ARELLANO UNIVERSITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

School Year 2020-2021

DYNAMIC LEARNING PROGRAM (DLP)

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2

NAME: ____________________________________ DATE: ________________________

GRADE & SECTION: _______________________________ TEACHER: _____________________

CONCEPT NOTES #7
I. TOPIC: HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF A SUBSTANCE

II. LEARNING GOAL: The students should be able to:

a. interpret a heating and cooling curve for water;
b. construct heating and cooling curves of a pure substance;
c. demonstrate how heat energy can be used to raise the temperature of a substance and
weaken intermolecular forces to cause a phase change.

III. CONCEPTS:

When the system is heated, energy is transferred into it. In response to the energy it receives, the
system changes, by increasing its temperature. If the temperature of a material is monitored during
heating, it varies with time. A plot of the temperature versus time is called the heating curve.

 Between A & B, the material is a solid. The heat supplied to the material is used to increase
the kinetic energy of the molecules and the temperature rises.
 Between B & C, the solid is melting. Heat is being supplied to the material but the
temperature does not change. Heat energy is not being changed into kinetic energy. Instead,
the heat is used to change the arrangement of the molecules.
 At point C, all the material has been changed to liquid.
 Between C & D, the heat supplied is again used to increase kinetic energy of the molecules
and the temperature of the liquid starts to rise.
 Between C & D, the liquid is heated until it starts to boil.
 Between D & E, the liquid is still being heated but the extra heat energy does not change the
temperature (kinetic energy) of the molecules. The heat energy is used to change the
arrangement of the molecules to form a gas.
 At point E, all the liquid has been changed into gas.
 Between E & F, the gas is heated and the heat energy increases the kinetic energy of
molecules once more, so the temperature of the gas increases.

When the system contains only one phase (solid, liquid, or gas), the temperature will increase
when it receives energy. The rate of temperature increase will be dependent on the heat
capacity of the phase in the system. When the heat capacity is large, the temperature increases

SHS SCIENCE DEPARTMENT

 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
School Year 2020-2021

slowly, because much energy is required to increase its temperature by one degree. Thus, the
slope of temperature increase for the solid, liquid, and gases are different.

HEATING CURVE OF WATER

Cooling curves show how the temperature changes as a substance is cooled down. Just like heating
curves, cooling curves have horizontal flat parts where the state changes from gas to liquid, or from
liquid to solid.

SHS SCIENCE DEPARTMENT

 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
School Year 2020-2021

IV. ACTIVITY/EXERCISES

Direction: Graph the heating curve of ethanol using the information given. Check off each item
as you add additional information to your graph so that none is missed.

Background information of Ethanol:

Boiling Point = 78 0C
Melting Point = -114 0C
Starting Temperature = -120 0C

1. After two minutes, frozen cold ethanol starts to melt. It takes two minutes to melt
completely.
2. After eight more minutes, it begins to boil. It boils for six minutes.
3. Heat is added for two more minutes until ethanol reaches 80 0C.
4. Label “melting” where this takes place.
5. Label “vaporization” where this takes place.
6. Label “phase change” where a phase change occurs.
7. Indicate where ethanol is only a SOLID, only a LIQUID, and only a GAS.
8. Of the three phases, label which phase has: weakest IMF, strongest IMF, and medium IMF.

SHS SCIENCE DEPARTMENT