AKM 204E -FLUID MECHANICS

LECTURE NOTES
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan BAYINDIR
cbayindir@itu.edu.tr
Office #: Hydraulics Lab 216- See syllabus for details

Assoc. Prof. Dr. İstanbul Technical University, Turkey

Adjunct. Prof. Dr. Boğaziçi University, Turkey
ICBM of the Future Circular Collider Project, CERN, Switzerland

Ph.D. Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013.

M.S. Georgia Institute of Technology, Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2011.
M.S. University of Delaware, Ocean Engineering, 2009.
B.S. Boğaziçi University, Civil Engineering, 2007.

Lecture Notes by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan BAYINDIR-Week 1 1

 COURSE OUTLINE
Week 1: Introduction to fluid mechanics. Unit systems. Fluid properties.
Week 2: Fluid statics.
Week 3: Elementary fluid dynamics: Bernoulli equation.
Week 4: Fluid kinematics. Reynolds transport theorem.
Week 5: Finite control volume analysis: conservation of mass.
Week 6: Conservation of momentum.
Week 7: Potential flow.
Week 8: Superposition of potential flows.
Week 9: Navier-Stokes equations.
Week 10: Navier-Stokes equations. Coutte, Hagen-Poiseuille flows
Week 11: Dimensional analysis and similitude.
Week 12: Flow over immersed bodies and boundary layers.
Week 13: Turbomachinery and pump selection.
Week 14: Viscous flows in pipes. Miscellaneous.

Lecture Notes by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan BAYINDIR-Week 1 2

Week 1: Introduction to fluid mechanics. Unit systems. Fluid properties.

Definition of a fluid: A substance that continously deforms when acted upon by a shear
stress of any magnitude.

Some properties of fluids: Every fluid has

size (L), speed (V) and pressure (P)
Dimensions:

Lecture Notes by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan BAYINDIR-Week 1 3

Week 1: Introduction to fluid mechanics. Unit systems. Fluid properties.

Dimensional homogeneity: An equation is called dimensionally homogeneous—if the

dimensions of the left side of the equation must be the same as those on the right side, and
all additive separate term must have the same dimensions.

Example: For g=32.2 ft/s2

Restricted homogeneous equation-only homogeneous

for a selected system of units!
Lecture Notes by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan BAYINDIR-Week 1 4
Week 1: Introduction to fluid mechanics. Unit systems. Fluid properties.

System of Units: 1) International System (SI): Since 1960

2) British Gravity System
3) English Engineering System (EE)

Lecture Notes by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan BAYINDIR-Week 1 5

Week 1: Introduction to fluid mechanics. Unit systems. Fluid properties.

In SI units: kg/m3
Density: Specific Volume:
In BG units: slugs/ft3

Specific Weight:

Specific Gravity:

Lecture Notes by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan BAYINDIR-Week 1 6

Week 1: Introduction to fluid mechanics. Unit systems. Fluid properties.
Ideal Gas Law: Gases are highly compressible compared to fluids thus we need the ideal
gas law to study them.

R=8.314 J/(K mol)

Viscosity: Units FTL-2

Dynamic viscosity,
absoulte viscosity,
viscosity

Lecture Notes by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan BAYINDIR-Week 1 7

Week 1: Introduction to fluid mechanics. Unit systems. Fluid properties.
Viscosity:

Newtonian Fluids: Fluids for which the shearing stress is linearly proportional shearing strain.
Others, for which the relation is non-linear, are known as Non-Newtonian fluids.
Lecture Notes by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan BAYINDIR-Week 1 8
Week 1: Introduction to fluid mechanics. Unit systems. Fluid properties.
Viscosity:

Lecture Notes by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan BAYINDIR-Week 1 9

Week 1: Introduction to fluid mechanics. Unit systems. Fluid properties.
Viscosity: Example:

Lecture Notes by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan BAYINDIR-Week 1 10

Week 1: Introduction to fluid mechanics. Unit systems. Fluid properties.
Viscosity: Example:

Lecture Notes by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan BAYINDIR-Week 1 11

Week 1: Introduction to fluid mechanics. Unit systems. Fluid properties.
Viscosity: Kinematic viscosity Units L2T-1

Bulk Modulus: An indicator of how compressible a fluid is. Units FL-2

Speed of sound: Acoustic Velocity

For gases
undergoing
an isentropic
process

Lecture Notes by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan BAYINDIR-Week 1 12

Week 1: Introduction to fluid mechanics. Unit systems. Fluid properties.
Speed of sound: An example

Lecture Notes by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan BAYINDIR-Week 1 13

Week 1: Introduction to fluid mechanics. Unit systems. Fluid properties.
Surface Tension: Units FL-1

Weight= ST Force
@ Equilibrium

Lecture Notes by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan BAYINDIR-Week 1 14

Week 1: Introduction to fluid mechanics. Unit systems. Fluid properties.
Surface Tension:

Lecture Notes by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan BAYINDIR-Week 1 15

Week 1: Introduction to fluid mechanics. Unit systems. Fluid properties.
Physical Properties of Fluids: The typical values:

Lecture Notes by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan BAYINDIR-Week 1 16

Week 1: Introduction to fluid mechanics. Unit systems. Fluid properties.
Physical Properties of Fluids: The typical values:

Lecture Notes by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan BAYINDIR-Week 1 17

Week 1: Introduction to fluid mechanics. Unit systems. Fluid properties.

: Great contributors to fluid

mechanics

Lecture Notes by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan BAYINDIR-Week 1 18