27.10.

2020

Chemical Hazards

Joe Nail

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4_G-Pr0JQ0
Chemical Hazards
 Pyrophoric
 Flammable Chemicals
 Combustible Chemicals
 Oxidizers

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OHSA’s Haz-Com Standard

Introduction
OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard is designed to
 What is a Chemical Hazard? protect employees from hazardous chemicals used or
stored in the work setting.
Also referred to as the "Right-To-Know Law" Law, the
 Answer: Any chemical that can cause illness, injury,
Hazard Communication Standard requires that
or an emergency.
information and training (i.e., hazcom training) be
provided to any employees who have the potential of being
 Chemical Hazards exposed to a hazardous chemical “under normal condition
 Physical of use or in a foreseeable emergency.”
Such hazcom training requires the presence of hazardous
 Health
chemicals be communicated to employees in a variety of
ways, including:

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Purpose
 The purpose of the HazCom Requirements
standard is to make sure
 The hazardous chemical inventory
that the hazards of
 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
chemicals are evaluated  Labels, tags or signs
 That information  The written Hazard Communication program

concerning their hazards is

communicated to
employers and employees
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 More than 30 million workers are
potentially exposed to one or more
chemical hazards. There are an
estimated 650,000 existing
hazardous chemical products, and
Background
 The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) is
based on a simple concept that employees have
both a need and a right to know the hazards and
identities of the chemicals they are exposed to
when working

hundreds of new ones are being

introduced annually. This poses a
serious problem for exposed
workers and their employers.

Who is covered
 OSHA’s Hazard Communication
(HazCom) standard applies to general
industry, shipyard, marine terminals,
longshoring, and construction employment
and covers chemical manufacturers,
importers, employers, and employees
exposed to chemical hazards.

Horizontal

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Background
 They also need to know what protective
measures are available to prevent adverse
effects from occurring
 The HCS is designed to provide employees
with the information they need

MSDS

Employers Warehouse and Retail Operations

 Employers are required to provide
 Provide employees with information and training
information to their employees about the
(no written program required) to the extent
hazardous chemicals to which they are
necessary to protect them in the event of a spill or
exposed using:
leak of a hazardous chemical from a sealed
 A hazard communication program
container
 labels and other forms of warnings
 material safety data sheets (MSDS)
 information and training

Warehouse and Retail Operations Labeling Exemptions

 In work operations where employees only handle  Other federal agencies control the labeling
chemicals in sealed containers, which are not opened requirements for the following substances:
under normal conditions  Pesticides
 Employers must only do the following:  Chemicals covered under the Toxic Substance
 Ensure labels on incoming chemicals are
Control Act
not defaced or removed
 Foods or food additives
 Maintain copies of any material safety data sheets that
are received with incoming shipments  Distilled Spirits, tobacco

 Obtain MSDS a.s.a.p. for shipments received w/out MSDS  Consumer products, lumber, cosmetics
 Hazardous wastes

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Employer Requirements- Consumer Products Exemption

Written Program
 Any consumer product as defined in the Consumer
 Employers must develop a written program Product Safety Act where the employer can show
that covers at least: that:
 It is used in the workplace for the purpose intended
 Labels and other forms of warnings
 The use results in a duration and frequency of exposure
 Material Safety Data Sheets which is not greater than the range of exposures that could
 Employee Information and Training reasonably be experienced by consumers when used for the
purpose intended

Employer Requirements-
Written Program
Written Program Availability
 Employers must develop a written program that covers
 The employer must make the written program
at least: available, upon request, to:
 A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present at the
 Employees and their designated representatives
facility along with MSDS’s for each chemical
 The methods the employer will use to inform employees
of the hazards non-routine tasks
 The hazards of chemicals in unlabeled pipes

 Where work is carried out at more than one location,

the program may be kept at the main location

Multi-Employer Workplaces Labels, Tags and Markings

 If employees of other employers could be exposed to
 The employer must ensure that each container of
hazardous chemicals the program must include: hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled,
 Methods to provide contractor employees with on-site access tagged or marked with the following:
to MSDS for each chemical those workers may be exposed  Identity of the hazardous chemical
to
 Appropriate hazard warnings
 The methods used to inform other employers of any
 This above labeling information is required of the
precautionary measures to be taken for normal and manufacturer so the employer must ensure that the
emergency situations original labels from the manufacturer are on all
 The employers chemical labeling system containers and remain legible

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Container Labeling Exemption for Portable
Containers
 The employer is not required to label portable
containers into which hazardous chemicals are
transferred from labeled containers, and which are
intended only for the immediate use by the employee
who performs the transfer
The employer need not
affix new labels to comply
with the standard if
existing labels already covey
the required information
New Hazard Information
 Manufacturers, importers,
distributors and employers who
become newly aware of
significant information regarding
chemical hazards shall:
 Revise the labels for the chemical
within three months
 Revise the MSDS for the chemical
within three months
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MSDS kept in other forms
 MSDS may be kept in any form including operating
procedures
 It may be more appropriate to address the hazards of a
process rather than individual hazardous chemicals
Employee Information and
Training
 Employers must provide employees
information and training on hazardous
chemicals in their work area:
 At the time of their initial assignment
 Whenever a new physical or health hazard the
employees have not previously been trained
about is introduced into their work area
 Training may cover categories of hazards
Employee Information
 Employers must inform employees:
 Of the training requirements of this section (1910.1200
(h) Employee information and training.);
 Any operations in their work area where hazardous
chemicals are present;
 The location and availability of the written hazard
communication program
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Chemical Health Effects

 Irritants: Inflame skin tissue on contact.
 Corrosives: Destroy skin tissue at point of
contact.
 Sensitizers: Cause allergic reactions.
 Target-Organ Chemicals: Damage specific
body organs and systems.
 Reproductive Hazards: Change genetic
information in egg or sperm cells and/or
damage fetus after conception.
 Carcinogens: Cause cancer.

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Employee Training
 Employee training shall include at least:
 The means to detect the presence or release of a hazardous Health Hazards
chemical in the work area  Sensitizers
 The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work
 Target-Organ Chemicals
area
 Reproductive Hazards
 Measures employees can take to protect themselves
 Details of the employers specific program
 Carcinogens

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Health Hazards Health Hazards

 Category A-Biological Agents  Irritants
 Category B-Physical Agents  Corrosives
 Category C-Chemical Agents

 Chemical Agents-This Discussion

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Corrosive Nephrotoxins
 Visible destruction, or irreversible damage to body tissue
 Acids  Chemicals which produce
 Caustics (or bases) kidney damage
 Signs and Symptoms:
Edema
 Chemicals: Halogenated
Caustics
Acids pH Scale (or bases)
Hydrocarbons, uranium

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Neurotoxins
 Chemicals which produce
their primary toxic effects
on the nervous system
 Signs and Symptoms:
Narcosis, behavioral
changes, decreased motor
function
 Chemicals: Mercury,
carbon disulfide, lead

Hepatotoxins Agents which act on the blood

 Decrease hemoglobin function,
 Chemicals which produce liver damage deprive the body tissues of
 Signs and Symptoms: Jaundice, liver enlargement oxygen

 Chemicals: Carbon Tetrachloride, nitrosamines  Signs and Symptoms:

Cyanosis, loss of
consciousness
 Chemicals: Carbon monoxide,
cyanides

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Agents which damage the lungs
 Chemicals which damage
pulmonary tissue
 Signs and Symptoms:
Cough, tightness in the
chest, loss of breath
 Chemicals: Asbestos, silica
Reproductive toxins
 Chemicals which damage
reproductive capabilities
 Includes chromosomal
damage (mutations) and
damage to fetuses
(teratogenesis)
 Signs and Symptoms: Birth
defects, sterility
 Chemicals: Lead
Cutaneous hazards
 Chemicals which effect the
dermal layer of the body
 Signs and Symptoms:
Defatting of the skin,
rashes, irritation vary
 Chemicals: Ketones,
chlorinated compounds
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Eye hazards
 Chemicals which affect the eye or visual capacity
 Signs and symptoms: Conjunctivitis, corneal damage,
blurred vision, burning or irritation
 Chemicals: Solvents, corrosives
Significant disasters
Flixborough, England, 1974 rupture inadequately supported bypass
pipe, 155 o C, 7.9 atm
vapor cloud 30 ton cyclohexane
explosion & fire inventories (10 days)
28 killed, 36 + 53 injured, much damage
Seveso, Italy, 1976 reactor out of control ( run away )
vapor cloud 2 kg dioxin
700 affected, 730 evacuated
25 2 km contaminated ( 40 factories )
Bhopal, India, 1984 not operating scrubber & flare system
vapor cloud 25 ton toxic MIC
2000 killed, 20.000 injured, no damage
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The Bhopal disaster, also referred to as
the Bhopal gas tragedy, was a gas leak
incident in ... Over 500,000 people were
exposed to methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas
and other chemicals. The highly toxic
substance made its way into and around
the shanty towns located near the plant.
Estimates vary on the death toll.
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Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Section II - Hazard Ingredients/Identity Information

are one of the most important tools
available to employers Hazardous Components (Specific Chemical Identity;
for providing information, and protection
to workers from hazardous chemicals Common Name(s)) OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV Other

which are used in the workplace.

Limits

Recommended %(optional)

1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS, required Section III - Physical/Chemical Characteristics

information Boiling Point Specific Gravity (H2O = 1)
 Identity of the chemical  Whether the hazardous
 Physical and chemical chemical is listed in the
characteristics National Toxicology Program
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.) Melting Point
 Physical hazards
(NTP) Annual Report on
Carcinogens
 Chemical hazards
 precautions for safe handling Vapor Density (AIR = 1) Evaporation Rate
 Primary routes of entry and use (Butyl Acetate = 1)
 PEL’s or other exposure limits  Date of preparation
 Control measures  Name, address and Solubility in Water
 Emergency procedures telephone of the
manufacturer
Appearance and Odor

Material Safety Data Sheet U.S. Department of Labor

Section IV - Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
May be used to comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard, (Non-Mandatory Form)
Flash Point (Method Used) Flammable Limits LEL
UEL
29 CFR 1910.1200. Standard must be consulted for specific requirements.
Form Approved
OMB No. 1218-0072 Extinguishing Media
IDENTITY (As Used on Label and List) Note: Blank spaces are not permitted. If
any item is not applicable, or no information is available, the space must be marked to Special Fire Fighting Procedures
indicate that.
Section I
Manufacturer's Name Emergency Telephone Number

Address (Number, Street, City, State, and ZIP Code) Telephone Number for Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards
Information

Date Prepared
Signature of Preparer (optional)

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Section VI - Health Hazard Data

Route(s) of Entry: Inhalation? Skin? Ingestion?
Methane - LEL: 5% by volume in Air /
UEL: 17% by volume in Air Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic)

Carcinogenicity: NTP? IARC Monographs? OSHA

Regulated?

Signs and Symptoms of Exposure

Medical Conditions
Generally Aggravated by Exposure
Visual example to show where on the scale %
of LEL is measured Emergency and First Aid Procedures

Section VII - Precautions for Safe Handling and Use

Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled

Waste Disposal Method

Precautions to Be taken in Handling and Storing

Other Precautions

Section V - Reactivity Data Section VIII - Control Measures

Stability Unstable Conditions to Avoid Respiratory Protection (Specify Type)

Stable Ventilation Local Exhaust Special

Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid) Mechanical (General) Other

Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts

Protective Gloves Eye Protection
Hazardous
Polymerization May Occur Conditions to Avoid
Other Protective Clothing or Equipment

Will Not Occur

Work/Hygienic Practices

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Setting up a program
 The HCS covers both:
 Physical hazards (such as flammability), and
 Health hazards (such as irritation, lung damage, and cancer)
 Most chemicals used in the workplace have some
hazard potential, and thus will be covered by the rule
Setting up a program
 One difference between this rule and many others
adopted by OSHA is that this one is performance-
oriented
 That means that you have the flexibility to adapt the
rule to the needs of your workplace, rather than having
to follow specific, rigid requirements
Setting up a program
 Make a list of all chemicals in the workplace that are
potentially hazardous
 The best way to prepare a comprehensive list is to
survey the workplace
 Identify chemicals in containers, including pipes
 Establish purchasing procedures so that MSDSs
are being received before a material is used in the
workplace
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Identify hazardous chemicals in
the workplace.
 Compile a complete list of the potentially
hazardous chemicals in the workplace
 Determine if you have received material safety
data sheets for all of them
 If any are missing, contact your supplier and
request one
 You should not allow employees to use any
chemicals for which you have not received an
MSDS
Preparing and implementing a hazard
communication program
 All workplaces where employees
are exposed to hazardous
chemicals must have a written plan
 The plan does not have to be
lengthy or complicated
Employee training
 If there are only a few chemicals in the
workplace, then you may want to discuss each
one individually
 Where there are large numbers of chemicals,
or the chemicals change frequently, you will
probably want to train generally based on the
hazard categories (e.g., flammable liquids,
corrosive materials, carcinogens)
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Documentation Control of Chemical Hazards and

Exposures
 The rule does not require
 Engineering and Mechanical Controls
employers to maintain records
 Personal Protective Equipment
of employee training, but many
Hazard  Administrative and Procedural Controls
employers choose to do so Communication

 This may help you monitor your

own program to ensure that all
employees are appropriately
trained

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Recognizing Chemical Health

Effects-What to Look for. Chemical Spill Response
 Symptoms appear while you are at
 Requires Special Training
work.
 Symptoms get worse during the work  What can I do?
week but go away when you are off.
 Fellow employees have reported similar
symptoms.

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Chemical Spill Response

Forms of Chemical Hazards CFR 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Response Standard (HAZWOPER)

 Solids, Liquids, Gases, Vapors, Mists,  Option #1-Evacuate employees and call in
Dusts, and Fumes. professional emergency response personnel.
(EAP) 29 CFR1010.38(a)
 Exposure Routes
 Option #2-Respond internally. (EAP) 29 CFR
1010.120

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Emergency Action Plan (EAP) Emergency Action Plan (EAP)

Generally speaking, spills of common chemicals
less than 1 Liter in volume are mitigated by those
personnel trained and knowledgeable with the use
of the chemical in the first place. However, any
chemical spill (of certain volumes or
chemical/physical properties) beyond the
capabilities of trained users or other internal
response providers is classified as an “emergency
spill.”
 Following emergency evacuations, your designated
place of shelter is the primary assembly point, or
alternate assembly point if the emergency is
impacting your primary location. Proceed to your
assembly point once instructed to do so by your
Building Coordinator, RA, faculty member or
supervisor. Keep streets, fire lanes, hydrants and
walkways clear for emergency vehicles and crews.
 If requested, assist Emergency crews as necessary.
 A Command Post may be set up near the emergency
site. Keep clear of the Command Post unless you
have official business.

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Emergency Response Plan (ERP)

Emergency Action Plan (EAP)
 Any emergency spill of a hazardous chemical or
radioactive material should be reported primarily to
Campus Safety (ext ……), and secondarily to the Director
of Environmental Protection, Safety & Sustainability
(ext …….).
 When reporting, be specific about the nature of the
involved material and exact location. Campus Safety
will contact the necessary specialized authorities and
medical personnel (as necessary). Campus Safety must
contact the Radiation Safety Officer, Dave Gapp, for
spills of radio-isotopes.
 If possible, the individual discovering the spill should
vacate the affected area at once and seal it off to prevent
further contamination of other areas until Campus
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Emergency Action Plan (EAP)

First Aid for Chemical Exposure
 Anyone who may be contaminated by the spill is to avoid
contact with others as much as possible, remain in the  Ingestion
vicinity and give their names to Campus Safety. Required
first aid and cleanup by specialized authorities should  Inhalation
be started at once.  Skin Contact
 If the nature of the spill threatens other building  Eye Contact
occupants (fire conditions, toxic/acrid vapors or fumes),
activate the building alarm to signal an evacuation, walk  Burns
quickly to the nearest marked exit, and proceed to the
building’s muster point.
 During building evacuations, assist the handicapped in
exiting the building. Remember that elevators are
reserved for handicapped persons during evacuations.

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Review
 1. Give the names of the two chemical hazards.
 2. What name is given to a chemical which will burst into
flame when contacted by air?
 3. What term is given to chemicals which can cause and /or
support fire in other materials?
 4. What is a health hazard?
 5. Which kind of health hazard destroys skin on contact?
 6. Chemicals that cause sterility, fetal death, and birth
defects are called ____________.
 7. What is a carcinogen?
 8. Give the three states in which a chemical can exist.
 9. Give the three ways employees can be exposed to health
hazards.
 10.What are the most common skin contact hazards?
 11.What is an MSDS?
 12.What kind of information is found on the MSDS?

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