavQmufwifwJh tkycf sKyrf if;vkyaf pawmhrnf/ }}
pum;/
pum;pyf ]]xdaYk Mumifh vdt k yfaomxD;? pnf? a0g,mOf? xrf;pif
ay;xm;onfh pum;yd'k o f nf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf ponfhrif;crf;rif;em;wdkYudk jyifqifap/ aumif;jrwfaom
tcef;(5)]]a&onfukd tdraf ½SUt&m cs;D ajrmS ufcef;}}rS xkwEf w k cf suf tdraf ½SUr*Fvm tcrf; tem;jzifh vTt J yfaqmifEiS ;f zG,&f m pmwrf;?
jzpfygonf/ rSww f rf;? jyefwrf;wdu Yk kd aphiS pHv k ifatmif pDraH p/ tdraf ½SUt&m
Am&mPoDjynf eef;aqmiftwGi;f üjzpfonf/ tdrfa½SU tyfESH&müvnf; t&mxrf; Adkvfaygif; NcH&Hapí acgif;aq;
t&mudk ay;tyfvmpOf a&onfa,mufsm;u rif;Bu;D xH jyefvnf r*FvmjyKapum tdrfa½SUrif;tjzpf ajr§mufwif csD;jr§ifhMu&rnf
avQmufwifonfh pum; jzpfygonf/ rSL;rwfrsm;/}}
rif;pnf;pdrfudk 0rf;ajrmufpGm vufcHonfYwdkifatmif pum;pyf-
rdryd ikd f aiGav;a½G;udk rpGeEYf idk af o;ojzihf avQmufwif&jcif;jzpfygonf/ ay;xm;onfh pum;yd'k o f nf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf?
( xHk;pHtwdkif; ar;orQudkyJ ajzay;yg ) tcef;(5) ]]a&onfukd tdraf ½St Y &m cs;D ajrmS ufcef;}}rS xkwEf w
k f
csuf jzpfygonf/
pum;yd k ' f ( 22) td r f a ½S U t &may;&mü tcrf ; tem;jzif h ajr§ m uf w if Am&mPoDjynf eef;aqmiftwGi;f üjzpfonf/ olaX;t&m
csD;jr§ifhvdkojzihf rSL;rwfrsm;udk rdefYqdkonfhpum;/ csD ; jrsif h a y;onf h w d k i f a&onf r S m ra&mif h & J E k d i f jzpfaepOf
rif;BuD;qd/k / urÇma½S;vrf;? edwu d sr;f ESi?hf xH;k wrf;nDñ?dS rif;vdv
k u
kd w
f wf? O',rif;BuD;u rSL;rwfrsm;udk rdefYqdkonfh pum; jzpfygonf/
rif;usKd;eyfwJh? rwfu0dwdkY/ / ig{u&mZf rif;jrwfonf? oAÁnLÓmPf? tdrfa½SYt&m wifajrSmuf &mwGif crf;em;xnf0gap vdkojzifh
NrKd uef ufwu H ?kd xJo&H nfa&mf? &aMumif;arQmíf ? olawmfyyD ?D bk&m;avmif;wd?Yk vdt k yfonfrsm; pDraH p&ef rdeaYf pjcif;jzpfygonf/
xHk;a[mif;udk rSDNyD;vQif? yg&rD oHk;q,f? usifhxHk;EG,f[k? oHk;oG,fp&d,? rdeq
Yf kd apcdik ;f yHrk mS þodjYk zpfygonf/
pGefYjcif;ig;&yf? aAm"dowfwdkY? jrwfpm*udk? t&vSrf;í? r*fjirf;xlawmf
rlawmhrnf/^^ onfqif;&Jom;? rsKd;rjrwfwJh? vlUuyfyg;udk? oem;Muifem?
tdrfa½SUtyfESifh;? BuD;us,f0ef;wJh? rif;csrf;omudk? nmZrÁLarmf? aomif;vHk; ( vG,fatmif oHk;ydk'f cJGay;xm;w,f/ tv,f y d k 'ud
fudk aocsmvkyfyg/)
ausmfatmif? qkawmfay;í? ta&;vTJawmfrlvdkonf/^^ xD;pnfa0g,mOf?
xrf;pOfrif;crf;? tdrfa½SUr*Fvm? aqmifESif;&mwJh? pmpmwrf;rsm;udk?
pHkprf;qifjcif? tdrfa½SUtyfESH? Adkvfaygif;&Hí? oBuFef,if? a`rSmufwif
csD;jrSifhMu&rnf rSL;rwfrsm;/}}

tcef;(5) ( aiGav;a½G;udk taMumif;jyKum [ktvGet f MuL;.../ ^..]jrLqHavmufao;}onf[k .........../ ^
tjyeftvSefajymqdkcef;)ygtvuFmrsm; 41/ jzLwfrsuv
f ;kH avmuf(twdo,0kwdå ) (21-awmifES,fyHk? 40-
35/ ukrP Ç rf smx
h ;D (0uF0w k då ) Budwfpmaus jrLqHavmufao;?wdkYESifh uJGjym;atmif yk'f&if;ESifh wJGrSwfyg )
þtvuFmudk a&onfjyZmwfwiG w f iG f rSL;rwfrsm;udk ]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f enf ; yg;aomaiG p ud k y if
trTr;f wifac:qo kd nhf O',rif;Bu;D \ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ tav;xm;oifah Mumif; a&onfa,mufsm; wifonfh pum;.../
bkef;wefcdk;<u,f0vSonfh rSL;rwfrsm; [kwu kd ½f u
kd f 0w¬KaiGp\ enf;yg;vGef;onfh yrmPu yrmPudk omrefrQ
rqdb
k J ]ukrPÇ rf smxh ;D (ewfwt Ykd Mu;D trSL;)}[k oG,0f u kd f ......./ rqdbk J ]jzKwrf suv
f ;kH avmuf}[k tvGet f MuL;qdx k m;........./
36/ rD;avmuf( Oyrm ) ( 31/ rD;ESifhtwl ? &efrD;owå½k aigufvQifNydK.....? (....... aiGpom[kwfygap? jzKwfrsufvHk;avmuf? ao;vdkYyif? aysmufuwJ?
tenf;i,f....)
rmefrD;cJ....wdkYESifh cJGjcm;avhvmyg )
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif a&onfa,mufsm; jzwfoef; 42/ rkepYf m;&if;vSn;f pD;(0uF0w k )då
aeonf h oJ a jrud k &nf n T e f ; onf h O',rif ; BuD ; pum;ü ]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f aiG a v;a½G ; ud k rpG e f Y E d k i f b J
oH;k xm;ygonf/ cs;D jriS ahf iGukd vufc, H o
l nfh a&onfukd &nfneT ;f onfh O',rif;Bu;D
tyl ½ S d e f j yif ; xef y H k *k P f & nf w l t jzpf oJ a jr\ pum;ü oHk;xm;ygonf/
yljyif;yH(k tEIid ;f cH)udk rD;\ tyl½edS (f tEdiI ;f )ESihf cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;...../ tcGifhta&;ESpfrsdK;vHk;udk wpfNydKifeufwnf; &,lcHpm;
37/ tludkavyifh( 0uF0kwåd ) csif a eonf [k wkduf½dkuf rqdkbJ ]rkefYpm&if;vSnf;pD;}[k
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif a&onfa,musfm;\ [ef y ef oG,f0dkuf..../
½TifjrL;vSonfudk awGYjrifonfh O',rif;Bu;D pum;tjzpf...../ 43/(]]ig;ESpfaumifzrf;}} udkvnf; ]rkefYpm;&if;vSnf;pD;} enf;wl ajzyg )
½T i f v ef ; 0rf ; ajrmuf v S o nf [k w d k u f ½ d k u f r qd k b J
]tluakd vyifh xm;onf}[k oG,0f u kd zf UJG qx
kd m;aomaMumifh ...../ 44/ bde;f pm;aq;iwf aq;rjywfonhEf , S f (Oyrm)
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif aiGwpfuak #&onfw h ikd f aiGav;a½G;
38/ &ifuv JG rk Q( twdo,0kwdå ) (&ifbwfpnfwD;...^ &ifuJG&acs&JU... ) rpG e f Y E d k i f a om a&onf u d k &nf n T e f ; onf h O',rif ; BuD ; \
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif a&a&mif;tvkyf yifyef;yHkudk pum;tjzpf../
avQmufwifaeonfh a&onfa,musmf ; pum;wGif oH;k xm;ygonf/ a&onfa,mufsm; aiGav;a½G;udk pGv J rf;yH(k tEdiI ;f cH)udk
a&a&mif;0rf;ausmif;&onfrSm tvGef bde;f pm;u bde;f aq;udk pGv J rf;yH(k tEdiI ;f )ESihf rpGefYEdkifatmifpGJvrf;yHk
yif y ef ; vvSonfudk omrefrQrqdkbJ ]]&ifuGJvkrQ qif;&Jyifyef; *k P f & nf w l t jzpf cdkif;EdIif;xm;aomaMumifh OyrmtvuFm
onf}}[k tvGet f MuL;......./ ajrmufygonf/
39/ a½TeeYf;oeif;(0uF0kwåd) (a½TawmifBuD;ocif.. ESifh EdIif;,SOfyg ) 45/ r*fjirf;xl(0uF0w k )då
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif aiG a v;a½G ; oG m ;,l & onf h ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif ay;urf;pGefYBuJjcif; trIudkjyKí
taMumif; pHkudk rif;Bu;D xH wifavQmufol a&onfa,mufsm;../ oAÁ n KÓmPf t&vS r f ; awmh r nf h O',rif;BuD;\ >ruf[
]t½Sifrif;BuD; (O',rif;BuD;)})}[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
]Ja½Teef;Y oeif;(a½Teef;awmf\ tBu;D tuJ)}[k oG,0f u kd zf UGJqx
kd m;...../ r*fw&m;vrf;pOftwdkif; aqmufwnf
(a½T e ef ; h o eif ; ? bd o d u f y J G u sif ; &mwG i f ? vl c sif ; wl w l ? ol r sm;enf ; yif ?
usifhoHk;awmhrn nf [k wku d ½f u
kd rf qdb k J ]r*fjirf;xl}[k................/
aiGp&dwfoHk;?...)
(]r*fjirf;}udk ½lyutvuFmtaejzifh ar;vmygu r*fw&m;(tEdIif;cH)ESifh
40/Buwd pf maus(twdo,0kw)då ^ jrLqHavmufao;(twdo,)
jirf;(tEdIif;)wdkY\ txufjrifhjrwf&modkYa&mufatmif axmufyHhEdkifonfh
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGia&onf
af &onfa,musfm;\ aiGyrmPudk
*kPf&nfwlcsif; tEdIif;xyfwljyKxm;aMumif; ½Sif;jyay;yg/)
&nfneT ;f ol O',rif;Bu;D \ pum;tjzpf ........./
aiGav;a½G\ yrmPenf;yg;vGef;onfudk omrefrQrqdb k J
]Bud w f p maus(tvG e f a o;zJ G o d r f E k y f ? enf ; yg;aomaiG ) }
ajrmufpHtdrfawmf pum;pyf-
tdrfa½SUrif;tjzpfodkY a&muf? Muif&majrSmuf? pnf;pdrf cHpm; pHpm;? aiGav;a½G;udk ay;xm;aom pmydk'fonf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf?
rpGefYEdkifao; udk,fwdkifoGm;,l...ZmwfuGufrsm; tcef;(5)]]a&onfa,mufsm; tdraf ½SUrif;jzpfcef;}}rS xkwEf w k cf suf
pum;ydk'f( 23 ) rdzk&m; Muif&m ajrSmuf&ef pDpOfonfhpum;/ jzpfygonf/
tdrfa½SYrif;tjzpfodkYa&muf/ jynfudk wpf0ufpH/
Am&mPoD j ynf ajrmuf p H t d r f a wmf ü jzpf o nf /
tdrfa½SUrif;qdk&efpum;-]]&mZ0ówD? usrf;*rDÇESifh? tnDrvGef? ighxHeD;&if; tdrfa½SUrif;tjzpfodkY a&muf½SdpHpm;pOf a&onftdrfa½SYrif;u
ÚmPfus,f0ef;wJh? twGif;0efwdkY// bkef;0Sefbk&m;? ZrÁLoeif;? twGi;f 0efwu Ykd kd apcdik ;f onfph um; jzpfygonf/
wpfqlcsif; wJh? xGwfrif;zsm;u? oem;MunfjzL? ajrSmufpm;awmf tdrfa½SUt&mpnf;pdrfESifh avsmfnDpGm rdzk&m;Muif&m &m
rlaomaMumifh? BuD;xlpnf;pdrf? pHa½TtdrfESifh? csrf;NidrfMunfajrU? wefcdk;a<uGU wifajrmS uf &efvo kd jzifh rdeqYf akd pcdik ;f jcif; jzpfyf gonf/
tdrfa½SUt&m &ayNyD/}} ]]od*F DaomfarSmf? a½Ttdrfay:rSm? ajzazsmfap&ef?
tdrfa½SUrdzk&m;? csD;ajrSmufpm;vdkY? xm;xdkufwefwJh? bkef;uHaqmufOD?
tdraf ½SUrif; rdeq Yf ykd rkH mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf/
½Sdavmufoludk? a½G;,lwdkif;xGm? vdkufí½Smaomf? oHo&m a½S;a[mif;?
b0aygif;u? qkawmif;ygMu? eef;awmfa½SU0,f? a&a&mif;vnfwJh? ( vG,fatmif oHk;ydk'f cJGxm;w,f/ tv,fydk'fudk tav;ay;yg )
a&onfrESifh? cspfvufpa[mif; ½SdcJhonf/}}]]a&Munfa&mif;ol?
a½S;txufu? touftoGif? igcspfcifwJh? Muifonf;tludk?
ZrÁLrif;pH? a½Tyed ;f rHw?hJ ,mOfysaH ygi;f csKy?f xdex
f ed n
f ;D atmif? xD;usKid ;f tkyíf ?
udk,fvkyfawmfrsm;? &Ha½TazmfESifh? a½Tawmfem;wGif? oGm;í
awmif;acs&rnftwGif;0efwdkY/}} ( tdrfa½SUt&m pnf;pdrf pHpm; cHpm;onfh ZmwfuGuf )
rSL;rwfwdkY xGufoGm; ar;jref; pHkprf;½SmazGí &cJhojzifh tdrfa½SUrif;xHodkY? a&mufí
0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om? MuifempHkrufjcif;? ½SdonfESifhtnD 4if;a&onfrudk tdrfa½SUrdzk&m; pum;ydk'f( 24 ) tdrfa½SUrif; aiGav;a½G;udk udk,fwdkif oGm;,lvkdí pDpOfonfh
t&mü xm;í pHpm;aysmfydkufMuap/ pum;/
pum;ajy// ]]bk e f ; wef c d k ; BuD ; rm;vS o l ? ZrÁ L 'D y guRef ; \ tdrfa½SUrif;qdk// ]]twGif;0efwdkY/ / tvGefw&m? &cJpGmwJh? r[mOy&mZf?
wpf q l w nf ; aom txG w f t jrwf x m;&m rif ; BuD ; u igh u d k t&mpnf;pdrf? wefcdk;½SdefESifh tdrfa½SUrif;jzpfayNyD/}}]]odkYuwJ? igh0rf;xJrSm?
tcJraus? yJ0ufaiGaMumifh? raeEdkifatmif½SdcJhonf/ twnfwnft00?
oem;MunfjzLpGm ajr§mufpm;cJhonf/}}]]rif;BuD;aus;Zl;aMumifh ighudk,ftm;udk? w&m;csí? r&Edkifyg/ yJ0ufcefYrQ? onfaiGpudk? rweJYvdkY?
Bu;D jrwfvaS om pnf;pdrEf iS w hf uG pHa½Ttrd [ f k qd&k rnfh ajrmufpH wu,fhoabm? igha½SUem;u? bk&m;rwfrwf? pufpHk &yfí? twyfyif
tdraf wmfü csr;f Nird ;f pGm? at;jrMunfompGm pHjref;Edik af yNy/D wefc;kd a[muwnf;? onfaZmudk t[kwf? igrcsKyfEkdifbl;/}} ]]tkwfNrdKU½dk;Mum;?
BuD;rm; <u,f0vSaom tdrfa½SUt&mudkvnf; cHpm;&acsNyD/}} ig0SufvdkYxm;cJhwJh? aiGom;ojym? yJ0uf[mudk? Mumrjzpfbl;? olwum
]]xdaYk Mumifh ,cktcg a½TxnftEkpw d yf ef;<uwdrYk rG ;f rHxm;onfh OD;a&mhrnf/ rSL;rwfrsm; u? &xm;qifjrif;? wyfawmfcif;a&mh? csucf si;f xí
igudk,fwdkif ,lawmfrlrnf? twGif;0efwdkY/}}
a½Tpt H rd af wmf0,f twlppH m; ajzazsmcf &H ef tdraf ½SUrzd &k m;tjzpf cs;D jri§ hf
ajrm§ ufpm; xdu k of l bke;f uH½iS uf kd a½G;,lqifjcif ½SmazGtyfayonf}}/ pum;ajy/ / ]]twGi;f 0efw?Ykd igonftvGeYf tvGeyf if
]]þwGif oHo&mb0a[mif;a½S;tqufu twlaygi;f zuf&ef &Edik cf ahJ om? Bu;D jrwfvo S nfh tdraf ½SUt&mpnf; pdr\ f wefc;kd t½deS f
qkawmif;ygco hJ jzifh eef;awmfa½SUwiG f a&a&mif;&if; qHak wGUc&hJ onfh t0gEiS hf jynfph u kH m tdraf ½SUrif; tjzpfoYkd a&mufcyhJ gNy/D odaYk omfvnf;
a&onfrESihf cspu f Rr;f 0if arwåmrQco hJ nfwu Ykd kd owd&rdonf/}} ig&h ifxw J iG f rausrcsr;f Edik o
f nfh aiGav;a½G;qEáMumifh rwnfrNird f
]]xdak &Munfa&mif;ol? a½S;,cifuwnf;u ig\ toufyrm jzpfcJh&onf/ £ajE´ rqnfEdkifatmif ½dScJh&onf/ toG,foG,f
jrwfEdk;Muifem&ol a&onfrudk ighrdzk&m;t&m ajr§mufvdkonf/ trsKd;rsKd;jzifh wnfNidrfatmif BudK;pm; xdef;csKyf ygaomfvnf;
xdaYk Mumifh pHjyKtyfaom a½T&nfjzifh rGr;f rHxm;tyfaom ,mOfysaH wmf auseyfa&mif&h J Nird ;f at;jcif; r&Edik cf yhJ g/}}
ESit hf wl xdex f ed n f ;D atmif xGe;f vif;awmufyonfh usKid ;f xD;rsm; ]]yJ0ufcefUrQomjzpfonfh onfaiGpuav;udk awmifw h ?
tkyrf ;kd í ud, k v f yk af wmfrsm;? &Ha½Gawmfrsm; Nc&H pH n kH vD u
kd yf gapvsuf wrf;w jcif; rjyKoif}h [k trSew f u,f pifppfyif ig\a½SUarSmufwiG f
a½T e m;awmf wif a vQ m uf a wmif ; &rf ; ajr§ m uf p m;acs&rnf bk&m;½Sif udk,fawmfwdkif ajcpHk&yfawmfrlí wyftyfaocsmpGm
twGi;f 0efw/Ykd }} wdwdyy a[mMum; awmfrlvmvQifaomfrS aiGav;a½G;tay:

wyfrufvGef;vSonfh ig\ pdwfaZmtm½Hkudk rnfodkYrQ csKyfxdef; O,smOfawmftwGif;
apmifph nf;Edik rf nf rxifyg/}} tdrfa½SUrif;\aygifay:wGif O',rif;pufaysmfpOfh ZmwfuGufrsm;
]]tkwfNrdKU½dk;Mum;wGif ig0Sufxm;onfh aiGav;a½G;udkvnf; pum;ydk'f( 25 ) yxrtBudrf MuH½G,f pdwful;pum;
MumMumxm;í rjzpfyg/ olwum vufO;D oGm;Edik yf gonf/ xdaYk Mumifh tdraf ½SUrif; yJ0ufojymudtk ,lomG ;í tjyefwiG f 4if;tdraf ½SYrif;ESihf wuG rS;l rwfAvkd yf g
rSL;rwfrsm;u &xm;? qif? jrif;wdkYjzifh wyfawmfcif;usif;&ef armif;rrdóHjcH&Hvsuf rif;BuD; O,smOfawmfodkY xGufawmfrlap/ O,smOfodkY a&mufvQif
pDpOfygavmh/ csucf si;f yif <ujref;í igu, kd w
f ikd ,
f al wmfrrl nf/}} rSl;rwfAdkvfygarmif;rrdóHwdkY tvdk½Sd&mt&yfodkY oGm;íaeMupOf tdrfa½SYrif;u qdwfNidrfonfh
tcgudk7í rif;BuD;udk owfNyD;Am&mPoDudk rif;wpfyg;wnf; jyKrnfBuH&m tdrfa½SYrif;qdk&ef
pum;pyf- pum;rSm-
ay;xm;onf h pum;pmyd k ' f o nf OD ; yk n \ ]]onfwpfcgjzifh? igvnf; eef;avmif;? ightaMumif;? qkawmif;wdkif;jynfh? eef;OD;udkifudk?
a&onfjyZmwf tcef;(5)]]tdraf ½SUrif; aiGav;a½G;oGm;,lcef;}}rS ydkifydkifBuD;wuf&atmif? csufaumif;udkawGUNyD/}}]]bkef;a[hbk&m;? ig\tm;udk? udk,fpm;
xkwEf w k cf sujf zpfygonf/ xyfwl? ,HkMunfawmfrlaomaMumifh? ouf½Iajzmifhajzmifh? pdk;raESmifhbJ?
ighaygifxufrSm? pufawmfac:vdkY? aysmfawmfrl½Sm avonf/ Am&mjynfe,f?
Am&mPoDNrKd U? ajrmufpt H rd af wmfüjzpfonf/ tdraf ½SUt&m Zif*v,fav;udk? ESpfe,fcJGvdkY? odrfzJGao;Ekyf? rif;ESpfa,muf vkyf&w,f?
pnf;pdrfudk rdzk&m;ESifhtwl pHpm;aysmfydkufpOf tdrfa½SUrif;u pdwf½Iyfp&m? onfwpfcgjzifh? Am&mjynfh½Sif? ighvufxJodkY? rac:bJ0if
twGi;f 0efwu Ykd kd rdeUf qo kd nfh pum;jzpfygonf/ vmaygh}} ]]rifydwkef;a&mif? jrauaoQmifudk? NrJatmifcdkifcdkif? usyfusyfBuD;
wdik ;f jynfwpf0ufuykd ikd pf ;kd um tdraf ½SUrif;&mxl;pnf;pdrf udkifvdkYrdkY? vnfwdkifudkqwfqwf? oefvsufESifh jzwf&vQif? ywfwdwfvdkY
cHpm;&onfh b0tajcodYk a&mufonfw h ikd f a&onfb0u aiGav; ydef;? wpfbuf&ef Nidrf;a&my? tkyfxdef;EkdifiH? a½Teef;vTwf½Hk;? wdkif;jynfyg
usKH;NyD;vQif?igvHk;vHk;pH&atmif? tBuHajrmufapawmhrnfav[,f/}}
a½G;udk rarhaysmufEikd o f jzifh xdak iGav;a½G;udk tjrefomG ;,l vdak Mumif;
rdeUf qjkd cif; jzpfonf/ pum;ajy/ / ]]onfwpfcgwGifawmh eef;avsmif;vsmjzpfaom
rdeq Yf ykd rkH mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf/ ightwGuf taMumif;cHjynfhpHkum qkawmif; jynfh&ayawmhrnf/
Am&mPoD xD;eef;udk igwpfO;D wnf; ydik yf ikd Ef ikd Ef ikd f atmifjrifp;kd pHEikd &f ef
( rsOf;om;xm;wJh pum;awGudk tav;ay; avhvmyg/ ) tcGit hf cgaumif;udk awGUBuKH ae&ygNy/D bke;f Bu;D onfh rif;jrwfonf
igt
h m;olUu, kd pf m;uJo h Ykd xyfwrl Q pdwcf s,MkH unf[ef ½Sad vonf/
a&onfa,mufsm; tdrfa½SYrif;pnf;pdrf pHpm;cef;ZmwfuGuf )yg tvuFmrsm; odkY,HkMunfojzifh toufudk ajzmifhajzmifh½SLí pdk;&drfaMumifhMu
uif;pGmjzifh igah ygix f uf0,f pufawmfac: tdyaf ysmaf e½Smonf/
46/ ZrÁLoeif;(0uF0kwåd) ( ZA®LvHk;ewf^ a½TeefYoeif; ... cJGrSwfyg / )
Am&mPoDjynfonf wdik ;f i,fjynfi,fav;om jzpfonf/ ,ckvdk
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rif;Bu;D ajru S pf m;í
Am&mjynfukd ESpef ,fcJG ydik ;f jcm; xm;&onfrmS ao;zGo J rd Ef yk f vSonf/
tdraf ½SUt&m &aMumif; rdeq Yf okd nfh a&onftrd af ½SUrif; pum;tjzpf
rif;ESpfyg;rQa0 tkyfcsKyf&ojzifh rpDrH rac:aqmif&bJ a&muf½Sd
oH;k xm;ygonf/
vmayNy/D rif;Bu;D \ rifeufyw d ek ;f a&mif awmufaeonfh pdr;f jrjr
jynfh½Sifrif;BuD;(O',rif;BuD;)[k wdkuf½dkuf rqdkbJ
qHauavQmifx;kH udk cdik Nf raJ tmif aocsmudik u f m vnfwikd u f kd aocsm
]ZrÁLoeif; (ZrÁLuRe;f vH;k udk tpd;k &ol)[k oG,0f u kd zf UJG qx
kd m;....../
jywfatmif oHvsuEf iS hf ydik ;f jzwfciG &hf ayNy/D xdo k jYkd zwfyikd ;f vdu k yf gu
(ZrÁLoeif;? wpfqlcsif;wJh xGwfrif;zsm;u? ajrSmufpm;awmfrlaomaMumifh?
trIupd ö vH;k 0Ny;D jywfayawmhrnf/ wpfzufu taESmift h ,Suf
BuD;xlpnf;pdrf? pHa½TtdrfESifh......tdrfa½SYt&m &ayNyD )
twm;tqD;rsm;vnf; csKyNf ird ;f uif;½Si;f oGm;ayrnf/ 4if;aemuf
47/ touftoGi(f Oyrm) tkycf sKy&f rnfEh ikd if aH wmf? a½Teef;awmf? vTwaf wmf½;kH rsm;ESihf wpfwikd ;f
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif a&onf r tay: xm;onf h jynfv;kH udk odr;f ydu k &f acsrnf/ þodv Yk Qif igwpfyg;wnf; pd;k ydik f
arwå m oH a ,mZOf u d k &nfnTef;onfh tdrfa½SYrif;\ pum;ü pHjref; &ap&eftBuH Ny;D ajrmufapawmhrnf/}}
oH;k xm;ygonf/ pum;pyf-
a&onfrtm;jrwfE;kd yH(k tEdiI ;f cH)udk rdrt
d oufuw
kd efz;kd ay;xm;onfh pum;yd'k o f nf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf
xm;yHk(tEdIif;)ESifh wG,fwmjrwfEdk;wefzdk;xm;yHkcsif; *kPf&nfwl ]]O,smOf
tcef;(5)]]O,smOf a wmf 0 ,f rif ; B u D;toufudk BuH½G,fcef;}}}}rS
tjzpf.../ xkwEf w k cf suf jzpfygonf/

Q
Am&mPoDjynf O,smOfawmf twGif;ü jzpfonf/ pum;yd k ' f ( 27 ) O,smOf a wmf w G i f td r f a ½S U r if ; uvk y f B uH & ef xyf r H
O',rif; pufaysmfaeum qdwfNidrf&mudk&cdkufwGif tdrfa½SUrif; pdwful;ay:onfhpum;
wpfudk,fwnf; Bu½H , G f pdwu
f ;l onfh pum;jzpfygonf/ ]][,f...a,mufsm;? w&m;qufqH? olawmfaumif;oabmESifh? avmuudk
Am&mjynf x D ; eef ; ud k wyf r uf p d w f jzpf a y:ojzif h B uHvQifvnf;? ypöKyÜef tusdK;quf? pD;yGm;a&;ysufwwfonf/
BuH½G,fpdwful; ajymqdkjcif; jzpfygonf/ ]]&uf &ufa&ma&m? aus;Zl;rajrmf? tcGifhawmfvQif? udkifaomfaumvdkY?
awG;awmraxmuf? ayguaf ygu½f ½I ?I awEkid w
f v
hJ rl yS ?J a,bk,stm;? Bu½H ,
G f
ajymqdyk rkH mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf/ aqmifvdkY? atmifolom rsm;wwfw,f/ wpfyg;wnf; ydkifydkif? {u&mZf
( rsOf;om;jywJh pum;ajypmom;awGudk aocsmrSwfyg/ ) rif;crf;ESifh? xD;eef;udk xdkif&atmif? csKdifvdkufawmhrnfav[,f/}}
pum;ydk'f( 26 ) aus;Zl;½Sifudk rjypfrSm;oifhaMumif; qifjcifrdojzifh pum;ajy/ / ]][,f .. igonf a,mufsm;wd\ Yk owåjd zifh jywfjywf
awG;awm ajymqdkjcif;/ om;om; aqmif½u G of ifah yonf/ w&m;enf;vrf;uspmG vkyaf qmif
]]aMomf...igBuHwJhtcGifh? vrf;yef;jzifh oifhvSaygh?^^csifhcsifhEdIif;EdIif;? jyefvSef wwf o nf h ol a wmf a umif ; wd k Y \ oabmobm0ES i f h ,S O f í
axmufvdkY? a½SUaemufudk wdkif;vdkufvQif? ½dkif;EdkifrQtrI? igvpl wk;kH ? vlUtqHk;
udk? bkef;bk&m; olaumif;jyKvdkY? twkty? tdrfa½SUeef;quf? pnf;pdrfeuf
t&m&mwGif oufñmS rI rjyKoifah y/ xdo k o Ykd m oufnmS aeygu
ESi?hf jynfwpf0ufukd &ayw,f/^^teEÅaus;Zl;½Siu f ?kd odpYk if&ufpuf? cifyeG ;f rsuaf rSmufwiG f &½daS eonfh tcGit hf vrf;rsm; ysupf ;D acsa&mhrnf/
zsuv f ?Ykd 0ufpm;usi;f aumf? jyKacsaomf? awmfEidk rf ,f rxifygb;l av[,f}} xdUk aMumifh uk, d thf vdq k E´twdik ;f aemufweG Uf jcif;r½db S J vkyaf qmif
oifhonf/ aus;Zl;w&m;½dSonf[k axmufxm;jcif;r½dSbJ
pum;ajy/ / ]]ig\ tBuHtpnfrSm atmifjrif&ef tcGifhtvrf;
ay:vmonfh tcGifhtvrf;twdkif; trdt& qkyfudkifoifhonf/
oifv h oS nf/ odUk aomf csichf sichf sed cf sed jf zifh jyefveS af xmufxm; tyfay
odrYk o S m axmufxm;wGeUfqw k rf ½dS ayguaf yguf ajrmufajrmuf ayay
onf/ a½SUaemuf qifjcifwikd ;f xGmvdu k yf gu tvGe½f ikd ;f pdik ;f aom
awaw ZGwv f yk af qmifEikd af yrnf/ xdo k aYkd om olrsK;d twGuo f m
trIupd ö jzpfaeayonf/ iguo hJ Ykd vlt Y pGr;f tp aysmufu, G f um
trsm;tm;jzifh udk,fBuHpnfonfhtwdkif; atmifjrifrI &ayrnf/
tqHk;pGefa&mufatmif qif;&JrGJawoludk rif;BuD;u olaumif;
xdkYaMumifh igwpfyg;wnf; {u&mZfrif;yDyD a½TxD;a½Teef;udk
jyKcs;D ajrm§ ufcahJ yonf/ odaYk Mumifo h m rlv&ydik cf iG hf tppfr[kwaf om
pd k ; yd k i f & ef u d p ö t wG u f rif ; BuD ; \OD ; acgif ; ud k t&yd k i f ; jzwf
tdrfa½SUeef;arGqufcHcGifhESifhwuG tdrfa½SUrif; pnf;pdrfcsrf;omESifh
vdu k yf gawmhrnf/}}
wdkif;jynfwpf0ufudk ydkifcJhjcif;jzpfayonf/ þodkY ra&rwGuf
pum;pyf-
rwdik ;f qomatmif aus;Zl;jyKol rif;Bu;D udyk ifvQif roufrñSm
&ufpufpGmjyKusifh&ef BuHrdayonf/ xdkYaMumifh ightBuHrSm taqG
tcef;(5)]]O,smOf ]]O,smOf a wmf 0 ,f rif ; B u D;toufudk BuH½G,fcef;}}}}rS
cifyeG ;f usi0hf wfukd azmufzsu&f m a&mufayvdrrhf nf/ 0ufpm;usi;f
xkwEf w k cf suf jzpfygonf/
aumf jyKouJhodkY aus;Zl;uef;&mvnf; a&mufacsawmhrnf/
Am&mPoDjynf O,smOfawmf twGi;f üjzpfonf/ rif;Bu;D udk
oifah wmfrnfh udpö r[kwyf gacs/}}
vkyBf u&H eftawG;ESihf rjypfrmS ;oifah Mumif; qifjcifro d nfh tawG;wkUd
pum;pyf-
tm;NyKd iaf ecdu k 0f ,f tdraf ½SUrif; wpfu, kd wf nf; Bu½H , G f pdwu
f ;l onfh
pum;jzpfygonf/
]]O,smOfawmf0,f rif;BuD;toufudk BuH½G,fcef;}}}}rS
tcef;(5)]]O,smOf
aus;Zl ; w&m;ud k axmuf x m;qif j cif a evQif
rdrv d v kd m;onfh udpyö supf ;D wwfonf[k pdwu f ;l 0ifum xyfrH
Am&mPoD j ynf O,smOf a wmf twG i f ; üjzpf o nf /
BuH½G,fpdwful; ajymqdkjcif; jzpfygonf/
rif;Bu;D toufukd Bu½H , G rf pd Of tdraf ½SUrif; wpfu, kd w f nf; qifjcif
awG;awmonfh pum;jzpfygonf/
aus;Zl½iS f rif;Bu;D toufukd ½G,rf o d jzifh jyefvnfqifjcif ( rsOf;om;jywJh pum;ajypmom;awGudk aocsmrSwfyg/ )
awG;awm ajymqdkjcif; jzpfygonf/
( rsOf;om;jywJh pum;ajypmom;awGudk aocsmrSwfyg/ )

pum;yd k ' f ( 28 ) td r f a ½S U r if ; wpf u d k , f w nf ; qif j cif a wG ; awm pum;ydk'f( 29 ) tdrfa½SUrif;uvkyfBuH&ef wwd,tBudrfxyfrH pdwful;
ajymqd k a ompum; ay:onf h p um;
]]aBomf...rawmfvGef;aybl;? a½SUpGef;aemufp? qifjcifvdkY? qvdkufvQif? ]][,f..a,mufsm;? vljY ynfrsm;rSm?^ârsmufom; cHrk if? pm;aomuf
^^'ku©dwBuD;? txD;usefcJh? udk;&mrJh? pkwfyJh cRwfNcHK? iguJhodkY vlyHkudkyif? csirf if?h twGio
f mjyK? arsmufrsuEf mS ud?k bmtwGuf ½IawmhrvJ/ ausm;Zl;½Sif
Munf,Hk pdwfawmf? aemufa&;arQmfí? olawmfolaumif;? jrwfqkudk aom? ocifaom? raxmufrxm;? ayguw f ikd ;f pm;rS? trIomG ;acsmawmhr,f/
awmif;aywJh? bk&m;avmif; aus;Zl;½Sif u,fq,fwifvdkY? odkYpif BuD;vS? ^^'va[mrvGwf? MuufrcGyfovdk? ½Gyf½GyfcRHcRH? rBuHbJ ñSmvdkufvdkY?
tdrfa½SUOy&mZf? pnf;pdrfESpfudk? igpifppf &ayw,f/^^ b0ocif? tcgvGefvQif? udk,fh0efwpd? cGifhrawmf? udk,fay:rSm yda&mhr,f/ wdceJjzwf?
aus;Zl;½Sifudk? t½Sifrxm;? owfawmhrnfhtBuHESifh? usifhazmufjyef OD;cifatmif owfvdkufrS? wpfZmwfajymif;í? olaumif; jzpfawmhrnf
rSm;acsu? bk&m;udo k wfouJo h ?Ykd uyfurÇmteEÅwGif? rvGwf&tjrJ? t0Dpd av[,f/}}^^
atmufxyfrSm?csKd;uyfvdkY pJGa&mhr,f? i&JudkaMumuf? aus;Zl;udk
axmufNyD;vQif? qifjcifOD;rS? awmfcsnfhrav/}} pum;ajy/ / ]]igonf a,mufsm;om;yDyD xufjruf jywfom;pGm
tm;xkwfoifhvSonf/}}]]vlUjynfavmuwGif arsmufom;udk
pum;ajy/ / ]]aMomf ... ig\ tBut H pnfrmS .. roifah wmfveG ;f vSyg/ ESpv
f ckd rkH ifpmG pm;aomufcsio f w l o Ykd nf rdrt d vdk twdik ;f om a½S;½I
igb
h 0\ a½SUaemuftaMumif;pHw k u Ykd qkd ifjcifo;kH oyfMunfo h ifah yonf/ vkyfaqmifMuonf/ arsmufrsufESmudk axmuf½I pmemaejcif;
ighvdk BuD;rm;aom'ku©qif;&Jjzifh wpfudk,fwnf;tm;udk;rJhpGm? rjyKMuay/ xdUk twlyif ig\udpw ö iG v f nf; aus;Zl;½Sif jzpfonf?
edrfhuspGm cRwfNcHKus qif;&Jaeoludkyif rif;BuD;u ,HkMunfpdwf
b0ocif jzpfonf[lí axmufxm; wGufqjcif; jyKraeoifh
xm;cJhonf/ aemifa&;udk arQmfjrifpGm u,fwifcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
awmhay/}}]]ay:ayguo f nfh tcGit hf a&;udk t&trdcpH m; vkyaf qmif
olawmfaumif; jrwfqkyef bk&m;avmif; aus;Zl;½Sifrif;BuD;u
rSom trIudpöatmifjrifayrnf/ qEúdk twm;tqD; rxm;?
u,fq,f wifajrm§ ufco hJ jzifo
h m igonf þodv Yk Qif Bu;D jrwfvaS om
&onft h cGit hf a&;udt k vGwrf ay;bJ MuufrcGyo f uJo h Ykd ½Gy½f yG cf RcH RH
tdraf ½SUrif;&mxl;pnf;pdru f kd trSe{f uef&cJ\h / odyYk gvsuf b0ocif
vkyaf qmifoifv h o S nf/ þodUk rjyKbJ oufñmS rdNy;D tcgveG cf yhJ gvQif
aus;Zl;½Sirf if;Bu;D \ toufuykd ifvQif iJu h u G f axmufxm;jcif;
udk,hfwm0efom t&if;cHjzpfayrnf/ tcGifhta&; qHk;½HI;&jcif;
rjyKEikd b
f J owfrnf[Bk urH o d nf/ tusihf azmufjyefum jypfrmS ;
onfom ud, k tfh ay:rmS use½f aSd csa&mhrnf/}} ]] rif;Bu;D \ OD;acgi;f udk
rdacsygu bk&m;udo k wfonft h vm; ½daS csawmhrnf/ uyfurÇm
wdceJyikd ;f jzwfum vufO;D atmifowfvu kd rf o S m tdraf ½SUrif;b0rS
aygif;rsm;pGm ra&rwGufEdkifonfhwdkif rvGwfajrmufEdkifatmifyif
rif;Bu;D tjzpfoYkd wd;k wufajymif;vJ cHpm; pHpm;&ayawmhrnf/}}
t0Dpid &Jatmufq;kH xyfü csK;d uyfovdk pGaJ eaya&mhrnf/ þodaYk om
pum;pyf-
i&Jab;udk aMumufveft Y yfayonf/ aus;Zl;w&m; ½So d nfuv kd nf;
axmufxm;tyfayonf/ þodkUvQif qifjcifaxmufxm;rS
tcef;(5)]]O,smOf
oifah wmfayvdrrhf nf}}
pum;pyf-
Am&mPoDjynf O,smOfawmf twGi;f üjzpfonf/ O',rif;
pufaysmfaepOf rif;BuD;udk vkyfBuH&ef csw D ckH swkH jzpfae cdkuf0,f
tcef;(5)]]O,smOf
tdraf ½SUrif; wpfu, kd w
f nf;Bu½H , G f awG;awmonfh pum;jzpfygonf/
avmuwGif {u&mZf xD;eef; ydik pf ;kd vdo k nfh avmbpdwf
Am&mPoD j ynf O,smOf a wmf twG i f ; üjzpf o nf /
rukeaf o;ojzifh vd&k mqGaJ wG;um xyfrBH u½H , G pf wd u
f ;l ajymqdjk cif;
O',rif;udk owf&ef xyfrBH u½H , G rf pd Of tdraf ½SUrif; wpfu, kd w
f nf;
jzpfygonf/
qifjcifawG;awmonfh pum;jzpfygonf/
aus;Zl ½ S i f u d k jypf r S m ;u i&J v m;rnf h t aMumif ; ( rsOf;om;jywJh pum;ajypmom;awGudk aocsmrSwfyg/ )
owdw&m; 0ifojzifh jyefvnfqifjcif awG;awm ajymqdkjcif;
jzpfygonf/
( rsOf;om;jywJh pum;ajypmom;awGudk aocsmrSwfyg/ )

Q
pum;ydk'f(30) tdrfa½SUrif;u owdw&m;&um ajymonfhpum; ]]aph p yf a ocsmpG m pd p pf v d k u f a omtcg a½S U a emuf
]][mraumif;bl;? pdwfrul;ESifh? aus;Zl;BuD;rm;? pifMu,foefY½Sif;? tjzpftysupf kH wdu Yk kd jyefvnfjrifa,mif atmufarhro d nf/ xdo k Ykd
tjypfuif;wJ?h rif;wum;/ w&m;raxmuf? ysuaf csm, f iG ;f yg;? pif;vH;k cRwf jzpf y suf o rQ u d k qif j cif r d v d k u f í xd w f v ef Y a Mumuf ½ G U H u m
BuHrdjim;vQif? rSm;vdkYom? arSmufua&mhrnf/ pdwfaemufudk,fyg rjyKom? Muufo;D rsm;yifxrdonf/ pdwyf ikd ;f jzwfvu kd yf gNy/D aemufxyf
wdkif;xGmOD;rS aumif;rav/}}
rBupH nfvakd wmhyg/ oH;k Burd w f ikd w
f ikd f owf&ef BurH o d nft h jzpfuykd if
pum;ajy/ /]][m... ig\ tBuHrSm roifhawmfacs/ ,lusK;H r& jzpfae&ygNy/D þodrYk mS ;rdonfh rdrt d jypfwu Ykd kd rif;Bu;D xH
aemufxyf pdwrf ul;oifah wmhay/ rif;Bu;D \ aus;Zl;rSm igt h ay: ½d;k ajzmifph mG zGi[ hf oifv h oS nf/ rmefrme wnf;[laom axmifvmT ;
vGefpGm BuD;rm;vSonf/ rif;BuD;onf pifMu,foefY½Sif;vSol? pdww f uYkd kd csK;d ESrd u
f m rif;Bu;D udk tomt,mEd;I í ½dcS ;kd awmif;yef
tjypf u if ; ol rif ; jrwf w pf y g; jzpf a yonf / apmif h x d e f ; &acsawmhrnf/}}
vd k u f e mtyf o nf h usif h 0 wf w d k Y u d k axmuf x m;jcif ; r½S d b J pum;pyf-
azmuf z suf u sK;vG e f r d v Qif trS m ;BuD ; rS m ;&ayvd r f h r nf / ay;xm;onfh pum;yd'k o f nf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf?
tvdq k E´twdik ;f rjyKoif/h qifjcifwikd ;f xGmoifv h aS yonf/}} tcef;(5)]]O,smOfawmf0,f rif;BuD;toufudk BuH½G,fcef;}}rS
pum;pyf- xkwEf w k cf suf jzpfygonf/
ay;xm;onfh pum;yd'k o f nf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf? Am&mPoDjynf O,smOfawmftwGif;ü rdrdtrSm;udk
tcef;(5)]]O,smOfawmf0,f rif;BuD;toufudk BuH½G,fcef;}}rS owd 0 if q if j cif N yD ; aemuf w G i f td r f a ½S U r if ; wpf u d k , f w nf ;
xkwEf w k cf suf jzpfygonf/ idak <u;ajymqdak ompum; jzpfygonf/
Am&mPoD j ynf O,smOf a wmf t wG i f ; ü jzpf o nf / aus;Zl;½Siftay: jypfrSm;BuH½G,frdonfudk ,lusKH;r&
rif;Bu;D udk owf&ef csw D ckH swkH jzpfaepOftrd af ½SUrif;wpfu, kd w
f nf; jzpfum idak <u;ajymqdjk cif; jzpfygonf/
qifjcifawG; awmqHk;jzwfvdkufonfh pum;jzpfygonf/ ajymqdyk rkH mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf/
rd r d r S m ;,G i f ; yH k u d k tod w &m;0if N yD j zpf a omaMumif h ( tav;ay;rSwfom;yg )
aus;Zl;½Siu f kd rjypfrmS ; oifah Mumif; qH;k jzwfajymqdjk cif;jzpfonf/
qH;k jzwfajymqdyk rkH mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf/
( ar;xm;oavmufudkom pumajyjyef ½Sif;jyay;yg/ ) O,smOfawmfwiG f rif;Bu;D toufukd Bu½H ,
G cf ef;Zmwfuu
G f rS tvuFmrsm;
48/ jrauaoQmif(½lyu)
tdrfa½SUrif; aemifw& awmif;yefcef;ZmwfuGuf ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rif;BuD;\ qHauom aumif;vS
pum;ydk'f(31) tdrfa½SUrif; owd0Ha0*& idka<u;ajymqdkonfhpum; yHkudk &nfnTef;ol tdraf ½SUrif;\ pum;ü oH;k xm;ygonf/
idk/ ]]tr,fr,frif;? cRwf,Gif;wdrf;yg;? pif;vHk;cRwf rSm;ayhg[Jh/ pd r f ; vJ h euf a rS m if o nf h *k P f & nf w l t jzpf
f ;kH awmfjzLygw?hJ ZrÁLvH;k ocif? aus;Zl;ocif? aus;Zl;&ifu?kd jrausmuf(tEdiI ;f )ESihf aoQmifx;kH (tEdiI ;f cH)wdu
bk&m;wpfq?l ESpv Yk kd tEdiI ;f xyfwjl yKxm;
t½Sifvwfvwf? oefvsufESifh jzwfr,fvdkY? rtyfr&m? BuHrdcsufu,fESifh? aomaMumifh ½lyutvuFmajrmufygonf/
yufpuf½Smavw,f/}}]] pdwfjzmaphaph? aemufESifh a½SUudk? atmufarhvdkuf
u? ighjzpfcsufudk MuoD;xygbd? pdwfcsaygh wpfcg? rBuHygbl;? oHk;cgvHk;vHk;? 49/ ywfww d v f Ukd yed ;f (0uF0w k )då
,lusKH;r&? rSm;rdwJh udpöudk? bkef;bk&m;xH? oabm½dk; jyefNyD;vQif? ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rif;BuD;udk vkyfBuHvdkufvQif
rmefpG,fudkcsKd;? tomEdI;? ½Sdcdk;awmif;yef&awmhrav/}} xD ; eef ; ud k Nyd K if b uf r ½S d pd k ; yd k i f & awmh r nf [ k BuH K ;0g;onf h
pum;ajy/ /]]tr,frif; ....? igonf tBuH vGJrSm;wdrf;acsmfum tdrfa½SYrif;\........./
vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm;rSm;rdacsNyD/ bk&m;wpfqt l vm; MunfnKd tyfol ]vH0k Ny;D jywf txajrmufomG ;rnf}[k wku d ½f ukd rf qdb k J
pd w f E S v H k ; jzLpif v S o l ZrÁ L 'D y guRef ; vH k ; \ t½S i f o cif j zpf o l ]ywfww d vf yYkd ed ;f }[k oG,0f u kd f zGUJ qx
kd m;aomaMumifh 0uF0w k .då ......../
aus;Zl;½Sifjzpfol rif;BuD;udkjypfrSm;rdacsNyD/ oufxif½Sm;½dSol
50/ 0ufpm;usif;aumf(0uF0kwåd)
rif;BuD;udk oefvsufESifhjzwfrnf[k BuHrdygonf/ravsmfuef
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif aus;Zl;½Sif ocifrif;BuD;udk
aomtBuHudk BuHrdjcif;jzpfonf/ ighpdwful;wdkYrSm yufpuf
rjypfrmS ;oih[ f k qifjcifro d l tdraf ½Srh if;pum;wGif oH;k xm;ygonf/
,kwn f v hH eG ;f vSonf/}}
]aus;Zl;uef;jyKrlonf}[kwdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]]0ufpm; 56/ rmefpG,fudkcsdK;( 0uF0kwåd )
usif ; aumf } }[k oG , f 0 d k u f a &;zJ G U xm;aomaMumif h ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rif;Bu;D toufukd Bu½H , G rf o
d nfh
0uF0kwåd................./ tjypftwGuf ½Scd ;kd awmif;yefoifah Mumif; qifjcifonfh tdraf ½Srif;\
51/ bk&m;udk owfouJo h Ukd (Oyrm) pum;tjzpfo;kH xm;ygonf/
]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f ol a wmf a umif ; rif ; BuD ; ud k ab;jyKvo kd nfh oabmqE´wUkd ukd csKd ;ESrd af jzazsmufonf
owfrdvQif tjypfBuD;av;vSaMumif; tdrfa½SUrif; awG;awm [k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]rmefpG,fudkcsdK;}[k oG,f0dkufa&;zJGUxm;
qifjcifonfh pum;ü................./ aomaMumifh 0uF0w k t då vuFmajrmufygonf/
rif;Bu;D udk owfrv d sS if cHpm;&rnfh tjypf'Pf(tEdiI ;f cH)udk 57/ ZrÁLvYHk;ocif (0uF0kwåd) (]ZrÁLoeif;^-vHk;ewfâ½Teef;oeif;^-
bk & m;ud k vk y f B uH v Q i f cH p m;&rnf h t jypf ' Pf (tEd I i f ; )ES i f h uRef;vHk;½Sif^} awGrSm ]vHk;ewf} u a&onfr pum;/ ZrÁLpdk;&eef½SifhuReu f
tjypfBu;D av; yH*k P k &f nfwt l jzpf..../ awmif o l B u D ; xJ u )
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rif;Bu;D aus;Zl;udk &nfneT ;f um
52/ trIomG ;acsm(0uF0w k då ) ,lusKH ;r& ajymqdo k nfh tdraf ½SUrif;\ idak <u;pum;ü oH;k xm;ygonf/
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif xD;eef;odrf;&ef tNyD;wdkif Am&mPoD\ t½Sifocif O',rif;BuD;[k wkduf½dkuf
Bu½H ,
G o f nfh tdraf ½SUrif;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ rqdb
k J ]ZrLÁv;kH o h cif} [k.................../
rdrtd vkq d E´twdik ;f twm;tqD;r½Sd Ny;D ajrmufaprnf[k
wku
d ½f u
kd rf qdbk J ]trIomG ;acsmawmhr,f}[k oG,0f u kd f zJUG qx
kd m;.../
53/ MuufrcGyo f vd(k Oyrm) pum;ydk'f(32) tdrfa½SUrif;owdoHa0*& awmif;yefonfhpum;
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif xD;eef;odrf;&ef tNyD;wdkif rif;BuD;udk wif&ef/ ]]/aAm"dqk,l? oabmawmf jzLvSonfh? ZrÁLuRef;vHk;
Bu½H ,G o f nfh tdraf ½SUrif;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ ½Sifbk&m;/uRefawmfrsKd;onf? rJG½dk;ru? rJGawvSwJh? 'ku©dwtaumif?
aemufrwGepYf wrf; vkyaf qmify(kH tEdiI ;f cH)udk Muufom; ½l;aMumifaMumifudk? a½TawmifBuD;ocif? jrwf&mudkwifaomMumifh?
tk y f r u &ef j yKol u d k umuG , f y H k ( tEd I i f ; )ES i f h &J & J w if ; wif ; od kYpiftxl;? tdyfrufwGifrS rjrifzl;wJh? aus;Zl;BuD;vS tdrfa½SUt&m?
rif;csr;f omud?k pdwv f &kd m &ayw,f/^^ rp cs;D yif?h &mxl;jriS w
hf ?hJ xrif;ocif?
rwGerYf qkwjf yKyckH si;f cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;ojzifh OyrmtvuFm......../ aus;Zl;½Sifudk? okwfoifowfjzwf? jynfudkydkif;eif;? wpfyg;csif;?
54/ csdK;uyfvdkY pGJ(0uF0kwåd ) rif;wHqdyfcwfr,fvdkY? rtyfr&m? oHk;Budrfwdwd? avmbNidí? BuHrdwmudk?
xGwfcsmbkef;vQH? uRefYxdyfyef? onf;cHawmfrlyg^^ a½Teef;½Sifbk&m;/}}
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif olawmfaumif; jrwfqkyef
rif;BuD;udk owfrdvQif tjypfBuD;av;vSaMumif; qifjcifonfh pum;ajy/ / ]]uRef a wmf r sKd ; onf tvG e f q if ; &J r G J a wum
tdraf ½S.Y rif;\ pum;wGif oH;k xm;ygonf/ ud,k pf rG ;f tm;? ÓmPfprG ;f tm; csKUdwNhJ y;D ½l;aMumifaMumifyifjzpfaeol[k
t0Dpd i&JwGif rvGwfwrf; wm½Snf cHpm;&rnf[k qd&k avmufygonf/ a½Teef;ocifrif;Bu;D u u,fq,fí jrifjh rwf&m
wduk ½f u kd f rqdb kd af &;zJUG xm;aomaMumifh wifcJhojzifhom þodkYaom xl;jcm;rGefjrwfvSonfh b0odkY
k ]J csKd ;uyfvpYkd }JG [k oG,0f u
0uF0w k t då vuFm ajrmufygonf/ a&muf&onf/ tdyrf ufüyifvQif rjrif rufz;l onfh tusK;d aus;Zl;
BuD;rm;vSonfh tdrfa½SUrif;&mxl;ESifh pnf;pdrf csrf;omrIudk
55/ rmefpG,f( ½lyu ) ( rmefrD;cJ - tEkynmonf\tm;rmef? &efrD;^ pdww f ikd ;f us cHpm;&½dScJhjcif; jzpfygonf/}}
&efnGefY - awmifolBuD;? avmifpm&efNidK; - aomEkwå&rkqdk;.. *½kjyKyg/ )
]]þodkY rpcsD;ajr§mufum &mxl;pnf;pdrfay;tyfcJhol?
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rif;Bu;D \toufukd Bu½H , G rf od nfh toufocif xrif;½Sif aus;Zl;½Sifjzpfol rif;BuD;udk okwfoif
tjypftwGuf ½Scd ;kd awmif;yefoifah Mumif; qifjcifonfh tdraf ½Srif;\ owf j zwf N yD ; ? wd k i f ; jynf u d k & ,l u m wpf y g;wnf ; tk y f c sKyf
pum;wGif oH;k xm;ygonf/ rif;vkyfypfvdkufrnf[lí ravsmfuefonfh tawG;jzifh oHk;Budrf
ab;jzpfapyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpfrmefrme(tEdIif;cH)ESifh wdkifwdkif avmbwufNyD; BuHpnfrdcJhygonf/ txGwftjrwf
tpG,fvufeuf(tEdIif; )wdkUudk tEdIif;xyfwljyKxm;aomaMumifh bkef;wefcdk;½Sifrif;BuD;u uRefawmfrsKd; OD;xdyfyef avQmuf
½lyutvuFmajrmufygonf/ wifonft h ay: onf;cHciG v hf w
T yf gb&k m;/}}
pum;pyf- ]]wd k i f ; jynf \ tBuD ; tuJ t m;xm;&m jzpf o l
ay;xm;onfh pum;yd'k o f nf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf? tvH;k pHok jd rif tyfaom bk&m;ÓmPfynm&&ef tm;xkwo f l igb&k if
tcef;(5)]]O,smOfawmf0,f rif;BuD;toufudk BuH½G,fcef;}}rS rif;jrwfuykd if toufq;kH atmif owfum wdik ;f jynfukd t&,laezdYk
xkwEf wk cf suf jzpfygonf/ vdkygOD;rnfvm;/ oifvHk;0 ydkifqdkifvdkonfqdkvQif y[dk&fpnf?
Am&mPoD j ynf O,smOf a wmf t wG i f ; üjzpf o nf / xD;eef;ESihf wuG wpfwikd ;f jynf vH;k udk &ufrqdik ;f tcsed rf qGb J J
rdrrd aumif;pdwf twGuf ,lusK;H r& jzpfNy;D aemuf tdraf ½SUrif;u ,aeYord ;f jref; tkypf ;kd ygav/ rmefrme pdww f uYkd kd aysmufatmif
rif;Bu;D xH tjypf0efcH avQmufwifjcif; jzpfygonf/ rdrd trSm;udk azsmufNyD; armifrif;\ vufaxmuf? vufatmuf i,fom;
zGi[
hf awmif;yef today;vdo k jzifh avQmufwif&jcif; jzpfygonf/ ae&mxm;&m ap&mrSyif cpm;0Hyh gonf tdraf ½SUarmifi,f/}}
avQmufwifajymqdyk rkH mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf/ pum;pyf-
( ar;xm;oavmufudkom pumajyjyef ½Sif;jyay;yg/ ) ay;xm;onfh pum;yd'k o f nf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf?
tcef;(5)]]O,smOfawmf0,f rif;BuD;toufudk BuH½G,fcef;}}rS
pum;ydk'f(33) tdrfa½SUrif; awmif;yefonfudk rif;BuD;cGifhvTwfpum; xkwEf w k cf suf jzpfygonf/
]]rif;BuD;qdk/ Am&matmifcef;? jynfwpfjcrf;udk? odrf;jref;pdk;rSL;? orÇmxl; Am&mPoD j ynf O,smOf a wmf t wG i f ; ü jzpf o nf /
onf?h uGefYjrL;bkef;a&mif? tdfrfa½SUarmif/^â½Tawmifeef;zGm;? EG,frjym;wJh? tjypf 0 ef c H awmif ; yef a vQmuf w if v mpOf td r f a &S U r if ; ud k
nDom;{uef? r[kwrf eS v f su?f wpf&aH wGUv?l rqdik o
f u
l ?kd MunfjzL jrwfav;?
xD;pnfMuiSef;? jynfwpfjcrf;ESifh? rif;crf;udk ay;ao;onf/^âus;Zl;ocif?
O',rif;BuD;u rdefYonfhpum; jzpfygonf/
igbk&ifudk? vkvif rjypfrSm;oifhbl;/^ôlwpfxl;u?ysHUysL;omanmif;? tjypfudkonf;cHcGifhvTwfEdkifaMumif;ESifh rdrdcH,lcsuf
vdkíawmif;vQif? OD;acgif;awmfjrwf? jynfhOuúXfudk? jzwfí{uef? igvSLrnf/ oabmxm;udk today;vdo k jzifh rdeUf q&kd jcif; jzpfygonf/
bkef;pnfoeif;? igonfhrif;\ &ifwGif;onf;csyf? raem"mwfudk? rdeq
Yf ykd rkH mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf/
jzwfíay;yg? awmif;ol vmcJhap? rsufESmrEGrf;? &ifawmfudkjcrf;NyD;vQif?
(ar;xm;oavmufudk ½Sif;jyay;yg/)
cdswfyef;aoG;½Sif? a½T&ifcsyfudk? jzwfumxGif? vsifvsif igvSL'gef;0Hhonf/
^â½TjynfBuD;ewf?bk&m;ynm? &aMumif;½SmwJh? igrif;jrwfuyJ?
owfítqHk;?,l&OD;rvm;/ vHk;vHk;ydkifvdk? tarmifqdkvQif? y[dk&fxD;pnf? pum;ydk'f(34) tdrfa½SUrif; oHa0*&aMumif; avQmufwif pum;
wdkif;ygjynfudk? r½Snf&ufcsdef;? ,aeYodrf;í? tkyfxdef;tarmif? pHavawmh/
tdrfa½SYrif;qdk/ / ]]oHomurf;&yf? ul;ajrmufcyfí? jrwfeAd mÁ efjynf?
^^pdwaf vQmh rmefaysmuf? armifrif;atmufu? vufaxmufi,fom;? igu h ykd if
pdk;tHh&nfonf? bkef;pnf xdyfacgifwifbk&m;/ / uRefawmfrsKd;onf?
xm;ygawmh? cpm;0HhygiJh? tdrfa½SYarmifi,f/}}
udk;XmebHk? avmu oHk;jzm? owå0gwdkY? wPSmcsKH[k? umr*kPf ig;&yf?
pum;ajy/ / ]]oifonf a½Teef;awmftwGif;arG;zGm;BuD;jyif;ol? Oy'á0g? opfMum;aygwJhawmajrmifcsyfrSm? csOf;uyfvGefvGefY?rae0HhNyDbl;/
rif;½d;k eef;rsK;d quftEG,0f iforl [kwcf ahJ y/ ig\ nDom;awmfpyfol ]]av;uRef;OuúXf? rif;rE¨wfonf ewfwdkYpnf;pdrf? wm0wðudk? a'0defjrwf
vnf; r[kwyf g/ odyYk gvsuEf iS hf wpfBurd rf Qom awGUqBkH uKH BuKd u&f Ny;D av;?wpf0ufay;vkdYrS? ay;&mwGifr&yf? odMum;ewfudk? owfí,lrnf?
uREk f y f E S i f h quf p yf y wf o uf j cif ; r½d S o l oif h u d k Munf j zLpG m tukefrSL;csifvdkY? BuHKzl;onf/}} ]]atmufjynfe&uf? onfuwufí?
b0*fwdkifatmif?wPSmavmb? us,fajymvSwJh? b0abmifudk? ykyfa[mif
tav;tjrwf xm;cJyh gonf/ xD;eef;pnf;pdrEf iS hf wdik ;f jynf wpf0ufukd eHñSD? ESvHk;aemufvdkY? aMumufvSNyD/}}]]avmuDtm½Hk? umr*kPfrSm? yHkOya'?
rif;crf;rif;em; ESiw hf uG ay;cJyh gao;onf/}} uswfwGif;a&okdY? aomufavaomufav? iwfrajybl;? at;axGraemuf?
]]oift h ay: aus;Zl;jyKco hJ l igb&k ifukd toifvv k if rjypfrmS ; oifyh g/ av;r*fa&udk? ½SmazGvdkYaomuf&rS? 0rf;ajrmuf½TifNyHK;? a&iwfpwHk;
wpfpw kH pfa,mufuyifjzpfap om,majy jypfysLiSm aom EIwpf um; awmhr,f/}}]]bkef;bk&m;pnf;pdrf? bHkMuiSef;ESifh? eef;a½Ttdrfudk?
jzifh tvd½k aSd Mumif; awmif;cHvmvQiyf if wdik ;f jynf\ OD;pD;acgi;f aqmif BudK;vdrfxl;ywf? axmifwef;avmuf rSwfNyDrdkY? rjrwfEdk;csif/ vufiif;ckyif?
[k q d k t yf a om ig\OD ; acgif ; awmf j rwf u d k trS e f jzwf í avQmfawvJvdkY? NrdKifxJodkY0ifygawmhrnf? xdyfwifrif;rsm;aemifbk&m;/}}
igvSL'gef;0Hhygonf/ bkef;uH½Sif igbk&ifrif;jrwf\ &ifwGif;½dS pum;ajy/ / ]]uRefawmfrsKd;onf bHk (9)yg;wnf&mt&yfudk
tonf;ESvHk;wdkYudk jzwfíay;yg[k awmif;cHol½dSvmvQifvnf; vnf;aumif; vl? ewf? jA[®mwd\
Yk wnf&mavmuudv k nf;aumif;
rsufESmrEGrf;bJ &ifudkcGJum aoG;jcif;jcif; yef;xGufaepOfrSmyif rcifwG,fvdkawmhyg/ avmuwdkif;wGif tm½Hkig;yg;wdkYtay:
jzwfum? xGifum rMuefYMumapbJ vsifjrefpGm igvSL'gef;0Hhygonf/}} pJGvrf;wyfrufrdonfESifh vdktifqE´rsm; &pfywfaESmifzGJUrdum
tcsed rf a½G; ab;awGUrnfh tEÅ&m,f½aSd eygonf/ opf?usm;ponfh pum;ydk'f(35)/ / ]rif;BuD;u tdrfa½SUrif;udk csD;usL;pum;
awmaumifrsm;ayg&m awm? awmif? ajrmif? csyt f wGi;f aexdik f rif;Bu;D qd/k / ]]Oy&mZf[?k qkopfNraJ ESmif? orÇma<uUw?hJ tdraf ½SU
oGm;vm&onfhtvm; ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;vSygonf/ xdkYaMumifh armifi,f/ ^^vlaY bmifavmu? wPSm0efu?kd aMumuf½UHG víS ?
qufvufusiv f nf&ef r0Hah wmhyg/}} 'kut © pH?k xdwk PSmud?k b,m½Ivsu?f ,ckpw d cf s? edur© jzif?h
]]av;uRe;f vH;k udyk if tpd;k &Bu;D uJol pMu0aw;rif; udpNö y;D ap? BuyH acsí? rSeaf yorQ? jrwf&mqki,fr?Ykd om"kac:oihf
rE¨mwfonf ewfpnf;pdrcf sr;f om½d&S m wm0wðomudk odMum;rif;u vSayonf/}}^^]]vljY ynfüjzpf? pnf;pdrEf pS u f ?kd ,pfoo l mrsm;?
xuf0uf cGíJ ay;vmonfw h ikd f auseyfEikd jf cif;r½dcS /hJ odMum;rif;udk owdtm;jzif?h w&m;ydu k o f ?l ½Sm;oolaMumif?h yGm;,l jA[®mpd&k ?f
owfum tvH;k pHk &,lrnf[íl Bu½H , G cf zhJ ;l ygonf/ uReaf wmfrsK;d oabmud, k Ef iS ?hf awmcdrk nfu
h pd u
ö ?kd w0wnf; cGiahf wmfomvdu k u
f ?hJ
jzpfyHkESifh yrmnDvSygonf/ xdkYaMumifh atmufbHki&Jt&yfrS ^^ jrwf&modYk vSr;f avawmh? tdraf ½SUarmifi,f/}}
txufb0*fwdkifatmif ae&mwdkif;ü pGJvrf; wyfrufrIwPSm pum;ajy/ /]]vlUabmifavmu½Sd wyfrufpv JG ef;rIaMumifh jzpf&onfh
avmbwdu Yk om zH;k vTr;f aeawmhonf/ þodaYk om bHak vmu 0efxyk 0f efy;kd 'Pf cH&rnfukd aMumuf½UHG pw d jf zpfro
d ?l qif;&Jjcif;rsK;d
b0e,fy,fBuD;wpf&yfvHk;udkqef;ppfMunfhvdkuf&m tykyfeHY? pHjk zpfapaom xdw k PSmab;\ tEÅ&m,fukd odjrifvsu½f o Sd l tdraf ½SU
tñSDeHYrsm;ozG,f cHpm;rdonf/ ESvHk;aemufusdum xdwfvefY armif i ,f / }} ]],ck u J h o d k Y awmxG u f w &m;usih f r nf [ k
aMumuf½UG jH cif; jzpfvyS gonf/}} pdwq f ;kH jzwfvsuf oHo&mqif;&Juif;&m c&D;vrf;udk tNy;D ta&muf
]]avmuD t m½H k i g;yg;wd k Y ü ES p f o uf p G J v rf ; rd vSr;f &ef Buo f efoifjh rwfvaS yonf/ rGejf rwfvaS om
H nfrmS avsmu
onf h t jzpf o nf yH k a qmif & vQ i f uswf w G i f ; qm;ief a &ud k tusKd ; &v'f jzpf í 0rf ; ajrmuf om"k a c:oif h v S a yonf / }}
rS0D rJ o
d nfth vm; aomufavwdik ;f a&iwfrajyatmif jzpf&onfEiS hf ]]vlUavmuwGifjzpfaom pnf;pdrf csrf;om tm½HkwdkYü aysmfarGU
wlvo S nf/ raemufrusd at;jrMunfvifvaS om a&[k qdt k yfonfh ,pfrl;aeolom rsm;Muonf/ owdw&m;xm;um w&m;&
onfo h rl sKk ;d ½Sm;yg;vSygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh jA[®p&kd f w&m; oabmudk
r*fav;yg;wnf;[laom w&m;a&at;udk usif h B uH ½ S m azG
yGm;rsm;qifjcifum eef;pnfpdrfpGefYvsuf awmxGuf w&m;½SmrSD;
tm;xkwfavrSom auseyf ESpfodrfh 0rf;ajrmufjcif;jzpfum
rnft h a&;udk vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm; cGiahf y;vdu k yf gonf/ jrifjh rwf&m
vdt k ifqE´wUkd csKyNf ird ;f at;csr;f ygrnf/}}
vrf;qDoo Ykd m <ujref;ygavawmh tdraf ½SUarmifi,f/}}
]]bke;f Bu;D onfh t½Sirf if;Bu;D vTt J yfvmaom xD;eef;
pnf;pdrf pHa½TtdrfwdkYudk vufcHzdkYrSm BudK;? xl;rsm; csnfaESmif
pum;pyf-
cH&onft h vm; tcsKycf ef;? axmifwef;wGif aESmifzUJG cx H m;&onfh
ay;xm;onfh pum;yd'k o f nf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf?
tvm; xifrSwfrdNyDjzpfí rESpfouf vdkawmhyg/ vufiif;,ck
tcef;(5) ]]tdraf ½SUrif; owdoaH 0*& awmxGucf ef;}}rS xkwEf w k cf suf
csufcsif;yif avQmfawouFef;½Hkvsuf awmNrdKif t&yfodkYcdkrSD;um
jzpfygonf/
w&m;tm;xkwyf gawmhrnf/ rif;taygi;f wd\ Yk tBu;D trSL;t&m
Am&mPoDjynf O,smOfawmftwGi;f üjzpfonf awmxGuf
OD;xdyfxm;&ygaom a½Teef;½Sif bk&m;/}}
awmh r nf h taMumif ; wif a vQ m uf v monf w G i f rif ; BuD ; u
pum;pyf-
tdraf ½SUrif;udk rdeUf qo
kd nfh pum;jzpfygonf/
tdraf ½SUrif; wifavQmufvmonfh awmxGurf nfu h pd u ö kd
tcef;(5) ]]tdrfa½SUrif; owdoHa0* &cef;}}rS xkwfEkwfcsuf
ESpo
f uf0rf;ajrmufvo S jzifh a0zef rdeqYf jkd cif;jzpfonf/
jzpfygonf/
rif;Bu;D rdeq Yf ykd rkH mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf/
Am&mPoDjynf O,smOfawmftwGi;f üjzpfonf/ rdrt d m;
( pum;ajy jyefa&;xm;wmudk aocsm avhvmyg/ )
tjypfcGifhvTwfum wdkif;jynfvTJtyfvmpOfwGif tdrfa½SUrif;u
rif;Bu;D xH jyefvnf wifavQmufonfh pum;jzpfygonf/
owdoHa0*&um awmxGuf&ef qHk;jzwfNyD;aMumif;
today; vdík avQmufwifjcif; jzpfonf/
(avQmufwifyHkudk ay;xm;oavmuf ½Sif;jyay;&ygr,f/)

tdrfa½SUrif;awmif;yefcef;? owdoHa0*&cef;? rS tvuFmrsm; 64/ oHomurf;&yf(0uF0kwåd)
58/ ZrÁLuRe;f vH;k ½Si(f 0uF0w k )då ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif O',rif;Bu;D &nf½, G q f yk efxm;
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif tjypf0efcHavSsmufwifonfh onfh edAÁmefcsrf;omudk &nfnTef;í tdrfa½SUrif;\ pum;tjzpf
tdraf ½SUrif;\ pum;ü rif;Bu;D udk &nfneT ;f í oH;k xm;ygonf/ oH;k xm;ygonf/
Am&mPoD\ t½Sio f cif O',rif;Bu;D [k wku d ½f ukd rf qdbk J edAmÁ ef[k wduk ½f u kd rf qdb
k J oHomurf;&yf (oHo&m\
]ZrÁLuRe;f vH;k ½Si}f [k oG,0f ukd zf UGJ qx
kd m;........./ c&D;qHk; wpfzufurf;t&yf)[k oG,f0dkufzJGUqdkxm;aomaMumifh
59/ a½TawmifBu;D ocif(0uF0w k )då (]aiGawmifBu;D ocif cifrvif}vnf;&S)d 0uF0w k då tvuFmajrmufygonf/
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif tjypf0efcHavSsmufwifonfh 65/ wPSmcsKH (½lyu) ( avmuoH;k jzm? owå0gw?Ykd wPSmcsKH [?k umr*kPf
tdraf ½SUrif;\ pum;ü rif;Bu;D udk &nfneT ;f í oH;k xm;ygonf/ ig;&yf? Oy'á0g? opfusm;aygwJh awmajrmifcsyfrSm..)
Am&mPoD\ t½Sifocif O',rif;BuD;[k wkduf½dkuf ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif avmuDumr*kPf\ tjypfudk
rqdb k J ]a½TawmifBu;D ocif}[k oG,0f u kd zf UGJ qx
kd m;................/ azmfnTef; ajymqdkonfh tdraf ½SUrif;\ pum;ü oHk;xm;ygonf/
60/ rif;wHqyd cf wf (0uF0w k )då wPSm(tEdIif;cH)ESifh csHK(tEdIif;)wdkU\ zJGUaESmifydwfqdkY?
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGifwGif rSm;,Gif;pGmBuHrdaMumif; taES m if
t
h ,S ujf yK qd;k usKd ;ay;wwfykH *kP&f nfwcl si;f ............/
rdrtd jypfukd zGi[ hf onfh tdraf ½SUrif;pum;wGif oH;k xm;ygonf/ 66/ av;r*fa& (½lyu)
xD ; eef ; ud k t&BuH o nf [ k wk d u f ½ d k u f r qd k b J ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif Nidrf;at;rSKay;&m r*fw&m;\
]rif;wHqdyfcwf}[k oG,f0dkufzJGUqdkxm;................/ aus;Zl;udk azmfñeT ;f onfh tdraf ½SUrif;\ pum;wGif oH;k xm;ygonf/
61/ raem"mwf (0uF0kwåd) Nidrf;at;rIay;pGrf;EdkifyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf r*fav;yg;
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif tjypfciG v fh w
T u
f m tonf;ESv;kH w&m;(tEd i
I ;f cH)ESihf a&at;(tEdiI ;f )wdUk ukd xyfwjl yKxm;ojzif.h .../
udyk if pGeUf vLS Edik af Mumif; rdeo
Yf nfh O',rif;\ pum;ü .........../ 67/ usww f iG ;f a&odUk (Oyrm)
ESv;kH om;[k wku d ½f u
kd rf qdb
k J ]raem"mwf}[k .........../ ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif avmuDtm½kHwdkU\ tjypfudk
62/ csyd yf ef;aoG;½Sif (½lyu) &nfñeT ;f onfh tdraf ½SUrif;\ pum;ü oH;k xm;ygonf/
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif tonf;ESv;kH udyk if jzwfxiG u f m umr*kPftm½Hk(tEdIif;cH)udk uswfwGif;qm;iefa&
vSLEdik af Mumif; rdeUf onfh O',rif;\pum;wGif oH;k xm;ygonf/ (tEdiI ;f )ESihf rS0D o
J w
l iG f a&mif&h rJ t
I usK;d udk ray;pGr;f Ekid yf kH *kP&f nfwl
eD n d K aomtqif ; a&mif ½ S d y H k *k P f & nf c sif ; wl o nf h tjzpf cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;aomaMumifh OyrmtvuFm......../
csyd yf ef;(tEdiI ;f )ESihf aoG;( tEdiI ;f cH)wdUk ukd xyfwjl yKxm;............/ 68/ wPSm0e 0eff (½lyu)( 17-OpGm0ef-a&onfr? 65-wPSmcsKH-usm;)
63/ a½TjynfBuD;ewf(0uF0kwåd)( ....bk&m;ynm &aMumif;½SmwJh? ig ]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f avmbwPS m \ tjypf u d k
rif ; jrwf . ..)
odjrifoGm;onfh a&onf tdrfa½SUrif;udk csD;usL;rdefYqdkaom
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rdrdonf yg&rDjznfhusifhaeol O',rif;Mu;D \ pum;ü oH;k xm;ygonf/
jzpfaMumif; jru f onfh rif;BuD;pum;wGif oHk;xm;ygonf/
G [ qif;&Jyifyef;atmif ESdyfpufwwfyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf
Am&mPoDjynf½h iS rf if;Bu;D [k wku
d ½f u
kd rf qdbk J ]a½TjynfBu;D wPSm(tEdIif;cH)ESifh 0efxkyf0efydk;(tEdIif;)wYdkudk tEdIif;xyfwl
ewf}(a½TjynfBu;D \ ud;k uG,&f m)[k oG,0f u kd f ....../ jyKxm;aomaMumifh ½lyutvuFm ajrmufygonf/
( yk'f&if; - vlYabmif avmu wPSm0efudk aMumuf½GHUvSí xdkwPSmudk
b,m½Ivsuf ,ckpdwfcs edu©rjzifh udpöNyD;ap..)

pum;yd k ' f ( 36) td r f a ½S U rif ; awmxG u f c ef ; / Am&mPoD j ynf pum;ajy/ /]]armifawmfonf tBuHtpnfrsm; wdrf;rSm;,Gif;
O,smOf a wmf w G i f awmxG u f r nf h u d p ö u d k rif ; BuD ; ucG i f h a y;NyD ; aemuf acsmfum trSm;BuD;rSm;cJhygNyD/ rif;Bu;D onf bk&m;wpfqyl rm
tdrfa½SYrif;u rif;BuD;xH avQmufwifonfhpum;/ Munfnt kd yfojl zpfonf/ bk&m;qkyefxm;ol jrwfaomrif;Mu;D vnf;
jypfrSm;rdcJhonfwdkYudk uefawmhvdkojzifhavQmufwifjcif;jzpf/ uefawmhpum;/ jzpfonf/ ZrÁLuRef;vHk;\ tBuD;tuJvnf; jzpfonf/ xdkYjyif
tdrfa½SUrif;uefawmh/ / ]]rSefvSyg/ aus;Zl;ocif? jrwft½Sifudk? Munfvif armifawmf\ aus;Zl;½Sif ocift&mjzpfum armifawmft h m; jrwfaom
nGwfaysmh? rmefajzavQmhí uefawmhylaZmfcJhygonf/usL;orQ'Pf? pnf ; pd r f x D ; eef ; ay;tyf wif a jr§ m uf c J h o l v nf ; jzpf o nf /
oHk;yg;uHudk? onf;cHawmfrlygawmhbk&m;/}} þodUk aomrif;Bu;D udk Muufo;D x xdwv f efzY ,
G ½f vSd aS om tBurH sK;d
pum;ajy/ / ]]rSev f yS g/ aus;Zl;½Sio f cifjzpfol jrifjh rwfvo
S nfh BuHrdonf/ BuHrdyHkrSm wpfwdkif;jynfvHk;udk&,lvsuf xD;eef;udk
t½Sirf if;Bu;D udk Munfvif ñGwaf ysmif;aompdwjf zifh uefawmhtyf? wpfO;D wnf; pd;k ydik &f ef rif;Bu;D toufukd owfrnf[k Bu½H , G rf cd jhJ cif;
ylaZmftyfygonf/ uREyfk u f sL;vGecf o
hJ rQaom um,uHtjypf? 0pDuH jzpfygonf}}/
tjypf? raemuHtjypfwu Ykd kd cGiv
hf w
T o f nf;cH awmfryl gb&k m;/}} ]]zG,?f ...½dik ;f vdu
k yf av... [k uJ&h UJ z, G jf zpfayawmhonf/
( ar;EdkifcGifh tvGefenf;onf/ ) vlYjynfwGif touf½SifaezdkYyif roifhawmf rxdkufwefawmh[k
xifjrifrdonf/ udk,fh&ifudk udk,fwdkif"g;ESifhxdk;arTum b0qHk;
ypfvu kd zf oYkd m ½daS wmhonf[k awG;rdonf/ awmif;awmif;yefyefjzifh
jypfrmS ;rdonfh taMumif;pHk wdu Yk akd vQmufwifaomtcg rif;Bu;D u
pum;ydk'f(37) tdrfa½SYrif;twGuf 0rf;ajrmufvSojzifh qkESif;jcif;/ cTifhvTwfonf;cHcJhayonf/ xdkYjyif bkef;uH½Sifrif;BuD;onf
rif;BuD;qkESif;// ]]om"k? om"k? jrwfaomqkESifh? ,ckjynfhpHk? w&m;vSHLí? armifawmftm;Muifemoem;pGmjzifh wpfwikd ;f jynf vH;k udyk if ay;tyf
yGm;xHkbm0em?udk,fpdwf0rf;? vGefcsrf;omvsuf? rSef;&mwdkif; aygufygap vmygao;onf/}}
tdrfa½SUarmif/}} ]]þodkYaom yk*¾dKvfrsKd;um; tHhMobeef; jzpfaumif;
pum;ajy/ / ]]0rf;ajrmufpmG om"kac:tyfygonf tdraf ½SU armifi,f/ vSygonf/ wyfrufrI &m*wnf;[laom jrLrIejf rLrQiw f Ykd pGe;f xif;jcif;
rGejf rwfvo S nfh tusK;d w&m;&v'fwEYkd iS hf ,ckyifNy;D jynfph u
kH m w&m; r½dSol jzpfayonf/ a½Tpif a½Tcu J o hJ aYkd om rif;Bu;D udk armifawmf
½SmrS;D Edik yf gap/ bm0emoabmwdu Yk kd yGm;rsm;Edik yf gap/ ud, k cf sr;f om onf rdu k rf aJ wGa0pdww f jYkd zifh rSm;cJrh ad csonf/ xdaYk Mumifh ,ckb0
jcif;? pdwfcsrf;omjcif;½dSygap/ &nfrSef;onfh r*fvrf;c&D;udk ,cktajctwdkif; aezdkY&ef wkefvIyf acsmufcsm; vSygonf/
ayguaf jrmuf atmifjrifEikd yf gap tdraf ½SUarmifi,f}} taerajzmifEh ikd f rNird ;f at;Edik af wmhyg// xdaYk Mumifh wyfrufpv JG rf;rI
( ar;EdkifcGifh tvGefenf;onf/ ) wPSm&m*wdkY pyf,SufrIr½dSatmif pdwftm½Hkudk jzwfawmufí
awmNrKd i&f yfwiG f w&m;usiBhf uaH exdik yf gawmhrnf/ omuD rsK;d EG,f
pum;yd k ' f ( 38) Am&mPoD ? O,smOf a wmf / td r f a ½S U r d z k & m;ud k a c:,l í wd\Yk ½IrNi;D zG,af om? raemfewforD;yrm vSyaom ESrawmfrmS
a&muf½dSvmpOf rdzk&m;udk tdrfa½SUrif;u rSmMum;onfhpum; tdraf ½SUpt H rd af wmfüom pHpm;ae&pfygawmh}}/
awmxGurf nfh taMumif;udk tdraf ½SUrdz&k m;tm; ac:í ajymonfhtcef;wGif tdraf ½SUrif;qd&k efpum;rSm pum;pyf-
]]rsuf½Sifjrpdef? vSwpfodefESifh? ajrmuftdrfawmfpH? tvQif;raxmifh? ay;xm;onfh pum;yd'k o f nf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf?
oDwif;apmifhwJh?armifhoufESHi,f/ / tBuH,Gif;yg;? rSm;jcif;BuD;rSm;cJhNyD/ tcef;(5) ]]tdraf ½SUrif; awmxGucf ef;}}rS xkwEf w k cf suf jzpfygonf/
bk&m;wpfql? Ak'üFl?ZrÁLvHk;hxD;? aus;Zl;ocif? jrwf&mwifwJh ½Sifrif;BuD;?
MuufoD;xzG,f? jynfudkvk,uf? eef;OD;udk wufrnf[k? toufudk½G,f Am&mPoD j ynf O,smOf a wmf t wG i f ; üjzpf o nf /
rdw,f/}} ]]zG,f-½dkif;yav? olYwdkif;jynfrSm? aezdkYraumif;? a½T&ifMum;udk? tdraf ½SUrzd &k m;udk ac:,l a&muf½v dS mpOf tdraf ½SUrif;u rdz&k m;udk
"m;ESifharTvdkY? aozdkYomaumif;awmhw,f/ awmif;awmif;yefyef? today; rSmMum;onfh pum; jzpfygonf/
taMumif;udk jyefaomcg? onf;cHonfhjyif? bkef;½Sifyifu?Muifoem;vdkY? awmxG u f w&m;usif h B uH a wmh r nf jzpf í
ightm; jynfvHk;ESif;ao;w,f/}} ]]tHhzG,fo&J? &m*DjrLrQif? pGef;rxifwJh? taMumif;tusKd; today; rSmMum;jcif; jzpfygonf/
a½TpifcJudk? rdkufrJawGa0? rSm;rdacsí? aerajzmifhNyD/ wPSmrpyf?
tm½HkjzwfvdkY? NrdKif&yfudk rSDawmhr,f/ omuDvHkUrsufazsmf?vSraemfrSm? rdefYrSmyHkrSm þodkY jzpfonf/
tdrfawmfom pH&pfawmh rati,f/}} (avhvmrSwfom;& vG,fatmif oHk;ydk'f cJGNyD; a&;ay;xm;ygw,f )

pum;yd k ' f ( 39) awmxG u f w &m;usif h B uH a wmh r nf h td r f a ½S U rif ; ud k Am&mPoD j ynf O,smOf a wmf t wG i f ; ü jzpf o nf /
tdrfa½SUrdzk&m;u wifavQmufpum;/ tdrfa½SUrif;u awmxGuf w&m;usifhrnfhtaMumif; today;
tdrfa½SUrdzk&m;qdk/ /]]atmfBuHK&yav? r,fhau½SifrSm? oZifvdk uHk;ygwJh? rSmMum;vmpOf tdrfa½SUrdzk&m;u tdrfa½SUrif;xH avQmufwif
bkef;jraqGi,f/ awmajcNrdKif0? udk,fawmfjrwf<ucJhvQif? vSraemfewf?
cGifhyefonfh pum; jzpfygonf/
wñSdK;acGacG? b,fyHkESifh ajz&r,f/ taeawmfuyfawmhry/
rtyfwJhpum;? aMumufygbd? em;½SdvdkYMum;&w,f/ ywåjrm;tyGifh? td r f a ½S Y r if ; ES i f h t wl vd k u f y gawmxG u f vd k o jzif h
jrauqifh? arcifhvnfqJG? &a0&dyfMum? a½TvdyfjymrSm? aocgrS cJGr,fvdkY? avQmufxm; cGifhyefjcif; jzpfygonf/
pJrG w hJ cif? avEGUJ rnfp;kd ? a½Tonf;rSm ysK;d ygw?hJ rñSKd ;yifu?kd ½Siu
d o f b
GJ ,fEh ,
S ?f avQmufxm;ajymqdkyHkrSm þodYk jzpfygonf/
raobJESifh cJG&r,f/ bkef;<u,fa½Tudk,f? NrdKifOD;rSm ckdcJhvQif? NidKjiifEGrf;npf? (avhvmrSwfom;& vG,fatmif ESpfydk'f cJG NyD; a&;ay;xm;ygw,f)
rsufpdoli,f? olYwdkif;v,frSm? r,fae&pfygbl;/ vrf;qpfwJh NrdKifay:odkY?
udk,fawmfESifh vdkufygawmhrnfbk&m;/}}
tdrfa½SUrif; awmxGufap/ rif;orD; vdkufap/ O,smOfawmfu rif;BuD; eef;awmfodkY
jyefap/ awmxGufrnfh udpö tjyeftvSefajymqdkcef;rS tvuFmrsm;
pum;ajy/ / ]]atmf.. BuHK& jzpf&yav...../ r,fh qHauom0,f 69/ &m*DjrLrSsif (½lyu)
w,kw, oDu;kH yefqiftyfaom oZifyef;jrwftvm; jrwfE;kd & þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif O',rif;BuD;\
onfh bke;f uH½iS f armifawmf&,f/}} ]]awmawmift&yfoYkd uk, d af wmf jrifhjrwfaomtusifhudk az:nTef;onfh tdrfa½SUrif;\pum;ü
jrwf <ujref;cJhygvQif raemfewforD;yrm vSyEGJUaESmif;ol oH;k xm;ygonf/
ESrawmfav;rSm armifawmfudk vGrf;pdwfjzifh wpfudk,fwnf; wyfrufrSK&m* (tEdIif;cH)ESifh jrSKrQif (tEdIif;)wkdUudk
ñdKS ;EGr;f acG,ikd íf ae&ygrnf/ rnfoYkd rnfykH ajzodr&hf ygrnfenf;/ ajr;,Suzf UGJ Niw d wfy*kH P k &f nfwt l jzpf tEdiI ;f xyfwjl yK xm;ojzifh
ae&xdik &f cuf&ygawmhrnf/ cGcJ mG zdYk pum;rsm;udk Mum;&½Hrk QEiS yhf if
aMumufvS ygonf/ em;½dSíom xifrSwf rxm;onfh pum;rsm; 70/ a½TpifcJ ^&m*DjrLrSsif pGe;f rxifwhJ a½TpifcJ (0uF0w k åd )
Mum;&onf/}} ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rif;Bu;D ü tjypfw&m; uif;pif
]]ESrawmfonf ywåjrm;yGifhpDjc,fum yefqif&aom oefU½Sif; vSyu kH kd &nfneG ;f onfh tdraf ½SUrif; pum;.../
qHx;kd ? vnfwikd w f iG f tNrq J if,ifxm;aom vnfq&JG wemozG,f O',rif;Bu;D [k wdu k ½f u kd rf qdb k J ]a½Tpifc}J [k ......../
armifawmfukd jrwfE;kd cifw, G af e&oljzpfygonf/ at;csr;f vSonfh 71/ omuDvHk;rsufazsmf (0uF0kwdå)
cef;aqmif&dyf0,f oufqHk;wdkif twlpHpm;um aocgrSom ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif tqif;wifh w,faom rdz&k m;udk
armifawmfEiS hf cG&J ayawmhrnf[íl a½Tpw d af wmfü pGrJ wS xf m;cJyh g onf/ &nfneT ;f onfh tdraf ½Srif;pum;tjzpfo;kH xm;ygonf/
avta0hwGifyif ,drf;EGJUoGm;rnfudk pdk;xdwfvSygaomaMumifh ESrawmftrd af ½SUrzd &k m;[k wdu k ½f ukd rf qdb k J ]omuDv;kH
ESrawmfav;\ tonf;ajrwGif w,kw, jyKpkysKd;axmifum rsuaf zsmf (ouDE, G 0f if; rif;taygi;f wd\ Yk ½IrNi;D zG,)f }[k ....../
½Sio f ef&onfh rñdKS ;EGr;f aom arwåmyef;[k qdt k yfaom armifawmfukd 72/ oZifvdk( Oyrm )
touf½iS v f suf cGcJ gG zYkd ta&;rSm cufvyS gonf/ b,fcgrQrcGEJ ikd yf g/ þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif tdraf ½Srif;udk jrwfE;kd
bk e f ; wef c d k ; <u,f 0 vS o nf h ud k , f a wmf j rwf awmt&yf o d k Y vSaMumif; zGi[ hf onfh rdz&k m;\pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
cdrk ;DS rnfqvkd Qif ESrawmfrmS NiKd jiif ñdKS ;i,fpmG rsupf o d il ,f em;oli,f tdraf ½SUrif;(tEdiI ;f cH)udk oZifyef;uHk;(tEdiI ;f )ESihf OD;xdyyf ef
b0jzifh wpfyg;olwdkYt&yfü raevdkyg/ armifawmf a½S;½I&m jrwfE;kd &yHck si;f *kP&f nfwt l jzpf cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;ojzif.h .../
awmNrKd i&f yf c&D;pOf tcsKd ;tauGUwpfavQmuf ud, k af wmfEiS thf wl 73/ vSraemfewf(0uF0w k )då
vdu k yf gawmh rnfb&k m;/}} ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rdrdukd,fudk &nfnTef;um
pum;pyf- tdraf ½SUrif;ESihf twlvu kd yf gvakd Mumif; ajymqdo k nfh tdraf ½SrY zd &k m;\
ay;xm;onfh pum;yd'k o f nf OD;ykn\ a&onfjyZmwf? pum;tjzpf.../
tcef;(5) ]]tdraf ½SUrif;ESif rdz&k m;wdYk awmxGucf ef;}}rS xkwEf w k cf suf tqif; wifhw,fo[ l k wku d ½f u kd f rqdbk J ]vSyaom
jzpfygonf/ raemfewforD; }[k oG,0f u kd zf UGJ qxkd m;aom aMumif.h .../
74/ arcihv f nfq(JG 0uF0w k )då 1/ a&onfa,mufsm; qif;&JcsKUd wyhJ
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif tdrfa½SUrif;ESifh cJGcGm&rnf[k kH
a&onfa,mufsm;onf Am&mPoDNrKd UwiG f a&a&mif;um
xifrw S rf xm;ygaMumif; ajymqdo k nfh rdz&k m;\ pum;wGif ......../
toufarG;&oljzpfonf/ NrKd Uv,fü raeEdik ½f mS yg/ ajrmufNrKd U½;kd teD;
rcGJrcGmwrf; jrwfEdk;cspfcif&ol[k wkduf½dkufrqdkbJ
wpfae&mwGif qif;qif;&J&aJ e&½Smol jzpfonf/
]arcifv h nfq}JG [k oG,0f u kd zf UJG qx dk m;aomaMumifh 0uF0w k .då ........./
a&onfb0wGif ]]r&yfrem;? 0rf;ausmif;ygjim;uyJ}}
75/ ywåjrm;tyGihf jrauqifh (0uF0w k )då
[k nnf;nL &onftxd qif;&Jyifyef;pGm vkyfudkif&onf/
]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f t d r f a ½S U r if ; ES i f h cJ G c G m &rnf [ k
&ifuv JG rk Q tm;xkwf vkyu f ikd ½f mS onf/ odaYk omf xrif;aumif;?
xifrw S rf xm;ygaMumif; ajymqdo k nfh rdz&k m;\ pum;wGi.f ......./
[if;aumif; rpm;&acs/ rk&if;qefxrif;ESifh csOfaygif[if;rQ
tjrwfwEdk;wefzdk;xm;cspfcif&ol wkduf½dkufrqdkbJ
udyk ifvQif eyfreS af tmifrpm;&/ xdrk Q 0rf;a&; csKUdwv hJ oS nfh olb Y 0wGif
]ywåjrm;tyGifh jrauqifh}[k oG,f0dkuf zJGUqdkxm;aomaMumifh
]ig;oef a o;Ek y f ? a&vH k j yKwf } [if ; rsKd ; ud k ]eD w m&J a eaom
0uF0kwådtvuFm.../
aumufvsi}f qefex D rif;rsK;d ESihf wpfvw k rf Q tm;yg;w& pm;vdv k S
76/ rnSdK;yif ( 0uF0kwåd ) onf/ touf½iS af epOftwGi;f xdo k pYkd m;aomufvu kd f &ygvQif
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif tdrfa½SUrif;ESifh cJGcGm&rnf[k vljzpfusK;d eyfNy[ D v k nf; qd½k mS ygao;onf/
xifrSwfrxm;ygaMumif; ajymqdkonfh rdzk&m;\ pum;wGif
olYudkMunfhvQif xef;aphrIwfcefY aoQmifxHk;uav;
oH;k xm;ygonf/
xHk;xm;onf/ qHyifrSm pkwfcsmcsm/ cg;0wfykqdk;udkvnf;
tpOftNrJarwåmxm;cspfcif&ol[k wkduf½dkufrqdkbJ
t½SufvHk½HkrQom zHk;tkyf 0wfqifxm;Edkifonf/ ykcHk;ay:wGif
]rnSKd ;yif}[k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm;ojzifh 0uF0w k t då vuFm..../
]0g;uGx J rf;yd;k ? qdik ;f aygiu
f sK;d }udk xrf;um a&a&mif;xGu&f \/
jrifol taygi;f u olaY vmufcsKUd wo hJ l rsK;d r½dES ikd [
f k tuJcwf&Edik o f nfh
toGifrsKd; jzpfygonf/ þrQ qif;&J csKdUwJh vGef;vSonfh olYb0
ar;cGef;½Snf ( tcef; av;txd ) wpf a vQmuf v H k ; ü ppf p pf a yguf a yguf pk a qmif ; rd a iG r S m
av;a½G;aywnf;/ tjcm;&ayguf&vrf;wdkYrSmvnf; rcefYrSef;Edkif/
1/ a&onfrdef;r tdraf ½SUrzd &k m;rjzpfrD pdwx f m;udk ay:viG af tmifa&;yg/
rjrif& rawGU&acs/ xdaYk Mumifh olu Y , kd o f l xdyq f ;kH a&mufatmif
2/ a&onfred ;f ru a&onfa,musmf ;tm; rdrb d 0taMumif; ajymjyyHu
k kd
oifph um; jzifah &;yg/ rGaJ wol? zGww f \Ykd rif;uyifvQif aemifawmf[k ac:&avmufo?l
3/ a&onfa,mufsm; qif;&JcsKUd wyhJ u kH kd ay:viG af tmifa&;yg/ jymawmifBu;D ayguaf vmufatmif xl;xl;jcm;jcm; qif;&JraJG wol[k
4/ a&onfrdef;r aysmfaysmf½Tif½Tif aexdkifajymqdkwwfyHkudk ay:vGif zGi[ hf 0efc½H mS olvnf; jzpfonf/
atmifa&;yg/ a&onfa,mufsm;onf þodv Yk Qif tvky?f tpm;? t0wf?
5/ a&onfa,mufsm;ESifh a&onfrdef;r vufxyfa&;twGuf wdkifyif Opöm"e? toGiftjyif tppt&m&m qif;&JvSygownf;/ /
MuyHuk kd oifph um;jzifh a&;yg/
6/ a&onfa,mufsm;\ yHyk ef;oGijf yifEiS hf 0wfpm;yHu k kd ay:viG af tmifa&;yg/
7/ a&onfa,mufsm; aysmfaysmf½Tif½Tif aexdkifajymqdkwwfyHkudk a&;yg/
8/ a&onfred ;f r qif;&JcsKUd wyhJ u
kH kd ay:viG af tmif a&;yg/ a&onfred ;f r qif;&JcsKUd wyhJ kH
9/ a&onfa,mufsm;u a&onfrtm; rdrdb0taMumif; ajymjyyHkudk ( a&onf r qif ; &J y H k u d k v nf ; þtwd k i f ; yH k p H w l a&;Ed k i f o nf / )
oifph um;jzifh a&;yg/ a ee&& m q i f ; & J ? t
tvv k yyff q i f ; & J ? t
tpp m ;;q
qif;&J? t
t00 w f q i f ; & J ?
oGifjyifqif
q if; &J ?"eqif;&J? Muifazmf../
"eqif

Q
2/ a&onfrdef;ru a&onfa,mufsm;tm; rdrdb0taMumif; 3/ a&onfred ;f r aysmaf ysm½f iT ½f iT af exdik af jymqdw k wfykH
ajymjyyHk
a&onfrdef;ronf Am&mPoDNrdKUawmifrsufESmwGif
Am&mPoDNrKd U awmifrsuEf mS vrf;ckvwfwpfae&mwGif qif;&JcsKdUwJhonfh b0jzifh ae&½Smonf/ a&a&mif;tvkyfjzifh
a&onfa,mufsm;ESihf a&onfred ;f rwdYk awGUqMkH uonf/ b0wlcsi;f yifyifyef;yef; toufarG;um tpm;taomufcsKdUwJh½Smonf/
pum;vuf q H k usum wpf O D ; b0 wpf O D ; pH k ; prf ; ar;jref ; odkY&mwGif b0udk pdwfysufvufavsmhraebJ ayghayghyg;yg;jzifh
ajymqdkMuonf/ a&onfa,mufsm;u olYwGifrnfodkYrnfyHk aysmaf ysm½f iT ½f iT af exdik f ajymqdk wwfojl zpfonf/
vkyfudkifpm;aomufaexdkif&ygaMumif;ESifh aiGav;a½G; pkaqmif; Am&mPoDwpfjynfvHk;wGif rdrdtqif;&JqHk;jzpfyHkudkyif
rdaMumif; ajymjyonfwiG f a&onfruvnf; olb Y 0taMumif;udk qif ; &J o nf h t&mü ausmf M um;xif ½ S m ;ol ? acgif r S m pG J o l [ k
þodaYk jymjyygonf/ xk w f a zmf y gonf / ol Y b 0ü wpf & H c grQyif uH t usKd ; ay;
uRefra&onf\ b0rSm armifBuD;ESifhwlnDvSygonf/ aumif;cJhjcif;rsKd; r½dSonfh tjzpfudkvnf; ]]uHrsufpdvnfvdkYrS
ydkifqdkifonfh Opöm"ewdkYudk ajrxJodkYjr§Kyfum odrf;xm;&ygonf/ ajymifEikd w f ,fr½d}S }[k [efraqmifwef;ajymygonf/
rdrd dpw
d wf ikd ;f us ESpfouf&onfh cifyeG ;f rsK;d &cgrS xdak iGxyk Bf u;D udk pm;aomufa&;ü yJaphwpf0uf ajymif;wpf0ufESifh
az:,u l m olaX;rBu;D tjzpf cH,rl nf[k &nf½, G xf m;ygonf/ rdrrd mS qefjyufou d m rQaom xrif;udk yDavm[if;ESihf rsKcd spm;aomuf
armifBu;D ESihf b0uHtusK;d ay; eD;pyfonf[v k nf; xifrw S rf yd gonf/ &onfrmS Murf;wrf; vGe;f ojzifh vnfacsmif;om;udk ajrvSev f u
kd f
tb,fhaMumifh qdkaomf rdrdydkifaiGrSm armifBuD;uJhodkYyif aiGom; ouJhodkY ½dSonf[kvnf;aumif;? 0rf;xJodkY usqif;oGm;pOf
av;a½G;jzpfum Opöm"ewGif wlnaD eaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ ]*vHk}jrnfoHxGufay: vmonf[kvnf;aumif;? tm;pdkufrsKdcs
xd k o ef Y p if v S a om aiG o m;av;a½G ; wnf ; [l a om &onf r S m ajcpk H u ef x m;&onf [ k v nf ; aumif ; Mum;&ol
Opöm"eudk xde;f odr;f apmifah ½Smuf&onfh wm0efrmS vnf; yifyef; &,f½iT pf &mjzpfatmif csUJ um; ajymqdw k wfonf/ pm;aomufa&;
Bu;D av;vSygonf/ rawmfwqyif jzpfap ta&;udpö ay:ayguu f m csKdUwJhojzifh rk&if;xrif;? csOfaygif[if;rQ auR;Edkifol jzpfvQifyif
cd;k olab;? rif;ab; ponfBuKH awGU vm&ygu ulnaD pmifah ½Smuf cspo f al rmif awmfypfvu kd rf nf[q k o kd nf/ xdo k aYkd om tdraf xmifzuf
rnforl ½dyS g/ tcufBuKH awGU&rnfjzpfygonf/ udk &nfñeT ;f &mü ]]rk&if;armifarmif OD;csOaf ygi}f }[k orkwo f nf/
xdUk aMumifh rdr\ d Opöm pnf;pdrw f u h Ykd tkyrf ;kd í rdrb
Ykd kd xD;uJo d 0ü BuKH awGUvm&rnfh tdraf xmifa&;udpu ö v kd nf; rarQmvf ifEh ikd f
vHkNcHKrI ay;Edkifrnfh wpfa,mufaom cifyGef;a,mufsm;rsKd;udk onfh ]]rawmfwq}} tjzpfrsK;d [k qdo k nf/
BuKH awGUvv kd yS gonf/ odaYk omf xdu k o hJ aYkd om ESpo f ufavmufonfh rdrd t0wf qif;&Jonft h jzpfukd ]]pkwaf yawmifx h bD?
a,muf s m;rsKd ; rS m vnf ; ½S m ;yg;vG e f ; vS y gonf / xd k Y a Mumif h tpyfu wpf&m? tzmu A&yspf? arSmifusatmifnpfygwJh
vifom;r,lbJ wpfu, kd w f nf;Buw d yf l ae& aom tysKdBuD;b0 yqpftrd u f }kd } [laom pum;jzifh vGefvGefuJuJBuD; ajymonf/
jzpfygonf/ a&a&mif;xGufrnfh toGifu dk ]]rl&mawmf EGJUaESmif;ESifh}}[k
uHtusKd;ay;wlnDaom cifyGef;rsKd;udk wpfBudrfwpfcg ajymifawmifawmif qdo k nf/
awmhjzifh awGBY uKH &rnf[íl arQmv f ifah wmifw h pdwjf zifh apmifph m;ae& a&onfa,mufsm;ESihf awGU&mü Ekwo f uG v
f QmoGujf zifh
onfh b0uHcsKUd wo hJ l jzpfygonf/ oa&mfawmfawmf ajymifacsmfacsmfpum;vHk;rsm;oHk;um ar;jref;
þodv Yk Qif a&onfred ;f ru a&onfa,mufsm;tm; rdrd pHpk rf;onf/ olt Y jzpfuv kd nf; wpfu, kd w
f nf; tysKBd u;D b0jzifh
b0taMumif; r>cif;rcseaf jymjycJyh gownf;/ / Buw d yf al e&aMumif; yGiyhf iG v hf if;vif;zGi[ hf onf/ a&onfa,mufsm;
cspaf &;qdv k myHu k vkd nf; ½Ti½f iT jf rL;jrL; wHUk jyefajymqdo k nf/
a&onf r onf ½S u f ½ G U H [ ef a qmif w wf o l r [k w f /
yGivhf if;½d;k om;pGm ajymqdak exdik Nf y;D jzpf&mb0ü a&mif&h w J if;wdrf
aysmf½Tifaewwfol jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;vSygownf;/ /

4/ a&onfa,mufsm;\ yHyk ef;oGijf yifEiS hf 0wfpm;yHk 5/ a&onfa,mufsm;aysmaf ysm½f iT ½f iT f aexdik af jymqdw
k wfykH
a&onfa,mufsm;onf Am&mPoDNrKd U ajrmufrsuEf mS wGif a&onfa,mufsm;onf Am&mPoDNrKd U ajrmufrsuEf mS wGif
aeonf/ a&a&mif;í toufarG;&ol vlqif;&JwpfOD;jzpfonf/ aeonf/ a&a&mif; tvkyfjzifh qif;qif;&J&J toufarG;&ol
ol\yHkyef; oGifjyifESifh 0wfpm;yHkwdkYrSm olYb0ESifhavsmfnDpGm jzpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif b0udk aygah ygyh g;yg; &ifqikd u f m jzpforQtajcü
qif;&JEcHk smvSygonf/ aysmaf ysm½f iT ½f iT f aexdik af jymqdw k wfol wpfO;D jzpfygonf/
olYudkMunfhvQif xef;aphrIwfcefY aoQmifxHk;uav;ESifh tpm;taomuf qif;&JedrfhusvSonfhb0udk]]touf
awGU&rnf/ qHyifrSm pkwfzGmzGm/ qDrvl;Edkifí ajcmufaoGU ½dpS Of? raocifu?kd aumufvsiBf u;D qef? eDwmvefEiS hf ig;oefao;Ekyf
pkwfzGmaejcif;jzpf\/ cg;0wfykqdk;udkvnf; t½Suf vHk½HkrQom a&vHjk yKwrf sm;udk wpfvyk u f ,f00? pm;vdu k &f vQijf zif?h tmuyg;pyf?
zH;k tky0f wfqifxm;Edik o f nf/ a&a&mif;xGuv f mcsed w
f iG f olyY ck ;kH ay:ü vljzpfusK;d eyfaviJ}h }[k oa&mfawmfawmf xkwaf z:wwfonf/
0g;uGJxrf;ydk;ESifh qdkif;aygifusKd;udk awGU&rnf/ jrifoltaygif;u tcGifhtcgaumif;BuHKí tqifajyvmEdkifrnfhb0rsKd;udk
ol Y a vmuf c sKd U w J h o l r sKd ; r½d S E d k i f [ k tawG ; 0if a vmuf o nf h arQmv f if&h m üvnf; ]]a&onfarmifarmifval evSvYkd a½Tcsovdak jymif
olqif;&Jom;wpfO;D toGirf sK;d aygufaeygonf/ vdrrhf ,f}} [k rtyfr&m? rawmfrwnfh pum;rsK;d jzifh BuKH ;0g; jywwfol
pm;&onfrSmvnf; rk&if;qefxrif;? csOfaygif½Guf jzpfavonf/
a&vHkjyKwf[if; jzpfonf/ rk&if;qefrSm oefYoefYpifpifr[kwf/ a&onfrESiahf wGU&mü a&onfr\ toGif qif;&Jerd u hf s
qeftq kd efa[mif; qefnb hH 0odYk usqif;um jrufo;D rsm;a&maESm onfukd ]]qHx;kH awmfBu;D wrmoD;ESi?hf cg;pnf;0wfv?J csKypf Nyu J kd
wG,u f yfvsuf &Edik o f rQpx k m;&onfh qefrsK;d jzpfonf/ csOaf ygi½f u G f wJtyfEiS w hf ,G ?f vljriforQ pdwyf suaf tmifvyS gwhJ ra&o,f}}[k
a&vHk jyKw[ f if;rSm ig;ydryg/ qDvnf; rjrif&/ xdrk Quykd ifvQif cyfavSmifavSmif EIwq f ufwwfojl zpfonf/
taumif;qHk; wefzdk;xm; pm;oHk;&onfh tajctaejzpfonf/ a&onfrar;í olYb0ol ajymjy&müvnf; "eaiGav;
xdkYaMumifh pm;aomufa&;wGifvnf; qif;&Jedrfhusaom a&onf a½G;aMumifh pdwcf svufcs rtdy&f yH?k ud, k w f ikd uf if;vSnahf pmifah e&yH?k
a,mufsm;aywnf;/ olb Y 0wGif touf½iS f aepOfumvtwGi;f pm;&onfh rk&if;qefa[mif;rSm jrufoD;a&maeyHk? csOfaygifa&
aumufvsifqefxrif;ESifh ig;oefao;Ekyf a&vHkjyKwf[if;rQudk vHjk yKw[ f if;rSm &wemozG,f xifrw S &f yHk ponfjzifh vGev f eG u
f u J J
wpfvw k cf efY pdww
f ikd ;f us pm;vdu k &f ygvQif vljzpf&usK;d eyfygNy[ D k csJUum;vsuf &,fp&m jzpfatmif ajymwwfjyefonf/
nnf;nL½Smolvnf; jzpfygonf/
a&onf r \ aiG a v;a½G ; ud k v nf ; ]]oH k ; pG J r uk e f ?
a&onfa,mufsm;\ yHkyef;oGifjyifESifh 0wfpm;yHkwdkYrSm awmifE, S yf }kH }[k qdw
k wfonf/ a&onfrESihf ESpOf ;D om;csKUd wMhJ uyHk
vG e f p G m Ek H c sm qif ; &J o nf h ol q if ; &J o m;wpf O D ; toG i f wlno D nfukd ]]aiGxyk f csi;f wl ?v½l , G cf si;f rQ? tvScsi;f ewfzuf}}[k
xif[yfvsu½f ySd gawmhownf;/ ajymonf/ aygi;f zufMuzdYk ta&;udk ]]*siyf chJ si;f ayguMf upd}Yk }[k
cyfjrL;jrL;avoHjzifh wdu k wf eG ;f onf/ &,f½iT pf &m jzpfvyS gonf/
vuf x yf a ygif ; oif ; a&; p&ef c ef ; 0if a iG w if & ef
3 em&Dpm avhusiMhf unfyh g toGm;c&D;üvnf; olUudk,fol ]]a&onf rvl? Muifonf;tl
?aiGp,l<uawmhrnf ...}} ]]odMum; apmifr? r,m;vnf;&NyD}}
- yxr rdepfajcmufq,frSm ar;cGef; wpf?ESpf eJY 3/(u)4/(u)? 5/(u)/ ponfjzifh cyf<um;<um;qdík ½Tijf rL;aewwfol jzpfonf/
- 'kw,d rdepfajcmufq,frmS 5/(u) ajzvufp vufusefeYJ a&onfar;cGe;f ½Sn?f a&onfa,mufsm;onf jzpf&mb0wGif aysmaf ysmf ½Ti½f iT f
uAsmar;cGef;½Snf? pum;ajy ar;cGef;½Snf/ aexdik f ajymqdw k wfojl zpfaMumif; xif½mS ; vSygownf;/ /
- aemufqHk;rdepfajcmufq,frSm pmpDuHk;eJY jyefvSefppfaq; ajzqdkjcif;rsm;/
- tusifh&oGm;awmh eHygwftpOftwdkif; ajzMunfh/ uGufwd/ /

6/ a&onfred ;f r tdraf ½SU rdz&k m; rjzpfrpD w
d x
f m; 7/ vufxyfaygi;f oif;a&;twGuf wdik yf ifMuyHk
a&onfred ;f ronf Am&mPoDNrKd U awmifrsuEf mS wGiaf eí a&onfa,mufsm;ESihf a&onfred ;f rwdo Yk nf a&a&mif;
a&a&mif; tvkyfjzifh qif;qif;&J&J toufarG;&oljzpfonf/ xGuv f mMu&if;qHak wGUMu&m wpfO;D udw k pfO;D pdwf0ifpm;Muonf/
pm;a&;? 0wf a &;? vk y f i ef ; aqmif w m tpp t&m&mü b0wlcsi;f jzpfaMumif; odjrif&mrS vufxyf aygi;f oif;a&;twGuf
qif;&JEkHcsmvSol jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif b0udk aysmfaysmf½Tif½Tif pum;qdMk uonf/
&ifqikd af usmjf zwfvakd om pdwx f m;½do S t l jzpf awGUjrifEikd yf gonf/ a&onfa,mufsm;u olb Y 0qif;&JcsKUd wphJ mG pm;aomuf
ol Y b 0qif ; &J E H k c smyH k u d k Am&mPoD w pf j ynf v H k ; ü aexdik &f yHk aiGav;a½G;om pkryd w kH Ukd ukd ajymjy&m a&onfruvnf;
]]tqHk;pGefa&mufatmif acgifrSmpGJatmifrGJonf}}[k qdkonf/ armifBu;D uJo h yYkd if b0wljzpfaMumif; zGi[ hf onf/ olYwGifvnf;
tvkyfyifyef;qif;&JyHkudk a&½Guf a&mif;&onfrSm]]OD;acgif; aiGav;a½G;pkrad Mumif; xd"k eaiGukd tkyx f ed ;f rnfoh rl ½díS tcufBuKH
usdef;&daeNyD}}[k qdkonf/ yJaph? ajymif;aphESifh qeftenf;i,f aeaMumif ; ? uH w l o nf h zl ; pmzuf u d k BuH K awG U z d k Y arQ m f v if h
a&maom xrif;udk yDavm ½Gu[ f if;csKEd iS hf rsKcd s pm;aomuf&onfh apmifph m;ae&onfh b0rsK;d jzpfaMumif; a&vmajrmif;ay; ajymcJo h nf/
tjzpf a Mumif h ]]rk & if ; xrif ; ? csOf a ygif [ if ; auR;Ed k i f r nf h xdktcg a&onfa,mufsm;u rdrdwdkYrSm ydkifqdkifonfh
cspo f al rmifrsK;d ESihf zl;pmzufvo kd nf}}[k zGi[ hf onf/ rdrb d 0 rdrd aiGaMu;? touft½G,?f b0uH ponfjzifh wdu k q
f ikd w
f n l aD eyHwk rYkd mS
cHpm;rIwdkYudk yGifhyGifhvif;vif; xkwfaz:wwfonfh pdwfxm;½dSol qDavsmf tyfpyf vGef;vSojzifh csKdUwJhol? rjynfhpHkol b0wlcsif;
jzpfygonf/ qif;&J'ku© a&muf&yHkrsm;udk nnf;nLaejcif;jzifh aygi;f zufMuzdYk ajymqdo k nf/ csicf si;f vufiif; aygi;f zufMuzdv Yk nf;
qef & rnf r [k w f [ k qd k u m a&a&mif ; xG u f a vh ½ d S o nf / wdu
k w f eG ;f ajymqdo k nf/
tvkyv f yk rf oS m 0rf;pma&;udk wdu k ½f u
kd f ajz½Si;f Edik rf nfh oabmudk
odjrifoljzpfygonf/ vufawGUusonfh pdwx f m;tjrif ½do S n[ f k þwGif a&onfru rdrrd mS rde;f rom;jzpfí &yf½Gmu
qd&k ygrnf/ av;pm;odrw S f ½dzS v
Ykd t
kd yfaMumif;? tavmoH;k q,frjyKoifah Mumif;
? trsm;oliSm xHk;wrf; "avhenf;wl p&efcef; 0ifaiGtjzpf
a&onf a ,muf s m;ES i f h b0wl c sif ; qH k r d a omtcg armifBu;D ydik f aiGav;a½G;udk wifawmif;ygrS vufcrH nf jzpfaMumif;
&if;ES;D azmfa½Gwwfol tjzpf awGU&jyefygonf/ a&onfa,mufsm;u ½Sif;jyonf/ odkYrSom trsm;tjrifwiG f wifw h ,frnf jzpfaMumif;
vufxyfa&;twGuf wdu k w f eG ;f vmonft h cgwiG rf l trsK;d orD;wd\ Yk aqG;aEG;onf/ p&efcef; 0ifaiG&ygvQif bk&ifh eef;odrf;yGJwGif
apmifph nf;tyfonfh xH;k wrf;ESit hf nD usiBhf uaH jymqdw k wfyukH kd awGU& wlESpfudk,f ,SOfwGJyGJvnfEdkifrnfjzpf aMumif;vnf; pnf;½Hk;
jyefonf/ rdrjd zpfapvdo k nfh oabmudk a&onfa,mufsm; vufcH ajymqdkonf/ þodjYk zifh a&onfa,mufsm;vnf; oabmwlum
atmif tusKd;oifhtaMumif;oifh ajymwwfqdkwwfyHkudkvnf; p&efcef; 0ifaiG av;a½G;oGm;,lcyhJ gonf/
awGUjrif&ygonf/
þonfrSm a&onfa,mufsm;ESifh a&onfrdef;rwdkY
xdkYaMumifh a&onfronf yGifhvif;aompdwfxm;? vufxyf aygif;oif;a&;twGuf pum;qdkMuyHk ^wdkifyifMuyHk
vuf a wG U usaom pd w f x m;? az:a½G w wf a ompd w f x m;? jzpfygonf/ /
aysmf a ysmf ½ T i f ½ T i f a ewwf a om pd w f x m;? "avh x H k ; pH w d k Y u d k
apmifx h ed ;f vdo k nfh pdwx f m;wdjYk zifh b0udk vufawGUusus&ifqikd u f m
aysmaf ysm½f iT ½f iT f ausmjf zwfvo kd wl pfO;D jzpfaMumif; awGUjrif&ygownf;/
( avhusifhcef;- 8 ESifh avhusifhcef;- 9 udk udk,fwdkif avhusifhyg )

8/ a&onfa,mufsm;tm; rif;Bu;D u tqifq
h ifh cs;D ajrmS ufykH
]]O',rif;BuD;ESifh a&onf a,mufsm;wdkY O',rif;Bu;D onf Am&mPoDjynf½h iS jf zpfonf/ eef;a½SY
awGUqHkpum;qdkcef;}} wl½o l Ykd vSr;f arQmf Munfrh pd Of aiGav;a½G;,l&ef ajy;oGm; aeaom
udk tajcjyKonfh ajzqdkyHk avhvmcsufrsm; a&onfukd awGUjrif pdw0f ifpm;um ac:,l pHpk rf;ar;jref; taMumif;pHk
ar;cGe;f a[mif;avhvmcsuf odum oem;pdw0f ifNy;D tqifq h ifch s;D ajrmS uf avawmhonf/
1/ O',rif;Bu;D u a&onfa,mufsm;tm; tqifq h ifh cs;D ajrmS ufyu kH kd
tpyxrwGif aiGav;a½G;yrmPav;twGuf oGm;&
a&;yg/
rnfh c&D;wmyrmPudk wGujf yum ]...aemufukd avmí? ua&mu
2/ a&onfa,mufsm; aiGav;a½G;wyfrufyu kH kd ay:viG af tmifa&;yg/
yg;? eifroGm;ESiahf wmh...} ponfjzifh rdeq Yf wkd m;jrpfNy;D aiGav;a½G;\
3/ a&onftm; tdraf ½St Y &m csaD jrmS ufyukH kd ay:viG af tmifa&;yg/
ESpfqjzpfaom wpfyJaMu;udk ay;oem; vdkufygonf/
4/ tdraf ½SrY if; rjzpfrD a&onfa,mufsm;\ pdwx f m;udk ajzqdyk g/
5/ aiGav;a½G;udk taMumif;jyKí a&onfESifh O',rif;BuD;wdkY odaYk omf a&onfu a&a&mif;cwpfoufwm pkaqmif;
tjyeftvSef ajymqdyk rkH sm;udk ½Si;f jyyg/ aiGukd rpGeEYf ikd yf g[k tzefzefavQmufwifaeonf/ xdaYk Mumifh wpfr;l ?
6/ tdraf ½SrY if;jzpfNy;D aiGav;a½G;udk ud, k wf ikd of mG ;,lyu kH kd ajzqdyk g/ wpfrwf ponfjzifh qwd;k qwd;k ay;urf;cs;D ajrmS ufc&hJ ygonf/
^ tdraf ½SrY if;jzpfNy;D aiGav;udk oGm;,lvakd o;aMumif; ajymqdyk u kH kd odEYk iS hf cs;D jriS ahf iGyrmPrSm tqrwef rsm;jym;vmygonf/
oifhpum;jzifha&;yg/ a&onfurl ra&mif&h EJ ikd b f J ajrmufNrKd U½;kd Mum;wGif 0Suo f rd ;f xm;onfh
aiGav;a½G;udk oGm;,lvo kd nf/ xdaYk Mumifh a0;uGmvGe;f ? cufcv J eG ;f
ajzqdkyHk vrf;nTefcsuf onfh uEÅm&c&D;udk qufvufomG ;ygvQif c&D;yef;um toufq;kH
ar;cGef; (1)udk ajz&if a&onf jyefvnfavQmufwifwJh tcsuftvufawG Edik af Mumif; axmufjyum wpfaomif;tojymwefz;kd jzpfaom aiGcsed f
udk tus,fw0ifh ra&;rdzdkY *½kjyKyg/ a&;rd&ifrar;wmudk ajzwmrdkY ydómwpf&mudk vufcaH pvdu k \f / r,m;Muif&m eifhonf;csmrSm
tajzaumif; rjzpfEdkifyg/
vnf; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om ½Sad prnf[yk if rdev Yf ukd yf gao;onf/
ar;cGef; (2)udk ajzawmhrS a&onf jyefvnf avQmufwifwJh tcsufawGudk
tm;jyKNyD; vdkwmawGudk xkwfEkwfum xif½Sm;atmif ajz&ygr,f/ NyD;awmh O',rif;Bu;D onf a&onfukd cs;D ajrmS uf&mwGif a&onf
a&onf[m aiGav;a½G;twGuf b,fvdk oabmxm;½Sdw,f? b,fvdk r twGuyf g xnfo h iG ;f wGuq f jycJ\ h / odaYk omf a&onfrmS ra&mifh
jyKrlaqmif½Gufw,fqdkwmudk qef;ppfjyoifhygw,f/ &JEikd af o;bJ jzpfaeygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh O',rif;Bu;D u tqwpf
ar;cGe;f (5)rSmawmh rsm;jym;½Snv f sm;vSwhJ tjyeftvSef ajymqdyk kH awGxuJ axmif wd;k jriS u hf m wpfuak #yrmPaiGukd vufa&muf ay;tyf
t"dutcsuaf wGukd ppfxw k Nf y;D ½Si;f jy&ygr,f/ vd&k if;uswhJ tcsuaf wGukd
cs;D ajrmS uf vdu k yf gawmhonf/ olaX;bJUG cEH ikd Nf y;D tajcwus raMumifh
a½G;xkwfwwfwJh tawGUtBuHK&SdrS tajzaumif; ay;EdkifrSmyg/
ar;cGef; (4)uawmh Zmwfaqmifp½dkufudk tajccHNyD; ajzay;&rSmyg/ rus aexdik Ef ikd o f nfh b0odYk jriS w hf ifay;vdu k f jcif;jzpfygonf/
þwGiv f nf; a&onfrmS aiGav;a½G;wPSmudk rpGeEYf ikd f
ao;ay/ O',rif;Bu;D url a&onftm; tqH;k pGeaf om auseyf
a&mif&h J csr;f omrI cHpm;apvd\ k / xdaYk Mumifh rif;pnf;pdru f kd cHpm;ap
rSom vlaY vmu\ csr;f omrIukd &apawmhrnf[q k ukd m rif;½d;k eef;
quf r[kwfygbJvsuf tdrfa½SYt&mjzifh csD;ajrSmufygawmhonf/
'duaeY&Jh b0..... cs;D ajrmS uf&mwGiv f nf; acgi;f aq;r*FvmjyKí trwfAv kd yf gtaygi;f
b0qdkwm nnf;nLaezdkYr[kwf/ ZdrfcHaezdkYvnf; tcsdefr½Sd/ Nc&H aH pvsuf *kPw f ifausmMf um; xif½mS ;apcJ\ h / Am&mPoDjynf
rif;tajctaeb,fvdkyJ ½Sdaejzpfaeygap? rif;&JU 'DuaeY wpf0ufuykd g tkycf sKyf rif;vkyaf p cJyh gonf/
tvkyfwm0efu rifh;pmawGudk &ifqdkifjzwfoef;ausmfvTm;aezkdYyg/ O',rif;Bu;D u a&onftm; wpfyaJ iG? wpfr;l ? wpfrwf
upí usyaf iGwpfaomif;? wpfuak #? tdraf ½St Y &mESihf Am&mPoD
jynfwpf0uf tqifhqifh csD;ajrSmufcJhygawmhownf;/ /

9/ aiGav;a½G;udpö a&onfEiS hf O',rif;Bu;D wdYk tjyeftvSeaf jymqdyk kH 10/ a&onf a,mufsm; aiG;av;a½G;udk wyfrufyHk
Am&mPoDjynfh½SifO',rif;BuD;onf eef;a½SYwl½lodkY a&onfa,musmf ;onf NrKd UawmifrsuEf mS ü a&onfrESihf
vSr;f arQmf Munfrh pd Of aiGav;a½G;,l&ef ajy;oGm;aeaom a&onfukd awGUqakH rwåmrQNy;D vufxyf aygi;f oif;a&;twGuf p&efcef;0if
awGYjrif pdwf0ifpm;um ac:,l pHkprf; ar;jref; ygonf/ odEYk iS hf tjzpf olw Y pfoufwma&a&mif;c pkaqmif;aiGav;a½G;udk wif&ef
aiGav;a½G;udk taMumif;jyKum tjyeftvSepf um; qdMk uonf/ oabmwlonf/ aiGav;a½G;rSm ajrmufNrKd U½;kd Mum;ü 0Suo f rd ;f xm;&m
a&onfu a&onfrESihf vufxyfciG &hf yH?k ajrmufNrKd U½;kd NrKd Uajrmufrsuf ESmodYk a½S;½Ium xdak iGukd tajy;oGm;,l &avawmh\/
Mum; 0Suo f rd ;f xm;aom aiGav;a½G;ud, k &l ef tajy;oGm;&yHw k uYkd kd xdpk Of Am&mjynf½h iS f O',rif;Bu;D u eef;aqmifwiG ;f rS
ajzMum;avQmufwifygonf/ vSr;f jrifum pdw0f ifpm;ojzifh ac:,l ar;jref;&m yJ0ufaiGav;
aiGav;a½G;twGuf þrQ tyifyef;rcHoifh? NrdKUESpfjyef twGuf rGe;f wnfyh ?l oJajrylukd jzwfoef;í tajy;tvTm; oGm;ae
c&D;wm oJajryl uEÅm&c&D;udk qufroGm;awmhbJ aiGav;a½G;\ aom a&onfudk vGefpGm oem;pdwf 0ifrdavonf/ xdkYaMumifh
ESpq
f udk vufcaH &mif&h v J ukd yf g[k rif;Bu;D u wdu k wf eG ;f ajymqd\ k / av;a½G;tpm; wpfyaJ iGukd vufcH a&mif&h J vdu k yf g[k rdeyYf gonf/
rif;Bu;D ay;oem;onfh aiGukd vufcrH nf rSeaf omfvnf; a&onfrmS cs;D jriS ahf iGukd vufcaH omfvnf; ]]..... aiGp
a&a&mif;c pkaqmif;aiG av;a½G;udk rpGeEYf ikd af Mumif;? aiGpaiGaMu; av;a½G; NrKd U½;kd Mum;rSm? olae½SmwJ?h [d[ k mav;udv k nf;? ajy;í
tm½Hq k o
kd nfrmS y,fjzwfzYkd cufcv J yS gaMumif; ponfjzifh a&onfu ,lcsifvSygao;onf}}[k olYqEúdk wifonf/ enf;yg; vSonfh
taMumif;jy avQmufwifonf/ aiGpyif jzpfapumrl rypfy,foifyh g ponfjzifh taMumif; jyonf/
odEYk iS hf rif;Bu;D u qwd;k qwd;k ay;um wm;jrpfpum; odaYk omf aiGav;a½G;twGuf qufomG ;&rnfh c&D;wm
qdkonf/ a&onfuvnf; ]]a&Munfa&mif;c tzdk;&wJh aiGp yrmPrSm NrdKUESpfjyef½Sdonf/ yljyif;vSonfhc&D;aMumifh ab;
av;a½G;? NrdKU½dk;Mum;rSm olae½SmwJh.....}} ponfjzifh tpcsDum awGUEikd o f nf/ xdaYk Mumifh rif;Bu;D utojym usyw f pfaomif;wefz;kd
aiGav;a½G; tm½kH rpGeEYf ikd yf gaMumif;udo k m tzefzefwifonf/ jzpfaom aiGyó d mcsed f wpf&mxdatmif wd;k ay;onf/ a&onf
xdaYk Mumifh tqrwefrsm;jym; a0;uGmvGe;f onfh oJajryl vifr,m; twGuf auseyfoifh aomyrmPjzpfonf/ odkYwdkif
uEÅm&c&D;udk qufomG ;vQif tyl'PfaMumifh toufyif qH;k Edik f a&onfonf av;a½G;aiGukd rpGeEYf ikd af cs/ xdaYk Mumifh rif;Bu;D u
aMumif;? aiGcsed yf ó d mwpf&mudk vufa&mufay;rnf jzpfaMumif;? wpfuak #wdwad om aiGom;udk vufiif;ay;jyefonf/ olaX;bJYG
þrsm;jym;vSonfh aiGyrmPjzifh ZeD;r,m; jzpfou l vkd nf; auseyf cHEikd af vmufonfh aiGyrmPjzpfí b0wGif tajcwus raMumifh
0rf;ajrmuf oGm;aprnf jzpfaMumif; rif;Bu;D u azsmif;zsjyefonf/ rMuaevdu k zf Ykd wdu
k wf eG ;f onf/ a&onfrmS rl ra&mif&h EJ ikd f ao;ay/
odkYaomf a&onfu aiGptm½kH rpGefYEdkifaMumif;udkom þwGif rif;pnfprd u f kd cHpm;aprSom auseyf a&mif&h rJ I
wifjyefonf/ odEYk iS hf a&onfukd olaX;bJUG cíH at;csr;f pGmaeEdik &f ef jzpfapawmhrnf[k qdu k m rif;Bu;D u Am&mPoDjynfukd wpf0ufcíGJ
aiGom; wpfuak #ay;rnf aiGav;a½G;pJv G rf;rI wPSmudk jzwfyg tdraf ½St Y &mcH,al pNy;D rif;vkyf tkycf sKycf iG hf ay;vdu k o f nf/ a&onf
awmh[k rif;Bu;D u rdefUqdkjyefonf/ a&onfrmS qdNk rt J wdik ;f yif/ onfum; aiGav;a½G;udk wyfrufveG ;f vSygonf/ tdraf ½SY rif;pnf;
pdrfjzifh BuD;us,fcrf;em;pGm pHpm;&aomfvnf; rwif;wdrfEdkif/
odkYaMumifha&onfwGif auseyfa&mifh&JrI jzpfapatmif
]]..igh0rf;xJrSm? tcJraus? yJ0ufaiGaMumifh? raeEdkifatmif
tdrfa½SYt&mpnf;pdrfudk ajrmufpHtdrfawmfESifhwuG Am&mjynfudk
½SdcJhonf..}}[k xkwfazmf ajymqdkcJhonf/ ]]bk&m; rwfrwf?
wpf0ufjcrf;pHpm;aprnf[rk ed u Yf m aiGav;a½G;udpu ö kd Ny;D jywfap
pufpHk&yfí? twyfyif? a[muwnf;? onfaZmudkt[kwf?
vdkufonf/ a&onfurl aiGptm½Hu k kd jzwf&ef cufcv J yS gonf[k
igrcsKyEf idk b f ;l }}[k 0efccH o hJ nf/ tdrfa½SYt&m pHpm;aevsufrSmyif
wifjzpfatmif wifvu kd yf gao;onf/
ajrmufNrKd U½;kd ½Sd aiGav;a½G;udk ud, k wf ikd f oGm;,lcyhJ gao;onf/
a&onfa,mufsm;ESifh O',rif;BuD;wdkYonf aiGav;
a&onfa,mufsm; aiGav;a½G;wyfrufyrkH mS þodUk vQif
a½G;udk taMumif;jyKí þodkYvQif tjyeftvSef pum;qdkMu
vGev f eG uf u J J Edik v
f eG ;f vSygownf;/
ygownf;/ /

11/ a&onfa,mufsm; tdrfa½SYrif; rjzpfrD pdwfxm; ]]O,smOfawmfcef;}}ESifh ]]owdoHa0*& awmxGufcef;}}yg
a&onfa,mufsm; tdrfa½SYrif; rjzpfrD pdwfxm;rSm taMumif; tcsufrsm;udk tajcjyKonfh ar;cGef;½SnfavhvmrI
vGwv f yf aygyh g;vSygonf/ 1/ rif;Bu;D udk owf&ef BupH Of pdwaf umif; pdwjf rwfu tedik &f
olonfaeYpOf rem;wrf;a&a&mif;xGu&f yHu k kd nnf;ñlrd onffh tdraf ½Srh if; (\twGi;f pdwf tm;NyKd irf rI sm;)^(wGif jzpfay:onfh
wwfaomfvnf; vufriId cf s awGa0 ai;arm raeyg/ ]uH a½So Y mG ;? pdwx f m;rsm;)udk tuJjzwfyg/
uHxm;&m[J}h ]Muufuef; cGyv f Ykd yJu
G Rwaf tmif Edik af o;oy}[k 2/ rif;Bu;D udk owf&efBupH Of a&onf tdraf ½SrY if; awG;awm
tm;wif;um uHudk ,Hkonfh pdwftawG;½Sdol jzpfygonf/ ajymqdkyHk rsm;udk oifhpum;jzifh ajzqdkyg/
a&onfrESifh qHkawGUpOf olYb0 taMumif; pHkudk 3/ tdraf ½SrY if; idak uR;um aemifw&Ny;D O',rif;Bu;D xH 0efcsawmif;
jyef&müvnf;]]Opöm jynfph ?kH "e*kPEf iS ?hf uHv k bkH cd si;f ? rodrzf si;f ygb;l ? yef avQmufxm;yHrk sm;udk oifph um;jzifh a&;yg/
vlqif;&J rrSwo f ifyh g...}}[k qdo k nf/ yGiv hf if;ol jzpfonf/ od0k u S f 4/ tdraf ½SrY if; 0efcsawmif;yefpOf O',rif;Bu;D rdeq Yf ykd u
kH kd oifph um;
zH;k uG,f wGew Yf v kd akd om oabmxm; uif;ayonf/ a&onfr\ jzifh a&;yg/ ^ tdraf ½Srh if;tm; xDeef;vGt J yfEikd af Mumif;ajymqdyk u kH kd
b0qif;&J csKdUwJhyHkwdkYudk od&onfwGifvnf; b0wlcsif; pmem oifph um;jzifh a&;yg/ aemifw&onfh tdraf ½SrY if; tay: rif;Bu;D \
em;vnfay;wwfonfh pdwfxm;½SdcJhum? a&onfrESifh arwåmrQ oabmxm;udk tuJjzwfyg/ ^ tdraf ½SrY if;tay: O',rif;
onft h cgwiG f tdraf xmifzufMuif M uif& m &½SNd y[ D o l nfh pdwu f ;l jzifh xm;onfh oabmxm;udk tuJjzwfyg/
tl;jrL; 0rf;ajrmufaewwfonf/ 5/tdraf ½SrY if; owdoaH 0* &um avmutjrif ajymif;vJyu kH kd
vufxyfyt GJ wGuf p&efcef;0iftjzpf wif&ef aiGav;a½G; tuJjzwfyg/
udk oGm;,lpOf Am&mjynfh½Sif O',rif;Bu;D u awGYjrif pdwf0ifpm; 6/tdraf ½SrY if; owdoaH 0* &NyjD zpfaMumif; ajymqdyk u kH kd oifph um;jzifh
ac:,l pHpk rf; taMumif;pHo k Nd y;D oem;pdwf 0ifum qufroGm;&ef a&;yg/ ^wdik ;f jynfx;D eef; vJt T yfc&H pOf tdraf ½SrY if;ajymqdyk u kH kd
wm;onfwiG v f nf; vGwv f yf aygyh g;aom pdwx f m;½So d l yDoygonf/ oifph um;jzifh a&;yg/
rif;BuD; ajrSmufpm;ay;oem; vmonfwkdUudk cyfoGufoGufyif 7/awmxGurf nft h aMumif; tdraf ½SrY zd &k m;tm; tdraf ½SrY if;u
vufco H nf/ odaYk omf rdrpd w d uf kd rod0k u S cf ahJ y/ ]]..... NrKd U½;kd Mum;rSm? rSmMum;ajymqdyk u kH kd oifph um;jzihaf &;yg/ ^... tdraf ½SrY if;ESihf
olae½SmwJh [dk[mav;udkvnf;? ajy;í ,lcsifvSygao;onf}} rdz&k m;wdYk tjyeftvSeaf jymqdMk uyHu k kd oifph um;jzifh a&;yg/
ponfjzifh t&if;cHtwdik ;f zGi[ hf ½Smonf/ 8/ a&onfr tdraf ½SY rdz&k m; jzpfNy;D pdwx f m;udk avhvm tuJjzwfyg/
pGJNrJaom pdwfxm;rsKd;½Sdonf[kvnf; qdk&ygOD;rnf/ 9/a&onfr\ b0udk pdw0f ifpm;zG,f a&;om;yg/
O',rif;Bu;D u ay;urf;wm;jrpfvmonfh tcgwikd ;f wGif ay;oem; 10/O',rif;Bu;D pdwx f m;udk ajzyg/ ^ O',rif;tMumif; Munfnkd
onfukd vufcNH y;D aemuf ]]..... jzKwrf suv f ;kH avmuf? ao;vdyYk if av;pm;zG,f azmfjyyg/
aysmufuwnf;? raxmufr½I? tenf;i,frQuv kd ?Ykd w,fu&rjyK 11/a&onfa,mufsm;\ b0udk pdw0f ifpm;zG,f a&;om;yg/
oifb h ;l /.....}}[k wifavQmufavh ½So d jl zpfonf/ aemufq;kH wGif
rif;Bu;D cs;D ajrmS ufí tdraf ½SrY if; jzpfcahJ vonf/
tdrfa½SYrif;rjzpfrD a&onf\ pdwfoabmxm;udk
qef;ppfvQif aysmaf ysm½f iT ½f iT f aewwfo?l uHw&m;udk ,HMk unfo?l c&D;.....
BuHKus&m b0udk &ifqdkif&Jol? avmu"Hudk jzwfoef;&Jol? tajccHenf;wJholrmS c&D;odyrf wGif jzpfwwfw,f/
taumif;jrifwwfo?l b0wlcsi;f az;rwwfo?l a&a&mif;vkypf m ydNk yD;tm;xkw/f ydNk yD;&ifqikd /f ydNk yD;avQmufvrS ;f ypf/
aiGav;tenf;i,fuykd if wefz;kd xm; wyfrufo?l yGiv hf if; ½d;k ajzmifo h l &yfraerdapeJY/ /
ponfjzifh qif;&Jaomfvnf; cifrifESpfvdkzG,fpdwfxm;½Sdoltjzpf
awGjY rifEikd yf gownf;/ /

12/ tdraf ½SrY if;wGif jzpfay:onfh twGi;f pdwf tm;NyKd irf rI sm; 13/ rif;Bu;D toufukd Bu½H , G pf Of a&onf tdraf ½SUrif;ajymqdyk rkH sm;
a&onftrd af ½Srh if;onf O,smOfawmfwiG f rif;Bu;D ESihf a&onftrd af ½Srh if;onf O,smOfawmfwiG f rif;Bu;D ESihf
twl½SdpOf qdwfNidrfonfhtcgudk &ojzifh rif;BuD;udk owfNyD; twl½SdpOf qdwfNidrfonfhtcgudk &ojzifh rif;BuD;udk owfNyD;
wpfyg;wnf; rif;jyK&ef BuyH gonf/ þwGif pdw, f w k Ef iS hf pdwaf umif; wpfyg;wnf; rif;jyK&ef BuyH gonf/
twGi;f pdwf tm;NyKd irf rI sm; jzpfay:cyhJ gonf/ rdrad ygix f uf0,f rif;Bu;D pufaysmaf eonfukd Munfu h m
rdrdaygifxuf0,f pdwfcsvufcs tdyfpufaysmfaeonfh ]]igonf eef;avmif;vsm jzpfxu kd of nfh tcGiu hf EH iS hf tcgaumif;
O',rif;Bu;D udk Munfu h m rdrt d wGuf tcGit hf cgaumif;ay:Ny[ D k &ayNyD/ qkawmif;jynfhayNyD/ ..........}} ponfjzifhqdkonf/
tBuH&onf/ eef;avmif;vsm jzpfxdkufí qkawmif;ESifhtnD rif;ESpyf g; cJaG 0tkycf sKy&f ojzifh pdw½f yI pf &mvnf; aumif;vSonf[k
jzpfvmonf[k wGuo f nf/ rif;ESpyf g;cJaG 0 tkycf sKy&f onfh tjzpfukd tvdkrus ajymqdkaejyefonf/ ,cktcGit hf a&;&pOf rif;Bu;D udk
pdw½f yI pf &m[k awG;um rmefwuf\/ rif;BuD;udk vkyfBuHvdkufrS z,f&Sm;NyD;onfESifh igwpfyg;wnf; pH&ayawmhrnf ponfjzifh
wpfjynfv;kH udk odr;f ydu k &f rnf[k pdw, f wk rf mtawG;jzpfco hJ nf/ tm;&0rf;om Bu½H , G pf w
d u
f ;l cJyh gonf/
odkYpOfrSmyif pdwaf umif;pdwjf rwf tcHu tm;NyKd iEf ;dk x odkYaomf a&onftdrfa½Shrif;onf aus;Zl;odwwfol
vmcJyh gonf/ rif;Bu;D u ajrmS ufpm;ojzifh tdraf ½SrY if; pnf;pdrjf zifh jzpfonf/ atmufqHk;rSm jzpfaom rdrdb0udk ajrSmufpm;chJol
jynfwpf0uf tkyfcsKyfcGifh &cJhonf[k owdw&m; 0ifonf/ rif;Bu;D udk rdwaf qGaumif;0wf rzsuo f if[ h k qdu k m ud, k phf wd u f kd
aus;Zl;uef;jyKrl&ef roif[ h k awG;Ny;D ud, k ½f edS f owfvu kd yf gonf/ ud, k jf yefxed ;f cJoh nf/
xdo k o Ykd wd0ifrad omfvnf; avmuwGif olawmfaumif; od k Y a omf v nf ; avmbpd w f u ruk e f a o;acs/
pdwx f m;jzifh usiBhf uaH eygvQif vwfwavm tusK;d pD;yGm ysufwwf avmuwGif w&m;ojzifh usiBhf uv H Qif vwfwavm tusKd ; aysmuf
onf[kawG;NyD; tcGifhtcgudk trdt& zrf;vsuf axmufxm; ysuf w wf o nf / aus;Zl ; w&m; raxmuf b J ZG w f w ½G w f
iJn
h mS jcif;rjyK ZGww f ½Gwf vkyrf o S m tBuNH y;D ajrmuf wwfonf[k ayayawaw jyKusifholom pdwful;onfhtwdkif; NyD;ajrmu
pdwq f ;kd pdwn f pfrsm; jzpfymG ;vmjyefonf/ odaYk omf tdraf ½SrY if;\ Ef ikd Mf uonf/ ponfjzihf ud, k v f &kd mudk qGaJ wG; ajymqdk aejyefonf/
yifupkd w d af umif;tcHu jyefvnf tm;NyKd if vmcJyh gonf/ igb h 0\ rif;BuD;onf rdrdtwGuf bk&m;avmif; aus;Zl;½Sif
t½Sio f cifukd usL;vGev f Qif bk&m;udk jypfrmS ;onft h vm; t0Dpid &J jzpfayonf/ rif;Bu;D udk vkyBf uv H Qif bk&m;½Siu f kd jypfrmS ;onft h vm;
usc&H ayvdrrhf nf ponfjzifh qifjcifonf/ t0Dpid &JwiG f rvGww f rf; usc&H ayvdrrhf nf/ ponfjzihf qifjcif
xdo k ½Ykd pdS OfrmS yif avmbpdwv f ufusew f u Ykd tm;NyKd iv f m awG;awmajymqdak erdjyefonf/
cJhjyefonf/ arsmufom;udk awmifhwolwdkY arsmufrsufESmudk odaYk omfvnf; arsmufom;cHk rifow l Ykd arsmufrsuEf mS udk
rMunfw h rf; jyKouJo h Ykd pd;k ½HaG emufweG rYf rI xm; MuufrcGyf onft h vm; rMunfb h J pdwv f &kd mudk twm;tqD; rxm; jyKouJo h Ykd rdro d nfvnf;
tNyD;owf aygufajrmufatmif jyKoifhonf/ odkYrSom rdrdb0 aus;Zl;raxmuf jyKrS pdwu f ;l twdik ;f Ny;D ajrmufrnf/ b0tajc
xl;xl;jcm;jcm; wdk;wuf ajymif;vJayrnf ponfh tawG;rsm; wd;k jrifrh nf ponfjzihf tcdserf aESmif;cif BuaH qmifvu kd &f ef tm;,l
0ifvmygao;onf/ pdwu f ;l ajymqdrk ad o;onf/
onfhaemufwGif jrifhjrwfaom? oDv pifMu,faom? tqHk;wGif ]]......w&m; raxmuf? ysufacsmf,Gif;yg;?
rif;BuD;udk jypfrSm;vQif tqHk;pGefaom trSm;udk usL;vGef&m pif;vH;k cRwf BurH jd im;vQi?f rSm;vdo Yk m arSmufua&mhrnf}} ponfjzifh
a&mufayvdrfhrnf rif;BuD;udk pdwfjzifhyif rrSm;oifh ponfjzifh w&m;ysuf jyKrdu trSm;BuD; rSm;ayvdrfhrnf [k qifjcif
qifjcifum tjypf0efcs awmif;yef&ef qH;k jzwfcyhJ gonf/ awG;qEdik cf o hJ nf/
tNyD ; owf tuJ j zwf v d k u f v Q i f avmb? arm[? þodYk tBurd Bf urd f csw D kH cswkH awG;awm ajymqdu k m
trdu k af rSmifukd yifukd pdw&f if; pdwaf umif; pdwjf rwfu tm;NyKd if aus;Zl;½Sifudk jypfrSm;jcif; rjyK&efESifh tjypf0efcsawmif;yef&ef
csKd ;ESrd f z,f½mS ; tEdik , f l vdu k Ef ikd af Mumif; oH;k oyfEikd yf gownf;/ qH;k jzwfEikd cf yhJ gownf;/

14/ aemifw&onfh tdraf ½SrY if;tay: O',rif;\ oabmxm; 15/ tdraf ½SrY if; owdoaH 0* &um avmutjrif ajymif;vJykH
Am&mPoD j ynf h ½ S i f jzpf v mol O',rif ; BuD ; onf a&onfonf ajrmufpHtdrfawmfwGif tdrfa½hSt&m
olqif;&Jom; a&onf a,mufsm;udk aiGav;a½G; tm½Hpk eG EYf ikd af p&ef pnf;pdru f kd rdz&k m;ESit hf wlcpH m; pHpm;um b0tajcajymif;vJcNhJ yD
tqifhqifh csD;ajrSmufoem;cJh&mrS tdrfa½SYt&mESihf Am&mjynf jzpfonf/ odaYk omf a&onfb0u 0Suo f rd ;f xm;onfh ajrmufNrKd U½;kd ½Sd
xuf0ufukd vTJcJhygonf/ cspfMunfpdwfxm;jzifh O,smOfawmfü aiGav;a½G;udk ud, k w f ikd o f mG ;,lcahJ o;onf/
twlek m;aecJo h nf/ xdpk Of qdwNf ird &f mudk &cdu k f tdraf ½SrY if;u rif;Bu;D tjyefwiG f rif;Bu;D ESiq hf NkH y;D O,smOfawmfoYkd vdu k yf gc&hJ \/
touf u d k BuH ½ G , f r d & m tjypf c G i f h v T w f y g&ef rif ; BuD ; xH þwGif rif;ESpfyg; tem;,lum qdwfNidrf&mudk&pOf rif;BuD;udk
awmif;yefvmonf/ rif;Bu;D onf aemifw &onfh tdraf ½SrY if;tm; vkyBf uv H u kd yf gu rdrw d pfyg;wnf; Am&mjynfukd rif;jyK tkycf sKycf iG hf
cGiv hf w
T Mf unfjzLcJyh gonf/ &rnf[k avmbawG;rsm; jzpfymG ;cJ&h onf/ rif;Bu;D \ aus;Zl;w&m;
tarmif tdraf ½SrY if;onf eef;½dk;quf r[kwaf Mumif;? wdu Yk kd axmufxm;onfh odwwfrv I nf; tNyKd if jzpfay:cyhJ gonf/
odaYk omf MunfjzLpdwx f m;jzifh rif;crf; rif;em;ajrmS ufpm;cJah Mumif;? pdw, f w
k Ef iS hf pdwaf umif; tBurd Bf urd f tm;NyKd iu f m trSm;udk rjyK
xdkYaMumifh aus;Zl;½Sif rdrdudk rjypfrSm;xdkufaMumif;? wpfyg;ol oifah Mumif; qifjcifEikd cf o hJ nf/ þwGi, f w k rf maom trIukd jyKap&ef
wpfO;D wpfa,mufu awmif;cHvmvQiyf if OD;acgi;f ? tonf;ESv;kH vSKaH qmfwwfonfh wPSm avmb\ tjypfukd jrifum rif;Bu;D xH
ay;vSL&ef 0efrav;onfh rdru d kd toufvyk Bf u&H ef rvdak Mumif; ½Scd ;kd awmifyefco hJ nf/ rif;Bu;D u onf;cHciG v hf w T u f m wdik ;f jynf
ponfjzifh rdr\ d yifupkd w d x
f m;udk OD;pGm ½Si;f jycJyh gonf/ xdaYk emuf xD;eef;udyk if vTt J yfrnf [k qdv k monf/
rdrdonf bk&m;ÚmPfynm qkyefxm;um yg&rD jznfhusifhaeol odaYk omf tdraf ½SrY if;onfum; avmutjrif ajymif;oGm;NyD
rif;jrwfjzpfonfEiS hf tnD ,ck tdraf ½SrY if; tvd½k ydS gvQif xD;eef;ESihf jzpfygonf/ wPSmavmbwdjYk zifh tjypfqif;&Jukd jzpfapwwfaom
wpfjynfvHk;udk vTJay;rnf jzpfaMumif; ½Sif;jycJhygonf/ avmubHw k wYkd iG f rusiv f nfvkd awmhyg[k qdv k u kd o f nf/ wm0wð
þwGif rif;BuD;onf tdrfa½SYrif;udk jypfwifajymqdkrI omü yifvQif odMum;rif;udk pMu0aw;rif;u owf&efBuo H nfh
jyKjcif;rsK;d r[kwb f rJ rd d oabmxm;udk em;vnfap&efEiS hf trSm;trSef tjzpfrsKdk ; ½Szd ;l yHu k vkd nf; om"u wifonf/
cJGjcm;odjrifap&efudkom taMumif; tusKd; taumif;tqdk; xdkYaBumifh atmuft&yf i&JrS txuf ewfjynfwdkif
aqG;aEG;onfh oabmtoGif jzpfcahJ Mumif; awGjY rifEikd yf gonf/ þodYk wPSm avmb tjypfwo Ykd m zH;k vTr;f ae onf[al om oHa0* tjrif
a&onftrd af ½SrY if;tay: tjypfr,l? cGiv hf wT Mf unfjzLNrJ jzpfonfh udk avQmufwifvdkufonf/ rnfonfh tm½HkudkrQ wefz;kd xm;zG,?f
rif;Bu;D oabmxm;rSm Bu;D jrwfveG ;f vSygonf/ xdrk QS ruao;yg/ rufarm zG,[ f k rjrifawmhacs/ pufqyk ½f ½HG mS xdwv f efzY ,
G [ f o k m
tdraf ½SrY if;tm; xD;eef; vTt J yfay;Ny;D aemuf rdru d vufatmuf xifjrif rdawmhonf/ avmuD tm½Hk umr*kPw f \ Ykd oabmrSm
i,fom; tjzpf tcpm;0if trIxrf;zdkYudkvnf; 0efrav;yg[k vdkufpm;oltm; a&mif&h jJ cif; udk rjzpfapedik /f
qd k y gao;onf / aemif w &ol td r f a ½S Y r if ; u oH a 0*&um qm;iefa&udk aomufoHk;onfhtvm; jzpfawmhonf/
xD;eef;pnf;pdrf rrufarm awmxGurf nf[k cGiyhf efonft h cgü vnf; qif;&Jjcif;rS vGwaf jrmuf&m r*fw&m;wdu Yk o kd m aqmif,v l akd wmh
om"kac: cs;D rGr;f um qkreG af umif; a>ccJah yao;onf/ onf/ ,ck rif;BuD; vTJtyfvmonfh eef;pnfprd f udv k nf; wefz;kd
þodv Yk Qif tdraf ½SrY if;tay: tjypf cGiv hf w
T f MunfjzLum xm; jrwfE;kd p&m[k rjrif/ axmifwef; tcsKycf ef;wdw Yk iG f tcsKyt f aESmif
Bu;D jrwfaom oabmxm; ½Syd u kH kd tuJjzwfEikd yf gownf;/ / cH&onft h vm; xdwv f efrY d awmhonf/
tdrfa½SYrif;onf þodkYvQif owdoHa0* &cJhygonf/
avmutjrif ajymif;vJco hJ nf/ odEYk iS hf avmuDupkd eT íYf avQmaf w
ouFe;f vJum awmt&yfoYkd ckrd ;DS awmhrnft Y aMumif; avQmufwif
cGiyhf efavawmhonf/
&nfrSef;csuf r½Sdu b0tm;rmefvnf; r½Sd/ NudK;yrf;rIvnf; r½Sd/ þonfrmS tdraf ½Srh if; owdoaH 0*& âvmutjrif
ajymif;vJykH jzpfygawmhownf;/ /

16/ awmxG u f r nf h u d p ö td r f a ½S h r if ; u td r f a ½S h r d z k & m;ud k 18/ tdrfa½SYrif;ESifh rdzk&m;wdkY awmxGufrnfhudpö tjyeftvSef
rSmMum;ajymqdyk kH ajymqdMk uyHH k
tdraf ½Srh if;onf Am&mPoDjynfukd wpfyg;wnf; tkycf sKyf tdraf ½Srh if;onf Am&mPoDjynfukd wpfyg;wnf; tkycf sKyf
rif;vkyfrnf[k BuHum rif;BuD;toufudk ½G,fcJh&mrS trSm;udk rif;vkyfrnf[k BuHum rif;BuD;toufudk ½G,fcJh&mrS trSm;udk
qifjcifum tjypf0efcsawmif;yefcyhJ gonf/ rif;Bu;D u cGiv hf w
T of nf qifjcifum tjypf0efcsawmif;yefcyhJ gonf/ rif;Bu;D u cGiv hf wT o f nf
omru xD;eef;udkyif vGJtyfcJhvmonfwGif avmuDpnf;pdrfudk omru xD;eef;udkyif vGJtyfcJhvmonfwGif avmuDpnf;pdrfudk
wG,w f mrdjcif;\ tjypfwu Ykd kd pufqyk vf suf oHa0*&um awmxGuf wG,w f mrdjcif;\ tjypfwu Ykd kd pufqyk v f suf oHa0*&um awmxGuf
w&m;usi&hf ef qH;k jzwfEikd cf ahJ vonf/ w&m;usi&hf ef qH;k jzwfEikd cf ahJ vonf/
odkYESifhtdrfa½Shrdzk&m;udk ac:,lum awmxGufrnfh odkYESifh tdrfa½SYrif;ESifh rdzk&m;wdkY awmxGufrnfhudpö
taMumif;wdu Yk kd þodrYk mS Mum; today;cJo h nf/ tjyeftvSef ajymqdMk uygonf/
rdrod nf trSm;Bu;D rSm;cJah Mumif; ajymjycJo h nf/ rif;Bu;D tdrfa½SYrif;u rdrdonftBuHpdwful; vGJcJhaMumif;?
toufukd Bu½H , G cf rhJ o
d nfh rdrt d jzpfrmS vlUavmuwGif touf½iS f bk&m;½Siftvm; jrifhjrwfol aus;Zl;½Sifrif;BuD;\ toufudk
oef aexdkifzdkYudkyif roifhawmhaMumif; rdrdtjzpfudk qef;ppf BuH½G,frdaMumif;? ½dkif;pdkif;vSonfh rdrdtjzpfrSm vlYavmuwGif
jycJyh gonf/ awmif;yefonfrh rd u d kd rif;Bu;D u cGiv
hf w
T of nf;cHonf touf½iS o f efzyYkd if roifah wmhaMumif;? rif;Bu;D url cGiv hf w T o f nf
omru wdik ;f jynfukd vTt J yfvmao;aMumif; rif;Bu;D \ oabmxm; omru Am&mjynf xD;eef;udkyif vTJtyfvmcJhaMumif;? jrifhjrwf
jrifjh rwfyukH v
kd nf; ajymjycJo h nf/ jynfh0vSol &m*uif;pifum a½TpifcJtvm; jzpfol rif;BuD;udk
rif;BuD;rSm yg&rD½Sif jzpfaMumif;? tjypfuif;pifol jypfrmS ;rdojzifrh rd rd mS avmuwGif aexdik &f ef r0YaH wmhbJ wPSm
jzpf a Mumif ; ? &m*uif ; pif o l jzpf a Mumif ; ? a½T p if c J t vm; tm½Hw k uYkd kd jzwfawmufEikd &f ef awmt&yfoYkd ckrd ;DS um r*fw&m;wdu Yk kd
oefYpifvSonfh rif;BuD;jzpfjcif;aMumifh rdkufrSm;rdaom rdrdonf usiBhf uH tm;xkwrf nf jzpfaMumif;? ESrawmftaejzifh tdraf wmfwiG f
avmuwGif aexdik &f ef r0Hah wmhaMumif;? xdaYk Mumifh wPSmtm½Hw k uYkd kd om pH&pfvdku pH&pfEdkifygaMumif; ponfjzifh tcGifhay;rSmMum;
jzwfawmuf Edkif&ef awmt&yfodkY rSSDckdum r*fw&m;wdkYudk
ajymqdck yhJ gonf/
usiBhf ut H m;xkwrf nf jzpfaf Mumif;? ESrawmf taejzifh tdraf wmfüom
pH&pfvdku pH&pfEdkifygaMumif; ponfjzihf ajymqdkcJhygonf/ tdraf ½SrY zd &k m;onf tdraf ½SrY if;u tcGiahf y;aomfvnf;
ajrmufpt H rd af wmfwiG f wpfyg;wnf; pHraecJah y/ tdraf ½SrY if;ESihf cJu G m
tdrfa½Shrif;onf rdrduawmxGufrnf jzpfaomfvnf;
rdrdwpfyg;wnf;pH&ygu vGrf;pdwfjzifh ndSK;EGrf;acG,dkifum
rdz&k m;udrk l þodv Yk Qit f cGihf ay;cJah Mumif; awGU&ygonf/
raewwfatmif cHpm;&ygvrd rhf nf[k olo Y abmxm;udk ajymjy cJo h nf/
þonfrSm tdrfa½SYrif;u rdrdawmxGufawmhrnfh armifawmfukd ywåjrm;qHx;kd ozG,?f vnfqb JG ,ufozG,f rcGrJ cGm
taMumif ; ud p ö u d k rd z k & m;tm; rS m Mum;ajymqd k yH k r sm;yif jrwfEdk;aMumif;? pHtdrfawmfwGif oufqHk;wdkif aysmfpHrnf[k
jzpfygawmhonf/ / &nfreS ;f xm;ygaMumif;? ½Siu f JG rcGEJ ikd yf gaMumif; ponfjzifh olcY spaf rwåm
oHa,mZOf BuD;rm;yHkwdkYudk today;um armifawmf r½Sdonfh
t&yfonf olwpfyg; &yf½Gmomjzpfí rsufESmi,f tm;udk;rJh
raevdkaMumif;udk toem;cHonf/ xdkYaemufwGif tdrfa½SYrif;
awmxGuf usifhBuHrnfh c&D;vrf;yef; wpfavQmuf rdrdudk
wmul;csed f
vduk yf gciG jhf yKyg&ef awmif;yefavQmufxm; vdu k yf gonf/
wefcl;rnfrSwf? zufqGwfa&wdk;? oMuFefrdk; þonf r S m td r f a ½S Y r if ; ES i f h td r f a ½S Y r d z k & m;wd k Y
wefcl;a&ukef?uqkefa&cef; awmxG u f r nf h u d p ö tjyef t vS e f r S m Mum;ajymqd k M uyH k r sm;yif
uqkeftwGif; ajroif;ysHUysHU? rdk;ESHUESHh jzpfygownf;/ /

19/ tdraf ½SUrzd &k m;jzpfNy;D pdwx
f m; 0guszUGJ avhusichf ef;rsm;( tydik f avhvmrSwo f m;xm;yg )
a&onfronf b0wl a&onfa,mufsm;ESihf arwåmrSQNy;D (01) ua&muyg;/ /&xm;xGucf ge;D rS aemufus c&D;onftcsKUd
aemuf a&onfa,mufsm; tdraf ½SUrif; jzpfonfwiG f olonfvnf; ajy;vTm; a&mufvmMuavonf/
tdraf ½SUrzd &k m; tjzpfoYkd a&mufcyhJ gonf/ (02) tm½Hk / / pdwf\ rSDwG,f&m rsm;udk pJv G rf;
aejcif;onf wPS mudk wd;k yGm;apygonf/
tdraf ½SUrzd &k m;jzpfvmonfwiG f av;pm;zG,f aumif;
(03) uif;0wfvn S /hf /&yf½mG vHNk cKH a&;twGuf ½Gmom;rsm; ud, k wf ikd f
onfrSm rdzk&m;wpfyg;\ usifh0wf odu©mESifh avsmfnDatmif
npOf tvSnu hf s Mu\/
]tvQi;f raxmif?h oDwif;apmif}h ol jzpfcjhJ cif;yif/ ]armifo h ufEiHS ,f}[k
(04) uHkvHk/ / pD;yGm;usdusdwufvmonfwGif tpp
qd&k avmufatmif tdraf ½SUrif;\ cspjf rwfE;kd jcif;udv k nf; cH,El ikd cf &hJ m
ukeu f sp&dww f Ykd twGuf avawmhownf;/
ZeD;aumif;usifh0wfwdkYudk wefzdk;xm;onfh pdwfxm;ydkif½Sif
(05) usu d sw d uf/ / pD;yGm;wdk;ojzifh vm&m
jzpfonf[k qdEk ikd o f nf/
vlrKS a&;wGif aiGtajrmuftjrm; vSKEikd af vonf/
O',rif;\toufukd Bu½H , G rf ad Mumif; tdraf ½SUrif;u (06) acsmydkY / / &yfa0;aeoli,fcsi;f twGuf vufaqmif
ajymjyvmonfwGif tdrfa½SUrdzk&m;onf wpfpHkwpf&m jypfwif ygq,fudk pmwdu k rf w
S pfqifh vdkufygonf/
a0zefjcif; rjyKcJhyg/ tdrfa½SUrif;ESifhcGJum ajrmufpHtdrfawmfwGif (07) csuaf umif; / / BudK;0dkif;ay:wGif a½T"l0Honf jydKifbufudk
wpfyg;wnf; pHae&pf&rnfh ta&;udo k m pd;k xdwcf o hJ l jzpfonf/ tvJx;kd owfEikd &f ef udk toHk;csavh½Sd\/
ajrmufpt H rd af wmfü &Ha½Gazmfpn kH pD mG jzifh wifw h ,fNird ;f csr;f (08) cRwNf cKH / / olaX;om;aomfvnf; tarGukd rxde;f odr;f
MunfompGm rif;pnf;pdrf pHpm;ae&onfh b0rSm om,mrufarmzG,f wwfí vufrb hJ 0a&mufatmif uszl;\/
twdyif/ odaYk omf rdz&k m;\ pdwx f m;onf xd*k P k yf umoewdu Yk kd (09)ppfppfayguaf yguf/ / araronf tdrpf &dwu f kd oH;k wwfojzifh
wyfrufpv GJ ef;jcif; uif;cJah yonf/ aiGavvGirhf I r½SEd ikd af cs/
tdraf ½SUrif; r½So d nfh t&yfü ae&ygvQif ] rsupf o d il ,f? (10) w&Murf;/ / abmvH;k wku d pf pfr;I onf zdupm;
olYwdkif;v,f} qdkovdk pdwftm;i,f&ygrnf[k qdk½Smonf/ rd&m NyKd izf uftoif;ü temw& jzpfomG ;&avonf/
]vSraemfewf? wñdI;acGacG? b,fyHkESifh ajz&r,f...} [kvnf; (11) 'va[m / / rd;k Bu;D onfEiS ahf wmifus a&wdUk .
avQmufwifonf/ aumif;wl qd;k rQc, H rl nf]h aoQmifaemufqx H ;kH yg usav\/
pdwx f m;rsKd ;} jzpfaMumif; awGUjrif&onf/ (12) wl½/l / q&mBuD;½Hk;cef; rsufESmpm wGif
xdkYjyif ajrmufpHtdrfawmfü pH&NyD;aemufydkif; tdrfa½SY pka0;uGi;f ESihf tvHwikd u f kd jrifEikd yf gonf/
rdz&k m;\ arwåmoHa,mZOfrmS ydrk Mkd u;D rm;pJNG rcJ o hJ nf[k qdEk ikd o f nf/ (13) cef;0g / / vlwdkY usifvnf&m wGif
xdpk w d o f abmudk ]]avEJUG rnfp;kd ? a½Tonf;rSm ysK;d ygwhJ rñd;I yif }}[k urÇmajrBuD; onfyifvQif ocFg&jzpfayonf/
qdck ohJ nf/ cifyeG ;f tdraf ½SUrif;tay:O;D xdyx f m;yHu k v kd nf; ]]ywåjrm; (14) udk;rsufpHk / / pderf sujf yL;\ r*Fvm qdik ;f 0dik ;f Bu;D rSm
tyGi?hf jrauqif?h arcifv h nfq}GJ }[k qdo k nf/ rcJrG cGmMuifemrnfukd ta&miftvQH wzdwzf w d jf zifh usuo f a& wifv h yS gonf/
]]&a0vdyfMum? a½TvdyfjymrSm? aocgrS cJGr,f}}[k ajymjycJhonf/ (15) ckwifck / / uav;wdo Yk nf upm;p&mrSeo f rQukd
tdraf ½SUrif;awmxGu&f m ]] vrf;qpfwhJ NrKd iaf y:o?Ykd ud, k af wmfEiS hf ylqmwwf\/
vduk yf gawmhrnf}}[kvnf; cGiyhf efcahJ v&m r'áD '0D tvm; yg&rDjznfh (16) "r®wm / / td&k em& ao&rnfrmS rvTo J maom .
zufpw d xf m;rsK;d yif jzpfayonf/ yifwnf;/
xd k Y a Mumih f a&onf r \ rd z k & m;jzpf N yD ; pd w f x m;rS m (17) yg&rD / / tEkock rk wdüYk xl;cRe&f ef b0tqufquf
wnfMunfaom? ajzmifrh eS af om? oHa,mZOfBu;D aom? ZeD;r,m; uRr;f 0ifco hJ nfh ½S&d rnf[k qdMk u\/
aumif; yDoaom rde;f raumif;rde;f rjrwf pdwx f m;rsK;d [k qdEk ikd yf g (18) rEkeH UJ / / xufxufonf ausmif;ynmxl;cReo f nft h jyif
awmhownf;/ / tm;upm;ü vnf; acs/
(19) MuufrcGyf / / *kPfxl;½SifwdkYrSm tcuftcJrSeforQudk

Q
rqkwrf epf vHUk vjzifh vkyfum ausmfvTm;ajz½Sif;cJh&\/ (39) rk&if; / / rd;k vGeNf y;D aemuf a&oGi;f pyg;tjzpf udk
(20) aygi;f vef / / ukefavSBuD;onf ukefrsm;udk atmif tm;xm;pdu k yf sKd ;Muonf/
wifxm;&m avSeyH if jrKyrf wwf jzpfaeawmhonf/ (40) A&yspf/ / vrf;axmifh½Sd trdIufyHkrSm pnf;urf;rJh
(21) jyufou d m/ / aoG;wd;k a0'em½Sio f nf tiefavQm&Y ojzifh pGeyYf pftrdu
I f wdaYk Mumifh jzpfaeayNyD/
[if;td;k xJoUkd qm;udk omxnfh oH;k avh½ydS gonf/ (41) A&csm/ / armifzsif;onf 0wfqifaexdkifyHkutp
(22) ysHysL; / / þurÇmajr½Sd tvSopömonf obm0 t&m&mwGif Edkifavonf/
awmawmif a&ajrwdUk \ om,m wifw h ,f aerSKyif jzpf\/ (42) yDavm/ / v,folrBuD;onf v,fawmutjyef
(23) a&mif&h J / / &orQav;jzifh EdkifolrSm aomu tvG,cf ;l qGwcf o hJ nfh jzifo
h m [if;csKd csu&f avonf/
uif;a0;ayvdrrhf nf/( aomu ) (43) yqpftrd /f / olqif;&Jronf vHck snaf umif; r½Síd
(24) vluyfyg; / / oli,fcsi;f xH rScD akd exdik &f ol armifEu kH kd udkom 0wf&onf/
[k uJh½JhMuavonf/
(25) avmu"H/ / tvdkjynfhjcif;? tvdkrjynfhjcif; ponfh
aumif;?qd;k edr?hf jrifh wdUk ukd vlom;wdik ;f BuKH &ay\/
(26) pum;zef / / q&monf pmoifMum;pOf pdwf0ifpm; 0guszJGwm rvG,fvSyg
zG,jf zpfapatmif nSyu f m ½Si;f Nyavh½ydS gonf/
cyfayghayghawG;NyD;a&;vdkufwJh 0gusrSm a0g[m&teufrxif½Sm;bJ
(27) tcefUoifh / / ausnufNy;D om; oifcef;pmrsm;udk pmar;
yJüG ar;vm&m oGm;ygonf/ ½Swd wfw,f/
(28) tpyfwnfh / / tvSLyJrG S ig;ydaMumfEiS hf yJ[if;rSm t&om Oyrm 1/ rdbwdkY\ aus;Zl;um; jrif;rdk&fruBuD;rm;\/
.vSojzifh pm;Nrdef Muygonf/ 2/ armifarmifonf pmar;yJGusojzifh aemifw &ae\/
(29) tpdr;f zrf;/ / bDvl;wdkUonf om;aumifudk awGUvQif 3/ rronf tvGef ,Ofaus; onf/
tcsed rf qdik ;f bJ avh ½Sdonf/ 4/ a&onfronf xrif;[if;udk aygif;vefatmifpm;onf/
(30) taqmif/ / q&mpHonf rdrdwyfom;wdkYudk wkwfNyD; 5/ araronf aiGudk ppfppfaygufayguf oHk;wwfonf/
"g;Ny;D tif;tdik v f ufzUGJ wdjYk zifh &Jpw d af rG;apcJ\ h / ½Si;f vif;csuf
(31) tzwfwif/ / OD;½d;k yifpif,&l mwGif tusKd ;tjrwftjzpf 0gus 1 rSm rdbwdkY\ arwåw&m;udk qdkvdkwmvm;vdkY
qkaMu;aiG 10 - odef; avonf/
xifrSm;p&m ½Sdw,f/
(32) tvQi;f / / ynmjzifh toufarG;olwiG f raumif;usKd ;
jzpfjcif; uif;ayvdrrhf nf/ 0gus 2 rSm idkaewmrsm;vm;vdkY tawG;yGm;zG,fjzpfw,f/
(33) tm½kH / / avmuD umr*k P f rsm;onf 0gus 3 rSm vSwm?acsmwmudk ajymwmvdkvdk..../
aysmaf rGUoül pGv J rf;rSK wPS mudo k m wd;k yGm;ap\/ 0gus 4 rSm jcdK;NcHNyD;pm;wmvdkvdk..../
(34) teEÅ/ / pMu0VmwdkU\ qHk;prxifaom oabmudk [k 0gus 5 rSm jzKef;wD;wmvdkvdk.... ponfjzifh qdkvdkwJh
qdMk uygonf/ teufudk razmfaqmifEkdifwJh 0gusawG jzpfaeygw,f/
(35) uEÅm& / / a&ajropf½mS olw\ Ykd c&D;wpfavQmufwiG f rdbwdkY aus;Zl;jzifh om;orD;rsm; vl;vm;ajrmuf&\/
Murf;wrf;aom wduYk v
kd nf; jzwfoef;ausmv f mT ;cJ&h ayonf/ rronf jrefrmrdef;uav;yDoatmif ,Ofaus;\/
(36) pif;vH;k cRw/f / vlwdkYwGif Ny;D jynfph o kH nf [lí
araronf aiGravrvGifhatmif ppfppfaygufayguf oH;k \/
r½SEd ikd af y/
(37) £aÈ´ / /,Of,Ofonf trnfESifhvdkufatmif ½Svd \ S / ponfjzifh taMumif;tusKd;azmfjycsuf ay:vGifatmif avhusifhyg/
(38) aumufvsi/f / 0rf;pmtwGuf tvG,w f ul pdu k yf sK;d pm;oH;k
vdo k nft h cg udkom tm;xm; Mu&ygonf/

&onfjyZmwftvuFm tajzrsm; pkpnf;azmfjycsuf
P227
tcef;(2) ]a&onfrdef;r pum;qdkcef;}rS tvuFmrsm;
tcef;(1) ]a&onfa,mufsm; pum;qdkcef;}rS tvuFmrsm;
6/ uHrsufpdvnf( 0uF0kwdå )
1/ qefwGif;u eufvGef;vdkY( 0uF0kwdå )
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif b0qif;&Jedrfhus
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif 0rf;a&;csdKwJhyHkudk
vSaMumif; nnf;ñlajymqdo k nfh a&onfr\pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
nnf;ñlajymqdo k nfh a&onfa,musmf ;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
aumif;aom tcGifhuHtvSnfhudk BuHKqHkcJhzl;jcif;rsdK; r½Sdyg[k
]0rf ; a&;ucuf c J v G e f ; vS o jzif h }[k wd k u f ½ d k u f r qd k b J
wduk ½f u k J ]uHrsupf v
kd rf qdb d nfonf(aumif;aom uHtvSno hf nf rdrx
d H
]qef w G i f ; u euf v G e f ; vd k U } [k oG , f 0 d k u f a &;zJ G U x m;aomaMumif h
vrf;rSm;a&muf vmonf)yif} r½Syd g[k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm;...../
7/ vnfacsmif;udk ajrvSef( twdo, )( vnfacsmif;udk ajrvSef?
2/ zGwfrif;aemif( 0uF0kwåd )
*vHq k efatmif?...)
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif b0qif;&JvSaMumif;
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif tpm;qif;&Jonfh
nnf;ñl ajymqdo k nfh a&onfa,musmf ;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
tajcudk nnf;ñl ajymqdkonfh a&onfrpum;tjzpf oHk;xm;ygonf/
]tvGefqif;&J rJGawol}[kk wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]zGwfrif;aemif
Murf ; wrf ; vS o nf h tpmaMumih f rsKd c spm;aomuf & mü
(zG w f r if ; uyif aemif a wmf t &m xm;&avmuf a tmif rJ G o l ) }[k
cufcJvSonfudk omrefrQ rqdkbJ ]vnfacsmif;om;udk ajrvSefypf
oG,0f u kd af &;zJUGxm;............./
vdu
k o f vdk cHpm;&onf}[k tvGet f MuL;..../
3/ jymawmifBuD;ayguf( twdo,0kwdå )
8/ *vHkqef( jrnfoHpJG )
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGifb0 qif;&JvSaMumif;
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif tpm;qif;&JvSonfh
nnf;ñl ajymqdo k nfh a&onfa,musmf ;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
tajcudk nnf;ñl ajymqdo k nfh a&onfr\pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
tvGeq f if;&J rGaJ wonfukd omrefrQ rqdb k J ]jymawmifBu;D
Murf;wrf;vSonfh tpm;tpm 0rf;wGif;odkY usqif;oGm;
ayguf(awmifBuD; aygufavmufonftxd rJGjymusaeonf)} [k
onfhtcg xGufay:vmrnfh jrnfoH ]]*vHk}}udk xnfhoGif; zJGUqdkxm;
tvG e f t MuL; zJ G U qd k x m;aomaMumif h
aomaMumifh jrnfoHpGJtvuFmajrmufygonf/
twdo,0kwådtvuFmajrmufygonf/
9/ aumvdkufwJhuH( 0uF0kwåd )
4/ a½Tcsovdk( Oyrm )
þtvuF m ud k ]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f uH t cG i f h þtvuF m ud k a&onf j yZmwf w G i f b0qif ; &J e d r f h u s
csrf ; omvmrnf u d k arQ m f v if h t m;wif ; onf h a&onf a ,musf m ;\ vSaMumif; nnf;ñl ajymqdo k nfh a&onfrpum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ tusKd;ay;enf; edrfhus EkHzsif;vSaomuH[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ
xl;uJ xif½mS ;pGm wd;k wufajymif;vJomG ;yHk *kP&f nfwt l jzpf ]aumvdu k w
f uhJ }H [k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm;ojzifh 0uF0w k .åd ....../
a&onfa,mufsm;(tEdIif;cH)ud k a½Tcsxm;onfht&m(tEdIif;)ESES i fh cdkif;EdIif; 10/ ZmwmxGef;ay:( 0uF0kwdå )
zJGUqdkxm;aomaMumifh OyrmtvuFm ajrmufygonf/ ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif 0rf;a&; jznfhqnf; ay;Edkifrnfh
5/ Muufuef;cGyfvdkU yGJuRwfatmifEdkif( 0uF0kwåd ) tdraf xmifzufEiS hf BuKH &rnfh tcgtcGiu hf kd arQmv
f ifh tm;wif;onfh a&onfr
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif uHtcGifh csrf;omvm pum;tjzpf........ /
rnfudk arQmfvifhtm;wif;onfh a&onfa,musfm;\ pum;tjzpf uHtusKd;ay;aumif;vmvQif [k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ] Zmwm
oH;k xm;ygonf/ xGe;f ay: }[k oG,0f u kd af &;zJUG xm;ojzifh 0uF0w k .åd ....../
csKUd wo hJ nfh b0onfyif tcGiahf umif; wdu k q f ikd yf gu wk;d wuf 11/ rk&if;armifarmif OD;csOfaygif( 0uF0kwdå )
csrf ; omOD ; rnf [ k wd k u f ½ d k u f rqd k b J ]Muuf u ef ; cG y f v d k Y þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif 0rf;a&; jznfq h nf;ay;
yJu
G Rwaf tmifEikd (f rsuu f ef;Muufyif wpfyw GJ nf; cGyv f suf tEdik &f OD;rnf)} Edkifrnfh tdrfaxmifzufudk arQmfvifh tm;wif;onfh a&onfr\
[k oG,f0dkufa&;zJGUxm;aomaMumifh 0uF0kwådtvuFm ajrmufygonf/ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
rk&if;xrif; csOfaygif[if; auR;Edkifrnfh cspfolarmif
a,mufsm;om;[k wdkuf½dkuf rqdkbJ ]rk&if;armifarmif OD;csOfaygif}[k../
12/ yqpftdrf( 0uF0kwdå )
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif t0wfqif;&JvaS Mumif;
nnf;ñl ajymqdo k nfh a&onfr pum; tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
tzmtpyf tuGuf tay xlxyfvo S nfh xbD[k wdu k ½f u
kd f
rqdkbJ ]yqpftdrf}[k oG,f0dkufzJGUqdkxm;aomaMumifh ....../
tcef;( 4 ) usm;ESirhf vrf;ckvwfrmS awGUqHk tjyeftvSeaf jymqdk vufxyfa&;wdik yf ifum 18/ xD;vdktkyf( Oyrm )
usm; aiGav;a½G; oGm;,lonfh ZmwfuGufrsm;yg tvuFmrsm; þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGifrdrdydkif Opöm"ewdkUudk
xdef;odrf;ay;Edkifol rJhaeaMumif; zGifh[ol a&onfr\ pum;tjzpf
13/ aoQmif xef;aphrIwf( ½lyu ) ( yk'f&if;-.. qdkif;aygifusdK;ESifh oH;k xm;ygonf/
ykq;kd npfaw? aoQmifxef;aphrw I ?f acgi;f arG;pkwwf ?hJ usKyzf ati,f../ ) vifom;cifyGef;(tEdIif;cH)udk xD;(tEIdif;)ESifh tumtuG,f
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif a&onfa,mufsm;\ vHNk cKH raI y;Edik yf kH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;aomaMumifh OyrmtvuFm
yHkyef;oGifjyifudk azmfnTef;EIwfqufol a&onfr\ pum;tjzpf
ajrmufygonf/
oH;k xm;ygonf/
t½G,fyrmP ao;i,fyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf aoQmifxHk; 19/ ½GuftkyfoD;yl( 0uF0kwåd )
(tEIdif;cH)ESifh xef;aphrIwf(tEIdif;) wdkYudk xyfwljyK zJGUqdkxm;aomaMumifh þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif b0Muifazmfr½Sad o;í
½lyutvuFm ajrmufygonf/ ylyefaMumifMh u jzpf&ol a&onfr\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
vlrodatmif Buw d u f m tHyYk ek ;f yl&onf[k wdu k ½f u
kd f rqdb
k J
14/ qHxHk;awmfBuD;wrmoD;( twdo,0kwdå ) (yk ' f & if ; - ½Gut f yk o f ;D yl&onf[k oG,0f u kd af &;zJx
YG m;aomaMumifh 0uF0w k t åd vuFm
]qHx;kH awmfBu;D ? wrmoD;ESi?hf cg;pnf;0wfv?J csKypf Nyu J ?kd wJtyfEiS w
hf ,G .f ..) ajrmufygonf/
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif.a&onfr\ yHkyef;oGif
jyif u d k azmf n T e f ; EI w f q uf o l a&onf a ,muf s m;\ pum;tjzpf 20/ a½Gykef;&nf csOfr,fod( 0uF0kwdå )
oH;k xm;ygonf/ þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGifuHwlol zl;pm½Sif
qHx;kH ao;i,fvo S nfukd oa&mfavSmif&mü omrefrQ rqdb k J tdraf xmifzufukd arQmv f ihaf pmifph m;ae&ygaMumif; zGi[ hf onfh a&onfr
] wrmoD;t½G,f yrmPrQom ½So d nfh qHx;kH awmfBu;D }[k tvGet f MuL; pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
qdx k m;.............../ zl;pmzufESifh rvJG{uef qHk&rnfhtcGifhudk arQmfvifhwBuD;
apmifhpm;ae&ygonf[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]a&TyHk;&nf csOfr,fod
15/ nvl( 0uF0kwdå ) (ESyfxm;onfYykef;&nf pm;oHk;&eftoifhjzpfrnfh &ufudk wGufq
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif aiGav;a½G;yrmP
ae&ygonf)}[k oG,f0dkufa&;zJGUxm;aomaMumifh 0uF0kwåd tvuFm
rsm;vSojzifh vHkNcHKatmif xdef;odrf;&ygonf[k oa&mfajymol a&onf ajrmufygonf/
a,mufsm;\ ........../
ntcgwiG f cd;k qd;k vk,uf usupf m;wwfonfh vlq;kd olc;kd [k 21/ awmifES,fyHk( twdo,0kwåd ) ( yk'f&if;- oHk;pJGrukef
wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]nvl}[k oG,f0dkufzJGUqdkxm;aomaMumifh 0uF0kwåd awmifES,fyHkwJh aiGrIefav;a½G; Ncdrfhatmif<u,fwJh r,folaX;i,f...)
tvuFm ajrmufygonf/ þtvuF m ud k ]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f a&onf r yd k i f
aiGav;a½G;yrmP enf;yg;onfukd oa&mfajymqdo k l a&onfa,musmf ;\
16/ &wemcsOfaygif( ½Iyu ) ( tEIdif;cHyk'fu tEdIif;\aemufrSm-*½kjyKyg ) tmvkypf um;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif csOfaygif[if;udkom oa&mfajymqdk&mwGif omrefrQrqdkbJ ]awmifES,fyHkaom
pm;aomuf&aMumif; ajymol a&onf a ,musf m ;\ pum;tjzpf aiGrIefav;a½G;}[k tvGeftMuL; MuL;qdkxm;aomaMumifh twdo,0kwåd
oH;k xm;ygonf/ tvuFmajrmufygonf/
&wem( tEdIif; )ESihf csOaf ygi[ f if;( tEdIif;ccH )wdu Yk kd wefz;kd xm;
ESpfoufzG,fjzpfyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf tEdIif;xyfwl jyKxm;aomaMumifh 22/ ZmwfoGm;½Snfatmif( 0uF0kwdå )
½lyutvuFm.../ ]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f b0Muif a zmf r J h o l jzpf a Mumif ;
17/ Opöm0ef( ½lyu ) ( wPSm0ef^wPSmcsKH^wm0ef0g;jcrf; wdkYESifh odkif;0dkif;csJUxGif ajymol a&onfrudk odrf;oGif;ajymqdkol a&onf
cJGjcm;rSwfom;yg ) a,musmf ;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rdrdydkif Opöm"ewdkUudk tcd s ef M uef Y M umatmif j yKaeonf [ k wd k u f ½ d k u f r qd k b J
xdef;odrf;ay;rnfhol rJhaeaMumif; zGifh[ol a&onfr\ pum;tjzpf ]ZmwfoGm;½Snfatmif ta&;aqmifaeonf}[k oG,f0dkufa&;zJGUxm;
oH;k xm;ygonf/ aomaMumifh 0uF0w k .då ............../
Opö m "eaiG ( tEd I i f ; cH ) ES i f h 0ef x k y f 0 ef y d k ; (tEI d i f ; )wd k Y u d k 23/ tvScsif;ewfzuf( 0uF0kwåd )
xd e f ; od r f ; &ol ü zd p D ; av;vH r I jzpf a pyH k *k P f & nf w l t jzpf þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif b0wlcsif;aygif;&ef
xyfwjl yKxm;ojzifh ½lyutvuFmajrmufygonf/ a&onfrudk odr;f oGi;f ajymqdo k al &onfa,mufsm;\ pum;tjzpf..../
( yk'&f if;- onfaiGav;a½G;? Opöm0efav;vGe;f vd?Yk ta&;rawmf....) ESpfOD;om; ½kyf&nf & nfoGifjyifcsif; vdkufzuf nDvSonf[k
wku d ½f u kd rf qdb k J ]tvScsi;f nDrsS atmif ewfwu Ykd pDrH pHzk ufxm;onf}[kk
oG,0f u kd f ....................../
P229
30/ ZrÁLvHk;ewf ( 0uF0kwåd )
24/ *sifyJhcsif;aygufMupdkY( 0uF0kwåd ) þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif eef;odrf;yJG usif;y
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif b0csif;aygif;&ef aeonf h O',rif ; BuD ; ud k &nf n T e f ; onf h a&onf r pum;ü
a&onfrudk odrf;oGif;ajymqdkol a&onfa,mufsm;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
oH;k xm;ygonf/ ]Am&mjynf½h iS f O',rif;Bu;D }[k wdu k ½f u
kd rf qdb
k J ]]ZrÁLvH;k ewf
csKd Uwo hJ l qif;&Jol rjynfph o (ZrÁL'DygusG e;f vH;k \ tBu;D jrwf tm;xm;ud;k uG,&f m)}}[k oG,0f u
kH l b0wlcsi;f aygi;f zufMuygpUkd [k kd f zGUJq.kd .../
wdu k ½f u dk rf qdb k J ]*siyf chJ si;f ayguMf updUk }[k oG,0f u kd f a&;zJUG xm; ...../
31/ rD;ESifhtwl( Oyrm )
25/ bDvl;awGUvuf&odrf;( 0uF0kwåd ) þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rdrd jzwfoef;&m
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif b0csif;aygif;&ef oJajrjyif tyl½Sdefudk azmfnTef;onfh a&onfa,mufsm;\ pum;tjzpf
a&onfrudk odrf;oGif;ajymqdkonfh a&onfa,mufsm;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
oH;k xm;ygonf/ oJajrjyif\ yljyif;yHk(tEdIif;cH)udk rD;\tyl½Sdef(tEdIif;)ESifh
vuf x yf a ygif ; oif ; a&;ud p ö u d k ] csuf c sif ; vuf i if ; tyl ½ S d e f j yif ; xef y H k c sif ; *k P f & nf w l t jzp
jzpf cdkif;EdIif;xm;aomaMumifh
taumif t xnf azmf r nf } [k wd k u f ½ d k u f r qd k b J }}bD v l ; awG U OyrmtvuFmajrmufygonf/
vuf&odr;f ......}} [k .../
32/ udsKufudsKufql( jrnfoHpJG )
26/ tpdrf;zrf;( 0uF0kwåd ) þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rdrd jzwfoef;&m
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif b0wlcsif; aygif;zuf oJ a jrjyif tyl ½ S d e f u d k azmfnTef;onfha&onfa,mufsm;pum;tjzpf
Mu&ef a&onfrudk odrf;oGif;ajymqdkonfh a&onfa,mufsm;\ oH;k xm;ygonf/
pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ a&ylavmifqlyGufaeonfh tcgxGufay:onfh jrnfoH
]tcsdeftcgoifhatmif apmifhqdkif; jyifqif pdrHraeawmhbJ ]]ud s Kuf u d s Kuf } }ud k xnf h o G i f ; a&;xm;aomaMumif h jrnf o H p J G
csufcsif; vufiif; taumiftxnfazmfrnf}[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ tvuFmajrmufygonf/
]tpdr;f zrf;}[k oG,0f u kd af &;zJx
YG m;ojzifh 0uF0w
k då tvuFmajrmufygonf/
33/ odkif;eif;uGufus( Oyrm )
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rdrd\toGif[efyef
27/ awmufwJhuyfwG,f( 0uF0kwåd ) vef;qef; wuf<uyHkudk azmfñTef;onfh a&onfa,musfm;\ pum;ü
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif tdrfaxmifzuf&ef oH;k xm;ygonf/
tvsifpvdk BudK;yrf;aeonfh a&onfa,mufsm;udk [efYwm;onfh a&onfa,mufsm;\ ajcvSrf;ajc<u jyKyHk(tEdIif;cH)udk
a&onfrpum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ odkif;orm; odkif;uGuf eif;yHk(tEdIif;)ESifh oG u f v uf tuG u f u syH k
cspfBudKufaygif;oif;a&;udk ]rcG m wrf ; tquf r jywf *kPf&nfwltjzpf cdik ;f EIid ;f xm;..
wdkufwGef; ajymqdkonf}[k wdu k ½f ukd rf qdb
k J ]awmufwuhJ yfw,
G }f [k
oG,0f u kd zf UGJ qx
kd m;...../ 34/ ig;uGif;OaoQmif( 0uF0kwåd )
28/ t&yfrIaqmfovdk( Oyrm ) þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif a&onfa,musfm;\
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif b0wlcsi;f aygi;f zufMu&ef BuKd ;yrf;ol qdik ;f qifph um; tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
a&onfa,mufsm;udk a0zefjypfwifonfh a&onfr\ pum;tjzpf od M um;rif ; toH k ; awmf c H apmif ; wD ; ewf o m;
oH;k xm;ygonf/ yOö o D c ewf rif;[k wdkuf½dkuf rqdkbJ ]]ig;uGif;OaoQmif}}[k oG,f0dkuf
a&onf a,mufsm; tm;xkwyf kH (tEdiI ;f cH)udk &yfa&;½Gma&; zJU
G qx
k
d m;aomaM umifh ...../
aqmfMoyHk(tEdSKif;ESifh) rjzpfraeBudK;yrf;tm;xkwfyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf
......../
29/ wpfeyfpm;rBuH( 0uF0kwåd ) yef;owif; avnif;aqmif.......
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif vufxyfaygif;oif; ykyfrS ay:? [kwfrS ausmf.....
a&;udk trsm;av;pm;atmif atmif pDrHzdkY wdkufwGef;onfh a&onfr pum;ü ysm;udk yHkjyK? jcudkwk? &rIOpöm &wem......
oH;k xm;ygonf/ rD;a&mif? va&mif? aeta&mif? ÚmPfa&mif vTrf;í rdk;..../
]wpf B ud r f wpf c g tusd K ;cH p m;&½H k r Q BuH p nf j cif ;
r[kwfvQif}[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]wpfeyfpm;rBuH....}[k oG,f0dkufqdk
xm;aomaMumifh ....... ......./
cef;(5) a&onfa,mufsm;ESifh O',rif;BuD;wdkY awGUqkH ( aiGav;a½G;udk 40/ Budwfpmaus(twdo,0kwåd)^ jrLqHavmufao;(twdo,0kwåd)
taMumif;jyKum tjyeftvSeaf jymqdck ef;Zmwfuu G )f yg tvuFmrsm; þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGia&onf fa&onfa,musfm;\
35/ ukrÇPfrsmhxD;(0uF0kwåd ) aiGyrmPudk &nfneT ;f onfh O',rif;Bu;D \ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
þtvuFmudk a&onfjyZmwfwGifwGif rSL;rwfrsm;udk aiGav;a½G\ yrmPenf;yg;vGef;onfudk omrefrQrqdb k J
trTr;f wifac:qo kd nhf O',rif;Bu;D \ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/ ]Budwfpmaus(tvGefao;zJGodrfEkyf? enf;yg;aomaiG)}[k tvGeftMuL;
a0ó0Pf e wf r if ; tvm; bk e f ; wef c d k ; <u,f 0 vS o nf h qdkxm;aomaMumifh twdo,0kwåd tvuFmajrmufygonf/
rS L ;rwf r sm; [kwdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]ukrÇPfrsmhxD;(ewfwdkYtMuD;trSL;)}[k (...]jrLqH a vmuf a o;}onf [ k tvG e f t MuL;qd k x m;ojzif h
oG,0f u kd f ..... ....../ twdo,0kwådtvuFm ajrmufygonf/ )
36/ rD;avmuf( Oyrm ) ( 31/ rD ; ES i f h t wl ? &ef r D ; owå ½ k 41/ jzLwfrsufvHk;avmuf(twdo,0kwåd ) ( 21-awmifES,fyHk? 40-
aigufvQifNydK.....? rmefrD;cJ......) Budwfpmaus jrLqHavmufao;?wdkYESifh uJGjym;atmif yk'f&if;ESifh wJGrSwfyg )
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif a&onfa,mufsm; þtvuF m ud k ]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f enf ; yg;aom
jzwfoef;aeonfh oJajrudk &nfnTef;onfh O',rif ; BuD ; pum;ü aiG p ud k y if tav;xm;oifhaMumif; a&onfa,mufsm; wifonfh
oH;k xm;ygonf/ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
oJajr\ yljyif;yH(k tEIid ;f cH)udk rD;\ tyl½edS (f tEdiI ;f )ESihf tyl½Sdef 0w¬KaiGp\ enf;yg;vGef;onfh yrmPu
yrmPudk omrefrQ rqdbk J
jyif;xefyHk *kPf&nfwltjzp jzpf cdkif;EdIif;xm;aomaMumifh OyrmtvuFm ]jzKwrf suv f ;kH avmuf}[k tvGet
f MuL;qdx
k m;aomaMumifh twdo,0kwdå
ajrmufygonf/ tvuFmajrmufygonf/
(....... aiGpom[kwfygap? jzKwfrsufvHk;avmuf? ao;vdkYyif? aysmufuwJ?
37/ tludkavyifh( 0uF0kwåd )
tenf;i,.....)
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif a&onfa,musfm;\
[ef y ef ½ T i f j rL;vS o nf u d k awG Y j rif o nf h O',rif;BuD;pum;tjzpf 42/ rkepYf m;&if;vSn;f pD;(0uF0w k )då
oH;k xm;ygonf/ þtvuF m ud k ]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f aiG a v;a½G ; ud k
½Tifvef;0rf;ajrmufvSonf [kwdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]tlukd rpGefYEdkifbJ csD;jrSifhaiGudkvufcH,lonfh a&onfudk &nfnTef;onfh
avyifhxm;onf}[k oG,f0dkufzGJUqdkxm;aomaMumifh 0uF0kwådtvuFm O',rif;Bu;D pum;ü oH;k xm;ygonf/
ajrmufygonf/ tcG i f h t a&;ES p f r sd K ;vH k ; ud k wpf N yd K if e uf w nf ;
&,l c H p m;csif a eonf [k wkduf½dkuf rqdkbJ ]rkefYpm&if;vSnf;pD;}[k
38/ &ifuGJvkrQ( twdo,0kwåd ) ( &ifbwfpnfwD;...^ &ifuJG&acs&JU... )
oG,0f u kd zf q
GJ x
kd m; ........ ........./
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif a&a&mif ; tvk y f
yif y ef ; yH k u d k avQmufwifaeonfh a&onfa,musfm; pum;wGif 43/ (]]ig;ESpfaumifzrf;}} udkvnf; ]rkefYpm;&if;vSnf;pD;} enf;wl
oH;k xm;ygonf/ ajzyg )
a&a&mif;0rf;ausmif;&onfrSm tvGefyifyef;v vSonfukd 44/ bdef;pm;aq;iwf aq;rjywfonhfES,f (Oyrm)
omrefrQrqdkbJ ]]&ifuGJvkrQ qif;&Jyifyef;onf}}[k tvGeftMuL; þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif aiGwpfuak #&onfw h ikd f
qdkxm;aomaMumifh twdo,0kwåd tvuFmajrmufygonf/ aiGav;a½G; rpGefYEdkifaom a&onfudk &nfnTef;onfh O',rif;BuD;\
39/ a½TeeYf;oeif;( 0uF0kwåd ) ( a½TawmifBuD;ocif vnf;½Sd ) pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
þtvuF m ud k ]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f aiG a v;a½G ; a&onfa,mufsm; aiGav;a½G;udk pGJvrf;yHk(tEdIif;cH)udk
oGm;,l&onfh taMumif;pHkudk rif;BuD;xH wifavQmufonfh a&onf bdef;pm;ubdef;aq;udk pGJvrf;yHk(tEdIif;)ESifh rpG e f Y E d k i f a tmif p G J v rf ; yH k
a,mufsm;\pum;wGif oHk;xm;ygonf/ *k P f & nf w l t jzp
jzpf cd k i f ; Ed I i f ; xm;aomaMumif h OyrmtvuF m
]t½S i f r if ; BuD ; (O',rif ; BuD ; )})}[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ajrmufygonf/
]a½TeefY;oeif;(a½Teef;awmf\tBuD;tuJ)}[k oG,f0dkufzJGUqdkxm;
45/ r*fjirf;xl(0uF0w k )då
aomaMumifh 0uF0kwådtvuFm ajrmufygonf/ (a½Teef;hoeif;? bdodufyJG
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif ay;urf;pGefYBuJjcif;
usif;&mwGif? vlcsif;wlwl? olrsm;enf;yif? aiGp&wfoHk;? 0,fumjzKef;?
vlvHk;jy0ifr,fvdkY... )
trI u d k j yK í oAÁ n KÓmPf t&vS r f ; awmh r nf h O',rif ; BuD ; \
>ruf[pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
r*fw&m;vrf;pOftwdkif; aqmufwnf usifhoHk;awmhrn nf 50/ 0ufpm;usif;aumf(0uF0kwåd)
P231
[k wku d ½f u kd rf qdb
k J ]r*fjirf;xl}[k oG,0f u
kd f zJUG qxkd m; ........ ........../ þtvuF m ud k ]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f aus;Zl ; ½S i f
(]r*fjirf;}udk ½lyutvuFmtaejzifh ar;vmygu r*fw&m;(tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf ocifrif;BuD;udk rjypfrSm;oihf[k qifjcifrdonfh a&onf tdrfa½Shrif;
jirf;(tEdiI ;f )wd\Yk txufjrifhjrwf&modkYa&mufatmif axmufyHhEdkifonfh pum;wGif oH;k xm;ygonf/
*kPf&nfwlcsif; tEdiI ;f xyfwjl yKxm;aMumif; ½Si;f jyay;yg ) ]aus;Zl;uef;jyKrlonf}[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]]0ufpm;usif;
aumf } }[k oG , f 0 d k u f a &;zJ G U x m;aomaMumif h 0uF 0 k w å d tvuF m
( a&onfa,mufsm; tdraf ½SrY if;pnf;pdrf pHpm;cef;Zmwfuu G f )yg tvuFmrsm; ajrmufygonf/
46/ ZrÁLoeif;(0uF0w k )då ( ZA® L vH k ; ewf ^ 51/ bk&m;udk owfouJhodkU (Oyrm)
a½TeefYoeif; pwmawGESifh r&matmif yk'f&if;pmom;ESifh wGJrSwfyg ) þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif olawmfaumif;
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rif;BuD; ajrSufpm;í rif ; BuD ; ud k owf r d v Q i f tjypf B uD ; av;vS a Mumif ; td r f a ½S U r if ;
tdrfa½SUt&m &aMumif; rdefYqdkonfh a&onftdrfa½SUrif;pum;tjzpf awG;awmqifjcifonfh pum;ü oH;k xm;ygonf/
oH;k xm;ygonf/ rif;BuD;udk owfrdvSsif cHpm;&rnfh tjypf'Pf(tEdIif;cH)udk
jynf h ½ S i f r if ; BuD ; (O',rif ; BuD ; )[k wd k u f ½ d k u f rqd k b J bk&m;udk vkyfBuHvQif cHpm;&rnfhtjypf'Pf (tEdIif; )ESifh tjypfBuD;
]ZrÁLuRe;f vH;k udk tpd;k &ol(ZrÁLoeif;)[k oG,0f u kd zf UJG qx
kd m;aomaMumifh av;yH*k Pk &f nfwt l jzpf..../
0uF0kwåd tvuFmajrmufygonf/ ( ZrÁ L oeif ; ? wpf q l c sif ; wJ h
xG w f r if ; zsm;u? ajrS m uf p m;awmf r l a omaMumif h ? BuD ; xl p nf ; pd r f ? 52/ trIoGm;acsm(0uF0kwåd )
pHa½TtdrfESifh......tdrfa½SYt&m &ayNyD ) þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif xD;eef;odrf;&ef
rif;BuD;\toufudk tdrfa½SUrif;u tNyD;wdkif BuH½G,fonfh pum;tjzpf
47/ touftoGif(Oyrm)
oH;k xm;ygonf/
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif a&onf r tay:
rdrdtvkdqE´twdkif; twm;tqD;r½Sd NyD;ajrmufaprnf[k
xm;onfh arwåmoHa,mZOfudk &nfnTef;onfh tdrfa½SYrif;\ pum;ü wkduf½dkufrqdkbJ ]trIoGm;acsmawmhr,f}[k oG,f0dkuf zJGUqdkxm;
oH;k xm;ygonf/
aomaMumifh .............../
a&onf r tm;jrwf E d k ; yH k ( tEd I i f ; cH ) ud k rd r d t ouf u d k
53/ MuufrcGyfovdk(Oyrm)
wefz;kd xm;yH(k tEdiI ;f )ESihf wG,w f mjrwfE;kd wefz;kd xm;yHck si;f *kP&f nfwt l jzpf
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif xD;eef;odrf;&ef
cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm;aom .........../
rif;BuD;\toufudk tdrfa½SUrif;u tNyD;wdkif BuH½G,fonfh pum;tjzpf
oH;k xm;ygonf/
O,smOfawmfwiG f rif;BuD;toufukd BuH½, G cf ef;Zmwfuu G f rS tvuFmrsm; aemufrwGefYpwrf; vkyfaqmifyHk(tEdIif;cH)udk Muufom;
48/ jrauaoQmif(½lyu) tkyfru &efjyKoludk umuG,fyHk(tEdIif;)ESifh &J&Jwif;wif; rwGefYrqkwf
þtvuF m ud k ]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f r i f ; B u D ; \ tm;xkwfyHk *kPf&nfwl../
qH a uomaumif ; vS y H k u d k &nf n T e f ; onf h tdrfa½SUrif;\ pum;ü
54/ csdK;uyfvdkY pGJ(0uF0kwåd )
oH;k xm;ygonf/
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif olawmfaumif;
jrausmuf(tEdIif;)ESifh aoQmifxHk; (tEdIif;cH)wdkYudk pd r f ; vJ h
jrwfqkyef rif;BuD;udk owfrdvQif tjypfBuD;av;vSaMumif; tdrfa½SUrif;
eufarSmif onfh *kPf&nfwltjzp jzpf tEdIif;xyfwljyKxm;aomaMumifh
awG;awmonfh pum;ü oHk;xm;ygonf/
½lyutvuFm ajrmufygonf/
t0D p d i&J w G i f rvG w f w rf ; wm½S n f cH p m;&rnf [ k
49/ ywfwdwfvdkUydef;(0uF0kwåd) wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ]csdK;uyfvdkY pGJ}[k oG,f0dkufa&;zJGUxm;aomaMumifh
þtvuF m ud k ]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f rif ; BuD ; ud k 0uF0kwådtvuFm ajrmufygonf/
vkyBf uv H u
kd vf Qif xD;eef;udk NyKd ib
f ufr½Sd pd;k ydik &f awmhrnf[k BuKH ;0g;onfh
55/ rmefpG,f( ½lyu ) ( rmefrD;cJ -
tdraf ½SrY if;\ tawG;pum;ü oH;k xm;ygonf/
tEkynmonf\tm;rmef? &efr;D ^ &efneG Yf - awmifoBl u;D ? avmifpm&efNiKd ;
]vHk0NyD;jywf txajrmufoGm;rnf}[k wkduf½dkufrqdkbJ
- aomEkwå&rkqdk;.. *½kjyKyg/ )
]ywfwdwfvdkYydef;}[k oG,f0dkuf zGJUqdkxm;aomaMumifh 0uF0kwåd ....../
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rif;BuD;toufudk
BuH½G,frdonfh tjypftwGuf ½Sdcdk;awmif;yefoifhaMumif; qifjcifonfh cf wf}[k oG,0f u kd zf UGJqx kd m;aomaMumifh 0uF0w k då tvuFmajrmufygonf/
tdraf ½Srif;\ pum;ü oH;k xm;ygonf/ 61/ raem"mwf (0uF0kwåd)
rmefrme(tEdIif;cH)ESifh tpG,fvufeuf(tEdIif; )wdkUudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif tjypfciG v fh wT u f m tonf;ESv;kH udyk if
ab;jzpfapyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf tEdIif;xyfwljyKxm;aomaMumifh pGeUf vLS Edik af Mumif; rdeo Yf nfh O',rif;\ pum;ü oH;k xm;ygonf/
½lyutvuFm ajrmufygonf/ ESvHk;om;[k wkduf½dkufrqdkbJ ]raem"mwf}[k
56/ rmefpG,fudkcsdK;( 0uF0kwåd ) ......................./
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rif;BuD;toufudk 62/ csyd yf ef;aoG;½Sif (½lyu)
BuH½G,frdonfh tjypftwGuf ½Sdcdk;awmif;yefoifhaMumif; qifjcifonfh ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif tonf;ESvHk;udkyif jzwfxGifum
tdraf ½Srif;\pum;ü oH;k xm;ygonf/ vSLEdik af Mumif; rdeUf onfh O',rif;\pum;wGif oH;k xm;ygonf/
ab;jyKvdkonfh oabmqE´wdkUudk csdK;ESdrfajzazsmufonf [k csd y f y ef ; (tEd I i f ; )ES i f h aoG ; ( tEd I i f ; cH ) wd k U \ eD n d K aom
wdu k ½f u kd rf qdb k J ]rmefp,
G u
f ckd sKd ;}[k oG,0f u
kd af &;zJUGxm;aomaMumifh ......... tqif ; a&mif ½ S d y H k *k P f & nf w l c sif ; xyf w l j yKxm;aomaMumif h
............. ........./ ½luytvuFmajrmufygonf/
57/ ZrÁLvYHk;ocif (0uF0kwåd) ( ZrÁLoeif;^-vHk;ewfâ½Teef;oeif;^- 63/ a½TjynfBuD;ewf(0uF0kwåd)
uRe;f vH;k ½Si^f awGrmS ^-vH;k ewf u a&onfr pum;/ ZrÁLpd;k &eef½iS u
hf Reu
f ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rdro d nf yg&rDjznfu
h siahf eoljzpfaMumif;
awmifolBuD;xJu ) jrGuf[onfh rif;BuD;pum;wGif oHk;xm;ygonf/
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif rif;BuD;aus;Zl;udk Am&mPoD j ynf h ½ S i f r if ; BuD ; [k wk d u f ½ d k u f r qd k b J
&nfnTef;um ,lusHK;r& ajymqdkonfh tdrfa½SUrif;\ idka<u;pum;ü ]a½T j ynf B uD ; ewf } (a½T j ynf B uD ; \ tBuD ; tuJ ) [k oG , f 0 d k u f
oH;k xm;ygonf/ zJUG qx
kd m;aomaMumifh ......... ......... ........... /
Am&mPoD\ t½Sifocif O',rif;BuD;[k wkduf½dkufrqdkbJ ( ....bk&m;ynm &aMumif;½SmwJh? ig rif;jrwfuyJ? owfítqHk;?
]ZrÁv;kH o
h cif} [k............../ ,l&OD;rvm;..)
tdraf ½SUrif;pum; uJjG ym;atmif yk'&f if;ESiw
fh rGJ w
S yf g )
tdraf ½SUrif;awmifyef;cef;? owdoaH 0*&cef;? rS tvuFmrsm; ) 64/ oHomurf;&yf(0uF0kwåd)
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif O',rif;Bu;D &nf½, G q
f yk efxm;onfh
58/ ZrÁLuRe;f vH;k ½Si(f 0uF0w k )då
edAmÁ efcsr;f omudk &nfneT ;f í tdraf ½SUrif;\ pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f tjypf 0 ef c H a vS s muf w if o nf h edAmÁ ef[k wdu
k ½f u
kd rf qdb
k J oHomurf;&yf (oHo&m\ c&D;qH;k
tdraf ½SUrif;\ pum;ü rif;Bu;D udk &nfneT ;f í oH;k xm;ygonf/ wpfzufurf;t&yf)[k oG,f0dkufzJGUqdkxm;aomaMumifh 0uF0kwåd
Am&mPoD\ t½Sifocif O',rif;BuD;[k wkduf½dkufrqdkbJ tvuFmajrmufygonf/
]ZrÁ L uRef ; vH k ; ½S i f } [k oG , f 0 d k u f z J G U q d k x m;aomaMumif h 0uF 0 k w å d
tvuFmajrmufygonf/ 65/ wPSmcsHK (½lyu) ( yk'f&if; - ..avmuoHk;jzm? owå0gwdkY? wPSmcsHK[k?
umr*kPf ig;&yf? Oy'á0g? opfusm;aygwJh awmajrmifcsyfrSm..)
59/ a½TawmifBuD;ocif(0uF0kwåd) ( aiGawmifBuD;ocif cifrvifudk =
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif avmuDumr*kPf\
aom....) tjypfudk azmfnTef; ajymqdkonfh tdrfa½SUrif;\ pum;ü oHk;xm;ygonf/
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif tjypf0efcHavSsmuf wPS m (tEd I i f ; cH ) ES i f h csH K (tEd I i f ; )wd k U \ zJ G U a ES m if y d w f q d k Y ?
wifonfh tdraf ½SUrif;\ pum;ü rif;Bu;D udk &nfneT ;f í oH;k xm;ygonf/ taESmifht,SufjyK qdk;usdK;ay;wwfyHk *kPf&nfwlcsif; xyfwljyKxm;
Am&mPoD\ t½Sifocif O',rif;BuD;[k wkduf½dkufrqdkbJ aomaMumifh ½lyutvuFm ajrmufygonf/
]a½TawmifBuD;ocif}[k oG,f0dkufzJGUqdkxm;aomaMumifh 0uF0kwåd 66/ av;r*fa& (½lyu)
tvuFmajrmufygonf/ ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif Nird ;f at;rSKay;&m r*fw&m;\ aus;Zl;udk
60/ rif;wHqdyfcwf (0uF0kwåd) azmfñeT ;f onfh tdraf ½SUrif;\ pum;wGif oH;k xm;ygonf/
]a&onfjyZmwf}wGiw f iG f rSm;,Gi;f pGmBurH ad Mumif; rdrt
d jypfukd r*f a v;yg;w&m;(tEd I i f ; cH ) ES i f h a&at;(tEd I i f ; )wd k U u d k
zGi[
hf onfh tdraf ½SUrif;pum;wGif oH;k xm;ygonf/ Nidrf;at;rIay;pGrf;EdkifyHk *kPf&nfwlcsif; xyfwljyKxm;aomaMumifh
xD;eef;udk t&BuHrdonf[k wkduf½dkufrqdkbJ ]rif;wHqdy ½lyutvuFm ajrmufygonf/
67/ uswfwGif;a&odkU (Oyrm) 72/ oZifvdkuHk;ygwJh( Oyrm )
P233
]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f avmuD t m½k H w d k U \ tjypf u d k þtvuF m ud k ]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f td r f a ½S r if ; ud k
&nfñeT ;f onfh tdraf ½SUrif;\ pum;ü oH;k xm;ygonf/ jrwfE;kd vSaMumif; zGi[ hf onfh rdz&k m;\pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
umr*kPt f m½H(k tEdiI ;f cH)udk usww f iG ;f qm;iefa& (tEdiI ;f )ESihf td r f a ½S U r if ; (tEd I i f ; cH ) ud k oZif y ef ; uH k ; (tEd I i f ; )ES i f h
rS0D oJ w l iG f a&mif&h rJ t
I usK;d udk ray;pGr;f Ekid yf kH *kP&f nfwt l jzpf cdik ;f EdiI ;f xm; OD;xdyfyefjrwfEdk;&yHkcsif; *kPf&nfwltjzpf cdkif;EdIif;xm;aomaMumifh
......../ OyrmtvuFm ajrmufygonf/
68/ wPS m0e 0eff(½lyu) ( 17 - OpGm0efu a&onfr? 73/ vSraemfewf(0uF0kwåd)
65 - wPSmcsKH usm;) ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif tdrfa½Srdzk&m;u rdrdukd,fudk
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif avmbwPSm\ &nfnTef;um tdrfa½SUrif;ESifhtwl vdkufyg vdkaMumif; ajymqdkonfh
zd p d ; ES d y f p uf w yf y H k u d k od j rif o G m ;onf h a&onf td r f a ½S U r if ; ud k pum;tjzpf oH;k xm;ygonf/
cs;D usL;rdeq Yf akd om O',rif;Mu;D \ pum;ü oH;k xm;ygonf/ tqif; wifhw,fo[ l k wku d ½f u kd f rqdb
k J ]vSyaomraemf
wPS m (tEd I i f ; cH ) ES i f h 0ef x k y f 0 ef y d k ; (tEd I i f ; )wY d k u d k ewforD; }[k oG,f0dkuf zJGUqdkxm;aomaMumifh 0uF0kwådtvuFm
qif;&Jyifyef;atmif ESdyfpufwwfyHk *kPf&nfwltjzpf tEdIif;xyfw ajrmufygonf/
ljyKxm;aomaMumifh ½lyutvuFmajrmuf ygonf/
( yk'f&if; - vlYabmif avmu wPS m 0efudk aMumuf½GHUvSí...xdkwPSmudk 74/ arcihfvnfqGJ(0uF0kwåd)
b,m½Ivsuf ,ckpdwfcs edu©rjzifh udpöNyD;ap..) þtvuF m ud k ]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f td r f a ½S U r if ; ES i f h
cJGcGm&rnf[k xifrSwfrxm;ygaMumif; ajymqdkonfh rdzk&m;\ pum;wGif
( awmxGurf nfh udpö tjyeftvSeaf jymqdck ef;rS tvuFmrsm; ) oH;k xm;ygonf/
rcG J r cG m wrf ; jrwf E d k ; cspf c if & ol [ k wk d u f ½ d k u f r qd k b J
69/ &m*DjrLrSsif (½lyu)
}arcif h v nf q G J } [k oG , f 0 d k u f z G J U q k d x m;aomaMumif h 0uF 0 k w å d
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif O',rif;BuD;\
tvuFmajrmufygonf/
jrifjh rwfaomtusiu hf kd az:neT ;f onfh tdraf ½SUrif;\pum;ü oH;k xm;ygonf/
wyfrufrKS &m* (tEdiI ;f cH)ESihf jrKS rQif (tEdiI ;f )wkUd ukd ajr;,Suzf UGJ 75/ ywåjrm;tyGifh jrauqifh (0uF0kwåd)
Niw d wfy*kH P k &f nfwt l jzpf tEdiI ;f xyfwjl yKxm;aomaMumifh ½lyutvuFm þtvuF m ud k ]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f t d r f a ½S U r if ; ES i f h
ajrmuf ygonf/ cJGcGm&rnf[k xifrSwfrxm;ygaMumif; ajymqdkonfh rdzk&m;\ pum;wGif
oH;k xm;ygonf/
70/ a½TpifcJ ^&m*DjrLrSsif pGef;rxifwJh a½TpifcJ (0uF0kwdå )
tjrwf w Ed k ; wef z d k ; xm;cspf c if & ol wk d u f ½ d k u f r qd k b J
þtvuF m ud k ]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f rif ; BuD ; wG i f
]ywå j rm;tyG i f h jrauqif h } oG , f 0 d k u f zJ G U q d k x m;aom aMumif h
tjypfw&m;uif;pif oefU½Sif; vSyHkudk &nfnGef;onfh tdrfa½SUrif;pum;ü
oH;k xm;ygonf/
O',rif;BuD;[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkbJ ]a½TpifcJ}[k oG,f0dkuf 76/ rnSdK;yif ( 0uF0kwåd )
................../ þtvuF m ud k ]a&onf j yZmwf } wG i f td r f a ½S U r if ; ES i f h
cJGcGm&rnf[k xifrSwfrxm;ygaMumif; ajymqdkonfh rdzk&m;\ pum;wGif
71/ omuDvHk;rsufazsmf (0uF0kwdå)
oH;k xm;ygonf/
þtvuFmudk ]a&onfjyZmwf}wGif tqif;wifw h ,faom
tpOftNrJ arwåmxm;cspfcif&ol[k wkduf½dkufrqdkbJ
rdz&k m;udk &nfneT ;f onfh tdraf ½Srif;pum; tjzpfo;kH xm;ygonf/
]rnSdK;yif}[k oG,f0dkufzGJUqkdxm;aomaMumifh 0uF0kwåd tvuFm
ES r awmf td r f a ½S U rd z k & m;[k wd k u f ½ d k u f r qd k b J
ajrmufygonf/
]omuDvHk;rsufazsmf(ouDEG,f0if; rif;taygif;wdkY\ ½IrNiD;zG,f)}[k
oG,0f u kd f a&;zJUG xm;aomaMumifh ......../
a&onfjyZmwftvuFmydkYcscsufrsm; þwGif NyD;qHk;onf/

a&onfjyZmwfrS cufqpftzGirhf sm;
1/ ua&muyg; = uwdu k u f ½du k ?f tavmwBu;D / 26/ csuaf umif; = tcGiahf umif;? tcgaumif;/ tvkyt f BuH
2/ umr*kPf = vdck siEf pS o f ufz, G t f m½H/k atmifEikd zf , G tf aMumif;
3/ umr*kPif g;&yf = ½kyt f qif;? toH? teH?Y t&om? tawGU xda&mufonft h csu/f
[laom tm½Hik g;yg;/ 27/ cRwNf cKH = cg;0wfuykd if cRwíf NcKH &avmufatmif
4/ aumvdu k w f u
hJ H = tusK;d ay; EHzk si;f aomuH? nHah omuH/ qif;&Jonf/ bmrQ rQ r½Sad vmufatmif
5/ uHrsupf v d ,f = aumif;aomuHonf a&onfred ;f rxHoYkd rJo
G nf/
(vnf)vdrYk S vrf;rSm;írQ rQ a&mufrvm/ 28/ ig;uGif;OaoQmif = OaoQmif ig;ck ½Sdaom ewfom;/
6/ udk;XmebHk = (31)bHkudk ud, k ?f ½kyEf iS f y#d#d o aE aE¨ pdwu f kd odMum;rif;toH;k awmfcH apmif;wD;
pJíG trsK;d cJjG cm;jyaomtcg &aomud;k bH/k ewfom; ( yOöocD wfewfrif; )
7/ ud;k rsupf kH = ausmufrsu&f wem ud;k yg; pHv k ifpmG 29/ pum;zef = Mum;jzwfum odik ;f 0dik ;f csUJ xiG f zefw;D
pDDjc,fxm;aom/ ajymqdkaom pum;/
8/ aumufvsif = pdu k o f nf&h ufrS &ufaygi;f 140-150 30/ p&d, = tusi/hf
twGi;f rSnahf om oufEpk yg;rsK;d / 31/ pm* = pGeBuJYfB uJay;urf;jcif;/
aumufi,f? aumufBu;D paom 32/ pufpHk = ajcawmfp/kH
pyg;wdx Yk uf oD;vG,íf tvs vsit f jref 33/ pif;vH;k cRwf = tvH;k pH/k
pm;oHk;&aom pyg;/ 34/ ppfppfaygufayguf= acRacRwmwm/ ppfppfpDpD/ aphpyfpGm/
9/ uif;0wfvSnfY = cdk;om;? &efow l \ Ykd toGm;tvmudk 35/ pGefYjcif;ig;&yf = Opömypönf;0w¬KwdkYudk pGejYf cif;? r,m;udk
vSnv hf nfapmifMh unho f nf/ pGejYf cif;? om;orD;udk pGejYf cif;? ud, k vf uf
10/ uEÅm& = oGm;vm&ef cufcJ Murf;wrf;aom c&D;? t*Fgwu Ykd kd pGejYf cif;? toufukd pGejYf cif;/
c&D;cJ/ 36/ qdik ;f aygiu f sK;d = xrf;yd;k jzifh xrf;aom qdik ;f wd\ Yk
11/ ukrP Ç f = ewfbv D ;l wpfrsK;d / atmufajcwGif opfom;aygif aygifcaH vh½&dS m
12/ uHkvHk = jynfhpHkonf/ vHkavmufonf/ xdo k pfom;ayg aygif usKd ;aeaom qdik ;f xrf;/
<u,f0onf/ 37/ qefwiG ;f u = 0rf;a&;cufveG ;f vd/Yk
13/ ud,k v f yk af wmf = ½Sib f &k if\ tyg;wGif tvkyt f auR;jyK& eufveG ;f vdYk
aom r,m;/ rdz&k m;Bu;D xuf tqifh 38/ qHk;yg; = uG,v f eG of nf? aoonf/
edríhf armif;rxuf tqifjh rifo h /l 39/ ZmwmxGe;f ay: = uHaumif;onf/
14/ usu d sw d uf = (aiGaMu;) tvGerf sm;jym;pGm/ 40/ aZ,swk = atmifjrifaMumif; r*Fvmpum; (r*Fvm
15/ usK;d &mrJo h ;D = tusK;d r½S/d ½Sad p&ef yxrqH;k qdo k nfph um;?
16/ usww f iG ;f = awmwGi;f wd&ä pmefrsm; qm;tvdiYk mS vsuf atmifapownf;[k t"dymÜ ,f &onf)/
& aomuf&aom qm;wGi;f qm;usi;f / 41/ Zif*v,f = wdik ;f i,f jynfi,f/
17/ usKd i;f = t½d;k ½Snw f yf xD;oP² m ef? rif;? rS L ;;rwf 42/ ZrÁL = jrif;rd&k af wmif\ awmifbufwiG ½f dS
tqmifta,mif wpfrsK;d / ZrÁLUoajyyif ayguaf omuRe;f /
18/ MuiSe;f = xd;D eef;/ ZrÁL'dyfuRef;/ ( 96 udvk nf; ½I )
19/ MuufrcGyf = ZJGBuD;pGmvkyfonf/ 43/ ZrÁLrif;pH = pHjyKavmufaom ZrÁL&mZfa½TrsK;d /
20/ Buw d pf maus = tvGeaf o;zJo G rd Ef yk ?f enf;yg;aom/ 44/ ZrÁLrSm½Sm;vGe;f vd=Yk urÇmay:wiG f tvGef ½Sm;vGe;f vd/Yk
21/ Burd f = awGUqHkonf/ BuHKBudKufonf/ 45/ nmZrÁLarmf = ZrÁL'Dygvuf,mawmifuRe;f vH;k
22/ ckwifck = cPcP/ ausmMf um;aom/
23/ ckepfacsmif;ñdUI = apmif;wD;&mwGif t&if;rlv toH (7)yg;/ 46/ wpfqw d pf m = rajymyavmufaomyrmP? tenf;i,f/
24/ cef;0g = ae&m? t&yf/ 47/ wxD;vTm;vTm; = qif;&Jyifyef;Bu;D pGm tm;oGecf eG pf u kd f jyKí/
25/ acsmydYk = c&D;pcef;wpfcrk S wpfco k Ykd c&D;onf? 48/ wPSm = vdck siw f yfrufjcif;/
ukeyf pön;f ponfwu Ykd kd tqifq h ifh 49/ w&Murf; = tjyif;txef/ twif;tMurf;/
ydaYk qmifonf/
50/ wvwGe;f = tqufrjywf/ twif;tMurf;/ 77/ jyufodum = tenf;i,f/ ygonfq½dk rkH Q twdik ;f tq
51/ wmief; = tuGmta0;/ twdik ;f t½Sn/f yrmP/
52/ wm0wðom = ewfjynfajcmufxyfwiG f 'kw, d ajrmuf 78/ ajymif; = ESpH m;ajymif;/
txyf/ 78/ zGwrf if;aemif = zGwrf if;\ tpfukd ac:&avmufatmifro GJ /l
53/ wl½l = rsuEf mS rl&m a½SUwnfw h nf/h 80/ A&yspf = a&maxG;pkcJ ½Iyaf yGvsu/f
54/ awmifwm = c&D;/ ½Snv f sm;a0;vHaomc&D;/ 81/ Avcsm = pkwfzGmonf/ ñHhzsif;onf/
55/ wpf½LS rem; = toufrQ r½SL? r&yfrem;bJ/ 82/ aAvk0apmif; = yOöocD ewfom;\ apmif;trnf/
56/ wef; = tcsKycf ef;? &mZ0wfru I kd ppfaq;qJtcg 83/ aAm"dq, k l = bk&m;qkukd awmif;aom/
csKyx f m;aomae&m/ 84/ aAm"dowf = bk&m;avmif;/
57/ w,fu& = *½krpdu k ?f rav;rpm;/ 85/ Ak'üFl = bk&m;avmif;/
58/ xl; = qifowå0gw\ Ykd vIy½f mS ;oGm;vmrIukd 86/ b&Hawmufw;D = t"dymÜ ,fr½Sb d J a&mufwwf&m&m/
csKyxd fxdef;&ef ajcwGif wyfqifxm;aom 87/ b0*f = 31 bHw k iG f txufq;kH bH/k txufb/kH
ajcusi;f / 88/ bdodufyJG = a&pifoeG ;f í r*FvmjyKonfh tcrf crf;tem;/
59/ xJo&H nfa&mf = qE´jyif;pGm ESvHk;oGif;onf/ 89/ abmufp&m = bmjyKp&m/
60/ 'va[m = tqD;twm;r½S?d t½Sed jf yif;pGmjzif/h 90/ bke;f uHaqmufO=D bke;f wefc;kd Bu;D zG,f ukov kd f
61/ "r®wm = jzpfNrw J &m;/ taxmuftyH/h
62/ e&uf = i&J/ 91/ bke;f a[h = bke;f ½Sad om/
63/ ed'ge;f oG,v f Ykd = taMumif;pyfo, G v f /Ykd 92/ rEHek UJ = rnHzh si;f /
64/ yqpftrd f = tzmtpyfrsm;vGe;f í yqpftrd u f u G rf sm; 93/ r[mOy&mZf = tdraf ½SUrif;/
uJo h Ykd jzpfaeaomxbD xbD/ 94/ rk&if; = rdk;ukefNyD;aemuf aqmif;wGi;f ESihf
65/ yg&rD = b0tqufquf jznfq h nf;tyfaom aEGtcgwiG f a&oGi;f í pdu k yf sKk ;d avh½adS om
tavhtxH/k pyg;wpfrsK;d /
66/ yDavm = cRu J sad om t&nf &nfxu G o f nfh t½Guu f kd 95/ r*f = edAmÁ ef0if&mvrf;aMumif;/
[if;csKk cd suíf aomuf&aom 96/ r*FvH = r*Fvm/ tvdjk ynfjh cif;/ atmifjrifjcif;/
tyifwpfrsK;d / BuD;yGm;jcif;/ jynfhpHkjcif;/
67/ ylqmñSL;d acG = vdt k ifqE´ rjynf0h jcif;aMumifh pdwx f cd ukd f 97/ rif;rE¨mwf = pMu Mu
Mu
Mu0aw;rif ;/
EGr;f vsonf/ 98/ armif;rrdóH = bk&if? rdz&k m;wd\ Yk tNcHt&&H? eef;wGi;f
68/ yuúvm = ae? rd;k umuG,&f ef v,forl rsm; trIvyk f rde;f rrsm;/
aqmif;avh½adS om pvl? 0g;zwfponfukd 99/ jrauaoQmif = qHx;kH /
ES;D jzifch sKyo f wfjyKvyk x f m;í ausmjyifyg 100/ ajrmufpt H rd f = eef;awmfajrmuf tdraf ½hrif;ae&mtdr/f
vHo k nfh acgi;f aqmif;½Snw f pfrsK;d / 101/ jrif;rd&k f = pMu Mu
M u uRe;f av;uRe;f \ tv,fA[dk
Mu0Vm
69/ ayguaf ygu½f ½lS lS = ayguaf yguaf jrmufajrmuf/ ½Sd ,lZem½Spaf omif;av;axmifjrifah om
70/ aygi;f vef = ( avS? vSnf;aygif;rdk;? awmif;? wif; ponf awmifBu;D /
rqHhatmif ) rsm;jym;jynfhvQHonf/ 102/ rSe0f ikd ;f = rSepf aD ½Tcsxm;aom qdik ;f 0dik ;f /
71/ ypöKyÜef = rsuaf rSmufumv/ rsuaf rSmufb0/ 103/ ,lZem = c&D;tuGmta0;twdik ;f twm/
72/ ywfMurf;wD; = Zmwfu&m wdu k cf u kd cf ef;rsK;d wGif ywfr 104/ a,bk,s = trsm;tm;jzifh jzpfwwf ysuw f wfaom
Bu;D oH nHapvsuf tMurf; wD;rIwo f nf/ oabm/ twdtus r[kwaf om
73/ ywfww d v f yYkd ed ;f = vHk;0 NyD;jywfonf/ tMurf;zsif;oabm/
74/ ydwyf w d af ysmuf = vH;k 0aysmufonf/ 105/ &a0 = eef;awmf/
75/ ysUH ysL; = om,m/ 106/ &m*DjrLrQif = umr*kPüf jyif;pGmpJrG ufaom
76/ jym omm 'fbykH sH = txufoYkd ysw H ufomG ;onf[ h ef pdwq f E´jrL tnpftaMu;/
bkt H qifq h ifh yg½o dS nft h aqmif/
Q
107/ &mZ0ówD = rif;cpm;rsm;ESihf ywfoufonfh cufcJ 131/ odkif;eif;uGuf = odik ;f orm;wd\ Yk ajceif;uGuf pepfwus
usr;f *rÇD eufeaJ om usrf;*efrsm;/ eif;ouJo h Ykd ajcvSr;f ajcusreS rf eS jf zif/h
108/ a&mifh&J = auseyfwif;wdro f nf/ 132/ oef;acgiaf rmif; = oef;acgiw f iG f om,mpGm jrnfaomapmif;/
109/a½G;awmf,l = qifwyfawmftwGuf a½G;aumufjcif; 133/ oAÁ = tvH;k pH/k tuke/f
cH&aom ]]a½G;qif}}wdYk 0ifxu G &f m 134/ oAÁñÚk mPf = tvH;k pHk odaomÚmPf? bk&m;ÚmPf/
a½Teef;awmf opfwyf ta½Srh suEf mS wHcg;/ 135/ orÇm = b0tqufqufyg&rD jznfw h if;rIaMumifh
110/ ½Gut f yk of ;D = vlol rodrjrifapbJ? od0k u S v f su/f jzpfay:vmaom bkef;uH/
111/ ½Gut f yk of ;D yl = Bud w fí yl&onf/ 136/ odrzf si;f = ao;Ekyn f zhH si;f onf/
112/ a½Tawmif = xD;eef;/ 137/ oH;k vGe;f vdrf = cg;wGif xbDtxufem;udk oH;k vdref mem
113/ vluyfyg; = wpf&yfwpfaus;rS vma&mufaexdik o f /l cg;wifx;kd uspíf xd;k xm;onf/ (xbDww kd kd cdik cf ikd f
olwpfyg; xHwiG u f yfajrmS ifí 0wfonf[k qdv k o kd nf/)
ckrd aDS exdik o
f /l 138/ oH;k oG,pf &d, = avmutusK;d iSm usijhf cif;?
114/ avmu"H = avmuwGif jzpfavh jzpfx½Sad om aqGrsK;d tusK;d iSm usijhf cif;?
qlBuKH ?edrjhf rifoh abmw&m;/ bk&m;jzpfjcif; tusKd;iSm usifhjcif;/
115/ avmuoH;k jzm = umr? ½ly? t½ly [laom avmuoH;k yg;/ 139/ tausmaf Z,s = atmifjrifausmMf um;jcif;/
116/ vufyef;ayguf = pdwrf mef wuf<uonft h cgrsK;d ? 0if<h um; 140/ tcefo Y ifh = taMumif;tcGiw hf u kd q f ikd o
f nf/
vdak om tcgrsK;d ü vufwpfzufukd 141/ tpyfwnfh = ajyjypf qDavsmo f nf/
auG;íydu k Nf y;D &iftyk Ef iS hf vufarmif; oifah vsmf nDnw G o f nf/
auG; qH&k m csKid u hf kd usew f pfzuf 142/ tpdr;f zrf; = tcsed rf qJb G ?J ESL;eyfraebJ trdt&
vuf0g;jzifh wajzmif;ajzmif; ,lonf/
jrnfatmif ½du k cf wfjcif;/ 143/ taqmif = ud, k Ef iS rhf uGm aqmif,al om ypön;f /
117/ vSraemf = vSyaom raemf ewforD;/ 144/ txD;usef = cdu
k ;kd &mrJh jzpfonf/ qif;&J rJaG wonf/
118/ avQmaf w = opfyif jrufyifr&S aom avQmjf zifh jyKvyk f 145/ te*¢&wem = twdik ;f rod wefzdzdk;½Sad om &wem/
xm;onfh ouFef;/ 146/ teEÅ = tqH;k r½Sad om/ tydik ;f tjcm; r½Sad om/
119/ a00kpf = pum;y&d,m ,f/ 147/ tzwfwif = ydik qf ikd af om t&mtjzpf <uif;use&f pf
120/ a0g,mOf = bk&if? tdraf ½SUrif;ESihf bk&ift h oem;awmf onf/ tusK;d tjrwf useo f nf/
jrwf cH&onfh y*dK¾ vw f oYkd m pD;eif;&aom 148/ tNrKd uef ufwH = aojcif;uif;rJah om tjzpf/ edAmÁ ef/
vlxrf;onfh ,mOfwpfrsK;d / (xl;jrwf&m tppftrSejf zpfaom edAmÁ ef)
121/ 0ufpm;usif; = 0ufrsm; tpm½Sm&mü aumfyuf yufxm;aom 149/ tvQi;f = t½Si;f / vHk;0 ryg½Sd/
ajrt&yf/ 150/ t0Dpd = i&JBuD; ½Spx f yfwiG f atmufq;kH jzpfaom
122/ 0ufpm;usif;aumf= aus;Zl;uef;onf/ i&Jtrnf/
123/ a0ó0Pfewf = ewfrif;Bu;D wpfyg;/ 151/ tmuyg;pyf = omrefr[kwaf om? xl;jcm;aom yg;pyf/
124/ omuDv;kH rsuf = omuDtEG,0f ifjzpfNy;D Munfíh aumif; 152/ tm½Hk = pdw\ f usupf m;&m? pdw\ f rSwD , G &f m/
azsmf aom? vSywifw h ,faom rdz&k m;/ 153/ £aÈ´ = ud, k f EIwf paom trlt&mwdu Yk kd
125/ oHo&m = b0topfjzpfjcif;jzifh tpOfrjywfbJ apmifph nf;rI/
tzefwvJvJ usiv f nf&m b0puf/ ( wajymif;jyefjyef usiv f nf&m) 154/ Ouif = &mZyv’i\ f txufyikd ;f txGw/f
126/ oHomurf;&yf = oHo&m\ wpfzufurf;? edAmÁ ef/ jrifjh rwfaomt&m/
127/ aomfarSmf = yef;yk yef;<uwpfrsK;d / 155/ OuXf = txGwt f xdy?f tBu;D trSL;? OD;acgi;f /
128/ oBueF , f if = acgi;f aq;r*FvmjyKonf/ 156/ Oy'á0g = rarQmfvifhbJ ½kww f &uf jzpfvmaom
129/ od*Ð = a½Taumif;wpfrsK;d / ab;tEÅ&,f/
130/ od*aÐ omfarSmf = ekyef yk pf p? vSvyS y a½TyiG u hf av;rsm; 157/ {u&mZf = wpfyg;wnf;aomrif;/
BuJxm;aom yef;<u/

pmpD p muH k ; avh v mcsuf
Ed k i f i H a wmf t vH
- Edik if aH wmftvH azmfaqmif\/ urÇmwGif jrefrm jynf[íl oD;jcm; tcsKyt f jcm
- Edik if aH wmftvHwiG f yg0ifonfh oauFwESihf tmPmydik zf &Ykd m jynf axmifpo k m;tm;vH;k \ aoG;pnf;rIjzifh pdeaf c:
ta&miftaoG;wd\ Yk teuft"dymÜ ,frsm;? &,l cJ&h onfukd yifvpkH mcsKyu f oufaocHco hJ nf/ ,aeY wGiv f nf;
- Edik if aH wmftvHukd Edik if o H m;wdik ;f u tav;tjrwf pnf;vH;k nDñw G jf cif;pGr;f tm; uif;rJíh rjzpfygacs/ xdjYk yif nDñw G jf cif;
xm;tyfy?kH pGr;f tm;udyk g oauFwjyKxm;\/ OmPfynmBu;D rm;jcif;? aysm½f iT f
- Ekid if aH wmftvHukd t&dt k aorJh jyKrjd cif;\ tjypf csr;f ajrUjcif;wdu Yk vkd nf; azmfaqmifxm;\/ rSeyf gonf/ pnf;vH;k
- Ekid if aH wmftvHukd vTix hf t l yfonfh ae&mXmeESihf nDñw G rf I ½Sio f efa&;onf ucsi?f u,m;? u&if? csi;f ? Arm? rGe?f
tcsed t f cgumvrsm;/ &cdik ?f ½Sr;f paom wdik ;f &if;EG,zf mG ;wdYk pkaygi;f xm;onfh jynfaxmifpk
- rdrt d jrifEiS hf cH,cl su/f EdkifiHawmf\ toufaoG;aMumyif/ xdkYjyif jynfaxmifpkom;
taygi;f wdo Yk nf taMumif;tusK;d ? taumif;tqd;k wdu Yk kd odjrifEikd f
Ed k i f i H a wmf t vH pGr;f onfh OmPfynm Bu;D rm;olrsm; jzpfMuzdYk vdt k yfayao;onf/
þtcsuu f m; ynma&;jzifh acwfrzD YHG NzKd ;wd;k wufaom Edik if aH wmfopf
uREfkyfwdkY jynfaxmifpkom;taygif;wdkY\ EdkifiHawmfudk qDoYkd &nfreS ;f Muonfh Edik if aH wmftwGuf ta&;ygvaS yonf/ odrYk o S m
jynfaxmifpok r®wjrefrmEdik if aH wmf[k jy|mef;xm;\/ xdaYk Mumifh ,aeY -
toH;k jyKaeonfh uREykf w f \
Ykd Edik if aH wmftvHtrnf tjynft h pHuk kd ]]..rsm;vlcyford ;f ? Nird ;f csr;f apzd.Yk ..
]]jynfaxmifpk or®w jrefrmEdik if aH wmftvH}}[k ac:wiG t f yfayonf/ cGiwhf n l rD Q? 0g' jzLpifwhJ jynf...}}
EdkifiHawmftvH[lonf jrefrmEdkifiHom; tm;vHk;udk qdkonfESifh nDayrnf/ Nidrf;csrf;jcif;? cGifhwl nDrQjcif;wdkYudk
udk,fpm;jyK\/ jrefrmwdkif;&if;nDaemif wdkYrSDwif;aexdkifcJhonfh rl0g'ajzmifrh eS pf mG azmfaqmif ay;Edik rf o S mvQif ppfreS af om aysm½f iT f
jrefrmjynfwpf0ef;vH;k udk ud, k pf m;jyK\/ jrefrmhajrxk? a&xk? avxk csr;f ajrUjcif;udk cHpm;Edik Mf urnf jzpfayonf/
obm0 ywf0ef;usif tpktaygi;f udv k nf; ud, k pf m;jyK\/ jrefrmh Edik if aH wmf tvH½dS tpdr;f a&mifonfvnf; oabmteuf
vGwfvyfa&;ordkif;pOfudkvnf; udk,fpm;jyK\/ jrefrmEdkifiH\ us,af jympGm azmfaqmifygonf/ ,aeYurÇmom;wdo Yk nf obm0udk
vGwv f yfjcif;udv k nf; ud, k pf m;jyK\/ w&m;rQwjcif;rluv kd nf; qefYusifrdcJhonf/ ,cktcg obm0 ywf0ef;usifwdkY rsm;pGm
ud,k pf m;jyK\/ jrefrmEdik if o H m;wdYk wefz;kd xm;tyforQ t&mtpk ysujf yKe;f \/ a*[pepfwYkd ,dik ef aYJ e\/ acwfa½SU rsm;rsm;ajy;onfh
taygi;f wdu Yk kd ud, k pf m;jyKayawmhownf;/ wkid ;f jynfwYkd rsm;rsm;Bu;D ab;awGUuek af v\/
Edik if aH wmftvHwiG f yg0ifonfh oauFw teuft"dymÜ ,f uREyfk w f Ykd jrefrmjynfum; acwfa½SU rajy;/ acwfaemuf
zGiq hf ykd u
kH v
kd nf; avhvmoifah y\/ Edik if aH wmftvHwiG f atmufcH
us usefcJhonfudk ,aeYtpdk;& opfu jyefvnf tzwfqnf
ta&miftjzpf t0g? tpdr;f ? teDwu Ykd kd awGUEikd of nf/ oH;k a&mifjc,f
ae&onf/ odkYaomf tqdk;xJu taumif; &wwfao;\/
toGijf zifh jrif&onf/ jrefrmhvw G v
f yfa&; BuKd ;yrf;rI ordik ;f pOfwiG f
wrifwum pDrHay;cJhavonfvm;[kyif ,ciftkyfcsKyfolwdkYudk
xnf0gpmG toH;k jyKco hJ nfh oH;k a&mifjc,f tvHukd tav;tjrwfjyK
aus;Zl; wifxu kd af yao;onf/ wpfurÇmvH;k eD;yg; rd;k arQmwf u
kd f
azmfñeT ;f xm;aMumif; rSwo f m;&ygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh Edik if aH wmftvH
Bu;D rsm; aqmufvsuf aumif;uifodkY wufum ajrvTmajrjyifudk
onf vGwv f yfa&;BuKd ;yrf;rIumvwdu Yk kd oauFwjyK vsu½f o
o½d;k udik v dS nf/
f suf tpdr;f a&mif opfyifawmwef;wdYk avsmyh g;arS;rSed f
wdbYk ;kd bGm;wdYk toufaoG;acR; tqifq h ifh paw;um vGwv f yfa&;
oGm;csdefwGif jrefrmjynfrSm pdrf;vef;pdkjynfvsuf usef½SdaecJhonf/
&,lBuKd ;yrf; cJMh uayonf[k atmufarYz, G f jzpfaponf/
c&D;oGm; {nfo h nfwYkd pdwfvufMunfEl;pGm vSnfhvnf arGUavsmf
EdkifiHawmftvH½Sd t0ga&mifonfum; pnf;vHk;jcif;udk tyfonfh tpdrf;a&mifajr jzpfcJh\/ ajrqDMoZm <u,f0qJ/
obm0ESihf nDñw G rf QwqJ/ at;at;csr;f csr;f omom,m,m
aecsifhpzG,f ½SdaeqJ/ xdkt&if; tjrpfwdkY\ oauFwtjzpf ½kyf½Sif½Hkrsm;ü awGUEdkif\/ olwdkYonf ½kyf½SifjyuGufwGif vTifhxl
Edik if aH wmftvHwiG f tpdr;f a&mifukd azmfaqmifxm;ayonf/ azmfjyonfh Edik if aH wmf tvHukd 0wfaus0wfuek o f m tav;xm;
Muonf/ oDcsif;qHk;atmif raebJ xdkifcsvdkufMuonf/ tcsKdu
Ekid if aH wmftvH½dS teDa&mifrmS &J&ifjh cif;ESihf jywfom;jcif;udk
pm;vufp aeMumaphüom tm½kHxm;vsuf½Sd\/ rwfwyf&yf&
azmfñeT ;f \/ þtcsuw f iG f uREyfk o f nf vGwv f yfa&; zcifBu;D \
aumif;rSe;f yifrod/ þonfrmS trdEikd if aH wmfukd cspjf rwfE;kd olw\Ykd
pdwf"mwfudk ajy;jrifrdonf/ AdkvfcsKyf\ &J&ifhjywfom;jcif;udk
tjyKtrlrsK;d r[kw/f Edik if aH wmf[al om oabmudk vspv f sL½I wwfol
aer0iftifyg,m xlaxmifco hJ l t*Fvyd w f uYkd yif tav;xm;cJMh u\/
vlrdpämrsm;om/ xdkpkef;jyL;rsm;udk EdkifiHawmfudk apmifha½Smuf
þpdwf"mwfrSm ordkif;u ay;onfh tarG[k qdktyfonf/
rnfo h rl sm;[k ,Hrk w S íf r&Edik /f pufqyk zf , G f ½GU&H mS zG,of m ½Sad cs\/
bk&ifhaemif? tavmif;bk&m;? AE¨Kv ponfh acgif;aqmifjrwf
om;orD; raumif; rdbacgi;f ? wynfh raumif;q&mhacgi;f qdo k vdk
toD;oD;wdu Yk ay;qufco hJ nfh jrefrmhaoG; tarGyif/
rdbq&mwd\ Yk *kPo f u d m© udyk g xdcu kd f apol vlaY vaygrh sm;yif/
Edik if aH wmftvH\ tv,fwnfw h nfw h iG f tcsKd ;tpm;
þwGif Edik if aH wmfukd cspo f nf[k qdu k m ae&mwumwGif
usus yg0ifaeonfh Mu,f\ta&mif tjzLa&mifonf oefY½Sif;
EdkifiHawmftvHudk aygaygyJyJ vTifhxlaejcif;rsKd; rjyKrdatmif
pifMu,fjcif;? ajzmifrwf rSeu f efjcif;? u½kPmw&m; jynf0h jcif;ESihf
*½kpu kd &f ygrnf/ tpd;k &Xmersm;? oifw h ifah vsmufywfonfh tcrf;
pG r f ; tif j ynf Y p H k j cif ; wd k Y u d k azmf ñ T e f ; ayonf / þtcsuf r S m
tem;rsm;? wpfrsK;d om;vH;k ESihf oufqikd o f nfh aeYBu;D &ufjrwfrsm;?
acgi;f aqmifaumif;wd\ Yk *kP&f nfukd wefz;kd xm; azmfjyaeonfh
wdik ;f jynfukd ud, k pf m;jyK azmfjytyfonfh tcgumvrsm;wGif Edik if aH wmf
tvm;½So d nf/
tvHukd vTix hf t l yfayonf/ þwGiv f nf; tav; tjrwf xm;aom
Munfhyg/ ,aeY uREfkyfwdkY EdkifiHawmf\ xdyfoD; pdwjf zifh vTiw hf ifjcif;? ½kyo f rd ;f jcif;wdu Yk kd jyKtyf\/
acgi;f aqmifrsm;rSm ,cifacgi;f aqmiftcsKd UwEYkd iS hf jcm;em;vSygonf/
pifppfwGif trdEkdifiHawmfudk cspfrS EdkifiHawmftvHudk
tkycf sKycf jH ynfo[ l k rqdb k J ]]rdbjynfo}l }[k wav;wpm; qdyk ükH
tav;tjrwfxm;ayrnf/ trdEikd if aH wmfukd cspjf cif;onf rsK;d csppf w d f
u½kPmw&m; jynfh0jcif;*kPf&nfudk awGUEdkifonf/ xdkYjyif
xufoefjcif;yif jzpfonf/ rsK;d csppf w d f qdo k nfrmS vnf; ud, k ahf &?
tar&duefuJhodkY urÇmY tiftm;BuD; EdkifiHrsm;uyif uREkfyfwdkY\
ud, k ahf jr? ud, k &f yf ud, k ahf 'oudk wefz;kd xm;jcif;rS tpjyKchJ ayrnf/
acgi;f aqmifrsm;udk ta&;w,l zdwMf um;um todtrSwjf yKMuyHu k kd
,aeYonf uREyfk w f \Ykd ud, k &hf yfu, kd ahf jr wefz;kd xm; zG,jf zpfatmif
owif;rsm;wGif jrifawGUae&onfrSm pGrf;&nfjynfh0jcif;*kPfudk
uREyfk w f tYkd m;vH;k xx <u<u Ed;k Mum;Mu&rnfY acwfajymif;csed ?f
om"uaqmifvsuf ½Sdygonf/ xdkYtjyif oefY½Sif;pifMu,faom
acwfopf xlaxmifcsed f jzpfonf/ xdaYk Mumifh Ekid if aH wmftvHukd
tpdk;&? ajzmifhrwfrSefuefonfh trIxrf;aumif;rsm; jzpfatmif
tav;jyKvu kd w f ikd ;f -
azmfaqmif Edik af &;twGuv f nf; pDraH qmif½u G f aeMuayao;onf/
]]..wdjYk ynf...wdaYk jr..? tusK;d udk nDnmpGm
xdaYk Mumifh xdMk u,fjzLonf uREyfk w f Ykd Edik if o H m;tm;vH;k udk tvif;
wdw Yk pfawG..? xrf;aqmifygpaYkd v..?
aqmif vrf;jyonfh tvm;yif/
wdw Yk m0efay..? tzd;k wef ajr /}}
xdkYaMumifh jrefrmEdkifiHom;rSefvQif trdjrefrmEdkifiHudk [lí ESv;kH oGi;f owd& opömapmifo h d tm;arG; tyfayawmhownf;/
udk,fpm;jyKonfh EdkifiHawmftvHudk tav;tjrwfxm;Mu&rnf
jzpfonf/ jrefrmha&ajr awmawmifwu Ykd kd wefz;kd xm;rI? wdik ;f &if;om; Ad k v f c sKyf a tmif q ef ;
jynfaxmifpo k m; taygi;f udk av;pm;cspMf unfr?I vGwv f yfa&;udk - trsK;d om;acgi;f aqmifBu;D jzpfykH
apmifx h ed ;f vdrk ?I vGwv f yfa&; BuKd ;yrf;rI jzpfpOfwu Ykd kd trSw&f rI? - Adv k cf sKy\ f i,fpOfuav;b0? ausmif;om;i,fb0
wdAYk v kd cf sKyu f kd owdw&odwwfrw I u Ykd kd xkwaf zmfjyoaomtm;jzifh - ausmif;om;Bu;D b0wGif Edik if aH &;avmuodYk 0ifa&mufykH
EkdifiHawmftvHudk tav;tjrwfjyKtyfayonf/ jrefrmjynfudk - Adv k cf sKk y\ f vGwv f yfa&;BuKd ;yrf;rI
cspo f nfh ESv;kH om;½Sv d Qif wdu k w
f eG ;f zdyYk if vdrk nfrxif/ - jynfaxmifpk wpfrsK;d om;vH;k udk acgi;f aqmifrI ay;Edik f cJyh kH
odaYk omf Edik if aH wmftvH\ av;eufonfh oabm*kPf - vkyBf uH cH&jcif;? rdrt d jrifEiS hf cH,cl su/f
wdu
Yk kd avhvm& aumif;rSe;f rodMu olwYkd ½Sad eygonf/ xdo
k w
l u
Ykd dk
pmtk y f oif ½ d k ; wG i f ,cif u yg&S d a omf v nf ; ,aeY v uf & S d
P239
Ad k v f c sKyf a tmif q ef ; jy|mef;pmtkyfwGif yg0ifjcif;r&Sd[k od&ygonf/ odkYaomfvnf;
uREfkyfwdkYwGif todtjrif wdk;yGm;ap&ef[kqdkum jznfhpGuf
Ad k v f c sKyf a tmif q ef ; onf u m; jref r mh a cgif ; aqmif oifMum;ay;cJhygonf/ onfhtwGuf q&mYudk aus;Zl;wif
taygif;wdkYteuf Zmwdrmef ½Sdolwdkif;u tm;us&oljzpfonf/ OD;cku d rf yd gao;\/
jynfaxmifpo k m; wdik ;f &if;om;taygi;f wd\Yk cspcf ifav;pm; tm;ud;k
,HMk unfjcif;rsm;udk cH,El ikd cf o hJ l jzpf\/ jrefrmhrsK;d cspw f yfrawmfom; xdpk um;ajywGif Adv k cf sKyu f , kd wf ikd f ajymjyxm;onfrmS
toD;oD;\ ESv;kH aoG;wGif tjrKawpdr0hf ifEidk pf rG ;f ol/ udv k ekd eD ,fcsUJ uav;b0wG i f tvd v
k u
k d c
f H cJ &
h oj z ifh aus mif;ae&G,f vGeo f nfw h ikd f
t*Fvyd w f u Ykd yif ta&;xm;av;pm; cs;D usL; *kPjf yK&ol/ uREykf w f Ykd ausmif;roGm;cJh[k qdkonf/ tpfudk jzpfol &SifjyKpOf rdrdyg
ausmif;om;vli,f taygi;f wdu Yk xm0pOf cspcf ifav;pm; tm;xm; &Sijf yKvo kd nf[k ylqmcgrS ]&Sijf yKvv kd Qif pmwwfrjS zpfrnf} [lonfh
Mu&ol/ jrefrm wpfrsK;d om;vH;k u wnDwñTww f nf; tav; tMumif;cHjzifh ausmif;paecJhonf[k qdkonf/ xl;jcm;csufrSm
tjrwfjyK&ol trsK;d om; acgi;f aqmifBu;D jzpfayawmhonf/ touf½SpfESpfcefYwGifrS ausmif;paeaomfvnf; ÚmPfxuf
jrufvo S jzifh twef;rsm; ausmw f uf cGi&hf jcif; jzpfonf/
uREykf w f Ykd twef;i,fpOfu-
]azaz:0g&q D ,fo h ;kH rSm Adv k cf sKyaf rG;aeYyg} twef; ausmfwufonfhtavsmuf pGrf;aqmif&nf
[k tpcsu D m vGwv f yfa&; zcifBu;D Adv k cf sKyf atmifqef;onf rS mvnf ; ajymifajrmufvyS gonf/ owårwef;ESpw f iG f jrefrmwpf
ewfarmufZmwd jzpfaMumif;? ewfarmufNrKUdrmS jrefrmjynf rd;k enf;&m jynfvHk;wGif e0rpGJcJhonf/ xdkpOfacwfu owårwef;wGif
rauG;c½dik w f iG f wnf&adS Mumif;? zcif a&SUaeOD;zm? rdcifa':pw k uYkd tpd;k &ppfpmar;yJu G kd ajzMu&onf[k q&mu ajymjy&m wpfjynfv;kH
c&pfESpf 1915 ckESpfwGif zGm;oefYpifaom ti,fqHk;om;axG; wGif e0rtqifh pJGjcif;onf uREkfyfwdkY ,aeYacwf q,fwef;
jzpfaMumif; ponfjzifh pwif&if;ES;D cJ&h ygonf/ pmar;yJG\ aAGaqmfwpfusdyf ( Top Ten ) pm&if;0ifyHkrsKd;
jzpfrnf[k awG;awmrdum Adv k cf sKyu f kd tm;us cJ&h ygonf/ xkjYd yif
aemufyikd ;f twef;&vmonfwiG f q&m? q&mrwdu Yk Ak'¨bmom ausmif;ESifh trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;wGif yxrpJGcJhol
ajymjyojzif h vnf ; aumif ; ? pmaywG i f rS w f o m;&ojzif h jzpfaMumif; od&jyef&m uREykf w f rYkd mS ydík yif0rf;ajrmufMu\/
vnf;aumif; Adv k cf sKy\f i,frnf rSm armifxed v f if; jzpfaomfvnf;
ausmif;tyfcsed f wGif tpfukd armifatmifoef;ESihf vdu k zf ufatmif xdo k Ykd xl;cRejf cif;aMumifh jzpfrnf/ txufwef;wGif
armif a tmif q ef ; [k ac:wG i f apcJ h a Mumif ; ]atmif q ef ; } paumvm;½Spf cHpm;cGihf &cJo h nf/ þonfrmS vnf; *kP, f zl , G yf if/
trnfwGifyHkudk odrSwfcJh& jyefonf/ twef;BuD;vmonfhtcg xdkYxufydkí uREkfyfwdkY tHhMocsD;usL; tm;usrI tjzpf&qHk;rSm
jrefrmhvw G v f yfa&; ordik ;f wGif acgi;f aqmifrI ay;Edik cf o hJ nfh jzpfpOf touf½SpfESpf a&mufrS ausmif;paeol jzpfygvsuf ynmoifESpf
wd k Y u d k y g oif , l c J h & ojzif h Ad k v f c sKyf u d k yd k í av;pm; av;ESpw f mcefrY Qjzifh q,fwef;odYk wufum toufq,fah v;ESpf
tm;uscMhJ u&ygonf/ wGif q,fwef; atmifjrifjcif; jzpfygonf/ xdktaMumif;wdkYudk
&Si;f vif; ajymjyaepOf uREyfk w f \ Ykd jrefrmpmq&m ud, k w f ikd vf nf;
þwG i f Ad k v f c sKyf E S i f h ywf o uf o nf h pd w f 0 if p m; rsuv f ;kH jyL;um tht H m;oifh [efjycJo h nfukd ,ckyif jyefjrifa,mif
todtjrifymG ;zG,f taMumif;tcsuf tenf;i,fukd ajymjycsif ygonf/ rdaeyg ao;onf/ q&m udk,fwdkifvnf; pmoifaevsuf u
,refEpS u f e0rwef;wGif rSwo f m;cJ&h jcif; jzpfygonf/ uREykf w f \ Ykd 0rf;ajrmuf *kP, f al e[ef jzpfcyhJ gonf/
jrefrmpm q&mwpfO;D u ]jrefrmpm oifcef;pmwpfy'k f taejzif}h
vufqifu h rf; ajymjycJyh gonf/ od k Y E S i f h &ef u k e f w uú o d k v f o d k Y wuf a &muf um
Edik if aH &;pdwf xufoefvo S jzifh bDt,f yxrESpf us½;IH cJo h nf[k
]]AdAdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;\ ausmif;om; b0ESifh ynma&; qdkygonf/ xdkodkY us½HI;aomfvnf; Oya'&mZ0if bmom&yfwGif
tjrif}}[lonfh Adv k cf sKy\f ud, k w f ikd af &; tw¬Kyw Ü då aumufEw k cf suf yxr &cJah o;onf/ bDt,f'w k , d ESpw f iG f Edik if aH &;avmuodYk
pum;ajywpfy'k u f kd oifMum;ay;jcif; jzpfygonf/ oifcef;pm rprD ul;ajymif;cJo h nf[k qdx k m; ygonf/ þwGif q&mu ta&;yg
q&mhajymjycsut f & e0rwef; yif&if;jrefrmpm pum;ajyvufa½G;pif aom tajymif; tvJrsm;udk jzpfay:apcJo h nfh tcsurf sm;udk jznfph u G f
ajymjyonf/ AdkvfcsKyfonf wuúokdvfwGif ausmif;om;rsm; *syefppfwyfonf a&G&nfpdrf vGwfvyfa&;ay;um?
jyKpx k w k af 0onfh td;k a0r*¾Zif;\ t,f'w D m wm0ef ,lc&hJ onf[k zufqpfpepf usifhoHk;ojzifh t*FvdyfwdkYESifh em;vnfrI,lum
qdyk gonf/ zufqpfwu kd zf suaf &;rsm; jyKc&hJ jyefygonf/ *syefwyf xGucf mG
onfhtcg t*FvdyfwdkYESifh yl;wJGvsuf wdkif;jynf xlaxmifa&;
xdktcsufrSm jrefrmh udkvdkeDe,fcsJUudk qefYusifonfh
tkyfcsKyfa&; wm0efrsm;udk aqmif&Guf&jyefonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\
trsKd;om;a&; ordkif;aMumif;wGif ta&;ygvSygonf/ 'kwd,
Adv
k cf sKyrf mS touf i,f&, G pf OfrmS yif Armhwyfrawmf\ ppfaoem
ausmif;om;oydwf rD;awmufudk jzpfay:aprnfh peufwH[k
ywdcsKyfwm0ef,l&onf/ tpdk;&tzJGU acgif;aqmif jzpfvmcJh\/
qdEk ikd o
f nfY aqmif;yg;wpfy'k u f kd td;k a0r*¾Zif;wGif azmfjycJo h nf/
xdo k w Ykd m0ef,&l pOf ordik w f iG rf nfh pum;wpf&yfurkd ed q Yf ckd ahJ o;onf-
wuúov kd af umifp0D ifwpfO;D \ ravsmrf uef azmufvaJG zmufjyef
]]usKyw f [ Ykd m? 'Dwikd ;f jynfr,f tpd;k & jzpfatmif
jyKrIwdkYudk oa&mfxm;onfh ]i&JacG;BuD; vGwfaeNyD} [lonfh
twif;t"r® vkyx f m;vdYk tpd;k &jzpf aewm r[kwb f ;l /
aqmif;yg;[k od&onf/ tmPmydkifwdkYu aqmif;yg;a&;oludk
wdik ;f jynfvx l ½k UJ axmufcrH eI YJ usKyw f Ykd tpd;k &jzpf aewm/
ppfar;&m t,f'Dwm udkatmifqef;u jiif;y,f\/ odkYESifh
wdik ;f jynfvx l u k rMunfñakd wmhb;l qdw k m
ausmif;xkwf cH&\/ zdESdyftkyfcsKyfjcif;? udkatmifqef;udk
usKyw f Ykd od&wJw h pfaeYr,f/ usKyw f v Ykd nf; raeygb;l /
ausmif;xkwjf cif;wdt Yk ay: useaf om ausmif;om;wdu Yk rcHr&yfEikd f
&ufa½G;raeygb;l / xGuo f mG ;rSmyJ/}}
acs/ wuúov kd f aumifpu D kd uefu Y u
G Mf uavonf/ odEYk iS hf 'kw, d
[laom pum;jzpfygonf/ xdkrdefYqdkcsuf\ oabmudk ydkrdk
ausmif;om;oydwf jzpfay:um e,fcsUJ t*Fvyd w f \ Ykd tmPmpufukd
&Si;f vif;ap&ef uRKyw f EYkd idk if \H vuf½dS tpd;k &ESihf ,ciftpd;k & uGmjcm;yH?k
zDqefonfh trsKd;om;a&;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm; qufwdkuf jzpfyGm;\/
vuf½t Sd pd;k & usi;f yay;onfh Ny;D cJo h nfh Mum;jzwf a½G;aumuf
e,fcsUJ t*Fvyd w f t
Ykd wGuf trSew f u,fyif ]i&JacG;Bu;D vdu k jf cif;ud}k
yJrG sK;d onf jynfow l \ Ykd a½G;aumuf wifajrmS ufjcif; [k qdx k u kd yf kH
pwif BuKH awGUcpH m; xdwv f efrY I yGm;apcJo h nf[k q&mu &Si;f jycJh
ponfwdkYudk q&mu om"ujyK &Sif;jy ay;cJh\/ xdkYaMumifh
ygonf/
uREyfk w f rYkd mS Adv k cf sKyf atmifqef;udk ydík Munfñckd hJ Mu&ygonf/
oyd w f a rS m uf a cgif ; aqmif ud k a tmif q ef ; onf
wdik ;f jynfu rMunfñv kd Qif wG,u f yf raeyg[k Adv k cf sKyu f
ausmif;jyefwufciG hf &cJah omfvnf; aemufyikd ;f wGif ynma&;vrf;udk
qdck o hJ nf/ odaYk omf Adv k cf sKyu f kd jynfaxmifpo k m; wdik ;f &if;om;
pGeu Yf m Edik if aH &; avmuodYk ajcpkeyf pf 0ifcyhJ gawmhonf/ wdAYk rm
taygif;u cspfMuygonf/ tm;udk; ,HkMunf Muygonf/
tpnf;t½H;k wGif taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rI; wm0ef xrf;½Guo f nfu
MunfñMkd uyg\/ xdaYk Mumifv h nf; vGwv f yfa&; yef;wdik t f wGuf
pum ocifatmifqef; [lí xif&mS ;cJo h nf/ wdAYk rmtpnf;t½H;k
yifr a&aomufjrpf[k qdt k yfonfh jynfaxmif pkom; taygi;f wd\ Yk
0ifreS o f rQ tmPmydik w f \
Ykd rsupf ad 'guaf xmufMunfjh cif;udk cH&\/
aoGpnf;cspMf unfrI tkwjf rpfwikd u f kd yifvkH pmcsKyjf zifh tcdik t f rm
pH;k prf;ppfaq;zrf;qD; cH&/ axmifcsc&H / ocifatmifqef;rSmvnf;
pduk x f l Edik cf ahJ yonf/
t*Fvyd t f pd;k &\ zrf;0&rf;xkwjf cif; cH&onf/ vQKd U0u S pf mG oGm;vm
aexdik &f \/ pHak xmufrsm; ajc½Iyaf eonfMh um;rS jynfyodYk w½kwf jrefrmjynfukd vGwv f yfa&; ay;&awmhrnfh t*Fvyd w f \Ykd
oabFmom;a,mif aqmifum cdk;xGufNyD; *syef wyfrawmfESifh aoG;cJGrIudk yifvHkpmcsKyfjzifh acszsufum jynfe,f? jynfr
qufo, G rf I ,lco hJ nf/ poñfh vGwv f yfa&;BuKd ;yrf;rI jzpfpOfwu Ykd kd wpfpnf;wpfv;kH wnf; vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf BuaH qmifEikd cf \ hJ /
avhvmodjrif&onfrmS &ifwxdwf xdwjf zifh tm;&zG,f ½Sv d yS gonf/ jrefrmwpfrsK;d om;vH;k u vGwv f yfa&; zcifBu;D [k *kP, f 0l rf;jrmuf
yDwd jzpfMu&ukeo f nf/
odEYk iS hf t*Fvyd u f kd vufeufuikd f wdu k cf u kd af &;twGuf
*syefppfwyfESifh qufoG,frI jyKum &JabmfoHk;usdyf[k ordkif; ]]wdik ;f jynfvx l u k rMunfñakd wmhb;l qdw k m usKyw f Ykd
xif&Sm;onfh trsKd;om; ppfonfawmfrsm; arG;xkwfEdkifcJh\ od&wJw h pfaeYr,f/ usKyw f v Ykd nf; raeygb;l /}}[k rdeq Yf o kd nfh pum;rSm
befaumufrw S pfqifh jrefrmjynfwiG ;f odYk ppfMumif; oH;k aMumif;csD AdkvfcsKyfonf tcGifhta&;orm;r[kwfMumif;? tmPmrufol
0ifa&mufNyD; t*Fvdyftcuf? Armhtcsuf vkyfcJhyHkwdkYukd zwf&I& r[kwaf Mumif;? Edik if t H wGuf ay;qyfol oufouf om jzpfaMumif;
onfrmS vnf; pdwt f m; wuf<uzG,yf if/ xif&mS ;ygonf/ vGwv f yfa&; &,lNy;D ygu Edik if aH &;rS xGuu f m
pmaya&; om;vsuf at;at;vl v l aeoG m ; rnf [ k ordik ;f udk rarhjcif; jzpfonf/ rarYonft h jyif Adv
k cf sKyv
P241
f kd jrifjh rwf
ajymqdkavh&SdaMumif;vnf; trsm;odMuyg\/ MunfñdkzG,f ac:if;aqmifaumif;udk awmifhwrGwfodyfjcif; jzpfayawmh\/
aumif;vSayawmhonf/
Munfhyg/ uREkfyfwdkYausmifom;vli,f taygif;wdkYonf
AdkvfcsKyf\b0onf &dk;ajzmifhvSonf/ AdkvfcsKyf\ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;jywkdufodkY oGm;a&mufMuonf/ AdkvfcsKyf
enf;y&d,m,fonf olb Y 0vdyk if pif;pif;ajzmihaf jzmif/h Adv k cf sKy\f aexdkifcJh&mtdrfudk avhvmMu\/ jcH0if;twGif; ajrjyifwGif
pum;teufwrYkd mS jywfjywfom;om;/ Adv k cf sKy\ f pdwpf rG ;f tifrmS pm;yifi,fav;rsm;udk jrifEdkif&m AdkvfcsKyfom ½Sdao;vQif...[k
xufxufjrufjruf/ Adv k cf sKy\
f &ifqikd o
f wård mS &J&0J 0hH /hH Adv
k cf sKy\f awG;awmMuuke\ f / tdraf y: 0&Hwm0,f Adv k cf sKytf oH;k jyKcohJ nfh
&if w G i f ; rS m jrif h j rwf E S v H k ; om;/ þod k Y a om Ad k v f c sKyf u d k yufvuf ukvm;xdkifav;udk cif;xm;vsuf jrifawGUEdkif&m
tjynfht0,HkMunf tm;udk; Muonfh xdkpOfu jrefrmjynfol oGm;avol wdkYAdkvfcsKyfonf þae&mav;rSm aeí EdkifiHhta&;
taygi;f \ &ifuckd ?GJ ESv;kH om;udk xkw?f &Sm;rD;cJwiG f &J&u J ifovdk ajrmfawG; zl;ayrnf/ þae&m av;rSmaeí pmayzwf½I aysmaf rGUz;l
avmifNrdKufaponfh aeY&ufonfum; 1947 ckESpf Zlvdkifv(19) ayvdrrhf nf/ ponfjzifh awG;awmzG,f jzpfapavonf/ aetdrf
&ufaeY jzpfayawmhonf/ xrif;pm;yJw G iG f wnfcif; jyoxm;onfh ZeD;onf a':cifMunfoYkd
&nfñeT ;f onfh ]]Munf..yJjyKwEf iS hf eHjym;? &&if pm;csiw f ,f}}[lonfh
vkyBf uv H rd rhf nf [lonfh owif;rsm; xGuaf y:ae aomfjim;?
aysmif;EJGUEGJU vufa&;aomhudk zwf½I&vQif Muifemwwfaom?
acgif;rmjywfom;ol? wdkif; jynftwGufqdkvQif rdrdtouf cE¨m
arwåma½S;½Iaom ½d;k &Si;f vSonfh rdom;pk b0 av;udk MunfE;l zG,f
ysufjyKef; ygap[k pGefY0Hhol? rSefwmvkyf? [kwfwmajymí &J0Hhol
vGr;f qGwrf \ d / þodaYk om t&m&mtm;vH;k udk pGecYf mG cJ&h &Smonfh
uREyfk w f AYkd v
kd cf sKyo
f nf vHNk cKH a&; tiftm;wd;k jriS hf apmifah ½Smufay;rIrsm;
AdkvfcsKyf\ b0uHudk pmemoem; rqHk; jzpfMu&ukefonf/
udk vufrcH/ xdak eY eHeufwiG f twGi;f 0ef½;kH t0wGif oufawmfapmihf
armifaxG; wpfO;D wnf;om/ wyfzUGJta,mifaqmif rormol wdrYk mS Advk cf sKyaf tmifqef;udk tav;tjrwf xm;ol uREyfk w f rYkd mS
Muuf?iSuf ypfcwfupm;onfEh , S f vG,v f ,G f ulul &ufpufEikd f vGrf;emusae½HkrQjzifh odwwf&m ra&mufEdkifyg/ ausmif;u
tm;Muacsonf/ oifMum;onhf ordkif;ynmudk oif,l½HkrQoufouf r[kwfbJ
ordkif;udkwdk;wufajymif;vJEdkifatmif tm;xkwf Edkif&rnf[k
tpdk;&tzJGU acgif;aqmif AdkvfcsKyfESifhtwl 0efBuD;rsm;
AdkvfcsKyfqdkcJhonf/ xdkYtwl AdkvfcsKyf BudK;yrf;ay;oGm;onfh
jzpfMuonfh ocifjr? ref;bcdkif? OD;b0if;? OD;&mZwf? OD;bcsKd?
vGwv f yfa&;ESihf xdu k w
f efatmif pnf;urf;udk xde;f odr;f vdu k f
rdik ;f yGeaf pmfbmG ;Bu;D ? twGi;f 0ef OD;tke;f armifEiS hf &JabmfarmifaxG;wdYk
emwwfMu&ygrnf/ acwfajymif; pepfajymif;wGif armif;ESit f m;
touf pGefYcJhMu&\/ vkyfBuHcH&onfh owif; wpfjynfvHk; odkY
t&if;tjrpf vli,frsm; jzpfatmif ynmudk BuKd ;ukwf tm;xkwf
&kwfjcnf;yHsUESHY\/ &efukefwpfNrKdUvHk; wdwfqdwf ajcmufuyf\/
BuKd ;yrf;Mu&ygrnf/ wm0efukd rcdrk uyf xef;½GuMf u&ygrnf/ rSew f m
Ek d i f i H o m;taygif ; wd k Y ,l u sKH ; r& jzpf \ / &if 0 ,f w EY H k E U H k
vkyf? [kwfwm ajym0Hholrsm; jzpfzdkY vdkyg\/ AdkvfcsKyfvdk
avmifuRrf;ukef\/ ordkif; jzpf&yfudk wpfqifh jyefMum;&ol
rD;½I;wefaqmifBu;D rjzpfvQiaf omfrS Edik if t
hH a&; tkww f pfc?J oJwpfyiG hf
uREkfyfwdkYrSmvnf; &ifxJvIdufvSJ aMuuJG 0rf;enf; jzpfukef\/
xrf;½Guf o,fydk;EkdifpGrf;ol jzpfatmif wm0efaus Mu&rnf
om;BuD;b0if;? om;axG;atmifqef; om;&ifaoG; ESpfOD;udk
jzpfayawmhonf[k cH,ltm;arG;um AdkvfcsKyftm; tav;xm;
wpfcsdefwnf; vufvTwf qHk;½HI;&ol rdcifBuD; a':pkrSmvnf;
OD;ñGwfvdkuf&ygownf;/ /
om;aysmufrcd if r,fr'ÚD aomuES,rf jcm; ylyifv,f yGm;acsrnf/
]rsuf &nfoeG v f Ykd b0ifñ;kd ? Zlvikd f wpfq,fu h ;kd ..} jzpfayawmh\/
]]&ufvem&D..? tcg&moDa½GU ayr,fh? tmZmenf
aeYujkd zif?h rarhoifh ygoav..}} [lonfh acwfa[mif; aw;onf
uGREkfyfwdkY acwfopfausmif;om;rsm; em;wGifvnf; owdw&m;
yGm;zG,f jzpfcJhygonf/ tmZmenfaeYudk rarhjcif;onfum;
AdkvfcsKyfudk rarhjcif;jzpfonf/ AdkvfcsKyfa&;onfh vGwfvyfa&;
jrwfEdk;&wem jrefrmpm ]wdkYarar}udk ½Gwfqdkwdkif; azaz? ararwdkYudk cspfcifpdwfjzifh
tm;&yg;& atmfqdkcJh\/ ]yif0g;½Hk}uJhodkYaom uAsmav;rsm;udk
ausmif;wGif oif,&l onfh bmom&yf toD;oD;wdw Yk iG f
oif , l & onf h aus;Zl ; aMumif h awmif a wm pH k N rd K if r sm; od k Y
jrefrmpm bmom&yfrSm jrwfEdk;p&m taumif;qHk; jzpfygonf/
a&mufz;l vdpk w d f tpwG,cf ohJ nf/
tjcm;bmom&yfwEYkd iS hf jcm;em;pGm aerI? xdik rf ?I ajymrI? qdrk ?I ,Ofaus;rI?
A[k o k w ? usif h 0 wf v d k u f e mrI paom usif h a qmif zG , f w d k Y owårwef;wGif ]rdwfaqG oHk;OD;} ZmwuyHkjyifudk
jzefaY 0ay;onfh bmom&yfjzpf&m jrefrmpmwGif todtvdrm® w&m;wdYk ES p f o uf & jcif ; rS m ol i ,f c sif ; aumif ; wd k Y \ wef z d k ; ud k
xHrk rT ;f vsuf ½Sad yonf/ ydrk q
kd ifjcifrad paom aMumifyh if/
uREfkyfwdkYonf i,fpOftwef;wGif ]]tdrf? vrf;? ½Gm? ck e pf E S p f t ½G , f ra[mf o "mok c rd e f \ w&m;pD & if
ausmif;? oef½Y iS ;f aMumif;? pkaygi;f trdu I o
f rd ;f }}[k ½Gwqf ckd &hJ onf/ cef;rsm;wGif om;w&m; pD&ifcef; yg0ifonf/ ajrjyifwiG f pnf;om;?
]]ajc? vuf? rsuEf mS ? aq;aMumyg/ use;f rm oef½Y iS ;f a&m*guif;}} pnf;ay:wiG f om;i,fukd csxm;? om;cd;k bDv;l rESihf rdcif&if;wdu Yk kd
[k rSwcf &hJ onf/ ]]ig;Bu;D qD pm;yg}}[k em,lc&hJ onf/ ]]aejcnfrmS ajc&if; acgi;f &if; wpfzufpu D tEdik &f atmif qJcG ikd ;f onfh pD&ifcsurf mS
a½T&nfavmif;}}onfh ]]igwYkd rdcif ausmif;awmf Bu;D }}[k 0rf;ajrmuf cGet
f m;omol bDv;l r twGuf tcGio hf movdk jzpfaeí uREykf f
pdwtf awG;yGm;um cspcf iftm;xm;cJMh uonf/ ]]tdraf emufaz; rauseyfyg/ odkYaomf tEdkif&atmif qJGEdkifol bDvl;ronf
aps;qdkif wnf}} &rnfh oabmudk odjrifcJhonf/ jynfaxmif uav;i,fudk ñSmwmaxmufxm;rI rjyKcJhaMumif; y&dowfwdkY
pkom;csif; ]]xif;pnf;}}tvm; pnf;vHk;&rnfudk em;vnf rsujf rif jzpfco hJ nf/ xdt k csuof nf rdcif&if; r[kwEf ikd af Mumif;
wwfco hJ nf/ ½d;k &mq,fEh pS vf &moD yJaG wmfrsm;ESihf &if;ES;D cJ&h onf/ xif½Sm;onf[k oHk;oyf qHk;jzwf ay;vdkuf&m ra[mfo"m
tif;av;odv Yk nf; ydaYk qmifonf/ jrpfrif;{&me'DaMumwGiv f nf; owdo Yk m;\ ynmyg&rDtpGr;f udk cs;D usL; ESpo f uf tm;&jcif; rsm;pGm
arQmpD;apcJo h nf/ ]]'gwjYkd ynf..'gwaYkd jr? 'gigwjYkd ynf}}[k aw;qdk jzpfc&hJ ygonf/
*k P f , l u m ]]jrif h j rwf w J h Ad k v f a tmif q ef ; }}ud k tmZmenf e0rwef;a&mufaomf trsK;d om;ynm 0ef OD;zd;k usm;\
acgi;f aqmifaumif; tjzpf Munfñckd spcf if av;pm;cJMh uonf/ ]rif;uawmf} 0w¬Kukd uREyfk w f Ykd tm;vH;k ESpo
f ufcMhJ ujyefonf/
vSawmom;wd\ Yk pum;tqifwefqm udv k nf; odjrif t*Fvyd af usmif;ol rñGeaYf rudk rke;f wD;rdonf/ taMumfonf rdcifBu;D
½Tijf rL;&onf/ oHaygurf t S p a'G;csK;d ? av;csK;d ? tdik cf si;f ? vuFm?a':cifudk av;pm;rdonf/ ]txufwef;pm;rdef;r} w&m;
&wkuAsm tvSwu Ydk kd cHpm;avhvmcGifh &cJhonf/ jrefrmpmay½Sd a[majymum rdcifaus;Zl; txl;em;vnf odjrifomG ;NyD jzpfonfh
qH k ; rpm eD w d r sm;? ausmuf p m? &mZ0if u srf ; ? Zmwf 0 w¬ K ? rif;uawmfñeG aYf rudrk l atmifo h ufoufjzifh cs;D usL;rd&jyefonf/
umvay:0w¬K? 0w¬Kw?kd 0w¬Kaqmifyg;? aqmif;yg;? &opmwrf;? &opHv k if ay;jcif;? rdcifarwåmudk av;pm;zG,f jrifawGU& jcif;wdrYk mS
pmwrf;i,f ponfwrYkd S pmay,Ofaus;rI "avhtpOftvmrsm;udk xd0k w¬Kukd ESpo
f uf&onfh t"du taMumif;&if; jzpfayrnf/
odjrif qifjcifciG hf &cJMh uygonf/ oif,&l orQwo Ykd nf vufqifu h rf; e0rwef ; uAsmwG i f ]ES r axG ; r,f h u d k v d k v Qif }
xde;f odr;f apmifah ½Smufz, G rf sm; jzpfonf [lívnf; em,lrw S o f m;cGihf tdik cf si;f udvk nf; txl; ESpo f uf rdonf/ awmifwiG ;f ½SiNf ird ;f r,f\
&cJMh uonf/ wefz;kd rjzwfEikd o f nfh &wemrsm;ygay/ aus;vuftzJGU jzpfonf/ ]waygif;i,frS wefcl;? a½TzDOD;udk..
,aeYwikd f jrwfE;kd ESpo f ufpvGJ rf;ae&qJ jzpfonfh jrefrmpm cl;vSnfhyg½Sif}[lonfh tzJGUav;wGif aus;vuf vHkrav;\
oifcef;pmwdu Yk kd ajymjycsiyf gao; onf/ rlvwef;wGif - ,Of a us;od r f a rG U onf h pd w f x m; xif [ yf v suf ½ S d o nf /
]zd;k omxl;? zd;k omxl; jrefrmrde;f rysKw d \Ykd apmifph nf;odo k yd &f onfh obm0udk ESpof ufz, G f
tvGef 0wJh zd;k omxl;....} wifjyEdik o f jzifh wefz;kd xm;rdygonf/
ponfjzifh ½Gwq f &kd onft h cg o½kyaf zmfyu kH ykd g jrifawGU ae&ojzifh pmqdk aiGwm&D\ ]csDwuftrdefY}udk oif,l&onfh
tvGeaf useyf aysm½f iT cf &hJ ygonf/ tcgwiG v f nf; wyfrawmfom;wd\ Yk ppfcsb
D 0ESihf ppfonftm;rmef
aMumif u av; a½T 0 gtaMumif ; zwf u m wdu Yk kd *kP, f l tm;us rdojzifh ESpo f uf& jyefonf/
aMumifcspw f wfol uREyfk rf mS txl; auseyfro d nf/ ]wdaYk zaz}
wuú o d k v f 0 if w ef ; jref r mpmonf u m; ywå j rm;?
ausmufrsu?f ykvyJ ef;rsm; csn;f om jzpfygawmhonf/ ]]tcsi;f csi;f jrefrmpmu ay;onfh ynmtodwdkYudk cH,ltoHk;cs wwfvQif
P243
trsu?f tþ wpfaphr½S?d cspaf om rsupf jd zifh ½IMu&ap \}}[kaom b0tqifhtwef; wdk;wuf jrifhrm;rnf [kvnf; rdefYygonf/
ol a wmf a umif ; pd w f x m;½S i f ]od C F o l Y o rD ; rd z k & m;}ud k ,Ofaus; vdrm® aom trsK;d aumif;om;orD;? q&maumif; wynfh
rjrifzl;ygbJvsuf ESpfoufav;pm;rqHk; jzpf&onf/ &mZm"d&mZf yef;aumif;yef jzpfatmif usiahf qmifzYkd txde;f tuGyyf u
hJ ikd rf sm;udk
ta&;awmfyHk usrf;rS xkwfEkwfonfh ]pD;csif;wdkufyJG} wGif jrefrmpmbmom&yfwiG f awGUEikd af Mumif; q&mu ñTejf ycJyh gonf/
&mZm"d&mZfEiS hf ,SONf yKd if pD;csi;f xd;k ½H;I edr&hf onfuykd if tnHrh cHbJ xdkYaMumifh jrefrmpmbmom&yfonf ayghayghwefwef
]..wpfcgao aovdak wmhonf}[k qdu k m toufay;oGm;ol AsnEf UGJ\ oif,l&rnfh bmom&yf r[kwfyg/ trsm;pkrSm jrefrmpmudk
pum;rSm pdw"f mwf jywfom;rIt&mwGif pHxm;avmuf ojzifh txifao;aeMu[ef ½SdMuonf/ usufrSwftm; oef½HkrQjzifh
pJGruftm;us 0D&&o yGm;cJhjyefonf/ ol w d k Y u d k , f ol w d k Y jref r mpm*k P f x l ; ½S i f jzpf r nf [ k tyd k i f
uk e f ; abmif a cwf \ pmqd k a usmf B uD ; OD ; yk n \ wGufaeMuonf/ usufpmoufouf[k xifrSwfaeMuonf/
tqifwefqmtvuFm tzJUG wu Ykd kd avhvm&onfwiG f pmawmNrKid f pifppfwGif ESvHk;om;xJu cHpm;em;vnfrI r½SdbJ jrefrmpmu
twGi;f vSnv
hf nf aysmaf rGU&onfEh ,S f ½Iarmrukezf ,
G f cHpm;&ojzifh ay;onfh tod tvdrm® wdu Yk kd odjrifausnufEikd rf nf r[kwaf y/
txl; ESpo
f uf tm;usrjd yefonf/ jrefrmpm *kPx f ;l ESihf xduk w f efol jzpfa&;rSm rvG,yf g/ ]&cJrS
tjcm; em,lz, G f tqH;k tr tqdt
k rdeYf ponfwrYkd mS vnf; &wem}[k qdo k nfEiS t hf nD wefz;kd xm;zG,f jrwfE;kd zG,f &wemppf
rSwo
f m; rukezf ,
G yf if/ jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;vSygonf/ ]jrwfEdk; &wem jrefrmpm}[k
qdxk udk v f yS g\/
uAsmvuFmwdkav;rsm;rStp tusKd;rsm; vSygonf/
]EIwrf I vufr?I twwfpu k }kd wpfcik ,f rQyifjzpfap uRr;f usif ,aeY w G i f ] jrwf E d k ; &wem jref r mpm} [l o nf h
ukefpifatmif wwfajrmuf vQif toufarG; 0rf;ausmif;rI pmpD uH k ;av;ud k a&;cG if h BuH K vd k uf j cif ;ud k u uREk f yf twG uf
jyKEikd o
f nf[k usurf w S cf &hJ onfrmS b0twGuf ta&;ygvyS g onf/ uHxl;vSyg\/ aus;Zl;wifp&m aumif;vSygonf/ jrefrmpmudk
]wpfa,muf pum;? wpfa,muf em;rSm? rcg;&atmif? owdaqmif} jrwfE;kd ol uREykf t
f wGuf þpmpDu;kH av;u tcGit hf vrf; wpfcck k
ajymqdw k wfrS csKo
d majyjypfaom qufqaH &; jzpfEikd rf nfukd em,lchJ ay;aumif;ay;Edik v f rd rhf nf[k r&Jw&J arQmv f ifrh ad omaMumifjh zpfonf/
&onfrmS vnf; aus;Zl;wifp&m aumif;vSygonf/ wpfO;D arwåm wpfO;D rSm[k qdyk gonf/ jrefrmpmuvnf; uREyfk u f kd
wHjYk yefarwåmqkav; ESi;f tyfay;rnf[k ,HMk unfaerdygownf;/
]rD;a&mif? va&mif? aeta&mif? ÚmPfa&mif vTr;f írd;k }[k
qd k o jzif h ynmÚmPf \ aus;Zl ; ud k qif j cif E d k i f o nf / rpkpkcdkif? q'q-73 (2009)/
]...aMumifypk eG pf m;? uRwu f Rw0f g;0g;}[k qH;k rojzifh EIw0f ,f½½G G qdck hJ rSwcf suf
rSwcf &hJ onf/ rpkpck ikd o
f nf twef;pOf wpfavQmuf pmpDu;kH qkwq H yd f
]ynm½Sm olzkef;pm; yrm}[k cdkif;EdIif; onfudkvnf; rsm; tBurd Bf urd f &½Su d m jrefrmpm (77)rSwjf zifh ig;bmom*kPx f ;l ½Sif
em,l½dk;usKd;&jyefonf/ ]rSefuefjcif; opömw&m;ESifh &J&ifjcif; jzpfcJhonf/þpmpDukH ;wGif ta&;tom; ajyjypfuspfvspfyHk?
owåt d pGr;f }wdYk tjyeftvSef aMumif;usK;d jyKaeyHu k kd 0w¬KZmwfvrf;jzifh ESpo f uf&onfh oifcef;pmwdu Yk kd ESpo f uf&onfh taMumif;&if;ESihf
om"ujyK wifjyoGm;&m qifjcif usifhaqmif zG,fyif/ þodkY quf pyfa zmf jyEd
i
k y
f ?
k H rsm;jym; vS o nf h oifcef;pmrsm; xJrS aumif;Ed;k
tusKd ;aus;Zl;rsm;vSyw kH uYkd kd ukepf ifatmif ajymEdik rf nfrxif/ &m&m wdu Yk kd xkwEf w k f azmfjywwfy?kH jrefrmpm*kPx f ;l &vdak Mumif;
vdr®myg;eyfpGm azmfjyoGm;yHkwdkYrSm cspfp&maumif;vS&m pH x m;
jrefrmpmoif q&m&if;wpfO;D \ pum; udo k m ñTe;f csif
avhvmEdkif&ef wnf;jzwf azmfjyay; vdu k yf gonf/
awmhonf/ ] jrefrmpmonf tjcm; bmomynm&yfwx Ykd uf ydík
uREyfk w f Ykd tyg;wGif eD;eD;uyfuyf aus;Zl;jyKvsuf ½Sdaeonf}udk
*½kjyKwwfzYkd wdu k w
f eG ;f onfh pum;yif jzpfonf/ aeYpOfb0twGuf
qH;k jzwf ajymqdk aexdik f usiBhf uH awG;ac:aeorQwo Ykd nf jrefrmpmESihf
rvGwfuif;Edkif[k q&mu qdkygonf/ jyKvkyf orQwdkif;wGif
urÇmY q&mrsm;aeY oifMum;ol q&mr\ oifMum;yHjk zifh om"ujyKcsiyf gonf/ Munfyh g/
q&mronf wpf&ufwGif awm½Gm "avhtcsKdUudk
- q&mwdu Yk t kd av;xm;tyfyEkH iS hf urÇmqY &mrsm;aeY? ajymjyygonf/ tdr0f if;rsm; us,af jymyH?k ajrom;vrf;rwGif vSn;f ?
- q&mwd\ Yk tcef;u@ us,jf yefY ta&;ygy?kH EGm;? uRw J u Ykd kd jrifEidk yf ?kH obm0tavsmuf? a'otavsmuf refusn;f ?
- q&mrsm;aeYEiS hf qufpyfaeonfh wynfw h \
Ykd tawG;rsm;? xaemif;? wrm? vufy?H ukuKdú? uifyeG ;f ? r,fZvD? ql;yky?f o&ufyif?
vdkvm;csufrsm;? arQmfvifhcsufrsm;? oabFmyif? rmvum? MoZm? tke;f yif? xef;yif? ayyif ponfwu Ykd kd
- q&mrsm;aeYtwGuf wynfw h yYkd o Ykd onfh arwåm? aygaygrsm;rsm; awGUEikd jf rifEikd yf ?H k a½S;cwfu qdv k Qif axmfvm*s?D
- rdrcd pH m;rIEiS hf oabmxm;tjrif/ / qdik uf ,f ray: ao;bJ NrKUd t&yfEiS hf vH;k 0 uGjJ ym;yH?k &Gmah wmifzuf
xdyrf S atmfac: vdu k v f Qif ½Gmah jrmufzuf xdyrf S Mum;Ekid yf ?kH vrf;em
urÇmY q&mrsm;aeY rnf? tdrfeHygwfwdkYudk owfrSwf ay;p&m rvdkbJ tcsif;csif;
avmuwGif pD;yGm;a&;? EdkifiHa&;? vlrIa&; ponfh tjyeftvSef qufoG,f oduRrf;MuyHk ponfjzifh ajymjyygonf/
e,fy,fp\kH armif;ESitf m;rsm;tjzpf usiv
f nfaeMuol todynm½Si?f uREfkyfwdkYrSm q&mr ajymonfh awmaus;vufodkY
twwfynm&Sifrsm;rSm r½Sdrjzpf ta&;ygvS\/ xdkYxufydkí oGm;a&muf Munfjh rifvpkd w d rf sm; jzpfay:cJh&onf/ q&mruvnf;
,if ; tod y nm&S i f ? twwf y nm½S i f w k d Y ay:xG e f ; vm&ef vd k u f y d k Y ay;rnf [ k pum;tjzpf ajymcJ h o nf / od k Y a omf
ynmvufqifhurf; oifMum; arG;xkwf ay;vsuf½Sdol q&m uRcJ avmufo?H EGm;cavmufoH rMum;tm;? ½d;k jywfEiS hf EGm;acs;eHyY if
toD;oD;wdkY\ *kPfaus;Zl;udkum; txl;yif tav;tjrwfjyK rxif½mS ;apbJ axmfvm*st D if*sio f H wzke;f zke;f jzifh BuKd qakd ernfh
tyfay&m ESppf Of atmufwb kd mv ( 5 ) &ufaeYukd urÇmY q&mrsm; ,aeYacwf awmaus;vufwiG f obm0"avhppfppfwu Ykd kd jrifawGU
aeYtjzpf owfrwS v f suf xdak eYa&mufwikd ;f urÇmESit
hf 0ef; crf;crf; EdkifzdkY rvG,f awmhaMumif; q&mru jznfhpGuf ajymjyygonf/
em;em; usif;yMuygonf/ odaYk omf anmif&rf;acwfwek ;f uom qdv k Qirf l awmaus;
q&mwd\Yk tcef;u@rSm us,af jym vSonf/ q&mwd\Yk vuf vHkarysKdwpfpku tdkifcsif; aumufpdkufaw;uAsmjzifh
*kP&f nfEiS hf wm0efusi0hf wf wdrYk mS vnf; av;eufrsm; jym;vSonf/ BuKd qakd ernf jzpfaMumif; pum;qufpyfum awmifwiG ;f ½SiNf ird ;f r,f
rnfrQyifrsm; jym;ygap jrefrmwdYk tpOftvm edwt d qdük tusO;f csKyf zJUG oo D nfh ]]ESraxG; r,fu h kd vdv k Qi.f .}}tdik cf si;f uAsm udk qufvuf
tESpx f wk uf m- oif Mu m; ydc
Y k sc y
h J go nf / q&mr\ oifjyrIy&d,m,faMumifh NrKd Ujyacwf
]]twwfvnf;oif pmoifom; uREfkyfwdkYrSm awmaus;vufobm0udk pdwf0ifpm;
yJjh yifq;kH r &aumif;rSe;f ydík odjrifvmcJMh u&yg\/
odyrÜ csef q,fwef;ESpf yif&if; jrefrmpum;ajy vufa½G;pifwiG f
ab;&efqD;um awmifial cwf rGe0f efBu;D Anm;'v\ ]pD;csi;f wdu k yf }GJ pum;ajyudk
oifh&mtyfydkY oif&\/ uREkfyfwdkY\ usL½SifrS jrefrmpmq&monf oifcef;pmudk
q&mwdkY usifhzdkY0wfig;jzm}} r½Sif;vif;rD jrefrmjynfajryHu k kd tMurf; aumufjcpf vdu k yf gonf/
[k jyqdyk gonf/ xdw k m0efwu
Ykd kd usiahf qmif tyfaom urÇmwY pfvmT ; xdaYk emuf ajryHx k w J iG f ykord ?f ajrmif;jr? yJc;l ? rkwrå ponfh a'owdu Yk kd
q&mrsm;twGuf aeYxl;aeYjrwf owfrSwfusif;y ay;jcif;rSm ae&mcsonf/
0rf;ajrmufz, G yf if/
uREyfk w f rYkd mS vnf; pdw0f ifwpm; Munfah eMu&ygonf/
xdk ig;jzmteuf tOD;qH;k jzpfaom twwfvnf;oif q&mu ]]pmar;yJrG mS awmh yHq k jGJ yzdYk rvdbk ;l / 'gayr,fh qJw G wfwo hJ l
qdkonfh 0wå&m;rSm q&mwdkY\ t&if;cHwm0ef jzpfaMumif; yHMk urf; ul;qJx G m;? pmrSwrf v d , G w f ,f} [k ajymygao; onf/
xif½Sm;ygonf/ xdkwm0efudk ausyGefapzdkY pmoifcef;odkY r0if uREkfyfvnf; ul;qJGvdkufygonf/ odkYaomf q&mhyHkMurf;avmuf
a&mufrD uwnf;u q&mwdrYk mS jyifqifcMhJu& ayvdrrhf nf/ uREyfk w f Ykd Munfrh aumif;yg/
udk;wef;wkef;u awGUBuHK &onfh jrefrmuAsm vufa½G;pif
xdaYk emuf q&mu yJc;l [k av;axmifw h ;kH trSwcf sxm;
onfh ae&mtxufem; ajryHkcg;v,fruswuswGif ajryHkudk a&S m if r ajy;vd k y gacs/ tmp&d , ocif rS e f o rQwd k Y u d k
P245
ta½SUtaemuf uefv Y efY jzwf ydik ;f vduk \f / txufyikd ;f udk jrefrm[k aEG;aEG;axG;axG; ta&;xm; qufqHvdkyg\/ rav;rpm;
pmñGef;wyfonf/ atmufydkif;udk rGef[k pmñTef;a&;rSwf&ef w,f u &jyK ypf c G m rajy;vd k y gacs/ tmp&d , q&mwd k Y \
ajymonf/ Ny;D aomf &mZ0ifusr;f ESi?hf ta&;awmfyu kH sr;f vm rGe?f b0aexd k i f a &;rS m vnf ; at;at; csrf ; csrf ; zl z l v H k v H k
jrefrm ppftiftm; NydKifcJhMuyHkrsm;? rGefbk&if qifjzLrsm;½Sif jzpf a poif h v S y g\/ þonf r S m urÇ m Y q &mrsm;aeY w G i f
Anm;OD;vufxuf eef;wGi;f a&; Zmwfvrf;rsm;? &mZm"d&mZftjzpf jrefrmhq&mrsm;twGuf wynft h aygi;f wdyYk o
Ykd tyfonfh arwåmyif/
rGebf &k if jzpfvmrnfh om;awmf tBu;D AokeAf efpuf? om;awmf
rnfonfh q&m? q&mr rqdk wynfh wdu Yk dk rqH;k r
ti,f aAmavmMurf;awm? orufawmforderf ½l? ESrawmf r[ma'0D?
zl;onf r½Sd/ jypfwifrmefrJ jyKpNrJ/ vspfvsL½IonfrsKd; ½Sm;ygbd/
v*Grf;tdrfbJGYjzifh xif½Sm;vmrnfh ol½Jaumif; rwfoHvHk poñfh
]yJjh yifq;kH r} jyKMuNr/J xdt
k qH;k trwdaYk Mumifh ausmif;ajy;onfh tusihf
Zmwfaqmif Zmwf½yk f toD;oD;wdu Yk kd jzpfysuyf kH ZmwfaMumif;wdjYk zifh
uG , f a ysmuf o l ? taygif ; toif ; rS m ;jcif ; ud k jyKjyif o l ?
jrif a ,mif M um;a,mif a tmif rd w f q uf a jymjy oG m ;&m
bm0tm;rmefjyefvnf jrifw h ufo?l ,Ofaus; vdrm® vmol? rdbudk
em;axmifaumif;um t&om½Sv d yS gonf/
jyefvnf odwwfol tem*w \ f om;aumif;&wem jzpfum q&m
þodkYaom q&mwdkY\ oifMum;jyorI*kPfaus;Zl;rSm
aumif;wynfh yef;aumif;yGiv hf ef;yefqifol rsm;vS\/ a&wGuf
uREykf wf Ykd wynfrh sm;tay: Bu;D rm;rsm;jym;vGe;f vSygonf/ q&mrsm;aeY
rukeEf ikd af tmif ½Sad cs\/
tcrf;tem;rsm; usi;f y Mu&mwGif q&mwd\ Yk t&nftcsi;f rsm;
wd;k wuf jrifrh m;a&;? ynma&;jzifh wdik ;f jynf wd;k wufzUGH NzKd ;apa&; xd k Y j yif tmp&d , q&mwd k Y w G i f awG j rif E d k i f onf h
ponfwu Ykd kd aqG;aEG;Mu avh½adS Mumif; odrw S zf ;l ygonf/ ta&;ygonfh usi0hf wfwpfcu k kd ajymygqv kd Qif ]odyrÜ cse}f qdo
k nfh
*kPf&nfudk nTef;oifhygonf/ q&mwdkYu olwdkYwwfpGrf;oQudk
odkYaomf uREfkyfwdkY\ i,fq&mrsm;\ b0tajcrSm
xdecf sezf ;kH uG,jf cif; rjyKbJ vufqifu h rf;um ]]q&mhxuf wynfh
olvu kd ,
kd v
f rkd Qom/ taqmif ta,mif rawmufajymifMuyg/ wynfh
vufapmif;xuf}}qdo k vdk apwem &ifo h efMuyg\/ xdaYk Mumifh vnf;
pmoifom; uREkfyfwdkY taejzifh tmp&d,*kPf BuD;jrwfyHkudk
acwf\vm;&mrSm wd;k wufrq I o D Ykd a½S;½Iay\/
odjrifMuNyD; jzpfygonf/ odkYaomf uREkfyfwdkY\ q&m? q&mr
q&mwdo Yk nf i,f½, G Ef ek ,f wynfw h Ykd twGuf ]ab;&ef
trsm;pk&onfh vpm0ifaiGrmS xd*k P k o
f a&wdEYk iS hf rxdu
k af tmifyif
qD;um} qdo k vdk umuG,f apmihfa½Smufay;wwfMuygao;onf/
enf;yg;vGe;f \/ xdv k pm 0ifaiGjzifh rdom;pk pm;0wfaerIukd zlvakH tmif
uREykf w f t Ykd wGuf 'kw, d rdbrsm;yif jzpfawmh\/ þwGif ]oif&h m
wm0ef,l axmufyHhzdkY rjzpfEdkifMuyg/ xdkYtwGuf uREkfyfvnf;
tyfy}Ykd [lonfh tusK;d awmfaqmif tvkyu f vkd nf; q&mwdYk aqmif½u G f
pdwrf aumif; jzpfryd g\/
wwfMu ygao;onf/ yJcG &aomaMumifh jzpfrnf[k rxifrw S o
f ifyh g/
xdt
k ajctaersK;d aMumifh uREyfk w f \Ykd q&mrsm; ausmif;csed f wynfhpmoifom; \ vdktyfcsufudk vdkufí rnfolYxHwGif
Ny;D onfEiS hf usL&Sif oifMu &onf/ uREyfk w f v Ykd nf; tvdu k wf odjzifh qnf ; uyf o if h aMumif ; oif h a vsmf & mud k q&mwd k Y u yd k í
oGm;wufMu&\/ tcsKUdtwef;ydik w f u Ykd olwYkd qDoYkd vmrwufrcsi;f csifhcsdefEdkifMuonf/ xdkYaMumifh rdbwdkYuyg tm;udk; wkdifyifrI
zdtm;ay; ajymqdk wwfygonf/ eD;pyf&m tjyifusL&Sif wpfcck o k Ykd jyKwwfMu&ygonf/ wynfw h Ykd qufvuf wuf vSr;f tyfonfh
oGm;wufrdyguvnf; tajymtqdk cH&wwfygonf/ xdkodkY avSum;xpfrsm;? ul;jzwf&rnfh wHwm;rsm;udk vrf;ñGefay;
zdatm;ay;onfh q&m? q&mrrsK;d udk uREyfk w f \Ykd rdbrsm;yifvQif jcif;rSmvnf; *kPaf us;Zl; Bu;D rm;vSygonf/
oifah tmifaeMu&\/ xdt k cg uREyfk w f Ykd pdwx f w J iG f rESpNf rKUd ovdk
jrefrmh,Ofaus;rIESifh jrefrmheDwdvm q&mh wm0ef
wpfrsK;d Bu;D cHpm;&ygonf/
usi0hf wfwo Ykd nf urÇmq
Y &mrsm;ESihf rqdik [
f k rqdo
k ifah y/ uReyf w
f Ykd
,ckESpf\ q&mrsm;aeYusif;yonfhtcg txufyg q&mwpfOD; vrf;ñTefojzifh bmomjyef Zmwfvrf;wpfyk'fudk
tajctaersK;d udyk g xnfo
h iG ;f aqG;aEG; oifah yonf/ tb,fah Mumifh zwfz;l \/ xdZk mwfvrf;rSm vljzLvlrnf; tpGBJ u;D cJjG cm;wwfoñfh
qdkaomf tmp&d, q&mocifwdkYudk uREkfyftaejzifh jzLjzLpifpif taemufwikd ;f a'oudk aemufcjH yK xm;onf/ vlrnf;ppfjyefBu;D
av;av;pm;pm; tm;ud;k tm;xm; jyKvykd g\/ aMumufvefY pdwjf zifh NrKUd jyodjYk yefvmNy;D aemuf b0&yfwnfrt I wGuf tvky&f mS &m rdrud Rr;f
Q
usif o nf h tif * sif e D , mpuf r I t wwf E S i f h avsmf n D o nf h
rdwfaqGaygrsm;jcif;\ tusKd;
tvk y f a e&mwd k Y wG i f tvk y f 0 if c G i f h r&bJ jzpf a eonf /
vlrnf;jzpfaeaomaMumifyh if/ odEYk iS hf &&mtvkyu f kd a½G;cs,&f Ny;D rdwaf qGwpfO;D \ tusK;d jyKro I nf avmuDvrl o I m ru?
awmaus;vuf e ,f acsmif u sus wpf c k w G i f ausmif ; q&m avmukwf oHo&mqif;&JrS xGuaf jrmufaMumif;udyk if aqmifojzifh
tvkyu f kd &avonf/ tv,fwef;t½G,f Nr;D aumifayguw f u
Ykd kd ESpjf zmaom tusK;d pD;yGm;udk Ny;D ajrmufatmifjrifonfw
h ikd f tusK;d xl;
oifMum;ay;&onf/ xdkwGifvnf; vlrnf;q&mudk rav;pm;? ay;Edkifonf[k a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m; rdefYqdk a[mMum;csuf
rESpNf rKUd wwfonfh wyñf?h rdb? ywf0ef;usiEf iS hf &ifqikd &f jyefonf/ xif&Sm;½Sdyg\/ xdkYaMumifh rdwfaqG aygrsm;jcif;onf tvm'if
ppf a jrjyif w G i f touf a b; &ef r sm;Mum; aowl ? ½S i f r uG m rD;cGuaf pmifh ewf\ t&Sio f cif jzpf&onft h vm; tusK;d aus;Zl;
uwkwfusif;wpfck wnf; trIxrf; pOfu ikyfuG,f aeonfh Bu;D rm;vSygonf/
jzLjcif;? rnf;jcif; jyóemrSm ,aeY vl&Y yfvaYl jra&mufrS b0\
tBuD;rm;qHk; wHwdkif;jzpfcJhavNyD/ rdwfaqGwdkY\ aus;Zl;jyKrIoabmudk qef;ppfvkdvQif
uREykf w f Ykd twef;i,fpOf ½Gwq f &kd onfh avmueDwyd g rdwaf qG0wfEiS hf
od k Y a omf oif M um;a&; aumif ; rG e f o nf omru ,SOEf ikd yf gonf/ -
tcsed Mf umonfEiS t hf rQ rdrw
d t
Ykd ay: arwåmrysuf ]yJjh yifonfq
h &m}? ]]ay;urf;csD;jrSifh
tepfemcH ]ab;&efq;D umonfq h &m}? b0vrf;twGuf ]oif&h modYk udk,fESifh ,SOfxm;
jyñTeftyfonfhq&m} xm0&bk&m; ociftvm; aus;Zl;BuD; pD;yGm;aqmif&Guf
onfq h &m jzpfreS ;f BuKH awGUcpH m;odjrifvmNy;D aemufwiG f a'ocH vljzL EIwf>rufcsKdom
rdom;pkwt Ykd wGuf xdv k rl nf;q&mrSm ( To Sir with Love ) [k opömrSefap
ZmwfaMumif; acgif;pOfay; &nfñTef;um tcspfrsm;pGm ydkYotyf 0wfig;awG? usifhavrdwfo[m/}}
onfh q&mjrwfwpfyg; jzpfcahJ yawmhonf/ [k vuFmzJGUxm;yg\/ EIwfiHkaqmif vG,fulap&ef o*FZm
xdkYaMumifh jrefrmjzpfap? urÇmjzpfap q&mtmp q&mawmfu pyfqakd wmfrcl jhJ cif; jzpfygonf/
&d,rnfonf aus;Zl;BuD;rm;onfht&mwGif teEÅyif jzpfonf/ oabmrSm rdwfaqGwdkYonf tcsif;csif; ay;urf;
twdik ;f tq rowfrw S Ef ikd af vmuf atmif aus;Zl;Bu;D rm;olrsm; cs;D jriS w
hf wfMuonf/ Ny;D jynfph o
kH nf[k r½Sw
d wfonfh vlb Y 0wGif
jzpfonf/ cifyeG ;f Bu;D q,fyg;wGiv f nf; tusK;H 0ifonf/ xdaYk Mumifh vdktyfcsufav;rsm; ½SdpNrJ/ xdk[muGufwdkYudk rdwfaqGwdkYu
tmp&d,q&m ocifwdkYudk rjypfrSm;tyf/ arwåmyGm;tyf\/ jznfq h nf; ay;wwfMuonf/ ,dak yguf qdv k Qif ydwq
f Ykd ay;wwf
q&mwdw Yk u
kd af uR;onfh arwåmEd&Yk nfjzifh todynmÚmPf yGiv hf ef; Muonf/ wwfprG ;f orQjzifh rQa0yGm;rsm; wwfMu\/ rdwaf qG
&onfh uREyfk w f wYkd yñfh taygi;f wdrYk mS ynmudok m usm;ukyu f sm;cJh aygrsm;onfEiS t hf rQ tjyeftvSef rQa0p&m todu k tf 0ef; Bu;D rm;um
tm;oefvsuf &nfreS &f modYk csw D uf&if; q&mwd\ Yk *kPaf us;Zl;udk csr;f omokc rsm;Edik af vawmhonf/
yGm;rsm;odrw S f arwåm"mwfjzifh OD;xdyyf efqif ae&rnf jzpfygawmh
ownf;/ / ,if;odYk ay;urf;cs;D `riS &hf mü rdwaf qGppf wd\ Yk xl;jrwf
onfh *kPf&nfrSm wef;wl&nfwl oabmxm;wwfjcif;yif/
ay;urf;&onf cs;D a`rmS uf&onf[k r@yfwikd f rwuf/ tay:p;D rS
rae/ &mxl;*kPjf 'yf rcJjG cm;/ tcsi;f csi;f av;pm;rIxm;NryJ if/
rd w f a qG a ygrsm;jcif ; \ tusKd ; rdrud tajctae edru hf sygapOD;/ rdwaf qGwo Ykd nf wpfom;wnf;
- rdwaf qGaygrsm;jcif;onf tusK;d aus;Zl; Bu;D rm;vSykH pdwx f m;jzifh qufqaH y;NrJ jzpf\/ xdo k aYkd om rdwaf qGaumif;rsm;
- rdwaf qGaumif;wd\Yk aus;Zl;jyKyrkH sm; wd;k yGm;avav avmuBu;D rSm aecsiphf zG,f ½Sad vav jzpfayrnf/
- oli,fcsi;f aumif;onf rdwaf qGaumif;[k qdx k u kd yf kH
- rdwaf qGww k u Ykd kd cJjG cm;odjrif a&SmifMuOf wwfzYkd vdtk yfykH xdrk Qruao;/ rdwaf qGa&mif;&if; wdo Yk nf rdrt
d usKd ;
- rdru
d ,kd af wGU tawGtBuKH EiS o hf abmxm;tjrif/ / pD ; yG m ;wd k ; wuf r nf h t a&;ud k a½S ; ½I w wf Muao;onf /
vkyif ef;tquf toG,rf sm; &SmazG ay;wwfMuonf/ t&if;tES;D
pdu
k x
f w k af y;jcif;udv
k nf; jyKwwfMuao;onf/ tpD;tyGm;[l ynma&;wGif ulno D ?l tBuÚH mPfaumif; owif;aumif; yg;Edik o
P247 f ?l
onfrmS pm;0wfaerI tajccH tkwjf rpfyif/ xdt
k w
k jf rpfukd axmuful taysmf rMuL;apa&; raumif;rI wdw Yk iG f wm;jrpfpum; ajymwwf
ay;pGr;f wwfonfh rdwaf qGaumif;wdYk aygrsm;jcif;rSm xDaygurf J olom ]][kwaf omtBu?H rSeaf om t,l? jzLaomESv;kH }} ½So d t l jzpf
vufrSwfrsm;csnf; udkifaqmif &½Sdxm; oltvm; tusKd;ay; oli,fcsif;rdwfaqGppfrSefaMumif; odjrifum cifrifESpfvdkpGm
wlayvdrrhf nf/ tpOfaygi;f az: vufwGJ tyfay\/ þodYk a½G;cs,f aygi;f oifjcif;jzifh
½SdNyD;tusdK;pD;yGm; ydkrdkwdk;wufEkdifygonf/ r&½Sdao;onfh
rd w f a qG w d k Y q uf q H a &;rS m ]wpf a ,muf pum;?
tusK;d pD;yGm;wdv Yk nf; vG,u f pl mG ay:xeG ;f edik af yrnf/
wpfa,mufem;rSm? rcg;&atmif? owdaqmifí? armifwdkYqdkav?
ysm;oumodkY csKdvSap} [lonfEiS t hf nD tcsi;f csi;f EIw>f rufcsKo d m ynma&;taES m if h t ,S u f jzpf a prnf h ud p ö w d k Y u d k
qd k M uonf o m/ EI w f c sKd j cif ; onf cspf c if & if ; ES D ; rI u d k yd k í wm;jrpf&aumif;rSe;f rodoift h jyif wdu k w f eG ;f pnf;½H;k qJaG qmif
wdk;yGm;aponf/ rdrdwdkYwGif tjypftemtqm ½SdvmvQifaomfrS wwfol rsKd;vnf; oli,fcsifrsm;xJwGif yg0ifaeEdkifygao;onf/
rdwaf qGwo Ykd nf em;0ifomatmif ajymqdk owday; wwfMu\/ xdo k BYkduKH awGUvmonft h cg xdo k il ,fcsi;f rsK;d udk rdwaf qGppf[k rqdEk ikd /f
xdt k cg tjypfwu Ykd kd qifjcif jyKjyifEikd af yrnf/ tcsi;f csi;f rausrvnf
xdkYaMumifh tqHk;tr pmaywdkYwGif ]]vlrdkufqdkvQif?
jzpfcv hJ Qiaf omfrS rdwaf qGwo Ykd nf aqG;aqG; aEG;aEG; ajyajyomom
a½SmifaoGvv TJ ?Ykd rrS0D EJ iS hf uif;atmifae}}[k owday; wm;jrpf\/
qdrk nfom/ xdaYk Mumifh rdwaf qG aygrsm;jcif;\ aus;Zl;wpf&yfrmS
]]ynm½Su d kd t½Snw f v GJ Ykd rS0D J qnf;uyf enf;,lap}}[k wdu k w f eG ;f
em;csr;f omrI &jcif;[k qdo k ifyh gao;onf/
vrf;ñTefonf/ ]]oHk;yg;&wem? rdbrsm;ESifh q&morm;udk
rdwfaqGaumif;wdkYonf rdrdwGif odk0Suftyfonfh ylaZmfav}}[k Ed;I aqmf ñTejf yonf/
twGif;a&; wpfpHkwpf&mudk olYta&;ESifh ,SOfum xdef;odrf;
þr*Fvm w&m;awmfvm tqH;k tr rsm;udk em,lusihf
ay;wwfMuonf/ xdrk Qru ud, k w hf iG f xdcu kd ef pfemrI rBuKH &ap
aqmifjcif;jzifh oli,fcsif; rdwfaqGppfrsm; wdk;yGm; Edkifayrnf/
atmif apmifah ½Smufay;wwfMuonf/ cif&maqGrsK;d qdo k nfrmS
rdwfaqGwk wdkYudkvnf; a½SmifMuOf&m a&mufay vdrfhrnf/
rdwaf qGaumif;wdu Yk kd qdjk cif;jzpf\/ aqGrsK;d &if;csmvdk twGi;f usus
acwåaysm&f iG rf rI sm;udk ynma&;xuf ydu k J OD;pm;ay;wwfoo l nf
qufqH tusKkd ;jyKol aygrsm;avav b0rSm vHNk cKH pw d cf s&avav[k
oli,fcsif;jzpfoludkyg tazmfñSdrnfrSm rvJGacs/ xdkYaMumifh
qdEk ikd jf yefonf/
xdkoli,fcsif;rsKd;ESifh wwGJwGJraeoifh/ aerdvQif? wJGrdygu
xd k Y a Mumif h y if jzpf r nf / qd k ½ d k ; pum; wpf c k u d k rdro d nfvnf; taysmzf ufum tysu½f mG odYk OD;wnfawmhrnfukd
rSwo f m;&ygao;onf/ - *½kxm;oifh vSyg\/ xdkYaMumifh rdwfaqGwkudk cJGjcm;odjrif
]] rdrdwGif rdwfaqGOD;a& &mcsD ½Sdygap a½SmifMuOfwwfzYkd vdt k yfvyS gonf/
enf;vS\/ &efolum; wpfOD;wnf; jzpfygap
uREkfyfudk,fawGUudkvnf; ajymjycsif ygao;onf/
rsm;vGef;vS\/}}
uREkfyfwdkY,aeYacwfwGif *drf;qdkifodkY roGm;zl;? ra&mufzl;aom
xdt k qd\ k oabmrSm &efol wpfO;D wpfa,mufrQ r½Spd aumif;?
ausmif;om; &SmrS&mS ;\/ uREyfk \f ararrSmpnf;urf;Bu;D oljzpfonf/
rdwo f [mudo k m wd;k yGm;atmif BuaH qmifyg[k wdu k w f eG ;f xm;[ef
xdo k Ykd oGm;vm tcsed jf zKe;f onfukd rBuKd uaf y/ aetdrrf mS upm;Edik &f ef
½Sdygonf/ jrefrmhqdk½dk;pum;yHk½Sd ]wpf½mG wpfusD aqmufyg}[k
pDpOfay;xm;onf/ odaYk omf tdrrf mS upm;&onfh *dr;f xuf qdik rf mS
aomqH k ; rpum;ES i f h oabmoG m ; wl y gonf / ae&ma'o
upm;&onf h * d r f ; u yd k a umif ; \/ yd k a cwf r D \ / xd k Y j yif
toD;oD;wGif rdwaf qG taygi;f toif; ½do S w l rYkd mS wpf&yfwpfaus;
oli,fcsi;f rsm;ESihf tzJUG vu kd f oGm;Mu upm;Mu&onfrmS xrif;arh
yifjzpfygap? tquf toG,f us,jf yefpY v kH ifvo S jzifh ta&;udpö
[if;arhatmif t&omcsKad vonf/
BuKH onfh tcg ulnrD nfo h l aygrsm;avonf/
uREfkyfwdkY oli,fcsif;tzJGUrSm oGm;twl? pm;twl?
uREykf w f Ykd ausmif;om;vli,f b0wGif oli,fcsi;f rsm;
upm;twl jzpf & m ud k ; wef ; ES p f ü usL½S i f wpf c k w nf ; wG i f
onf rdwaf qGrsm;yifjzpfonf/ odaYk omf i,f½, G Ef ek ,fMuojzifh
twlww l ufMuygonf/ wpf&uf wGif usL½Sirf S tjyef oli,fcsi;f
taumif;tqd;k rcJjG cm;wwfonfrsm; BuKH Mu&wwfonf/ þwGif
wpfzJGUvHk; *drf;qdkifodkY 0ifonf/ em&D0uf wpfem&DcefYqdk ½k y f t vS E S i f h pd w f t vS
jyefMurnf[k ñdSxm; Muonf/ - avmuwGif tvSw&m; trsK;d rsK;d ½S&d m
- vlww Ykd iG f ½kyt
f vSEiS hf pdwt f vS wJzG ufaeyHk
odkYaomf *drf;\ qJGaqmiftm;um; BuD;rm;vSyg\/
- ½kyt f vSukd ta&;xm;MuyHk
rdepfajcmufq,fcefY tcsed rf mS ukeo f mG ;rSe;f yifrod/ tdrjf yefzpYkd um;
- ½kyt
f vSonf pdwt f vSEiS hf ,SOrf o S m jynfph EkH ikd yf kH
rnforl Q rqd/k usL½Siwf iG rf l tara&mufaeNy/D uREyfk rf mS pufaoewf
- tvSrjhJ cif;\ tjypfom"ursm;
ypfaumif;ae\/ &efolu aemuf a,mifcHvdkufae ojzifh
- ½kyyf ikd ;f tvSEiS hf pdwyf ikd ;f tvSty: rdrt d jrif oabmxm;/ /
a&Smifwdrf;&jyefonf/ pwdkcef;wpfcktwGif;odkY uREkfyf0ifcdkpOf
*drf;qdkifodkY tara&mufvmojzifh rtDrvnfjzifh jyefcJh&\/
tdrfjyefta&mufwGif qufupm;&onfh *drf;rSm wpfzufowf/
½k y f t vS E S i f h pd w f t vS
tjcm;r[kwf w&pyf ypfcwfco hJ nfh tarhvufxu J 0g;jcrf;jym;
ppfppfBu;D jzpf\/ ,ckyif wifyg;rSm pyfzsi;f zsi;f / avmuwG i f tvS w &m; trsKd ; rsKd ; ½S d ayonf /
,cif tcgrsm;uvnf; wpfBurd rf u? ESpBf urd rf u xdo k Ykd naeqnf;qmonfvnf; vSygonf/ aiGEiS ;f rIerf eI f eHeufcif;av;
uJczhJ ;l av&m uREyfk Ef iS hf tarhMum;wGif *dr;f tdAk m jzpfomG ;ayNy/D onfvnf; vSygonf/ avmuobm0 jrifjriforQwdkYrSm tvS
xdkYaMumifh tusKd;ray;onfh oufrJh*drf;udk usLyifckwf? usLikwf csnf;om jzpfonf/ avmuocif vlww Ykd iG u
f m; ½kyyf ikd ;f qdik &f m
rusef a p&ef q,f w ef ; ES p f twuf w G i f ouf ½ S d j zpf a om tvS? pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f mtvSwjYkd zifh ydík yif wifw h ,faeayawmhonf/
cspof il ,fcsi;f rsm;ESihf cJcG &hJ \/ usL&Siaf jymif;? ausmif;ajymif;um ½kyt f vSonfum; jrifomxifom½S\ d / jrifomxifom
oli,fcsif;opfrsm;udk taz:jyK&onf/ uREkfyfrSm awmfawmf ½Sad om xd½k yk t f vSwuYkd kd ta&;xm; MuonfrmS vnf; vlo Y bm0yif
uoduatmuf jzpfacs\/ 'dw k m*dr;f taMumif; twef;om;rsm; jzpfonf/ rdrdwdkY pmoifcef;udk oefY½Sif;oyf&yfaumif;rGefatmif
ajymMuqdkMuvQif uREfkyfrSm rajymrd? rqdkrd? rywfoufrdatmif tvSnu hf s wm0ef,al qmif½u G Mf ujcif;onf rdrw d Ykd pmoifcef;\
pdwx f ed ;f um ae&\/ tpjyKríd tarodygu tdrw f iG f rxm;bJ tvS u d k tav;xm;Mujcif ; yif jzpf \ / uREf k y f w d k Y o nf
jyifO;D vGiaf bmf'goYkd ydyYk pfrnf[k tazu trdeYf csxm;ygonf/ uREykf f rdru d , kd u f v
kd nf; vSyatmif jyifqifwwfMuygonf/ txl;ojzifh
abmf'g raevdkyg/ xdkYaMumifh rdwfaqGwk *drf;qdkifrsm;udk aetd r f j yif y od k Y xG u f c G m oG m ;vmrnf q d k v Q i f trsm; tjrif
tcdu k t f wefyY if jzpfap zJMuOf a&SmifcmG aecJ&h yg\/ tusK;d um; wifw h ,fatmif ydrk kd *½kpu kd rf rG ;f rHjc,fo\/ odrYk oS m trsm;u
pmwGif ydík tm½Hpk u kd f tcsed af y; Edik jf cif;yif/ ESpo f uf vdv k m;Muayrnf/
rdwfaqGaygrsm;jcif;onf tusKd;aus;Zl; rsm;vSyg\/ xd k r Qruao;/ ,aeY t cgwG i f ]]pwd k i f ½S d r S
ausmif ; om;vl i ,f b 0wG i f r l ol i ,f c sif ; aygrsm;jcif ; onf pwm;jzpfrnf}}[k qdu k m zuf½iS f 'DZikd ;f rsK;d pHk wDxiG f qif,ifí
pmvkyzf xYkd uf aqmhupm;zdq Yk o
D o
Ykd m OD;wnfwwfygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh ½kyfydkif;tvSwdkYudk txGwftxdyf a&mufatmif azmfusL;ae
ausmif;om;b0wGif taygi;f toif; vGepf mG rrsm;oif[ h k awG;rd\/ Mujyefonf/ zuf½Sif avmurS tcsKdU0wfpHkrsm;qdkvQif omref
vkyif ef;cGibf 0wGirf l rdwaf qGo[m aygrsm;atmif tm;xkw&f ayrnf/ vlwef;pm;wdYk pdwu f ;l xJyif r,OfrawG;0YH avmufatmif wefz;kd Bu;D
rdwaf qGrsm;jym;onfEiS t hf rQ e,fy,fpkH rdwaf umif;wdEYk iS hf tjyeftvSef vSayao;\/ rnfrQyif p&dwf tuket f us cHum wDxiG x f w
k v
f yk f
quf q H v suf vd k & m tpD ; tyG m ;ud k wd k ; yG m ; xm;ygap ESpfvdkpGm 0,f,loHk;pJGqif,ifrnfholwdkY uvnf;
Ny;D ajrmufatmifjrifaprnf[k cH,x l m;ygownf;/ / tqifoifyh if/ ½kyyf ikd ;f tvSukd rnfrQ tav;ay;Mu oenf; qdv k Qif
armf',fo½kyaf qmif tvkyu f kd b0&nfreS ;f csut f jzpf a½G;cs,f olrsm;
aygrsm;vSjcif;udk qnf;qodjrifEdkifyg\/ þonf wdkYum;
½kyfydkif;tvSwdkYudk rnfrQ wefzdk;xm; avh½SdaMumif; om"uyif
jzpfawmhonf/
odaYk omfvnf; vlom;wdw
Yk iG f ½kyt
f vS wifw
h ,fae½Hrk Qjzifh
rNy;D ao;acs? pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f m tvSEiS hf jynfph zHk Ykd vdt
k yfvyS gao;\/ uREykf w
f Ykd jrefrmhordik ;f wGif pdwx f m;tvS ysu, f iG ;f ol
P249
rnfrQyif jyifqifrrG ;f rHxm;ygap pdw, f wk ?f pdwyf yk f arG;jrLaeol *VKefOD;apm\ vkyfBuHrIjzifh vGyfvyfa&; zcifBuD; touf
jzpfygu rsufESmxm;tvS ysufoGm; ayvdrfhrnf/ ½dk;½dk;av;om qH;k ½H;I &jcif;onf jrefrmwpfjynfv;kH xdcu kd af MuuJ&G onfY ordik ;f 0if
0wfqifxm;ygap ½ky&f nfrsuEf mS MunfpifaevQif pdwt dS l tusn;f wef jzpf&yfyif jzpfay\/
f vS½o
jzpfaMumif; odjrifEikd Mf uygonf/
tvS w &m; rJ h o nf h t cg xd k a vmuü aecsif p &m
xdjYk yif pdwx f m;tvSu ½kyyf ikd ;f qdik &f m tvSxuf ydík r½Sdawmhyg/ ajcjywf? vufjywfrsm;? aoG;acsmifpD;jrifuGif;rsm;?
ta&;yg t"duusayonf[k ynm½Sirf sm; oabmnDMuNrJ jzpfyg\/ rD;avmifjyifrsm;? rD;cd;k aiGEY iS hf ,rf;eHrY sm; zH;k vTr;f aeonfh ppfwvif;odYk
]]tqif; vSzx k a&;Bu;D onf}}[k qdMk u\/ rnfolrQ tyef;ajz oGm;rnfr[kwfay/ aumif;uifus,f?
Ykd uf? tcsi;f vSzYkd ydt
]]vSwmrufvQi?f npmcufrnf}} [lívnf; ½kyt f vSukd rwG,f yifv,fjym? wdrfvTm,Sufoef;? awmwef;vGifjyif? obm0
rufoifhaMumif; qdk½dk; &SdMuygonf/ 0ef;usifüom aysmfarGU MunfEl; vdkMurnf jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh ½kyftvS wpfrsKd;wnf;jzifh rjynfpHkEdkif? xdkYaMumifh obm0tvSyif jzpfap? uREyfk w f \Ykd ½kyyf ikd ;f
pdwt
f vSEiS hf wJzG ufyf grS Ny;D jynfh pHEk ikd rf nf[k em;vnf odjrifMu tvSyif jzpfap tusn;f wef ysu, f iG ;f rI wpfpw
kH pf&m jzpfcyhJ gvQif
&ayrnf/ rSefygonf/ pdwfxm;vSoludk pdwfaumif;½Sdonf/ *kP&f nf ,kwaf vsmh rnfom jzpfayonf/ tvSwefz;kd usqif;
oabm aumif;onf ponfjzifh rSwcf suaf y;um cifrif ESpNf cKd uMf u rnfom jzpfygonf/ þwGif ½kyt f vSEiS hf pdwt f vS rnfonfu
ygonf / þwG i f pd w f t vS qd k o nf r S m tb,f e nf ; [k ydík y"meusoenf;[k awG;Munfh rdygonf/
awG;awmMunfhoifh vSay\/ xdktcg pdwfaumif; ½Sdjcif;?
vlaY vmu ½kyt f vSwrYkd mS tcgrvyf azmufjyef ajymif;vJ
oabmxm;Bu;D jcif;? cGiv hf w
T w f wfjcif;? onf;cHwwfjcif;? ay;urf;
ysupf ;D wwfygonf/ obm0&moDOwkaMumifh jzpfap xdcu kd f ysupf ;D
wwfjcif;? aygi;f oif;qufqaH &; vG,u f l aumif;rGejf cif;? a&&Snf
vG,fonf/ tkdrif;jcif; Z&maMumifhvnf; ysufpD; vG,fonf/
tm;jzifh cifrifzG,f aumif;jcif; ponfh *kPf&nfaumif;wdkYudk
pdwfxm;tvSrSmrl ydkíBuHUcdkif\/ jyify ya,m*vTrf;rdk;ygap
tajccHonfh pdwfxm;av;rsm;udk &nfñTef;jcif; jzpfaeaMumif;
tvG,w f ul rysuf pD;Edik /f pdwaf umif; pdwjf rwfyikd ½f iS ?f pdwt f vS
qef;ppf rdygonf/
ydik ½f iS w
f rYkd mS ½kyyf ikd ;f b0 ysupf ;D oGm;ygapOD; pdwt f vS aysmufu, G f
½kytf vSyif jzpfap? pdwt f vSyif jzpfap wpfcck k csKUdwyhJ gu oGm;jcif; r½Sdwwf/ qif;&Jjcif; w&m;wdkYudk rQa0&ifqdkif
tusn;f wefwwfygonf/ rESpNf rKUd p&m jzpfapygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh cH,al jz½Si;f &if; Munfvifaom toGijf zifh Nird ;f csr;f aeayvdrrhf nf/
vnf; vlom;wdkYonf rdrdwdkY &yf½Gm ywf0ef;usifudk t½kyfqdk;?
vlww Ykd iG f ½ky&f nfvnf;vS? pdwx f m; vnf;vSqv kd Qirf I
tusn;f rwef&atmif xde;f odr;f apmifh a½SmufMu&ygonf/ odaYk omf
qdkzG,fr½Sday/ oGm;av&m&m rsufESmyGifhvef;rnfom/ odkYaomf
tvSukd rjrifwwf? wefz;kd rxm;wwf? wm0efrodwwfow l rYkd mS
½kyt f vS½NdS y;D pdwt f vSrv hJ Qirf l yeforl o hJ nfh ayguyf ef;tvm; rac:csi?f
tvStyudk rxde;f odr;f Muyg/ Munfyh g/ uREyfk w f Ykd ausmif;0if;teD;
rajymcsif qufqHa&; rsKd;ESifh BuHK&ayrnf/ ½kyftvSrJhapOD;
0ifvrf;? xGuv f rf;ay:rmS yif ydwq f u Ykd m aps;cH?k aps;Aef; cif;olwu Ykd kd
pdwt f vS½o dS jl zpfreS ;f od&onft h cg trsm;ESpv f kd MunfjzLMurnfom/
awYEG ikd \f / xku d , kd u f sK;d Munfh aps;onfwo Ykd nf ausmif;awmf Bu;D \
Oy"dukd zsuq f ;D rdaeaMumif; olwu Ykd , kd of w l Ykd awG;rd[ef rwlacs/ xdkYjyif pdwftvS ½So d l onfom avmuudk tvSqif
wwfol jzpfayonf/ yk*aH usmufpmoif&pOf rdz&k m;zGm;apmudk
uREyfk w f Ykd O,smOfNrKUd awmf vrf;ab;0J,m a&ajrmif;rsm;
txl; rajymvdak omfvnf; odCo F o Yl rD; rdz&k m;udk uREykf w
f t Ykd m;vH;k
ydwq f uYkd m vlomG ;vrf;rsm;ay: a&vQaH ejcif;onfvnf; tvSw&m;
ESpfoufav;pm; Munfñdk Muygonf/ xdkrdzk&m; acsmarmvSy
rJjh cif;\ tjypfwpf&yfyif/ NrKUd jywdu k cf ef;wd\ Yk 0&Hwm? avSum;
jcif;aMumifh r[kwf/ olY½kyfcE¨mvnf; r½Sdawmhacs/ odkYaomf olY
ponf rckikd rf chH jzpfaejcif;onfvnf; tvSrjhJ cif;yif/ owif;xJwiG f
pdwfxm;tvSu jrefrmpmaywGif usefaeqJ jzpf\/ xdkYtwl
ta&;ay:avSum;ESihf twl rde;f rysKw d pfO;D ajcmufvmT tjrifrh S jyKwu f s
a':O;D ZGe;f \ y&[dw pdwt f vSuv kd nf; *kP, f \ l / [,fe&D';l eefY
aoqH;k aeonfuv kd nf; zwf&onf/ þodaYk om tjzpf qd;k usK;d
pdik ;f atmifviId jf rifu h v kd nf; tm;us\/ rmom x&DZmudv k nf; csp\f /
wdu Yk kd rMum;vdk rjrifvMkd uyg/ tusn;f wefvyS g\/
Q
OD;ausmo f wl vYkd kd ema&;ulnrD I xrf;½GuMf uolrsm;udv k nf; OD;ñGwf
ausmif;ywf0ef;usifjrifuGif;rsm;
rdMu&avonf/ pdwt f vS½o dS wl rYkd mS oleY ,fy,ftavsmuf olt Y pGr;f
olYtvif;jzifh abmfaiGvrif;? 0if;yMu,fpif ozG,f avmuudk uREyfk w
f aYkd usmif;onf NrKUd av;\ tcsutf csmus&mwGif
tvSqifaeMupNr/J wnfygonf/ ausmif;a½SU½Sd uwå&m vrf;rBuD;rSm oGm;vmrI
½kyt f vSEiS hf pdwt f vS ,SOw f GJ jrifawGU&onfrmS vlwüYkd om txl;rsm;jym;vSygonf/ 0J? ,m ESpzf ufwiG f &yfuu G tf wGi;f ydik ;f odYk
jzpfonf/ vlom;wdkY\ pdwftvS wefzdk;wdkY avsmhuscJhygvQif 0ifa&muf oGm;vmEdkifonfh ausmufcif;vrf;udk jrifEdkifonf/
rkef;wD;jcif;? uvJhpm;acsjcif;? aumufuspfjcif;? &ufpufjcif;? ausmif;aemufwnfw h nfh tkwpf nf;½d;k wpfavQmuf wGif aemufxyf
Murf;MuKwjf cif;? vSnzhf sm;jcif;? opömrJjh cif;wdYk rd;k a&cH csKEH , d af ygi;f ausmufvrf;r wpfoG,fu 0J? ,mESpfzufrS vrf;ESpfckudk
G yf w
tvm; acgi;f axmifymG ;rsm; vmrnfjzpfonf/ xdt k cg xdak vmb? uefv Y wfjzwf qufo, G f ay;xm;&m tqdyk g vrf;av;ckonf
arm[ pdwq f E´wu Ykd kd taumif txnfazmf tm;xkwf Mujcif;jzifh uREykf w f aYkd usmif; tkwpf nf;½d;k udk tem;owf aygicf wf ay;xm;
ted|m½Hrk sm; ay:ayguzf o Ykd m ½Sad yonf/ onft
h vm; ½Syd gonf/
vlUavmu wpfckvHk; xdkodkY tvSrJhygvQif urÇmBuD; xdkvrf;av;ckwdkY\ eHab;wpfavQmufwGif qdkifBuD;?

ysupf ;D zdo
Yk m ½Sad wmhonf/ xdaYk Mumifh pdwt
f vSonf ½kyt f vSxuf qdkifi,f? qdkifao;? ysHusqdkif? acgif;&Guf Asyfxdk;? aps;qdkifrsdK;pHk
ydík tajccHusonf[k qdck siyf gonf/ pdwt f vS rysupf ;D ao;orQ zGiv
hf pS af &mif;csMuonf/ um;Bu;D ? um;i,f? um;ao;? qdu k u
f m;?
½k y f t vS u d k wd k ; wuf a tmif BuH a qmif E d k i f u m urÇ m h w cG i f pufb;D ? ukew f ifqu kd u
f m;? wGe;f vSn;f ? vrf;oGm;? vrf;vmwdYk
tvSqifNird ;f csr;f aprnf jzpf&m avmuwGif pdwt f vSomvQif tqufrjywfomG ;vmaeonf/ uGuv f yfjzpfaeonfh vrf;e,f
y"mejzpf ayawmhownf;/ / rsm;wGif taqmufttHt k csKu
Yd kd jrifEikd o
f nf/vrf;e,fq;kH onfEiS hf
vlaetdr&f m wdu k wf mrsm;udk tpDtpDjrifEikd \ f / NrKd Uav;rSmvnf;
vlaexlxyf pnfum;vSojzifh jrifuGifrsKd;pHkudk pdwf0ifpm;zG,f
jrifawGUEikd yf gawmhonf/
aeYpOf eHeuf ausmif;wufcsdef ausmif;a½Sh rsufESmpm

jrifuGif;udk Munfyh g/ tem*wfom;aumif;av;rsm; csw D ufvm
aeMuonfh trlt&m udk jrifEdkifygonf/ tuÐsjzL? vHkcsnfpdrf;
ausmif ; ywf 0 ef ; usif j rif u G i f ; rsm; uav;rsm;rSm uwå&mvrf;r tv,faMum wpfavQmuf >ywf>ywf
- rdrad usmif;\ wnfae&m? odyof yd jf zifh wd;k wd;k a0SaY 0SU oGm;aeMu\/ tb,faMumifh vrf;eHab;
- ausmif;ywf0ef;usiw f iG f jrifuiG ;f rsK;d pHk jrifawGUEikd yf ?kH 0J,m ab;uif;&mwdrYk S oGm;vmcGihf r&Muoenf;/ nDnn D mnm
- ausmif;a½Sh rsuEf mS pm jrifuiG ;f rsm;? r[kwb f J tb,faMumifh tvkt,uf jzpfaeMu &oenf;/
- ausmif;\ 0J? ,m jrifuGif;rsm;? tajzrSm vrf;rBu;D ay:rmS yif ½Syd gonf/ vrf;eHab;
- ausmif;aemufbuf jrifuiG ;f rsm;? usL;ausmf aps;wef;BuD;aMumifhyif/ uuå&mvrf;r ay:odkYwdkif
- xdjk rifuiG ;f rsm;ESihf rdrtd awG;? aps;Aef;tcif;rsm;udk olYxufigae&m vkum a½SUwdk;cif;usif;
- ausmif;ywf0ef;usif jrifuiG rf sm;tay: rdrt d jrif/ Muonf / aps;0,f o l w d k Y r S m vnf ; aps;qJ G j cif ; wpf z uf ?
ydu
k q f t H w
d w
f jyifjyif/ aps;Aef;cif;xm;&mrsm;odYk om;aysmuf&mS
rd c if o zG , f arQ m f a i:&S m azG v suf / qd k u f u m;q&mwd k Y r S m vnf ;
aps;Aef;rsm;ay: reif;rd atmif a½SmifumuGif;um &wwforQ
qdu k u f m; wpfp;D pmae&mrQjzifh aES;aES;jznf;jznf; a½GUvsm;ap&if;
pdwftcsOfaygufrIjzifh ]uvifuvif}oH tqufrjywf qlnHap

vsuf/ pnfyifom,m ponfh tkyfcsKyfa&; vlBuD;rif;rsm;vnf; xdjk yif ausmif;aemuf ausmufvrf;om; rSm ajymif&iS ;f
P251
xdu k sL;ausmaf ps;onfwu Ykd kd xdxd a&mufa&muf ta&;,lEikd jf cif; aeavh ½ S d o nf / tv,f x G u f a yguf wnf h w nf h r S aeí
,aeYwikd f r½Sad o;acs/ eHeufyikd ;f ausmif;tqif;? aeYv,fyikd ;f &yfuGuftwGif;odkY vrf;oG,f wpfck ½Sdayao;&m xdkvrf;qHk
ausmif;twuf txGuEf iS hf t0if pkqckH sed w
f iG f xdjk rifuiG ;f wdrYk mS ydík uGuv f yfus,u f kd uREykf w
f u
Ykd abmvHu
k pm;&m uGi;f us,t
f jzpf
qd;k ½Gm; oGm;awmh\/ þtaMumif;udk a&;&onfrmS ud, k ahf ygiu f ,
kd f toH;k jyKMuygonf/
vSeaf xmif; qdo k vdk ½Surf yd gao;awmhonf/
þonfwdkYum; uREfkyfwdkYausmif;\ ywf0ef;usif
ausmif;\ 0J,mESpzf ufwiG f tkwpf nf;½d;k ½S&d m pnf;½d;k jrifuiG ;f rsm;yif jzpfonf/ ausmif;ay:rS aeí ywfywfvnfukd
tjyifbufwpfavQmuf vrf;ESpo f ,
G rf mS ausmufcif;vrf; jzpfonf/ vSr;f arQmMf unfh vQif t"dutm;jzifh jrifawGUEikd o f nfrmS vlaetdr&f m
ausmufvrf;om;\ eHab; ausmif;bufjcrf; wpfavQmufrSm ig;xyfwu kd rf sm;yif/ xdt k aqmufttHk toD;oD; wd\ Yk eH&rH sm;rSm
vrf;e,fyifjzpfonf/ xdkae&m uGufvyfwdkYudk uREkfyfwdkY rlvaq;a&mifrsm; vGijhf y,fum rd;k av;'PfaMumifh rdpI aGJ Mu;uyf
NrKd Uawmfom;wdu
Yk tcsn;f ES;D rjzpfapcJyh g/ ausmiftw k f wHwikd ;f udk npfxyfxyf tpif;aMumif;wdjYk zifh rvSry jzpfaeayNy/D aq;opf
ausmuyf u m ,m,D q d k i f c ef ; uav;rsm;ud k aqmuf v k y f okwfcsdefwefaeNyD[k awG;rd\/ ausmif;tay:qHk;xyfrS ½Iaomf
xm;Muonf/ nbufqv kd Qif rD;pufarmif;um tc,l oG,w f ef; ausmif;a½SUtkwfpnf;½dk; tjyifbufwGif ikwfpdpd opfyifjywf
ay;xm;onfh ,m,Dr;D vdik ;f wdjYk zifh wGiu f s,af eMuonf/ av;wdu Yk kd jrifEikd o f nf/ xdk opfyifwrYkd mS ,cifwek ;f u tudik ;f
tcuf a0cJo h nf/ t&dy&f yifrsm;jzpfco hJ nf/ odaYk omf zke;f vdik ;f ?
xdq
k ikd uf av;rsm;udk avhvmvQif ydík yif pdw0f ifpm;zG,f
"mwfBudK;vdkif;rsm;ESifh rvGwf[k qdkum ckwfjzwfypfMuonf/
½Sd\/ tvSjyifqdkif? qHyifñSyf qHoqdkif? tvStyvufaqmif
vdok nfxuf ydík ckwjf zwf oGm;Mu[efwo l nf/ Munfrh aumif;
ypön;f qdik ?f pma&;ud&, d mqdik ?f t0wftxnf qdik ?f tusK;d aqmif
awmhacs/ uREfkyf b0ifrusyg/
½H;k cef; ponfjzifh pHv k ifvyS g\/ ,aeYacwff rdb k ikd ;f zke;f rsm; twGuf
aiGjznfhuwf&rnf [lonfh aMumfjim qdkif;bkwfrsm; csdwfqJG xdkYjyif ausmif;0if;*dwfwHcg; tjyifbuf xGufvdkuf
xm;yHu k v
kd nf; jrifEikd \ f / trfyo D &D;? trfyzD ;kd oDcsi;f oGi;f onf onfESifh usL;ausmfaps;onf wdkY pnf;urf;ysuf vrf;ay:wuf
[lonfh qdik ;f bkwf udv k nf; awGUEikd o f nf/ qdkifcif;xm;Muonfh jrifuGif;udkvnf; rESpfNrdKYygacs/ xdkYjyif
&wwforQ opfyif? "mwfwikd f ponfww Ykd iG f wG,u f yf csw d q f GJ
xdqk ikd uf av;rsm;rS vGw&f m ajruGuv f yfww Ykd iG f Am'Hyif
xm;onfh usL&Siaf Mumfjimqdik ;f bkwrf sm;pGmudv k nf; rsupf ½d yI zf ,G f
wpfyifp? ESpyf ifpudk cyfvrS ;f vSr;f tuGmjzifh jrifEikd \ f / atmufajc
jrifae&onf/ ausmif;zGihf &moD qdv k Qif ausmif;0if;wHcg;rSmyif
ajrjyifwiG f rd;k tcgü jruf½ikd ;f rsm; xlxv J m wwfonf/ pnfyif
usL½SifaMumfjim uyfxm;onfrsm;udk awGU&wwfonf/ xdkokdY
om,m 0efxrf;rsm; vma&mufcw k jf zwf ½Si;f vif; ay;onf udv k nf;
rjzpfoif[ h k awG;awmrd\/
jrif & wwf y g\/ aEG t cgü uRwf u Rwf t d w f E S i f h tjcm;
yvwfpwpftw d cf rHG sm; jyefu Y sv J suf awGU&wwfonf/ xdv k rf;oG,f uREfkyfwdkY\ ausmif;awmfBuD;rSm av;xyfaqmif?
ESpfck\ usefwpf zufjcrf;pDwGif vlaetdrf&m ig;xyfwkdufwdkYudk oH;k xyfaqmifwjYkd zifh wifw h ,f w,fyg\/ ausmif;0if;rSmvnf;
tpDt&DjrifEikd yf gonf/ ajrnDxyftcsKUd rmS wdu k cf ef;a½SUuu G v f yfwiG f tweftoifh us,fajymum ckdifrmaom opfvGifaom tkwf
vufzuf&nfqikd ?f ukepf q kH ikd f ponfjzifh zGiv hf pS xf m;wwfMuonf/ pnf;½dk;&Hvsuf vHkNcHKyg\/ xdkYxufydkí ausmif; ywf0ef;usif
a½SUrsuEf mS pm½Sd tusn;f wef jrifuiG ;f wdu Yk kd jyKjyif tvSqif xde;f odr;f
ausmif;aemufwiG u f m; jrifuiG ;f aumif;[k qdEk ikd o f nf/
ay;MurSom aejcnfrmS a½T&nfavmif;onfh pmoifausmif;awmfBu;D
ausmif;aemufbufukd rsuEf mS jyKum aqmufvyk x f m;onfh ausmif;
tjzpf *kPw f ifEh ikd rf nf jzpfacsawmhownf;/ /
aqmif o pf u d k trS D j yKum rk e f Y o nf ES p f o nf oH k ; onf c ef Y
vrf;eHab;uyfum aps;qdik zf iG hf vSpx f m;onfrt S y [if;csupf &m
a&mif;onfh usL;ausmfaps;onfrsm; r&Sdacs/ xdkrS vGefaomf
&yfuGuftwGif; vlaetdrf&m ig;xyfwdkufrsm;udk tpDt&D
jrifciG &hf ayonf/
Q
NyKd iyf 0GJ if toif; olrsm;wGif uREyfk \
f oli,fcsi;f rsm; yg0ifygonf/
tm;upm;yJ G j rif u G i f ; xdaYk Mumifv h nf; tm;ay;&ef a&mufvmcJ\h / odaYk omf ESpzf ufv;kH wGif
- tm;upm;yJG wpfco k Ykd a&muf½ydS ?kH rQí yg0ifaeMuojzifh wpfzufzufudkom rJNyD;tm;ay;rdvQif
- tm;upm;yJG usi;f y&m ae&m taetxm;? yJNG y;D aomf &efawGUc&H ayvdrrhf nf/
- xdt k m;upm;yJG pwifusi;f yyH?k
pDpOfow l uYkd NyKd iyf GJ pwifawmhrnf jzpfaMumif; aMunm
- ,SONf yKd io f rl sm;\ trlt&m?
aeonf/ toif;ESpo f if;rSm ]&SiNf ird ;f r,f}ESihf ]aiGwm&D}[k toD;oD;
- NyKd iyf \
GJ tajctae?
trnf,l xm;Muonf/ pwifum xkyw f ;kd &rnhf tvSnrhf mS
- y&dowfrsm; tm;ay;yHEk iS hf rdrcd pH m;rI?
&SifNidrf;r,ftoif; jzpfaMumif; aMunmonf/ odkYESifh aiGwm&D
- NyKd iyf GJ Ny;D qH;k csed jf rifuiG ;f ?
toif;\ acgio f Bl u;D u olt Y zJUG om;wdu Yk kd ae&mcs rSmMum;aeonf/
- rdrdtjrif/ /
xkyw f ;kd rnfh ½SiNf ird ;f r,f toif;\ acgio f Bl u;D uvnf; rnfou l
tm;upm;yJ G jrif u G i f ; uk y p
f nf ;rSm wd ;
k ponY f wm0ef c a
G J 0rI w u
Y k d k d xyf r H owd a y; rSm Mu m;
aeonf/ xkyw f m;rnft h zJUGü xkypf nf; tqifq h ift h vduk f ae&mcJaG 0
tm;upm;yGJ wpfckodkY a&muf½SdcJhygonf/ aetdrfrS wm0ef,rl I ta&;yg \/ xdo k nfeh nf;wl xkyw f ;kd rnfo h w l uYkd vnf;
wa0;wvHrvmcJ&h yg/ uREyfk w f Ykd &yfuu G f av;xJ½dS vrf;rBu;D tcsi;f csi;f t0iftxGuf tapmift h qdik ;f txmuszYkd ta&;Bu;D
wpfae&mwGif jzpfonf/ vrf;ray:wiG f pnf;urf;rJh aqmhupm; vSygonf/
Mujcif;rsK;d vnf; r[kwyf g/ ,mOfomG ; ,mOfvmwdt Yk wGuf vrf;vJrT sm;
owfrSwfay;NyD; eHeuftcsdefydkif;rQom vrf;om; e,fajrudk NydKifyJG pygNyD/ xkyfqD;yJG p pcsif; acgifolBuD;ESpfOD;
toH;k jyKMujcif; jzpfyg\/ toH;k jyKciG hf &jcif;rSmvnf; tjcm;r[kw/f vuf 0 g;csif ; ½d k u f u m ½S i f N id r f ; r,f acgif o l B uD ; u OD ; aqmif
uREykf w f Ykd wpfrsK;d om;vH;k \ aeYx;l aeYjrwf Zefe0g&v D av;&uf wdk;0ifoGm;\/ tm;ay;oHrsm; qlnHoGm;onf/ ukwfpnf; ESifh
vGwv f yfa&;atmifyGJ txdr;f trSwf aysmyf &GJ iT yf ?GJ ajy;yJ?G NyKd iyf ?GJ tv,fpnf; tqifq h ifw h u
Ykd b,f? nm cJaG 0 ae&m,lum wm;&if;
tm;upm;yJrG sm; usi;f ycsed f jzpfaomaMumifyh if/ ½SiNf ird ;f r,f acgio f Bl u;D udk bdwpf nf; wdik af tmif vTwaf y;vdu k Mf u\/
½SiNf ird ;f r,f aemufvrl sm; qufwu kd f ajy;wd;k 0if\/ aiGwm&DwYkd
&yfuGufwGif;vrf;xdyf toDoD;wGif acgif;tHk;½dkuf? u tqifq h ifch aGJ 0Ny;D wm;\/ vQyw f pfjyufcsi;f rSmyif wpfO;D csi;f pD
acsmwdik w f uf? tmvl;aumuf? wmwdak jy;? rkepYf m;? tyfezm;xd;k ? &ifqdkifvsuf wdk;Mu wm;Mutm;NydKifaeawmh&m Munfhaumif;
qefaum½Guf ponfjzifh tkwftkwfusufusuf usif;yae\/ vSygawmhb/d
,ck y J G u m; jref r mh ½ d k ; &m xk y f q D ; wd k ; upm;yJ G jzpf o nf /
xkyq f ;D uGi;f udk uwå&mvrf;rBu;D ay: 0J? ,m ae&mjynfh eD;yg; y&dowfrSm uav;? vlBuD;? usm;? r pHkvifonf/
,lxm;onf/ tm;ay;rnfh y&dowfrsm;rSm vrf;e,f ESpzf ufwiG f pdwf0ifwpm; ½SdaeMu\/ tm;ay;onfh toHrsm; tcdkuftwefY
vnf;aumif; tay:xyftvTm wdu k cf ef; jywif;rsm;üvnf; aumif; qdwf\/ ½SifNidrf;r,fwdkYu b,fajcmufum nmvSrf; qdkovdk
pnfpnf um;um;yif;/ xkyfqD;uGif;\ xdyfpnf;? ukyfpnf;? tuJprf;um wd;k Mu\/ aiGwm&D wdu Yk b,f,ikd u f nm,dr;f
bd w f p nf ; ponf h pnf ; vd k i f ; rsm;ud k aq;jzLom;xm;&m qd k
o vd k tvd k
u f
o if h wm;M u \/ y&d o wf uvnf ; &ifwrr
uefv Y efjY zwfpnf;vdik ;f rsm;udk Munfjh cif;tm;jzifh ig;OD;wpfoif;jzifh jzpfae[ef &So d nf/ xdpk Ofrf mS yif ]a[;}ceJ atmfox H u G af y:ojzifh
wdk;Murnf jzpfaMumif; odEdkifygonf/ Munfv h u kd &f m avqifh ajrmufpnf;wm;ol aiGwm&DwpfO;D udk ½SiNf ird ;f
r,fwpfO;D u vGwaf tmif wd;k um bdwpf nf;udyk g jzwfceJ azmuf\/
]ud, k v
f ufvyI ½f mS ; tm;upm;} qdk onfEiS hf nDvyS g\/ bdwpf nf;wm;ol aiGwm&Du jyefvu l kd vSnt fh qD;wGif acgio f Bl u;D
Nyd K if y G J 0 if r nf h toif ; ES p f o if ; rS m xk y f q D ; uG i f ; em;wG i f ½S i f N id r f ; r,f u bd w f p nf ; ud k wd k ; jzwf \ / ES p f a ,muf w d k ;
toifah &mufaeum vuf ajrmS ufajccJG cg;aMumavQmu h m aoG;yl wpfa,mufwm; jzpfaepOf aiGwm&Dacgio f Bl u;D tlaMumif;twdik ;f
avhusihf cef;rsm; vkyaf eMu\/ 'dik v f Bl u;D rsm;u ESpzf uf vlpm&if;udk ajy;0ifvmonf/ bdwpf nf; aiGwm&Du]jyefo}l [k atmf[pf
ppfaq;aeonf/ NyKd iyf pGJ nf;urf; rsm;udk ajymjyae[efvnf;½S\ d / owday;csdefwGif jyefolacgifolBuD;udk aiGwm&D acgifolBuD;u

tlaMumif;rS apmifhxdef;xm;vdkuf\/ NydKifyJG\ tajctaerSm pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;vSygonf/ udk,fa&m pdwfyg
P253
&ifwrr jzpfapatmif tm;NydKifaeNyD jzpfonf/ tm;ay;olwdkY vI y f v I y f ½ S m ;½S m ;½S d v S N yD ; aysmf ½ T i f z G , f aumif ; vS y gonf /
toHu ]½SiNf ird ;f r,f} ]½SiNf ird ;f r,f}[k nHvmjyefonf/ pnf;vHk;nDñGwfjcif;udk az:aqmifEdkifrS atmifyJGqifEdkifonfh
upm;enf; wpf&yfvnf; jzpfonf/ jrefrmjynfwiG f usi;f yrnfh
aiGwm&Drsm;a&m ½SifNidrf;r,frsm;yg acR;pdkY aeayNyD/
vmrnfh tmqD,Htm;upm;yJGawmfwGif xkyfqD;tm;upm;udkyg
aiGwm&Dacgio f Bl u;D rSm ydík tvIyt f &Sm; rsm;\/ bdwpf nf;wdik f
xnfoh iG ;f usi;f yygu Edik if w
H umuyg jrifawGU ESpNf cKd uu
f m jrefrmwdYk
vmxdef;pOf xdyfpnf;wdkifatmifvnf; rsufjcnfrjywfap&/
*kP,
f pl &m jzpfayvdrrhf nf[k awmifw h rd ygawmhownf;/ /
upm;yJG\ tajctaeudkvnf; tuJcwfum tzJGUom;wdkYudk
a½SUaemuf vSr;f atmf tcsuaf y;ae&ao;\/ aiGwm&Dacgio f Bl u;D \
OD;acgi;f rSm csmceJ? csmceJ/ olaY cgi;f rS qHawmufrmS cgceJ? cgceJ/
xdok nfukd tcGiahf umif;,lum jyefoal cgio f Bl u;D jzwftwd;k wGif
aiGwm&Dacgio f Bl u;D u tlaMumif;rS vdu k u
f m trdzrf;vdu k af vonf/
]rdNyD}[lonfh atmfoHESifh twl 'dkif\ tcsufay; vufOD;q&m? rnfxdkufpGmom;? ykAÁmp&d,? rdESifhb/
0pDoHjrnfum aiGwm&DtzJGUom;wdkY NyHK;aysmfoGm;Muawmh\/ raumif;jrpfwm? aumif;&mñTefvwf? twwfoifap? ay;a0ESD;&if;?
y&dowfwu Ykd vnf; ]a[;}ceJ atmfMu\/ uREykf &f ifxw J iG v
f nf; xdrf;jrm;jcif;vQif 0wfig;tif../
tm;&wuf<urIEiS t hf wl ud,
k w f ikd f 0ifa&muf ,SONf yKd if upm;vdk
pdwfrsm; wzGm;zGm; jzpfay:aeonf/ausmif;\ pHknDyJGawmfü om;aumif;wpfa,muf? ausmufaumif;wpfaph jzpfygap/
wm0efrsm;aeojzifh oli,fcsi;f rsm; xkyq f ;D toif;zJUG csed f avhusichf sed f om;wdYk½yk &f nf? oDwmrnfom;? a&Munfcsrf;jr? wpfaygufusu?
wdw
Yk iG f ryg0ifvu kd rf o
d nfukd ,ckrS rcsirhf &J jzpfae rdawmh\/ rdbwdYk 0rf;? Nidr;f pwrf;/
em;csdefaphonfESifh NydKifyJGudk jyefponf/,ckwpfBudrf om;tcspf? ajr;tESpf/ om;orD; raumif;? rdbacgif;/
wGiv f nf; tMuw d tf e,f jzpfae Muonf/ owfrw S cf sed f aphcge;D wGif om;qdk;tar wayay/
aiGwm&DwdkY atmifxloGm;\/ þwGifvnf; y&dowfwdkYu
]aiGwm&D}]aiGwm&D}[k atmf[pfum tm;ay; Muonfom/ toif; auR;arG;rysuf? aqmif½GufpDrH ? arGcHxdkufap vSLrQa0í
ESpfoif;rSmvnf; ,SOfNydKifpOfu udk,hfwmudk,fvHkatmifxdef;um ?apmifhavrsKd;EG,f 0wfig;oG,f usifhzG,f om;wdkYwm../
tm;rmefygyg yg;jyif&&J J rsuEf mS wif;wif; ½SMd uaomfvnf; upm;yJG twwfvnf;oif? yJhjyifqHk;r? odyÜrcsef? ab;&efqD;um?
tNyD;wGif vuf0g;csif;½dkuf vufcsif;wJGum tciftrifrysuf
oifh&mtyfydkh? q&mwdkU/ ememusifusif? tjypfjrifwdkif;?
EIwq f ufMu? pum;qdMk u NyKH aysmEf ikd Mf uuke\
f / aiGwm&Dtoif;u
0rf;wGifrodk? [kwfwdkif;qdkí? usKd;vdkpdwfu? qHk;rwwfol?
naeydkif; qkESif;yJGwGif qkaMu;aiG usyfwpfaomif; vufcH
q&m[lavmh/
&½Srd nfjzpf&m rnfoYkd cGaJ 0oH;k pJMG urnfukd jiif;ckef ajymqdak eMu\/
þodjYk zifh xkyq
f ;D upm;yJG Ny;D qH;k avawmhonf/
q&maumif;wynfh yef;aumif;yef / q&mhxuf wynfh
xkyfqD;wdk;upm;yJG upm;olwdkYrSm tzJGUjzihf ,SOfNydKif vufapmif;xuf /
&onf/ tzJGvdkuf wm0ef,l&onf/ wpfOD;csif;pDüvnf;
vsijf refzswv f wfru I kd tm;jyKum ud, k w hf m0efEiS u hf ,
kd f wd;k &? wm;
&onf/ wd;k onft h vSnw Yf iG f tcsi;f csi;f cswd q f uf upm;jcif;jzifh rSwzf ,G &f m&m? xdxk pkd mud?k ½Smírjywf? tdrwf iG zf wf? zwfygaomfum;?
upm;uGurf sm; xGiEf ikd o f nf/ wm;onft h vSnw hf iG f acgio
f Bl u;D \ zwfzefrsm;u? om;r,m;yif odjrifuif;uGm rvdrm® vnf;?
cefcY EGJ ikd pf rG ;f ? tzJUG om;wd\ Yk yg;eyfrw I jYkd zifh wd;k olrsm;udk acsmifyw d f pmaypum;? aeYwdkif;Mum;u? xl;jcm;vdr®m? ½dSonfomwnf;/
zrf;Edik o f nf/

pmpDpmuH;k &rSwf aumif;zdYk

pmpDpmuHu k kd tuJjzwf trSwaf y;wJt h cgrmS -
(u) acgi;f pOfEiS hf tH0ifciG u f s ½Srd ?I
( c ) ay;xm;aom yHMk urf;udk tajccH csUJ xiG u f mtpDtpOftwdik ;f vdu k ef m a&;om;Edik rf ?I
(*) pmvH;k aygi;f owfykH rSeu f efjcif;? pum;vH;k toH;k tEIe;f vdu k zf uf qDavsmjf cif;? 0guszUGJ x;kH rSeu f efjcif;? pmyd'k rf smudk
pepfwus zJUG Eikd jf cif;? pmyd'k u f kd tcsw d t
f qufrrd d a&;Edik jf cif; ponft h a&;tom; qdik &f m t&nftaoG;rsm; yg0ifr?I
(C) tp? tv,f? tqH;k tpDtpOfusr?I
( i ) ud,k af wGUtawGUtBuKH rsm;? ud, k yf ikd t
f awG;tjrifrsm;? pdwu f ;l pdwo f ef;rsm; ponfwjYkd zifh pdw0f ifpm;zG,jf zpfatmif
ud, k yf ikd t
f a&; tom;jzifh a&;om;Edik rf I
pwJh tcsuaf wGeYJ pdppfavh ½Syd gw,f/
oDuHk;wJhae&mrSm jy|mef;pm ( twef;pm toD;oD; )xJu tcsuftvufawGudkvnf; om"utaeeJU xnfhoGif;
a&;om;vd&Yk ygw,f/ trSwf ravQmyh g/
tvGwu f suNf y;D om;udk csa&;wJh pmpDu;kH jzpfaMumif; ppfaq;awGU&&dS if atmifrw S f ( av;q,f&mEIe;f - 8 rSwf ) ray;yg/
pum;ajym[efawGeUJ a&;&ifvnf; - 8 rSwaf tmufyJ ay;ygw,f/
yHMk urf;eJt
Y nD pmpDpmuH;k wpfy'k f jzpfatmif a&;xm;&if tenf;qH;k ay;rSwu f ( 8 ) rSw/f
toift h wifh qdk ( 9 ) rSwu f ae ( 11 )rSw/f
aumif;&if ( 12 ) rSwrf S ( 15 )rSw/f
odxm;&rSmu trSwef nf;jcif;? rsm;jcif;[m pmrsuEf mS enf;jcif;? rsm;jcif;eJU rqdik /f txufrmS ajymxm;wJh tcsuaf wGeUJ om
qdik w
f ,f/ csUJxiG v f eG ;f tm;Bu;D &if [keo f mG ;wwfw,f/ enf;vGe;f &ifvnf; yHMk urf;tcsuu f kd a&vnfatmif zGiq hf Ekd ikd jf cif;r½Sv
d Ykd trSwaf umif;
r&Edik yf gb;l /
EdiI ;f EdiI ;f csed cf sed f ajzqdkum trSwfaumif;&Muygap/ /
arwåmrGejf zifh -
q&mOD;pdk;0if;
zkef; - 0943109305

တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်တန်းမြန်မာစာ အထူးထုတ်

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

တက္ကသိုလ်ဝင်တန်းမြန်မာစာ အထူးထုတ်

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

*kPfxl;&rSwfydkYcscsufrsm; P1

jref r mtu© & m

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

rSw&f ef/ / atmufrsOf; om;xm;wJh pmvH;k awGukd *½kjyKrwS of m;yg/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

Xmef ? u½dkPf; ? y,wf

]]Xmef ? u½dkPf; ? y,wf}} t"dyÜg,f

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

pum;oHjzpft*Fg jzwfyikd ;f yHk

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

rSwfcsuf/ / avhusifhcef;tjzpfvnf; ar;Edkifonf/ /

- wpfOD;qdkifemrf - yifudkemrf - ykv’dif - {u0kpfudef;

teuft"dyÜm,ft& emrfavhusifhcef; (trsK;d tpm;azmfjyyg)

zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufyHkt& emrfavhusifhcef; (trsK;d tpm;azmfjyyg)

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

3/ (C) atmufyg 0dbwfwpfcck Ek iS hf wJjG cif;jzifh oH½n

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

twdkrSwf&ef/ / emrfpm; ? 4 [kwf.... yk*f? nTef;? ar;? csm

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

twdkrSwf/ / emrf0dbwf? emrf0dbwf../ emrf0dbwfu b,favmufrsm;sm;..../ 17 rsKd;yGm//

emrf0dbwf toHk;jyKyHkqdkif&m jyefvSefavhvmcsufrsm;

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

14/ ( * )toH;k cHjzpfaMumif; az:jyvdo

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

( 0dZÆm odyÜ vlUudpö ? aEGOD;umv jrLxaomcg ? ppfrSmwpfrlwdkYrS 0guszJGUrsm;)

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

jrifpikd ;f a½Tjynfumcsi;f rS avhvmzG,f tvuFm

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

aEGIOD;umvjrLxaomcg - wsmcsif; (xef;wuform;bGJU)

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

waygif;OD;,m tJcsif;yg? q,fhESpf&moD xkwfEkwfwm?

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

XmeD MuifO? nnf;csif;pkwkef; ukef;ya'qif

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

tEkynm xDvmppf tdk½Tuf0gESifh rJacgifjrpf a½Tppfonf½Gm xDvme,fom; ? csdKif;em; Aif;csm; trsdK;om;?

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/

q&mOD;pdk;0if; jyKpk ydkYcsonf/