AN ARGUS SPECIALIST PUBLICATION

t-t c c o g

HI

$3.75

Britain's Bi
Over 120
pages of
information
and urograms
for the
zx Spectrum,
ZX81 and ZX80
computers
NEW FEATURE
YOUR REVIEWS PUBLISHED!

• Arcade action on
your ZX81
: and Spectrum

problems?
Help is at hand
Business and domestic
routines for your micro
Educational programs -
six of the best!

_
 art, it* L o n d ° n Robotics
memiS?y to.announ^a

Personal callers

j Minus

SP48
"Him ^

32K MEMORY EXTENSION

kk memory!?!Q

£23
(giving you the standard 48K}

Designed 10 fit inside the Spectrum ease, and using the

identical chips that Sinclair uses iTexas and Oki) to upgrade a
16K Spectrum issue 2 to a 48K Spectrum, for less than half the
price of having Sinclair do it lor you
£46
This unities ^ ^ ^ ^

Fully compatible with all Sinclair add-ons IZX printer.

RS232, Micro drive etc I and very low in power consumption,
requiring no soldering, easy to fit and remove, and carrying our
full warranty. Plug the chips into the sockets provided by
Sinclair on the issue 2 Spectrum, and you are ready to go!
You have a completely standard 48K Spectrum Both issue 1
and issue 2 SP48's are upgradable on a part exchange basis for a r e wiJJ
SPSO's CHJS
FIT AND TEST SERVICE. Available on all memories.
For personal callers while-you-wait £3. 2-5pm Mon-Fri. or by Part ej
return registered post £7. "change service

^ 9 G —
^ i r

ZXSLOWLOADER^m

Mom, _ "I""* UV q
 »

V & H COMPUTER SERVICES

PRESENTS

SPECTRUM SPECTACULAR
(50 Programs for the Sinclair S p e c t r u m )

And what programs? New games' Old games'

Business programs (like invoicing and sales ledger),
word processor machine code routines, graphics....

All in SPECTRUM SPECTACULAR the new book

by Roger Valentine.
SPECTACULAR VALUE AT £4.95

By the same author —

WHAT CAN I DO WITH 1K (ZX81) £4.95

WHAT CAN I DO W I T H 16K? (ZX81) £4.95
DRAGON EXTRAVAGANZA (Dragon 32) . £4.95

V & H COMPUTER SERVICES

182c KINGSTON ROAD, Stylish case tits neatly between ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ W
STAINES, MIDDX. ZX81 and Ram pack of 8K or more

TEL: STAINES 58041 256 * 192 pixels

Business users please note: Our PAYROLL program s now.
available for 2X81. SPECTRUM. PET, B8C and KONTRON Please
wnle for details or send Z2 00 tor comprehensive manual
Hi res display tile independent of old display Me
Very fast and powerful graphics commands as extensions
of Sinclair basic SLOW I FAST CLS COPY PRINT PLOT
all extended to hi res

114 PLOT modes including:

Points and various line types

t h e I ~ c h f r 2 q Textured triangle fill
Absolute and relative co-ordinates
Line drawing to points off screen
Tut tndtnt C I w m trl ol tailing fori una*
Mixed text and graphics including PRINT at graphics
MOW AT YOU* FlttHKTlWIII
cursor.

for the SPECTRUM 48k User defined graphics for space invaders etc

FCMOMIY £6-95 Screen COPY to printer

Extensive manual excellent for school and home use. and
full guarantee

r
special offer! f Arcade games available soon 1
The person from whom we reel eve our
f i r s t order for the ' I CHING1, w i l l
~et i t and one copy of the next two! Post to - Notting Dale Technology Centre (Ltd)
new programs that we create for the T F L (ZX 81) -
SPECTRUM. 189 Freston Road 5r
London W10 6TH <01-969 8942)
FREE! Please send me board(s) « £32 00 each
+ £4 80 VAT plus 75p P&P
coming soon;::
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Or I wish to pay by Access/barclay Card/Visa
CREATOR 1.
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povable to: SIRIUS LOGIC.
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ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

LOCiC

J

ZX Computing
Volume One Advertising Manager: Miriam Roberts
Number Seven Managing Editor: Ron Harris
CONTENTS
June/ July 1 9 8 3 Managing Director: T J Connell
Letters
They say that the pen is mightier than
the sword so if you've got something
to say w h y not write and tell us. (You'll
find it a lot easier than wielding a s w o r d ! !
Muncher
How long do you think you can survive
the monster maze 7 A terrific arcade
game for your ZX Spectrum from Robert
Turner.
weather Report. .16
Keep an accurate record of the weather
' /ith this program from Cathyrn Corns.
Whether it rains or it pours, you'll always
be in the picture.
Twelve On Trial
James Walsh dons his judge's robes and
inspects 1 2 software packages for the
ZX S p e c t r u m . See inside for his
verdict. . .
Meteors ll
Neil Streeter has put together possibly
the ultimate 'Meteor' game,
incorporating BASIC and machine code,
for you and your Z X 8 1 .
Spectramon — part
two 28
The second part of this incredible
monitor program for the 4 8 K ZX
Spectrum, courtesy of Simon Goodwin.
River Of Death
All you have to do in this program by A
Reynolds is to jump your 'frog' across
the road and then negotiate the river of
death. Sounds easy? Just you w a i t . . .
Origination and design by M M Design & Print,
Editor: Roger M u n f o r d 1 4 5 Charing Cross Road, London W C 2 H OEE.
Published by Argus Specialist Publications Ltd,
1 4 5 Charing Cross Road, London W C 2 H OEE.
8• A Stitch in Time . .34 • News 54
Nick Pearce gives some medical All the news on the latest s o f t w a r e and
software a check-up and investigates a hardware products from the
new crossword-type game for your marketplace.
ZX81.
Monster Pit . . .60
Biorhythm Imagine a Screech bat has just knocked
Calculators... . .36 you d o w n a deep pit in a ruined tower
and all manner of nasties are chasing you
T w o listings for the price of one! Phil as you scramble for the exit. You're now
Letter provides programs for your 1K beginning to get the idea of this program
and 16K Z X 8 1 allowing you to predict written for us by J i m Enness.
your highs and lows. r ? — •
Leprechaun's Gold 38 ^ ^ K ,Tp, zjsCjfes^HVL / I
ma l
A n amazing game for your Spectrum, in
w h i c h Clyde Bish has you going round
the bend! Find the gold before the Green
Goblin catches up w i t h you.
Adding interest t o
Reader's Reviews . 42 Your Programs —
Your chance to see your reviews in print.
A selection of software reviews from the
part two 65
readers of ZX Computing. Tim Hartnell concludes this two-part
SixOfTheBest . . . 4 5
feature showing you h o w to make the
m o s t of y o u r p r o g r a m m i n g s k i l l s .
Remember how the ugly duckling was
Not as painful as the title suggests! Ms transformed into a swan well, that's
Goodridge presents six programs for the nothing to what Tim has done to his
1 K Z X 8 1 to help your children overcome program, Duck shoot.
the problems of simple arithmetic.
Ski Run
Get out on the piste w i t h this skiing
program by H Davis. W a t c h out for the
Ever fancied yourself as a bit of a poet?
trees!
Well, here's your chance — and you
could end up w i t h a great selection of
the latest Sinclair s o f t w a r e into the Machine Code
bargain! c a t c h 74
3 2 H B a n k s t a t e m e n t _. 5 0 •
Mick G a r f i t t , enthralled by a Z X 8 0
p r o g r a m , has d o n e an e x c e l l e n t
A business program for your Z X 8 1 to conversion, incorporating a smattering
help y o u keep account of yourself, of machine code, to produce this listing
courtesy of A P Walton. for the 1K Z X 8 1 .
4•ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

UPOLfu
ZX Computing is published b i - m o n t h l y on the f o u r t h Friday of the m o n t h . D i s t r i b u t e d by: A r g u s Press Sales & Distribution Ltd, 1 2 - 1 8 Paul Street, L o n d o n EC2A
The contents of this p u b l i c a t i o n including all articles, designs, plans, d r a w i n g s and p r o g r a m s and all c o p y r i g h t a n d other intellectual p r o p e r l y rights therein belong
to Argus Specialist Publications Ltd All rights c o n f e r r e d by the L a w of C o p y r i g h t and other intellectual property rights and by virtue o l international c o p y r i g h t c o n
ventions are specifically reserved t o A r g u s Specialist Publications L t d A n y r e p r o d u c t i o n requires the prior w r i t t e n c o n s e n t of A r g u s Specialist Publications Ltd.
invaders
They're coming to get you in this Z X 8 0
program written by Andrew Haslem.
Bookshelf
TheZX bookworm. Patrick Cain, takes a
long hard look at the latest titles for your
bookshelf.
Club Corner
If you want to show off your prowess on
your Sinclair computer, why not join the
club? A selection of clubs await your
attention.
ZX-CESIL 2 —
part two
John Miller presents the second part of
this article featuring the rest of the listing
of his adaptation of the educational
language, CESIL 2.
The 81 Soft
Selection
Nick Pearce compares a selection of
games software packages for the 2 X 8 1 .
Mastering Machine
Code On Your
Spectrum 91
This issue, Toni Baker, shows you how
to actually combine machine code and
BASIC to produce a visual
accompaniment to your stereo.
Greyhound Racing 94 H Demolition
If you think your programming has gone
to the dogs, you'd better be quick about
typing in this program by William Smith.
5•ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983
1
4 J S . 0 1 - 2 4 7 8 2 3 3 Printed by Henry Garnett Ltd.. R o t h e r h a m
A r g u s Specialist Publications L t d 1 9 8 3
76 • Every Pitcher Tells a • P i n b a l l
Story 96 Become a pinball
If you've never played baseball, then
here's your chance. Get your bat 'n' ball
together in this great Spectrum program
from Peter Shaw.
Spectrum Plotter. 98
E3
If you frequently want to include user-
defined graphics within your programs,
you'll find this listing by David Elphick
one you can't do without.
Problem Page.. .100
If you have any programming problems,
why don't you consult the ZX know-all,
Peter Shaw — the man w i t h all the
answers.
. . .84
Pilot
It's said that if you were meant to fly,
you would have been born with wings.
What it should have said was that you
should have a Spectrum computer! An
uplifting program from Bill Longley.
. . .89
The ZX81 At Play 106
Grahame Chidwick, Zalcariya Ahad and
J D Almond get together to give you a
selection of games for your 1 K Z X 8 1 .
A smashing game for you to play on your
Spectrum from Chris Lemon. Not just
another brick in the wall!
112
wizard in this great
game written for us by mark Pattinson.
No Man s Land. . 1 1 4
You're in a patrol ship in no man's land,
and the enemy's out to get you. Machine
code and BASIC combine to make this a
fine game, courtesy of Mark Emery.
Learner Driver . .116
You don't need to have passed your test
to be quite proficient at this game for
your Spectrum written by H Davis.
Transylvanian
Tower 118
Phil Garratt, cross held high, takes a few
102 cautious steps into Dracula's lair!
Daredevil 122
If you reckon yourself as a daredevil
biker n o w ' s the time to put yourself to
test in T Jane's splendid program.
Machine
Specifications . .125
A reference guide to the Sinclair range of
products. It's all here.
ZX Computing is constantly on the look-out for
wall-written articles and programs. If you think
that your efforts meet our standards, please feel
free to submit your work to us for consideration.
All submitted material should be typed if possi-
ble; handwritten work will be considered, but
please use your neatest handwriting. Any pro-
grams submitted should be listed, a cassette of
your program alone will not be considered. All pro-
grams must come complete with a full explanation
of the operation and. where relevant, the struc
110 lure. Spectrum programs should be accompanied
with a cassette of the program (which will be
returned) as well as the listing.
All submissions will be acknowledged and any
published work will be paid for at competitive
rates. Ail work for consideration should be sent to
the Editor at our Charing Cross fload address
 Are your finances driving you mad?
Do vnu find that working out your In addition the ability to
finnncres makes your head buzz? search, locate, delete or
Do you see red? correct previous entries. List
Don't worry, now you ran have by category facility is included.

Put everything
Hilton's Persona! Hanking Additional Hank Reconciliation
System on your side, giving you module available to
a dear head start and automatically match your Bank
(hopefully) putting you hark Statement to your Personal
into the black! Banking System account.

you need on Maintain permanent records Full instructions included and

and fully detailed statements of guaranteed after sales
your finances including: maintenance provided.
* All cheque bonk transactions * PBSZX81 £8.95 (16K)

the keyboard
and bank receipts * ZX SPECTRUM {9.95 (48K)
* All standing order payments * DRAGON £9.95 (32K)
Automatically Processed Bini rn otw ibatwjn |(ot nit with ilwvrl (S
(monthlv. quarterly, six-monthly fur ih«" PHs ui v i.ifr local <:i>mpul<>rsiorc
ORDER b\ POSTispecilunit machine)

with a Custom
<s&
or annuallv and for set number OR h( the POST OFFICE using
of payments) TR A NSC ASH ACCOUNT +02 M557

HIUON Hilton Computer Services Ltd

(Dept ZX) 14 Avalon Road
COMPUTER
Keypanel Kit.
Orpington. Kent BR6 9AX
SERVICES • Y O l B PBS IS NFVFJI I I I T O f DATE *

FREE
Fantastic value at only 4 page leaflet on tape head arimut h j • ignmifil i! you w any ot our products (head
misalignment can be one cause ot LOADmg DTtitCcms*

<£2.95 plus p&p.

• Piolessional TEST CASSETTE enabling you lo set up head a/n^uli 4 tape speed
inci. ?••• •ISIUC* • •• • -lOf-i or stfi'.' £4.90
• TAPE H E A D D E - M A G N E T I S E R sr.'Ve- tv n'ains - • • -.T" I . • I j:i

for 10 Keypanels. !(• . dual (w.id mag.' -i m lu&mg noise or playback £4 75

• ZX L O A D I N G AID ZXM ZX»1 ZX S p M l r u m ••
adjusting volume, plugs r between computer 4 lap6 recorder Rod 4 Green 1 LO 5 On
guesswor- t

— opimum vokime set Herti I 01 only) on — volume too low YeCowLEOon— volume
At last! An end to keyboard too nan inr jdes instructions Stanaard i£AR& 9V leads only via lga»ng aid IZX80 Of
• • £11.95 / > £12.20
(limbic. De-lu*e (EAR MIC & 9 v leads • load' save s*itcm 2X80 or ZX8 < £15.70 /X Spectrum
A must for all multikey games £15.95 .1" if-:-' > isoi sla' :a'dc if- -lu• •• £1.50 lira Earplv tc
mor V " •iianda-'l ' ' ' £1.50 -'V
and a revolution for flight • Protect you' compute* wt" a rugh quality washable D U S T C O V E N : Z X 9 1 or ZX
S p c c l r u m £1.95 Also availabletomost other mtros monitors disc drives & prinMtt
simulation, business and other sophisticated software. • Flat tle«it»e nbOon cable SOitS other Keyboard ll ZX81 ZX S p e c t r u m nlerconrec-
Instantly changeable precision die-cut panels fit tion which-rquirf 5way & 8 way: .ivanatiieany*ngtn mammum19 way ipperi!)rwn
ie Q 100mm ot b wa> ; 60pl ZX8I 4. Zx-Spectrum type Keyboard conrj>ct0rs5 way
over your Spectrum keyboard. 95ii ea 8 «ayCI05e»
Kach kit comes in a clear plastic wallet and contains: • ZXS1 'lexitxe RAM pacK connector soiv«$ wobble problems £t4.B5

10 matt black Keypanels plus a sheet containing over • A3 size pad of Program D*sign S h « t i l o t any type c o m p u t e r £7.95
• Z X - S p e c l r u m ,[.grade Kit lo 48K lor issue 2 machines only IdarK grey Keys' £29.95
140 bright red self adhesive command labels, pre- OOOKS
printed with words and symbols - arrows, left, right, Spectral ROM Decoded Disassembly An annotated disassembly d Specl'um
ROM £5.40
delete, FIRE!, !\>wer, etc. plus a sheet of blanks for
S(* trui' Graphics £7.95 Spectrum f r o g f a ' - i - e s t £7.95
your own designs. • T Shirts £3.50 S w e a t a N r t a £7.50 Slack with Red Sinclair 2X81 or White with
The FIRST add-on for your Spectrum. Slack ZX Spectrum « 4 colour rainbow Very popular individually nand air brushed
•nu" ,1 !.....;•• 110 • • ' -.»• £4.S0 & Sweats' ••-. £9.00 M A MICRO
ADDICT With nands on microcomputer or MICROCOMPUTERS TAKE YOU ' N f O
K>st todav t o S o f t c a c h l i m i t e d . 2s) College Road. Reading T
ANO HER WORLD agamst space scen^ complete w-.!n astronaut Chest sizes avail-
able 24 tO 44
i Berkshire, RC.6 1QE. * ZX91 K E Y B O A R D BLEEPER . T te(":rack - •-, •:• nc; l.-orr- '.. n .. • - •..•
Please send me: keyboard An 210 charactors bleep i SLOW & FAST m o « s Fits >n$ifle — no Halting
wires — n o soldering necessary as all connections simply piug-m Suits most lull size
(:ustom Keypanet kits at £2.9^ + 25P p&p each Boards Vr Z X 8 ' .-'raler? • striu IiOriMiv udC i £10.95 O N O f Switch£1.70
(overseas should add 2S for additional surface mail) extra
PLEASE SEND S A £ FOR FURTHER OETAILS ALL PRICES INCLUDE P & p I UK O^lyl
I enclose a total remittance ofJt- cheques/postal MAIL ORDER WITH PAYMENT 4 R E O J REMENTS CLEARLY SPECIFIED TO DEPT S
| orders payable to S o f t e a c h L i m i t e d
I NAME FULCRUM PRODUCTS
ADDRESS 14 STEEP LANE. FINDON, WEST SUSSEX BN14 0UF
Tel: Findon (090 671) 2750
L 2HO
6 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

Hi
 Games of the unexpected
f o r t h e u n a f r a i d . . . ^

THE WHITE BARROWS

Somewhere amid this maze of burial chambers lurks an Evil
Sorcerer whom you need to trap. Trouble is, he's protected
by Trolls, Dwarves, Serpents and the occasional Dragon or two!
Your magic staff will block the tunnel to prevent him
escaping unless, that is, he outwits you.
A real brain twister. White Barrows requires both brains
and brawn from its players. It's no good just hacking
your way through the Barrows and hoping to fall over
the Sorcerer. Eventually you'll meet a Dragon, and
they don't hack easily! You 'II need all your strength <
and cunning to survive this one for long. J
THE WHITE BARROWS Only £6.50 all inclusivef

CELLS AND SERPENTS

More monsters than you ever thought could live ,
behind your keyboard. Wander the hills in search
of gold and glory but be very, very careful where
you tread! There are things here that will make
your wildest nightmares look like Julie Andrews.
Fancy meeting a Mind Flyer, for example? Or how
about shaking hands with an Asmodeus? (You'//
only do that once!) Treasure is here to be found
though. . . the hard way. *
See just how good you really are at
adventuring with this practically unsurvivable W .
fantasy. Not for the faint of heart or the slow of
sword. Mj/r'
CELL SAND SERPEN TS Only £6.50 all inclusive! Mf

* • SPECIAL DEAL * * M^fp

Both programs for only £ 11.45 all inclusive!

Our Adventure Series programs are available on

tape for the following systems:
Commodore VIC-20 (not available for White
Barrows). Commodore PET. Sharp MZ-80A and
MZ-80K, Tandy TRS-80 Model 1. BBC Model B
or32K Model A, Atari 400 and 800, Sinclair 48K
ZX Spectrum.

iPwM;

r - •'-'' ™ ™ y* tjr " . * . —* •

& r r r . *'. * ' • *" ' "
j&r - 1" j r , V. 8 V i * ~ A
A'.' ~ /T" * & JT T™ r" J^k
—• y i' sr * iT' y z? ••*» j^B

ASP Software, ASP Ltd. I am enclosing my Cheque/Postal Order/Money Order

145 Charing Cross Road, London WC2H OEE (delete as necessary) for £ . . . (payable to ASP Ltd)
OR Debit my Access/Barclaycard (delete as necessary)
Please send me . . . tape(s) of the following programs:
The White Barrows @£6.50each Please use BLOCK CAPITALS and include your postcode
rrm
Cells and Serpents @ £ 6 . 5 0 each NAME (Mr/Ms)
Both tapes at special price only € 1 1 . 4 5 ADDRESS
My system is a .computer
POSTCODE
TRADE ENQUIRIES WELCOME Signature Date

7•ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983


Greetings, and welcome to this
o u r s e v e n t h i s s u e o f ZX
Computing, Within these pages
you'll be assailed with a galaxy of
games programs for your ZX
Spectrum, ZX81 and ZX80, as
well as a g o o d selection of
business, e d u c a t i o n a l and
domestic software for you to
RUN.
The state of play
I don't suppose I need tell you just
how successful Sinclair Research
have been selling their micros
throughout the world. But the
news that they have sold over
one million computers is certainly
a great a c h i e v e m e n t in the
computer marketplace.
In a d d i t i o n t o this figure,
Sinclair Research also claim that
around 600,000 computers have
been m a n u f a c t u r e d under
licence by Timex for the North
American market. So, you can be
sure of one thing — as a Sinclair
user, you are not alone!
On a more important note, I
hope all of you have read of the
warning which Sinclair Research
a n n o u n c e d c o n c e r n i n g their
faulty Spectrum power supplies.
Unfortunately, the warning was
8 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983
only announced days after ZX
Computing's press day, so I was
unable to include it as part of the
news section. However, their
warning was given immediate
a n d w i d e c o v e r a g e in the
computer press and according to
the people at Sinclair has brought
a massive response.
Before anyone out there
panics, the Spectrums involved
were only those bought between
J a n u a r y 1 a n d the end of
February, and then only if the
lead between the power supply
and the computer was black with
a w h i t e strip. A l s o , it only
affected power supplies with a
smooth surfaced (rather than
textured) finger grip on the jack
plug.
If you're in any doubt at all
about your power supply, you
should get in contact with the
team down at Sinclair Research
L t d , U n i t F, B r o a d L a n e ,
Cottenham, Cambridgeshire
CB4 4 S W .
issuing forth
Amongst the 'goodies' in this
issue are a selection of great
games for your Spectrum, ZX81
and ZX8Q. Just as the standard of
arcade games has improved by
leaps and bounds, so has the
standard of software submitted
to our offices.
Many of you are using the
arcades for inspiration in your
programming and I am pleased to
include a number of programs
which you may recognize. There
fis Leprechaun's gold, an exciting
maze game in which you have to
hunt out a pot of gold, and
Muncher, in which you are trying
to eat the dots and escape the
monsters. You may also like to try
the program. Every pitcher tells a
story, a baseball game (sorry
about the play on words). You'll
find a whole lot more in this issue,
but I'll leave the rest for you to
find.
Within these pages, you'll also
be regailed with a number of
reviews by our sterling review
team. James Walsh may have
bitten off more than he can chew,
but he makes a valiant attempt to
review 1 2 (count 'eml software
packages for your ZX Spectrum.
Also, Nick Pearce takes a look at
some of the latest software for
the ZX81.
And featuring.. .
T w o special features begin this
issue, one of which I hope will
help you in your programming
e f f o r t s , the other h o p e f u l l y
providing a showcase of your
thoughts about the commercial
software you buy.
Problem page will be a regular
spot for you to ask Peter Shaw,
a u t h o r of ' G a m e s for y o u r
Spectrum', for help with your
programming. If you would like
to ask Peter for any advice
concerning software or hardware
for your Sinclair c o m p u t e r ,
please try to include as much
detail as you can concerning your
problem.
Also, beginning this issue is a
feature called Reader's reviews.
This is where you come in. All
you have to do is to write a review
of any software you buy, in-
cluding details of manufacturer,
price, etc, and send it to us. If it
gets published, we'll pay for the
software package you reviewed.
So, if your review gets published,
not only do you see your opinions
in p r i n t , b u t y o u get your
software free too!
Contributions
We are always on the lookout for
good programs and articles for
future issues of ZX Computing,
and where better to look than to
our o w n readers. If, w h e n
reading through the magazine,
you think you can write programs
as well, or better than, our
present contributors, then let's
hear from you.
A l l c o n t r i b u t i o n s are, of
course, paid for at very compet-
itive rates. So if you've got your
eye on a new ZX add-on or you'd
just like to supplement your
pocket money, get writing! It is
vital, though, that all the pro-
grams you send us are totally
original, and not 'borrowed' or
adapted' from other magazines
or books. (When Tim Hartnell
was sitting in the Editor's chair,
he even received 'original' contri-
butions he himself had written for
his own books!)
Any kind of program (busi-
ness, domestic, educational, or
just fun) will be welcomed, but
particularly those which use ZX
BASIC in clever and efficient
ways, or those which employ
certain routines which can be re-
used in other programs.
Program listings are vital,
along with a clear explanation of
how the program is constructed,
what it does and what the user
can expect t o see once the
program is RUN (a screen dump
is particularly valuable in this
respect). When submitting
Spectrum programs, it is very
i m p o r t a n t t o r e m e m b e r to
enclose a cassette of the program
as well as the listing, as this will
allow us to check the program
before publication.
On a final note
Well, all I can say is I hope you
have a good time and use this
magazine to the full. So, settle
d o w n at your computer, open up
the pages, and get d o w n to the
serious business of making the
most of your micro with ZX
Computing.
Roger Munford.
 WELCOME
states CHR$ 136/50. The most
weird code I found was 'H'. The
statements I typed in to get this
code were 'RAND USR 5900' and
RAND USR 5904'. Two things
happen when you type these in.
The first result is that three
CHR$ 1s form a triangle in the
middle of the screen and no report
code is given. The bottom two
lines of the screen blanked out and
a further command caused the
dots to scroll down the screen and
then a system crash occured.
The second result was that the
three CHR$ Is were printed in a
diagonal on the right-hand side of
the screen and H /O was given as a
report code. However, if Newline
was pressed, the dots scrolled
down the screen and eventually, a
'0' and 29 inverse " > ' s can be
seen, b u t then the system
crashes.
Another report code I found
was an inverse asterisk/0, which I
discovered by POKEing USR
5900, any number.
I wonder if I am the first person
to notice these codes and if there
are any more yet to be discovered.
Yours faithfully.
Toby Philpott,
Folkestone.

Not alf 40 IF A - B THEN STOP

50 GOTO 20
Dear ZX Computing,
With reference to M Clayton's I have also typed in the excellent
letter in the Feb/March issue of 'Scrolling that screen window'
ZX Computing regarding the which appeared in the same issue,
A touch of genius mysterious '0.5' which could not written by J Elliot. The machine
be trapped, I have also come code works perfectly, but only
Dear ZX Computing, 23 across the same problem. My pro- when the amendments/ addi-
I have at last got around to typing OD End gram had the task of converting tions shown in Fig. 1 are made
out the utility programs contained 20 DE fractions of minutes into seconds to Listing 4. By way of explana-
in the article, 'Scrolling that C9 which 'hung up' on any multiple of tion, the address of the routines
screen window', in the Feb/Mar five (as I later found outl, for is critical to the re-definition land
issue of ZX Computing. I have not included a narrative example, 0.5 or fractions adding re-re-definition} of both 'win-
I have actually penned an addi- because comparison with Listing up to, say 500. d o w ' and 'scroll' — as seen in
tional piece of code which you can 1 in the article will show how it As a computer user of some the d e m o n s t r a t i o n program.
see below. I have no doubt that a works. The code in brackets is years practice, I simply couldn't Listing 5. (Lines 3 6 0 and 4 0 0
similar effect can be produced by variable and sets the window rationalise a problem such as this use the base address con-
a shorter program and I look for- dimensions, the same as Listing 1. being allowed to become 'accept- offset.) However, in Listing 4, as
ward to seing if any of your other Yours faithfully, able'. soon as line 400 is executed, the
readers can write it. The following solution works address contained in B is corrup
The program below is an adap- John Schofield, for the p r o b l e m as s t a t e d , ted by the addition to it of the
tation of the first listing and Blackburn although I don't like the impli- offset, since the result is placed
defines a window and then inverts cations! back into B.
the window, but not the rest of the Yours faithfully,
screen. This would be useful if, 5 LET B = %
say, you did not want to invert a 10 LET A - 2 5 6 OR Williams,
border during a game. 20 LET A = A / 2 Rhondda,
2AOC4C Start 30 PRINT, A Mid-Glamorgan.
23
0EI13)
3E (OF) Rectangle 45 LET BB = B Save start of routine address.
B9 280 POKE B + 25,32 - H Error correction.
3006 290 POKE B + 30 + L, CODE K$ Error correction.
112100 295 LET B = BB Restore start of routine address.
19 600 LET Q = USR( B + 94) Demonstrate screen inverse.
1814 605 PAUSE 100 Renumber only. Fig ,
0620 Begin
3EUC}
B8
Coloumn Strange... Half cocked? which one is wrong, A or 0.5?
The assumption most of us up
38 09 Dear ZX Computing, Dear ZX Computing, till now have been making is that
3E (04) I was typing in a few RAND USR I have been having similar prob- '0.5 equals a half'; after all, we
B8 statements on my ZX81 with 16K lems to M Clayton judging by his were all taught that at school it
30 04 RAM Pack for fun, when I sud- letter in the Feb/Mar issue of ZX seems reasonable so why not
7E denly came across some strange Computing. believe it? Because on the ZX81 it
C680 codes. Here are a few for you to The solution does, of course, is not true!
77 try. work, and the reason 'remember Examination of the bit patterns
that if A is not exactly equal to 0.5 show that A is exactly equal to a
23
10 EF
Next Try typing in 'RAND USR 200".
If you look at the report code it in line 40' is, of course, valid. But half, but that (shock horror!) 0.5 is •
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983 9

not! A is stored as five bytes:
128,0,0,0,0; which decodes to
2 " 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 - which is
exactly a half. Whereas if you look
at '0.5' you can see it is also stored
in five bytes: 127, 127, 255, 255,
255; which decodes to 2 + 2 3
+ 2'*, etc, until 2 33, which is less
than a half.
If you amend line 40 to:
40IF A = 0.5 + 2 * * - 3 3 T H E N
STOP
then the storage error is corrected
and all is well.
On a more practical note, the
use of reciprocals, powers, multi-
plication or division to avoid the
troublesome value usually works
wonders.
For example:
IF A = Vi
IF A = 2 " - 1
IF A"2 = 1
IF A*1001 = 500.5
IF A/10 = 0.5
All of the above work; in fact,
almost anything works as long as
you avoid the dreaded variable,
0.5. Paulo Xavier's use of S and
STR$ also solves M Clayton's
problem, though his own problem
is caused by something else — but
that's another long, long story.
The following notes might also
be useful to other readers. Many
square roots are not exact even
when they should be integers.
Paulo had about one chance in
three of picking on a dud. Also, an
awful lot of numbers do not like
being divided by the number, 1.6.
However, my o w n study has
shown that many, if not all, of
these are predictable.
The whole field is a rich source
of program bugs; and my advice
to anyone wary enough to take
the challenge is to learn to read
floating point binary and look at
the bit patterns. This should help
you avoid the troublesome values.
Yours faithfully,
HM Tucker,
Luton,
Bedforshire.
WELCOME
have written for the ZX Spectrum. be anywhere in the free RAM, but head I've no doubt. So. I had a
This program LOADs the is most likely to be 32500 in a 16K word with a Sinclair spokesper-
machine code routine in the Spectrum and 65200 in a 48K son who assured me that the
D A T A statement, and then machine. Microdrives will be here in the
SAVEs it for future use as a sub- 'very, very near future'. Ap-
routine in any BASIC program. To call the routine shown in parently, the original design was
The routine itself, when called, Fig. 2, use 'RANDOMIZE USER superseded by an impro ved one,
will scroll the whole screen up one s' (s being the value which you thus making the introduction
pixel. Thus, to scroll one line input when the program asked date a little late. However, since
would require a FOR... NEXT of for the start address). the design was frozen late last
'8\ Yours faithfully, year, everything has gone ac-
When the program is RUN, it cording to schedule and Sinclair
asks for the start address where Paul Maycock, Research are confident that the
the code is to be POKEd. This can Bristol. ZX Microdrives will soon ap-
pear. ,4 s a side note, the Sinclair
1 3 0 > REM Bu P H a n c o c k 15/1/63 spokesperson added that when
1 1 0 DfiTR 3 3 , 0 , 6 5 , 1 7 , 0 , 64. , 6 , 3 , 1 9 the Microdrives do appear they
7 , 6 . S . 1 9 7 , 6 . 7 , 197.. 1 , 3 2 , 0 2 3 7 . . 1 7 6 will not be immedia tely a vailable
. 1 , 224- , 0 , 9 . 2 2 9 . 2 1 3 . 2 2 5 . 9 . 229.. 2 0 9 to everyone, but those who
2 2 5 1 9 3 . 1 5 . 2 3 5 . 1 , 224- , 7.. 2 3 7 , 5 6 . 2. bought their Spectrums first will
., 3 2 . 0 . 237., 175,. 1.. 32.. 0 , 2 3 7 , 6 6 , 2 2 9 be offered the chance to buy
120 209.1,0.1,9,193,16,209 Microdrives first — this, they
feel, will give the people who
have waited the longest 'a fair
crack at the whip'.
14-0 FOR f =0 TO 9 7
1 5 0 REfiD a
1 6 0 POKE S .a
1 7 0 NEXT f
190 S.RUE " s c r o t i » C " C O D E S , 9 8
2c>o
11 INPUT " P r e s s ENTER t o v e r i f
y ; LINE a $
2 1 0 U E R I F Y " s c r o l l a e "CODE Fig. 2.
Read all about ing the most recent (and con-
taining and extensive
it . . . bibliography), Grosswald pro-
Dear ZX Computing, viding a slightly different and in reply. . .
Mr Pulsford, in his article in the very readable account about the Dear ZX Computing,
Feb/Mar issue of ZX Computing, distribution of prime numbers, Re J Crawford's letter in the
has re-discovered approximations and Beiler (my p e r s o n a l Feb/Mar issue of ZX Computing,
for the number of primes in a given favourite) which has recently when I ran the three line program I
interval. But better approxi- been re-printed. got a blank screen and recovered
mations have been known for Yours faithfully, the listing by pressing Newline.
nearly two centuries as can be However, by erasing line 30, the
found in a number of authorative Ed Rosentiel, MDS, BSc. program PRINTS whatever you
books on the subject. Emeritus Lecturer, like at 23,5. One may also PRINT
I append three easily accessible King's College Hospital at 22,5 if you wish.
references for your readers Medical School, Yours faithfully,
(shown in Fig. 3.), LeVeque be- London.
MJ 0'Regan,
Beiler, AH Recreations in the Theory of Geneva.
Numbers — The Queen of Mathe- Switzerland.
matics Entertains, Dover Publi-
cations Inc., New York.
LeVeque, W J Fundamentals of Number Theory,
Addison Wesley Publishing Com-
pany.
Grosswald, E Topics from the Theory of
Numbers, The Macmillan Com-
pany, New York.
Fig. 3.

zx mirage? specifications; after all, there has

Pretty smooth!
Dear ZX Computing,
I wonder if any of your readers
w o u l d be interested in this
machine code routine which I
Dear ZX Computing,
A simple question for you. Is the
ZX Microdrive a mirage? Ever
since the ZX Spectrum was first
a d v e r t i s e d , w e have been
promised that 'the Microdrives
will be available later this year'.
This statement seems to have a
hint of 'tomorrow never comes' or
should I say 'later this year' never
comes.
What are Sinclair Research
doing? They seem to know its
been a picture in every advertise-
ment for the ZX Spectrum. Are
they stock-piling Microdrives?
Whatever the reason, please
hurry up with the Microdrives.
Yours faithfully,
Robert Aykroyd,
Leeds.
• There are one or two Of you
out there with the same
thoughts going through your
Build up your
display
Dear ZX Computing,
While experimenting with my
ZX81's display, I hit upon a very
useful routine to expand the
display file to 34 columns by 24
lines, rather than the usual 32 by
24.
This is all very good, but the
catch is that on the ZX81 with
more than 3%K RAM, the pro-

10 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983


gram causes a system crash.
Nevertheless, it can be used with
great effect to add a little more
action io games, etc. Here is the
program:
10 POKE 16441,34
20 PRINT "34 CHARACTERS"
I hope this will be of use to people
wanting that extra bit of space in
their programs.
Yours faithfully,
J Sahota,
Hampshire
Bug bound
Dear ZX Computing.
I am owner of a recently updated
16K ZX81. However, for several
months, I have had to make do
with IK. I therefore understand
the problems and faitrations of 1K
owners and I was very interested
to see the program. Home run, in
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983 11
WELCOME
t h e F e b / M a r issue
Computing.
I was very impressed with the
program, although one or two
bugs did manage to creep in. The
'6' and '7' in lines 110 and 120
should be swapped around so as
to match the directions of the
arrows on the cursor keys. Also,
line 220 should have read "GOTO
20' instead of 'GOTO 10' (which
would reset C to 50 and thus lose
the effect of the decrement in line
200).
Despite these minor changes, I
found it a very enjoyable and
addictive program.
Yours faithfully,
Mark Armstrong,
Lincoln. ^ NC Felgate,
w
Bubble-headed?
Dear ZX Computing,
M Biddell's attempt 'to make
sense of bubble sorting' in the
Dec/Jan issue of ZX Computing
seems to use very complex coding
to do a task which is simplicity
itself — a classic case of 'bubble-
headed' thinking perhaps!
All you need are two subscripts,
S (senior) and J (junior), and the
main processing can then be done
in just a few lines:
50 FOR J = 1 TO 8
60 FOR S = 8 TO (J + 1) STEP - 1
70 IF A(S) < A(JI THEN
LET M = A(S): LET
A(S) = A(J): LET
A(J) = M
90 NEXT S
95 NEXT J
Mike's other variables, I, K and B,
are superflous as you can just
PRINT A(J) instead of B.
The other advantage of the
above simplified code is that it's
much easier to understand what's
happening.
Yours faithfully,
Alan Lawson,
Edinburgh.
Fade to grey?
Dear ZX Computing,
When I first bought my ZX Spec-
trum, I didn't realise that I would
use it to the extent that I have.
This causes considerable wear on
the keyboard and the printing on
the keys began to fade.
However, I have solved that
p r o b l e m by t a p i n g a nine
centimetre by 24 cm piece of cling
film over the ZX Spectrum's key
board. When this becomes worn
and tattered, I just peel it off and
apply a fresh sheet thus leaving an
untouched keyboard underneath.
Yours faithfully,
Plymouth.
A helping hand. .
Dear ZX Computing,
I have heard so much about so
many people having problems
LOADing programs from tape into
the ZX81. I have had my ZX81 for
nearly a year now, but six months
ago I began encountering the
dreaded LOADing problems.
There were occasions when the
TV screen went blank and the
cursor refused to appear, and
there were times when the com-
puter stopped LOADing sudden-
ly, although this time the cursor
re-appeared.
The number of times this hap-
pened began to increase, but after
close inspection I found it was the
tape recorder that needed
doctoring'. Below, I have pro-
vided three methods for dealing
with the problems I was encoun-
tering.
1 — Try adjusting the volume level
so that the thick horizontal lines
displayed when a program is
being LOADed are approximately
twice the size of the spaces in
between. But beware, changing
the volume too drastically will
cause the computer to stop
LOADing.
2 —Try recording programs with
only the t w o MIC plugs
connected, and LOADing with
only the two EAR plugs in.
3 — If the cassette player does not
seem to be producing as loud a
sound as it should, then use a
cassette head cleaner. I found that
this, used in conjunction with dust
and oxide remover, was very
beneficial.
All three methods have improved
my LOADing success a lot and I
hope that they will work for you
too.
Yours faithfully,
Malcolm Boyd,
Belfast.
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12 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

Muncher
SPECTRUM GAME
Program description
Lines Description
1-2 Set up the user definable graphics.
3-4 Set up some of the variables.
10-50 The data for the graphics.

A Spectrum version of 60-260

270
Set up the maze in B$.
PRINTs the maze on the screen.

the popular arcade 280 290

295
Set up some more of the variables.
PRINTs the highest score so far.
game from Robert 300-320 PRINT the monsters and your character.

Turner of Cwmbran,
Gwent.

This game i n v o l v e s your y o u again. You'll k n o w w h e n

character (which looks like a the monsters are vulnerable
heart on its side) travelling because the monsters turn
around the maze eating dots. green and begin flashing.
You are pursued by two Sometimes a cherry will ap-
monsters, which if they catch pear under the monster's den
you will devour you. Luckily, in and this is w o r t h 1 0 points. 330 Decides whether or not to PRINT the cherry.
the corners of the maze are Each dot y o u eat is w o r t h one Scan the keyboard and goes to the correspon-
340-370 ding line number.
power pills which, if eaten by point each, and for each power
your character, will enable you pill you eat and each monster PRINTs score,
375 See w h a t ' s at the monster's position and in-
to chase the monsters and kill you kill y o u get 10 points each. 380-400
them. But you'll have to hurry There's lots of opportunity to creases the score to the corresponding level.
because the pills only last a gain a high score — all you have 410 PRINTs your character on the screen.
limited period of time after to do is to stay alive long 415 If the screen is cleared, GOes TO line 5 0 0 0 .
which the monsters are after enough! 420 PRINTs things under the monsters.
Find positions of monsters and moves it accor-
425-490 dingly.
variables Increases the COUNT.
The variables used in the program are: 500 PRINT the monsters. Flashing green if the
510-535
COUNT is iess than 3 0 . Cyan and magenta are
S — Score. used if the COUNT is more than 3 0 .
HS — High score. 540-545 If your character and the monster share the
T — Score when the screen is cleared. same position, then the program GOes TO line
B$ — Where the mazed is stored. 9000.
COUNT — If this is less than 3 0 , the monsters can 550 Updates D$ and E$.
be eaten. If this amount is more than 3 0 1000-1030 PRINT the cherry.
the monsters can eat you. 1500-1540 Move your character to the right.
LIVES — The number of lives you have left. 1600-1640 Move your character to the left.
Y and X — The monster's position. 1700-1730 Move your character up.
A$ — The shape of the monster. 1800-1830 Move your character d o w n .
GX and GY — The position of the first monster. 2000-2050 If your character should eat one of the power
GX1 and GY1 — The position of the second monster. pills, the variables are re-set accordingly.
C — The movement of the monsters. If 5000-5070 Between the screen routine.
C = — 1, then the monsters move away 7000-7090 Select the skill level.
from you, if C = 1 then they're after you. 8010-9000 Your character kills one of the monsters.
D$ — The shape under monster one. 9000-9030 When one of your characters is eaten, the
E$ — The shape under monster t w o . variables are updated.
A — Skill level. 9500-9530 The game is over and the variables are re-set for
N — Allotted for general use. a new game.

ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983 13

 SPECTRUM CAME
I F
1 RESTORE 0: FOR 3=14-4- TO 164 INKEY$="5" THEN GO SUB i
®„ F , S R b - e T O 7 : RERD C: POKE t f t kjk f v «t - -7 •• t h f k i r n ir i
U5R CHR$ a + b , c : NEXT b : NEXT 3 INKEy$= 7 THEN GO S U B ^
3 LET s=0: LET hs~0: LET T=16 f
ITF
TMkFv*-"F" t w f m nn < ; i i r 1
0: DIM B $ i 2 1 , 2 1 ) ; LET COUNT=30 o^Z 0 6 THEN GO =>UB ^
4. LFT I i f> - S00
Tp
5 GO SUB 7O00 B $ ( Y , X ) = '*.** THEN LET s=s
10 DRTR 0 , 2 5 5 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , t f R*?® y?-"fl" THFW l f t S
>10? B E E P $ f i ; 2 s 7 BEEP ,39: GO"
20 DRTR 0 , 3 1 , 3 2 , 6 4 - , 6 4 , 6 4 , 6 4 - , 6 4 "lo® t f R*fY x>-"LT' THFN I FT * -<i
126,6^,63,0,0,252,2 +Jg® i W p ^ k l T IsE

P
4 4.»l'PRINT RT 0 , 0 ; - L I V E S . - ; l i v e s

2 C 6 6
' 4 ® 6 6 * 6 6 6 6 S 6 ^ | i | ' I M 2 ' l ! * * * P R I N T * * ! 5 ) ' I N K 6 . 3 *
v
6 4 , 64., 6 4 , 6 4 , 6 6 , 6 6 , 6 6 , 6 6 , 6 6 , 6 p R T M - y ' err G X G Y DS " RT GX1 G
P R I N l RT
6,66,66,0,0,16,56,124,56,16,0 , T§ ® GX,Gr,DS,H.
5 6 0
0 0 SrSlS^iiT'SS'JS'S®* ?*®^ 42E IF
RND <3 THEN GO TO 440
1 2 0 ' 1 Pfl ' fifl ' '.d C i F ^fi ' ' XF
THEN LET d=CODE b$ i
' 6& B 0 4 1 Ofi ' Qfl ' 9 , 9 y + C > : I F d <>*7 RND d <> 92 AND
25^ 1® Se §4 fiS'ffs'ii^ -J <14.4 OR d >157 RND d<>47 RND d<
, c f w ' O , ^ * » , .= , t , J. cL. , , t.y , , &o t h f k i i F T o u - n 1, • ^ . r , n T O
„ 55 PgPER 1: BORDER 1: CL5 : I N > jg^THEN^E ^ ^ GO *
T L
60 LET B$ ( 1 j =" ERRRRRRRRRNRR.RBR *^ * =CODE
.. 9X , gy-C) : I F C < > 4 • H N D d < > 92 HNi'
B* IS) ="H N ^ ^ S M ^ I ^ e ?

s
9 0 L E T B $ 14- > ss " M O M J . MJ . N . M J . f L j > K 1 * 4 >S n " ^ >14 ' l i ^ r f
H jrjj" d <14-4 OR d J157 RND d < >4-7 RND d \
100 LET B £ i*=ii - " H, TRH IBH L TRH >92 THEN LET 9X=9X + C: GO TO 4-70
t Sh n.IBII.IBM.L.IBM. i p RNC><a THEN GO TO 4-70
1 1 ^ 1 FT R t ( c ) ."M 4S0 I F g x > y THEN LET d=CODE b$i
n gx — c , Qy j : I F d < >4-7 RND d < > 92 RND
" i s ^ L F T B«f7>-"M FCG K FCfiCG K G<144 OR d > 157 RND d<>47 RND d{
I" ' * » » r c-hcg . rs » THEN LET gx=gx-c
i i s ^ E T B,<B,.»M t i i Vr g s s j 5
B»l9>-»IBBBB.MCO.L.FCJ. t ^ f v
IS0 LET B4(liJ) =" Lf m h
N' l = y y l + c: GO TO 500
4-72 I F RND < 3 THEN GO TO 4-S0
I FT R t f i n - " R R F R H i f _ n • I F 9yl>X THEN LET d = C O D E b j
tgg^p" -L .E D.L ( g x l / g y l I ? ) . i f d < > 4-7 RND d<>92
17ft l FT R t n o w ' / M l RND d < 14-4- OR d > 157 RND d<>4-7 RND
170 LET P f f ^ J - d < >92 THEN LET g y l = g y l - C : GO TO
i p r n d < 3 t h e n g q t o

-190 LET B$ 14 ) = " ...N N ,«« <V ^ H E N ^ d - C O D E ^ *

'SBBBB"T B $ r l 5 J -•BBBBH.L.FCRCG.L ^ ^ ^ f c B ^ ^ J ^ a S c V ^ o 1
^
210 LET 5$ (16> ...N »gg j p R N D < a T H E N G D T D S 0 0
"220 *LET B$(17) ="MOFCD.FCG.L.FCG ^ 9 * 1 J y . J H E N L E Td=CODE b$
.ECGOJ" (gxl-c,gyl): IF h N D d < >y2
23© LET R * f l F . > - " H N RND d<14-4 O R d >157 RND d<>* 7 RNt"
.N.-.Ij" H-..N d < >92 THEN LET gxl=9-Xl-C
24-0 ' LET Bs(lO) ="flQD L FrcCCCCCG. 500 LET COUNTstCOUNT +1
L ERR" * HHU.L.rw,LLUCCL- 5 - 0 j F COUNT > THEN LET C = 1
^50 LET Bt(20» - " 520 I F C = - l THEN PRINT RT GX , GV -1
" o a - l ^ f . - - . I N K F L P ) S H l ; « T "
260 LET B $ ( 2 1 ) = " RRRRRRRRRRRR ?2S IP Cxi THEN PRINT RT GX,GY;
whR " INK 3, T
270 FOR N = 1 TO 21: PRINT RT N , i .530 IF C = - l THEN PRINT RT 6X1,8
BEEP .0S,N + 15: NEXT N kh TIT OT r v i r -
230 LET y=l4-: LET x=12: LET a$= ^ 535 I F ^ C - i .THEN PRINT RT G X l , t :
290. LET gx =12 • LET gy =12: LET g "54® IF^GX=y RND GY =x THEN GO TC
gl:l£:;.LETTg«l = l l : LET C = l : LET" G x l = y flN[> THEN GO
T 0
^295 PRINT RT 0 , 1 9 ; "HI-SCORE = " ; h | 5 § ^ f t S H LET D $ ,GX,GY) :
"300 PRINT R T gx,gy; I N K 3 ; " T " LET E $ - B * ( e x i , G Y 1 ) : G O T O 3 3 0
310 P R I N T R T q x i , gy 1 , INK5;"T" 10®0 ^
r
B $ ( 14-, 1 1 ? = " U " T H E N RETUk
320 PRINT RT y , x ; INK 6 ; a $ j_ ^ _ _ __ »
330 IF INT (RND*100)=0 THEN GO ±210 PRINT RT 1 4 , 1 1 , INK 2; U :
SUB 1000 SEEP . 5 , 1 5 : I F B4(14-,11>= » TH£
340 I F INKEY$="S" THEN GO SUB 1 N LET T = T - 1
500 1O20 LET B $ ( 1 4 , 1 1 ) s U

14 • ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

 SPECTRUM CAME
1030 RETURN 7090. R ET U R N
1500 PRINT RT Y , X ; " 6 0 0 0 I F 9 y =x RND gx=y THEN LET S
1505 I F B $ ( y ( x + l ) = " . " THEN LET =S + 1 0 : L E T t =t + 1 0 . LET gy =12: LE
=X +1: GO T O 1530 T g x =12; BEEP . 0 5 , 2 0 ; BEEP . 0 5 , 1
1510 IF B i ( y , x + I ) =" " THEN LET 0: BEEP . 1 , 1 0 : GO T O 550
=X + 1 : GO T O 1530 6 0 1 0 I F g y i = x RND g x 1 =y T H E N LET
1520 IF B $ ( y , x + 1 ) = " U " THEN LET X s =s + 1 0 : LET t = t + 1 0 : LET g y 1 = 1 1 :
=x + 1 LET 9.x 1 - 1 2 : BEEP . 0 5 , 2 0 ; BEEP .
1525 IF B $ ( y , X + 1 ) = " \ " THEN LET X 0 5 , 1 0 : BEEP . 1 , 1 0 : GO T O 550
= 2 V 00 0 I F c o u n t < = 3 0 T H E N GO T O 300
1530 LET a$ = " R " 0
15*0 RETURN 9 0 0 5 L ET L I U ES = L I U E S — 1
1600 PRINT RT Y , X ; " " 9 0 1 0 PR INT" RT Y , X ; FLRSH 1 ; R $. r
1505 IF B $ ( y , x - 1 ) = " . " THEN LET OR N = S 0 T O 0 STEP —1: BEEP . 0 5 , N
- X - l GO T O 1 6 3 0 NEXT N
1610 I F B $ f y , x - 1 ) = " THEN LET X 9 0 2 0 I F l i v e s = 0 T H E N GO T O 9 5 0 0
=X-1 GO T O 1 6 3 0 9 0 3 0 GO T O 2 7 0
1615 IF B $ ( y , x — U = " 0 " THEN LET 250 0 I F HS < 5 T H E N LET HS=S
= X-1 GO T O 1 6 3 0 RP I N T RT 1 0 , 0 , " H I T RNY KEY
1620 I F B $ t y , x - 1 ) T H E N LET X TO P E S THP-T-
=£0 GO T O 1630 9 5 2 0 I F I N KEY $ = " " T H E N GO T O 9 5 2
1625 I F B $ ( y , x - 1 ) a " U " THEN LET 0
=X-1 9 5 3 0 P RP E R 1 : LET 5=0: CLS : PR?
1630 LET S$ = E P O L E T T = 1S O . LET Li v e s =3: GO
1640 RETURN TO 60
17O0 P R I N T RT Y ; X ; " "
1735 I F B$ (y - 1 , x) , " THEN LET y
=y - 1 : GO T O 1725 y Some sample screen illustrations of the program. Muncher

•
1710 I F B $ ( y - l , x ) * " 0 " THEN LET
=y - 1 : GO T O 1725 L I U E S = 3 SCOPE=0 H I - S C O R E = 0
1720 I F B $ Cy - 1 , x ) =" *' T H E N LET M
=y - 1

GO
1 7 2 5 i_ET a $ = " O "
1730 RETURN
160© P R I N T RT y , x ; " "

?:n
1605 I F B $ ( y + l , . x ) = " . " THEN LET *
j .
=y + 1 : GO T O 1 8 2 5 i
1610 IF
=y + 1 :
B $ ( y + 1 , X ) = " 0 "
GO T O 1 8 2 5
THEN LET <
—.'LI
—•. u
1615 IF B $ ( y + l , X ) = " " THEN LET » = 1
=y +1 1 1 - - . . \j
1625 LET a $ = " 5 "
1630 RETURN L. J . (\
2000 LET C = - l
£010 LET B $ t Y , X ) = " "
1:>!
J, U i
, . . < . , 1t
. > = ^
2020 PRINT RT Y , X ; R $ » • • t * r t f • • » i • * i » i
*0 *<
2030 LET T = T + 1P
2 0 4 - 0 LET" C O U N T = 0 i » » » I * i • • * Si hf?t I 1

2050 RETURN \, t,c

p " *
4 I
v ;
"••
3000 I F V >D T H E N LET D=P+G i • •*•»• —
. .1
3010 IF X >F T H E N LET F=F+H
3020 I F X <F T H E N LET F=F -H
3030 IF Y<D THEN LET D=D-G
304-0 RETURN
4.010 L E T D-GX: LET F=GY: RETURN LI'JE5=2 SCORE = 1 3 7 HI-SCORE = 10
4020 LET D=GX1: LET F=GV1

or
4030 RETURN
5000 CLS : PRINT RT 1 0 , 3 1 ; " O "
5 0 1 0 FOR N = 1 T O 27
5320 PRINT RT 10. N , INK ^ /
INK 7; " R "
5030 BEEP . 0 5 , N : NEXT N
504-0 FOR N = 2 7 TO 1 STEP - 1 : P R I N ' -J; I < >
T RT 1 0 , N ,
LRSH 0, INK
FLRSH 1;
7; " P *'
INK 4-; " T " ; F — r I•' <—,|
5050 BEEP . 0 5 , N : NEXT N 11 r IJ- Il
5060 LET T = T + 1 8 0
5 0 7 0 GO T O 60 L—J. j
6010 LET
6020 LET
GX=P:
GX1=D:
LET
LET
GY=F:
GY1=F:
RETURN
RETUR
1• 0
!•. .A i

N
7 0 0 0 > PR TNT RT 0 , 1 2 ; "CHOHPER";TRB n . c f-:U cmi
11; " » (
701O PRINT RT 9,0,"RRRRRRRRRRRRP U c
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRnfi"
702© PRINT RT 1 1 , 3 ; " S E L E C T S K I L L
LEUEL (1-5)
7C30 PRINT TRB 7 ; " ( 5 i s the e a s i A breakdown of the user-defined graphics used in the program and
e?s t ) " to which graphics key they are assigned.
; 040 P R I N T RT 1 4-, 0 , " R R R R R R R R R R R R r e = _ c=— o =7 e - r F=C G-I> H=J
PhPHRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR"
7060 LET a =CODE INKEY$-4-9
I =L J = ! K=n L =U M =| N=j I O=• P = >
7070 IF a > 5 OR a <0 T H E N GO T O 7C
60 O - v R=< S=A T=ft U - A
7060 LET a = a +1: LET a = a / 1 0

ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1 9 8 3
weather
Z X 8 1 DOMESTIC

report
See if you can predict
the next bout of stormy
weather with this
excellent program
written for us by
Cathryn Corns of Enfield.

'Hi"-
*
*** ** * W
* *E*A*T*
H*ER
* * *RE
*C*O
*R*D
*S* * ** *
***
''•7/Mt.y
7 V i m w ' w . ' t
This program will plot o u t proved particularly useful w h e n
histograms of weather data Children use the program. There \ ** MAXIMUM TEMPERATURES
O C T O B E R
**
maximum temperature, is also a facility provided t o
minimum temperature, humi- allow for printing out of data
dity, barometric pressure, previously entered. This routine
hours of sun and inches of rain, allows several copies of t h e
for any calendar month. You do data t o be printed o u t as
not need t o collect the data required, and allows monthly
yourself — most daily papers records to be stored on tape, re-
carry at least some of the infor- LOADed and used as needed. If

I
mation. this facility is t o be used, the
The program has proved program should be started by
useful at home and in t h e entering GOTO 1. not RUN, as
classroom. T h e built-in error the latter will clear the stored
correction routine allows variables.
wrongly entered results t o be Here follows a brief
c o r r e c t e d s i m p l y ; this has breakdown of the program:

Lines Description
1 999 Set up the variables and operating instructions.
1000 Draws the axes for the graphs.
2000 Deals w i t h m a x i m u m temperatures in degrees C. ** MINIMUM TEMPERATURE ^ * *
OCTOBER
3000 Deals w i t h minimum temperatures in degrees C.
4000 Deals w i t h percent humidity.
5000 Deals w i t h pressure in millibars.
6000
7000
Deals w i t h hours of sun.
Deals w i t h inches of rain.
P
8000 Routine for printing out stored data.
9000 Error correction routine.

Singing in the rain The values set have been used

The range of allowed values for
the different parameters can be
altered by changing the calcula
tions in the following lines:
2 2 2 0 M a x i m u m temperature.
3 2 2 0 Minimum temperature.
4 2 1 0 Humidity.
5 2 1 0 Pressure.
6 2 1 0 Sun.
7 2 1 0 Rain.
for a year in London and found
t o be satisfactory, but in other
areas changes may be needed,
for example, to the rainfall; this
range can be altered to 0 — 2
inches by changing the ' 4 0 ' in
line 7 2 1 0 to 2 0 .
If the data for any particular
day is missing entering ' - 1 0 0 '
will cause that data t o be left Examples of the output of this program the minimum and
blank in the final plot. maximum temperatures for one month.

16 • ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

 Z X 8 1 DOMESTIC

4- PRINT TAB 6; "J 330 IF IHK£Y$="6" " H E N G O T O 7 0 0

& L P R I N T T H E 3 ; " * * * * * * * * * * * * * 34-0 I F _ I N K E Y $ = " 7 " T H E N GCTQ 49 9

I9? ST OP
+.*f.<r * * * * * * '* 500 PRINT
6 LPRINT TRB 3 ; - * * * UERTHcR R S10 PRINT . . " I F YOU ENTER R URO
ECORDS * * * "
10 L P R I N T T R B 3 ; " * * * * * * * * * * * * *
"*IG V*RLUE . "
52 0 P R I N T "ENTER FOR THE N
12 L P R I N T 3XT URLUE."
14. L P R I N T 5 3 0 RET" URN
16 P R I N T , . " D O Y O UU I S H T O " 1 0 0 0 REM"TO P R I N T RXES
17 P R I N T .. .. " ( R ) E N T E R N E U D R T R 1 0 1 0 CL S
ll 1 3 2 0 FOR U=0 TO 2 1
18 P R I N T , . " ( B ) T O P R I N T O U T D 1030 PRINT R T "
=TFL S T O R E D " ^ v:* NEXT -J
19 P R I N T . , " E N T E R R O R 5 " 1050 FOR U=0 TO 3 1
2 0 I F I N K E Y * = T H E N G O T O 2 0 1 0 S 0 P R I N T P.T
P.T 2 1 . W; . "*W "
2 2 I F I N K E Y $ - " R " T H E N G O T O 3 0 13 . 0 NC XT T J
24. I P I N K E Y $ =" B " T H E N G O T O 3 O 0 10 6 0 RETURN
3 230.0 REM MRX . TEMRERRTURES
2 5 P R I N T " E N T E R R O R 3 -T005 LPRINT
2 5 GOTO 2 0 2006 LPRINT
3 0 D I M T ! 3 1 ) 2010 CLS
D-0 D I M P ( 3 1 ) 2015 LET LINE=1000
SO D I M S ( 3 1 )
2020 : PRINT RT "MflXIHUM TEHPE
6 0 D I M R ( 3 1 >
p pj"j"LR E 3 ' *
7 0 D I M H *3 1 I
3 0 D I M H ( 3 1 )
2030 PRINT RT 5 . 0 ; " I UILL PRINT
SS C L£
OUT THE DATES ." . "YOU ENTER THE M
9 0 P R I N T
RXIMUM"."TEMPERRTURE - "
204-0 PRINT RT 9 . 0j "RANGE RLLOUED
- 6 TO 32"
2 0 4-E GOSLtB 500
2050 FOR 1=1 TO DRYS
2055 SCROLL
2060 PRINT I .
2070 INPUT T ( I J
2075 I F T £ I ) = - 9 9 9 THEN GOTO 90B0
2060 PRINT TRB 6 ; T ( I ) . ; T R B 11; "DE
GREES C"
209S NEXT I
2100 GOSUE 1000
2110 PRINT RT 1 7 . e ; " K " . f i T 12.0;"
2" : RT 7 . 0 , " B " ; R T 2 . 0 ; "E"
2200 FOR 1=2 TO fDRYSiS) STEP 2
2210 FOR J = T ( I / 2 ) TO -& STEP - 1
2229 PLOT I . U + S
22 30 NEXT J
224-0 NEXT I
1 0 0 P R I N T " U H L C H M O N T H ? 2250 PRINT RT 0 , 3 ; " * * MRXIMUM TE
1 1 0 INPLRT M $ MPERRTURE3 * * "
1 2 0 P R I N T M S 2260 PRINT RT \fMONTH;M$
1 2 2 L E T M O N T H = L E N M S 2260 COPY
12 A L E T M O N T H = 3 2 - M O N T H 2290 I F MRRK = 1 THEN GOTO 6020
1 2 6 L E T M O N T H = M O N T H J 2 2300 GOTO 175
130 PRINT 3000 REM MINIMUM TEMPERRTURE
14.0 PRINT "HOU MR NY DAYS? 3005 LPRINT
1S0 INPUT DRY'S 3005 LPRINT
160 PRINT DRY3 "^010 CLS
170 PRINT 3015 LET LINE=2300
176 CL S 3020 PRINT RT 4 . 3 . " M I N I M U M TEMPE
189 PRINT U H R T T Y P E O F D R T R ? RRTURES"
3030 PRINT RT 5 . 0 : " I UILL PRINT
it •
/
1 9 0 P R I N T OUT THE DRTES, " . "YOU ENTER THE M
2 0 0 P R I N T TFIE! 5 ; " 1 M F I X I H U H T E H INIMUM", TEMPERRTURE - "
= E R R T U R E 354 0 PRINT RT S.fi; "RRNG'E RLLOUED
2 1 © P R I N T E 5., " 2 MINIMUM T E H -10 TC- 25"
? E R R T U R E " J045 GOSUB 50G
2 2 0 P R I N T P C
HUMIDITY" 3050 FOR 1=1 TO DRYS
2 3 0 P R I N T T R E 5 PRESSURE" 3055 SCROLL
2 <5-0 P R I N T TRIE 3 SUH" 3060 PRINT I;
2 5 0 P R I N T T R B 3 " 6 ri
r- —•»i ..f v. i . 3070 INPUT M C I )
2 S S P R I N T T R G E N D " 3075 I F M £ I> - - 9 9 9 THEN GOTO 9000
2 6 0 P R I N T " E N T E R T H I R P P R O P R I . R T 3060 PRINT TRB 6 ; M ( I ) ; T R E 11;"DE
= N U M B E R " 3REE3 C"
270 IF INKEY4= THEN GOT G 270 3-350 J EXT I
260 IF INKEYS= *• 1 THEN GOT O 200 3100 IOSUB 10 00
•35 3110 •RINT RT 15 . 0; " 8 " ; RT 5 , 0 ;
290 IF INKEY $ = " 2 " THEN GOTO 300 " ; RT o .0 ; " f 9 "
3200 OR 1=2 TO I DRYS *2i STEP 2
300 IF INKEY$ = "3" THEN GOTO 4-00 3210 OR J = H t I / 2 J TO - 1 0 STEP - 1
•3 3220
310 IF INKEY== ••A" THEN GOTO 500 3230
wrn 324-0
m
320 IF INKEY5= "5 " THEN GOTO 600 3250
: -1?ERRTURE5 **

ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

 ZX81 DOMESTIC
326© PRINT RT 1. MONTH; M$ 5045 GOSUB 500
32SO COPY 5 3 5 0 F O R 1 = 1 T O DAYS
3298 I F MfiRK=1 THEN GOTO 6050 S 0 5 5 SCROLL
3303 GOTO I T ' S 506P PRINT I ;
i3G0 REM HUMIDITY 5 0 7 0 INPUT S C I )
i30S LPRINT 5 0 7 5 I F 5 ( 1 ) = - 9 9 9 THEN GOTO 9 0 0 0
•9^5 LPRINT 6 0 6 0 P R I N T T A B6 , 5 ( I ) ; T A B 1 1 ; " H O
URS"
L-310 CL5
4015 LET LIKE =3030 5090 NEXT I
PRINT RT 4. , 19; "HUMIDITY" 5100 GOSUB 1000
4336 PRINT RT 5 . 0 ; ' " I U ILL. PRINT SI10 PRINT AT 1 6 . 0 ; " 0 " ; A T 11,0;"
OUT THE DATES . " , "YG'J ENTER THE H 6200 FOR 1 = 2 TO (DAYS *2) STEP 2
UMIDITY - "
4 s40 PR i NT rrr 9 . ©.-s" RANGE RLL OUE D S210 FOR J = 5 £1/2) t 2 . 5 t l TO 1 . 5 S
30 T0 100 PERCENT" TEP - 1
i-045 GOSL'B 500 5220 PLOT I . U
4050 FOR 1=1 TO DSYS 5230 NEXT U
4055 SCROLL 5240 NEXT I
4060 p r i n t I; 5300 PRINT AT 0 , 7 . ; " * * HOURS OF 5
4O?0 INPUT H ( I ) 6310 *PRINT AT 1.MONTH; M$
<1.375 I F H f.Ii = - 3 9 3 THEN GOTO 3G03 5320 COPY
4-060 PRINT TAB 6 ; H ! I ) ;TRF- 11; "PE 5330 IF MRRK=1 THEN GOTO 6140
RCENT" 5340 GOTO 175
C-0-90 HE XT 3 7E.C0 REM RRIN
4-100 GOSUB 1000 7005 LPRINT
4110 PRINT AT 0 . 0 ; " B * ; R T 6 . 0 ; " B " 7006 LPRINT
; RT 1 2 , 0 ; E J " ; AT 1 7 . 0 ; " n " 701© CLS
42©0 FOR I = £ TO (DR Y 5 f 2 ) STEP 2 7015 LET LINE=6000
4210 FOR u U -=HHt ( 1 I/ /22) ) / 1 . 8 - 1 4 TO 1 . 5 7Q20 PR INT RT 4.12.: "RAIN"
STEP - 1 7030 PRINT RT 5 . 0 ; " I UILL PRINT
4220 PLOT I . * OUT THE DATES,","YOU ENTER THE I
4230 NEXT U NCHE5 OF RAIN - "
4 24 0 NEXT I 7040 PRINT AT 9.0;"RANGE ALLOUED
4300 PRINT R"1 0 , 9 ; " t * HUMID ITY 0 TO 1 INCH"
if " 7045 GOSUB 50O
4310 PRINT RT 1.. MONTH, M$ 7050 FOR 1=1 TO DAYS
4320 COPY 7055 SCROLL
4330 I F MARK — 1THEN GOTO ©030 7060 PRINT I ;
434-0 GOTO 2 75 7070 INPUT R f l )
50 00 REM PRESSURE 7075 I F R ( I ) = —999 THEN GOTO 9000
S00S LPRINT 7030 PRINT TAB 6;RCI);TAB 1 1 : " I N
T- 0 & LPRINT CHES"
3S1 3 CLS 7090 NEXT I
3 0 1 3 LET LINE -.4002 7100 GOSUB 1000 „
5020 PRINT RT 4 1 0 " P R E S S U R E " 7110 PRINT RT 0.0;"ft?";AT 2 0 , 0 , " K
3030 PRINT RT 5 0 . ' I U I L L P R I i r
OUT THE C'RTES 'U E N T E R THE 7200 FOR 1=2 TO (DAYS*2> STEP 2
RESSURE - " 7210 FOR U=R £ I / 2 ) *4D + 1 . 3 TO 1 . 5
5040 PRINT AT 9 0 . RANGE 355 TC- STEP - 1
1050 MILLI5RRS" 722 0 PLOT I . J
5045 SOSU5 500 "230 NEXT J
33SD FOR 1 = 1 TO D A Y S - £ 4 3 NEXT I
3 S 5 5 SCROLL 7300 PRINT AT 0 . 6 ; " * * INCHES OF
5050 PRINT I. RAIN * * "
50-70 INPUT P(r> 75 10 PRINT RT 1.MONTH;M4
5075 I F P d i r - 9 9 rHEN GOTO 9300 7320 COPY
S 0 6 0 p r i n t ta& s { I ) ; TAB 1 2 , " M 7330 I F MARK = 11 THEN GOTO 6170
ILLIBARS" 7340 GOTO 175
5093 NEXT 600© REM TO PRINT OUT DATA ALRER
5100 GOSL.'B 1000 DY STORED
5110 PRINT AT 10 , 0 ; " 6 5 - AT S .. O; " E 3005 LET MARK = 1
" AT 1 4 , 0 : " B " 3010 GOTO 2100
5200 FOR 1=2 TO {DAYS *2> C . T £ p 2 3020 LPRINT
5210 FOR J = R ( I / 2 ) / 2 . 3 5 - 4 S 4 1. 3030 LPRINT
T3 S EP - 1 3040 GOTO 3100
3220 PLOT I . U 3050 LPRINT
5 2 3 0 NEXT U 305© LPRINT
5240 NEXT I 3070 GOTO 4 100
53O0 PRINT AT 0 . 9 ; " * * PRESSURE * 3060 LPRINT
* '* 3090 LPRINT
5310 p r i n t A 1, MONTH.: m$ 3100 GOTO 5100
5320 COPY =5110 LPRINT
5330 IF MARK = 1 THEN GOTO 6113 3120 LPRINT
5340 GOTO 175 3130 GOTO 5100
5 140 LPRINT
5000 REM SUN 3150 LPRINT
5005 LPRINT 3160 GOTO 7100
5006 LPRINT 3170 STOP
3010 CLS 9000 REM ERROR CORRECTION
5015 LET LINE=5000 9010 IF I < = 3 THEN LET 1=1
S02G PRINT AT 4.12;"SUN" 9020 I F I > 3 THEN LET 1=1-3
6030 PRINT AT 5 . 0 ; " I UILL PRINT • 0 3 3 SCROLL
OUT THE DATES" , "YOU ENTER THE H 3B40 PRINT "RE-ENTER FROM HERE -
OURS OF SUN - "
6040 PRINT AT 9,0,"RANGE ALLOUED 905© SCROLL
0 TO 15 HOURS" 3060 GOTO 1055+LINE

18 ZX COMPUTING JUNEyJULY 1983

 j- — : - .
1 M*.f wm the origna' keyboard is dean 2 Ihe Buttonsd is held «i place 3 So all you do is remove the J And twt e it c enttjHy on your ZX81
jng (heel that f The «eys functiori by lelt adhesive pads protec IK tMCling
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•
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983
Twelve on
SOFTWARE REVIEWS
move d o w n the tunnel at one of
the selected speeds, you can
see a cross in the centre of the

trial
screen. It is possible to change
your relationship to the tunnel
via a joystick or various sets of
keys on the keyboard. The idea
of the game is to get to the
other end of the tunnel by kill-
ing off or avoiding the strange
creatures, as well as trying to
keep within the tunnel.
The instructions are good

Our reviewer,
though a little more about the
different key configurations
would have helped. The initial
k e y b o a r d l a y o u t is very

James Walsh,
a w k w a r d as it seems to think
that you are better at imagining
a joystick than seeing your
fingers on the keys.

takes a look at
The game itself is a breath of
fresh air to me; it is not based
around space, is original, and
uses the graphics capabilities of

twelve new soft-

the Spectrum to the full. The
detail of the bats, rats and frogs
which come at you is incredible
— it is hard to believe that it is a

ware packages for

Spectrum being used. If you
have a 4 8 K machine, you also
have the task of having to avoid
a London Underground train -

the zx spectrum.
the graphics are amazing.
There are three levels of
play, from slow to fast, and the
option of demonstration and

Do they come up
practice runs at particular
w a v e s of a t t a c k e r s . The
graphics are so good that I
could have just sat and watch-

to scratch?
ed the demo for an hour. This is
very professionally put together
and a game that I would recom-
mend to anyone.

In this review I shall be looking Abacus Games

at a range of games from the
fast action games of the arcade
to the gripping tension of
adventure games. They range
from the graphically amazing to
the graphically poor. It has also
become painfully obvious just
how misleading the packaging
of a cassette can be.
Because each cassette is
separate they shall be treated
as such, in that a sub-review
will be done of each, w i t h a
Summary chart and conclusion
at the end.
3D Tunnel
— New Generation
Software
This program comes from the
author of the block-busting
ZX81 games 3D Monster Maze
and Defender, and this quality
is reflected in 3D Tunnel. To set
the scene: you are in a long
winding tunnel infested by
bats, rats and spiders, and even
a London underground train
(48K version only). As you
Pack 2
- Abacus
There are four games on this
cassette: Nine Lives, Bulls
Tables, Candyman and Target.
It is a mixed bag in more than
one sense.
Nine Lives is a cat and
mouse game, in which you
must catch as many of the sta-
tionary mice as you can whilst
evading the dog (who will eat
you I but save the mice by car-
rying them to safety. Though
the principal is simple, it is
original and fun to play. The
graphics are not quite crowd-
stopping but are good; this is
quite a good games pack type
game.
The second program is call-
ed Bulls Tables in which you
must answer ten sums of selec-
table type (addition, subtrac-
tion, multiplication and divi-
sion), and difficulty, otherwise
the bull will escape from his
field and eat you. The graphics
are very good w i t h a little man
running around the screen pick-

20 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

53

ing up and depositing numbers.
The idea of having an angry bull
trying to get out is, educational-
ly, very good, as it keeps people
lyes, people not just kids) in-
terested. Unfortunately, this is
typical example of it being more
fun, graphically, to lose than
win, as the bull runs around the
screen and eats your numbers.
Apart from this last point it is a
good game.
Candyman is a game for t w o
players playing separately, in
which each player must run
from the lower platform to the
top without being hit by a piece
of psychedelic scaffolding; if
successful then you have to get
your next man up. Again this
game is original and often quite
difficult (it is probably the best
on the tape) t h o u g h t h e
graphics are a little disappoin-
ting. It is definitely fun and
more addictive than m a n y
'games pack' games.
Finally, there is Target,
which deserves last place, as it
is very predictably a game of
shooting the ducks, etc, as
they go across the top of the
screen. The graphics are quite
good but the rifle is so far away
that absolutely no skill is possi-
ble.
Overall, this games pack is
good but not the best. It is fun
but it is not all particularly well-
written. Bulls Tables is the odd
one out in as much as it should
be on an educational pack.
However, quite a fun set of pro-
grams.
Horace Goes
Skiing
- Sinclair
Research/
Psion
It looks rather as if Uncle Clive
is taking Horace as a sort of
semi-mascot, as this is the se-
cond in the series of programs
in which he has starred.
In the first part. Horace must
cross the road and buy his skies
without getting run over by the
on surge of traffic. He then
pays $ 10 for a pair of skiis (yes
dollars, what have they got
against the pound sterling?).
Horace then re-crosses the
road, and if he is still alive, a ski-
ing game commences.
The graphics all the w a y
through are excellent. Though
both these have been done
before separately, never before
have the graphics been so good
on one tape. Because they have
managed to bring extra life and
enjoyment into these games,
they must be the best represen-
tations of either on a low-
budget computer. Using the
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983 21
SOFTWARE REVIEWS
t w o games in conjunction pro-
duces one of the most addictive
Rescue k n o w n game. Star Trek, which
is in many w a y s the thinking
p a c k a g e s I h a v e y e t en- — Computer person's Space Invaders,
countered. Rentals Limited though I do not mean to
Horace Goes Skiing denigrate all those millions of
definitely helps set the new Rescue by D. Barker is another Space Invader fans. It is true
higher standard for Sinclair adventure type game. It is a lit- that th idea of the 'Star Trek'
distributed software. tle different, in that a limited g a m e has b e c o m e rather
amount of graphics are used. uninspired lately because of the
Tobor The object is to get from the in-
ner ring t o the outer ring and
rather poor quality of many of
t h e Z X 8 1 versions. Thankfully,
— Elfin then to the castle where you this trend has come to an
Software make a daring rescue and then abrupt end w i t h the announce-
escape back to base. ment of this new Spectrum ver-
Graphics are used w h e n sion. ZX Trek is a real-time
todo
you look at a map of where you game so no dozing off at the
are. Also if you find the radio console. I am pleased to say
then you are able to find out that the documentation is long
where the enemy are. and thorough, and it needs to
However, if y o u arrive at a bet
place occupied by the enemy Your task is to free the
and you do not have a gun or a galaxy of the enemy. Sounds
uniform, then you are easy? Well, it sure ain't. You
automatically dead, which are situated in endless space.
seems a shame really. The Your o w n galaxy occupies 1 0 0
game is real-time, hence the quadrants within this space. A
enemy will move even if you w h o l e galaxy may sound
don't. cushy, but not w i t h up to 7 0
The instructions are pretty Klingons, 2 , 0 0 0 stars and just
long so they have to be put on a a handful of bases. You have
separate program. This is rather full control of your craft w i t h its
annoying because there is no advanced computers and its
instruction form or leaflet, so if repair crew. If y o u are attacked
y o u forget something then then the amount of damage
there is no easy way of looking sustained is proportional to the
You are in a maze protected by it up whilst playing the game. strength of the shields. The on-
robots. The aim is t o destroy Quite a good game, if y o u like board computer gives you a full
these either by shooting them that sort of thing. By the w a y , report on the effectiveness of
or causing them to collide and the packaging is nice. all your equipment. Unfor-
hence d e s t r o y t h e m s e l v e s . tunately, if the ship's o w n com-
They continuously change col- puter gets damaged then this
our and depending on this, your z x Trek information may not be totally
score is calculated. If a robot — impact a c c u r a t e . Your o w n c r e w
goes green then it is indestruc-
table until it changes again, so
Software undertake repairs on any part of
the ship, though if y o u can get
it is a good idea to keep out of to a starbase then the repair
its w a y . W h e n one lot of robots
Peter Lovett has written a new
advanced version of the well- can be carried out around four
have been destroyed then a
new maze and robots are
created. If y o u are killed, a
small tombstone is built, and
another of your three lives is
lost. Tobor can also be used as
a t w o player game, in which the
players take it in turn to try their
skill against the robots.
Though the principal is
pretty straightforward, the
graphics are good and the w a y
in w h i c h the game has been put
together is good and very pro-
fessional indeed. It is definitely
a program that I would recom-
mend.
As far as I k n o w . Elfin Soft-
ware have not been in ex-
istence for long, though they
have a good range of Spectrum
programs, including: 3D Star-
wars, Checkman, 3D Game
Hunt, Pilot and Pack Man. 1
very m u c h look forward to
receiving these titles as, if they
come up to the high standard of
Tobor, then they too should be
very good value for money. My
only grievance w o u l d be that
the instructions were rather
limited.

times faster. You have full use
of torpedos and phasers, and if
by any chance you run out of
Dilithium Crystals you can land
on a star and search for
replacements.
The display makes good
use of colour for representation
of status which brightens up
the display tremendously. The
option of additional sound ef-
fects is also provided so that
conditions of danger are more
obvious.
This is a game which one
could carry on playing for
hours. I had limited success on
level three and dread to think
what might happen on the
highest of the ten levels, level
9!!! If you are interested in a
game in which chance is not
the only factor and which you
will be able to piay again and
again w i t h o u t c o m i n g up
against the same cir-
cumstances, then ZX Trek
should suit you. I do feel that
ZX Trek will find its way into
many a home, as it is by far the
best version I have seen so far.
By the way. I liked the in-
troductory screen, nothing to
do w i t h 'Star T r e k ' , but
definitely stunning.
Cruising On
Broadway
— Solarsoft
The idea of Cruising is to get
round a course, which is a
single pixel line, without being
caught by the computer's
opposition car. The inital course
is a double figure of eight,
whilst the subsequent courses,
which you get onto once the
previous one has been
c o m p l e t e d , are far more
random (there are four in all).
I n i t i a l l y , t h e g a m e is
disappointing with only
coloured squares as cars and a
single line as the track. Also,
you only have one life per
game; therefore, the game can
be rather short. If you get past
22
SOFTWARE REVIEWS
the lack of initial impact you
should find yourself enjoying
this simple game. This game is
good in its addictive quality, but
lacks the substance really to be
sold on its own. If there were
t w o games of equivalent stan-
dard to this on the tape, then it
would be better value. Apart
from this, you can not take
away the fact that it is quite
definitely fun to play.
Crazy Ballons
— A & F Software
The idea of Crazy Balloons is to
negotiate a hot air balloon
around the course shown on
the screen, if you manage this
then the course is made harder
by the addition of moving
blocks. If you get further still
then the blocks appear random-
ly over the screen trying to
cause you to crash. At certain
points along the course there
are short cuts for which you get
extra points, but they are often
near impossible to negotiate.
There is a set number of points
for completing a course and a
time bonus depending on
speed.
Though the idea of the
game may seem simple, it is far
from easy to play. It is also
highly addictive. Unfortunately
it does not quite have the
substance to stand up for itself
on a cassette.
A good original game
which is fun but which does
not, on its own, stand up to
some of the better software
looked at in this review so far.
DO Not Pass GO
— workforce
Do Not Pass Go is a computer
implementation of the popular
board game. Monopoly. All the
facilities (except for knocking
off the opposition's houses) are
available for between t w o and
six players. The main disap-
pointment for me was that the
computer itself does not play.
Surely this would not been too
difficult!
As it is. Do Not Pass Go is
really only an alternative to the
usual card and plastic pieces.
The screen itseif is rather
cramped — too much has been
put into a small space; perhaps
they should have used more of
the screen. Also, no actual in-
dication on the board is given of
where you are — it is necessary
to fathom it out from a printed
number which corresponds to a
square. Though, in some ways
this program has been well
done, the programmer has
made it rather limited and has
made some crucial mistakes in
presentation. If, via the com-
puter, it was possible to play
Monoploy on your o w n then
this could be a winner.
I am also disappointed in
this program when I look at the
various other pieces of soft-
ware they have on the market,
for example. Base Invaders and
High Noon, which are probably
the best versions of their
respective games for the Spec-
trum. They both use High-Res
and colour to its full, and are
fast.
Personally, having played
Base Invaders and particularly
High Noon quite extensively, I
can happily recommend them
as excellent examples of pro-
fessionally produced games.
But for Do Not Pass Go. I can
only say buy it if you have not
got the board game, or you real-
ly like the idea of using the
computer and are struck by the
idea of playing Monopoly.
Cosmos
— Abbex
Abbex came into the market
back in October of last year
with t w o Spectrum games pro-
grams. We are yet (April) to see
anything new from them which
seems to suggest that the
original games are of excep-
tional quality. Of the t w o ,
Spookyman and Cosmos, the
only one that really caught my
eye was Cosmos (surely the
world has seen enough 'Pac-
man' copies by now!).
The scenario of the game is
as follows: you are in charge of
a fleet of ships which must be
p r o t e c t e d f r o m successive
waves of aliens and from
meteorites which just happen
to come along. Each time either
a metorite or an alien hits a ship
in the fleet it is destroyed, if
you manage to destroy the total
population of aliens within a
quadrant of the fleet then
another wave will appear ir.
greater numbers, and the fleet
will be regenerated.
Graphically the game is
very good and highly addictive.
The only niggles that I have are
that I would have liked different
space ships for each wave and
secondly, your movements
around the quadrant could be
smoother. Even taking these in-
to account, it is a very well-
assembled game, which is just
different enough to interest so-
meone w h o has already seen
many other space games and
become addicted. Recommend-
ed.
P.S.E. Games Tape
3 — P.S.E.
On this tape are three games
written by Steve McCarthy,
some of which are up-grades of
Z X 8 1 games, whilst others are
new. The game are as follows:
3 D Noughts and Crosses,
Towers of Brahm, Wipe-out
and the flag ship of the pack,
Astro-Wars.
3D OXO is an obvious
game in which there is a four by
four by four matrix in which it is
necessary to get four in a row in
any direction to coin. The only
problem being that the layers
are separated for display which
takes away some of the effect.
The computer itself is a pretty
formidable opponent. Quite a
well-presented thinking per-
son's game.
Secondly, comes Towers
of Brahm, the age old problem
of getting five discs of ascen-
ding size from pin one to pin
three. Though the principle is
simple, the game is fast and
colourful. This is an enjoyable
game to play which is more ad-
dictive than you might at first
expect. User-defined graphics
could have been better used;
this should not have slowed
things d o w n much if at all.
Wipe-Out is the final game
on side A. The title seems to
suggest that it may in some
way be related to the hoards of
space invader 'zap-zap' games,
but far from it. This is a two
player game, again putting an
emphasis on thought. The com-
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983
-

SOFTWARE REVIEWS
puter draws a matrix board
with its centre and corners
Mines Of market, though recently the
standard of the best has
routine is very poor and slow —
another thing that you should
made up of squares Xs and Os Saturn/Return To improved fantastically with the not get on the Spectrum. If you
at the edges, and a grid Earth launch of The Hobbit. For this lose then it is necessary to type
reference system around it. The
first symbol of each game to be
— MikroCen reason, it is very important that
if you want to market an
GOTO 1 to re-start, surely a
'Do you want another game?'
"wiped out' must be a square. adventure, that it must be very routine would not have strained
Each successive grid reference good to stand any chance of the programmer too much.
thereafter specified must be im- success. It is also important to Basically, the quality of
mediately adjacent to the one use some if not all machine this game does not even come
previously 'wiped out' by either code and a 48K machine to up to that of the better ZX81
player. The object is to wipe out make the possible permutations adventures. Definitely not one
as many of either Xs or Os large enough to make the game that I could recommend.
depending on which side you interesting.
are on. This game is far from
simple, though it would be
The plots in both Mines of Summary
Saturn and Return to Earth are
greatly improved if it was possi- very predictable. Neither of By looking at the summary
ble to play the computer. them use any graphics at all in table you will be able to see
Graphics are used very sparing- the games themselves which how these programs compare,
ly on this, but it is fun if you are seems a pity considering that and how we are still in a situa-
into thinking games. y o u are d e a l i n g w i t h a tion where there is little ex-
Finally, on side B we come computer with excellent cellence. I must commend both
to Astro-Wars w h i c h is a potential. They are both for New Generation as well as
complete departure from side A 16K machines though only take Sinclair Research for working to
in that it is a fast action, arcade up 7K out of the 9K available. set new high standards of soft-
game. It is an all machine code The vocabulary is very small, as ware.
game in three stages based on is the number of possibilities. It Quality is definitely going
the films 'Star Wars' and 'Em- There has always been a heavy is very easy to get killed as you up at an incredible rate, but
pire Strikes Back'. The overall presence of adventure games have no way at all to fight back. some companies are being left
object being to score as many on the Z X 8 1 and Spectrum The sentence interpretation behind.
points as possible, but other ob-
jectives and hazards are
generated on the way. In stage
SUMMARY CHART
one you are looking out of your
ship and into space and enemy Product Name Price Memory Documentation Addictive Use of Programming Valu
aircraft are moving onto and (£) required quality graphics achievement
around the screen. It is possible
to destroy them via missiles Crazy Balloons 5 . 7 5 16K 3 3/2 3 3 3
and a sight which moves about 4 4 4 4
Cosmos 4 . 9 5 16K 3
the screen. A discrepancy
which is noticeable pretty Tobor 7 , 9 5 48K 3 4 3Vi 3V4 3Vi
quickly is the fact that the rays Horace Goes 4Vi 414
5 . 9 5 16K 4 4% 5
of the missiles seem to go from Skiing
the target to you, the ship, Rescue 5 . 9 5 48K 3 3 3 3 3
rather than vice versa. Whether Cruising on
or not you survive this, you are 4 . 9 5 16K 3 4 3 2Vi 3 Vi
Broadway
thrust into a long 3D tunnel in
ZX Trek 6 . 5 0 48K 5 4)4 3'/i 4 4 Vi
which missiles and other ob-
jects are projected at you in a Mines of Saturn
2D plane at the far end. Your 5 . 9 5 16K 2Vi 2 0 2 Vi IVz
/Return to Earth
task is to survive for six
minutes until the Death Star
comes into sight, at which time PSE Games 4 3 Vi
4 . 9 5 16K 4 3'/j 3
you must try to destroy it. Tape 3
Again, even if you fail on this Do Not Pass Go 4 . 9 5 48K 5 4 3Vi 3 3 Vi
stage you move onto the final Abacus Games
stage, in w h i c h I m p e r i a l 4 . 9 5 16K 3 Vi 4 4 2 4 3 Vi
Pack 2
Walkers are coming at you in 4 5 5 5
3D Tunnel 5 . 9 5 16/48K 5
30 and enemy aircraft are in
the distance. They are both fir-
ing at you, which makes life Product Name Supplier
very difficult indeed! Crazy Balloons A&F Software, 8 3 0 Hyde Road, Manchester, M 1 8 7JD.
Overall, this game is easily Cosmos Abbex Electronics Ltd, 2 0 Ashley Court, Great Northway, London NW5.
the best on this package. The Tobor Elfin Software, Hudson House, Battery Road. Great Yarmouth, NR30 3NN.
games are good but not ex- Horace Goes Skiing Sinclair Research Ltd, Freepost, Camberley, Surrey.
cellent separately, t h o u g h
Astro-Wars is quite well- Rescue Computer Rentals Ltd, 1 4 0 Whitechapel Road, London E1.
written. The documentation is Cruising on Broadway Sunshine Books. 19 Whitcomb Street, London WC2 7HF.
very good and as a pack of four ZX Trek Impact Software, 7 0 Redford Avenue, Edinburough, EH 13 OBW.
programs it is very good value Mines of Saturn/
indeed. I would recommend
Return To Earth MikroGen, 2 4 Agar Crescent, Bracknell, Berkshire.
you to look out for any new
stuff written by Steve McCar- P.S.E. Games Tape ' 3 ' P.S.E., 2 0 Shelton Avenue, Newark, Notts.
thy and Precision Engineering, Do Not Pass Go Work Force, 1 4 0 Wilsden Avenue, Luton, Beds.
as the quality is definitely im- Abacus Games Pack Abacus, 1 8 6 St. Helens Avenue, Swansea, W. Glamorgan,
proving at a fantastic rate. This
3D Tunnel New Generation Software, FREEPOST (BS3433), Oldland Common,
tape can be recommended as
good value for money. Bristol, BS1 5 6BR.

ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983 23

 New from . . .
Battle of Britain
A strategic Wargame for the 48K Spectrum
One day m summer 1940 Reports are coming in of enemy bomber
squadrons crossing the English coasi: target unknown
How are you to deploy the nine 'ighter squadrons under your
command to miercept the incoming threat1
British and enemy squadron movements are plotted on a superb
hign resolution screen map ol south east England with communi-
nil
Software
cations signals presented both visually and in morse code.
Features variable difficulty levels, full control of squadron
movements, randomly selected targets and bomber routes lor
each game intelligence reports refuelling etc
COSMIC RAIDERS (16K) £5,95
A lense game of strategy for one player
You — t l w only remaining pilot Ol the "Earth
Oe'ence f l e e t " — have t h e daunting lash o l
defending the Earth from attack by alien M i n g s
WWm&'P^ t h a t have a l r e a d y let up a base ot their own on earth,
* Kudoi Scanner display I n h l - r a i *
48K Strategic • f u l l colour and sound g l l t c l i *
Wargame • F r o m t h e a u t h o r of S p e c t r u m ' S c r a m b l e ' •
• 100 1 m a c h i n e code •

SPACr 70MB1ES (16K) £5,95

only £5.95 Shoalrx) through space you are ambushed
licet o l Space Zombies flying at you m formation,
by a

(inc. p&p) swooping and diving at you. Or stray them, I I you

cant But in destroying them, you attract more to
the area, and the gome gets progressively harder.
* f nil t r r c e n hi-res graphics *
• I Ol 2 p l a y e r s * Joystick option •
•lull sound and colour '
1
• t h r e e p l a y i n g speeds

M I N E S OF SATURN and (UiK) test Adventure

RETURN TO E A R T H £5,95
Minn ol Saturn While piloting a routine orbit Of
Saturn, you are caught up i n a radiation storm
which forces you into the giant planet's rings. Your
energy drained, you make a forced landing on
the planet's surface. Luckily you crashed near an
abandoned mining base and you set o f f in search of
some di-hthium crystals t o retuel your stranded
space ship. Can you do It?
Return l o Earth Having escaped from your previous
dilemmas, you reach Earth Station 1, but fall
to make radio contact. You e f l e c t a sale if
harrowing manual ducking. On entry y o u lmd It
deserted, and the control room destroyed. You must
e n p l o t e t h e s t a t i o n and f i n d some way t o a i e r t Carth
of your predicament, but beware, many of t h e
BEAT T H A T H I G H SCOREt looms are identical, there is eitenslve damage, and
GORBLE T H O S E DOTS signs o l alien Intruders.
BEFORE THOSE MEANIES
GOBBLE YOU! YOUR O N L Y
AIDES ARE FOUR "POWEn Graphic Adventure ( 4 8 K ) MAD MARTHA £6,95
PILLS" W H I C H M A K E THE Coot little Henry is the hen-pecked hero of this
MEANIES EDIBLE. BUT domestic tale. One nl^sl ho can take no more. He
N O T FOR L O N G ! steals his wages from his wife's purse, sneaks out
ol the house bring careful not to wake the
• M A C H I N E C O D E D FOR FAST A C T I O N
baby or trip over the cat. and heads lot the bright
• E X T R A " G O B B L E R " FOR 10.000 P O I N T S
lights lo have some tun. Trouble is he runs out ol
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•

24 • ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983


Join the space race with
Neil Streeter and his ZX81.
I first got my ZX81 about six
weeks after the launch of the
machine way back in April
1981. I set down to writing 1 K
programs for it and, after a
couple of weeks, I had a selec-
tion which I sent off for publica-
tion. Eight of these were ac-
cepted for publication, one of
which (called Meteors! provid-
ed the inspiration for this pro-
gram.
The original Meteors pro-
gram used the ZX81 's SCROLL
command to give a full moving
display in IK. The idea of the
game was to move your space
ship left and right in an effort to
avoid the meteors and alien
space craft coming at you. The
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983
trouble was that the
background was w h i t e , which
didn't give a very good impres-
sion of space! A l s o , the
SCROLL function went the
w r o n g w a y , w h i c h meant that
it felt like y o u were moving
t o w a r d s yourself.
Two in one
Also, around the time, there
were a number of 'racer' pro-
grams which used the same
idea to represent a car travelling
along a winding track. What 1
always wanted to do was to
combine these t w o games, and
w i t h 16K that's exactly w h a t I
set out to do. After trying a
BASIC version and finding you
could make a cup of tea bet-
ween moves, I decided to write
the bulk of the program in
machine code.
The game, entitled Meteors
11 after its elder brother, is very
easy to play and is extremely
addictive. The idea of the game
is to pilot your space craft
t h r o u g h v a r i o u s t y p e s of
obstacles and your score,
w h i c h appears on screen,
depends on how long you
manage t o avoid disaster.
There are seven stages to be
negotiated after w h i c h the
whole game repeats — so,
theoretically, y o u could be up in
space forever!
The seven stages of the
game are:
Star Field: This is the first
stage, and as y o u would
imagine easiest of the lot. All
y o u have to do is t o avoid the
stars that head d o w n at y o u
from the top of the screen.
Rock Field: This scenario con-
tains block shaped meteors that
bear d o w n at you from the top
of the screen.
Asteroid Field: Similar to the
last scenario, but this time the
rocks are t w i c e the size.
Meteor Field: Again similar to
the last t w o 'fields' but now the
rocks are three times the size
and obviously harder to avoid.
Aliens: You now have a change
of scenery as you find a mass
of alien space craft heading
towards you. This stage of the
game is not as difficult as the
stage before, but will provide
y o u w i t h a quick breather in
preparation for the next t w o
stages.
Super Birds: These are a weird
alien life form and extremely
large at that! These creatures
are four times the size of the
original rocks in the second
'field'.
The Tunnel: You n o w find
yourself in a tunnel (similar to
the 'racer' games I w a s talking
about earlier). The tunnel gets
narrower and narrower the
further along y o u get. If you
manage to make it to the other
end, then you find yourself
back at stage one of the game.
For each time you go round the
seven stages, your score will be
7 , 2 0 0 . I have so far managed
to get through the game just
over three times, a score of
2 1 , 7 5 0 — beat that if you can!
What's the code?
The program is fairly short and
if you are careful w i t h the
machine code shouldn't
— It scrolls the screen d o w n
one line.
— It moves the ship left or right
one place if keys ' 8 ' or ' 5 ' have
been pressed.
— It increases the score by ten.
— It checks whether anything
has been hit.
— If anything has been hit then
it returns a value of one; if not,
then a value of zero is returned.
Thus, all that is left for the
BASIC program is to print the
aliens at the top of the screen
and jump to a crash and
explosion routine if the USR
routine is equal to one. Also
included in the program are user
prompts and instructions, to
make the program extremely
user friendly.
The machine code subroutine
could be used in any BASIC
program of a similar format.
Certain bytes may be
changed as desired so that it
can be used in other ways.
Certain conditions must,
however, be observed. These
are:
— The score must appear as it
does in this program, at the top
left of the screen in inverse
characters.
— The background code must
a p p e a r in b y t e s 16621,
16649, 16661, 16671,
1 6 6 7 7 and 1 6 6 8 2 .
— The code of the object being
m o v e d must be that that
appears in byte 1 6 6 6 6 of the
machine code.
The keys for left and right
are tested for in bytes 1 6 6 0 5
(left) and 1 6 6 3 3 (right) and the
codes for the keys being used
must appear in these locations.
The machine code routine is
called by:
LET A = USR 1 6 5 1 8
Initially to set the position of
the ship in bytes 1 6 5 1 4 and
1 6 5 1 5 and then called on all
subsequent occasions by:
LET A = USR 1 6 5 2 8
This will return a value of one or
zero in A depending on whether
anything has been hit or not.
Line by line
The graphics characters in the
program are as follows:
— All the grey characters in the
p r o g r a m are the graphics^
character on t h e ' H ' k e y . ^
 ZX81 CAME
— Line 2 2 0 has 'graphics T The main parts of the pro- i let — THEN GOTO 450
graphics Y' in it. gram are s h o w n in Table 1. + €,0 5GTO 1 ISO
— Line 2 2 5 has 'graphics G Note the inverse I in line 3 0 0 0
graphics 6 inverse V graphics 6 should be a normal I before h
r \•'*
graphics G' in it. These are the SAVEing. T o SAVE t h e —0
graphics for the Super Birds. program after entering, start 550 IF T ; 3 1 -LEN A $ THEN L E T
The machine code itself can be the tape recorder and type
loaded using the machine code GOTO 3 0 0 0 ' as a direct F.60 PRINT RT 2 , T . A $
loader program given, w h i c h on c o m m a n d and press Newline. lET fls'JSR 16526
RUNning will prompt w i t h the The program will autoRUN after 530 LET 5=5+1
address and you will have t o SAVEing and on subsequent 5-30 IF 5 / 1 5 - I N T (5/15) THEN LET
enter t h e decimal codes for LOADings. A disassembly of A $ =R $ ( 2T O
those addresses. These codes f.00 IF M$=' THEN GOTO 703
the machine code follows in the 510 IF NOT R THEM GOTO 530
are given in the third and sixth hope that t h e subroutines
columns of the machine code w i t h i n it will prove helpful t o
listing. others. 10 P P INT RT 2 . T - 1
720 l-ET 5 1=51 + 1
Line 1 Machine code subroutine.
~*3© L E T 5=0
740 LET =
Line 4 Jumps to instructions and initialisation. 750 GOTO 7 0
Lines 7 0 - 1 1 0 Mam display routine. 1000 LET n $ = i i =s i0000
Line 1 2 0 GOes TO the crash routine. —— * • -1- ^ZL. . r~i ^ ^
Lines 2 0 0 - 2 7 0 Changes character being scrolled routine.
Lines 3 0 0 - 4 5 0 Crash and replay routines. .PRINT 0 . 0 . " ]
Lines 7 0 0 - 7 5 0 Tunnel routine. , - s
Lines 1 0 0 0 - 1 1 8 0 Initialisation. "OP >; = 1 Ci SO
Lines 3 0 0 0 - 3 0 2 0 SAVE for autoRUN. Table !. PINT
130 NE.vT x
1 h : t n >=" CLEAR ?E£RND) V & i f 1140 LET 5=0
J D E C R N DdJ ? FHST ,"57 ( CLEAR FPST 1150 LET 51=0
L RINT : >/5S4. PRINT E£RND)fc 1150 LET R=U5R 1 8 5 1 8
- (BSiF dcjtntt i ft^RNDLN 5L 1170 LET R$="E
• V - - r r . ' L N S " T R 5 RUN RNDEfcRNDre 118 0 GOTO 70
iPNC- trMpEYs" dptijdw grj-AS < INKE^- ^00© PRINT TAB IO, ' METEORS I I , '
£ E i P . M D 7 ' e f c P N D E L R N L> O f i E f l p w i j G * TA N •010 PRINT THE 1 0 , — — .
.-•020 PRIffT "YOU ARE IN CONTROL O
-J v v U U U V v U U <J U U U U u U <J» U V U U V U V W O V F R TRADING SPACE SHIP WHICH 5PE
\ tt.»; 11 i MD5 MGST OF"
"4 GOTO 1000 2330 PRINT " I T " " 5 TIHE IN THE AS
TO PRINT RT 2, INT (RND* ',33-LEN T E R OID BELTS. "
R$> J ;R$ 504.0 PRINT "YOU MU5T NOT HIT ANY
©0 LET R=USR 16528 OBSTACLES R5 YOU NEGOTIATE S^A
30 LET 5 = 5 + 1 CE USING KEY FOR LEFT &
5 / 1 0 0 = INT (S/100> THEN G ND K E Y " " © " " "
<=.fc/tJ 3 350 PRINT "FDR RIGHT
2360 PRINT " I F VOU' CRN GET TO T
t-1-:?
-_• ££
-- u'TO « THEN GOTO 70 HE END OF THE INTER SPACE TUNN
EL THEN YOU UILL STRRT AGAIN ON
3F ( 1) = "jjf" THEN LET THE OTHER SIDE."
2070 PRINT t ,TAB 1 1 ; "
21© IP R $ ( 1 / <>"&" THEN LET R$« 2080 PRINT jj"PRESS ANY KEY TO 5
TART PLAY • • *

_220 IF 5.400=INT (5/400) THEN L PRINT

225 IF .",-500 = INT (5/503) THEN L 2100 IF INKEY *<>"** THEN GOTO 210

25C IF S:,=500 THEN PRINT RT 1 2110 I F I N K E Y $ = " ** THEN GOTO 511C

2120 CLS
260 IF 5 > =6C0 THEN GOTO 500 2130 GOTO 1100
270 GOTO 70 3000 SAUE "METEORS IB"
300 LET P=PEEK 16514+256+PEEK 3010 CLS
6515 3020 RUN The BASIC part ot the listing.
335 FOR X = 1 TO 3
310 POKE P . 0
3£Q POKE P.12S
330 POKE P CODE " * " X X X X X X XX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
£31 FOR Y = 1 TO 2
NEXT r
34; POKE P .. CODE "S"
35S POKE P.O
355 POKE P.12S
360 NEXT X X x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
370 LET 5 =(5 + 1) *10 *XXXXXXXXXX XX XX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
375 LET 5=5+51*7200 •<xxxxxxx
330 IF 5 ; H I THEN LET HI=5 3 SCROLL
3 55 LET ~ £ STR 5 HI • ^ FOR X = 1 6 5 1 J- TO 1 8 8 5 8
<_ET H$-HJ ( TO 6-LEN 20 print x ; " *';
4.00 FOP X= 1 T O LEN X $ 30 INPUT R
LET H * — H 5 + C HP t !. CODE Z $ ( X POKE X.A
PRINT A
SCROLL
70 NEXT X
The machine code loader program.
4-J-O IF INKEY «£<>"" THEN GOTO 440

26 • ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

 ZX81 CAME
16514. 0 16515 W 0
15516 00 0 16517 00 0 MACHINE DISASSEMBLY
16513 2fl 42 16519 I3C 12
16520 40 64 16521 11 17 LABELS ADDRESS ASSEMBLER DECIMAL
1 6 5 2 2 00 0 16523 02 2 SET UP 16514 NOP 0
16524. 1 9 25 16525 22 34 16516 NOP 0
1 6 5 2 6 32 2 3® 16527 4-® 54- 16516 NOP 0
16523 2 R 42 15529 0C 12 16517 NOP 0
15530 40 64 16531 11 17 16518 LD HL.ID FILE! 4 2 12 6 4
16532 7 2 114 16533 2 1652 T
16524
LD DE.512
ADD HL.DE
17 0 2
25
16534. 19T 15535 E5T 229 16525 LD H 6 5 1 4 1 , H L 34 1 3 0 64
16536 06 6 16537 21 33
15533 2 3 35 16539 10 16 SCROLL DOWN 16528 LD HL.ID FILE) 4 2 12 6 4
1554© FD 25 3 16541 E5 £29 16531 LD DE.626 17 114 2
16534 ADD HL.DE 25
16542 D 1 209 1654-3 El 2H5 16535 PUSH HL 229
1654-4- 0E 14 16545 12 13 16536 LD B.33 6 33
1554-6 06 6 1654-7 21 3 3 16538 INC HL 35
1SS4-8 7E 12© 1654-9 12 16 16539 DJ NZ - 1 16 2 5 3
I B 2 7* 15551 4-3 16541 PUSH HL 229
15552 16 15553 25(J 16542 POP DE 209
16643 POP HL
15554 0D 13 16555 20 32 16544 LD C . I 8
225
14 18
16556 F 5 24-5 16557 42 16546 L0 B.33 6 33
16553 0C 12 16559 4-0 64 16548 LD A,(HL| 126
15560 11 17 185t>l 0C 12 16549 LD(DE),A 18
16562 00 0 16563 19 25 16550
16551
DEC DE
DEC HL
27
15564 7 E 126 16St«S 3C bSJ
43
16552 DJ NZ 4 16 2 5 0
15566 FE 254 15567 R6 166 16554 DEC C 13
15563 20 32 16569 05 5 16555 JR NZ - 7 32 245
1657© 3 6 54 16571 9C
16572 156 SCORE 16557
29 4'3 16573 15 24 LD HL.ID-FILEl 4 2 12 6 4
16574 F 5 24S 16575 77 119
16560 LD DE. 1 2 17 12 0
16563 ADD HL.DE 26
165 t 6 2t=> 42 16577 32 130 16564 LD A.<HLI 126
15573 40 64 16579 11 17 16565 INC A 60
16530 21 33 16531 00 0 16566 CP 1 6 6 2 5 4 166
16532 25 16568 JR NZ 5 32 5
16534
1 9 16563 22 34- 16570 LD IHL1.156 54 156
16536
34- 132 16535 4-0 54- 16672 DEC HL 43
1553S
C D 205 16537 BB 137 16573 JR 2 4 5 24 2 4 5
15590 02 16539 4-4 63 16675 LD IHLI.A 119
16592 4D 4/
—* — *
15591 51 61 MOVE SHIP 16576 L0 HL.(165141 42 1 3 0 6 4
15594 14 16593 •35 62
15596 00 0 16595 26
16579
16582
LD DE.33
ADD HL.DE
17 3 3 0
25
15593 04 4 16 597 CD 16683 LD ( 1 6 5 1 6 ) . H L 34 1 3 2 6 4
15600 B D 139 16599 07" /
GET KEY
15502 7 E 126 16601 4-F 7"9 16586
16589
CALL INKEY
LDB.H
2 0 5 187 2
06 6 68
16604 16603 00 0 16590 LD C.L 77
16606 F E 254. 166EJ5 21 33 16591 LD D,C 81
16603 C 2 194 16&07 F7 24-7 16592 INC D 20
15610 40 64- 16509 2B 4-2 16593 LD A , 0 62 0
15612 32 130 16611 40 64 16595
16597
JR Z • 4 40 4
CALL GET CHAR
i f 614- 2 E 4 3 16 513 7E" 126 16600 LD A,(HLI
2 0 6 189 7
126
16615 F E 254- 16515 75 116 16601 LD C.A 79
16613 Cft lt?bl 7 10 16 16601 LD B,0 6 0
1552S 41 55 15619 7E" 126
LEFT
16622 F E £54 16521 60 123 16604 CP 3 3 2 5 4 33
16606 JP NZ move right 194 2 4 7 64
15624 C-2 194- 16523 24- 36 16609 LD HL,(16514) 42 130 64
16626 41 65 16625 22 34- 16612 DEC HL 43
16623 8 2 130 16627 4-0 64- 16613 LD A,(HL) 126
16630 C 3 195 16529 10 16 16614 CP 118 2 5 4 1 18
15632 41 65 16631 79 121
16616
16619
JP Z print 2 0 2 16 65
LD A.(HL) 126
16634 F E 254- 16 6 3 3 24- 36 16620 CP 128 254128
-5t>36 C2 1 94 16635 iei 15 16622 JP NZ ciash 194 3 6 6 5
15535 4-1 65 16537 2R 4-2 16625 LD 116514J.HL 34 1 3 0 6 4
16640 32 130 16639 4-0 t>4- 16628 JP pfint 195 1 6 6 5
15642 23 35 15641 7E 126 16631 LD A.C 121
16644 F E 254 16643 76 113 RIGHT 16632 CP 36 2 6 4 36
16646 C R 202 1664-5 10 16 16634 JP NZ p i n t 194 16 6 6
15648 41 65 1664-7" 7ET 125 16637 LD HL,1165141 42 1 3 0 6 4
16650 F E 254 16649 30 16640 INC HL 36
16652 123 16641
C2 194 16551 24 36 16642
LD A.(HL) 126
16654. 41 65 2 5653 22 34-
CP 118 2 5 4 1 18
16644 J P Z print 194 16 6 5
15c5S 130. lbc>55 4-0
15c-33
3 2 64- 16647 LDA.(HL) 126
lo560
2fi 4-2 16657 62 13® 16648 CP 128 2 6 4 128
40 64 16659 75 126 16650 JP NZ crash 194 3 6 6 5
16662 F E 254- 16661 60 123 16653 LD (165141.HL 34 1 3 0 6 4
15664 C-2 194 16663 24- 36
16666 PRINT 16656 LD H L , ( 1 6 5 1 4 ) 42 130 64
16668
41 65 15565 36 54 16659 LD A.IHL) 126
16670 S = t 6 155 15567 2R 4-2 16660 CP 128 264128
16672 84. 132 16669 4-0 64- 16662
16665
JP NZ, cissh 194 3 6 65
LDIHL), 1 6 6 54 166
16674 3 6 3 4 16671 30 123 16667 LD HL.1165161 42 1 3 2 6 4
i-u67b 1 16573 00 0
15673
00 0 1667S C9 201
16670
16672
LD (HL), 128
LD BC.O
54 128
1 00
54-
3 5 1 6 6 7 7 an? 16675 RET 201
15630 £ h 42
16632 16679 34 132
40 64 I b b S l 36 54 CRASH 16676 LD IHL), 128 54 128
16634 30 123 16678
16686 01 1 156S3 01 1 16681
LDHL,(165161
LD HL.128
4 2 1 3 2 64
5 4 128
16635 00 0 16683 LD B C . l 1 1 0
C 9 201 A disassembly of the machine code 16686 RET 201
part of the listing.

ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1 9 8 3

Spectramon
part two
Presenting the second
part of this feature
article, including the full
listing of Simon
Goodwin's incredible
Spectrum monitor
program.
Spectramon is w r i t t e n in ZX both contain the key-word IN'.
BASIC but it should be quite
easy to convert for other com-
puters. Obviously, it will only
be useful on machines w h i c h
use the Z - 8 0 processor!
The Spectrum CODE func-
tion corresponds t o ASC on
other computers — brackets
a r o u n d i t s a r g u m e n t a r e out a listing and simply LPRINT
optional in Z X BASIC. String
arrays are handled rather oddly
by Sinclair BASIC
variable ZS is set up by line 4 0
as having a fixed length of 3 2 .
Unused character-positions
contain spaces — so that Z$ is that feature. FNH(H$) simply
simply used as an array of
space characters by t h e in- first character in H$ — 1 for
struction formatting routine.
The array 0 $ contains 6 0 8 str-
ings (numbered from one, not
zero) and each string has a fix-
ed length of nine characters
(line 1 3 0 ) .
The other string variables
are normal Microsoft' strings
— they vary in length to accom
modate whatever is stored in cursor rather than a flashing
them. ZX BASIC allows sub-
strings t o be extracted from a
string using the 'TO' instruction
— A $ (1 TO 1) returns the first
character of a string, corre-
sponding t o LEFT$(A$,1) in
Microsoft BASIC. If A$ is set
up as 'SPECTRAMON' then
A $ , 6 , 3 ) . In short, t h e T O ' PEEK 2 3 8 6 9 is three or less the
instruction extracts all t h e screen is assumed t o be full
characters from one position
TO another, inclusive.
Spectrum BASIC allows long
variable-names to be specified,
and (unlike Microsoft BASIC) all
the characters of a name are
significant. On the Spectrum,
INDEX and INDIRECT are t w o
different, valid variables
Microsoft BASIC they will have
to be renamed, otherwise they
w o u l d be treated as the same
variable because they have the
same first t w o characters. In
some versions of Microsoft
BASIC, neither variable name
would be allowed since they
28
SPECTRUM UTILITY
Z$ Fixed length string of 3 2 spaces,
used in formatting.
H$ - Hex characters ' O ' - ' F ' — also a local
variable used in the Hex-Decimal
conversion function, FN H (line 50).
LP - 'Flag' set to 1 if printout is required.
DEC 'Flag' set to 1 if numbers must be
CHECK INDEX
output in decimal.
Line number of the routine which
checks to see whether an operation
could involve IX or IY,
GET INSTRUCTION - Line number of the routine w h i c h
formats a complete line of
MAKE TEXT
disassembler output.
Line number of the routine w h i c h
formats a complete line of
disassembler output.
BYTE VALUE Line number of a routine w h i c h
expresses the contents of C ( 0 - 2 5 5 )
WORD VALUE
in C$, using the current base.
Line number of a routine which sets
up C$ w i t h a string copy of C
( 0 - 6 5 5 3 5 ) in the current base.
F$ - String containing register names.
Sinclair BASIC is also unusual in
0$ - String array containing the opcode
that it allows spaces to occur in
text.
variable names. Table 1 shows
l,K,T - Loop counters and temporary values.
all the variable names used in
A$ - The c o m m a n d t y p e d in by the user.
Spectramon a n d d o c u m e n t s
C$ - The first character of the command.
their usage.
SUB - Line number of the chosen monitor
Other systems can ignore subroutine.
the lines using COPY t o send
LOC - The location being examined by the
monitor.
L$ if L P = 1 , printing out lines
one at a time rather than en
L$ - The line of text to be output by the
monitor.
the masse. A user defined function
10,11,12 - The instruction code and its operands.
is set up in line 5 0 , but it is
N$ - The name of the current index
fairly easy to code around this if
register.
your computer doesn't support
S$ - The name of the current indirect
register (N$>.
returns the decimal value of the
M$ - The mnemonic form of the
' V , 1 0 for ' A ' , 11 for B' and instruction.
so on. NBYTES Length of instruction, in bytes.
INDEX Set to 1 if IX or IY are t o replace HL.
Spectramon uses a f e w Set to 1 if (IX) or (IY) are to replace
INDIRECT -
PEEKs and POKEs w h i c h will (HL).
not be required o n other
R$ - Character w i t h i n instruction
systems. POKE 2 3 6 5 8 , 8 is a
mnemonic.
useful command w h i c h forces
MODE - Addressing mode 0 - 9 ; declares
the Spectrum into capitals-lock
number and format of operands.
(selecting a flashing ' C ' as a
C - Number for conversion into a decimal
or Hex string.
' t ' ) . This ensures that com-
mands are entered in capitals C$ - Number after conversion into a string.
(unless the user purposely swit- DS - Part of disassembler output line.
ches t o lower-case in t h e Table 1. Variables used in
course of entering a command). Spectramon.
The location 2 3 6 8 9 contains
the number of empty lines on
the Spectrum screen — w h e n writing, editing and typing in useful quirks of ZX BASIC, both
Spectramon I w a s well- f r o m t h e BASIC a n d the
practiced! Hopefully, the assembler programmer's point
since t h e b o t t o m t w o lines program also illustrates a f e w of view.
aren't normally used for text
and a line is needed for the
'More? . . . ' message. J-O DIM Z5 i32.) . REM ^iCei
Location 2 3 5 6 0 contains 5© DEF FN Hiii$) --JOC- M $ a- 7 *
the ASCII code of the key most S > ••<? 3 : REM Co nve"t :x charact
recently pressed. It is set to 3 2
•= ) X o decissl
LET REJi NO p r i n t e r
when the space bar has been LET DEC =0; REM HeX OUtpUt
in pressed (or is being simulated) O0 LET CHECK INDEX-1S0O
and 1 3 w h e n Enter has been SO LET GET INSTRUCT IOf i =<2000
typed. 100 LET liRKE TEXT
110 LET BYTE URLUE=500G
The last w o r d . . . 120
130
LET UORD URLUE=5020
DIM O $ ( 6 0 o , 9 ) . REM OpcodtS
W h e n I received m y Spectrum I 14-0 RESTORE
w a s convinced that I'd never ISO RERD f S
get used to the keyboard. After
160 t-ET 1=1: REM OpCOdS NO.
ZX COMPUTING JUNE.JULY 1983
 SPECTRUM UTILITY
170 RERD UJ rem B i t w i s e operation (ZSO)
180 IF O s ; i , l TO Z)="1" 1HHN FC 1323 T CT ' ^ 1
THEN GO TO 1300:
R TO 7: LET OS '.I+-JJ =05 !IJ ; N REM M i s c e l l a n e o u s z o o o p e r a t i o n
EXT j ; LET 1 = 1+7: REM Standard & 1<34S IF 10 = 2 2 1 THEN GO TO 1 5 0 0 .
- b i t o p e r a n d REM use IX i n s t e a d cf h l
190 LET 1=1+1: I F I<609 THEN GC 1350 IF 10 =253 THEN GO TO 1520.
to 176: rem Repeat for a i l opco rem u s e IV i n s t e a d o f hl
des 1 0 6 0 LET i:=PEEK tLOC+1): REM Ge
195 PRINT t; t L S So f o p e r a n d
2O0 LET H$="01234567o9hSBCDEF" : 1C70 LET I2=PEEK ILCC -t2) : REM Gi
REM Hex c h a r a c t e r s t MSB of operand (if anu!i
290 rem * * Command Menu 1 0 S 0 GO SUB GET INSTRUCTION
300 CL5 : PRINT "COMMANDS" 1 0 9 © LET N$="HL": LET S$="(HL)"
310 PRINT '"O Return to ZX BflSI 1 1 0 0 GO SUB CHECK INDEX. GO SUB
C. " MRKE TEXT
320 p r i n t "*D<address> Disa$se» 1110 LET LS=Ls+M$. REM Rdd i n s t r
ble Program." yciion t o line
330 p r i n t '"N<addres5> Numeric 1120 RETURN
duttp memoru" 1190 REM * * C£? C Ode 5
340 PRINT '"R<addffiS;> ASCII me 1200 LET I0=REEK ! L O C + l ) + 2 5 6 : RE
ft - d i s p l a y . " M Compute b i t w i s e i n s t . number
350 p r i n t '"P P r i n t e r option tn 1210 GO SUB GET INSTRUCTION
iy ••; : IF LP THEN PRINT "ON)" 1220 IF MS = "•?" THEN 30 SUB MRKE
355 IF LP =0 THEM PRINT "OFFJ " TEXT: GO TO 1110: REM Got i n s t r u
350 PRINT '"B ease s e l e c t i o n cn cti on
Otf *"; : I F DEC THEN PRINT "DEO " 123 0 LET MBYTES=2
385 IF DEC =0 THEN PRINT "HEX) " 1240 GO TO 109G: REM Finished
390 POKE 2 3 6 5 3 , 8 : REM F o r c e cap 1290 REM ** ED COdeS
S 10 C K 1300 LET 10 =PEEK (LOC+1? : REM Ge
1 0 0 input "Coaaand?"; l i n e r j t the r e a l ins t . number
±10 IF LEN R $ < 1 THEN GO TO 4-00: 1310 IF 10<64 OR (10>127 RND 10<
rem Nothing typed 16-0 1 OR 10 >191 THEN LET 13 = 191:
<115 LET CS=A$(1 TO 1 * : LET SUB = REM Not a v a l i d ED COde
0: IF C$="Q" THEN CLS : STOP 1315 IF 10 <126 THEN LET 10 = 10+32
420 IF C$="B" THE?-? LET DCC-i-DE rem uo r k out p o s i t i o n in C $
c. g=j TO 3200: rem Reverse v a iue 1320 LET I0=I0T417
Of DEC - Base f l3Q 1330 LET I I = P E E K (LOC +2) : LET 12
C 25 IF C$ = "F" THEN LET LP = 1-LP: =peek (LOC+3> rem Find neu« o p e r
GO TO 20©: rem Reverse value of
LP - P r i n t e r flag 134C- GO SUB GET INSTRUCTION
430 IF LEN R$<2 THEN GO TO 400: 13E0 I F THEN GO SUB MRKE
REM No address s p e c i f i e d TEXT; GO TO 1110
4 4 0 LET R$=R$(2 TO LEN R$): IF 1363 LET N5YTE5=NBYTES+1: REM LO
tLEN R$ TO LEN RS) ="H" THEN GO i: -5 e r t h a n e x p e c t e d
TO 2200: REM Hex address? 1370 GO T O 1 0 0
450 FOR 1=1 TO LEN RS: I F AS'.I ; 4-9O P.EM «* DO codes
TO IS <"0" OR R 5 ( I TO I ) >"9" THEN is00 l e i Ns-' I X " . h l n use xx ins
go TO 400: rem R e j e c t i f addres tiad Of HL
5 is not numeric! is10 go t o 153G: rem Continue as
460 NEXT I : LET LOC='JRL R$: REM fo r IV
se t up s t a r t address 1523 LET N$="IY": REM FD codes
490 REM * * S e l e c t subroutine 153G LET C =PEEK (LOC+2? : P.EM Get
500 IF C$="D" THEN LET SUB=1000 o f f s e t f o r ( i y -ro f r s e t )
510 IF CS="R" THEN LET SUB=700E 1540 IF C—0 THEN LET SJ = " ("+N$ + "
520 IF C$="N" THEN LET SUB=750O i "
590 IF SUB =0 OR L 0 0 6 5 5 3 5 THEN 1550 I F C>0 RND C < 123 THEN GO SL'
GO T O 400. rem ignore S i t l u sddr 2 BYTE VALUE. LE!" 5 9 = " I "+N 9 + " + " *
£ i £ or c o ju a a n d C 9 + " I "
595 CLS . POKE 23S65J,C ;em c i e 1555 I F C :• 127 T HEN LET C=256 ~C :
a r BR'olc k e y bu f f e r GO SUB BYTE UHLUE: LET b | - " l " + N f
500 GO SUB SUS: PRINT L3 +"—" + C $ + "" *"
505 IF LUC THEN PRINT ' "E 1560 I F PEEK ( L O C + 1 ' = 2 0 3 THEN GO
f i d Of tteaory.": POKE 23563,32: C TO 1660: REM indexed b i t ope r a t
G TO 610: REM Pretend SPRCE W3S i on
t mpe d 1S70 LET 10 =PEEK iLOC + 1) : LET I I
605 IF P E E K 2 3 6 6 9 < 4 R N D L P T H E ? =PEEK (LOC+23 ; LET I2=PEEK (LOC+
COPY : R E M S c r e e n F u l l & p r i n t 3 ) : REM Get the e q u i v a l e n t h l in
needed
607 IF PEEK 23639<4 RND LP=B TH 1SS0 IF 10 =54 THEN LET 12=0: LET
EH PRINT "More? (Enter = NO)": F I1=PEEK :.LOCt3) . REM S b i t m d i
OKE 23560,32: GO TO 610: REM Scr- r e c t load - s p e c i a l case
een F u l l - pause 15S0 GO SUB GET INSTRUCTION
610 IF PEEK 2355e=3£ THEN GO TO 1600 LET INDEX =0: LET INDIRECT= C
510: REM U 3 i t u n t i l Key<>SPRCE REM Not USiTiQ IX or IY
612 IF PEEK 23669< 3 THEN CLS : j SID IF M$ <>'"?" THEN GO SUE CHEC
REM Start a new screen K INDEX
615 IF PEEK 2356©< >13 THEN GO T 16 20 _ET NBYTES-=NCYTES +INDIRECT-;
0 600. rem Do another l i n e unies INDEX . REM Rd .j u s t instruction 1e
£ ENTER was typed r* "5 t h
520 GO TO 200. REM R e t u r n to m e 1625 IF INDEX =0 THEi LET NBYTES =
nu MBytes*INDIRECT 7 " rem E x t r a b y t e
1390 LET IO=PE£K LOC. REM Get OP ne e de o f o r o f f s e t
•;ode number
1010 IF 10=203 THEN GO TO 1200: j. -r o GO O 1110

ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983 29

 SPECTRUM UTILITY
i o S d LET IO=PEEK f. LOG +3) +256 : RE ": REM LD (HL),(HL) d o e s n ' ex i S
H 6 bit indirect bitwise inst. t - HRLT takes " i ts P l a c e
1670 GO SUB GET INSTRUCTION 314.0 RETURN
1600 LET* INDEX —0 . LET INDIRECT =0 3200 LET NBYTES =2: REM 6 b i t num
: REM P i - 4 tend I X & IY a r e n ' t nee be r i s operand
d i d 3210 I F LEN CB$3<>0 THEN LET B $ =
169© IF M£ >" ?" THEN GO SUE CHEC 3 $ + "' ,
K INDEX: REM MA K ft 5UFT 3220 LET c = I i : rem Get number
1700 LET NSYTES=NEYTES+3*INDIRE0 3230 GO SUB BYTE URLUE
324-0 LET M$=R$+EJ+CJ: REM BUi Id
10 SUB MRKE TEXT i n s t .
20 GO TO H I D 3250 RETURN
— c0 0 LET INDIRECT=0. LET :n; EX=e 3300 LET NBYTES =3 REM 16 b i t nu
LET 1=5 « be r is operand
! LET 1=1+1: IF I LEN M$ THEN 3310 IF LEN (B $ 3 < > 0 THEN LET B$ =
ETUR N S $+" .
2 0 LET R $ = M $ I I TO 1.1 : I F R$<> 3320 LET C = 2 5 6 * I 2 + I 1
RND R T H E N GO TC 1610: 3330 GO SUB UORD URLUE
M c bt c K tor abbreviations 334.0 LET M $ = F L $ + B } + C $
1 3 30 IF R$="»" THEN GO TO 1S60 3350 RETURN
1 3 10 LET INDEX = 1 REM 'Jit IX-'IY 34-00 LET NBYTES=2. REM R e l a t i v e
I S S0 LET M»=M$(1 TO I-l>+N$+M$( jump o f f s e t is operand
+ 1 TO LEN CM$>): REM Modify ins 34-10 IF LEN (B$)<>0 THEN LET B$=
r uCt i On + " ,
1 8 6 0 RETURN 3420 LET C-LOC—254 + I I : REM UOrfc
1 8 6 0 LET INDIRECT=1: REM u s e ( i x out a bsoiute addr. from o f f s e t
) o r (IY) instead of (HL) 34.30 IF I K 12© THEN LET C=C+256:
1890 LET (1 TO 1 - 1 ) + 5 $ + M $ ( I REM Can go bacK or forward
+1 TO LEN (M*? ) : REM I n s e r t rsQi 34.4.0 GO TO 3330: REM Display ab5
st e r n a » e o l u t e address of target inst.
1900 RETURN 350© LET NBYTES=2: REM Port numb
2000 LET I»=U*(1W+1J: REM Get te £ r 0 - 2 5 5 is in operand byte
X t o f op code 3510 LET C = I 1
3520 G O SUB BYTE URLUE
2003 IF 1$ (LEN I f ) ='* " THEN LET -j - <-» i t
I $ = I $ f1 TO LEN I $ - l ) : GO TO 2003
: REM Discard t r a i l i n g spaces 3600 LET NBYTES=3 r REM I n d i r e c t
2005 LET MODE =CODE I $-4-8; REM Ge a d d r e ss is in ope r 3nd
t addressing » o d e t i f s p e c i a l ) 3610 LET C = 2 5 6 * I 2 + I 1
2010 IF MODE <1 OR MODE>9 THEN LE 3620 GO SUB UORD URLUE
T MODE =0: GO TO 2020: REM Not s p 3630 I F LEN (6$)<>0 THEN LET B$ =
e Ci a I 3$ +" ,
20-15 LET I $ = I $ (2 TO LEN 1$); REM 364-0 LET M$=R$+B$+" ("+ C$ + ") " : RE
strip off the "mode' marker M Bra z\. e t s i n d i c a t e indirection
2020 FOR 1=1 TO LEN 1$: IF I $ C I 3650 RETURN
TO I 3 = " " THEN GO TO 204-5: REM F 3700 LET NBYTES=2. REM IN to por
;r?d operand field t n u mbe red by operand
2025 NEXT I 3710 LET C=I1
2030 LET R $ i l $ + Z $ ( l TO 5 —LEN 1$; 3 7 2 0 GO SUB BYTE URLUE
REM no operand, format n e a t l y 3 7 3 0 GO TO 36U0
2035 LET 6$="": REM Operand! 3 5 0 0 LET MBYTES=3: HEM STORE at
204.0 GO TO 2055 o p e r a nd address
2S4-5 LET RS = I $ ( 1 TO I 3 + Z $ ( l TO S 3310 LET C = 2 5 6 * I 2 + I 1
-I): REM This is the opcode 3 6 2 0 GO SUB UORD URLUE
2050 LET B t = I S ( I + l TO LEN 1 $ ) : R 3S30 IF LEN B$<>0 THEN LET B$ = ",

<
c.M and t h i s the operand •• + S $
2055 GO TO 3000+MODE*100: REM Pf 3 S 4 0 LET Mi=R$+"("+C$+")"+B$; RE
ocess in accordance with addr wo M 3 r a CKets i n d i c a t e address not
de va lue
2 1 9 0 REM * * Convert hex to dec 3550 RETURN
2200 IF LEN R$ <2 THEN GO TO 4-00: 3900 LET NBYTES=1: REM Peculiar
REM Must be at least l d:<3it code
2210 LET RS = "0G0 •+H5 ( TO LEN R*- 3910 LET M$ = '"?"
13 : LET RJ=R$(LEN R * - 3 TO LEN R$ 3920 RETURN
3 : REM For C€ 4 character field 399© REM * * BUi Id up o /p line
2220 LET LOC-O FOR 1=0 TO 3: LE 4-00O LET C-LCC: GO SUB UORD URLU
T LOC =LOC +FN H(fl$ (LEN R$-D y *i6?
I : NEXT I : GO TO 500; REM Get va ^ 0 1 0 IF DEC THEN LET L$=C$+" ":
I in LOC GO TO 4 030
2390 REM * * use addressing mode < 2 - 0 2 0 LET L $ = C $ ! 1 TO 4 - ) + " " : REM
3000 LET MBYTES=1; REM Implied a R Tft:O Ve ' H ' t o s h o r t e n 11ne
ddressing - no operand bytes 4-030 LET D $ = " ": FOR T=LOC TO LOC
3010 LET M$=R$+B$; REM Bui Id en t TMBYT E 5 - 1
i r e i nstruction text 4.070 LET C=PEEK T: REM Get data
30-20 RETURN 4 0 7 5 IF DEC THEN LET DEC=0: GO 5
3100 LET NBYTES = 1; REM 6 b i t ope UB BY TE URLUE: LET DEC = 1: GO TO
rand in or pointed to by reg s te 4-09O : REM RI ways use hex (neater
r s 1
3110 IF LEN (B$3<>0 THEN LET B $ ~ 4-060 GO SUB BYTE URLUE
REM Format n e a t l y 4-090 LET D«=D4+C$(1 TO 2 ) : REM N
3115 LET K = 10 —INT ( 1 0 / 8 3 * 6 + 1 ; RE O * H ' here e i t h e r
M Ge t operand number from i n s t . 4.100 NEXT T: rem Process a l l the
3120 LET H$=R$+B$+FfIK) REM fidd by te s of the i n s t r u c t i o n
a p p r o p r i a t e symbol 4-11© LET L$=L$+D?+Z$(1 TO 2 * ( 4 - N
3130 I F 10=118 THEN LET H$="HRLT BYTES 3 3+" '* : REM fidd spaces t i d i l y

30
 SPECTRUM UTILITY
412© LET LOC-LOC +NBYTES ; REM RdV "2SBC R" / ' R 5 T 16H" , "RET PO"/'POP
ance to next instruction G","3JP PO","EX tSP),»","3CRLL
413© RETURN PO" , " PUSH t J . "2RND" t "RST 20H"
4990 REM * * convert C to C$ 6065 DRTR "RET P E " / ' J P <»)","GUP
5S00 IF DEC THEN LET C{=5TRS C: PE"."EX DE,HL","3CRLL P E " , " 9 " / '
RETURN ; REM Decimal is easy 2>:OR","RST 28H " , " RET P" ,"POP RF "
5010 LET C$=H$tC,'15 +.5 TO C / 1 6 + . . "3JP PE" , " D I " , "3CRLL P"
5); LET C=C-INT t C / IB) * IB + . 5 : LE 6070 DRTR "PUSH RF","20R"."RST 3
T C$=C$+H$(C TO C)+ " H " : RETURN 9H" , "RET M","LD SP tt" , "3JP M " / ' E
R E M 6? b i t h e x V a l u e I","3CRLL M " , " 9 " , " £ C P " , " R 5 T 3©H"
5020 IF DEC THEN LET C $ = STR$ C: 503© REM Z30 CB codes
RETURN 6090 DRTR "1RLC","1RRC","1RL","1
5325 LET CT-C/256; LET C$=H$(CT/ RR","I5LR","15RR","9","9","9",
15+.5 TO C T / 1 6 r . 5 ' : LET CT=CT- IN • , »g» t "9- f -s-- , "9" , **9" , " ISRL"
T (CT/16) * 1 6 r . S : LET C S - C i + H $ tCT 6100 DRTR "1EIT 0" . " I B I T 1","1BI
TO CT } T 2 " , " IB IT
533C ~ LET CT=C-XNT (C/256) *355. L 5110 DRTR IB I T 4" , " IB IT 5" / ' 1 B I
ET ri * $ C CT i ' j f . TU C T / l & r . £ T 6 " , " I B I T 7"
LET CT=CT-IMT I CT.' 16) *16 + . 5 ; 512© DRTR IRES 0","1RE5 1 " , " I R E
LET C$=C5+H$tCT TO CTJ +"H"; RETU 5 2 " , " I R E S 13"
R:N : REM 16 b i t hex vall'fi 6130 DRTR "IRES 4-".. "IRES 5"., "IRE
5990 REN * * zs© I n s t r u c t i o n s 5 6 " f " IRES 7"
6C00 DPT P. " BCDEHL *R " 514.0 DRTR "1SET 0","1SET 1","15E
5010 DRTR '"NOP" . "3LD BC" , "LD (BC T 2","1SET 3"
;.R","1NC BC" f " INC B" . "DEC B " . " 2 615© DRTR "1SET 4"."1SET 5","1SE
LD 5" , "RLCR" , "EX RF,RF'","RDD S, T 5"."1SET 7"
3C " , " LD Ft, ( BC > " , " DEC DC", "INC C" 5160 REM Z80 ED COdes (40-7F)
."DEC C","2LD C" , "RRCR" , "4DJNZ E 5170 DRTR " I N B (CJ " #"OUT tC) ,B"
" 3LD DE", "LD (DE) ,fi" , "INC DE" .."SBC HL j BC" , "SLD 3C" , " N E B " , "RET
5S2G DRTR "INC D","DEC D " / ' 2 L D D N " . " I M S " , " L D I j R "
, "RLR" , "4UR" , "RDD »,DE","LD R,< 6230 DRTR " I N C .. (CI " . "OUT (C) .C"
DE) " , "DEC DE" ,"INC E","DEC E " , " 2 z"RDC HL,BC","BLD B C " , " 9 " , " R E T I "
LD E" , "RRR" , "4JR NZ" , "3LD JT" ,"6L "q" "LD R R"
D r'/'INC tt"."INC H","DEC H","2L 6190'DRTR " I N D, (C) " ."OLTT IC)
D H","DR fl","4JR Z","RDD 8 . JJ " /'SBC HL/DE"j"BLD D E " , " 9 " f " 9 " , " I
6030 DRTR " 6LD B"/'DEC « " , " INC L M 1","LD R , I "
" , "DEC L","2LD L","CPL","4dR NC" 6200 DRTR " I N E/(C)"^"OLrT <C),E"
j "3LD SP " t " SLD 1
R","INC 5 P " / ' I N C .."RDC HL .. DE" , "BLD DE" , "9" j "9" , " I
.. "DEC * " , ' 2 L D *" . "SCF" , "4-UR C" M S","LD R.R"
, "RDD tt.SP","5LD fl"/'DEC 5P" . " I N 5210 DRTR " I N H, CC)", "OUT tO,H"
" R" . "DEC R " / ' 2 L D R","CCF" /'SBC HL , HL " , "BLD HL" , "9" , " 9 " / ' S
5340 DRTR " 1LD B"/'1LD C " / ' 1 L D D " "RRD"
" , " li_D E" , " 1LD H" , " 1LD L " , " 1LD * 6220 DRTR " I N L , (C) "/'OUT (C) ,L"
" , "1LD R","1RDD R" ,"1RDC R", " 1SU ."RDC HL , HL " f "6LD H L " / ' 9 " , " 9 " / ' ^
9 R","15BC R","1RND","1XOR","lOP ","RLD"
" , "1CP",
7"
"RET NZ" k, i "POP
"T.ID" '"»rci i t"
BC","3JP N
6230 DRTR " 9 " / ' 9 " , "SBC HU,SP"/*e
LD S P " / ' 9 " / ' 9 " / - 9 " / - 9 " / ' I N R .( O
" . " O U T iC);R","RDC HL,SP"t"6LD S
p •• ^ »*Q" n g u
624 D REM M o r e ED COdes CR0-BF)
5250 DRTR " LD I C P I " ." IN I " . " OUT
I " i " 9 " i " S " " g l > g
6250 DRTR "LDD" , " C P D " , " I N D " , "OUT
D" i "9" "9" "9" "Q»
£27©"DRTR " L D I R " , " C P I R1" , " I N I R " , "
I T I R " , "9" • • O " • _ "g*
S33G DRTR " LDDR " .. "CPDR" ^ " INDR" f "
r i T p , p '• Q•• •• q »* •» Q »» •» Q »»
£950 REM * * Character dump
7300 LET C=L.OC: GO SUB 5G20 : LET
L$=C$t" " : FOR C=© TO IS: I F C-f
LOC>65535 THEN LET I©=32: GO TO
7033. REM Beware end of RRM
701© LET I0=PEEK (CtLOC); I F 10>
- 2 7 THEN LET 10=10-126: REM S i n
P 6th b i t ( p a r i t y or fiaq?
7D2© I F 10<32 THEN LET 10=46: RE
M P r i n t c o n t r o l s as dots
70 30 LET L S=Lf+CHR$ 10
7340 NEXT C: LET LOC=LOC+16, RET
URN
7490 REM * * Numeric dump
" 0 © LET C =LOC ; GO SUB UORD URLU
-: LET L$=C$+" ": FOR I=© TO 7:
I F L O C + 1 > 5 5 5 3 5 THEN LET 10=0: GO
TO 752©: REM Beware end of RRM
6050 DRTR "PUSH BC" , "2RDD R " / ' R S 7=-10 LET 10 -PEEK (LCC + I )
T 0" , "RET Z" ,"RET" ,"3JP "^52© LET C = I 0 . GO SUB 5000. IF D
3CRLL Z","3CRLL","2RDC R","RST 3 EC THEN LET Lt=L$+" "+C$
H" , "RET MC" ."POP DE","3JP N C " / ' 7 7325 I F DEC =0 THEN LET L$=L$ + " "
CVJT R" , "3CRLL NC" , "PUSH DE" . "2SU TO 2 ) : REM S t r i p 'H' to Ke
E R" ee under 32 columns
5060 DRTR "R5T 10H" , "RET C"/'EXX 753© NEXT I : LET LOC=LOC + 6: RETI'
" . "3JP C" , " S I N R","3CRLL RT,'

31•ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

 ZX81 CAME

River of
• TAB 1 0 ; " S 8 S " ; sc; T A B 2 0 ; "
5H23 • ; H I
10 LET ST =1
13 PRINT R T 4- . 0 ; "I

death
IS LET E = 15
IS LET F = 1 5
17 LET P =CODE
20 PRINT RT 1 5 .

A Reynolds of Chatham o 1 LET A$=A$-KA$

invites you to try

32 LET C$ = c c e c c
3 I S ® SHE
33 LET C$=C$+CS__
jumping across the river •34 LET S B S S 6 B

of d e a t h . . . 35
36
LET
LET
£$=5$-rB4
p » = " a a a a J3sB5
3 3 H 3 3 s ®
37 LET D$=D$+D$
4-0 L E T X = 1
4-1 L E T A =S5
4- 2 L E T 8 = 3 5
50 LET V = 3 1
70 LET X s X + 1
7 1 LET A = A - I
72 LET 5 = 5 - 1
60 L E T V =V + 1
33 PRINT AT E . F ; C H R $ P
35 PRINT RT 7 , 3 ; A S ( X TO Y > ; A T
1 1 . 0 ; C $ (X T O Y3 ; A T 9 , 0 ; B $ i E TO A
; , AT 1 3 , 0 ; D $ ( B TO A)
90 IF X =34- T H E N GOTO 4-0
100 LET F = F + ( I N K E Y $ = " 8 " ) - ( I N K E Y
$ = " 5 " )
X 10 L E T M £ = I N K E V $
120 IF H $ = " 7 " THEN LET E = E - 2
122 I F M£ = " 7 " THEN LET SC-SC+10
125 PRINT AT E , F ;
13 O LET PssPEEK (PEEK 1 5 3 9 3 + 2 5 8 *
EEK 15 3 ® ~>
135 PRINT RT E . F ; "JS"
14-0 IF P =CODE THEN GOTO 150
14.5 I F P =CGD£ ' W THEN GOTO 20C
14-7 GOTO 70
150 FOR 1 = 1 TO 10
155 NEXT
You are a frog and your destiny 157 P " I N - AT E F , ••0-
that's easier said than done!
153 FOR 1=1 T O 10
is to try and jump your way 15 Q NEXT I
across a busy road and then try Jump to it 150 PRIN~ RT E X"
and cross the river. FOR 1=1 TO 10
In a similar way to the arcade IBS NEXT I
Once you get to the other side PRINT AT E
187
game called Frogger, you move of the river, you have to jump IBS FOR 1 = 1 TTOO 10
your frog across the road trying your frog from the turtle or log 189 NEXT I
very hard not to get hit by one you are on to the gap in the op- 170 PRINT RT ,F; ( "SPLRT RND 5
of the moving cars. Once T = 1 :< + ( " S P L O S H AND ST =2 > + "CRUMC
posite bank. Movement is made H" AND S T = 3 >
across the road, you will find via the ' 5 ' key to go left, the ' 8 ' 17 1 LET L I U E S = L I U E S - 1
safety on the river bank. The key to move right and the ' 7 ' 172 FOR 1 = 1 TO 20
next stage of the game is to key to go forward. Points are 173 NEXT I
cross the river, w h i c h is gained along the way; you get 178 IF L I O E 5 = 0 T H E N GOTO 181
179 CLS
p o p u l a t e d by t u r t l e s and 10 points for each movement 13 0 GOTO 5
floating logs. You must get forward and 1 0 0 points for 131 °PZNT RT 2 0 . l O ; •GR.HE O U E R '
your frog to jump across the reaching the river bank. But 152 FOP 1=1 TO 50
river via the logs and turtles, remember there's no turning NEXT I
but like all games of this kind back! 4
. 5 5 PRINT "YOU FINA SCORE = '

- CO IF 3C > H I THEN LET HI=SC

1 LET HI=!? l o S PRINT " A G A I N (Y/N) '
5 GOTO 2000 189 IF INKEY$="Y" THEN GOTO 2
3 LET 5C =0 190 IF INKEY $ = "N" THEN GOTO 2(30
4 LET L I V E S =3 3
6 PRINT OT 1 , 3 ; SCREEN ONE 191 GOTO ISA
;RT 2 , 1 ; 200 FOR 1=1 TO 50
2 10 NEXT I
7 PRIM i RT S 0 . 8 , "ijCORE D l ^ P L f l 220 CLS
£ED RFTER COMPLETICNGF T H I S STAG 230 FOR 1=0 TO 2 0
2 4 0 PRINT AT L 0 ;
9 PRINT RT 1 3 . 0 : '' i T * g W = « 1 • : L I U E 5

32 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

 ZX81 CAME
245 PRINT RT r t l , 0 ; "(JELL DONE Y •3-=B GOTO 1 5 3
QU HRUE MRDE I T ' FOR 1 = 6T O 3 0 5 T E P 6
253 NEXT I 530 PPINT fiT 5.1-1.
260 PRINT RT 2 1 . 0 ."2 5 9 0 L E TPsPEEK (PEEK, 1 6 3 9 6 + 2 5 6 *
- EEK LEC-QCI)
266 PRINT RT 11 .4. ; "3CORE SO FRR 50O I F ~P= C O D E ••EE" T H E N L E T 2 $ i l
•* •t
FOR 1 = 1 T O 1 0 O - J*.'
230 NEXT I 5 1 0 NEXT I ^^^S^^S^SB^XSSS^SSS^
290 C L S
210 PRINT RT 1 . 3 ; " SCREEN TUO 1 =1 T O H
1 0 ° '^ ^
2 , 1 ; " i 52 1 NEXT I
•V^CT P R T N T Q T .1 CT

630 C L S
64-0 P R I N T RT 4 , 3 ; " U E L L DONE" , TR
5 2 ; " 1 0 B POINTS BONUS"
340 PRINT RT 16 • 0 ; "J 650 L E T SC=SC+100
TAB 10; • •; SC : TAB 2 0 . ; - 660 PRINT " SCORE NOLI = " . S C
^ g j j " • J 670 FOR 1 = 1T O 5 0
35© P R I N T RT 2 0 . C: " S C O R E DISPLP £60 NEXT I
YED AFTER C O M P L E T I O N O F T H I S STAG 635 C L S
69 0 GOTO 5
360 LET A$= -GO FC-R 1 = 1 T O 1 0
r 7 0 1 NEXT I
W70 LET N$=FIG RFIJ CLS
350 LET E $ = " LET SC=SC+100
, , , , , , " W E L L DONE fiLL
90 L E T ,,"SCORE NOU =
400LET C S = "
mmm mmmm &
410 L E T C$=C$+C$
412 LET 5 - 1 5
7 2 1 NEXT I
730 CLS
74.0 GOTO 5
1000 REM
1O05 SLOU
1010 L E T I $ = "J msmm iff
SS^'ilSfeS .SOT"
i 0 1 5 I F INKEY$ < > T H E N GOTO 1 0 1
5
1020 PRINT " D O Y O U URNT INSTRUCT
IONS 7"
1025 LET N$ = INKEY S
1030 IF N $ —"" THEN GOTO 1025
1C35 CLS
104-0 IF N$="N ' THEN GOTO 3
1050 CLS
414 LET F = 1 5 1O70 PRINT " YOUR FROG
416 LET P=CODE THE CflR
4£0 LET D$ = " SSA SSK3 THE LOGS K
21® THE TURTLES 5
425 F P-T-
D$SD$+D$
430 LET X = 1 1063 PRINT , jT R 6 10, "SCORE T h B L E
431 J ^ * VS:31 ".••10 PTE PER FORURRD HOUE" , "180
432 LET A = 6 3 PTS FOR REACHING RIUER B R N K " , , T
434 LET 6 = 3 3 AS 10;"KEYS"
440 LET X=X + 1 1390 PRINT " 51
442 LET Y - Y + 1 w • • * # * « • « K Lr* H "
444 LET A = A - 1
445 LET E' = 5 — 1
445 PP I NT AT ., F CHRS P 1100 PRINT , F " T H E OBJECT OF T H E
45C PR I NT AT 7 . 0 TO FIT R»NME I S " J " T O CROSS T H E RORD BY G
5 5) TX TO V ) ; R T s,/ 1 •1 / C ; C . $ « B TO O ^ N G " / ' T H R O U G H T H E GAPS BETWEEN
. RT 13 . 0 D S ! X T O THE"."CARS. THEN YOU MUST GO R C R
ISE T a .c X =32 THEN GOTO 4-30 Q S S " . " T H E P I U E R BY UUMPING ON TH
J-62 LET F =F + I I N K E " . "LOGS RND T U R T L E S RND I N T O A "
I = '5 . "GAP I N THE R I U E R BANK"
A.63 LET F = F + (E =1 j. ± i w I F INKEY$="" THEN GOTO 1 1 1 ©
- -:E=9I
484. LET M $ = I N K E Y I GOTO 3
4 5 5 I F I1S = " 7 " T H E N L E T E = E - 2 2000 IF INKEY$ < > THEN GOTO
4 5 6 I F M l = - - " • T H E N L E T S C = S C + 1'C 0
PRINT RT E F; 2005 PR IN~~ "OH P L E A S E IY/KU "
478 LET paPEEK lPEEK 1 6 3 9 8 + 2 5 6 * 2C10 IF I N K E Y S = " Y " THEN GOTO 2
PEEK 1 6 3 9 3 3 2020 IF I N K E Y J = " N " THEN GOTO 2 0 3
4.60 P R I N T RT E > F ; " B ' 0
490 I F P = 0 THEN GOTO 5 5 0 2025 G O T O 2 0 1 0
I F E = 5T H E N GOTO 5 5 D 2O30 PRINT " O K , I F THRTS WHAT YO
5 0 0 GOTO 4 4 - 0 •J URNT . "
550 I F E = 5AND P = 0 THEN GOTO 5 7 - z e - n pj. = j . 50
0 NEA!
c55 I F E=5 AND P<>0 THEN L E T S T 2O4.0 C L S
2 D 5 3 ST" OP
S T 9G0© SAUE
r
560 I F P = 0 P N O £ < >S THEN L E T
9 0 1 0 RUN

ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983


A stitch in
time?
Nick Pearce investigates
a couple of software
packages for your ZX81.
The First Aid
Program
— Network
Computer Systems
Ltd
The First Aid Program is a short
instruction course which aims to
teach the user how to recognise
danger signs and the immediate
actions to take for suffocation,
bleeding, poisoning, burns and
scalds, broken bones and shock.
LOADingthe program, which
is written in BASIC, takes about
six minutes. After some nice in-
troductory graphics — which
Tt_
A sample screen dump from the program,
are a feature throughout this
program — a menu is displayed
from which you can opt to
study, revise a subject, or test
y o u r s e l f . The s t u d y course
takes about 1 5 minutes. It is
quite short in terms of the quan-
tity of material included, and in-
struction is by way of short ex-
planatory notes (rather sim-
plistic at times) centred around a
d i a g r a m of t h e c i r c u l a t o r y
system. This is a good idea
which works well and could be
developed further. Blood flow is
shown through heart, lungs and
tissues and the effect, for exam-
ple, of suffocation on blood flow
is shown. Users can opt to
revise or test theirselves on any
of the eight subjects included in
the study course, including body
34
I SOFTWARE REVIEWS!
mechanisms, emergency pro-
cedures, broken bones, bleeding
and shock. Each time you give a
w r o n g , or not q u i t e r i g h t ,
answer to a question, the sec-
tion of the program dealing w i t h
that subject is repeated. A rather
tedious process, but one which
should drive home the important
points.
It is interesting to see the way
Network Computer Systems
have applied computer instruc-
tion methods to the Z X 8 1 .
BASIC, rather than machine
code, is indeed an appropriate
language — budding program-
mers can break into the program
E>3=51
Wordfit.
and modify it as they see fit,
learning something of computer
instruction and First Aid into the
bargain.
Someone who wants to learn
First Aid — and w e should all
prepare ourselves for emergen-
cies — should do a proper First
Aid course which includes both
forma! instruction and practical
training. All this computer pro-
gram does is to summarise some
of the main principles of saving
life. A 1 6K Z X 8 1 program could
not, of course, be expected to
do more than scratch the sur-
face of such an extensive sub-
ject — the authorised First Aid
manual of the St John Am-
bulance Association runs to
over 2 0 0 pages!
If you want to learn First Aid,
Photograph courtesy of The Rank Organisation.
enroll w i t h your local First Aid
Centre, such as the St John Am-
bulance Brigade or the Red
Cross. H o w e v e r , I see the
usefulness of this program as an
introduction to First Aid for
Z X 8 1 hobbyists, awakening an
interest in an important subject
they m i g h t o t h e r w i s e have
avoided. A well thought-out pro-
gram which uses the Z X 8 1
g r a p h i c s to g o o d e f f e c t ,
although short in content and a
little simplistic in its approach.
The First Aid Program costs
C4.99p and is available from
Network Computer Systems
Ltd, 39 Bampton Road. Luton,
Beds LU4 ODD
wordfit
— RAM writer
Wordfit is a crossword type
game — you do not have clues,
but fit words into a randomly
designed grid. Not as easy as it
sounds!
The program is written in
machine code. To start, you
select one of the eight game op-
tions: four grid sizes <8x8,
1 2 x 1 2 , 1 6 x 1 6 or 2 0 x 2 0 ) each
with or without a random inser-
tion of vowels. The pattern
within the grid is set at random
and changes from game to
game.
All you have to do is fill up the
rows and columns on the grid
w i t h interlocking words. The
program will not allow you to
use the same word twice, and
only letters will be accepted -
hyphens, for example, are not
allowed. Operation of the pro-
gram and entry of letters is
facilitated by single key com-
mands: ' 9 ' deletes the last letter
inserted, *1* clears the whole
square, and the cursor keys
move you around the grid, for
example. This system works
very well, although the program
crashes if you press Shift and
another key. You can COPY the
screen onto a printer.
As well as the grid, a lot of
other information is displayed on
the screen; total number of
words inserted, number of word
s p a c e s o n t h e g r i d , word
lengths, etc. A game which is in-
teresting and fun to play, and
educational too. You are in-
variably left w i t h a few rows or
columns into which no word will
seem to f i t , w h i c h can be
frustrating. I suppose this pro-
gram could be used to design
one's o w n crossword puzzle,
although you do have to start
w i t h a random grid pattern.
Wordfit costs £5.00 and is
available from RAM Writer, 3
Vumba House, 2 Cedar ,
Gardens, Sutton. Surrey SM2
5DB.
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983
 SINCLAIR
ADD-
from 16k - 48k
W i t h our M E 4 8 memory expansion add-ons TAPE LOAD ANXIETY?
your ZX Spectrum can increase its capacity Vu-Load takes the frustration
by up to three times. out of loading your ZX81 or Spectrum
* N o soldering • easy t o fit • simply plug programmes.
In * fully guaranteed • no loss of memory • Insures programme load every time
through w o b b l e or w h i t e out. • monitors tape output level
• gives positive save Indication
NB Before ordering your Spectrum add-on please check
which Spectrum y o u have in your possession. • detects blank tape without disconnecting
At the hack of the ZX Spectrum the metallic contact strips cassette wires „
can be clearly viewed. In the series A the space separating • ready to use - no wiring TL £19.99
the strips is the same w i d t h as the strips. In the series B
the strips are twice as w i d e as the space between.
I M E W M , C R ° T A P E
SPECTRUM ^Save it - first time,
ME48 Series A £34.50 Z X 8 I MET6 £19.25
o n American micro-tape
Series B £24.50 ME64 £44.25
Specially designed for- use
microcomputers - ^^40cTP°st &—P * uaalnq
**9
The External ME16-48K plugs
Low drop-out d^NB. D f all I W * ^ .
into the back of your Spectrum,
occurrence
suitable for series A & B. Uniform Coating \
EXTERNAL ME16-48K £39.95 High saturation level
So good, w e can guarantee them for

fanI£5J£
12 monthsl
AUDIO DIGITAL AD.C12 - 55p
1 m
ZX81 & SPECTRUM AD.C20 - 65p
SS1 SPEECH SYNTHESISER • Free 23 line memory test programme with
SIZE 3Vi"x 5 J /."x 1" every add-on. _
* Make amazing speech effects with your i — — — — — — — — — — — - x g i
ZX Spectrum. Please tick the appropriate box to order y o u r
* Specially designed for use with your
Computer A d d - o n :
Spectrum. Just plugs In, no dismantling or
soldering. Memory Expansion Spectrum ME48 Series A • Series 8 •
* No power pack, leads, batteries or other ZX8I ME16 • ME64 Z3 Speech Synthesiser SSI Spectrum •
extras. ZX81 • Tape Load TL • Level V U LVP •
* Ample volume for built In loudspeaker. Audio Digital AO.C12 • AD.C20 • External MEJ6-48K •
Manual Volume Control on panel. Can be 1MB. Add 40p Post & Packaging to the price of all items.
plugged In to Existing hl-ff system.
* Uses only one memory address. I enclose a cheque or postal order for made
* Free Dictionary of Sounds. payable/crossed to Computer Add-ons, or I w o u l d like to
pay by A c c e s s P ^ ^ and I enter my number and signature
SSI SPEECH SYNTHESISER £39.00 accordingly -Allow «<)j«yifoKwivefy

i N E W LEVEL-VU PRISM m
A l l o w s y o u to see your tape Signature
counter w i t h o u t moving f r o m y o u r seat!
* attaches easily to recorder body or lid Date
* fits most recorders Including Radio Shack,
Name
Vlc-20, Atari
* greatly magnifies counter Address.
numerals LVP £3.99

COMPUTERS, Occupation ZX2

COMPUTER ADO-ONS 7-9 Thane Works, thane Villas London N7
^ ^ I 7-9 Thane Works, Thane Villas L o n d o n N 7 '
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983 35

According to some, each of us
are governed by three life cycles
which are put into motion from
the moment of our birth. Thus,
from the date of your birth, it
should be possible to calculate
just how your life cycles are on
any particular date.
The three life cycles on which
these programs are based are as
follows:
Physical cycle — This is a 2 3
day life cycle relating to your
physical status.
Emotional cycle — This is a 2 8
36
ZX81 DOMESTIC
day cycle and relates to your
emotional state at any time in
the month.
Mental cycle — This is a 33 day
cycle pertaining to your mental
prowess.
Using this data, Phil began
writing a 1K program for the
Z X 8 1 which would indicate at
what stage each of these cycles
were at, once the user had input
his or her date of birth.
In this short program, the first
input is made at line 10 where
your birthdate should be entered
in the form DD M M YYYY, ie 18
0 2 1 9 5 7 . The second input, at
line 20, should be the date you
w o u l d like your b i o r h y t h m s
calculated for. This should be
entered in exactly the same for-
mat as the input required in line
10.
The output of the program is
the number of days before you
reach the 'worst' point in that
cycle. Thus, the result will be a
number for each cycle — that is,
the number of days until you
reach the critical stage (0 being
today').
—
Rhythm 'n' blues
The 1K can easily be expanded,
and that's just what Phil Lester
has done. His second approach
to writing a program to calculate
biorhythms takes up 3K of
memory in the Z X 8 1 , but is
simitar in structure to the 1K pro-
gram. This second program is
also a good example of making a
program user friendly.
So, if you think you're going
to have the 'blues' on a certain
day, w h y not check up on your
rhythms first.
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983
 300
330
5T "
335 PRINT MHH
YYYY"
34-0 INPUT X$
345 IF LEN X$ THEN GOTO 34-0
350 GOSUB 900
435 LET T = INT tS-R)
440 IF T < 0 THEN GOTO 1 0 0 0
445 CLS
450 PRINT ,/"BIORHYTHM STATUS
ON " X*
455 PRINT f ,"FOR A FELLOW

It
ON " Y *
460 LET D ~23
490 PRINT , t , P H Y S I C A L : "
510 GOSUB 2000
530 LET D =26
540 PRINT , , , ,"EHOTIONAL:"
560 GOSUB 2000
580 LET D = 33
590 PRINT .,,,"INTELLECTUAL
610 GOSUB 2000
700 GOTO 4000
900 LET R=URL X * ( 8 TO )
910 LET T$=X$(4 TO 6)
915 GOSUB 3000

How are you feeling

920 LET C=UAL X $ ( TO 2)
930 LET S=<A*355.2S)•<B*30.6) • C
940 RETURN

today? Phil Lester 1000 CLS

1010 PRINT RT 10/0;"THAT DAY URS
BEFORE YOUR TIME"
of Hemel Hempstead 1020 PRINT , , "PRESS N.-'L"
1030 INPUT I *

will tell you with

1040 GOTO 300
2000 LET P = INT (' ( D - i T / P - I N T (T/D
« ) * D l + .01)

these two programs

2040 IF P>D/2 THEN LET P=P-D.-"2
2045 IF P=0 OR P=D/2 THEN GOTO 2
500

for the ZX81. 2050

"
PRINT
P •! DRYS TIME"
2 0 6 0 RETURN
.."CRITICAL STAGE IN

10 I N P U T ,<$ 2500 PRINT

14 GOSUB 5 0 2510 RETURN
16 LET R =3 3010 IF T * = "URN" THEN LET B= 1
20 INPUT X$ 3015 IF T$ = "FEB" THEN LET B=2
£2 GOSL'B 5 0 3020 I F T$ = "MAR" THEN LET B= 3
24 L E TT =INT CS-R> 3025 IF T$ = "APR" THEN LET B= 4
26 C L S 3030 IF T$ = "HAY" THEN LET B=5
30 L E T D = 2 3 3035 IF T$ = " JUN" THEN LET B=6
32 PRINT "PHYSICAL,' 3040 IF T$ = "JUL " THEN LET B= 7
34 GOSUE E O 3045 I F T$ = "AUG" THEN LET B= 8
36 LET D=28 3050 IF T $ = "SEP " THEN LET B= Q
36 PRINT .j"EMOTIONAL: 3055 IF T$ = "OCT" THEN LET B= 10
40 GOSUe 5 0 3080 IF T» = "NOU" THEN LET B= 11
42 LET D = 33 3065 IF T | = "DEC" THEN LET £? = 12
44 PRINT INTELLECTUAL . "; 3070 TURN
46 G05UB 60 4000 INT AT 20 , 0; "ENTER P : COP
46 GOTO 10 V N : NEXT DRY TO 31
5C\ LET A=UAL X $ F 7 T O i 4002 PRINT AT 2 1 , 0 ; " CONTINUE
52 LET 5=UAL X » ( 4 T O 5 } 4005 IF INKEY $ ="" THEN GOTO 4005
54 LET C=UAL X $ ( TO - 2y 4010 I F INKEY$="P" THEN GOTO 450
56 LET S = <A*365 . 2 5 ; + i B *30 . 6) + C 0
56 RETURN 4012 IF INKEY $ = "N" THEN GOTO 460
60 LET P = INT ( ID - (T/D-INT (T/D 0
) ) *D) + . 01) 4 014 IF INKEY$="C" THEN GOTO 100
64 IF P>D/2 THEN LET P=P-D 4015 GOTO 4005
66 IF P^D/2 THEN LET P=0 4030 GOTO 100
68 PRINT " IN " ; P, " D A Y S " 4500 PRINT AT 2 1 4 0 ;
70 RETURN ft-*-*-*-****-*?**********-"
The biorhythm calculator for the unexpended ZX81. 4510 PRINT AT 2 0 / 0 ; "
1 0 0 CL5 4520 COPY
200 PRINT ENTER BIRTHDRTE" 4530 GOTO 4000
2ie PRINT . " I N THE FORM DD MMI' 4600 I F UAL X $ ( TO 2) =31 THEN GO
YYYY " TO 4005
220 PRINT , , " I . E . 0 5 S E P 194-2" 4620 LET U=UAL X ( ( TO 2 > + l
230 INPUT X $ 4630 LET X$( TO 2)=5TR$ U
235 IF LEN X $ < >11 THEN GOTO 230 4650 GOSUB 900
240 GOSUB 900 4660 GOTO 435
280 LET R =5 The b/orhythm calculator program expanded to fit into a ZX81 with a
290 LET Y $ = X $ memory psck.

ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1 9 8 3

Leprechaun's
gold
An amazing game for
your 16K Spectrum,
courtesy of Clyde Bish of
Exeter.
This 3 D maze game for the
S p e c t r u m does n o t h a v e
dinosaurs charging up on you
but it does have a Green Goblin.
interesting Points
1 , No maze plan is shown —
There are t w o reasons for
this: a) ! think it makes the
game t o o easy and b) the
computer does not have a
clue about the shape of the
maze until play begins! — it
all depends on the values of
RND in line 2 1 0 and the
moves a player makes. The
maze does, however, once
set, remain constant
throughout the game (str-
ings x$ and y$ ensure this).
2 . The program does not use
machine code — I feel that
the speed of the Spectrum's
PLOT and LIN DRAW com-
mands are fast enough.
And, by avoiding machine
code, the structure of the
program is more easily seen
by those w h o like to dissect
programs.
3 . The problem of 1 6K being
about 9K! — This has had t o
result in a compromise:
a) The elements of the maze
( 1 0 0 0 - 1 7 1 0 ) use, for the
most part, numbers and are
This is what you should see if you manage to weave your way
through the maze to the pot of gold.
DR25S I ~R~' PL.P.Y
38
SPECTRUM CAME
He follows y o u about, sending
an indecisive player back t o the
start, and qiving you a pot of
gold if you get to the centre!
placed at the beginning of
the listing so that they are
displayed quickly.
b) The parts which can
operate slower are put later
and use variables and 'VALs'
to save bytes.
c) The UDGs are set
separately and are SAVEd
onto tape as bytes t o be
LOADed in by the main pro-
gram.
Notes on entering
the program
1. As explained above the
UDGs have t o be set first.
Type in the program starting
at line 1 t o line 2 0 and RUN
this. This will set the UDGs
above RAMTOP.
2. N o w enter the rest of the
program and SAVE i t ,
followed by the UDG bytes
using command:
SAVE " m a z e " LINE 9 0 0 0 :
SAVE "maze" CODE
USR"a", 168
You will get the usual 'start
tape then press any k e y '
message. Do so, but don't
RGPIH
CUPSES»
You 've
F n u n d
i.he
GOLD]
i _ L
Lines
190-280 :
Description
Logic controlling the patch through the maze
(which is set up in line 8 0 0 0 — see later).
The basis is this:
a) 2 1 0 — If the next-but-one element is a dead-
end ( ' 7 ' ) then generate a random
number. If this is less than 0 . 2 then
the routine skips the dead-end, other-
wise the dead-end is reached and the
b)
player is sent back to the beginning.
2 7 0 When the playef-reaches this deci-
sion point again, if he or she chooses
to take an alternate pathway (the
original choice being held in string y$)
then the dead end is avoided.
c> 2 6 0 If during a further attempt the player
take a turning different to the first at-
tempt (excepting (b) above) then a
dead end is reached and he or she is
sent back t o the beginning.
1000-1710 : The elements of the maze are displayed on
the screen in 3D as if looking d o w n the
passage. There are three passage elements
( 1 0 0 0 : left turn, 1 1 0 0 : right turn and 1 200
: straight on) and four junction elements
(1 3 0 0 : forward or right, 1 4 0 0 : forward or
left, 1 5 0 0 : left or right and 1 6 0 0 : forward,
left or right) plus the dead-end at 1700,
These are accessed in passage-junction pairs
by line 2 0 0 . Each element (except those at
lines 1 2 0 0 and 1 7 0 0 ) are t w o part giving
first a distant view followed by one w i t h the
player (see 4 0 0 1 ) in a position to turn.
2000-2020 : if the player tries t o walk into the passage
wall this routine prevents him or her from do-
ing so.
3000-3060 : This section invites a choice t o be made
(allowing only ' 5 ' . ' 7 ' or ' 8 ' ) . If one is not
made in about three seconds then the Green
Goblin appears and sends the player back to
the start.
4001 : This displays the player as a stick man with
his hands on his hips.
4600 : A complex logic routine which, on the com-
mand ' 5 ' or ' 8 ' , causes the figure to walk to
the left or right and disappear around the cor-
ner of the passage.
4800 This causes the figure t o move forwards on
the command ' 7 ' .
5000 : This turns the figure t o the left or right before
walking (or bumping into the wall!).
: On LOADing, this is where the program
begins. Instructions are given, variables are
6000-6015 set, and the difficulty level (the number of
elements in the maze ) is chosen.
: The winning sequence. The gold is reached
(much t o the chagrin of the Green Goblin) and
7000-7999 the player is invited to play again. It should be
noted that the program can be stopped at any
junction by pressing ' 0 ' in place of ' 5 ' , '7' or
' 8 ' - see 3 0 5 0 .
8000 : Here the maze is set up as a string of
numbers (representing the elements) held in
x$. They are alternately 0 - 2 and 3-7, there
not being t w o 7s following (or a junction
would have t w o dead-end exitsl).
9000 : This LOADs the user defined graphics
(UDGs).
Table 1. A breakdown of the program. Leprechaun's gold, line by
line.
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY
3
 SPECTRUM CAME
walk away to make a cup of 3. To LOAD simply enter LOAD L "103": DRRU URL " 1 2 8 " , a : PLOT
coffee! After about 4 5 " m a z e " . The main program x , a : PROW m +n> ,ra; DRRU a,URL "119
seconds, the message will will LOAD, then RUN itself ": DRRU - u , U : PLOT URL " 2 4 0 " , a :
DRRU q - o m f m .* DRRU 3,URL "71": DR
appear again. Don't stop the f r o m line 9 0 0 0 which will nut q
tape, just press any key and LOAD in the UDGs (follow- 1010 LPT P =ui S: GO SUB i GO SUB
the UDG bytes will be saved. ing o n tape) before display- e IF n > b * v THEN RETURN
To verify use the command: ing t h e instructions, and 1 0 1 5 IF b$ < >"
7" THEN LET p=w: GO
away you go. SUB d. GO TO URL "1000"
VERIFY " " 1020 LfcT C—5 LET p =ni +b : GO SUB
Hope y o u find the GOLD!
After (hopefully) the ' O K ' h
As a final note, the single 1051 CLS : PL OT m ,ff>+m DRRU URL
message appears stop the or pairs of capital letters s h o w n " 1 5 9 " , a : , PLOT ro,URL "103": DRRU
tape promptly, then verify in the LISTing w i t h i n quotes are URL " 1 5 9 ' , a ; PLOT X , a : DRRU a,UR
the UDGs w i t h : the UDGs a n d should be L "167": DRRU I,t PLOT URL "24
0 " , a : DRRU -o tfli DRRU a , URL "7
VERIFY " " CODE. entered in the G mode.
1": DRRU q,q
1060 LET p=m+ b. GO SUB f : GO SUB
1 FOR i = l TO 19: RERD p$: FOR e : I F n > b *v THEN RETURN
n=0 TO 7: RERD a POKE U5R P»+-n 1065 I F b$ < >"5 " THFN LET p=w-S :
, d; NEXT n : NEXT i GO SUB d: GO ro URL "1050"
2 DRTR " b" * 66 , i J 070 GO SUB y PRUSE J: RETURN
66,195 1101 CL.S PL OT v -S + B : DRRU UR
3 DRTR " C ", 6 0 , L " 1 2 8 " , a . PL OT V - S / U R L "103": D
0,24,35 RRU URL "123" , 3 : PLOT X / a : DRRU
4 DRTR -d " , 24 , O , » +» : DRRU a , q - S . DRRU -q , q : PL
24,24 OT URL "24-0", a DRRU -URL " 3 2 " , »
5 DRTR "e " .. 16.. : DRRU a,URL "119"; DRRU U,U
15,24
6 DRTR , 8, S
.. ^ II

7 DRTR ,0,3
• • G ••

6 DRTR "h" . . 0 , 1
192 .0
9 DRTR " i " , 3 , 5
10 DRTR "J" , 192
2, 130,128 . 64
11 DRTR " R ", 2 , 4
12 DRTR ,64 ,
• • ^ II

16,24
13 DRTR ,2,4
" t t "

14 DRTR "n " , 6 4 ,

/ 24
15 DRTR .. ..
0 , 124-
4,56,63,63 . . p
16 DRTR ,66, I.

0,0
17 DRTR •• q ,0,0
18 DRTR • • ^ «I
, 36,
36,36
19 DRTR "S " , 36 ,
20 DRTR " t " , 16 ,
40 . 40
190 LET ="
200 FC'R i =s TO y GO SUB URL X $
<i>*URL "100"+URL "1000": I F n>b
*v THEN GO TO URL "200" 1110 LET p=W-S: GO SUB f GO SUB
205 LET i = i + S : GO SUB URL x * ( i > . e : I F n > b * v THEN RETURN
f URL " 100"+ URL "1000": I F x $ T i ) = 1115 I F b$<.»"7" THEN LET P =w: GO
"7" OR n >bfv THEN GO TO URL "200 SUB d. GO TO 1100
1120 LFT c ~s . LET P=P>+b: GO SUB
210 IF y $ { i ) s" " RND x $ ( i + b ) = " 7 K
• THEN LET y $ ( i ) =b$: LET r =RND; 1151 CLS : PLOT v , m DRRU URL
LET X${i+ b ) = ( " 8 " RND r<URL ".3"> " 1 5 9 " , a. PLOT v , URL "103": DRRU
+ ("7" RND r > =URL " - 3 " ) : LET i =i + URL " 1 5 9 " , a : PLOT a: DRRU o,UR
(b RND r <URL " . 3 " > : GO TO URL "2 L "32": DRRU a , q —s: DRRU - q , q . P
80" LOT URL "24-0" a: DRRU a,URL "167
220 IF y $ ( i ) = " " RND x $ ( l + b ) <>" ": DRRU I , I
7" THEN LET y $ ( i ) = b $ . GO TO URL 1160 GO SUB f GO SUB e I F n>b*
••280" V THEN RETURN
230 IF y $ ( j ) < > " " RND x $ ( i + b ) =" 1165 I F b i o "8" THEN LET p=w-s;
8" RND y $ ( i J = b $ THEN LET i = i + b ; GO SUB d: GO TO URL ' 1150"
GO TO URL "280" 1170 GO SUB y: PRUSE j : CLS ; RE
260 IF y $ ( i ) < > " " AND y % t i ) < > b $ TURN
RND X$<i+b><>"7" THEN GO SUB I N 1201 CLS : PLOT 1 5 , 0 : DRRU 6 4 , 3 2
T (RND+INT P I ) *URL "100"+URL "10 FOR n =2 TO 8, STEP 2. PLOT 2 *r» +
00": GO SUB URL "J 700": GO TO UR 80 , 11 +32 NEXT n : PLOT 2 3 9 , 0 : DRR
L "200" U - 6 4 , 3 2 : FOR n=2 TO 8 STEP 2: P
270 IF y $ f i ) < > " " RND y $ ( i ) < > b $ LOT - 2 * n + 1 7 5 , n + 3 2 ; NEXT n. PLOT
PND x$ (i +bJ ="7" THEN LET y $ ( i ) a 8 , 1 7 5 : DRRU 7 2 , - 7 2 : FOR n =4 TO 1
b$: LET i +h LET x $ ( i ) s " 8 " 6 STEP 4: PLOT 80+n,103-n. NEXT
280 NEXT i . GO TO 7000 n: PLOT 2 4 8 , 1 7 5 : DRRU - 7 2 , - 7 2 : :
1001 CL S : PLOT URL "4 7" ,»+»: DR FOR n =4 TO 16 STEP 4: PLOT 175-ni
RU URL "128", a: PLOT URL "47" , 1 0 3 - n : NEXT n

ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1 9 8 3 39

j
 SPECTRUM CAME
1205 *PRINT A T L + k , l + k ; CONTINUE" U - 8 8 , - 8 6 : FOR n=4 TO 16 STEP 4:
; AT x - s , U K ; " FORUfiRDS " PLOT 1 5 9 - n , 8 7 - n : NEXT n
1310 LET p s » - s : GO SUB f GO SUP .1470 GO SUB f : GO SUB e: I F n > . b*
€>: I F J) > b * V THEN RETURN V THEN RETURN
1215 I F b$ < >"7" THEN GO SUB d : G 1472 I F b*<>"5" RND b$<>"7" THEN
0 TO UAL "1201" 11
LET p =tt-s: GO SUB d. GO TO URL
1230 LET P=n>+b: LET c =a : GO SUB 1450"
h; RETURN
1301 CLS : PLOT 24-0,0 DROU - 3 2 , Which way do you go over to the right or ahead into the
16: DRRU 0 , 1 1 9 : DRRU 40,4-0: PLOT unknown?
207,32 DRAU - 3 2 , 0 : DRRU 0 , 7 1 :
DRAU 3 2 , 0 : PLOT 1 7 5 , 3 2 : DRAU - 1 6
, 8 : FOR n - 2 TO 6 STEP 2: PLOT - 2
*n+159,ti+39: NEXT n: PLOT 1 7 5 , 1 0
3: DRRU - 1 5 , - 1 6 : FOR n=4 TO 16 S
TEP 4-: PLOT 1 5 9 - n , 8 7 - n : NEXT n;
I F X$ ( i ) s"6" THEN GO TO 14-02
1310 PLOT & T 1E5P, 0 2: : DRRU 6 0 , 4 0 : FOR V
PLOT 2 *n +96 , n +4
n:
n=4
PLOT
8 / 1 7 5 : DRRU 6 8 , - \
" TO STEP 4. PLOT n
+ 9 6 , 8 7 - n : NEXT n
1320 LET p=w-s: GO SUB f- GO SUF
e; I F It > b*V THEN RETURN
1325 IF b j < > " 7 " THEN LET p G O
SUB d: GO TO URL. "1300"
1330 LET v. LET p s?» + b ; GO SUB
h
13 50 CL.S : PLOT 2 4 0 , 0 DRPIJ 0 , 1 6 UH
7: DRAW 8 , 8 : PLOT 2 3 9 , 3 2 : DRRU - HIGH <P UAY7
Press H 5 , 7
64 , 0 • D R R U C' , 7 1 : D R R t I 6 4 , : P L OT
1 7 5 , 3 2 DRRU -.16,8 FOR TO
6 STEP D- PLOT - 3 i n f l 5 9 , l H < 0 NT 1475 I F b $ < >"7" THEN GO SUB g. P
XT n : P I err 1 7 5 , 1 0 3 . DROU - 1 6 , - 1 6 RUSE J
FOP n = 4T O 1 6 STEP 4 : PLOT 1 5 9 1478 I F b*<>"5" THEN LET c=a: LE
-n ,87 -n NEXT n : I F x i ( i ) a " 6 " T H T P =m +s; GO SUB h
F N GO T O 1 4 5 1 1480 RETURN
1360 PLOT 1 5 , 0 : DRHU 6 0 , 4 0 : F O R 1501 CLS : PLOT u + I ,ro+m: DRRU K*
S T E P 3 :
u :
PLOT 2 * n +96 ,n+4 U , a : PLOT L< + I , URL "103": DRRU H
PLOT a , 1 7 5 DRRU 6 8 , y , a : PLOT x , a : DRRU m 4n» , b> DRRU
66: F U Rft= 4 T O 1 6 S T F P 4 - Pi OT o a,URL "119": DRRU - U , u : PLOT URL
6 +n , 6 7 n NEXT n " 2 4 0 " , a : DRRU -URL " 3 2 " , Jn: DRRU
1370 i F T p=w-b: GO SUB f: CO S U B a,URL "119": DRRU u,u
e: I F n > b * V THEN RETURN 1510 LET p =w-s: GO SUB f : GO SUB
1372 " I F b $ < > " 8 " RND b $ < > " 7 " THEN e: I F n > b *V THEN RETURN
GO S U B d G O T O URL. " 1 3 5 0 " lt>15 I F b$ < > "7" THEN LET p =w : GO
1375 I F b$<»,#7" T H E N GO SUB g . P SUB d: GO TO URL "1500"
RUSE j 1520 LET c =S: LET p=m-b; GO SUB
1378 I P b$ <> " 8 " T H E N L E T p =rn + s hr
LET c : GO SUB h 1551 CLS : PLOT » , » + » : DRRU URL
1380 FiFTURN "224", a PLOT in, URL "135": DRRU
1401 C L S URL " 2 2 4 " , a : PLOT x , a ; DRRU a, UP
1 S , 0 : D R R U 32,16: DRRI' L "167": DRRU - t , t : PLOT URL "2-f
0 , 1 1 9 : DRRU - 4 0 , 4 0 PLOT 4 R 0 " , 3 : DRRU a,URL "167": DRRU L,t
DRAI I 0 D R A U S , ,'X DRRU - 1560 GO SUB f : GO SUB e: I F n^b*
V THEN RETL'RN
PLOT 2 * n + 9 6 , n + 4 0 : 1565 I F b$<>"8" RND b$<>"5" THEM
NEXT n PLOT 8 0 , 1 0 3 DRRU 1 6 , - 1 LET p=w-s: GO SUB d: GO TO URL
r
'=4- T O 1 6
STEP 4 : PLOT r, + "1550"
9 6 , 8 7 -n. NEXT n : I F X $ ( i > = " 6 " T H 1570 GO SUB g: PAUSE J: RETURN
FN GO T O 1 6 1 0 1601 GO TO URL "1300"
1410 PLOT 2 4 0 , 0 : DRRU - 6 0 , 4 0 FO 1610 LET p =W-S: GO SUB f : GO SUE
R n=2 T O 8 STEP 2 PLOT - 2 + n * 1 5 9 e: I F n > b +v THEN RETURN
, D +40 : NEXT n : PLOT J 7 5D PR 1615 IR b*<>"7" THEN LET p=w. GC
U - 8 8 , - B 8 : F O R n=4 TO 1 6 S T E P 4 : SUB d: GO TO URL "1600"
PLOT 1 5 9 - n , 8 7 - n ; NEXT n 1620 LET c : LET p=w-b; GO SUB
1420 LET prni-s: GO S U B f GO S U B F t
e: I F n > b * V T H E N F?E T U R N 1650 GO TO URL "1350"
.1425 I F b $ <>" 7" T H E N L E T p =W . G O 1660 GO SUB f : GO SUB e : IF
SUB d: GO T O URL "J 4 0 0 " V THEN RETURN
. 1 4 3 0 L E T c ~ S : L E T p t=w - b GO S U B 1665 I F b4<>"7" RND b i < > " 8 " RND
b-*<>"5" THEN GO TO URL "1650"
3450 C I S 1670 I F b$ = "7" THEN LET p =ro+s : C-
1 4 5 1 PLOT 35 , 0 . DRRU 0 , 1 6 7 : DRRU O SUB h: RETURN
-8,8. PLOT 1 6 , 3 2 : DRAU 6 4 , 0 ; DR 1
AU 0 , 7 1 DRRU - 6 4 , 0 PLOT 8 0 , 3 2 SR2 i f OR
= THEN GO
SUB g PRUSE j : RETURN
DRRU 1 6 , 8 . FOR n = 2T O 8 STEP 2
PI.OT 2 * n + 9 6 , n+4.0: NEXT n : PLOT • A, ° £w + -* n g DRRU
O , u r l - :
URL
^ R R U
6 0 , 1 0 3 : DRRU 1 6 , - 1 6 : FOR n = 4 T O L. 7 t ,' a P L O T X , 3 . DRRU U + L ,
16 STb.P 4 : PL.OT 9 6 + r ) , 8 7 - n : NEXT w
W+k: DRRU a ,V + x : DRRU -URL "4.S"'
P: I F X $ l i > = " 6 " T H E N GO T O 1 6 6 0 U + l : PLOT URL " 2 4 0 " , a : DRRU -URL
1460 PLOT 239,0- DRAU - 8 0 , 4 0 FO "48",W +K : DRfll,! a , URL "95": DRR'J
P n = 2T O 8 STEP 2 : PLOT ~ 2 * n + 1 5 9 U + t ,U + I : I F i > y THEN RETURN
,n+40• NEXT n : PLOT 24 7 , 1 7 5 : DRA 1710 GO SUB f : PRINT RT l + b , L + t ,

40 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

 •

SPECTRUM CAME
"DEAD END";RT n - b , x - k ; " B a c k to t ' O " A N Db$ = " 5 " ) ; R T m - s , n ; (" D "
he ";RT m+s,x-s; "START": PAUSE b* AND b $ = " 8 " ) + < " D " A N Db $ = " 5 " ) ; A T
V: CLS : RETURN ui , n ; ( " E " A N D b $ = " 8 " ) + i " F "AND
2000 I F b $ , ' V 7 " THEN GO SUB UAL b * = " 5 " ) : PAUSE t: NEXT n : PRINT
"5000" AT w - b , n ; ("G" A N D b $ = " 8 " ) + f " H "
2001 CLS : PLOT a , m ; DRAW UAL AND b $ = " 5 " ) , A T w-S ,n; ( " I " A N Dt
"255",a: PLOT a,UAL "135": DRAW $ = " 8 " ) t ( " J " A N Db $ = " 5 " ) ; AT W,n,
"255" , a : PRINT AT l + b , l + t ; " P I'K" A N D b * = " 8 " ) + f " N " AND b $ = " 5
RSSAGE";AT ro-K , m — b; "UALL " " ) : PAUSE I : PRINT R T w - b , n ; " " ;
2005 LET p=w-b: GO SUB f AT w -s ,n; " " ; A T w , n , " " . RETURN
2008 IF b$="7" THEN GO TO UAL "2 4-800 P R I N T A T p , W ; "o " , A T P+S ,m, "
020" D " ; A T p f b , m ; " P " ; AT p + I N T P I , m , "
2010 PRINT AT << i , x - k ; "TURN " ; AT w, ": PAUSE w : PRINT A T P - S , m ; " O " ; A
w-b; "BACK " ; AT w+s, U t ; "Pre^s "; i T P , m ; " R " ; A T p t s .m; " 5 " ; f l T p + b , m ;
" 8 " AND b $ = " 5 " ) + ( " 5 " AND b$="8"> " " : PAUSE W
PAUSE a; IF INK E V $ < > " 5 " AND b i 4810 IF C=S THEN LET t=a: RETURN
= "8" OR INKEY$ < >"8" AND b$="5" T
HEN CLS : GO TO UAL "2001" 4820 PRINT AT P ~s ,m, "T",AT p "
2015 PRINT AT w , x - k ; " "; AT w, ";AT PfS,m," " : PAUSE ui : LET C »=
" " ; AT w +s / L + t ; " a: RETURN
PAUSE b*X: PRINT AT v -5 , » i "D" ; A 5000 PRINT AT p / TO ; " D " , AT P +s , m , <
T w,B),("F" AND b $ = " 8 " ) f f " E " AND " E " AND b $ = " 8 " ) + ( " F " AND b$="5">
b$ = "5"j : PAUSE b*x: CLS : RETURN • PAUSE b *x : RETURN
6000 BORDER 4 PRINT AT 1 , 5 , INK
2020 PRINT AT w+ s , I + t ; " T R Y AGAIN 4, , 2 ,
PAUSE b fX: CLS : RETURN ^C
D « 11
J ;AT 3 , 5
3000 PRINT AT w , b*t ; "UHICH"; AT u > ; AT 2 , 8 ;
-b; "UfiY?" ;RT w+-s / b * t ; "Press"; A INK 0, PAPER 5 ; " LLPRECHHUH"3 G
T w+s,w-b;"5,7 or 8": FOR n =s TO OLD ",AT 5 , 0 ; PAPER 7 ; " C a n you m
b»v : IF INKEY $ < > " " THEN GO TO U ake you way to the centre, a
RL "3050" nd f i n d the GOLD?";AT 8 , 5 , " P r e s s
3010 NEXT n 5 to turn l e f t " , A T 9 , 1 1 ; " 7 to m
3020 PRINT RT x , l + k ; INK K;"o";A ove r* o r w a r ds " ; AT 1 0 , 1 1 ; "3 to t u r
T n , I +k ; " 0 " ; AT m+S , L+K; "B": PAUS n r i g h t " , A T 1 1 , 1 0 ; "i© to e x i t J " ;
E b *x : PRINT AT k + t , x--k ; "TOO SLO AT 1 2 , 0 , " D o n ' t turn too e a r l y -
U! " ; AT I + b , m - b ; "The"; AT x - k , l + b ; you'll walk i n t o the w a l l ! " ; A 7
INK X; "GREEN GOBLIN"; AT m-k,n»-t 1 5 , 0 , FLASH 1; "BEIJARE! "; AT 1 6 , 0
, INK a;"sends you";AT x - b , l + b ; " , FLASH 0;"The "; INK 4;"GREEN G
SACK TO THE";AT m - b , I 4 k ; " START OBLIN"; INK 0 ; " w i l l be r
" : PAUSE V 4-w : RETURN o l l o w i n g you. Dun't take too I
3050 LET b$=INKEY$: I F b*="0" TH ong making a d e c i s i o n or h e ' l l c
EN STOP atch up ana send you back to t
he s t a r t "
Don t take too long to make a decision or the Green Goblin will get , 8010 LET d=UAL "2000": LET e=UAL
you' / "3000": LET f=d +d: LET g=UAL "4
CO0": LET h-UAL "4800": LET J=UP
\
L "50": LET a=NOT d: LET s=SGN d
LET b = S + S . LET k=b+b: LET I =k i
k: LET ro = l + l : LET o=m*k: L.ET q =o
+ t: LET t = k + S : LET u = t * l ; LET v =
u+u: LET w = k * t : LET X = t * I N T P I
8015 PRINT "PRESS AMY KEY TO BEG
IN": PAUSE 0: CLS : INPUT "Enter
V r o o 5LOU! A D i f f i c u l t y Level (1 to 1 0 ) " ; z :
\ T h e i PRINT "PREPARING MAZE": LET y=Z*
GREEN G O B L I N GO SUB 80O0; GO TO 19©
s e n d s y o u 7000 GO SUB UAL "1700": PRINT AT
BACK T O T H E tr.jXi INK UAL " 6 " ; " M 1 ' ; AT ro+s,x-
&TRRT B. INK k ; " • H M M " ; AT « + b , x - b, " 0
O . KM" j AT «K -s , a - t ; INK a ; " 0 " , A T u
>
, Bi ~ t , "C" ; AT w + S / i n - t ; " B " ; AT 16,21
ft ; INK 4;"o";AT 17,21,"0";AT 18,2
1 ** B "
7010 PRINT AT 9 , 1 7 , INK 4; FLASH
WHICH y f l V 1;"CURSES!";AT 1 1 , 1 8 ; INK 07 FL
P r e s s J I 5 ; 7o r ASH 0 ; " Y o u ' v e " ; A T 12,19;"Found",
AT 1 3 , 2 1 ; " t h e " ; A T 1 4 , 2 0 ; INK 6 ; "
GOLD"
3055 IF b*<>"7" AND b$<>"3" AND 7020 PAUSE 100: PRINT AT 1,5;"PR
b$ < >"5 " THEN GO TO 3OO0 ESS 1 TO PLAY AGAIN": PAUSE 0. I
3060 PI? INT AT u« , I + b; " " ; AT w F INKEY S = "1" THEN CLS : GO TO 80
, t*-b;" "; AT u" +s / l + b; " ";M 15
T K+SjlH-b; " ": PAUSE u« : R 7999 STOP
ETURN 8000 LET X$="
4-001 PRINT AT p , m ; "O" ; AT p +s , m ; " ": FOR i=s TO y STEP
C';RT p + b,m; " B " : RETURN b; LET X $ f i ) = STR$ INT (RND*INT P
4-600 LET p =w-S: GO SUB UAL "5000 I ) : LET X $ ( i + S ) =5TR$ INT (RND * k +
": FOR n=(m AND b $ = " 8 " ) + < X AND b INT P I ) : I F i <INT P I THEN GO TO
$ = "5"j TO fw + l AND b$ = " 3 " ) + t I N T UAL "8010"
PI RND b^-'S"* STEP I b $ = " 3 " > - ( b * 8005 IF x $ ( i - s ) < > " 7 " AND RND < UAL
= "5"); PRINT RT w - b , n ; " GH " ; AT w- " . 4 " THEN LET X | ( i t s J = " 7 "
s,n;"l\J";AT w ( n ( ("KL" AND b$="8" 8010 NEXT i : RETURN
)+("MN" AND b$="5"i : PAUSE I : PR 3000 LOAD " » a z e"CODE USR " a " : C
INT AT w -b , n, (" O" AND b $ = " 8 " ) + ( LS : GO TO 6000

ZX COMPUTING JUNBJULY 1 9 8 3 41

This new feature has been
introduced to allow you space to
praise or pour scorn on any
software, be it games, business,
educational or domestic, that
you may have tried and tested
on your Sinclair 2X80, 2X81 or
2X Spectrum.
Your reviews should contain
your critical thoughts about the
software and the relevant details
concerning the availability of the
package, its price, etc. If you
can provide any screen dumps
to illustrate the review, so much
the better. Any reviews
published in this section of the
magazine will be rewarded with
the price of the tape you review.
So, if you buy a cassette and
send in a review that gets
published, y o u ' l l get your
software for free!
The Tomb of
Dracula
Moviedrome video
Maria Savage
My first complaint about this
tape was that I found it difficult
to load. I've had few problems in
this department before, but as
the program is recorded on both
sides of the tape I did manage to
get the program operating
eventually.
The idea of the game is to find
a secret treasure at the bottom
of a staircase. A map is given at
the beginning (the only time you
are shown the map) and you
f i n d y o u r s e l f in a t o m b
surrounded by vaults which
contain pits of primeval slime,
ghouls and zombies. Thirty
moves are allowed before
Dracula himself comes on the
scene.
You accumulate, if you're
lucky, silver stakes which can
help you ward off the attacks of
the ghouls, zombies and even
Dracula! Staircases can lead to
either treasure or yet another
level ad infinitum — if you stay
alive that long. Unlike other
adventures, there is no choice in
encounters with nasties — if you
haven't enough silver stakes to
defeat them, too bad.
The graphics vary from good
42
[SOFTWARE REVIEWS
A new regular feature in which you, many and various: the '5' key
allows you to bank left, '6' to
the reader, get your chance to say pitch up, '7' to pitch down, '8' to
what you think of the software bank right, 'P' to power on, '0'
to power off, 'G' to lift and lower
commercially produced for your ZX the landing gear, 'F' to put the
micro. flaps up and 'D' to put the flaps
down, '2' and 'X' to control the
to bad. Whilst understanding through the cockpit window of rudders, and finally, the 'M' key
t h e need f o r an o v e r a l l the horizon and the landmarks is used to provide you with a
impression of the 300 vaults as they appear in range. The map of the surrounding land-
available, it would have been instrument panel consists of an scape, showing the position of
more enjoyable to have had instrument landing system, beacons, lakes and two runways
greater detail on those radio altimeter, landing gear of different lengths.
immediately surrounding the indicator, flap angle, air speed, The f l y i n g c o n t r o l s are
player. However, the graphics altimeter, rate of descent and reasonably sensitive, although I
are used well to give an climb meter, fuel guage, power feel that the pitch control could
impression of movement and setting, and finally, in the centre have been more responsive, and
good fight scenes with the of the panel, a radio direction the left rudder control on my
various creatures you come finder which is just like the real copy seemed extremely slow.
across. thing. The object of the program is
The game comes with a fairly The keys on the Spectrum to take off, obtain and hold a
detailed sheet of instructions, controlling the functions are reasonable altitude, fly around
and it does have a certain
e l e m e n t of s u s p e n s e , eg
entering a new level and no
map I Help — where are the
zombies?
The cassette is keenly priced
at £3.95, delivery within 18 days.
Finally, I must admit to finding
the treasure very quickly — just
luck or have they made it too
easy?
Flight Simulation
Psion
Malcolm Jay
What does it cost to fly an
aeroplane for pleasure now-
adays — at least £20-30 for an
hour? Well out of range of my
pocket I'm afraid. So all I have
are the memories of the many
hours I spent cavorting around
the sky some years ago. Until,
that is, I got the chance to have
a go on Psion's Flight
Simulation, which I eagerly
loaded into my 48K Spectrum.
After a brief study of the
instructions, I set myself to
cavorting around the sky once
more.
At the start of the program,
you are offered the option of
take off, in flight or final
approach mode, and then, if you
require, w i n d e f f e c t . The
graphics are superb on this
program, especially your view

the countryside or head for the
other airstrip and successfully
land again; I'm sure I don't need
to tell you that landing is the
hardest part! When one does
successfully land, you are
presented with the option of
running the sequence again or,
with re-fueled tank, taxi for take-
off. This phase of the program I
have yet to master — I keep
getting the message 'You
crashed due to taxiing too fast'.
The instructions are supplied
with the package are limited to
what can be fitted on the fly
sheet of the cassette. Although
it explains the various function
keys, it is not much use to the ab
initio pilot so I would suggest
that any serious, would-be
Spectrum pilot should obtain a
book on flying from their local
library.
So far, I have spent many
hours with this program. Priced
at D.95, it is far cheaper than it
SOFTWARE REVIEWS
would cost you to hire an
aeroplane, and much safer too!
ZX81 General
statistics
ICL
Dennis Trebble
This program is available from
WH Smiths at the price of £6.95.
For this kind of money you
would be right to expect a
program of very high quality
which met most of the demands
imposed upon it without any
problem. In fact, the program
menu gives an idea of the
capabilities — listing ten
different statistical techniques!
To be fair, one technique often
superimposes into another, and
the division between them is
rather arbitrary, ie the scaler
graph phases into both
correlation and regression
techniques.
The tape is supplied with a set
of adequate notes as to the
running and application of the
data, although it does pre-
suppose a certain amount of
statistical background from the
user,
I felt the graphics displays
were adequate, but could have
been improved on — in
particular, ihe section dealing
with bar charts and histograms
could have made greater use of
the computer's capabilities to
produce more satisfying visual
graphics. Obviously, the graph
axes form part of a subroutine
t h a t is u s e d e x t e n s i v e l y
throughout and it is possible to
lose detail concerning input data
as the same axes in one
operation might be using a scale
from 0 to ten, whilst another
might use a scale from 0 to
10,000!
The section on the
relationship of the mean,
standard deviation and the
normal curve was good —
particularly the sequence of
curves plotted to explore this
relationship. Other methods
included on the package are the
Binomial Coefficient,
Correlation Coefficient, Chi
Squared test and Poisson
Distribution. All, in some
measure, were adequately
explained in the printed notes
accompanying the tape, but
were not included as part of the
on-screen instructions.
The program does have its
i r r a t i n g side t h o u g h . For
example, having plotted a
scatter graph, the screen is
cleared almost immediately and
the graph is then seen with the
regression equation printed over
the top. it would have been
better to ask the user to clear the
screen and then, instead of the
regression equation, to actually
let the computer plot a line
through the graphed points.
In summary, the publishers
have tried to squeeze too much
into too little, and in the course
of doing so have made a number
Of compromises in fitting the
whole package together. Is it
good value for money? I think
so, although you will need to
consider carefully the amount of
use you might give to the
programs and reflect that a good
calculator could manage the
same tasks.
Hungry Horace
and Gulpman
Psion and Cambell
Systems
Kevin Bell
Now that Spectrum programs
are making their long awaited
appearance, there are two
programs for all you 'Pacman'
addicts. Hungry Horace from
Psion and Gulpman f r o m
Campbell Systems. Firstly I'll
look at Hungry Horace.
This is quite a departure from
the usual 'Pacman' genre, in
that the 'Pacman' is replaced by
Horace, and the ghosts have
been mysteriously transformed
into park keepers. You have to
guide Horace around the park,
eating as many flowers as
possible whilst evading the park
keepers. Clever graphics play a
large part in the game. Horace is
a novel cartoon character with
o v e r s i z e d f e e t , his eyes
constantly searching for food.
The park keepers rove around
the park ready to evict Horace
from the park if he is caught,
Should this happen too many
times then the game ends.
Occasionally, a park keeper
may drop his lunch, consisting
of cherries or strawberries which
are even tastier than flowers and
so are worth extra points. There
are four mazes in all which
repeat in sequence if you get
past the fourth one. Somewhere i
in each maze there is an exit
43

which leads on to the next maze.
Instead of power pills there is
a bell which, if eaten, causes the
park keepers to panic. They turn
white, their hair stands on end
and they become edible for a
short while. There is a bug in
this routine, however, enabling
Horace to get the points for
eating the bell without actually
eating it (if you see what t
mean!). This is only a minor
error in a brilliant program.
There is g l o r i o u s colour
throughout the program and
good use is made of the
Spectrum's somewhat limited
BEEP command. The graphics
are second to none which makes
this one of the best programs for
Uncle C's cantancerous box of
tricks. H u n g r y H o r a c e is
destined for the dizzy heights of
programming and attain the
much sought after status of 'a
classic'.
Although Gulpman is also a
Spectrum 'Pacman', it takes an
entirely different approach to the
game. It goes for speed and
versatility rather than mind-
blowing graphics. Gulpman is a
more traditional 'Pacman' ir.
which a blob-guzzling dwarf is
44
SOFTWARE REVIEWS
chased by four w i c k e d ghosts,
their minds full of evil thoughts.
Power pills it seems have gone
out of fashion, because in this
game they are replaced by
defence lasers. Instead of eating
the ghosts you can now blow
them into very small pieces, how
nice!
Versatility cropped up earlier,
and that is the watchword with
this program. Ther is a choice of
fifteen different mazes ranging
f r o m simple to downright
impossible. There are two skill
levels to adjust, the speed and
the acceleration of the ghosts.
Especially for lazy people like me
w h o can't even be bothered to
actually play the game, there is
demo mode in which the hard
working computer does all the
playing on its o w n .
Again there is full colour,
p r e t t y g o o d g r a p h i c s and
excellent use of sound. Full
instructions are included in the
program and the game is easily
menu driven. A n entertaining
a d d i t i o n t o any Spectrum
library.
Hungry Horace and Gulpman
are both priced at €5.95.
Mined-Out
Ouicksilva
Chris Adam-Smith
Mined-Out equals bombed out
and mind-blown. It's a game
with a big hook to it — it's
simply the most addictive game
I've seen, and I'm not known for
playing many computer games.
One of the latest titles from
Quicksilva, your task is to cross
several mine fields in order to
save Bill the W o r m w h o resides
on the ninth level (not that I have
got that far yet!}. You are
presented with a field which you
know to be strewn with mines
and all you have to do is to get
across as fast as your little legs
will carry you without treading
on a mine; you only have one life
so take care! When you move,
you are given fair warning of a
mine in your vicinity it's up to
you whether you heed the
warning or not.
The first minefield is
reasonably easy and once
through you are presented with
the second field, which also
includes a couple of damsels in
distress. These fair damsels are
w o r t h rescuing as they have
bonus points in all the right
places!
Which brings you onto
minefield three. Oh heck! This
includes all the things that have
gone before as well as a mobile
bomb, which although a bit
e r r a t i c in its m o v e m e n t s ,
pursues you with definite malice
aforthought. G e n t l e audio
noises and a flashing warning
tell you that bombs are around
you, but this doesn't seem to
make it easier when there's a
bomb on your tail. It's a bit like
being at the seaside when you
are running over a deep pool of
water using rocks for stepping
stones — you tend to speed up
when dry land is in sight, and
that's the rub.
I did actually make it to level
four, but I didn't stay very long
before. . B O O M ! Oh well, at
least I got the option to go back
to either levels one, two or
three.
Apparently it gets much
worse on the other levels of the
game, but if I told you how
much worse it might put you off
having a go. All in all, a simple
game and very thoughtful — a
bit like Mastermind with bombs
under your chair should you
i
'pass'. A game where you really
don't need someone offering
advice and breathing down your
neck.
Minded-Out is priced at £4.95.
The authors of any of the
reviews published within this
section of the magazine will
receive payment equal to the
amount spent on the software
r e v i e w e d . All contributions
should be typed, double spaced,
and be accompanied with screen
dumps where possible. Your
reviews should be sent to the
following address:
Reader's reviews,
ZX Computing,
145 Charing Cross Road,
London W C 2 H OEE.
 ZX EDUCATION

Six of the
These six programs were writ- of movement. The object of the
ten for my young daughter t o game is t o answer the ques-
learn some basic mathematics tions correctly in order t o get

best
while still having some fun. I
have tried t o use graphics
wherever I could, but I'm sure
you know the limitations of the
1K Z X 8 1 as well as I dol
Four of the progams deal
w i t h subtraction, one w i t h co-
the helicopter t o land. If three
questions are answered wrong-
ly then the message 'crash' is
printed at the top of a cleared
screen. If all the answers are
correct then the 'copter lands
and the game begins again.

Ms Goodridge of Rayne
presents six eductional
programs for your 1K
ZX81.
ordinates and the last w i t h divi-
sion. The first of the programs
is called Helicopter.
Helicopter
This is a simple subtraction
game w i t h a graphic reward.
When the program is RUN, a
graphic 'copter appears over
some ground giving the illusion
The level set is easy, as is the
entry of answers, which is all
one touch, w i t h no use of
Newline. This is achieved by
the CODE facility acting on IN-
KEY$ inputs. Spurious inputs
produce strange results as the
CODE values are often quite
different, but I'm afraid in 1K
there is not enough room for full
error trapping.

LET ="
a. LET ©$=•• m a„
3 LET C* = " E&$JLm»qI w
4
5
LET C=PT/PI
-? L--ET D - 25
LET E=C
Q LET F = 0
10 RAND
20 L j T A-iXNT +Ci
30 LET P=(IHT +C)
4-0 P R I N T AT E,C,A$
50 PR INT AT E +C , C; B $
SO PRINT AT E +2,C;C$
50 IF E = i l THEN GOTO 500
150
*i 11> »
PRINT AT D,C; E $; AT D,C ; D $; A
't —
155 IF NOT INKEY 5
» =" " THEN GOTO
00
ISC GOTO 150
r . .-».-V
t cIF CODE INKEYi-2B=A-B THEN
_IT E=E+C
2 IF CODE I N K E V i < > A - B THEN
--C1 1 F = r +C
= 15 IF F =3 THEN GOTO 4-00
GOTO 2 0
CLS
• > 1 0 »RINT "CRASH"
•:T OP
PRINT "GOOD LANDING"
F '! 0 PAUSc 150
CLS
RUN

. 0 - 5 =

GOOD LANDING
5-4-=??
Each correct answer you give in the program, Helicopter, the closer
you bring the 'copter to a safe landing.

ZX COMPUTING JUNE.. JULY 1 9 8 3 45

 EDUCATION

Ants then appears at the bottom of

The third program. A n t s , begins the screen, and the number of
by displaying the w o r d s 'There ants removed has t o be input
are " x " ants', x being t h e using Newline.
number selected by the c o m p - If this is correct the question
uter up t o a limit of 2 0 . The 'LEFT' appears, t o w h i c h the
ants are then displayed, and if x answer is the number of ants
was nine then nine ants are left o n screen. If this is
shown. Immediately the ants answered correctly then the
are all on the screen, the com- game begins again. In the case
puter selectes a number smaller of incorrect input, t h e word
than x and blanks o u t that ' W R O N G ' appears a n d the
many ants. The w o r d 'TAKEN?' game begins again.

HERE H R E 1 2 RNT5

Stairs still have t o be in the range of

in Stairs, a flight of stairs ap-
pears, w i t h the numbers ' 1 t o
2 0 ' next to them. (This number
can be increased, b u t w o u l d
2 0 , say from 6 0 t o 4 0 . ) A ball
then bounces d o w n the stairs,
and comes t o rest at a certain
point. ' D O W N ' comes up at the There were 12 ants on screen to begin with — how many are now
b o t t o m of the screen, to w h i c h left?
the child must input the number 1 LET

X
6 $ ='
1* of stairs the ball descended. 4 LET D =P I / P I
'TO GO' is the next question, 7 GOTO 1 0 0
3
and this requires the input of the 10 LET ( I N T t ' R N D * 2 0 ) +D>
number of stairs left for the ball 20 RETURN
to fall d o w n before it reaches the 30 LET E = D
6 Ti 32 LET F = D
bottom. If an incorrect answer is 3 5 FOR I = D T O B
input into this program, t h e 40 P R I N T Ft T
question simply reappears until _
I F I_ ~_D T H E_ N GOTO 6 5
•i a correct answer is entered. 60 IF
IF INT
I N T (( 1
1 // 3
3 )
)= 1 // 3
= 1 3 THEN L E T E
ji i = E +3
1
6 5 LET F=F+S
I o«X 70 I F F > =13 THEN L E T F - D
30 NEXT I
isTS 65 RETURN
C.- fK.
103 GOSUB 13
1 0 5 IF R < =1 THEN GOTO 100
1 1 0 LET B=.R
I20 GOSUB 10
2 0 ^ 1 3 0 IF P, >=B-D THEN GOTO 120
AH you have to do in Stairs is to say which stair the ball has stopped 135 LET C = R
on and how many stairs there are to go. 14C CLS
150 PRINT "THERE PRE RNTi
la
2 LET 6 =20 155 GOSUE 30
5 GOTO 10 LET G=B
6 LET C=(INT (RND*B)+RJ 156
7 n'ETJRN 160 LET B-C
10 LET R = P I / P I 170 LET B $ = "
13 F3R I =R TO 190 GOSUB 30
23 P R I N'T RT X, 200 P R I N T
HT :D , D; "TRKEN? "
3 0 n rn. T
i ! »1 i RT X , 210 INPUT Q
4 3 NEXT T 2 2 0 IF Q=B THEN G O 6£
SO L- i.'' 2 0 0 230 PRINT HT 21 ,D, "WRONG '
240 PRU5E 100
'

FOR I = R To
**}
t L•*> 1 N'"r' RT T 250 RUN D
r..— T* ; T RT T" — f 2 6 0 PRINT LEFT?"
rPZKT FH" IT - _h , 1+R; " 270 INPUT R
f ;HXT 230 IF RxG-B THEN RUN D
•• A 290 GOTO 230
"Or.'S o
C. w 305UB Fireman
£ 2 0 I N T RT B+R ,, R; O O U NT- Fireman is the first real 'pro- W h e n RUN, a grid of grey co-
ul /v L "JNPU*' 0
24 0 iji}=C THEN GOTO 2 3 3 gram' I wrote, and as such I ordinate squares appears, and in
2 5 3 PRIr'T RT B+P ,R; " TO GO" must beg forgiveness for the un- one of t h e m a face appears. By
C'60 r.- tidy layout of the listing. Also, INPUTting, using Newline, first
k'7 0 I F N O T R = 5 - C THE N GOTO 2 5 0 there are no on-screen instruc- the r o w number and then the
= 3 0 PRINT RT E + H ; H ( " GOOD tions. This is because the game c o l u m n , t h e m a n can be
3 0 3 "OR 1 =H - R TO 5 +H
RT I , I + R; " M uses quite a large display and rescued, and he walks off at the
3 1 0 P~ INT
3 2 0 NEXT I memory was pretty tight w h e n b o t t o m of the screen. The face
330 RUM 2 it was finished! is an inverse ' 0 ' , by the way.

46 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

I
 ZX EDUCATION
n m g m m m 3 & m w SO PRINT RT A , R j S , " " ; T
£ % $ ?? PRINT AT I , A , D
m m m m m n m 60 PRINT PT I + A , A ; "
35 IF INK EY $ < >" " THEN GOS'JB
Sfcr JSC. £s Sit ®
UK 100 NEXT I _
Sf
110 PRINT "YOU MISSED THc NUMBc
m m m. w $ P"
120 PAUS E 60
s w. m « Wi
mt
JK'-'
130
£00
PUN
LET
9
F =CODE INKEY$-28
® m ® m sfe m w 210 IF T =0 AND 0 = 10 THEN LET F
=F i 1 0
m m m m ss ik 220 L E T T =T + F
»«.
m XK 2 3 0 IF T =C T H E N GOTO 300
m m m m m 24-0 RETURN
300 PRINT AT A , A J B; " " ; T
% m m. & m m m m n 306 o p INT "'JELL DONE YOU HAD " ;
I ; " L IUES LEFT"
310 FOR U=A TO 50
Having rescued the face in the top row. third column of the building, 320 NEXT J
you are rewarded by seeing the legs of the figure happily walking away. r-r.^Ci CL?>
J
"-
3 4 -00 PUN 9
1 LET T = 1
10 FOP Z-T TO 18 STEP 2
£0 FOR Y=T TO 30 STEP 3 UELL DONE YOU HRD 7 LIUES LEFT
30 PRINT RT Z , "ffi"
U you take five from 16 you are left with 11, Be quick about your
4.0 N E X T Y answer or else you lose a life!
50 PRINT
60 N E X T Z
70 L E T A = 2 * I N T (PND*9<-T Monster division exact divisor, say three into 19,
50 L E T B =3•* I N T (RND i 13) - When you play Monster division then the number ' 0 ' should be
65 I F B < - 3 T H E N L E T B=T the robot appears, and in his entered. All the numbers smaller
66 I F A < = 3 T H E N L E T R =T than, and including, the number
90 P R I N T RT A , B ; "S" chest is a number. The sign 'IF
DIVISOR ENTER NUMBER ELSE shown on the robot are tested, a
100 I N P U T P lengthy process w i t h numbers
110 I N P U T C 0 ' is at line 1, and this means
120 I F N O T R * 2 _ T = A RND larger than 10, but good prac-
C * 3 - T < > © that if the number displayed at
THEN G O T O 30C tice for little ones.
the bottom of the screen is an
140 FOR X = 1 5 T O 2! If you get all the divisors cor-
150 P R I N T RT 1 9 , X exact divisor of the number in rect the message 'YOU KILLED
160 P R I N T AT 2 0 . X the chest of the robot, then that HIM' is shown, and if you get
170 NEXT X number should be entered using one wrong HE KILLED YOU'
176 CLS Newline. If the number is not an and the game stops.
160 GOTO 10
300 PRINT "URONG" 1LET fl=PI/PI
3LET 6=0
Rising numbers If the number is correctly 4
5
LET
PRINT
C=4
" I F DIUISOR ENTER NUM
guessed then 'YOU HAD " x "
Rising numbers begins w i t h SEP ELSE 0 "
L I V E S L E F T ' is t h e l i n e 10 LET N =INT (RMDJ20) +1
three numbers displayed on the displayed. Entering numbers on 20 DIM F(N:
screen, say a 20 at the top left, this game is again by INKEY$ 30 FOR G=R T O N
and next to the top left number a and this is where the zero to the 35 LET B=B+P
0, about five PRINT spaces right of the original number 4-0 I F INT tN/BJ =N/G THEN LET F
away. Underneath these, at line comes in. Because it is not 13.1 = G
50 NEXT G
15, another number will appear, possible to input a number 60 PRINT '' "
say three. The top left number, greater than 9 with INKEY$,and 65 PRINT " I , , f
20, represents the original because I wanted the display to 7 0 FOR Z=fi TO C
number and the number at the be continuous, the first number O0 P R I N T " f» *
bottom represents 2 0 after a input is altered if the value of the 90 NEXT Z
ISO PR I N T " • •'
mystery number has been sub- answer is expected to be equal 113 PRINT RT C . 2 ; K
tracted from it, leaving three. to 10 or greater. •t
115 PRINT AT 5 . 2 ; " T T T
The object of the game is to In the example given the re- r o s Z = 1 TO N
guess what number was sub- quired input would be 17. The 125 PRINT RT 2 0 . 2 . Z ; " "
tracted from 20 to leave three, 130 INPUT Y
first number put in is 1. As 1 7 is 140 IF N O T Y = F TZ-> T H EN GOTO 30©
and to make this harder the greater than 1 0, the INKEY$ 1 is 150 NEXT Z
number at the bottom of the multiplied by ten and displayed 160 PRINT "YOU KILLED HIM"
screen begins to rise. If it m place of the zero. The next 161 FOR 0 = 1 T O 2 5
reaches the top before the cor- number input, which is seven, is 162 NEXT O
rect number has been input then simply added to the 10 to pro- 163 CLS
the message 'YOU MISSED THE 1 7 0 GOTO 1
duce 17. RUN the program to 300 PRINT "HE KILLED YOU"
NUMBER' comes up. see how it works!
IF DIUISOR ENTER NUMBER
1
REM MOUING SUBTRACTIONS
9
LET T=0 ELSE 0
10 L E T A = P I ''PI
15 C L S
£0 LET e = ( I N T (RND*2CU+3)
30 L E T C = iINT (PND*B>+1)
4-0 L E T D = B —C A sample screen illustration from the program. Monster division,
50 F O P 1=20 TO R STEP -A showing the robot with the number 19 on its chest.

ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1 9 8 3 47
 Competition
Your chance to
win some of the
latest Sinclair
software for your
zx
ZX81 or
Spectrum.
Here's a competition t h a t ' s a
little out of the ordinary! A n d
it's your chance to be a little
creative with the English
language. No, I d o n ' t w a n t you
t o write a book or anything —
simply finish off the two
limericks I've started.
I.'m sure that you'll have
come across a limerick before
but for the benefit of those w h o
haven't a limerick is a five line
verse in w h i c h the first, second
and f i f t h lines must rhyme w i t h
each other and the third and
f o u r t h lines must rhyme w i t h
each other. For example, this is
the kind of poetry w e ' r e after:
There was a programmer from
Crewe,
48
COMPETITION
Whose achievements were all
too f e w .
His listings were bad,
Which made him feel sad.
So don't let that happen to you!
only m u c h better, of course.
To enter the competition,
you have to finish off the t w o
limericks in the box below and
send it off to our Charing Cross
Road address. The winners will
be chosen by the Deputy Editor
(that's me folks! and be warn-
ed, I have a weird sense of
humour!
Obviously, I w o u l d like to
publish the results of the com-
petition so it w o u l d be nice if
y o u could keep them clean.
H o w e v e r , should y o u feel
otherwise inspired, your entries
will be appreciated around the
editorial offices.
The Prizes
There will be three prizes in
this competition, and all involve
your choice of up to £ 5 0 . 0 0 of
Sinclair Research's range of
software, the second prize win-
ner will receive up to £ 3 0 . 0 0
w o r t h , and the third prize win-
ner will have a choice of up t o
£ 2 0 . 0 0 w o r t h of their soft-
ware.
Rules
This competition is open to
all UK and Northern readers of
2X Computing except
employees of Argus Specialist
Publications Ltd, their printers
and distributors, employees of
S i n c l a i r R e s e a r c h L t d , or
anyone else associated w i t h
the competition.
As long as the correct
coupon is used for each entry,
there is no limit to the number
of entries.
All entries must be
postmarked before July 3 1 s t ,
1 9 8 3 . The prizes will be
awarded to the best three en-
tries, the decision to be made
by the Editor of 2X
Competition
Name . .
Address
Postcode
Finish off the following t w o limericks:
There was a young lady f r o m Tooting,
W h o got all her kicks from computing,
There was a young man from Hyde,
W h o v i e w e d his computer w i t h pride.
Computing. No correspondence
will be entered into w i t h regard
to the results and it is a condi-
tion of entry that the Editor's
decision is accepted as
final.
The winner will be notified
by post and the results will be
published in a future issue of 2X
Computing.
Address your answers to:
ZX Competition — Limericks,
1 4 5 Charing Cross Road,
London W C 2 H 0 E E .
Results
Congratulations t o the follow
ing, Bdr. A J Evans, Mahmud
Adat and Mr R Pickering, for
their amazing entries to the
Feb/March competition. I
w o u l d have loved to have
printed all the words you made
out of the Spectrum Keyword
'RANDOMI2E' but I'm afraid I
didn't have the space! Your
prizes are winging their way to
y o u by first class mail. Very
well done.
My thanks to everyone else
w h o entered the competition
and m y apologies for the fact
that y o u all c o u l d n ' t win
something. And yes, 1 am quite
e m b a r r a s s e d a b o u t leaving
space for 4 0 words, as you all
managed to get more than that!
,
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983
 THE MOST EXCITING AND
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YOU HAVE NEVER SEEN
ANYTHING LIKE IT- BECAUSE
THERE IS NOTHING LIKE IT
YES, IT'S A MAGAZINE, BUT
WITH NO PAPER. IT IS ENTIRELY
'WRITTEN'ON MAGNETIC TAPE
T ^ o t ^ ^ l V ^ rte
READY FOR YOU TO SIMPLY
S'-s' ^jScS
LOAD AND RUN
»
M UNBEATABLE VALUE
ATONLY£2.99
m

ISSUE NO. 1 NOW

AVAILABLEAT
W.H. SMITHS AND
JOHN MENZIES.*
m ?
if X' mfp^

*OR AVAILABLE B Y POST FOR £2.99 (POSTAGE FREE) FROM

SPECTRUM COMPUTING, 513 THORNTON ROAD, SURREY, CR46AR

BE SURE OF YOUR COPY Please commence I am enclosing my (delete as necessaryJ cheque

SUBSCRIBE NOW! my subscription from Postal Order International Money Order for£
(made payable to ASP L td) OR
issue No. 1 (May June) Debit my Access Barclaycard (delete as necessary)

Cutout and SEND TO:Subscription

SPECTRUM COMPUTING Rates Please use BLOCK CAPITALS and include post codes
513 London Rood NAME (Mr Ms)
Thornton Heath £17.94 for6 issues UK •
Surrey, CR4 6AR £20.00 for 6 issues by • ADDRESS
overseas surface mail
£24.00 for6 issues by • POSTCODE.
overseas mail
Signature
(tick • as appropriate) Date
 ZX BUSINESS

Bank
statement
Keep one step ahead of your spending
with this program written by Mr AP
Walton of Selby.
This program, w r i t t e n for the
Z X 8 1 , has been designed t o
give output w i t h t h e ap-
pearance of the type of state-
ment sent out by the banks.
The action of the program
should be fairly self-
explanatory f r o m t h e listing
below. However, here are a f e w
simple instructions. After the
program has asked for the date
of a particular transaction, the
question 'TYPE?' allows you to
enter a cheque, credit, etc. On-
ly the first five letters of the
response will be printed, so you
might like t o think u p some
titles w h i c h will be meaningful
to you.
W i t h i n d r a w a l s should be
entered as minus amounts, for
example, - 1 0 . 2 5 would
represent a withdraw! of
£ 1 0 . 2 5 . Overdrawn amounts
are printed in inverse video. The
entire program is 1 0 6 9 bytes
long.

10 LET B=® 2020 SPUE "STATEMENT1

20 DIM T$(4.) 2030 PRINT RT 0,0;"
30 DIM D$(5)
4-0 GOSUB 1000 203S REM THRT URS 23 SPRCES
5® PRINT RT 0 , 3 j 2040 GOTO 4.0
60 INPUT D % 9000 LET KL=INT (RBS P + .003) *SGN
65 REM STOP IS SHIFTED R P
70 IF D $ ( l ) s " STOP " THEN GOTO 9010 LET KP=INT ((RBS (P-KL)#100
2000 ) +. S)
75 PRINT RT 0 , 3 ; "i 9020 LET Z$=5TR$ KP
S0 INPUT T$ 9030 LET Z«=STR* K L f " . " + ( , , 0"+Z$l
90 PRINT RT 0 , 3 ; (LEN Z$ TO )
100 INPUT U 903S IF Z $ ( l ) a " - " THEN GOTO 9060
110 SCROLL 9040 PRINT TRB (C-LEN Z$«-1>;Z$;
120 PRINT RT 0 . 0 ; " 9050 RETURN
9060 LET Z*=Z$(2 TO )
125
REM THRT URS 32 SPRCES 9070 FOR X = 1 TO LEN Z$
GOSUB 1000
130 9060 LET Z$tX) =CHR$ C CODE +
LET C = 16+6* (U <0)
14.0 128)
150LET P =RBS U 9090 NEXT X
PRINT RT 20,0.;D$; "
160 9100 GOTO 904.0
170GOSUB 9000
LET B=6+U
130
LET P=B
190 DRTE TYPE CR DR BRL
200 LET C —31 RUG OPEN 123.4-5
210 GOSUB 9000 123.4-5
220 GOTO 40 18/8 CHEQ 2 4 - . 99 98.46
1000 PRINT RT 1,0;"DATE TYPE";TR 19/8 POOL 2 0 0 . 0 0 298.46
B 13; '* C R "; TRB 2 0 ; " DR ";TRB 37 25/8 CMEO 300.00 H K !
tt 26/B PRY 80.00
; " BRL 78.48
1010 RETURN
>000 PRINT RT 0 , 0 ;
>010 INPUT C* A screen illustration from the program. Bank statement

50 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

 THE
F0RVERY BEST IN MACHINE CODE
XJ TIPUGII TH
E ZXSPECTRUM & ZX81
I An program supplied double recorded jnd mailed
\ /CTOmC 1st clots by return Prices include VAT jnd postage i / / / L i v - O / / / / - / \ / -
>yOltl/l I lO n> thin Europe SAE for full list MICROSPHERE COMPUTER SERVICES LTD
72 KOSEBEKY HOAD • LOPiDOn HI0 2l.A
MASTERFILE business d o m e s t i c filing
and reporting system So flexible that tt it equally usable for your m i l l i n g lists,
TELEPMOriE 01-883 9411
catalogues, stock control, text extracts applications are endless F u l l y user
defined data and report display formats, dynamic variable length file, records
and data items. Fully menu-driven w i t h p o w e r f u l search facilities, sorting, total.' EVOLUTION (48K Spectrum)
average, upd»t«. multiple independent files, printing. Yes. we aim t o s u p p o n
Can you Trace the course ol evolution?
microdrive when Uncle delivers. Nearly all the 8K we use <s machine code, so
you get 37K per file. Comes w i t h example file and 22 page manual £ 1 5 0 0
Start with primaeval soup & end up with man?
Survive the odd major disaster?

Kty Masterfile~16
• * r I U ( l O 1 1 1 1 1 R - 1 U for 16K Spectrum owners
We have produced a subset version of MAST E R FI LE called MASTE R FI LE 16.
Should be easy after all it's been done before'
Only C6 95
it has most of the features of big M A S T E R F I L E , w i t h 7 pre-defined report O M N I C A L C (48K Spectrum)
formats and 6 pre defined fields e g. name, address, etc., and we have f o u n d a The best spreadsheet analysts program you can buy for the
useful 4500 bytes o f file space M A S T E R F I L E and M A S T E R F I L E 16 are f u l l y Spectrum Uses include financial planning, home budgets etc
file compatible 1 and will happily process each other's files, t o that 16K owners Features: 99 columns or 2 5 0 rows
upgrade to 48K can use their old files immediately. Complete w i t h 12-page Fully prompted input
manual, priced at £8 95 Extensive repeat facilities
REMEMBER TO S T A T E C L E A R L Y WHICH V E R S I O N OF Conditional expressions and RND
Totalling and sub-totalling
Comprehensive manual
C9.95
gjTT^y^ati game of the ' man' variety
with 15 m a m . A chasers, laser defence. 9 grades. 9 speeds, demo mode, choice
Z X S I O E P R I N T (For Spectrum or ZX81)
of joystick control " A n extraordinarily good p r o g r a m " raves Boris Allan for Print sideways on the ZX-Printer to give proper 8 0 / 1 3 2
Popular Computing Weekly. We think you w i l l agree £ 5 9 5 etc.character print lines.
Easy to add to existing programs
Routines to take print lines direct from screen
9UPS almost identical spec t o G U L P M A N £4 J5 Lower case letters even on a ZX81 •
(State version req'd) C4 95
I6 64K2X81 THE FAST ONE « the predecessor to CREVASSE & HOTFOOT 116K Spectrum)
2 original games from Microsphere
VASTEHf ILE and is in use all over the w o r l d now Specification is very similar
to MASTERFILE £12.00 Can you make it across the ice-cap whilst chasms open and
close all around 9
Campbell Systems, Dept.{ ZX), Help the rabbit get to fields full of carrots but remember the
15,Rous Road, Buckhurst Hill, plumper the rabbit, the greater the danger
Essex, IG9 6BL, England. Excellent value C4 95
Telephone: 0 1 - 5 0 4 0 5 8 9

DON^MISS THIS
THE TOMB OF
INCREDIBLE OFFER!
SO
XD HORROR ADVENTURE
-Of the 1$K ZX81 or with colour and sound lor Ihe 38K SPECTRUM
GAME!
\
£9°95JSI
a superb 30 graphics adveture game Enter Dracula's tomb at 30
minutes to smset wander inrough the tom's pre-mapped 300
vaults -i search of the fabled Vampire s Treasure pick up 5 0 GAM ESI on cassette for all
the following
valuable silver stakes and use them to defend yoursell against the I 0*'. *C'< ATTACK « « [ <*T1« hlMt«l
lurking norrors ghouls, zombies, pits Of primaeval slime See I V*JZf MiKlOH CA|llT|A ADC M T ^AtAC"
I tuW'lUH' M010**Av >ium
them ail on the computer s plan of the tomb.. when tt will let you' I MSU1 BOt T •0*Ct tllto HACA -OLt
SPECTRUM
Niy Dt*AUtT(
Take a cnange on a Mystery Vault if you dare' And all the time I HAOAA lUWIk I K l t
I < » | 1 Mf»
DO " OUA i ^ v l
I tTtii.i- MAC DAV
minutes " o ticking by to Sunset when Dracula < ses from his [ R.II.*- '.L vAV>(M<uUI<lt v u t it A»C« ^ q p p k z at^ETu
| J OS ATTA-'. OVtKTAd u«v|iH
cotfin and comes alter you! Each of the infinite levels of the tomb , AV.( AC - UTTiso I K i i l • ATS
has its own 300 vaults go as deep as you like, the Prince o» I ' TNI * -SOOM TAHA(R ACORN ATOM
laowui S > « 1 V>i» 9AAAC«UT|
Dauross will seek you out in his blood ;usl' WARNING: people ol ^TtLlfiHt JITUM'1.1
an exceptionally nervous disposition should play this game
I WOK
1 }K>JUW
I -.AV.WA",
OtOWMf
r.Ag •
S> t *>.(
A
M.iM • V
W.o«CI
IKCMASCI
BBC
only during the hours of daylight! Special facility lets you save a I '.... » DRAGON
game tn progress onto tape so you can coniinue it whenever you
choose ATARI VIC20
postage f r e e t o UK
ORDER DIRECT TO SHARP
For ZX81 with 16K RAM £3,95
For 48K SPECTRUM £4.95
s^J- U.T.S.
P.O. B o i 96 ORKM
53 Lincoln Grovel NEW BRAll\l
P'ice includes ready-to-lpad cassette with library case and inlay. Harrogate
I full instructions postage- and packing Order today! Money North Yorkshire ZXR1 LYNX
HG32UZ
refunded it not delighted' Send cash, P.O. or cheque to: — S * *
PLEASE SEND ME
FELIX SOFTWARE (Dept. ZX 5) CHEQUE ENCLOSED. VALUE rut &
(incorporating MOVIEDROME VIDEO) NAME
past
now
ADDRESS
19 Leighton Avenue, Pinner, HA5 3BW.
POSTCOOE G'221

51•ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

 FOOTBALL POOLS AND HORSE

JOIN
RACING FORECASTING

THE
SPECTRUM
°0K!
AND ZX81

These massive programs use every inch of memory to

process football and horse racing data to provide you with
pools forecast results to enter on your coupon, or a predic-
tion o! which horse represents the best bel The booklets
USERS'
CLUB
provided give step-by-step instructions to help you towards
getting THE BIG WIN. Don't waste your money on games
that soon get boring — invest now in these efficient and
complex statistical analysis and sorting programs that you
c a n use for years to c o m e to give endless interest and
entertainment The author. Professor George, is lecturer in
statistical studies and a leading authority on sporting
statistics and forecasting Have his valuable experience
working for you
Make the most of your Spectrum or ZX81 by
FOOTBALL ANALYSIS (or ZX81 (16K) and Spectrum (16K) joining the country's strongest and most
HORSE RACING ANALYSIS FOR ZX81 {16K> and Spectrum (16K) enthusiastic users' club-the National ZX Users'
Both versions £15 each inclusive. Outside UK plus £1.50. Club.
Send cheque/PO to:
Holly Product*, Blackthorn House,
Dukes Lane, Gerrards Cross, Bucks SL9 7JZ.
Allow 28 days for delivery (normally 7-10 days) When you join us, we'll send you our 'new members welcome
Every ZX user should have these valuable and educational pack' with 30 programs (15 for the 2X81,15 for the Spectrum),
programs plus the first issue of our value-packed club magazine
INTERFACE.

Inside INTERFACE as well as at least six programs for your

ZX81 or Spectrum, you'll find letters from members as they

THE ART OF
share tips and ideas, and sound off on a variety of subjects
(such as you-know-who's appalling delivery times record), a
list of local ZX clubs, and special offers from software houses

PROGRAMMING
and book publishers-special offers just for members.
If you're having problems with your computer, we have
experts on tap to try and help you. If you want to start a local
users' club, we'll give you publicity, and let you buy books at a

THE1KZX81 special discount for your club members,

tf you're not a club member, you're missing out on making the
most of your micro (and try saying that ten times quickly!)
Come on in and join us, the water's fine. It's £9.50 for a year's
This book s h o w s you h o w
INTERFACE, and we'll send you a sample issue for £1.00
to use features of the 1K
ZX81. W e explain its Run by Tim Hartnell, the National ZX Users' Club is a resource
r a n d o m n u m b e r generator, just waiting to be tapped. Come on and stan tapping.
h o w to use the graphics,
look at PEEK a n d POKE and
the Z X 8 1 ' s timer. W e also National ZX Users' Club,
include a n u m b e r of Dept. ZC ^
complete ready-to-run 44-46 Earls Court Road,
p r o g r a m s designed to fully London, W8 6EJ
exploit the capabilities of
yourZX81. OK, Tim, you've convinced me: iu

Send order form with remittance to: ( ) Send me my 'new members' welcome pack' plus my first
ASP Ltd. 513 London Road, issue of INTERFACE and keep those INTERFACES coming
Thornton Heath, Surrey CR4 6AR. for the next year. I enclose £9.50 (UK), £12.50 (Europe)

Please rush me a copy of The Art of Programming the ( ) Just send me a sample of INTERFACE I enclose £1.00
1K ZX81.1 enclose m y cheque/postal order made payable
to A S P. Ltd for £2.20 (inc 25p post and packing). I have ( > a ZX81 ( ) a Spectrum
Name Name
Address
Address

("lease allow up to 14 day*'or delivery

52 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

 ZX Workstations.. THE FAMOUS *
for Spectrum&ZX81
MAP
-
inczlair x
SPECTRUM £11.95
E D U C A T I O N A L , SPECTACULAR & LOTS OF F U N !
Thii great programme it available now for £11.95 (VAT and p+p
included). Access and Sarclaycard welcome.
Dealer enquiries invited.
SEND OR PHONE NOW FOR DETAILS
These stylish plinths, KUMA COMPUTERS LIMITED
11 York Road, Maidenhead, Berkshire. Tel. (0628) 30822
in tough moulded ABS. w i l l raise and tilt t h e TV for b e t t e r
Please send me full details on Map of UK.
viewing, and angle t h e c o m p u t e r for easier t y p i n g .
Please send catalogue of all Kuma entertainment and
The power supply is fixed underneath. The printer can b e
applications programs.
used with the S p e c t r u m version, the RAM w i t h the ' 8 1 \
and the cassette player w i t h b o t h . Full details f r o m : Name:
Peter Furlong Products. Unit 5c, S o u t h Coast Rd Ind. Estate. Address:
Peacehaven.Sussex B N 9 S N A . Tel(07914>81637

..Introducing the A B F IN YOUR HIGH

^JOYSTICK kiiim s STKEET SHOPS
INTERFACE H 1
J
,/
for

Sinclair Spectrum by ' ACTIONy 't

y
81 * t Addictive Games
AKHT Oil lOVfTKK IMl U ul Aiii«mo»OFCOMrATiiif w f t x a i
ft tnf t IMMt| tx irti'im M
Hum I for SPECTRUM 48K
tafM* la * h lit mm .<*^.w<tn<
Lafcrrvith
O SK AND ZX8116K
rf 1*1 IX Ifnirin « ^VII u i —VERSION
p* b. kit until* Anr. nt* _L S tar J.ul (Mi nDnki
KM hfMM « t< Al »»|IMf l Imp' ».« ^fc This superb game is n o w available from branches of
")DTMH1 tit)
* VFTfefhi10SMUM
W . H . S M I T H • and B O O T S .
• Cn«l
ot* (LiA ultM*
tiw Manage your own team in this exciting game of skill which
JDfc vividly captures the drama and excitement of real fooiball.
I WMt KM** « 1
VflfKlAl
Oft. Ik <Wtn
| >UoIfm «<
Ml'fUI«HlH
Irr * FEATURES INCLUDE:
4 Mae
l [>-•< Rate
Aritmli
Tt** I tMt m rw M<iaM tf ...Mp^iiir*
MtanaMC M»n anfeMgtlM • AHtkIfM.hM M. Mr* * 4 D I V I S I O N S * F A. C U P • P R O M O T I O N ft R E L E G A T I O N •
• W M^lr ,<<r Mrfrjkr « T R A N S F E R MARKET * TEAM SELECTION »
tt m IMt V t M l ft out IMUd wit
HIV Fl AIL US * S A V E G A M E F A C I L I T Y * * * ANO MUCH MO/tCf * » •
1' r«M4 rtl » I ml IIH «l « HIV • h<nM (M*M lc7 w<wl
N (»•.,« Mntltlf 1h* iJ4-*» CKS WHI
ATAJU € p m s » say a b o u t i t —
1• iW
iX'itiifi .J un| on latMMk turfy I * l«c*. ik Jorpftrtt lOKTIlOLLl«St
|'»4 NAHM r MiS>n« * ItiyeHd ficirtf FOU'S »tIKOLl IVTItUCt • " YOU haraalarayi marttad to nuiu«r m football taanr. FOOTBALL
rf n* u7 mo jf «*M fU> • >n<i M VCl. Aim *0H AIM tOO MAN AO EM. ftwrlMetin G m i . II tot row tha ftmau rdaa! tor
HM .nr.* • ,.v m KVM K i • i i f t f i cm, MfilKk, w
m football (Miaeftur(A. moil uilvubig tArng "> »>i tin 3 O
M i W . " l . k M l ml. i graphicI uiorf ro [JMH (A* f<»*mj.Oi action — tha g.m. ,4 . winna,
CnftHr j... . frf 1)1 tr I:* IO... SINCLAIR USUI FFBRUARY 19SJ
•I ^ MMW. dm>
mpM WR MRS VlSS • Although I m no graat football fort, I raaHy aryoyadplayrng tint gama
- arcatlant via a mada at colour and ular dafinad graph* t I ha gama
ADDRESS " fry logically put togathar. 10 that tha darmlopmant of strategy and
tacoct hat a rmalatfmct for amampim, ona of my taamt got through to
tha fourth round of tha f A Cup mharartmmi baa tan by a sacond
"da Th•• uptat morata and maant that our promotion bid
strocn.o o n l v t o * . g f H a r d w a r e , dept zxc ladad Par hap I / should hara grvan up tha f A Cup run and haid toma
goodptayri back tha potxrtuirtiai ara mndtats Bnan Clough had
OTY ITEM TOTAL batlat match out I
ITEM PRICE * trKTItUM VIHJON ONLt. ZX COMPUTING f LB MARCH 1983
NTERf ACE MODULE II 2095
JOYSTlCWSI 7 54 i i u i r i ' u n p i i o . rut «<M(OW'*f •aori '•Nil
SOFTWARE AS TtCKEO ON LIST •U.'tll WICHO IMO. I . . ^ . • «• iHt mcniwuiiiH iui •» 11»
MK.OMi.1 lM«M.i IN I t K i . u H VIM4H
SOFTWARE AS TICKED ON LIST »i>OCCO«tvllll|iMn In Ura*f tonrt Ch«qvi* P O P*T»blr 10
2X11 Q ZX SPECTRUM • Plw lick FINAL TOTAL IUCCIII 1< IVKIHWaiO
miCMXltll<im<>
t>0.'bn«A .HKtlVl IAWI1 ba lie WO I.. Jll
oa.coat.Tc c 1 • a. ... UWHI.wwkii 1.1
oral a COOO (MW rtm |ao#i XKUI'ill comPvtin
COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983 53
 SINCLAIR NEWS

Stateside
Tim Hartnell reports from the west
Coast Computer Faire in San
Francisco.
The eighth West Coast Computer Faire, held at the end of
March in an unusually wet San Francisco, was a desert for
owners of ZX or Timex-Sinclair computers. Neither Timex
nor Sinclair bothered to put in an appearance, and the only
support for the machines came from t w o independent
companies.
The New York based software company, Softsync, had
a stand at the show, selling a range of ZX81 /Timex-
Sinclair 1 0 0 0 software, most of it produced in the UK.
Reston Publishing Company, who have decided to
concentrate at least part of their resources on the ZX
market, had a range of books (nearly all of which were
written in the UK) on display. Reston are also distributing
a range of 1 6K ZX81 software written in Canada.
The bad news for Sinclair and Timex came from t w o
areas. Texas unveiled their new computer, the Tl 9 9 / 2 . The general feeling among computer dealers I spoke to
Selling for $ 9 9 . 0 0 , this computer is a 4K black and whtie in the US was that Timex have somehow missed the boat.
machine, housed in a solid and impressive-looking silver Certainly, I saw only one TS 1 0 0 0 on sale in the whole of
case with large discrete keys somewhat like those San Francisco, and that was in a 'drug store', next to the
provided on calculators. Although it is only black and watches and cheap transistor radios.
white (28 characters by 24 lines), it appears to outclass However, the ace up the Timex sleeve is the TS 1 500,
the ZX81 by miles. It is not particularly fast, but has a which is a ZX81, with 1 6K on board, furnished with a
flicker-free display, which appears much faster than the Spectrum-like keyboard. My spies indicate Timex will sell it
ZX81 in Slow mode. for $ 9 9 . 0 0 , exactly matched up against the Tl 9 9 / 2 . I
The other bad news comes from a new company. don't know what this means for the TS 1 0 0 0 , which is
Venture Micro Inc. of Cupertino, California, who unveiled a supposed to have a list price of $ 9 9 . 0 0 (but which has
very impressive $ 1 2 9 . 9 5 colour computer, the been selling for as little as $ 5 7 . 5 0 , according to some
Humdinger. Smaller than a Spectrum, with the same sort reports). I guess the TS 1 0 0 0 will go on sale for $ 5 0 . 0 0 ,
of keys, the Humdinger has 1 3 (!) graphic modes with with the TS 1 5 0 0 taking the higher level, The editor of
eight colours and a highest resolution of 2 5 6 x 192. This one major US computer magazine told me that the
is the same as the Specturm, but in contrast to the difference between $ 7 0 and $ 1 3 0 fthe current price of
Spectrum's 32 by 22 colour mask, the Humdinger has the Vic-20) was negligible to American consumers, so
pixel-addressed colour. This, of course, consumes even at a low price, the TS 1 0 0 0 may be battling uphill to
memory, but as the machine can be expanded to 64K, is get new buyers. We shall see!
not too much of a problem.
The basic Humdinger is supplied with 4K on board and
the sound is superb. Four voices, with a range of five Read All About It engineering and design, to
arcade and adventure games.
octaves, provide almost 'arcade quality' sound. The sound
comes through the TV speaker. Those interested in this
A new American publication publication can find out more
may be of interest to
Too Good To Be True Timex/Sinclair 1 0 0 0 / Z X 8 1
from the publishers, the E
Arthur Brown Company, 1 702
These specifications pale beside the fact that the owners priced at $ 5 . 0 0 , it Oak Knoll Drive, Alexandria,
Humdinger comes with interfaces for the following, all is called the Timex-Sinclair MN 5 6 3 0 8 , USA.
built-in on the standard machine: Centronics parallel printer 1 9 8 3 Directory.
port, serieal RS232 port with full handshake to connect to In just over 9 0 double
modem, terminal or network, joystick port and cartridge columned pages, the book T.MEX.SWCU"
port for plug-in software. A standard disc operating covers such subjects as:
system was said to be 'five weeks' away, along with a where to find disc drives,
graphics tablet and an EPROM programmer. RAM extensions, printers,
Frankly, the Humdinger sounds too good to be true to modems, keyboards,
me. But I bought one (not yet delivered, t w o weeks after interfaces, books, periodicals,
the show) and so did Richard Turner, head of Artie programming aids, etc.
Software. The company said they have no plans at Including photographs to
present to launch the machine in the UK, but will be illustrate the items, it
discussing doing so before the PCW show later in the describes special applications
year. like control circuitry,
Presumably Richard Turner sees a potential software enchanced graphics, voice
market for the machine. I'll report on the Humdinger, once generation, music synthesis,
I've put it through its paces, in a future issue of ZX video inversion, light pens,
Computing. Certainly it seems superb to me, an opinion joysticks, etc. There is also a
shared by computer journalist Guy Kewney, who. alerted guide to software available
me to the machine during a discussion in the Faire's press including everything from
room. spreadsheets, word
processors, data banks,

54

Summer
Holiday
Dolphin Activities Ltd was
formed last year w i t h the
assistance of the Department
of Industry's Education Unit
and Information Technology
Year '82 to operate Summer
computer camps for young
people. These proved so
popular that Dolphin has
developed a broader range of
holidays and substantially
increased capacity.
It is expected that 3 , 5 0 0
children will attend their
summer camps this year, and
to complement this, they are
launching a unique family
weekend at the centres where
adults will be able to narrow
the 'technology gap' and
explore new interests with
their children.
On The Run
Cambridge's second annual
Festival Half-Marathon,
sponsored by Sinclair Research
for £5,000, is to be held on
Sunday, 17 July. Starting at
10.00am from Parkers Piece,
competitors, up to 2 . 0 0 0
atheletes, veterans and
enthusiasts, will follow a two-
lap course around the city by
way of Fen Causeway,
Grantchester and Trumpinton.
It you want to make a
weekend of it, the Cambridge
festival itself begins on
Saturday, 16 July. (If Dad
doesn't want to drive you all
CKve running at last year's Half
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1 9 8 3
SINCLAIR NEWS
With enormous support
from industry. Dolphin are able
to provide over £ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 of
micros and interfacing
equipment at each centre. The
major computer support is
from Sinclair Research Ltd
w h o have provided 2 0 0
micro systems.
the way there and back, you'd
better play your trump card
and tell him about the real ale
tent!) You might even get a
glimpse of Uncle Clive if, like
last year, he enters the run
himself.
And if you do manage to
see him, you may see a wry
smile on his face for if you
had been reading some of the
more up-market national press,
you'll have noticed he was
named The Guardian Young
Businessman of the Year. The
award, made this year for the
1 3th time {not that unlucky,
w e hope), celebrates a
significant contribution to
business at a personal,
company and national level.
Marathon.
The courses are fun and
informative and concentrate
on three main areas:
computing, robotics and
psychobionics, while also
aiming to teach beginners
BASIC programming. Everyone
has the opportunity to control
and even build robots, and this
Statistically
Speaking
I thought you might be
interested to hear about some
new computing statistics
compiled by the British Market
Research Bureau based on
their findings on a national
survey of 2 , 0 0 0 households
conducted in January and
February of this year.
There are now nearly one
million British households w i t h
their o w n computer, and this
figure could double before the
end of 1 9 8 5 . The leading
makes, in terms of models
owned by micro users, are the
Sinclair ZX81 w i t h 4 3 % of
the market and the ZX
Spectrum with 1 4 % . Over
4 0 % of computers were
Citizen s Advice
Computers for Fun,
Computers for Business
(CFCB) have launched an
enquiry bureau initially for
Spectrum users. Among the
services offered will be
technical advice, programming
advice and help w i t h
debugging your listings, and
aid w i t h actually listing your
programs
The bureau charges £ 1 . 0 0
for each service required, and
just 30p for the newsletter
which will contain articles and
—
is all combined w i t h sporting
and creative activities such as
video film and cartoon making,
windsurfing, go-carting and
horse riding — all part of a
well-planned week or
weekend.
There is a wide variety of
holdiday options available and
all are based in beautiful parts
of the British countryside. For
further details of these
computing holidays, get in
touch w i t h Dolphin Activities
Ltd, 6 8 Churchway, London
NW1 1LT or telephone
0 1 - 3 8 7 5 6 0 2 . Have a nice
Summer!
You may also like to note
that as a special offer, should
t w o children from one family
wish to take a holiday at a
Dolphin camp, or a child
holidays for t w o weeks,
Dolphin Activities will give
them a free Z X 8 1 . Can't say
fairer than that can you!
bought as gifts and 5 7 % of
December 1 9 8 2 sales were
gift purchases (the ZX81 and
ZX Spectrum accounted for a
very large percentage of
these).
The most frequently used
software packages are the
arcade games, although over
2 5 % of households use them
mainly for educational
purposes.
An interesting statistic
involved w h o actually uses the
computers mostly males,
and in particular sons, are the
users of the family home
computer. The survey shows
that 4 5 % of users are aged
18 or under and only 1 2 % are
aged over 4 0 . The survey also
revealed that females have
little interest in computers at
all!
letters of interest to all
software and hardware users.
Alternatively, a fee of £ 5 . 0 0
per annum entitles you to as
many free enquiries as you
like, as well as free copies of
the newsletter. CFCB
guarantee to return your
money if they are unable to
answer your query.
For further information or
service contact CFCB, 6 1 0
Washwood Heath Road, Ward
End, Birmingham B8 2HG. tf
you want to telephone, ask for
Chris or Jean on 0 2 1 - 3 2 7
0984.
 SOFTWARE NEWS

Software in Brief Plan Ahead

• A new spreadsheet program called FlexiCalc is now I « V L . f .r
available for the 4 8 K Spectrum which will be of use in real New from Proxima Centauri K w ^ M y !
planning situations. Priced at £ 9 . 9 5 , FlexiCalc features Ltd comes the Proxima
control over the numbers of rows and columns of the Graphic Planner, designed as a
spreadsheet, on-screen prompting, and full maths supplement and aid for all who
capability. For further details contact Saxon Computing, 3 are interested in defining their
St Catherines Drive, Leconfield, Beverley, Humberside or o w n computer graphics.
telephone 0 4 0 1 5 0 6 9 7 . The Graphic Planner, priced
• Flowchart Ltd have just released three new programs at £ 3 . 5 0 , is an A 4 , 8 0 page
for the Sinclair Spectrum. IQ Test is a compelling way of book which includes t w o
testing your IQ, Joker is a fun program including a variety pages of ideas and instructions
of jokes, puns, riddles and other graphical nonsense, and for future use. This is followed
Home Budget is a package designed to enable a personal by 12 pages containing over
record to be created of estimated monthly expenses and 3 0 0 pre designed computer
income. For further details of these new programs get in graphics which can be used
touch w i t h Flowchart Ltd, 6 2 High Street, Irthlingborough, immediately or used to spark column values pre-printed for
Northants NN9 5TN or 'phone 0 9 3 3 6 5 0 0 7 3 . your imagination. All the row your convenience. This latter
values of the graphics have facility is obviously useful if
• The Invisible Man is an educational program released
been calculated to save you you are planning to include a
for use on the Spectrum which will help children, aged
time. number of user-definable
seven t o 13, to learn more about co-ordinates and
compass points. Priced at £ 5 . 9 5 , there are three levels of There are also t w o graphics within one program
difficulty to suit different age groups. For more information programs in BASIC which you and you wish to get some idea
contact Chalksoft, Lowmoor Cottage, Tonedale, can use to test your graphics, of what all the graphics will
Wellington, Somerset T A 2 1 OAL or telephone 0 8 2 - 3 4 7 to calculate decimal values look like on one page.
7117. from binary, to POKE graphics So, if you want to free
• Another blockbuster from Melbourne House comes in to memory and to SAVE yourself from the keyboard
the guise of Penetrator, in which your mission is to graphics to tape. Lastly, there and VDU, while still planning
penetrate through four defence rings and blow up an are 6 4 pages, each printed the graphics for your next epic
illegal cache of neutron bombs — a virtually impossible with up to 4 8 eight by eight program, w h y not get in touch
feat! Enemy missiles and radar bases track your every box arrays. These box arrays w i t h Proxima Centauri Ltd, 23
movement as you bomb your way through the various are arranged singly, in groups Denmark Street, London
caverns which you yourself can user-define. For further of t w o , four or 4 8 , w i t h W C 2 H 8NA,
details contact Melbourne House Ltd, Glebe Cottage,
Glebe House, Station Road, Cheddington, Leighton
Buzzard, Bedfordshire LU7 7NA or 'phone 0 1 - 4 0 5 6 3 4 7 . The Taxman professional accountancy time
and the equivalent of t w o
• Dietron is a new program for those of you wishing to
establish your o w n personal nutritional diet. Based on the
Cometh person-years
of program time to develop.
4 8 K Spectrum, this package lets you choose from 1 5 0 of If you haven't got around to The first Microtax package is
the most popular kinds of food, showing the breakdown of that most dreaded of all tasks, an income tax system for
calories, etc, helping you to lose weight. For more working out your tax for the 1 9 8 2 / 3 , but there will be a
information contact Customdata, 2 0 Friars Quay, year, here could be the answer 1 9 8 3 / 4 , version of the
Colegate, Norwich NR3 1ES or telephone 0 6 0 3 6 1 4 8 1 2 . for you. program available in Autumn
• Kuma Computers have released a new package called Consisting of a series of 1 9 8 3 . Also, in 1 9 8 3 ,
Map of the UK which is designed to run on the 48K programs on tape complimentary systems will be
Spectrum. Comprising a large scale map of all the United accompanied by a available dealing in more detail
Kingdom plus the Republic of Eire, at any one time, a 75 comprehensive manual. w i t h the taxation of business
by 6 0 mile area of the map can be viewed on-screen. For Microtax is claimed to be the and professional income and a
further information get in touch w i t h Sassafras Software, first easy to use third system to cover Capital
4 1 Skenfrith House, Commercial Way, London SE15 or microcomputer system for Gains Tax,
•phone 0 1 - 7 3 2 4 7 7 7 . completing tax returns. In Microtax is available for
• Designed to operate on either the 16K or 48K addition to calculation of tax £ 2 4 . 9 4 (including postage
computer comes Blind Alley, a simulation of a deadly duel, liabilities, Microtax also and packing} from Microtax
set deep in space. Priced at £ 4 . 9 5 , you can find out more provides Spectrum users w i t h Ltd, Barratt House, 4 t h Floor,
about the tape from Sunshine Books Ltd, Hobhouse Court, all the details to be filled in on 7 Chertsey Road, Woking,
19 Whitcomb Street, London W C 2 7HF. the 1 9 8 3 / 4 tax return (which Surrey GU21 5AB. Telephone
• Aimed at kindergarten children, this new package for is the return of the income for enquiries can be made on
the 16K Spectrum will help your child tell the time and the tax year 1 9 8 2 / 3 and a 04862 20369.
distinguish between different coins and amounts of claim for allowances for the
money. Available at £ 5 . 5 0 , you can find out more about tax year 1 983/41. For those
the program from Poppy Programs, Richmond House, w i t h their o w n printer,
Ingleton, Carnforth, Lanes LA6 3AN. Microtax even provides a
• A cassette for your 16K Z X 8 1 has been released called printout of all the relevant
details so that they can be
^jlddSSPi
High Resolution which contains three programs: Toolbox,
Sine Wave and 3D Exponential Graphic Generator. attached to the return.
Packaged by Computer Rentals Ltd, you get more details Microtax was first OUK*
by writing to 1 4 0 Whitechapel Road, London E l or

•J
developed by Tax and
'phoning 0 1 - 2 4 7 9 0 0 4 . Financial Planning Ltd and
took nine months of

56 ZX COMPU.. "983
software
Released
Quicksilva have been busy
once again and released a new
range of software for your
16K ZX81 and ZX Spectrum.
For the Z X 8 1 , there are
five new packages: 3 D Black
Star, a fast 3D graphics game
which places you deep in
outer space; Ocean Trader, an
adventure set in the 1 9 t h
centruy; Damper and Glooper,
a couple of fast machine code
games; Cosmic Guerilla, a
space game in which you are
chased by a cluster of guerilla
craft; and Pioneer Trail, a
western adventure featuring
20 levels of play. 3D Black
Star, Ocean Trader, Damper
and Glooper, Cosmic Guerilla
and Pioneer Trail are priced at
£4.95, £3.95, £ 4 . 9 5 , £ 3 . 9 5
and £3.95 repectively.
And if you think they sound
exciting, there are three n e w
packages for the ZX
Spectrum. Two games for
your 16K computer are
Astroblaster, in which y o u are
attacked by Cybirds, Meteors,
plasma and goodness k n o w s
what else, and Frenzy, a game
in which you stumble around a
series of rooms taking special
care not to step on the
exploding pods or minelayers.
The last tape is called W o r d
Processor and is designed to
run o n the 4 8 K Spectrum.
Featuring menu driven
prompts, y o u can justify all
your text both on-screen and
o n the printer. Astroblaster,
Frenzy and Word Processor
are priced at £ 4 . 9 5 , £ 4 . 9 5
and £ 5 . 9 5 respectively.
I d o n ' t k n o w whether y o u
saw Nick Lambert of
Quicksilva on the TV the other
week, but Quicksilva are
certainly proving the rags t o
riches tale. " W e started off
w i t h a £ 2 0 0 bank overdraft
and have never been in debt
again. Next year, w e predict a
turnover of between £ 10 and
£ 5 0 million" asserted the 3 1
year old ex-test engineer.
Well, that certainly leaves a lot
of room for error but remains
an inspiration to software
companies everywhere.
One Step
Beyond
If you're tired of programming
your computer w i t h BASIC,
y o u may like t o take a chance
w i t h machine code. Machine
code programming works a lot
faster than BASIC and you'll
save a lot of space in memory
— all you have to do is learn
the mysteries of machine
code.
A n d before you give up,
the City of London Polytechnic
are offering an evening course
in Z 8 0 assembly language
programming that is intended
' t o strip the mystery f r o m this
fascinating subject and enable
you to appreciate the
innermost workings of your
computer'.
At the end of the course,
you should be able to write
your o w n machine code
programs — those that will
stand on their o w n or perform
utilities called from programs
in BASIC.
The course takes place on
2 8 t h and the 3 0 t h of June,
1 9 8 3 , and is £1 5 . 0 0 per
person. Application forms and
further information are
available from the Short
Course Unit, City of London
Polytechnic, 8 4 Moorgate,
London EC2. Telephone
applications should be made
on 0 1 - 2 8 3 1 0 3 0 .

in sickness
A free-standing computer
program which calculates
Statutory Sick Pay (SSP) is
now available from Hilderbay
Ltd. use of the program
requires no knowledge of
computing or of the workings
of SSP.
As you probably k n o w if
you are an employer or
employee. Statutory Sick Pay
came into operation on 6
April, 1983. There is an
employer's guide to SSP, but
it's over 60 pages long! All
employers must calculate and
pay SSP to their sick
employees, and then recover
their payments by deducting
them troni their National
Insurance Contributions —
there is a fine of £ 2 0 0 plus
£20 per day for failure to keep
• •
the required records.
The program, priced at £ 3 5
as part of an introductory
offer, has been designed t o
run on the 4 8 K Spectrum. The
first time the user runs the
program, it should help explain
the necessary steps needed to
be taken: a comprehensive list
of exceptions are gone
through; the program asks for
details of the employee's pay
and dates of sickness; and
finally, the program computes
and prints the SSP payable
and other information required
for future use.
For further information on
this package, get in t o u c h
w i t h Hilderbay Ltd, 8 / 1 0
Parkway, Regents Park,
London N W 1 7 A A or
telephone 0 1 - 4 8 5 1 0 5 9 .
•
On The Side
Microsphere is a new
company set up t o produce
software, and three cassettes
f r o m their range are aimed at
the ZX Spectrum.
The first, ZX-Sideprint, is a
utility enabling printout to be
produced sideways on a
Sinclair Printer. As you can
use print lines of any length,
any columns of figures can be
presented in a more readable
7 0 or 8 0 column format. The
program is fully relocatable
and includes a routine to
actually do this job for you.
The program is available for
the Z X 8 1 and ZX Spectrum
and both are priced at £ 4 . 9 5
respectively.
The second program is
aimed at the business market
and is called Omnicalc. As its
name suggests, it is a
spreadsheet analysis program
for the 4 8 K Spectrum and is
extremely useful for things
mathematical. Written entirely
in machine code, the program
has been put together so that
a first time user could easily
pick it up; these are prompts
for all inputs, verification of
each character input, and a
collection of meaningful error
displays. Omnicalc is priced at
£9.95.
The final cassette from the
Microsphere stable is a games
package for the 16K
Spectrum. Priced at £ 4 . 9 5 ,
the titles include at Crevasse
and Hotfoot.
For further details of this
software, contact Microsphere
Computer Services Ltd, 72
Rosebery Road, London N 1 0
2LA. Telephone enquiries can
be made on 0 1 - 8 8 3 9 4 1 1 .

ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

 HARDWARE NEWS

Hardware in Brief
window Shopping?
• Cheetah Marketing Ltd have introduced t w o new RAM Do you need any help with and a number of sticky
packs onto the market. Both models, professionally cased PLOT, DRAW and CIRCLE on patches. Using the various
in a custom made unit, are designed to fit snugly into the your Spectrum? If you do, window masks over a test
back of the 2 X 8 1 ensuring that no program loss occurs Victa Ceramics may just have design, the mask will hide all
through 'wobble'. The 1 6K and 64K versions are available come out with the perfect idea the unwanted co-ordinates
priced at £ 1 9 . 9 5 and £ 4 4 . 7 5 respectively. Both packages for you. leaving you with the required
are fully guaranteed for three months and comprehensive Comprising a white plastic figures — making a difficult
instructions are provided with each. For further base sheet, a clear plastic task a lot easierl
information contact Cheetah Marketing Ltd, 3 5 9 The offset co-ordinate window, a Por more information on the;
Strand, London WC2R OHS or 'phone 0 1 - 2 4 0 7 9 3 9 . clear plastic calibrated window Victagraph, get in touch with
and a clear plastic window Victa Ceramics, 6a Bow
• A new 'quick reference' card for the Z X 8 0 and Z X 8 1
mask with a plot sight in each Street, Rugeley, Staffordshire j
micros has been introduced by Elkan Electronics. The
corner, the Victagraph also or telephone 0 8 8 9 4 2 4 2 6 .
Nanos cards comprise a number of fold-up (accordian
includes a test design, The Victagraph package is
style) pages each with 10 panels of information. Written
comprehensive instructions priced at £ 7 . 5 0
by Paul Nanos of Nanos Systems Corp., the cards are
claimed to have all you need to program your Z X 8 0 / 8 1 .

Finger Fever
Priced at £ 3 . 5 0 each, you can find out more from Elkan
Electronics, 11 Bury New Road, Prestwich, Manchester
M 2 5 6LZ or telephone 0 6 1 - 7 9 8 7 6 1 3 .
• DAZRAM (which stands for Database and Z X 8 1 shared
RAM) will connect a ZX81 and a Database together,
greatly enhancing both products. It will enable the user to Simple ideas are always the key having a travel of about
write machine code programs on the Z X 8 1 and by a best ideas, and this product is three to four millimetres -
command from the keyboard, switch the program written no exception. which is enough to make sure
to the Database to be played. By using the Z X 8 1 and a Consisting of a black ABS you have a positive feel.
new monitor program specially written for it, the DAZRAM resin case, this push button The spring in the keys is
will have more advanced editing facilities plus the ability to keyboard for the ZX81 is fixed provided by the base plate,
produce hard copy on the ZX Printer. Intended to help the to the computer via a number each key pressing down onto
newcomer to conquer machine code programming, you of adhesive pads. Once this is a triangular tab which is part
can find out more about DAZRAM from Voltmace Ltd, done, you have a much of the moulding of the base.
Park Drive, Baldock, Herts SG76EW or you could improved keyboard for your This in turn causes the raised
telephone 0 4 6 2 8 9 4 4 1 0 , computer. peg on the other side of the
There is little problem tab to make contact with the
• Fuller Micro Systems Ltd are boasting that they have locating the keyboard in the surface of the ZX81 's
sold more than 1 0 , 0 0 0 ZX81 keyboard and keyboard correct place over the keyboard.
case conversions since exhibiting the prototype way back keyboard, you just have to The Push Button keyboard
in 1 9 8 1 . And n o w they have incorporated a sound make sure that the whole unit is priced at £ 9 . 9 5 and you
expansion unit within the casings and are soon hoping to is central. Once attached, you can find out more about this
announce a fully re-designed keyboard for the Spectrum have a ZX81 with a keyboard product from File 60,
which will incorporate a space bar. ZX81 users can buy made up of raised keys, each FREEPOST, London W 9 2BR.
the conversion system for £ 2 9 . 9 5 , the keyboard and case
kit for £ 2 4 . 9 5 or the keyboard kit only for £ 1 4 . 9 5 . The
new re-designed keyboard with the space bar will cost
£ 3 9 . 9 5 . But that's not the end of the news from Fuller
they are also introducing the Fuller Box and the Fuller
Orator. The Fuller Box offering amplification, joystick
control and a sound synthesiser costs £ 2 9 . 9 5 , and the
Fuller Orator, which translates typed-in words from the
keyboard into spoken words and sentences is priced at
£ 3 9 . 9 5 . For further details of what Fuller have in store for
you in 1 9 8 3 , w h y not contact Fuller Micro Systems,
Sweeting Street, Liverpool.

• The ROM-81 is a memory expansion unit for the ZX81

enabling the user to read useful routines and commonly
1® ® ® ®
used information which is stored in UV erasable,
programmable Read Only Memory. As the most popular mm ~ „

M l
EPROMs have a maximum access time of around 4 5 0 t
Hz. rt,

MMk
nanoseconds, there is a special 'Wait State' circuit in the
ROM-81 which automatically requests that the CPU in the
ZX81 waits until the data has been read. Available in a
black ABS case, the ROM-81 device is designed to plug
onto the back of the ZX81 allowing further expansions to
be made. It is supplied with comprehensive user notes
which provide programs for data retrieval. For more
information on the ROM-81, get in touch with Cambridge
Microelectronics Ltd, 1 Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 1UY

58 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983


would you Adam
and Eve it?
Stephen Adams has come up
with a number of devices for
the Sinclair range of
computers. First up is the
Straight adaptor, w h i c h
converts the ZX Spectrum to
the same expansion port as
the ZX81, but does not do
any address conversion. Thus,
you can obtain a full 6 4 K of
addresses when the printer is
in use. It may also be used to
isolate some of the dangerous
voltages involved w h e n using
I/O ports. The device, like the
rest of the range of adaptors,
plugs into the expansion port
at the back of the Spectrum
and does not require any
special instructions or machine
code to use it.
Getting into Print
If you've felt the frustrations
of utilising the ZX Printer or
to
would like to orient the
1
Spectrum more towards the
business side, you may like to
>d
know of the Kempston
Centronics interface which can
e
be used to link your computer
up to Centronics type printers.
A major feature of this
package is its recognition of
LLIST and LPRINT, which
means that you can list
directly from the Spectrum
and also get printout direct
from listings (BASIC only)
without the need for special
user calls. It is also possible t o
send out control codes to the
printer giving the facility of
different characters, for
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983
HARDWARE NEWS
The Eve adaptor is available
for those people w h o o w n the
48K Spectrum, allowing them
to access the wide range of
Z X 8 1 add on devices n o w on
the market. However, the Eve
adaptor will only work for
devices w h i c h work in the
0 - 1 6K section of the Z X 8 1 ' s
memory map and it will not
allow you to add more than
4 8 K RAM. The A d a m adaptor,
on the other hand, has been
developed for the 1 6K
Spectrum and simply allows
users t o add on the Sinclair (or
compatible! 1 6K RAM Pack
doubling your memory at a
stroke.
A n update of the A d a m
adaptor is the aptly-named
example, condensed,
expanded, etc.
The interface is supplied
cased and ready to use by
simply plugging it into any
Centronics type printer, such
as the Seikosha 1 0 0 A, the
* has been specifically designed
A d a m II adaptor. This device
allows the use of t w o sets of
peripherals t o be added at the
same time on the 1 6K
Spectrum. Thus, you could
have a 16K R A M pack and
any device w h i c h was
contained in the 0 - 1 6K area of
the Z X 8 1 's memory m a p s u c h
as ports and EPROM
programmers (but not Z X 8 1
EPROM programmers), or a
battery backed RAM.
All the adaptors are
available from Stephen Adams
for £ 9 including V A T , postage
and packing.
But before you rush o f f ,
Stephen has also developed
what he claims to be the only
programmable tape controller
available for the Z X 8 1 and
Spectrum. The device can be
used to select which tape
recorder lead is required for
SAVEing or LOADing; thus,
you d o n ' t have to pull out the
Oki Microline 8 0 , and all
Epsons including the M X - 8 0
F / T 1 1 1 , etc.
Complete w i t h connecting
lead, the Centronics interface
is priced at £ 4 5 . 0 0 plus
£ 1 . 0 0 postage and packing,
w h i c h includes a 1 2 m o n t h
On The Level?
Hi-Stak is a new add-on w h i c h
to improve the usability of a
wide range of personal
computers, including the
Z X 8 1 and ZX Spectrum, by
raising the back to a
calculated level. Fundamental
ergonomics reveal that this
makes the keys more
comfortable t o operate, and
their printed surfaces that bit
easier to read.
A simple idea, the Hi-Stak
can be instantly applied, and
cassette leads causing wear
on the sockets of the
computer. The unit also turns
on and off the cassette motor
under program control and
provides a minimum of five
latched data outputs for
controlling external devices.
The outputs can also be used
for providing up to 3 2
different devices at one
memory or I/O address.
Designated the RZ1 tape
controller, the device has the
ability to work on any machine
as it uses no I/O address or
R A M memory location. The
price of the RZ1 is £ 2 0
including V A T , postage and
packing.
If you want more
information on any of
Stephen's hardware add-ons,
y o u can write to him at 1
Leswin Road, London N1 6
7NL or 'phone him on 0 1 - 2 5 4
1869.
guarantee. For further
information get in touch w i t h
Kempston (Micro) Electronics,
1 8 0 a Bedford Road,
Kempston, Bedford M K 4 2
8BL.
comprises t w o precision
injection moulded ABS ramps
w i t h built-in rubber feet, self
adhesive tops and easy to
follow instructions.
So, if you want to add that
little professional touch to
your system, have a look at
the Hi-Stak available for
£ 3 . 9 5 . For more information
contact Warp Factor Eight, 6
Pelham Road, Braughing,
Ware, Herts SG11 2QU.
Telephone enquiries can be
made on 0 9 2 0 8 2 1 8 4 1 .
59

Dare you delve into the dark recesses of the Monster Pit? A great adventure
for you and your ZX81 from Jim Enness.
Whilst searching a ruined tower
you are attacked by a Screech
Bat which knocks you into a pit
containing caves, passages and
stairs, etc. Many of the caverns
contain monsters; in fact, they
are all over the place and roam
the passages as well! Some
caves are empty while others
contain treasures in the form of
gold, spells and hit points.
The object is, of course, to
make your way out, killing any
monsters you meet and carrying
all the gold you can. You have
fallen twenty levels d o w n and to
get out you must find stairs up
and then the exit.
If y o u are faced w i t h a
monster, you may 'Combat' it
using your initial 1 0 0 hit points;
you may 'Cast a spell' on it
which throws a random number
0 to 1 0 0 hit points at the
monster; or you may 'Retreat'
which takes you d o w n to the
level below - not the way you
want to go, but it is one way of
avoiding a nasty incident. If a
monster has more hit points
than you and should attack then
you lose the game.
60
ZX81 GAME
f
\
Treasure hunt
Various treasures in the caves
boost your hit points and spells
as you find them. Gold has a
considerable influence on your
score at the end of the game - if
you make it out alive that is!
Screech Bats reside all over the
roofs but generally leave you
alone. They are, however, at-
tracted by the movement of
large amounts of gold and
sometimes attack if you collect
a small fortune of 1 5 0 pieces of
gold or more. You can't kill the
Screech Bats, they simply knock
you d o w n a floor, take your
gold, half your hit points and
break half your spells - not very
nice.
tf you press the key 'S', when
asked ' W h a t Direction?' a
s t a t u s chart tells y o u your
strength and position; Newline
clears the chart leaving the
'What Direction?' question to be
answered. If you type in the let-
ter ' A ' , the program will SAVE
and then continue where it left
off. The game can, therefore, be
continued at another time.
All key entries are single let-
ter ones, eg 'L' for left, or 'F' for
forward, etc, using the INKEY $
mode. 'RUN' starts the game or
a new game.
There are many hazards I
have not mentioned, but you will
no doubt find them if you think
you can get out alive!!! By the
w a y , the Screech Bats also
reside in the tower above the pit
and automatically attack any-
one attempting to go above the
ground level.
programming
notes
The program of this game is
fairly self-explanatory w i t h the
aid of the REM statements. The
main p r o g r a m at line 4 0 0
branches to the various sub-
routines to select the random
possibilities of the next move
and the display.
The main input routine at line
4 3 0 converts the value of your
input to the relevant number
which is then used to check the
contents of the dimensioned B
variable. (B is dimensioned into
18 and holds six pieces of
information on each of the three
directions updated by the main
program.)
The variables used in the
program are as follows:
P - The highest points scored
so far.
G The amount of gold.
S - The number of spells.
H - The number of hit points.
L - The level of the pit.
K - The number of monsters
killed.
E - The end level (allows exit to
be used on level 1 or level 0).
F is used to indicated whether
to set up a new field at the
beginning of the main program.
C,R,W,X,Z and Z$ are used as
temporary v a r i a b l e s for
immediate data.
Once the program has been
RUN, it is a good idea to use the
SAVE routine at the beginning of
a new game to tape out. RUN-
ning the program again will lose
t h e ' H i g h e s t score so far"
variable, and it is always an
enticement to see if you can I
improve on the last effort.
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983
 ZX81 CAME
5 LET P=© SO LET R $ t 35 >zz• » MIND GHOST"
S GQ5UB 1756 o
U -—
w. LET R? (36) FIRE GHOST"
1
— •
Q REM H - * J H M D ^ CLAY GHOST"
54 LET as (37) * *

ie DIM PS 135 . 10) 66 LET- AS (36) • * IRON GHOST"

—

12 o it 13 =
-r
• 1
63 LET R$ (39) « • MIND HYDRA"
14 LET P $ S i = 90 LET PS (4.0) 32 PIT HYDRA"
16 LET R$ 3) = 92 LET R$ (4 1) • * CLRY HYDRA"
* •

15 LET P $ 4 ) = 94 LET P$ (42) • IRON HYDRA"

20 L E T A * 5 ) = 96 LET AS (4-33 = mm RED MEDUSA"
22 LEX 6) = 93 LET H i (4-4.) MEDUSA ORG"
24 L E T A S 7 ) = i e s LET AS (45 3.L • * ICE MEDUSP"
2 6 LET R S 5 j = 182 LET R£ ( 4 6 ) J » * PIT MEDUSA"
26 PS 9 ) = 1©4 LET P S (4 7 )\ —
RED FLAYER"
30 LET R £ l&J 106 LET A$ (43 3 s BLUE MUMMY'/
•«

3 e: LET A S 1 1 ) 106 LET R $ »(49) — *

CLAY MUMMY/
1

34 LET R S 1 2 ) "SflLRMfiNDER' l i e LET A 31 l• ~>r—*0j** v IRON MUMMY/'

* *

36 LET A S 135 "RED ZOMBIE" 112 LET PS (51) — *

MINOTAURUS"
1

36 LET R S 14* ? "BEHOLDER I ' 114 LET R Si (52) MINOTAUPHfi-

* •

4G LET P S lu> } "BEHOLDER V 116 ! CTT AS ( 5 3 ) MINOTAUR7C "

* *

42 LET A S 1 6 ? "BEHOLDER X' 116 LET A 5 ( 5 4 ) — ** • P I T PLRYER"

44 LET A * i ? ) "HELL HOUND' 120 L E T M Si ( 5 5 3 ICE FLAY/EP"
4 6 LET A S 16? "BLUE ETT IN' 122 L E T - A$ ( 5 6 3 = * wERE - U O £ . F "
1

45 LET A S 1 9 ) "GREY ETT IN1 124- L E T AS ( 5 7 ) = w E R E - E O P P "

5 0 LET R S ) "PIT URHITH •J. c. O L E T PS (56) = **UERE-5ERR
5
52 LET P S 2 1 ) "GfiRGGYLE X 128 LET AS (
> Cw CSi > WERE-RRT"
54 PS; 2 2 ) "GARGOYLE U 130 L ET A $ ( 6 0 3 = • * UERE-UORH"
56 LET P $ 2 3 ) "GRRGOYLE X ' 132 L ET AS t s i > — * B L A C K - U O P M "
%

5 5 LET P S 2 4 ) "FIRE ETTIN 134 L ET AS t ~ O — •* U H I T E WORM"

6 3 LET 25 J "CLRY ETTIN x o 6 L ET AS ( 6 3 3 zz' * STONE WORM"
62 LET A S 2 6 ) "IRON ETTIN1 138 LET P S (64) = *» ** BONE-UORM"
64- LET A S 2 7 ? "HILL ETTIN' 14C LET A S C 55 3 — UMBER HULK"
66 LET A S 2 3 3 "BASILISK I 142 l _ P T R S (56)
* <
STONE HULK"
63 LET H $ 2 y i ="BASILISK U' 144- LET R S (67 3 =
»«
GREEN HULK"
70 LET A $ 3 0 3 "BASILISK X' 1 4 - 6 LE • * r« S 1
R S o O J = * CLOUD HULK"
72 31) "ZOMBIE RAT 1 4 - 3 LET AS ( 5 9 ) STORH HULK"
74 P S 3 2 3 "UPAITH ORG' 150 LET R S (70) — • • HCBGOELIN"
76 PS 333 "PINK GHOST' 152 LET R S (71) * •
HODGODELOU"
78 .ET P. A 134- 3 "ICE URhITH' 154 LET R S (72 3= MANTACORE"
• •

61 ZX COMPUTING JUNE'JULY 1983 I

 Z X 8 1 CAME
v- * -w 314- L c-T G = ©
316 GOTO 4 03
4.00 REM a . l M J . M B E H

0
r 40 3 I F F=1 THEN GOTO 426
4 02 IF INT (RND*200) <5 THEN GOS
? J/

4
j . > UB 1000
403 DIM B ( I S )
4C4 I F L = 1 THEN LET E=7
( 1 ' 4-C5 IF L < £ CP G>150 RND S>2 RND
i iPNDtlBB: <.6 THEN GOSUB 75©
f^fem 406 FOR Z=1 TO 3
4 - 0 6 LET B(Z)=INT (RNDiEl+1
4 1 0 IF B (Z) <3 THEN GOSUB 1100
NEXT Z
4 1 4 IF 5(1)=3 RND B(2)=3 RND Bt
> — -"5
THEN GOTO 4 0 6
156 LET R* 73) = BflflLZEBUL"
155 LET OS 74-) = 'TELEM5f,TflL " 4 1 " 5QSUE 5 S 5
160 l R5 75) = P I T F I E N D " 4 1 3 GOSUE 5 0 0
162 LET fit 76 3 = HORNED ORC" 20 PRINT RS(Bi1)) R$(B(2))
lfc>4 LET BRREED ORC" <if-•
fis R£ CB C3) )
166 LET RS 7 8 ) = RED GERYON" GOSUB 5 0 0
1SS LET R$ 7 9 J = 'JUEILEX I" 3 GOSUB 5 0 6
170 LET 50) = JUBILEX I I " J. PRINT R $ 9 3: R$ c 10) "M"
172 LET £ 1 ) = DEMOGORGON" t i i
174 LET R* 62) = RED ORCUS" GOSUB 5©S
176 LET R$ S c ) s * BLUE ORCUS" •i-26 PRINT
17S LET RS. S4 J = ' GREY ORCUS" 4-27 LET F = 0
ISO LET R$ 6 5 J = FIRE ORCUS" 0 - 2 S PRINT "UHflT DIRECTION? ".:
132 LET fi* S S ) = W I L D TROLL" <130 L E T Z = 0
134 LET R* 37) = H E L L TROLL" 4-32 IF INKEY THEN GOTO 4 3 2
186 LET R $ S S ) = FIRE TROLL- -134 LET Z$=INK£YS
1SS LET R$ S S ) = 'BORR TROLL" 4 - 3 5 I F Z $ = " R " T H E N GOTO 2 0 0 0
200 LET R$ 9©) = 'SLUE TROLL" 4-36 I F Z $ = " L " THEN L E T Z = 1
202 LET R $ 91) = ' U I L D DEMON- 4-3S I F Z $ = " F " THEN L E T Z = 2
204 LET R $ 92) = 'SLUE DEMON" 4-40 I F Z $ = " R " THEN L E T Z = 3
R$ 4-4-1 I F Z $ = " S " THEN GOSUB 5 5 ©
206 LET R $ 93) = 'RED DEMON"
203 L T R* 94-) = PIT DEMON" 4-4-2 I F Z <1 THEN GOTO 4 3 2
210 LET 95) = FIRE DEMON- 444 PRINT Z$
212 LET R 3> 96) = ICE DEMON" 4-4-6 I F B I Z ) = 6 THEN L E T L = L + 1
214 LET R$ 97) = BERR DEMON" 4-4-6 I F B ( Z ) =5 THEN L E T L = L - 1
216 LET fis 9 8 ) = CLRY DEMON" 4-50 I F B ( Z ) - 3 THEN GOSUB 6 0 0
IS LET R$ 93) = GREY DEMON" 4 5 2 I F B ( Z ) =7 THEN GOSUB 7 0 0
220 LET R$ 1©0) 'IRON DEMON" 4-54 I F B ( Z ) =2 THEN GOSUB- S 0 0
222 LET R $ i o d 'UILD ETTIN" 4 5 6 I F B ( Z ) = 1 THEN G O S U B ' 9 0 0
224 LET R $ 102) 'PIT ETTIN" 4-57 I F I N T T RND •$• 1 0 0 ) >9© THEN Gt
R$ SUB 130©
226 LET 103) 'ICE ETTIN"
223 LET R? 104-) 'MIND ETTIN" 4.56 GOTO 4 0 0
230 LET R$ 105) 'HELL ETTIN" 4 9 9 REM
232 LET 106) •UILD GHOST" 5 8 0 PR I N T FI$ ( S )
234 LET fil 107) 'RED GHOST" $ (S)
O
•^
— .Cw. w LET fi$ lOS 3 •PIT GOLEM" 5 0 2 P R I N T R $ ( S ) .; " I " . ; R S ( 8 ) R
236 LET 109) •ICE GOLEM" $ iS)
H- LET P$ 110) 'FLESH RRT" 504 RETURN
2 R$ 'MIND DEUIL" 5B6 PRINT
. ,4
— 4S j LET
LET
111)
'FLESH HULK"
R$ 112)
246 LET R* 113) 'GOLD COINS" 505 RETURN
24 6 LET R$ 114) ' + R SILUER" 510 LET R = INT (RND* 1 0 1 ) +12
250 LET R$ 1 1 5 ) ' SUORD" 512 RETURN
252 LET R $ 116) • + R MRGIC" 514 PRINT
254 LfciT R$ 117) 'LANCE" S16 PRINT " T H E CRUE C O N T R I N S "J
256 L ET R$ P R I NT "FL" '
116) '+ R SUIT" 5 1 5
253 LET 119) 'OF RRMOUR" 520 I F R$ CR .. 1) S" I " THEN P R I N T "
260 LET R$ 12©) * + R SPECIR" N" ;
LET R$ 121) 'L RRTEFflCT" 522 PRINT " " ; R$ (R) ;
26 4 LET RT 122) '+ RN RNCIE" 524 RETURN
266 LET R$ 123) •NT SCROLL" 526 FOR X = 11 TO 21
266 LET R 9 124) ' + R SECRET" 528 P R I N T RT X . 0 , "
270 LET R«5 1251 '1 POTION"
272 LET fls 1 2 6 ) + SOME MOR" 5 3 0 NEXT X
274 LET R5 127) •E SPELLS" 5 3 2 P R I N T RT 1 1 , 0 . ; " "
276 LET 125) • + R UISDOM" 5 3 4 RETURN
273 LET 12 9 J ' BOOK" 536 LET URINT CRND*101)+12
26© LET R4 138) ' + R GOLDEN" 5 3 5 RETURN
282 LET fi$ 131) * RING" 54© L E T U = ( I N T TRND*16)+1)*2
234 LET 132) '+ R SPELL" 5 4 2 RETURN
cz? O t > LET 133) "LUCKSTONE" 5 4 9 REM
299 REM 550 PRINT "STRTUS",
30© LET C =© 5 5 2 GOSUB 5 2 6
3©2 LET E=6 554 PRINT "YOU HRUE K I L L E D k;
304 LET L =20 MONSTERS"
30 fc LET K=© S56 PRINT
308 LET H = 100 555 PRINT "YOU RRE ON LEUEL ; L
31© LET F =©
312 LET S = 1© 560 PRINT "YOU HRUE ; H; HIT P

62 ZX COMPUTING JUNE'JULY 1983 I

 ZX81 CAME
OINTS" > , ,
562 PRINT YOU HAUE " ; S ; " SPELL 303 I FZ $ = " 0 " T H E N GOTO S 9 S
310 GOTO 6 0 2
564 P R I N T AND YOU HRUE " ; G ; " G S l l PRINT Z$,,..
OLD P I E C E S 312 PRINT " Y O U HEAR " ;
5S6 I F INKEY % — * THEN GOTO 5 6 6 314 I F 5CZ +3) > 0 THEN P R I N T A $ ( S
5 "70 GOSUB 5 2 6 i"Z + 3 ) > : " S M A K I N G " . . . " N O I S E S " . .
571 PRINT AT 1 0 , 1 6 ; " ; RT 316 I FB (Z +33 =0 THEN PRINT " N O T
10.16; H I N G . " ;
572 RETURN £18 PRINT " . . . N O U UHfiT?", , / ' G - G
5 9 9 R E M III — O IN,M—HELP JL-LEAVE
600 GOSUB 5 2 6 Q20 I F I N K E Y $ = " " T H E N GOTO S 2 0
602 P R I N T "NO-ENTRY. . U R L L UNS 322 LET Z $ =INKEY $
TftoLE" , .. 624 I FZ$="G" T H E N GOTO S 5 0
504 LET F = 1 S2S I FZ $ = " H " T H E N GOTO 9 5 0
606 GOSUB 5 3 6 328 I FZ $ = " L " T H E N GOTO 6 3 2
608 I F U>58 THEN RETURN 330 GOTO 3 2 0 *
613 PRINT " I T S H A K E S . . R O O F CRUM 332 PRINT Z $ . " - C H I C K E N " , ,
6LE5 . .ROCKS" , . . " F A L L . .KNOCK YOU 633 LET F=1
TO THE GROUND" . . "TAKE " ; U ; " HIT 340 I F INT C R N D * 1 0 0 ) < 1 0 T H E N GO
POINTS DRMRGE." SUB 1 0 0 ©
612 LET H = H - U 342 R E T U ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ y
614 RETURN
699 REM 850 GOSUB 5 2 6
700 CLS 352 PRINT RT 1 0 . . O.;
702 PRINT "U E L L D O N E , Y O U G O T OU 354 I FB £ Z + 3 ) >0 THEN L E T R = 6 (Z +
T ALIUE." 3 !
70-I PRINT ~ 3 5 6 I F B,CZ+3> >e T H E N GOSUB 5 1 6
706 PRINT • Y O U K I L L E D " ; K ; " HON S57 5F B ( Z + 3 ) > G THEN PRINT
STERS. " , , , 353 I FB (Z +3) =0 THEN P R I N T " A M
703 PRINT 'YOU HAUE " ; G; " GOLD ONSTER-LESS CAUEN"
COINS" , , . 330 PRINT
710 PRINT •YOU SCORED ";G*K+S+H 362 I F 6( Z + 5 ) >0 THEN P R I N T " U I T
, " POINTS. H " ; B ( Z + 6 ) ; " " ; R $ ( 1 1 3 ) .. , ..
• « •

712 I F P < G * K + S + H THEN LET P = G * K 364- I FB i Z + 9 ) >0 THEN PRINT A$ (E

+5+H s ' Z + 9 ) + 1 0 O . ' ; A $ ( B t Z + 9 3 + 1 0 1 ) , .. ..
714 PRINT " B E S T SCORE SO FAR 365 I F E C Z + 1 2 ) >{? T H E N P R I N T A $ (
p B i Z r - 1 2 ) + 1 0 O ) ; A $ £E C Z + 1 2 ) + 1 0 1 ) , , .
363 I F B ( Z + 1 5 ) >0 THEN P R I N T R * (
7 1 6 ' P R I N T "ANOTHER GRME?" 5 ( Z + 1 5 ) + 1 O 0 ) R £ ( 6 ( Z + 1 5 ) + 1 0 1 ) .. .. .
718 I F INKEY $ = " " THEN GOTO 714 IF 5 Z+3' THEN GOSUB 1314-
720 GOTO 3 371 IF E ' Z + 5 ) >0 AND C =1703 THE!;
GOTO 333
372 LET G=G+E <Z + 6>
374 FOR v - 9 T O 15 STEP 3
376 IF B l Z +X> AND 5(Z+X.« <25 T
HEN LET H=H+33 /
373 I F B ( Z + X ) i 23 T H E N L E T "5=5 + 1
330 NEXT X
362 RETURM
697 REM
693 PRINT Z i
Ci |7. ( - O S ' 'I? ^ f~,
902 I F " f i i " Z + 3 ) >0 T H E N L E T R = E ; Z t
3)
934 I F E i Z + 3 ) > 0 THEN G O S U B 516
905 LET U=0
749 REM 9C5 FOR X-S TO 15 STEF 3
750 CLS 9 Z 3 IF B t Z + 3 ) iO AND BCZ+X) >0 TH
752 PRINT EN i_ET U = 2
7 5 4 P R i h r r •• 910 I FB ( Z + 3 ) = 0 RND B ( Z + X ) >0 T h
• -"KNNRK< YOU TO TH EN LET U=1
E FLOOR AND" . . .."TAKES RLL YOUR G 912 NEXT X
OLD.GIUING Y O U " . . . I N T (H^2);" H I 914- I F Li = 2 T H E N P R I N T , , . .. " A N D T
T POINTS D A M A G E : B R E A K I N G " REASURE*' ,
756 PRINT 916 I FU = 1 THEN PRINT " T H E CAUE
758 PRINT INT (S/3):" OF YOUR S CONTAINS TRER5URE"
PELLS : LERUING Y O U " . . . "ON LEUEL " 913 I FB CZ+3) = 0 RND U = 0 THEN PR
;L+I;" . " INT " T H E CRUE I S EMPTY";
759 LET G - 0 919 I FB (Z+3) >0 RND U = e THEN PR
763 LET H = H - I N T (H/2) INT ..
762 LET S = S - I N T C S / 2 ) 9 2 G GOTO 6 1 3
765 LET L = L + 1 9 4 9 REM
770 PRINT 950 PRINT Z $
772 PRINT " ( H I T N E U - L I N E TO 9 5 1 GOSUB 5 2 6
CONTINUE) " 952 I FB ( Z + 3 ) > 0 THEN PRINT " T H E
774 I F I N K E Y $ = " " THEN GOTO 7 7 4 "; A $ (B (Z+ 3) 5 ;" HAS " ; E ( Z + 3 ) - 1 2 :
776 RETURN " H I T POINTS"
799 REM A ^ S S S U E S 954 I F6 ( Z + 3 ) = 0 THEN PRINT "NO
SEE GOSUB 5 2 s MONSTERS'?"
601 PRINT "DOOR...O-OPEN.L-LIST 956 PRINT
EN 957 PRINT j
802 I F INKEY $ = " " THEN GOTO 6 0 2 955 GOTO 6 1 3
804 LET Z $ = INKEY % 999 REM ^
S06 I F Z $ = "L " T H E N G O T O 5 1 1 1 0 0 0 GOSUB 5 2 5

63 ZX COMPUTING JUNE'JULY 1983 I

 ZX81 CAME
1 3 0 1 LET F=© SPELL B L R S T E D " . . .R$ (R) " L I E S DE
1 0 6 2 GOSUB 5 3 6 RD ON T H E " . . . " F L O O R . "
1004- P R I N T " T H E FLOOR CRUES I N R 1 6 1 0 I F U>R THEN L E T K=K + 1
ND YOU F R L L " . . . DOUN R " I I N T IU/ 1 6 1 2 I F U > R THEN RETURN
2j : FOOT P I T TO L E U E L " .. , .. 1614 P R I N T "THE " ; F I $ C R ) ; " I S RNG
LET L=L+INT 1U/12) RY HE"..."RDURNCES...";
1008 PRINT ;l ; ; 1 6 1 6 I F U < 2 7 THEN P R I N T " . H E RTT
1 0 1 0 GOSUB 5 3 6 RCKS... "
10 12 I F U >95 THEN P R I N T " RND IN 1 6 1 © " I F " U < 2 7 " T H E N GOTO 1502
TO R POOL OF R C I D " . . . " T R K E ".H." 1620 PRINT "UHRT NOLI?"
H I T P O I N T S DRMRGE . " , , . 1622 LET C=0
1014- I F U >95 THEN L E T H = 0 1624 RETURN
1016 I F U < 4 0 THEN P R I N T " RND ON 1 7 0 0 GOSUB 536
TO SOME S P I K E S " . . , " T F I K E " ; I N T (H 1 7 0 1 GOSUB 526
,-•2) : " HIT POINTS DRHRGE",.. 1 7 0 2 I F U <40 THEN P R I N T "OH..BRD
1013 I P U <40 THEN L E T H = H - I N T CH LUCK HE RTTRCK5".,,
1704 I F U < 4 0 THEN GOTO 1502
1020 RETURN 1706 PRINT "..CHICKEN".,.
1 0 9 9 REM 1 7 0 6 LET F = 0
1100 FOR X = 3 TO B S T E P 3 1 7 0 9 L E T L =L + 1
1 1 0 2 GOSUB 5 3 6 1 7 1 0 RETURN
1104 I F U > 7 0 THEN L E T B CZ+X) =U 1 7 4 9 REM
1106 GOSUB 5 3 6 1 7 5 0 CLS
1103 I F B < Z + X ) > 1 THEN L E T B (Z + X ) 1751 PRINT
=U ********"BY JIM ENNESS"
1 1 0 9 NEXT X 1752 I F ± N K E Y $ = " " THEN GOTO 1752
1110 FOR X =9 TO 15 S T E P 3 1 7 5 3 CLS
1112 GOSUB 5 3 6 1754 PRINT "YOU F R L L DOUN R 150
1113 I F U > 7 5 THEN L E T B CZ+X) =U FOOT P I T " , , , " T H R T C O N T R I N S TREFLS
1 1 1 4 GOSUB 54.0 URE RND MRFTY " . , . "HRZRRDS . THE OB
1116 I F B CZ+X) >8 RND U > 1 2 T H E N L JECT OF THE GRME"...
ET B CZ+X) =U 1755 PRINT " I S TO MRKE YOUR URY
1117 I F B C Z + X ) > 0 RND U < 1 3 T H E N L UP THE S T E P S " . . " T H R O U G H THE MRZE
ET E SZTX) =0 OF CR'JES TO T H E " . . " E X I T . PRESS
111© NEXT X KEY " " S " " UHEN R5KED"..,
1 120 RETURN 1756 PRINT "UHRT D I R E C T I O N ? UILL
1 2 9 9 REM S G I U E Y O U R " R . . " 5 T R T U S - T H E N ANY K
1 3 0 0 GOSUB 5 2 6 EY TO CONTINUE.",..
1 3 0 2 GOSUB 5 1 0 175S P R I N T " I N COHBRT YOU USE HI
1304- GOSUB 5 1 6 T POINTS T O " , . . " K I L L MONSTERS-SP
1306 PRINT ELL CRSTING I S " . , . " O F T E N SUCCESS
1306 PRINT " RRRIUES" FUL(NOT RLURY5)."
1 3 1 0 PR I N T 1760 I F I N K E Y $ = " " THEN GOTO 1 7 6 0
" 1 3 1 2 PS I N T "UHRT NOU' 1 7 6 1 CLS
1 3 1 4 . PR I NT " C - C O H S R T S - S P E L L ChS 1762 PRINT " O H . . B Y THE URY. BEST
R-RETRERT OF LUCK . . . . " . , " YOU" "LL
1316 LET C=0 NEED IT."
13 1S IF INKEY$ = " THEN GOTO 1313 1 7 6 4 RETURN
1 3 2 0 LET Z $ = INKEY $ 2O0O 3RUE " P I T U I T H MONSTERS'*
1322 I F Z $ = " C " THEN L E T C = 1 5 0 0 2 0 0 2 GOTO 4 0 0
1324- I F Z $ = " S " T H E N L E T C = 1 6 0 0 5 0 0 © SRUE "PUS"
1326 IF Z5-"K" T H E N LET C = 1 7 0 0 5 0 0 2 RUN
1323 IF C < 1 THEN GOTO 1 3 1 ©
1329 PRINT Z$
1 3 3 0 GOSUB C
1332 I F C < 1 THEN GOTO 1316
1 3 3 4 . RETURN
14-99 REM
1 5 0 0 GOSUB 5 2 6
1502 PRINT "YOU HRD R T E R R I F I C B
RTTLE U I T H "
1504. P R I N T
1506 PRINT "THE (R) :
1 5 0 © I F H < T R - 12 > THEN P R I N T " BU
T HE K I L L E D YOU" . " R N D TOOK RLL
YOUR T R E H S U R E . " UHRT DIRECTION'? ST RT U 5
1 5 1 0 I F H < ( R - 1 2 ) T H E N GOTO 7 1 1
YOU HRUE KILLED 5 MONSTERS
1512 PRINT RND YOU KILLED"
HIM . ' YOU PRE ON LEUEL 21
1514- L E T K=K + 1
1516 LET H=H+12-R YOU HRUE 194 HIT POINTS
1518 RETURN
1 S 2 0 P R I N T " E R . . S O R R Y .YOUR OUT YOU HRUE 0 SPELLS
OF S P E L L S .
1522 PRINT RND YOU HRUE 375 GOLD PIECES
1524 PRINT "NOU UHRT?
1526 LET C=0 R TYPICRL DISPLAY SHOUN UHEN
1 5 2 5 RETURN
1 5 9 9 REM E B "S" IS PRESSED UHEN RSKED R
1600 GOSUE 5 2 6
1602 GOSUB 5 3 6 DIRECTION.
1604- I F S < 1 THEN GOTO 1520
1606 LET S=S-1 A sample screen illustration from the program. Monster pit,
1 6 0 3 I F U>R THEN P R I N T "THE NOU showing the player's status.

64 ZX COMPUTING JUNE'JULY 1983 I


Adding
interest to
your
programs
— part
two
Tim Hartnell continues in
his quest to illustrate
just how a simple listing
can be transformed into
a program you can be
proud of.
First otf, I hope you had a lot of
fun with the three listings. Pro-
grams 1, 2 and 3, that I in-
troduced you to last issue. We
now take off the kid gloves and
take a PEEK at Program 4. As
you can see from a* quick
glance, the listing looks con-
siderably different from the
listings we've examined up to
now.
At the very least, you must
admit that line 4 0 now looks
extremely strange. This line is
where a user-defined graphic
Iwhich, believe it or not, does
look like a duck when the pro-
gram is RUNning) t*»kes the
place of the randomly-chosen
letters. No matter how hard you
look, you will not find anything
that looks like that little duck on
the keyboard. So, where has it
come from?
Duck defining!
The duck has been 'user-
defined'. User-definable
graphics are one of the really
advanced features of the Spec-
trum, and although certain
other computers (which shall
remain nameless) have similar
features, few (if any) are as
simple to use as the one on
your Spectrum.
tt is very simple to define a
graphic. I'll take you through
ttie way I created the alleged
duck, and from this explanation
)83 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983
PROGRAMMING SKILLS
you should be able to produce
anything you like. The key to
the user-defined graphics is an
eight by eight grid like that
shown below.
To work out your graphic,
you simply fill in the squares on
this grid which you wish to
print as solid dots in the final
graphic. Our duck (in grid form)
looks like that shown below.
If you look to the lines from
1 4 0 onwards in the fourth ver-
sion of Duck shoot, you'll see a
little loop, which includes a
READ statement and (line 1 701
the disturbing-looking POKE
USR. . . and so on. There are
21 user-definable graphics on
the Spectrum, and you print
t h e m by g e t t i n g i n t o t h e
graphics mode (so the cursor
becomes a G) and then pressing
the keys from A to U. They will
look just like the ordinary letters
until they have been re-defined.
In fact, when line 4 0 was first
typed in, it was made up from a
number of the letter ' A ' , entered
while the computer was in the
graphics mode, separated by
spaces entered in the ordinary
mode.
Once you have a filled-in grid
like the one we've just looked at,
you have to get the numbers
(such as the ones in the DATA
statement, line 200) to POKE in-
to the letter so it will come out as
a graphic. It is simple to do this.
On the bottom row of keys,
above the B key, you'lf see the
word BIN, which stands for
'binary'. Each row across our
eight by eight grid can be
represented by a single binary
number, where an empty square
is zero, and a filled-in square is a
one. You indicate that you are
talking about a binary number by
preceding it with the word BIN.
I'll now give you the BIN
n u m b e r s for each r o w of
squares on the 'duck grid'. Com-
pare them will the filled-in and
the empty squares, until you
understand how they compare.
BIN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
BIN 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
BIN 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
BIN 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0
BIN 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
BIN 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
BIN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
BIN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
If you look at this pattern of ones
and zeros, you'll see that they
correspond with the squares on
our grid. Now, to convert them
to decimal numbers (which are
easier to manage) to include in
our DATA line (200), we simply
type in directly:
PRINT BIN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
for the first line, and a 0 appears.
Take note of this zero. Then, try
the second number, by typing in
directly:
PRINT BIN 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
65

The computer will give the
answer 4 , since 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 (or
1001 in binary is 4 in decimal.
Note d o w n the 4 . Continue to do
this, working through each line
in turn. This will give you a se-
quence of eight numbers:
0 , 4, 73, 2 2 2 , 6 2 . 8, 0 , 0
You put these in the DATA
statement; and put in line 1 7 0 ,
within the quote marks, the let-
ter you wish to re define. Then,
by simply RUNning the program,
the designated key will be
changed. From n o w on,
whenever you press the key ' A '
after getting into the graphics
mode, the little duck will appear
instead. Although the duck will
not survive you turning off the
computer, it will survive a NEW
— soyou can use graphics defin-
ed outside a program within it if
you wish to do so. And the
graphic will be SAVEd when you
SAVE the program. (Note also
that there is a change t o the end
of line 7 0 in this version of the
program w i t h the user-defined
duck,}
Try w o r k i n g out a duck-
shape of your o w n on a grid you
have drawn up yourself, and
enter the numbers for this duck
in line 2 0 0 .
Birds of a feather
The final version of this program
we will discuss (Program 5) has
three rows of flying ducks. It is
best t o aim at the middle row of
ducks (which fly more quickly
than the bottom row! when you
RUN this program because they
are worth 5 1 7 points each, as
opposed to the 5 7 that each of
the ducks on the bottom row are
worth. The top row is just there
to confuse you; the ducks there
disappear automatically as the
ducks in the middle row are
shot, but they cannot be shot
directly and they do not con-
tribute to your score.
The middle row of ducks is
held in the string, 8 5 , which is
Program 4 introducing user definable graphics.
10 REM DUCK SHOOT
12 GO SUE I S O
IS PAPER 7: B R I G H T
20 LET SCORE =0
2 5 FOR G = i TO 2 0 :
NEXT G
30 LET SHOTS =15
3 5 POP G=50^TO"20
' .003,G: NEXT G
4.0 L E T A $ =
5 0 L E T ACROSS =15
6 P L E T D O U N = 14-
7 0 P R I N T AT 7 , 0 ; INK R N D » 6 ; R $
BEEP - 0 0 3 5 5 - S H O T S
SO P R I N T AT D O W N , P C R O S S - 1 ; I N K
2 ; " X " : BEEP . 0 0 3 ,ACROSS
)83
PROGRAMMING SKILLS
set equal t o A $ in line 4 5 as you 9 0 I F I N K E Y $ = " F '* THEN L E T SHOT
can see in the listing. Note that S =SHOTS - 1 : BEEP . 0 5 , 3 * S H O T S : IF
you must change the BEEP in (ACROSS) < > " " THEN L E T SCORE=£
line 9 0 . The middle row of ducks C O R E + 5 7 . BEEP . 0 5 , S O - S H O T S ; L E T
is shot at in line 9 5 . If you shoot A$ (ACROSS) = BORDER P N D * 7 : SO
1
a duck in the bottom row, your RDER RND f 7 : BORDER P N D * 7 BORDER
shot ends there — you cannot
expect it t o continue on to get a
1 0 0 P R I N T AT 0 , 0 ; I N V E R S E 1 ; " S C
ORE " ; FLASH 1 , S C O P E , FLASH O , '
duck from the middle row as SHOTS L E F T F L A S H 1 ; S H O T S ; FL
well! The GOTO 1 0 0 at the end ASH 0 ; "
of line 9 0 ensures this. 1 1 0 I F SHOTS . 1 THEN P R I N T PT 1?
Line 1 3 5 moves the middle ,0;" T H A T ' S THE END OF THE GP'
and top rows of ducks across, E " : STOP
changing the elements in the str- 1 2 0 L E T ACROSS = A C R O S S I I N K E Y $ = "
ing by an extra element com- £ • ) - ( I N K E Y * = " 5 " )
pared to the changes occuring in 130 L E T A $ = A S ( 2 TO > + A $ l ' l «
line 1 3 0 . Line 7 0 prints all three 1 4 0 GO TO 7C
rows of ducks, 'inventing' the
1 5 0 FOP A =0 TO 6
1S0 READ B
top (dummy) row by printing B$ 17C POKE USR " A " t R , E
out of register, so the ducks 130 NEXT A
there appear ahead of, although 190 RETURN
flying in synchronisation with, 2 0 0 DATA O . 4 , 73 , 2 2 2 , 6 2 , S , 0 , O
those in the middle row. This will
be clear when you RUN the pro- Program 5 not one, not two, but three lines of ducks for you to
gram. shoot atf
10 REM DL'CK SHOOT
12 GO SUB 1 5 0
Room for IS PAPER 7 : B R I G H T 1: CLS : IN
improvement? 20 LET SCORE =0
25 FOR G = 1 TO 2 0 : BEEP .006,G
That brings us to the end of this .'EX~J u
series of Duck shoot games. 30 L E T SHOTS =5 0
There are, however, four things 35 FOR G = 5 0 TO 2 0 STEP - 2 : BE!
you could do to further develop . 0 0 3 , G NEXT G
the program: 4 0 L E T A $ =' • <*>
• Cut the number of shots 4-5 L E T B $ = A S
50 L E T A C R O S S = 1 5
available d o w n to make it more
60 L E T DO UN = 14-
challenging.
7 0 P R I N T AT 7 , 0 , INK R N D * 6 , P S
• User-define the figure firing PT 5 , 0 ; B * . P T 4 , 0 . 6 $ ( 3 TO ) + B $ ( l
the gun, so it is not just an ' X ' . TO 2 3 : B E E P ,0OS,55-SHOTS
• Add a 'high score' feature so SO P R I N T PT D O U N , P C P O S S - 1 , INK
the game will re-start, preserv- 2.;" X BEEP .006.ACROSS
ing a high score you can try and 9 0 I F INKEY $ = *'F" THEN L E T SHOT
better. S = S H O T S - 1 ; B E E P . 0 5 . SHOTS: I F P$
• Allow the computer to detect t ACROSS) < > " " THEN L E T 5CORE = SCO
when all the ducks have been RE f 5 7 ; BEEP . © 5 , 5 0 - S H O T S : L E T Ps
shot (this will happen when A $ (ACROSS.) = " BORDER P N D * 7 : BORE
and B$ contain 3 2 spaces each) ER RND * 7 : BORDER P N D * 7 : BORDER 7
and add a bonus to the score if
GO TO 1 0 0
95 I F I N K E Y $ r " F " THEN BEEP . 0 5
this occurs before all the shots ..SHOTS: I F B $ (RCROSSJ < > " " THEN
have been fired. LET SCORE = S C O R E + 5 1 7 : B E E P . 0 5 , 5 3
- S H O T S : L E T B $ ( A C R O S S ) = " " : BORD
Once you have mastered these ER RND * 7 : BORDER 7
simple techniques, try going 100 P R I N T AT 0 , 0 ; I N U E R S E 1 ; "SC-
over some of your earlier pro- ORE : " ; F L A S H 1 ; S C O P E ; FLASH
gramming efforts and 'spice' SHOTS L E F T : " ; F L A S H 1 ; S H O T S ; FL
them up a little. You w o n ' t be ASH © . "
disappointed. . . 1 1 0 I F S H O T S < 1 THEN P R I N T PT 10
,0: " THAT ' S T H E END OF THE GP.M
E"• STOP
120 _ E ~ A C R O S S = A C R O S S + ( I N K E V J = "
" J — t INKE a"5" )
1 3 3 L E T P £ = P £ ( 2 TO ) + A J ( l )
1 3 5 L E T E$=E$ ( 3 TO 3 ( 1 TO 2:
1 : CLS IN 143 GO —O 7 0
150 FOR P = 0 T O 6
160 READ B
BEEP . 00S , G 1 7 0 POKE USR " P " + P , B
I SC- NEX i A
19C RETURN
STEP - 2 : BEE 20O D P T P O , T 3 . 2 2 2 , 62', 3 y 0 , 0
A screen illustration showing the lines of ducks and score board ot
Program 5.
A*
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983 66
 A SPECTRUM CONSOLE
THAT EVERYONE CAN AFORD!
For a b o u t t h e cost of t h e average games cassette you can
now have a t r u l y professional console f o r your z x SPECTRUMI
At only £7.50 it s an incredible bargain, a n d will m a k e
your p r o g r a m m i n g or playing so m u c h easier
HOW did w e do ft?
By designing a unique m e t h o d of self-assembly, a n d using
relatively inexpensive materials!
The result is a console t h a t s t o u g h , light, professionally
designed a n d very highly finished!
i ? lor OdtflfUXKJI turtoc* m<>''
*IM1*Opt* Or«fS«OiOeOfffl pifrOt* OdtJ i 1 OOpOtfOH
)83 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983
For instance: it is m a d e of d o u b l e - l a m i n a t e d c o r r u g a t e d
board w i t h a final l a m i n a t e of t o u g h , spongeabic high
gloss vinyl.
W h e n assembled (about 10-15 minutes) It is c o m p l e t e l y
rigid a n d t o u g h e n o u g h t o t a k e years of useful w o r k !
Of course, w e designed into it all t h e facilities you w o u l d
need for ease of use a n d p e r f o r m a n c e . . . m a k i n g It neat,
tidy and good looking.
So w h y pay m o r e f o r a ZX SPECTRUM console? send todayi
SEE US AT THE ZX MiCROFAIR
ALEXANDRA PAVILLION JUNE 4 t h
A N D THE COMPUTER FAIR
EARLS COURT JUNE 16-19th
67
 Sinclair ZX Spec
ZX Spectrum

RED MAGENTA GREEN CYAN YELLOW WHITE

CAPS LOCK TRUE VIDEO INV VIDEO <3 O O GRAPHICS DELETE

j
a n s <v
& iff < )
OPt N If CLUSt n FOHMAT

<« j <> 1 >« 1 < 1 > 1 ANO ; j

VEHIFV MERGE

rim.i> \ SCREEN $ ATTR

I N KEY $

| |
SHIFT

Jf
PAPER FLASH BRIGHT OVER INVERSE

VI
3

The growing range of Spectrum Software b

S
You'll know already that the s
Spectrum has generated an V
enormous range of peripher c
and independent software.(X ^
own range is growing very fast t\
and is shown in the Sinclair v
Software Catalogue - free witr ft
every ZX Spectrum.

W
•
)83
ZX C O M P U T I N G JUNE/JULY 1983 68
ctum - n e w s !

16Know
£QQ95
Lrn mJ ^ Pri
Previously £125.

Know ZX Printer now

£39.95

129&
Previously £59.95

How to order your ZX Spectrum

Access, Barciaycard or Trustcard holders
- call 01 -200 0200 24 hours a day, every

Pr
day. By FREEPOST-use the coupon
Previously £175. below. Please allow up to 28 days for
delivery. 14-day money-back option.

At last, a 16K colour computer lowest possible price, we've Sinclair -

with graphics for under £100!
Why have we done it?
Partly because the sheer
cut the cost of the printer, too.
At £39.95, it's almost
unbelievable!
ZX Spectrum
Sinclair Research Ltd., S t a n h o p e Road,
volume of Spectrums sold (over At prices like these, there's Camberley, Surrey, GUIS 3PS.
300,000 so far) has brought really no reason to wait. Tel: 0276 685311. Reg no 1135105
down unit production costs.
And partly, of course, n,
To: Sinclair Research, FREEPOST, Camberley. Surrey, GUIS 3BR. n
Order
because we hope you'll buy a Oty Item Code Item Price Total
£
£
Sinclair computer-and not Sinclair ZX Spectrum - 16K RAM version 3000 9995
ie some competitor's promise! Sinclair ZX Spectrum - 48K RAM version 3002 129.95
an We've all heard about colour Sinclair ZX Printer 1014 3995
nerats computers breaking the £100
Printer paper (pack ot 5 rolls) 1008 1t 95
0028
e. Our barrier. Here's the computer
Postage and packing orders under £90
orders over £ 9 0 0029
2 95
4 95
y fast that's done it. A colour computer Total £ .
lir with advanced graphics that's Please tick if you require a VAT receipt
1 with fully supported, and widely
* I enclose a cheque/postal order payable to Sinclair Research Ltd for £
•Ptease charge to my Access/Barclaycard/Trustcard account no
available. * Please deiete/compiele as applicable I I I I I I I I I I I I
Right now, you can order a Signature PLEASE PRINT
Sinclair Spectrum at these Name Mr/Mrs/Miss I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
prices direct from Sinclair on Address J L _L I I I I J L
the order form below. And to I I I I I I I 1 J_ J

,J
make it even easier to handle I ' I I I I 1 • 1 I I I I I I I I _L 7XC906
high-level computing at the FREEPOST-no stamp needed. Prlces apply to UK only. Export prices on application

)83 ZX COMPUTING J U N E / J U L Y 1983 69

 SPECTRUM CAME

CLS : BORDER 2
LET h =0
fl
' A A"
H •»
ICS E-ATA 60,60,60,24,255,60,36 INKEY * = " e " THEN LET U'-IC
INKEY4 = " e " THEN GO TO 40
; 1 65 DATA 16 , 16 , 5 6 , 16 , 124- , 16 , 2 5 5 INKEY' $ = " h " THEN LET W =7 1
1 INKEY$="h" THEN GO TO 40
, 2 4 DATA 66,126,24,90,90,210,24 TO 2 7
LET u=PEEK 23675+256*PEEK 2
^ۥ76
~ 9 FOR i =0 T O 7
10 RERD J
11 POKE U + 1 6 + + i , j
12 NEXT i (RND*2 )
14 FOR i = 0 TO 7 (RND *3)
15 RERD J a=a-*k=l AND 3 > 1> + U =e>
16 POKE u +24 + i , J
17 NEXT i
20 FOP i = 0 T O 7
2 1 RERD j •9=: LET b = b - i l = 2 AND b > 1j + t L
22 POKE u +32 + i , j AMD b < 1 0 )
23 NEXT i
26 CLS 1 1 0 PRINT AT y , x - l ; INK l ; " C " :
2 7 PP. I N - INK 1; PAPER 6 , AT 2 , 1 RE-i G R A P H I C S ' C '
- ':SKI RUN"
26 PRINT AT 6 , 2 ; " K e y 'M' s t e e r I I I P R I N T AT y - 1 / x - 2 ; ; AT y
s s k i e r to r i g h t " - 2 x - 2 : "
30 PRINT AT 3 , 2 ; " K e y '2" steer
s s fc i e r t o left" 120 PRINT AT 20,a; INK 4;"*";TP
32 P R I N T AT 1 2 , 4 , " F o r e a s y 9e- B s +u'; " * " 70

•83
a COMPUTING JUNE,'JULY 1983
 SPECTRUM CAME

Brave the slippery slopes

with this program from Mr
Davis of Checkley.
If you can't afford that skiing the simple rules. (Once y o u get course, y o u ' l l find various
holiday in Switzerland but long on the slopes, of course, the obstacles in the way of trees.
for the thrills and spills of the going gets a little tougher!) To Don't crash into them or you'll
slopes, then this is the program steer your character d o w n the find the message 'You have
for you and your 16K Spec- course, you use t h e ' m ' key to crashed!' come up on the
trum. move right and the 'Z' key to screen and you find yourself
Once y o u ' v e typed it in and move to the left. You also have back at the beginning. The pro-
got the progam up and RUNn- the option of choosing an easy gram also includes a 'High
ing, you'll be greeted w i t h an game Ce'l or a hard one ('h'). score' facility.
introduction page explaining On the w a y d o w n the Good luck!

I£2 J" b=2 P R I N T I N K 2 ; RT ic.0 I F SCREEN} Cy , x - 1 ) = " at" T H E n

, * -1-.'- ( I * , Sr * - 2 ; D " ; INK 7 ; RT £ GO T L £ 0 5
t* 'Si " ' " : REM G R A P H I C S 165 IF SCREEN $ (y , x - 1 ) = T H E N
' Is' GO TC
1 7 0 l E T .X s n - i I N K E Y * = " ) + \ I N K E Y
154 IF b-7 T H E N P R I N T INK 3 ; RT > "

£ 0 , ci + I N T V* / 2 ) - 2 ; " C " ; INK 7 ; RT £ 160 L E T t = t + i

1 9 0 GO TO 30
125 1= b =3 THEN P R I N T INK 4-; HT i 0 5 CLS
2C'.. a + 1 n ' T (w ) + " D " ; INK 0; hT £ 2 0 6 I F t > h T H E N L E T h = t
e,a+lNT <«I.'E:« + 2 ; " C i " ; INK 7;.RT
,3+INT iw / 2 ; + 1 ; " ' 2 1 0 P R I N T RT 3 , 5 ; F L P S H 1; B R I i
HT 1; " Y o L» h a v e c r a s h e d ? . '
1 2 6 IF T H E N P R I N T INK 2 ; RT
£©j8 + IN7 (I-,:/?) r 2 j " C " ; INK 7 . RT 2 2 1 5 P R I N T RT 6 , 6 , F L R S H 1; BRIG
i,*+IN7 (>•/£ +£: HT 1; I N K R N D # 7 ; PRPER 9 , " YOUR
SCORE I S , t ,
:=7 IF T H E N P R I N T INK 0; hT
Se , a + I ^ T i w / 2 ) - i ; "E "; INK 7 ; ; S T =-: 2 2 0 P R I N T RT 1 3 , 6 ; F L R S H 1; I N K
i.s-t-INT (Hi/2 i - 1 ; ' " REM GRPPHIC- R N D * 3 ; PRPER 9 ; " H I G H SCORE I S
5 'E' II • L . (1
r
II
J > *

130 PRINT 2 2 5 P R I N T RT 1 5 , 5 ; " P r e s s ' P ' t o

p l a y again"
14-e POKE 2 3 6 9 2 , - 1 : P R I N T 2 3 0 BEEP . 0 1 , R N D * 2 O - R N D * 2 0

i5C P K I N " INK 0 , PRPER 5; ^ T 0 , 235 I F INKEY5 = " P " T H E N GO TO

; "SCORE I S " ; t ; " £4.0 GO TO 2 1 0
155 P R I N T INK 0; 5; RT 0 , 1 250 SRUE "sKi run"
a-; H I G H S C O PE I S "; h , " " 260 STOP

•83 a COMPUTING JUNE,'JULY 1983 71

 At Men
we realise the potei
M E M O P A K 16K For those iust siting
out on (he rood to m l computing, this pack
transforms the ZX 81 from a toy to a powerful
computer Data storage, extended programming
and complex displays become feasible.
For even greater capacity, memory packs can
be added together (16+ i6Kof 16+J2K).
The MF.MOPAK J2K and the MEMOPAK
64 K offer large memories at economical pnees.
It all adds up to an efficient,
modular computer system
The M e m o t e c h approach to microcomputing is to take
the well-proven and popular Z X 8 1 as the heart of a modular
system. This small computer houses the powerful Z80A
processing unit and acts as the central processor module
through which the M e m o p a k s operate.
M e m o t e c h has a reputation for professional quality,
producing units which are designed to fit perfectly, to look
well-balanced, and to work efficiently and reliably.
The modular approach gives ZX81 owners the freedom to
design the system they really need. Furthermore, the
intercompatibility of the modules ensures that later additions
will click straight in, to give you a system that grows with your
ambitions and abilities.
To ensure that your expectations are realised, care is taken
at every stage to design features into the system to anticipate
your needs. For example:
1) Memories are cumulative e.g. I6K and 32K can be added
How it all fits together You can see from (he diagrams how various
Mcmotcch Sinclair units can be combined.
)83
ZX81
MEMOPAK Centronics l/F
The BASIC commands LPRINT, LLIST and
COPY are used to print on any CENTRONICS
type printer. AJl ASCII character* are generated
and translation takes place automatically within
the pock. Reverse capitals give lower case
Additional facilities allow high resolution printing.
£39.90
ineVAT
to the M e m o p a k 16K or even to the Sinclair 16K RAM pao
2) The H R G firmware allows commonly used constructions
(such as scrolling, shading and labelling graphs), to becalle^
by a few simple commands. 3) The Centronics l/F converts
ZX81 character codes into A S C I I and extends the print linen
the width of the printer, still using the L L I S T , LPRINT an;
C O P Y commands.
As one example, a system with 16K. of memory and
M e m o c a l c is all that is required to perform the same
sophisticated numerical projections as a computer at 10 times
the price. The problem may be as complicated as a cash flow
or production schedule, or as simple as household accountstr
pocket money budgeting. If your bank manager wants to seci
cash flow, then a single print instruction to the Centronics 1!
will give a printout which is more than acceptable.
The example system which is shown, on the other hand,
would satisfy the needs of someone who wanted to enter datt
ZX C O M P U T I N G JUNE/JULY 1983 72
rotech,
itial of your ZX81 M E M O C A L C Tlx soetn dopby behave
as a 'window' on a Urge sheet of paper on
which a table of numbers is laid out The
maximum size of the tabk is determined by the
memory capacity, and with a MEMOPAK MK
a uWe of up to 7000 numbers with up to 250
rows or 99 columns can be specified. Each
location in the table can be either a number
which is keyed in or a formula which generates
a number
C 2 9 . 9 0 Inc V A T

M E M O P A K H R G This pack breaks

down the constraints imposed bv operating at
the ZX8I character level and allows high
definition displays to be generated. All 248 * 192
individual pixels can be controlled using simple
commands, and the built in software enables
the user to work interactively at the dot, line,
character, bkxk and page levels Scrolling,
Hashing and animation are all here
C39.90 incVAT

MEMOTECH KEYBOARD
The Memoiech plug-in Keyboard plus bulfer
pack takes the effort out of data enuy for ZX81
users The Key board has a light professional
touch and is housed in an elegant aluminium
case The simple plug-in system means that you
are not obliged to open up your ZX81, use a
soldering iron or invalidate your ZX8I
warrants
£ 4 9 . 9 5 Inc VAT

f wncwwiff —I

mes KEYBOARD BUFFER PAK

The Buffer Pak perl onus a "housekeeping"
iow
function for the Keyboard, interfacing directly
ts or with the port at the back of your ZXSl
sec a
rs I F via a light-touch k e y b o a r d , c o n s t r u c t a n d l a b e l g r a p h s , a n d
then copy the screen to a n 8 0 - c o l u m n p r i n t e r . O n l y 1 6 K o f To Memotech Limited, Witney, Ox on. 0 X 8 6BX
memory is shown here b u t w i t h a d d i t i o n a l m e m o r y , m o r e t h a n Tel Wttney 2977, Telex 83372 Memtec G
nd,
Please send me the following Memotech products
lata one video page can b e s t o r e d . U p t o 7 p a g e s c a n b e d i s p l a y e d
Please add £2 0 0
m rapid succession to g i v e a n i m a t e d d i s p l a y s . per ftem to cover
Looking f o r w a r d , M e m o t e c h w i l l c o n t i n u e t o b a c k t h e post and packing
ZX81 through 1 9 8 3 w i t h fast s t o r a g e d e v i c e s , p r e s s u r e s e n s i t i v e
I enclose a cheque/P O kw
electronic drawing b o a r d s a n d m o r e s o f t w a r e p a c k s i n c l u d i n g a or please debit my Access/Barciaycard account number
Wordprocessur, an R S 2 3 2 I n t e r f a c e a n d a Z 8 0 A s s e m b l e r .

MEMOTECH PRODUCTS ARE I Signature .Date

AVAILABLE FROM MAJOR BRANCHES | Name and Address

OF W.H.SMITH AND JOHN MENZIES L_ _

)83 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983 73

 ZX81 CAME

Machine
1 0 LET A $ = " 3 2 i n v e r s e ZX81 is in Slow mode, or else
spaces" the screen will go blank. If this
2 0 LET B $ = "shifted graphic should accidentally happen,

code catch
5; 3 0 spaces; shifted graphic keep a finger on one of the keys
8 " ' 5 ' to ' 8 ' and the program
3 0 PRINT A$ s h o u l d r e t u r n a f t e r a few
4 0 FOR 1= 1 TO 9 seconds.
5 0 PRINT BS Finally, I am including a fully
6 0 NEXT I documented copy of my original
Take a ZX80 program, 7 0 PRINT A$ machine code program, as I
believe it would be of immense
add a pinch of machine
8 0 RAND USR 1 6 5 1 4
9 0 PRINT PEEK 1 6 6 0 2 value to machine code boffins

code and what have you

Lines 10 to 7 0 draw the border who are struggling, as I was for
on the screen and create a dis- so long, without making any real

got — a perfect recipe

play file. This is because, to the progress. The program shows
best of my knowledge, there is fairly clearly how to print infor-

for a 1K ZX81 program

no convenient way of creating a mation onto the screen, and
display file using machine code how to mask the keyboard for

from Mick Garfitt of

on a 1K Z X 8 1 . Line 8 0 calls the inputs. Those were the two
USR subroutine from within the main points which I found con-

Huddersfield. REM statement and line 9 0

prints the score. Before running
fusing, and none of the literature
available to me was particularly
this program, ensure that the helpful in this respect.

The following program w as (The REM statement must con- 3E 19 3E 28 OB 14 07 18 DF

adapted from the Z X 8 0 game tain 151 characters) 00 36 F7 15 1 1 3E CB 15 FF
of Catch, by I Soutar, on page 10 LET X = 1 6 5 1 4 32 14 DB FE 21 00 07 FE 19
1 0 3 of the first edition of ZX 2 0 SCROLL DA 3E FE 7B 00 30 CB 80 18
Computing. 3 0 INPUT A$ 40 00 FE 28 18 32 08 38 01
The object was to fit the pro- 4 0 POKE X, 16 * C O D E 3A 06 6F 07 03 DA A8 06 23
gram onto a 1K Z X 8 1 , which A$ + CODE A $ ( 2 ) - 4 7 6 34 FF 28 18 11 40 32 11 36
on the face of it seemed a fairly 5 0 PRINT X; " " ; A$ 40 OE 12 E6 DF 3E EO 21 80
st rai gh f o r w a r d task — 6 0 LET X = X + 1 32 FF 3E 36 FF 00 40 00 2A
WRONG! I achieved it only after 7 0 GOTO 2 0 EO OD EF 00 36 47 22 19 17
re writing the entire program in When you RUN the above pro- 40 B9 DB 2B 00 F6 17 18 41
machine code, and it has taken gram, the computer will display 2A 20 FE 18 19 DF 41 OB C3
some months to perfect. It was " " at the bottom of the screen. OC FC FE 10 7E EE FE FE 96
originally intended solely for my Enter the first two-digit code 40 05 6F 36 FE DF CO 40 40
o w n amusement, but consider- s h o w n b e l o w , then press 1 1 B8 28 00 00 CB 38 38 00
ing the time and effort that Newline. The screen will then B5 20 14 23 CO 03 06 00
went into writing the program, show ' 1 6 5 1 4 3E'. 00 F6 FE 18 36 2B 11
it seems only fair to share it 3E is the code you have just 77
w i t h the rest of the world. entered, and 1 6 5 1 4 is the ad- The Hex codes you have to enter using the loader program
The game is played in the dress at which the code is now
same way as the original. You held. Now enter the remaining object code Source Program
move by entering ' 5 ' to move codes, pressing Newline after
left, ' 6 ' to move down, ' 7 ' to each two-digit code. Enter all Decimal Hex Op-
Address Address code Mnemonic comments
move up and ' 8 ' to move right. the codes in the left-hand col-
When you have moved, the umn first, then all the codes in 16514 4082 3E LDA.00 Initialise variables
Z X 8 1 will place a black square the second column, etc. 16515 4083 00 set score to zero
on one of the four sides of your If you make a mistake when 16516 4084 32 LD(score),A
position. If you move onto a entering the Hex codes, press 16517 4085 DA
black square, the game will end Newline t w i c e to return to 16518 4086 40
and the ZX81 will tell you how BASIC command, then change 16519 4087 3A LDA, (FRAMES)
many moves you survived. X 1 6 5 1 4 in line 1 0 t o X - ( t h e 16520 4088 34 number generator
Scoring over 9 5 is very good, value of the address where the 16521 4089 40
although the computer does mistake occurred). RUN the pro 16522 408A 32 LDlseedl.A
not award gold stars! gram again and it will start at the 16523 408B EO
To enter the program, begin address you have specified 16524 408C 40
w i t h the following Hex-loader without destroying any of the
program: codes entered before that ad Plot initial
dress. When you have entered position
1 REM AAAAAAAAAAA the last code, press Newline 16525 408D 2A LD HL,(D-FILE> find address of
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA twice to exit from the program. 16526 408E OC first character on
AABBBBBBB8BBBBB8B8B Line 1 should now read REM Y M 16527 408F 40 screen
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBCCCC A N D R N D U O R N D M , e t c . (I 16528 4090 11 LD DE,00B5h add 1 81 to that
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC always look forward to that bit.) 16529 4091 B5 address
CCCCCCCCCDDDDDDDDDD The rest of the program (lines 16530 4092 00
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD 10-70) is no longer required, 16531 4093 19 ADD HL,DE
DDDEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE and must be deleted and replac- 16532 4094 36 LD(HL), 14h print initial
EEEEEEE ed with the following program. 16533 4095 14 position on screen

74 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

r
 \

ZX81 CAME
Time delay loop 16599 40D7 36 LDlHL), 1 4 h plot n e w position
16534 4096 3E Delay:LDA,00 set A to zero 16600 40D8 14
16535 4097 00 16601 40D9 3E I D A , score get score
16536 4098 06 LDB.FFh set B to 2 5 5 16602 40DA 00 score:
16537 4099 FF 16603 40DB 3C INC A increment score
16538 409A OE Loop 1 :LDC,FFh set C to 2 5 5 16604 40DC 32 LD(scorel,A store new score
16539 409B FF 16605 40DD DA
16540 409C OD Loop 2:DEC C decrement C 16606 40DE 40
16541 409D B9 CP C until zero
16542 409E 20 JRNZ.Ioop 2 Random number
16543 409F FC generator
16544 40A0 05 DEC B decrement B 16607 40DF 3E LDA,seed get seed
16545 40A1 B8 CP B until zero 16608 40E0 00 seed:
16546 40A2 20 JRNZ.Ioop 1 16609 40E1 47 LDB.A generate
16547 40A3 F6 16610 40E2 F6 OR DFh next 'random'
16611 40E3 DF number in
Examine keyboard
16612 40E4 EE XOR DFh sequence
16548 40A4 3E Match:LDA,F7h look at block 3
16613 40E5 DF
16549 40A5 F7
16614 40E6 CB RLC A
16550 40A6 DB IN A,(FE)
16615 40E7 07
16551 40A7 FE
16616 40E8 CB RLC A
16552 40A8 FE CP 6Fh look at key ' 5 '
16617 40E9 07
16553 40A9 6F
16618 40EA CB RRC B
16554 40AA 28 JRZ.Ieft
16619 40EB 08
16555 40AB 12
16620 40EC A8 XOR B
16556 40AC 3E LDA.EFh look at block 4
16621 40ED 32 LD{seedl,A store new
16557 40AD £F
16622 40EE EO random number
16558 40AE DB IN A,|FE)
16623 40EF 40
16559 40AF FE
16624 40F0 22 LD(marker},HL store present
16560 40B0 FE CP 6Fh look at key ' 6 '
16625 40F1 17 position on
16561 4081 6F
16626 40F2 41 screen
16562 40B2 28 JRZ.down
16563 40B3 14
16564 40B4 FE CP 7 7 h look at key ' 7 ' 16627 40F3 FE CP COh if above 1 9 2
16565 4085 77 16628 40F4 CO then print before
16566 4086 28 JRZ.up 16629 40F5 38 JRC, below position
16567 40B7 15 16630 40F6 03
16568 40B8 FE CP 7Bh look at key ' 8 ' 16631 40F7 2B DEC HL
16569 40B9 7B 16632 40F8 18 JR print
16570 40BA 28 JRZ,right 16633 40F9 15
16571 40BB 07 16634 40FA FE below:CP 8 0 h if above 1 2 8
16572 40BC 18 JR m a t c h repeat if no 16635 40FB 80 then print below
16573 40BD E6 key pressed 16636 40FC 38 JRC,above position
16637 40FD 06
Plot new position 16638 40FE 11 LD D E . 0 0 2 1 h
16574 408E 36 Left:LD(HLI,00 delete old 16639 40FF 21
16575 40BF 00 position 16640 4100 00
16576 40C0 2B DEC HL move to n e w 16641 4101 19 ADD HL,DE
16577 40C1 18 JR light position 16642 4102 18 JR print
16578 40C2 10 16643 4103 OB
16579 40C3 36 Right:LD|HLI,00 delete old 16644 4104 FE above:CP 4 0 h if above 6 4
16580 40C4 00 position 16645 4105 40 then print above
16581 40C5 23 INC HL move to new 16646 4106 38 JRC, after position
16582 40C6 18 JR light position 16647 4107 06
16583 40C7 OB 16648 4108 11 LD DE.FFDFh
16584 40C8 11 D o w n : L D DE, add one line to 16649 4109 DF
0021h position 16650 410A FF
16585 40C9 21 16651 410B 19 ADD HL.DE
16586 40CA 00 16652 410C 18 JR print
16587 40CB 18 JR dup 16653 410D 01
16588 40CC 03 16654 410E 23 a f t e r I N C HL otherwise print
16589 40CD 11 Up:LD DE.FFDFh subtract one line 16655 410F 36 print:LD{HL)80h after print position
16590 40CE DF from position 16656 4110 80 on screen
16591 40CF FF 16657 4111 2A LD HL,(marker) get position on
16592 40D0 36 Dup: LD<HL|,00 delete old 16658 4112 17 screen
16593 4001 00 • position 16659 4113 41
16594 40D2 19 ADD HL.DE move to n e w position 16660 4114 C3 JP delay repeal program
16595 40D3 7E light:LDA,(HL) check if new 16661 4115 96
16596 40D4 FE CP 0 0 position occupied 16662 4 1 16 40
16597 40D5 00 16663 4 1 17 00 marker:
16598 40D6 CO RET NZ end game if occupied 16664 4 1 18 00 The fully documented listing of the program.

ZX COMPUTING JUNEj'JULY 1 9 8 3 75 75

i
 ZX80 CAME

invaders
60 PRINT " I N V A D E R S 215 GOTO 30
HAVE FIRED" 2 2 0 PRINT "IF SCORES = 10
70 IF 2 = 1 THEN PRINT THEN END"
" O N E LIFE LOST" 2 3 0 PRINT "INVADERS = " ; l
80 IF Z = 2 THEN PRINT 2 4 0 PRINT " Y O U R LIVES =
"MISS" ";J

Shoot the aliens before

90 IF Z = 1 THEN LET 250 GOTO 212
J=J+I 3 0 0 PRINT " BOOOM"

they shoot you in this

100 PRINT " D O YOU W A N T 3 1 0 PRINT " Y O U HAVE
TO..." LOST"

game for your ZX80

110 PRINT " 1 = FIRE" 3 2 0 LET I = I + 1
120 PRINT " 2 = REPORT" 3 3 0 PRINT " AGAIN?"

written by Andrew 130

140
INPUTS
IF S = 1 THEN GO TO
3 3 5 INPUT A $
3 4 0 IF A $ = " YES" THEN

Haslem of Walsall. 150

170
IF S = 2 THEN G O T O
220
GO TO 4
3 5 0 PRINT " G A M E S W O N "
3 6 0 PRINT " YOU = " ;A
160 STOP 3 7 0 PRINT " INVADERS = *
You begin this game w i t h ten 2 LET A = 0 170 LET K = RND|2> ;H
lives, and each time you fail to 3 LET H = 0 180 PRINT " Y O U HAVE " ; 3 8 0 STOP
destroy one of the aliens you for- 4 LET J = 0 190 IF K = 1 THEN PRINT 4 0 0 PRINT " B O O O M "
feit one of your o w n precious 5 LET l = 0 "HIT" 4 1 0 PRINT " Y O U HAVE
lives. 20 PRINT " I N V A D E R S " 200 IF K = 2 THEN PRINT WON"
Once the game is under w a y , 22 PRINT " Y O U HAVE 1 0 "MISSED" 4 2 0 LET A = A + 1
you will be provided w i t h suit- LIVES" 210 IF K = 1 THEN LET 430 GOTO 320
able messages to keep y o u in 25 PRINT 1 = 1+1
touch w i t h h o w many lives you 30 IF J = 1 0 THEN GO TO 212 INPUT A $
have left. When the game is 300 213 IF A $ = " S " THEN STOP
ended, you will receive a report 40 IF I = 10 THEN GO TO 214 CLS of paramount Pictures
Photographcourtesy
of h o w many lives you lost, and 400
h o w many invaders y o u man- 50 LET Z = RND(2)
aged to shoot.

I*;?* •
//
 S*- t—

I I I
r . n

lvanian'
I v / FT b n - •
I
A spectacular 3-Jmazen
adventure for the I!
40K Spectrum

RICHARD SHEPHERD
SOFTWARE

TRANSYLVANIAN TOWER EVEREST ASCENT

A spine chilling adventure... enter via the dungeons... Conquer the world's highest peak in defiance of all the
navigate your way through 500 3-D rooms... survive the obstacles, men and nature can throw at you . survive
swooping vampire bats... reach the terrifying top ... and avalanches... cross bottomless crevasses... cope with
rid the world of the evil Count Kreepie! , , ^ wayward Sherpas — but don't run out of supplies!
On you survive the top of The Tower? Full save routine. 48K Spectrum. £ 6 . 5 0 .
Full save routine for use during the hours JijjjL . Also available by mail order

48K Spectrum. £6. SO.

f y S U P E R SPY
jk A global spy chase through complex puzzles,
Also available b y m a i l o r d e r ^
^
coded messages and 3-D mazes. Follow Dr
D e a t f 1 s tra f |ocate h s
' ' secret island... discover
SHIP OF T H E LINE TO ^ ^ t h e entrance to his lair... but it doesn't end
Command, a sailing ship .juggle your ^ ^ ^ ^ ^there! A different solution every game Full
supplies, crew and firepower... fearlessly^ • save routine 48K Spectrum. £ 6 . 5 0 .
battle your way up the admiralty ladder, bribe
Sea Lords as necessary... until you make First BUV TWO GET El OFF AIL PRICES INCLUDE
Sea Lordi Full save routine 48K Spectrum £ 6 . 5 0 . D I S C O U N T : BLf/THREE GET £2 OFF VAT 4 FIRST CLASS UK POSTAGE
BUY FOUR GET L3 OFF OVERSEAS ORDERS AOO El » FOR AIR MAIL

4SK EVEREST ASCENT « 16 50 t

«K TRANSYWAN1AN TOWER at £6.50 E
49K SUPER SPY at 16.50 E

RICHARD SHEPHERD
48K SHIP OF THE LME at 16.50 (
DEALER PACK _
DISCOUNT
TOTAL E
Wr V' - - ^ a) I enclose cash/cheque/P O payable to Richard Snepnerd Software
a A
b| Dettt my ACCESS/VISA Card No.
wTtti t f * sum ol £ Signature
NAME ADDRESS.
Orvrou". discounts ^v.ni.iwe Credit Card Hotline 0628 21107
M pr0i(f.*ns Mr %otd %ut)j«t 10 thr tonddon tn.it they m/y not by w^y o! tiAdc of
tnrnvnf t * Imt. rwed out. r«oW Of oiMrfWfW(irtul««Jwithout Ihp uvrtttfi prrrntiwon
SEND IMMEDIATELY TO RICHARD SHEPHERD SOFTWARF
FREEPOST (no stamp nertrdl MAIDENHEAD. BERKS, SL6 SBY
'Ihtrwrcf Shepherd
BOOKSHELF
Patrick Cain takes a look at
three new titles for you and
your zx Spectrum.
The Art Of
Programming the
ZX Spectrum —
Mike James
'The Art of Programming the
ZX Spectrum' is the third in
'The Art of . ' and completes
the series written for the
Sinclair Micro range. By the co-
author of the other t w o excel-
lent accompaniments to the
Z X 8 0 and ' 8 1 , M James, the
Spectrum edition is a pocket
size reader discussing the
techniques of successful Spec
trum BASIC application.
Throughout the series, the
approach has been a simple
one, examining the capabilities
of the machine and suggesting
programming techniques that
achieve maximum effect.
The reader is required to
have passed elementary pro-
gramming but little further By
making explanations jargon-
free and simple to follow and by
illustrating each point w i t h
practical examples, advanced
insight to programming is
offered. At no point is the sub-
ject likely to be beyond the
grasp of most readers. The
result, a book that turns
straightforward BASIC into
really effective programs, and
computer users into program
mers.
In this book, the same for-
m a t is c l o s e l y followed.
Chapter t w o takes to task the
area of graphics and explains
some of the myriad terms
associated w i t h it. Terms that
other computer books and
publications often bandy about
as everyday vvwids bul unes
that can easily confuse. Follow
ing these explanations are
applications where 'User-
defined graphics' 'Inverse and
Over', 'Bright and Flash' might
be used to manipulate the
screen display. None of these
are an end in themselves but
without such knowledge it
would be difficult to progress.
Further, chapter four deals with
high resolution, the graphics
c o m m a n d s , h o w t o draw
circles and ellipses, where high
resolution graphics can be used
to enhance games and how
their use can be a disadvan
tage.
Breaking from the theory
for a time, there is the 'Arrows
Game' which is fun to play and
highlights much of the topics
discussed. By the time you get
through chapter six where
moving graphics are introduc-
ed, you will be becoming aware
of how arcade games like
'Squash' and 'Lunar Landing'
are constructed; if not, don't
worry as a lengthy explanation
of each program is provided.
Other programs illustrate
more of the techniques of
games graphics and by the end
of the chapter, you should be in
a position to expand and im-
prove upon the programs writ-
ten and include them in your
o w n games. Indeed, as far as
graphics are concerned you
ought to be well and truly in the
picture!
Chapter five deals w i t h the
sound capability of the Spec-
trum; unfortunately, it is rather
limited and anything too com-
plicated is beyond the scope of
both the machine and the book.
Maybe no book titled 'The
Art of Programming the ZX Over the into order a random series of
Spectrum' would be doing its Spectrum — numbers. The only facility you
have to change the sequence of
job properly, if it did not investi-
gate PEEK and POKE, as both
Melbourne House these numbers is the ability to
areas that are fairly advanced; 'Over the Spectrum' published reverse the order of some of the
but whilst the bounds of this by Melbourne House, the soft- elements. I found it a deman-
book do not extend to fully ware people, is a colourful com d i n g , and all t o o o f t e n
cover the subject, I felt that p e n d i u m of p r o g r a m s by frustrating game, and at only
which was given was a little various authors. And if a com- 4 1 lines long one that could
cursory. puter book of this ilk is to be easily be listed and saved.
Similarly, areas other than judged by the games it con- Longer, but equally impres-
graphics, which gets another tains, then the title is neither sive, is 'Fruit Machine' -
airing in chapter ten. were pretentious or overambitious. notable for the extensive use
perhaps just too concise, re- From the outside in, the made of Spectrum's user-
quiring more of the reader and price of C6.95 is in the upper defined graphics capabilities.
consequently less suited to region of what one might ex- As the title suggests, the pro
new readers. Disappointing, as pect to pay for such a book gram simulates a fruit machine;
ihu previous bookb had usually (and perhaps more of that since I usually end up losing on
been suitable for almost ail might have been spent on the the real thing, I found this ver-
levels of micro buffs. binding as I found my copy sion to be ideal and just as
In comparison to its pre- began to fall apart at the seams entertaining with over 6 0 user
decessor 'The Art of Pro- in its first few days). It does, defined graphic characters pro-
gramming the ZX Spectrum' is however, contain eight colour duced on the 16K machine.
a poor relation, though in com- pages. Really? Mine actually The listing given in the book
parison to many books that had twelve but four of them does require the 48K RAM; but
attempt to do the same sort of were double. the accompanying text details
thing it is highly recommended Too often I find books of how to successfully reduce it to
and at £ 2 . 5 0 , you certainly will this kind offer little other than fit aboard the smaller machine.
not be wasting money. 'The Art poor attempts at reproducing Amongst the rest of those
of Programming the ZX Spec- existing arcade games while non-arcade type games is a
trum' is written by Mr. James the Spectrum is suited to run- puzzle called 'Leapfrog', Black-
and published in paperback ning equally exciting and en- jack', and '3D Maze Man' in
f o r m by B e r n a r d Babani joyable games of a different which you are trapped in a
(Publishers) Ltd, The Gram- nature. 'Number Reversal' is a maze, escape is against the
pians, Shepherds Bush Road, game that tests your powers of clock hindered by some un-
London W 6 7NF. logic by challenging you to put friendly monsters. What makes
ZX COMPUTING JUNEj'JULY 1983 78

this maze game different from
the rest is that by cleverly con-
trolling t h e graphics, the
simulated 3D maze is only
revealed in response to your
actions o n y o u r journey
through. The program notes
clearly reveal how to alter the
appropriate data statements to
define your o w n maze, and
consequently the number of
possible games is as many as
your imagination allows.
Many similar books go to
some length to justify the quali-
ty of the arcade games they
contain, laying blame at the
hands of the machine's limita-
tions or those of the language.
'Over the Spectrum' has no
need to make such excuses,
where the weakness in BASIC
exists, machine code has been
employed. 'Space Escape',
'Lunar Landing', 'Alien Blitz'
and 'Spectrum Invaders' are as
good as any commercial ver-
sions available and better than
most and all are capable of run-
ning on the smaller 16K
machine. 'Freeway Frog' is par-
ticularly notable; by extending
the area available for user-
defined graphics to allow for 5 5
rather than the 21 normally
available, a great variety of
screen characters are produced
and their subsequent employ-
ment makes for a top quality
game.
Of course, games of such a
high standard require an equally
high standard of programming,
often to novice programmers
ones that can be difficult to
understand. New and ex-
perienced programmers can
both benefit from the accompa-
nying texts, which offer detail-
ed program descriptions, full
program structures and special
notes that give advice on adap-
ting the programs to produce
others from them. With the
novice much in mind, the notes
refer the reader to the manual
at those points where advanc-
ed programming techniques are
called upon.
'Over the Spectrum' is a
book that you can use the first
time you put your fingers to a
computer and by listing the pro-
grams you will soon be running
up to seventeen high quality
games. It is also one that will
continue to offer advice and in-
struction as your o w n skill in-
creases. Published by
Melbourne House it is a 1 6 4
page collection of programs by
a professional software house
and costs £6.95. For further
information contact Melbourne
House, Glebe Cottage, Glebe
House, Station Road,
Cheddington, Leighton Buz-
zard, Bedfordshire LU7 7NA.
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1 9 8 3
BOOK REVIEWS
Better
Programming for
your Spectrum
and ZX81 —
Robert Peel
'Better Programming For Your
Spectrum and Z X 8 1 ' as the
title proclaims belong to a
category of books that I hold
some reservations about. It is
hardly likely that instructions
for maintaining a Rolls Royce
will be found side by side in the
same volume as those for a
Mini. I feel that it is no more
likely that one book will serve
both the ZX81 and the Spec-
trum. Has author Robert Peel
managed to successfully marry
the t w o tasks in this 2 8 4 page
publication by Fountain Books?
To find out I flicked through
the pages to find the chapter
that dealt w i t h converting
Z X 8 1 programs to Spectrum
ones. It may be true that Z X 8 1
BASIC is essentially a subset of
Spectrum BASIC but there are
substantial differences in the
machines, differences that re-
quire lengthy discussion before
any effective conversion can
take place. The five pages of
this section I found were too
particular by far to usefully
resolve the differences in the
t w o forms of BASIC. It might
be said also that of the few pro-
grams that would run in the
Z X 8 1 , there were less than a
handful in almost three hundred
pages, they were hardly worth
converting.
In sizable print, the cover
claims over forty new programs
are contained; a read d o w n the
contents page verifies this as
true although a read through
the pages that follow shows
that good ones number a bit
less. There are a f e w good
games, in the main variations
on the old faithfulls 'Sheep-
dog' and 'Knight Fight', are of
this ilk. ' 3 D Maze' is an excel-
lent version of a current
favourite; the screen displays
the way ahead, and to help
when you really get stuck, you
can ask for a compass bearing
or if lost an ariel view of the
maze and your position in it is
provided. Several similar games
are available currently but this
is by far one of the best. Equally
deserving of special note is
'Hero Maker' a three part
adventure game that can be run
on an extended Z X 8 1 or
Spectrum.
k
The program Hero Maker'
is developed in stages which
are added to the core. The
game can be run at any point
after the core has been entered,
a technique that many authors
point to as being good program-
ming although all too few
howsvfir appear to subsequally
take any notice of their o w n
advice. Mr. Peel to his credit
has, and 'Hero Maker' is a
valuable example of how to
write a good program as well as
being an extremely good game.
I wonder if saying 'I value
books that spend some time
away from games to look at the
educational uses of Sinclair
machines' too grand a state-
ment to make? Certainly the
educational applications that
are possible are extensive, and
if you enjoy computing and are
studying why not combine the
two? I get the feeling Robert
Peel might have done just that.
His treatment of mainly physics
and mathematical problems
offer realistic solutions that are
indeed valuable for their educa-
tion qualities rather than their
ability to make fancy things
happen to the screen. The pro-
grams span such subjects as
probability, wave properties,
quadratic equations and simple
trigonometry; the techniques
used in their design and con-
struction are explained well and
even if none of these subjects
are your current headache, the
application of similar techni-
ques should soon see you
teaching and examining your
o w n educational programs.
Throughout the book,
small programs highlight the
subjects being discussed —
user-defined, high resolution
graphics, colour and sound —
each supported by a clear if not
always detailed accompanying
text. They are suited more to
Spectrum than the Z X 8 1 but
the techniques are general,
well-founded, and w i t h little
trouble applicable to the smaller
machine. The book is not in-
novative, or obviously suited to
a genius, but rather it is aimed
at those of us who are learning
doggedly by trial and error. Its
strength is in that you really
sense that the author has
recently passed along the same
road and has some real advice
to offer.
Published by Fontana 'Bet-
ter Programming For Your
Spectrum Z X 8 V is written by
Robert Peel, costs £ 2 . 9 5 and is
well worth the cost and time to
read it. For further details of
this publication you can contact
Fontana Paperbacks at 14 St
James' Place, London SW1A
IPS.
79
4
 inizlair" COHPUTERGUIDES
PUBLISHED BY SINCLAIR BROWNE LIMITED &
SB

Dynamic Games for the

ZX Spectrum
Dynamic by T i m H a r t n e l l
Games for the r i m Hartnell has selected 20 dynamic games of

ZX Spectrum
lasting interest. They nmge from Ijoard games
like CHESS and PIRAXDEl .1 O, lo arcade
action in JOGGER a n d DEATHRACE 2000.
and include a major adventure game.
REVENGE OF CASTLE DREAD.
A detailed introduction is provided lot even
game and, in most eases, the program is
explained line In line, highlighting the nitks
the programmers ha\e used and suggesting how
these can he applied in other programs and
games. At the end ol the hook a chaptei is
devoted to suggestions on how to improve youi
ow n programs.

0 946195 13 7 192pp
fl s i n t z l a i r - CPMPUTERGUIDE
Ma\ 1983 (paper) £5.95

The
In this practical guide — with programs
throughout — I "im Hartnell takes his leaders
from theit first steps in programming to how the

ZX Spectrum Z X Spectrum can he used as a tool ;it home, ai

work and for education. He looks at the use ol
sound, colom .ind ,'il) giaphit s. and show s how to -a

Explored write programs in BASIC, as well .is how to use

machine code on the Z\ Spectrum.

b\ Tim Hartnell, The /X Spectrum Explored is complete with

Foreword b\ Clive Sinclair m a m programs foi edu< at ion. business and — not
least — pure fun!
(I 9 Hi 195 00 5 218pp ()< tohei 1982 £5.95

Marketed by
John Wiley & Sons Limited
5 Baffins Lane • Chichester • Sussex PQ19 1UD • England

80 ZX C O M P U T I N G JUNE/JULY 1983
 Push your Sinclair to the limit
ZX81/SPECTRUM UTILITIES NEW LOW PRICE *
ARCADE GAMES
TOOLKIT
Nine powerful new functions (or
yourZX8l (including re-number
C
, ZX INVASION FORCE
lines (goto, gosub). program merge,
string linding and replacement £5.95
^ GAMES
-TTcxN (ZX81) SPEC BUG $ ONLY f 5.95 for ZX81
Use your skill to fire through A 30 in 1 machine code tool and disassembler and £6.95 for SPECTRUM
the energy band to destroy for your ZX Spectrum £6.95 INCA CURSE (Adventure B>
the menacing alien ship — ZX BUG In a jungle clearing you come across an
£3.95 A 30 in 1 machine code tool and disassembler ancient Inca temple Your mission to enter,
— T ^ v i s j SPEC INVADERS for your ZX81 £6.95 collect the treasure and escape alive But
M t - j f J U SPECGOBBLEMAN beware! Includes a cassette save routine
SHIP OF DOOM (AdventureC)
These exciting high-
speed classic games
Improve your machine You ate unavoidably drawn to an alien cruiser
incorporate hi-resolutiongraphics and code programs with this Can you reach the control room and free
yoursell? Of will they get you first? Includes
sound to bring you the best in arcade
action at only £4.95 each (16/48K) new 48K Spectrum a cassette save routine.
ESPIONAGE ISLAND (Adventure0)
— ; SPEC FROG 5/SH0WD0WN Assembler While on a reconnaisance mission your plane
(16/48K) loses control and you are forced to land.
-ZiC\N Just released by Artie, tnis new professional
H
° P across the dangerous quality assembler is also available for 16K Can you survive and escape with the island's
ZX81 and features:— hidden secret?
road avoiding the lethal cars,
then lorries. Go back to the • Word processor )tKe text editor * High- PLANET OF DEATH .Adventure A) 16/48K
wild west tor a gunf ight battle amongst speed. versatile two-pass mnemonic You find yourself slranded on an inhabited
assembler with labels and detailed error- alien planet Can you reach your ship and
cacti and wagons. Features include trapping. Will assemble to any address
western music. £4.95 escape?
* Essential support facilities such as
NAMTIR RAIDERS (ZX81) memory-edit, register inspect/modify and
High speed, quick action search for de bugging. • Full output to
z x F 0 R T H
arcade game with four ZX •printer. » Memory-status
for Supplied on cassette
separate groups of attackers. report and comprehensive . . . . u f Q n r with editor cassette,
£3.95 user-manual. O N L Y X.57.570 user manuals and keyboard overlay ZX Forth

ZX81& SPECTRUM
combines the simplicity of basic with the
Goooieman also available for zxai at £3.9S speed of machine code now £14 95

THE ULTIMATE ADVENTURE FOR THE

SPECTRUM
MICRO CHESS
S P E C T R U M / Z X 8 1 lor only € 9 9 5
GREAT
The only Chess program for a 16K or *8K Spectrum CHESS
Allows all legal moves, casteliing, en-passant
and pawn promotion
GAME FOR
Options lo play black/or wnne Sets
board in any position Full colour
YOUR ZX81
and graphics display
ONLY
OR SPECTRUM spectrum
CHESS48K
£6.95 ZX CHESS I
Very popular machine code program, with six
levels of play and an analysis option. Available
forZXSl £6.50
ZX CHESS II
A new improved version, with a faster response
RULES time, seven levelsof play, analysis option and in
AVAILABLE
FROM ARTIC
additionarecommendedmoveoption £9.95
Vou» eccentric father
has le't you £10.000 in his will In order to claim your
Z X 1 K CHESS -
windfall you must solve twelve clues and gam Anincrediblegame featured OTn1 ^
access lo a bank account in which the money has In 1K for only
IM 11/
£2.95
Ann., e i n e ' " —- "

actually been deposited Be the first lo crack the SPECTRUM

puttie and the prize is yours1 Plus you win win two
tickets to the city ol the secret-KRAKlT^vault INVASION SPECTRUM

location The Prize money is increased weekly. A
telephone number will be Supplied SO you have the
opportunity lo find Out iusi how much you could win
DON'T MISS
YOUR CHANCE TO WIN
A FORTUNE!
FORCE
A popular arcade game lor 16K or 48K Spectrum
Fires through the force field to destroy the
menacing alien ship Sounds easy? 1 Two levels of
play — normal 0> Suicidal Full colour Sound and
h>-/es graphics
NOW ONLY £4.95
This incredible program talks you
through your game
If le ts you Us move 'ecommenasa move, and
conta.m a range ol facetious comments The game
rs based on the highly successful ZX Chess n and
is offered at the Cnr<srma*o<lc price of £9 95
TTTTTTyfTTfTTTftTTftTfTTTTTTTYV
SPECTRUM CHESS now only £9.45

ALWAYS AHEAD WITH ZX81/SPECTRUM SOFTWARE To: Arlic Computing Ltd , 396 James Reckitl Avenue.
Hull N Humbersioe. HU80JA

Cheques & P O made payable to Artie Computing Limited Dealer enquiries welcome i MMn
- Please supply
Please slate whether your Order is for ZX81 or Spectrum. Send S A E (6in x 9ini for catalogue

nfi TIC
ISIflKill
ARTIC COMPUTING LTD.
396 JAMES RECKITT AVENUE,
Cheque for total amount enclosed

fame
Address

HULL, N. HUMBERSIDE, ZXfi/7

)83 ZX COMPUTING J U N E / J U L Y 1983 81


Harlow ITEC
Dear ZX Computing,
Following negotiations w i t h
Sinclair Research, Harlow ITEC
have solicited support for a
Spectrum 48K owners' club. It
is proposed that this owners'
club shall meet weekly pro-
viding a focal point for users,
and potential users of Sinclair
products. Guest speakers will
be arranged from time to time,
but generally the format for
club meetings will be determin-
ed by club members.
For further information on
the club and the other activities
undertaken by Harlow ITEC,
please get in contact with me at
the address below.
Yours faithfully,
Rory Waitt,
Senior Training Officer,
Harlow ITEC,
Springhills,
Hobtoe Road,
Harlow,
Essex C M 2 0 1TH,
Tel: Harlow 4 1 1 0 4 8
Royal Air Force
Computer Associa-
tion
Dear ZX Computing,
In early 1 9 8 2 , a f e w RAF com-
puter enthusiasts floated the
idea of forming a Royal Air
Force Computer Association
(RAFCAl. The response was
staggering, not only did many
individuals come forward, but it
was discovered that nearly 4 0
RAF stations already had com-
puter clubs of their own. There
is no doubt that many RAF per-
sonnel are keeping well abreast
of the latest developments in
personal microcomputer
technology, and a clear need to
assist, support and represent
this growing band of en-
thusiasts is recognised. To this
end, an Executive Committee
)83
of the embryo RAF Computer
Association has been formed
and RAFCA is getting 'off the
ground'.
The primary objectives of
the Association are to en-
courage and to foster an in-
terest in computing, thereby
improving the general level of
understanding of applied com
puter technology to the benefit
of the benefit of the individual
and the RAF. There is no con-
nection with official Govern-
ment computing, so the objec-
tives only relate to personal
recreational computing. The
RAFCA hopes to achieve its
aims through presentations,
demonstrations, the promotion
of competitions and facilities
for the exchange of informa-
tion, ideas and software. The
vehicle for much of this infor-
mation flow will be the RAFCA
magazine, 'COMPUTAIR', and
its supporting broadsheet, both
to be published regularly. RAF-
CA are seeking advertising sup-
port for the magazine, and any
offers of advertising, help and
discounts from commercial
organisations will be gratefully
received, and energetically
followed-up.
The Association will be laun-
ched at the Inaugural General
Meeting and Association Day,
Nottingham, on Saturday 7
May 1 9 8 3 . It is planned to
mount computer and program
displays w i t h talks and a
celebrity speaker. RAF com-
puter enthusiasts are assured
that this will be a worthwhile
occasion to attend, and further
details will be released nearer
the time.
Queries regarding this
release should be directed to
the Publicity Officer, but more
general enquries should be sent
to the Secretary, Squadron
Leader John Upham RAF, HQ
RAFSC, RAF Brampton, Hun-
tingdon, Cambs.
Yours faithfully,
Flight Lieutenant B Otridge RAF
W e also publish a little
Colchester Sinclair magazine too.
user Group Yours faithfully.
Dear ZX Computing, Arrigo Bondi,
I would be grateful if you could C/O Molmo Vecchio 10/F,
give a bit of publicity to a club 4 0 0 2 6 Imola,
that I am endeavouring to set Italy.
up. The inaugural meeting of
the club was scheduled for Wandsworth/
March 1, and meetings will
hopefully happen fortnightly Paddington
thereafter. Computer Club
you wish to come and swap
Dear ZX Computing,
ideas and information, is:
The Wandsworth Computer
Club and the Paddington
Straight Road Centre,
Computer Club, both recently
Colchester.
formed, are now going from
strength to strength.
For more information about
For more information on the
the club you should 'phone me
Wandsworth Computer Club,
on Colchester 6 1 0 6 6 .
contact Howard Cooke at the
Yours faithfully,
following address:
Richard Lown,
West Hill Library,
102 Prettygate Road,
West Hill,
Colchester,
London S W 1 8 .
Essex C 0 3 4EE,
Tel: 0 1 - 8 7 4 1 144.
Italian z x user Club For details of the Paddington
Computer Club, get in touch
w i t h Peter Hill on 0 1 - 7 2 3
Dear ZX Computing, 5762.
I am writing to tell you about Yours faithfully,
the club w e have set up in Italy.
Should any of your readers Robin Bradbeer,
want to write to any of us, Polytechnic of North London,
you'll find the address below. London N7 8DB.
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983 82

The zx Club
DearZX Computing,
On March 2 2 , 1 was interview-
ed on Radio Guernsey and
although it w a s only a five
minute interview, I received so
much response that I decided t o
start up a club for ZX users.
The first meeting of the group
took place in April and it is
assumed that meetings will oc-
cur monthly. The meetings will
be held at the following ad-
dress:
The Old Government House
Hotel,
St Annes Place,
St Peter Port,
Guernsey,
Tel: 0 4 8 1 2 4 9 2 1
The club is open t o begin-
ners and experts alike — if you
own or use a ZX micro, get in
touch me soon.
Yours faithfully,
John Lloyd,
Fiat 3,
Wightbridge House,
Lapollat,
St Peter Port,
Guernsey.
Tel: 0481 2 2 7 6 9
Club Micro
Europe/Hobby
Computer Club
Dear ZX Computing,
Unfortunately, t h e B D M A
(Belgium-Dutch Microcomputer
Club) has now closed. I would
be most grateful if you could
mention this in your magazine.
However, if you wish t o join
Micro Europe Club you can con-
tact them at the following ad-
dresses:
Club Micro Europe,
Chemin du Moulin 3 8 ,
B-1328 Chain,
Belgium.
and:
Hobby Computer Club,
Van Gamerenlei 16,
2130 Braschaat,
Belgium.
Yours faithfully,
PGlenisson,
Priesterde L'Epeestratt 14,
1200 Brussels,
Belgium.
Liverpool user Club
ZX Centre (the address of
which is given below).
I am trying to get more
people involved in a local group
and am at present offering
advice on programming and
which hardware add-ons to
buy for your Z X 8 1 or
Spectrum. I also offer some
assistance in sorting out
problems that people may have
w i t h their o w n programs or
those in magazines, both
BASIC and machine code.
Incidentally, I would like to
hear from anyone w i t h a good
knowledge of machine code,
as most of the current club
members are interested but not
really qualified to any great
extent in using it or explaining
the theory.
For more details, write to
my address (see below) or
'phone me on 0 5 1 - 2 3 6 6 1 0 9
during the day.
Yours faithfully,
Keith Archer,
ZX Computing Centre,
1 7 Sweeting Street,
Liverpool 2.
Camden Computer
Club
Dear ZX Computing,
The library of the London
Borough of Camden has
expressed an interest in the
possibility of forming Computer
Clubs at its branch libraries. At
present, residents of the
borough must cross the
borders into neighbouring
Islington for the computer club
at North London Poly, The
North London Computer Club.
To do this is not necessarily
convenient as it is always
easier t o travel in and out of
London's centre than across.
Initially, a computer club will
start at the Queens Crescent
Library, NW5. The opening
date is to be February 8,
1 9 8 3 , at 7 . 3 0 p m , but
meetings are to be scheduled
at the same time each week. It
is not intended to confine the
club t o any particular micro,
but Sinclair users will, of
course, be more than welcome.
Anyone interested in finding
out more about the club can
contact the library on 0 1 - 4 8 5
4 5 51, or you can write t o me
at the address given below or
'phone me on 0 1 - 2 6 7 1 6 1 7 .
Yours faithfully,
Wickford
Computer Club
Dear ZX Computing,
I am writing to announce a
microcomputer club in the
Basildon area. W e meet fort-
nightly on a Tuesday evening,
7 . 3 0 to 1 0 . 0 0 p m , at the
following address:
Healey Management Services,
The Hemmells,
Laindon.
For further information, n e w
members should ring me on
Wickford 6 3 0 3 2 after 6 . 3 0 p m
any night.
Yours faithfully,
Roger Sims,
6 0 Cedar Avenue,
Wickford,
Essex SSI 2 9DU.
Eastwood Town
Micro Computer
Club
Dear ZX Computing,
As a computer club, w e have
been going for some five
months. When w e started out,
he held one meeting a month;
this soon spread to t w o
meetings a week in which w e
try to cover as much as
possiblel
1
SINCLAIR • CLUB
T ) D J
A M N O
ANNO
(T-—
J^M""
January has seen the
formation of our new
committee and w e are looking
for new members all the time;
at the time of writing w e have
had 5 9 enquiries for
membership. We usually meet
at t w o venues:
Devonshire Drive Junior School
— every Wednesday at
5.45pm.
Eastwood Volunteer Bureau —
every Friday at around
6.00pm.
If these are not available, w e
also meet at Upper School on
Mansfield Road or the
Sunnycroft Scout HQ on Derby
Road.
For further details of the
club's activities, contact one of
the following:
Ted Ryan — Langley Mill
6 5 0 1 1 (Eastwood area).
Roger Hellings — Langley Mill
6 9 2 8 1 fHeanor area).
Robert Clifford — Ripley
81 2 4 5 9 (Underwood and
Selston areas).
Yours faithfully,
Ted Ryan,
1 5 Queens Square,
Eastwood,
Nottingham,
NG16 3BJ.
SECONDO - GENNA
^ C O K P O : O E N N A I O
,, el- - r «- "'"f^jr/.i-

Dear ZX Computing, Wil Jackson,

Our club meets every 131 Denton,
Wednesday evening between Maiden Crescent,
couple of the magazines published by the Italian ZX User Club,
6.30pm and 9.00pm at The London NW1.

)83 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1 9 8 3 83

 SPECTRUM EDUCATION

LET Illegal label error

. " : GO TO e r r o r
Z- 3 6 5 REM R comment ? - I f t o ; RETURN

CESIL 2
£390 IF J $ ( l ) = " T H E N LET K$(2
r o \ = j $: RETURN
LET cri=0
24 10 LET n j = j $ ( TO 3 )

part two
REM See i f t h e i n s t r . does
e x i s t .
a 4 2 0 FOR C = 1 TO 2 0
24-30 I F n $ = c $ ( c ) THEN L E T cn=c
24-4-0 NEXT c
^ 4 5 0 I F cn THEN GO TO 2 4 7 0
2 4 O 0 LET w $ = " I n s t r u c t i on d o e s n ' t
£ X i £ t.": GO TO e r r o r
2 4 - 6 S REM C h e c h to see i f instr.
John Miller presents the second i s a C E S I L command
I F C ( c n ) > = 1 8 3 THEN GO TO 24
part of this implementation of "30
the educational computer 24-30 LET w ^-''CoTiiru an d as s t a t e men
t e r r or." : GO TO e r r o r
language, CESIL. 24-90 LET K $ ( 2 ) ® C H R $ cn
2500 LET n=INT ( t c ( cn .1 - 1 0 0 0 } y 10©
)
First of all, an apology to those In this, the second part of this 2510 IF ri THEN GO TO 2540
of you w h o have been patiently feature, w e can now publish the 2512 REM I n s t r u c t i o n should have
awaiting this issue to type in this remaining lines of the program, no ar q u a e n t .
program in its entirety. Unfor- complete w i t h some screen 2515 REM IF t h e r e i s one t h e n
tanately, due to the size of the dumps to illustrate the operation output error message.
listing, w e were unable t o carry of the program. For full instruc- 2520 IF J * I4 TO ) ="
" THEN RETURN
the full listing in the April/May tions on the use of the program, 2 5 3 0 LET w $ = " I U e 9 a L u s e o f argu
issue of ZX Computing and were consult the article, ZX-CESIL - in e n t e r r o r . " : GO TO e r r o r
only able t o publish lines 10 part one, in the April/May issue 2 5 3 5 REM Does t h e < SPACE> e x i s t
through t o 2 3 7 0 . of ZX Computing. he tween i n s t r . & arg?

84 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

2540 IF j*(4)=" " THEN GO TO 2 5 6 closing quote
2550 L E T w $ - " S p a c e Mi s s i n ^ error
•" : Gu T O e r r o r 2SS0 IF 1) = THEN GO TO 2 9
2560 L E T TO ) 00
2570 I F n < ; 3 THEN GO TO 2 6 4 0 2390 LET w $ = " M i s s i n g quote error
.": GO TO e r r o r
i - j i n / j i 2 / j L i t o
y
I F j $ ( l ) a " l " THEN GO TO 2 6 © 2 9 0 0 L E T n $ = j $ ( 2 TO )
3 9 1 0 GO T O 2 9 3 0
2590 L E T w $ ; " L a b £ l m i s s i n g error 2920 LET w $ = " I n v a l i d text error.
. ; &o r o e r r o r " : GO TO e r r o r
T'595 REM U a l i d label after •*(.'"> 2 9 3 0 FOR C = 1 TO L E N n $
2600 I F NOT ( 2 ) > a " 0 " RND i £ ( 2 i 294-0 I F n $ ( C ) = THEN GO TO
< = " ? " ftN£» < ( 3 / > = " O " RND j $ (5 f < 9 0
OR " i THEN GO TO 2 9 5 0 I F n * ( c ) > = " " RND n $ U J < » " U
" THEN GO TO 2 9 7 0
^310 I F URL TO 3.> <1 OR URL 2 9 6 0 GO TO 2 9 2 0
J$(2 T O 3) >99 THEN GO T O 2 3 6 0 2 9 7 0 NEXT C
LET K K 3 ) s C H R * URL J $ f 2 TO 2 9 3 0 GO TO 2 8 9 0
2
* 9 9 0 L E T k $ ( 3 TO ) =n $ i TO c - l ) + r
3'3 RETURN
5640 I F r i < > 2 THEN GO TO 2 7 7 0 3 0 0 0 RETURN
2645 REM I f l S t f . i s d d d / d i v / l o a / 3 0 0 5 REM Y o u s h o u l d n e v e r reach
J»U I VS Li b line 3010!
2647 REM I s t h e a r g . v a l i d 7 3010 LET w % = " I m p o s s i b l e error."
2650 I F J $ I 1 ) =" a" OR ( j $ ( 1) < = " Q " 3 0 2 0 REM U d t - r r o r
hind j $ i l ) > i " 0 " OR j $ ( l ) r " - " ) T H 3030 LET w$=w$+r$
EM GO TO 2 6 7 0 304-0 GO SUB t e x t p r i n t
L E T w * 3 " I U e g a l o p e r a n d . " ; 304-5 REM S y n t a x i s b a d f l a g
5 0 Tu e r r o r 3 0 5 0 L E T bad = 1
2670 I P J $ ( i J = " a THEN L E T K * < 3 > 3 0 6 0 RETURN
= : LET J $ C 1 J - " 0 " 3 0 7 0 REM » n f £• t C h n o
2630 LE T i $ - J $ 3 0 7 5 REM F i n d a n u m b e r -
2690 GO SUB i n c h e c k i) c o n t e n t s o f an a d d r e s s
2V00 I F v a l i d THEN GO TO 2 7 2 0 i i ) a constant
2710 LET w $ - " N u « i b e r o u t o f r a n g e 3 0 3 0 L E T i $ = p $ iC l i n e , 3 TO 5J
error,". GO T O e r r o r 3090 I F i $ < ! ) = " " THEN GO TO 3 1 3
2720 I F i 5 ( 1 ) THEN L E T i $ ~ S T 0
R$ ( 6 5 5 3 6 + U R L i $) 3 1 0 0 L E T n a C O D E i $ 12) f 2 5 6 + C O D E i
2730 I F H ( ( 3 ) s " a " THEN I F URL $ ( 3)
>99 C»R URL. i £ 1 THEN GO TO 2 S 3 0 3 1 1 0 LET z=CODE a)in,1)*256+CODE
2740 LET k j t ( 4 ) =CHR$ I N T (URL i $ / a $ (n 2 )
256) 3 1 2 0 GO TO 314-0
2750 LET K S 1 5 ) =CHR> I N T i URL i £ - 3 1 3 0 L E T Z=CODE I$(2)*256+CODE i
i INT (URL i $ . ' 2 5 6 ) * 2 5 6 ) ) $ (3)
2760 RETURN 3 1 4 0 I F z > 3 2 7 6 7 THEN L E T z = 2 - 6 5 5
2770 I F n < >5 THEN GO TO 2 8 7 0 36
£775 REM I n s t r - i s S t o 3 1 5 0 RETURN
2777 REM D o e s " a " p r e f i x exist'* "3 m o F » c n B U o v f r r t o w
2780 I F ( 1 ) * " a - THEN G O T O 2 8 0 3 1 7 0 I F RBS a c c > 3 2 7 6 7 THEN GO T O
3190
2790 LET w $ = " L o c a t i o n missinq."; 3 1 8 0 GO TO n e x t
3 1 9 0 L E T w$ = f $ + " f i r i throe t i C o v e n '
GO TO e r r o r k o w " +r 4 + r $
2795 REM I s a d d r e s s valid'' 3 2 0 0 GO SUB t e x t p r i n t
2800 LET j $ = J $ ( 2 TO J 3 2 1 0 GO TO cmode
2310 GO 5UB i n c h e c k C-220 REM B t t i n c h e c k
2320 I F v a l i d THEN GO TO 2^4-0 3 2 2 5 REM C h e c k v a l i d i t y o f a
2 ?30 l e t w $ s " i n v a l i d location.". number h e l d i n s t r i n g
GO TO e r r o r form as -overcomes
2S40 LET k $ « 3 ) =CHR$ URL i $ Sinclair's o d d URL
BH GO T O U 2 8 { » $ > 9 9 ° R U R L 1 $ < 1 T H 3230 LET v a l i d - !
2860 RETURN 3240 I F = OR THEN L E T
2*370 I F n < > 4. THEN GO TO 3 0 1 0 v a I i d =0
2?75 REM I n s t r . is p r i 3 2 5 0 FOR n = 1 T O L E N i $
2377 REM C h e c k for opening quote 3260 I F i $ ( n ) < > " R N D i $ ( n ) (>"
" THEN I F NOT ( i $ ( n ) > = " 0 " RND i $
valid text i n ) < = " 9 " ) THEN L E T v a I i d = 0
3 2 7 0 NEXT n
3275 I F i $ = "
" ( TO L E N i $ ) THEN L
ET v a l i d = 0
3 2 3 0 I F v a l i d THEN I F RBS URL i $
> 3 2 7 6 7 THEN L E T v a l i d = 0
3 2 9 0 RETURN
3 3 0 0 REM » » b r e a k
3 3 0 5 REM T e s t i f u s e r i s p r e s s -
ing SPRCE:»
3 3 1 0 I F I N K E Y $ = " " THEN GO TO C B>
ode
3 3 2 0 RETURN
3 3 3 0 REM « 8 t e x t p r i n t
3 3 3 5 REM O u t p u t t e x t i n b'9 t o
printer and/or screen
3 3 4 0 BORDER » o d e * 2 + 2 : INK 0 : P R P
ER 7 w
3 3 5 0 I F w $ = " M THEN RETURN W

ZX COMPUTING JUNEj'JULY 1983 85

 SPECTRUM EDUCATION
3 3 6 0 I F X P O S O B THEN P R I N T TRB X
pos; - I F raodeol THEN L P R I N T T R B t S ? S ^ r 1 1
?" ^ T H E N GO T O 4 1 2 0
xp o 4 0 1 0 LET j tem tern + 1
4 0 2 0 L E T XX=URL. i $
3 3 7 0 " P R I N T U"jt; 4-030 I F X X < 0 T H E N L E T X X 3 X X + 6 5 S 3
3 3 8 0 I F w o d e o l THEN L P R I N T u» 3>j 6
3390 LET x p o s = 0 4 0 4 0 LET d » ( i t e t t , l ) =CHft$ INT ixx
3 4 0 0 RETURN
3 4 1 0 REM # t t i n p u t .'256)
34-28 INPUT L I N E i $ 4050 L E T d $ f i t e m , 2 ) =CHR $ INT (X>:
3 4 3 0 GO SUB i n c h e c k - C 2 5 6 * INT ( X X / f i 5 6 ) n
34-4-0 I F NOT v a l i d THEN GO TO 3 4 2 4-060 LET I i t m s c + 1
0 4 070 NEXT C
£080 LET w $ s f $ + " D a t a i n v a i i d . " + r
34-50 RETURN
3460 REH ttttcmode 4 0 9 0 GO SUB t e x t p r i n t
34-70 LET ii)$ = " l J h i C h mode ( 1 o r 2 ) 4 1 0 0 GO T O 3 8 7 0
n •• +
r $ 4 1 1 0 GO T O cmode
34-80 GO SUB t e x t p r i n t 4120 LET « $ = r $ t " F i r s t 2 0 items 0
34.-90 GO SUB i n p u t n i y a c cep t e d . " + r 4
3 5 0 0 I F URL i * < l OR URLi $ > 2 T H E 4 1 3 0 GO SUB t e x t p r i n t
N GO TO 3490
3 5 1 0 L E T ri>ode=URL i $ 4 1 4 0 GO TO cmode
3520 LET » $ = " C ? " 4 1 5 0 REM tt»beq
3 5 3 0 GO SUB t e x t p r i n t
354-0 I N P U T L I N E y $
3 5 5 0 LET w $ = y $ + r $
3 5 5 0 GO SUB t e x t p r i n t
3 5 7 0 I F y $ = " » " THEN GO TO3 7 1 0
3580 I F y$="ter T H E N GO T O 4 5 0 0
3 5 9 0 LET cn = 0
3 5 9 5 REH C h e c k i f v a l j d command
3 6 0 0 FOR C = 1 TO 2 0
3 6 1 0 I F c $ ( c ) = y $ THEN LET cn = c
3 6 2 0 NEXT c
3 6 3 0 L E T u'$=" "
3 6 4 © I F NOT cn THEN L E T w $ - " U h a
?" + r $
3 6 S 0 I F cn < >0 RND cn <>2 RND cn <>
3 RND c n < > 4- RND c n < > 1 3 RND cn <> •1
6 THEN L E T u $ = •• S t a t e m en t a s comm
and error."+r$
3660 I F = THEN GO TO3 6 9 0
3 6 7 0 GO SUB t e x t p r i n t
3 6 3 0 GO T O 3 5 2 0
3690 GO T O l ( c n ) REM E x e c u t e
cowmand
3 7 0 0 GO T O 3 5 2 0
3 7 1 0 I F l a s t I n < 1 0 1 THEN GO TO 3
S0
3 7 2 0 LET w$="No more p r o g r a m r o o 4 1 6 0 L E T dp = 1 : REM R e s e t data
rt/'+rj
3 7 3 0 GO SUB t e x t p r i n t - _ - ,_ _ pointer
3 7 4 0 GO T O 3 8 7 0 4170 LET aCC=0
3 7 4 5 REH P r o g r a m 4 1 7 5 REM C h e c k for hal instr.
e n t r y mode 4 1 8 0 FOR C = 1 T O 1 0 0
3 7 5 0 LET i i t = " ? " 4 1 9 0 I F p $ ( C , 2 ) = C H R J S THEN GO T
3 7 6 0 GO SUB t e x t p r i n t O 4240
3 7 7 0 I N P U T L I N E ,% 4 2 0 0 NEXT c
3780 LET w $ = J $ + r $ 4210 LET wt="No h a l i n s t r u c t i o n .
3 7 9 0 GO SUB t e x t p r i n t +r$
33£iC5 IF j $ (1) THEN GO T O 3 6 7 4 2 2 0 GO SUB t e x t p r i n t
0 4 2 3 0 GO TO cmode
3 3 1 0 GO SUB s y n c h e c k 4 2 4 0 L E T W* = " R e s u U 5 ;
3 8 2 0 I F bad THEN GO TO 3 7 5 0 t m m m " +r $
3 8 3 0 LET p $ ( l a s t I n ) 4-250 DO SUB t e x t p r i n t
3 8 4 0 I F t a b THEN L E T l $ ( t a b ) = C H n 4260 LET C l i n e = l
$ last in 4 2 7 0 L E T cn=CODE p $ ( c l i n e , 2 >
3 3 5 0 L E T L a s t L n = L as t I n + 1 4 2 8 0 I F cn = 5 9 THEN GO TO n e x t
3 8 6 0 GO TO 3 7 1 0 4 2 9 0 GO T O l ( c n ) : REN E x e c u t e
3 8 6 5 REM D a t a e n t r y mode
l i n e .
3 3 7 0 LET w$ = " D a t a ? ' * + r $ 4 3 0 0 I F c l i n e = l a s t l n - l THEN GO T
3 8 8 0 GO SUB t e x t p r i n t O 4340
3 8 9 0 INPUT L I N E t $ 4310 LET c l i n e = c l i n e + 1
3 9 0 0 LET w $ = t $ + r $
3 9 1 0 GO SUB t e x t p r i n t 4 3 2 0 GO SUB b r e a k ; REM T e s t f o r
3 9 2 0 LET i t e m =0 < SPRCE>
3 9 3 0 LET L i t m = 1 4330 GO TO 4 2 7 0
3 9 3 5 REH I s d a t a valid? 4340 LET w $ = r $ + " L a s t line reache
394-0 FOR C = 1 TO L E N t $ d or hal executed." +rt
3 9 5 0 I F t $ (C) THEN GO T O 4 1 i 4350 GO SUB t e x t p r i n t
0
4360 GO TO cmode
3960 IF t $ (c ) {)", THEN GO TO 4 F. 4370 REM tttt I a be I f n
70 4375 REM R t t e w p t to f i n d label
3970 LET 1 $ = l $ ( U tm TO C - L ) i n p rogram
3980 GO SUB i n c h e C k 4380 L E T b =CODE p $ $ (Cc L i n e . , 3 )
3990 I F NOT v a l i d THEN GO TO 4-06 4390
-390 IF I $ (b) < >CHR$ 0 THEN GO TO
0 4430

86 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

 SPECTRUM EDUCATION
44-00 L E T w $ = "Ca t i e d l a b e l does n I in
ot e x i s t . " + r $ Pri "En t e r a number
4410 GO SUB t e x t p r i n t k i n
4420 GO TO cmode l in
4430 L E T z=CODE l$tb) P r i "Your number/5
4440 RETURN di v 5
+450 RENtttmtttJtttttttttttttttrtttttfttfTtttf o u t
4460 BORDER 7 : INK 0 : PRPER 7: c l in
LS pri This number limes 3=
44-70 P R I N T f=»T 1 1 , 1 1 , INK 2.; " Z X - " r.i <J t
; INK 0 ; " C E S I L " ji INK JL ' 1 2 1 * 0 it t
4480 P R I N T RT 1 3 . 1 1 ; B R I G H T L ; "(V} v» i n I 3
J.Mi t i e r " P r i "and is positive"
4490 GO TO 10 j um L 99
4500 BORDER 7 : PRPER 7 : INK 0 : C 13 p r i • a n d is negative"
LS 199 t i n
4510 PRINT "CESIL terminated.,tha ; n u u< o u t p u t data string
n*. gou f o r * * ••
using this prograta 1 r»
out
4520 PRINT Y o u a r e now back o u t - 1
in S p e c t r u m F R S I C command mod J i n 199
£ . " hat
4530 PRINT ' ' ' " T o re-run program I - P . 3 . 4 . 5 . & . 7 . 6 . 9 . 10.. 1 1 1 2 1 3 14
, e n t e r " ; INK 2 ; "RUN 4 4 6 0 " , INK , 1 5 .. 1 6 .. 1 7 .. 18 . - 1 , . *
0; ' " o t h e r w i s e p r o c e e d as r e q u i r e
d! " List coaptete
4540 STOP : REM T h a t ' s all folks Uh i c h mode t i o r 2) ?
C7be g
R e ^ u u s
Z X ^ E S I ^ 100
- 4 0 0
200
This program allows the user to - 3 0 0
3 0 0
speak to the computer in CESIL.. -200
4.00
The v e r s i o n of CE5IL used is - 100
5 0 0
ZX-CESIL2.4 & is unique t o th< location a l - 0
E n t e r a number
Sinclair ZX S p e c t r u m w i t h ASK Y o u r nuitit-e r / 5 = 5
7"h i s n u m b e r t i m e s s = 4 0 a n d i s p
BR5IC i n ROM a n d 43K RRM. os i ti v e
l
P r e s s a n y key 2
The commands s u p p o r t e d a r e 3
be g ^ c h a d e I i. i s n t: w .. t e r ,. » i t.•» 4
program e n t r y . ' t e r ' r e t u r n s y o u 5
to BRSIC) 6->
r
The s t a t e m e n t s s u p p o r t e d a r e 3
a d d j d i V j h a l , i n / j i n ^ j i : , jum , k i n 9
l i n , l o a ,mu I , o u t , p r i , s t o , s u t. , ; 10
(comment m a r k e r ) 11
12
See text for explanation of 13
all t h e s e & r u l e s t o be o b e y e d . 14-
15
fill n u m b e r s a r e i n t e g e r s between 16
-327o? and + 3 2 7 6 7 ( i n c l u s i v e ) . 17
IB
Store l o c a t i o n s a r e a l to a A - 1
l a b e l s a r e 11 t o 1 9 9 . Last line reached or h a l
executed.
100 C E S I L lines may be stored.
Which mode ( 1 or 2) 7
Presi a n y key
The first two pages of introductory text providing a brief explanation A sample RUN of the program in operation.
of the various commands and statements supported by the program.
CESIL t e r r a i n a t e d , thank you f o r
C?l i S using this program.
l 1 add n ®o
out
L in
s t o a 99 You a r e now back in Spectrum
SUb 5 0 0
sto a l BRSIC command mode.
j iZ 12
ou t
i in To r e - r u n p r o g r am , en t e r RUN 44-60
i.oa a 9 9 otherwise p r o c e e d as r e q u i r e d !
Jum 11
12 loa a l When you wish to terminate operation of the program, you are
pr i location al - provided with the above page of text showing you how to get back
out into CESIL mode should you wish.

- 87 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1 9 8 3
 Din 4 1 6 1 2
[ standard connector
4 " of high
Perfect contacts for
quality ribbon cable |
64 gold plated
at no extra cojt

R G A N I C
reasonswhy y a T S - ^ ™
need a ZX81PERSONK' / BETTERb,DESIGN

PERSONk ZX
You simply choose the following modules
you want and plug them into the PERSONA
and turn your Z X 8 1 or Z X S P E C T R U M into
a total computing package ... into an
ORGANIC MICRO.

PERSONA Z X 8 1 €3035
PERSONA ZX SPECTRUM £45.00

YOUR KEY R A M 0 8 (2K)

R A M 16
R A M 64
£24.50
£26.75
£76.25
MINIMAP £35.95

TO THE
DROM (2KI £39.50
TOOLKIT £22.20
PERICON a £27.90
PERICON b £3375
PERICON c £41.75
SONUS £30 15

Options: U S E R F R O N T
Additional 2K for R A M 0 8
Additional 2K for D R O M

Prices include V A T , Postage and Packing foi

U.K. deliveries. Overseas Orders: please add
15% to price for surface mail.

OF Post to: BASICare M I C R O S Y S T E M LTO.

12 Rickett Street, London SW6 1 R U
Tel: 01 385 2 1 3 5

BASICARE
MICRO
SYSTEM

The '81
soft
selection
Nick Pearce levels his critical eye at
some of the latest software packages
for the ZX81.
Galaxians and
Cloops -
Quicksilva
Quicksilva have produced an ex-
cellent game of Galaxians for the
ZX81. The action is fast and
responsive and it is a pleasure to
play. Two types of Galaxian
move in formation across the
top of the screen, and swoop
down attacking your base. You
have three lives and the speed,
firing rate and the number of
swooping Galaxians are ad-
justable by the player. You get
more points for hitting Galaxians
as they swoop d o w n rather than
those in formation. Scoring is
displayed on the screen, and at
the end of each game your score
is entered onto a league table
which can cater for up to 15
games/players.
Quicksilv/A
^OH THE
* * - e i WITH IBK
89 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983
SOFTWARE REVIEWS
The first batch of swooping
Galaxians are particularly good
at searching out and destroying
y o u r base, and s o m e d e f t
manoeuvering is required to
avoid their attack. Thereafter
the battle is fierce but a high
score can be achieved by the ex -
perienced player. If it becomes
too easy, the level of difficulty
can easily be increased.
A f a s t - m o v i n g and im-
pressive machine code game.
Nicely boxed and with Gloops -
a maze game on the B side of
this cassette, it is reasonable
value for money.
Q u i c k s i l v a have recently
taken on the marketing of Pixel
games. The Pixel games have
been re-packaged by Quicksilva
and have been given attractive
covers featuring science fiction
artwork. Trader and Subspace
Striker are t w o such games.
RAM
Trader
Trader is a three-part space
adventure in which you travel
round a galaxy of six planets
trading w i t h the inhabitants.
The object of the game is to
make a fat profit on the way
whilst avoiding the many and
varied p i t f a l l s y o u w i l l en-
counter. The graphic displays
with this game are very good in-
deed. There is a short inter-
active-type game within each of
the three parts of this adven-
ture, and a few decisions have
to be made - the wares to buy
and at what price you sell them,
for example. But to a large ex-
tent this game moves along at a
relaxed pace t h r o u g h the
various screen displays with on-
ly a little input necessary from
the player.
One problem is that each of
the three parts of the adventure
have to be LOADed separately
- the variables are held in a
secure memory space to be car-
ried forward to the next part to
Subspace Striker
Subspace Striker is a more in-
teractive game, but a lot of time
is still spent watching the screen
displays too much maybe for
the trigger happy arcade game
e n t h u s i a s t i t c h i n g t o shoot
d o w n some federation ships
w i t h antimat torpedoes. The
graphics are certainly very good;
each of the four types of ship in
the federation fleet, and your
o w n ship Swordfish - is
displayed in great detail on the
screen at the appropriate time.
The interactive part of the game
involves targetting a federation
ship in your gun sights and then
blasting it from the sky, after
which you quickly dive back into
the safety of deep space to
await the next federation ship to
pass. You have ten antimat
make a continuous game. The
first time I played the complete
game took about one hour, but
altogether some 2 0 minutes
were spent waiting - impa-
tiently - for the next successive
part to LOAD. A game in a
number of parts to overcome
the limitations of even 1 6K of
RAM (which is soon filled by
adventures of this sort) is a good
idea, but is more suited to a com-
puter system w i t h fast access
disc storage. The slow ZX81
cassette based system makes
patience an essential prere-
quisite - perhaps one of the
' fastload ' programs on the
market could be used w i t h
Trader to good effect.
The cassette comes attrac-
tively packaged in a box with a
comprehensive booklet describ-
ing the background to the game
and including a Trader story. A
good idea, excellent screen
displays, and a game to sit back
and enjoy. Perhaps a little over-
priced at just under £ 10.
torpedoes in each game, and
there is an element of danger as
the federation fleet also has
weapons.
Not a g a m e t o get the
adrenalin really flowing too
much time is spent watching the
screen displays for that — but
nevertheless an absorbing game
which is good fun to play.
The second game on this
cassette is Zor, Battle of the
Robots. Graphics are a feature
of this Pixel game too. In this
one, you are on a remote and
barren planet and must uphold
Earth's honour and supremacy
in a battle with a Champion of
Zor. You start equally matched
w i t h your opponent w i t h 2 , 5 0 0
M J of energy, which can be us-
ed as a weapon or shield. From
then it's up to you to use your
energy in the best possible way
 SOFTWARE REVIEWS
to overcome your adversary - your recorder. I had no problem
and good luck. loading either game.
T h e e x t e n s i v e u s e of
graphics in each game on this Quicksilva is at Pa/merston Park
cassette means that both take House, 13 Palmerston Road
up nearly all 1 6K of memory, Southampton. The cassettes
and both take a long time to reviewed above are priced as
L O A D . The p r o g r a m s are follows:
preceded by a short loading test Galax fans + Gloops £4.95
which can be used to set op- Trader £9.95
timum volume/tone settings on Subspace Striker + Zor £3.95

SA SUBSPACE
c
09 STRIKER
?
\A

n
m
\A
H
5 your third life. Your score is disconcerting at first, but it
PH
displayed on the screen, and a makes the game more realistic
53 record of the highest score so far and it can soon be mastered
is kept. w i t h some practice. A bit more
Graphics are used to good ef- a c t i o n d u r i n g each mission

N
ZX81 1 6 K G A M E fect in this game, although I was would liven up this game, which
a little disappointed w i t h the ac- nevertheless is challenging and
^SSSSSSSXST
X tion; for a machine code game it entertaining to play.
00
PIXEL
seemed a little unresponsive.
Because you control your gun, Night Gunner costs £4.95 from
the enemy fighters appear to Digital Integration, 22 Ash
O c move in the opposite direction to Church Road, Ash, Aldershot,
X >
your commands. This is a little Hants.
;I'01J

z x complete Four The computer doesn't take

— Paul Gillett
After all those numbing space
battles, ZX Complete Four is
something very different — a
novel game of strategy to get
that grey matter working nor-
mally again. Indeed the title is an
apt description of the game. You
and the computer <or another
player) take turns in placing
'pieces' within a frame of seven
columns. The winner is the first
to complete a row of four pieces
in any direction.
long to respond to your move,
and a game can be completed
quite quickly. Unusually, forme,
I found I could actually win at
this one against the ZX81 at
least. Not much in the way of in-
structions, w h i c h are hardly
necessary anyway as you quick-
ly learn the rules whilst you play.
ZX Complete Four costs £3.95
and is available from Paul Gillett,
38 Cromwell Way, Kidlington,
Oxford.

5QRRV YOU
Night Gunner your gun using the cursor keys LOSE,LIKE
— Digital and when you have an enemy
RNOTHER
integration fighter in your sights, shoot it
down. Don't be too liberal with GRME? Y/N
In Night Gunner you are the rear your ammunition, but you have
gunner in the turret of a bomber a limited supply and when it is LRST
a i r c r a f t under a t t a c k f r o m gone you are a sitting target for
enemy fighters. The screen the enemy fighters. There are MOUE =;" 3 "

display shows the cross wires of
your gun sight and a view of the
fighters as they weave random-
ly across the sky. You control
IBDHBBB
four fighters to shoot d o w n on
each mission, and each mission
gets successively harder until
the game ends with the loss of s

90 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983


xstering machine
>de on your spectrum
part five
Machine code master,
Toni Baker, shows you
how to incorporate
machine code within
your BASIC programs
with an incredible
program to add visual
accompaniment to your
stereo.
I'd like to cheat a bit now, if) may,
by giving you a BASIC program.
(Shrieks of horror!) Well, it has
got some machine code in it, but
nothing new. This is a lesson in
how to incorporate machine code
into BASIC, for finding a use for
all these weird and wonderful
routines that keep cropping up.
Almost the hardest task you have
in programming is the hanging
around at bus stops and tedious
dinner parties waiting for that
most ellusive of qualities —
inspiration.
The machine code routine in
question was featured in part
three of this series of articles — it's
a routine to change the colours of
PAPER and INK throughout the
whole screen faster than you can
say The sixth sick sheik's sixth
sheep's sick' without falling over.
The 8ASIC that surrounds it is
new, however. This is a program
to impress your next door
neighbours and fanatics of laser
shows, or a new way of running a
disco. This is visual accompani-
ment to your stereo!
Sound s great!
It's not technically a sound-to-
light unit, for the program has no
way of knowing whether or not
your stereo is even switched on,
let alone what's playing on it.
What it is, however, is a very good
optical illusion of sound and vision
ZX COMPUTING JUNEAJULY 1 9 8 3
MACHINE CODE
being synchronised. What you do
is RUN the program and input
answers to the various questions
asked, put your favourite record
on, switch the lights off and close
the curtains, then just sit back
while your brain dances round in
circles.
The program is featured in Figs.
1 and 2. You should enter the
machine code first (using a BASIC
program to do so) and then delete
Fig 1. The program.
this BASIC program to input the
one given. Take a look at this now. 10
I'll n o w give you some 20
examples on how to RUN the 30
program. Type RUN. (Easy so far, 40
i s n ' t it?) For the q u e s t i o n 50
'NUMBER OF LINES', you should 60
input (say) 5. For 'INK', input 'INT 70
(4"RND) + 4', and for 'PAPER' 80
input '0'. Finally, for 'STARS?' 90
you should input 'Y'. This is just 95
an example — try it out for 100
yourself. 105
110
what's the plot? 120
130
The program has a couple of 140
extra features which you ought to 150
know about. RUN 200 enables 160
you to define the initial INK and 170
the initial PAPER colours. For 200
instance, RUN 200and then input 210
0/7/4/'7 - X'/'7 - Y'/'Y'/C/' 220
counts as ENTER). RUN 400 will 400
SAVE and VERIFY the program 410
and the machine code. 420
I w o n ' t turn the above pro- 430
gram into machine code just yet.
Patterns; part one — the BASIC.
INPUT "NUMBER OF LINES":N
DIM X(N + 1):DIM Y(N + 1)
INPUT " INK ";X$ (use the keyword INK here).
INPUT " PAPER ";Y$ (use the keyword PAPER here).
INPUT "STARS? ";A$: LET S = A$ = " N " OR A$ = " n "
CLS: LET P = 1
LET P1 = P + 1: IF PI > N + 1 THEN LET P1 = 1
LET P2=P1 + 1 : I F P 2 > N + 1 THEN LET P2= 1
PLOT X(P1I,Y(P1)
DRAW X(P2) - X(P1),Y(P2) - Y(P1)
PLOT OVER S;X(P1),Y(P1)
DRAW OVER 1;X(P2) - X(P1),Y(P2) Y(P1)
LET X(P1) = INT (256"RND)
LET Y(P1) = INT (176*RND)
PLOT X(P),Y(P)
DRAW X(P1) - X(P),Y(P1) - Y(P)
LET X = VAL X$: LET Y = VAL Y$
POKE 32769,X: POKE 32770.Y: LET P = P1 + USR 32768
GO TO 70
INPUT "INITIAL INK ";X
INPUT "INITIAL PAPER ";Y
GO TO 10
SAVE "PATTERNS" LINE 430
SAVE " PATTERNS" CODE 32768,34
VERIFY " " : VERIFY " " CODE: STOP
LOAD " " CODE: STOP
91
Before I do, I'll give you some in- as the new result. This is not quite
formation on PLOT and DRAW. RND, but it does give fairly
CALL PLOT BC (Hex random results.

Fig. 2. The program. Patterns; part two - the machine code

010000 PATTERNS LD BC,???? (To be

78 LD A,B
76 HALT
D3FE OUT(FEI,A
78 LD A,B
87 ADD A, A
87 ADD A, A turn the program Patterns en- the instruction CALL RAND A is
87 ADD A, A tirely into machine code. Well used — this is a reference to the
81 ADD A,C not quite entirely as we still can't subroutine in Fig. 4.
218D5C LD HL.ATTR P do VAL. Let's ignore that part You can use any addresses you
77 for the time being and leave VAL
LD (HL),A like for this program. I chose to
in BASIC. I'd like you now to
210058 LD HL.ATTRS use the following:
study Figs. 5 and 6, which list
110158 LD DE.ATTRS + 1 the revised program, now called
01FF02 LD BC.02FF Patterns 2. If you now compare Label Hex Dec
77 LDIHLI.A it w i t h Figs. 1 and 2, see RAND A 7000 28672
EDBO LDIR if you can work out how the MULT 7021 28705
C9 RET translation is achieved. Note that FIND A 7030 28729
PI DR 703B 28731
IN IT 7078 28792
CDE522I requires B to hold the Y Fig. 3. The machine code random number subroutine. MAIN 7098 28824
co-ordinate, and C to hold the X P VAL 7105 28933
D5 RAND PUSH DE
co-ordinate. This will PLOT the P OVER 7106 28934
2A765C LD HL,(SEED)
required p o i n t . Bit zero of P DRAW 7107 28935
54 LD D,H
P FLAG (5C911 must be zero for LINES 7108 28936
5D LD E,L
OVER 0 or one for OVER 1. INK 7109 28937
29 ADD HL.HL
CALL DRAW 3 (Hex PAPER 710A 28938
29 ADD HL.HL
CDBA24) requires B to hold the STARS 710B 28939
19 ADD HL,DE
absolute value of the Y parameter, ARRAY 710C 28940
29 ADD HL,HL
and C the absolute value of the X
29 ADD HL,HL
parameter. If Y is greater than or It is essential, however, that
29 ADD HL,HL
equal to zero then D should hold P _OVER and P _ D R A W be
19 ADD HL,DE
01 Hex, otherwise D should hold adjacent, and also that ARRAY
22765C LD(SEED),HL
FF Hex. If X is greater than or points to the start of a segment of
D1 POP DE
equal to zero then E should hold 01 spare RAM.
C9 RET
Hex, otherwise E should hold FF
Hex. The sequence of instructions
LD H L, 2758/ EXX must be carried Figure Four, on the other hand, Fig 4 The !NT(A 'RND) routine.
out between CAL D R A W _ 3 and is another kettle of fish altogether.
RET (to BASIC) otherwise the This is a subroutine I've called C5 RAND A PUSH BC
Spectrum will crash. RAND A in order to distinguish D5 PUSH DE
it from the subroutine in Fig. 3. It E5 PUSH HL
Transformation requires that A contains a number F5 PUSH AF
time between 00 and A-1. Of particular
note is the subroutine MULT
3E4B LD A,4B
ED5B765C LD DE, (SEED)
W e s t i l l c a n ' t r e w r i t e the which is called from within CD???? CALL MULT
program into machine code yet, RND A; this is a subroutine A7 AND A
since we don't have a routine for which will multiply the number 4F LD C,A
INT (X"RND>. It is possible to held in the A register by the ED42 SBC, HL,BC
write a simple random number number held in the DE register 3801 JR C,AA
subroutine which creates random pair. The result will be formed in 2B DEC HL
numbers between 0000 and FFFF the AHL register triplet (the result 22765C AA LD ISEED),HL
Hex in the HL register pair, so take will always fit in three bytes). 54 LDD.H
a look at Fig. 3 which illustrates RAND A works just like the 5D LD E,L
such a subroutine. It works using ROM's RND routine — it takes a F1 POP AF
the random number seed already value, SEED, which is multiplied CD???? CALL MULT
used by the ROM, but does not by 4B, and then the remainder is El POP HL
actually call the ROM's RND found from a division by Hex D1 POP DE
routine (since this is highly 10001, less one. Can you see how C1 POP 8C
impractical). The subroutine the program calculates this C9 RET
does, however, work in more or remainder? To find the random 0608 MULT LD B.08
less the same way as RND — it number required, this new seed is 210000 LD HL,0000
takes the value of the system multiplied by A and the high part 29 LOOP ADD HL.HL
variable SEED, and multiplies it by only b e c o m e s the r a n d o m 17 RLA
s o m e c o n s t a n t . Only t h e number. 3003 JR NC.BB
remainder modulo 65536d is taken Now we are almost ready to 19 ADD HL,DE
)83
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983 92
 MACHINE CODE
CEOO ADC A,00 C9 RET
10F7 BB DJNZLOOP 210040 INIT LD HL,D FILE
C9 RET 110140 LD DE,D_FILE + 1
01FF17 LD BC.17FF
Fig. 5. The program. Patterns 2; the BASIC.
3600 LD IHLI,00
EDBO LDIR
10 INPUT "NUMBER OF LINES ";N ED4B???? LD BC,(LINES-1)
20 POKE lines,N. LET N - USR inil 04 INC B
30 INPUT" INK ";X$ 21???? LD HL,ARRAY
40 INPUT " PAPER ";Y$ AF XOR A
50 INPUT "STARS? ":A$: POKE stars, A $ = "N" OR 77 IN2 LD (HL),A
A$ = " n " 23 INC HL
60 POKE ink, VAL X$: POKE paper, VAL Y$ 77 LD (HL),A
70 LET N = USR main 23 INC HL
80 GO TO 60 10FA DJNZIN2
200 INPUT "INITIAL INK ";X 32???? LD (P VAL),A
210 INPUT "INITIAL PAPER ":Y C9 RET
220 GOTO 10 ED4B???? MAIN LD, BC, (P VAL)
400 SAVE "P2" LINE 450 3A???? LD, A, (LINES)
410 SAVE " P2" CODE rand-a, 263 51 LD D,C
420 VERIFY " " 14 INC D
430 VERIFY"" CODE BA CP D
440 STOP 3002 JR NC.M2
450 LOAD " " CODE 1600 LD D.00
5A M2 LD E,D
1C INC E
BB CPE
D5 FIND A PUSH DE
3002 JR NC,M3
11???? LD DE,ARRAY
1E00 LD E,00
6F LD L,A
210000 M3 LD HL.0000
2600 LD H,00
22???? LD (P OVER),HL
29 ADD HL,HL
CD???? CALL PI DR
19 ADD HL,DE
3A???? LD A,(STARS)
D1 POP DE
32???? LD (P OVER),A
C9 RET
3E01 LD A,01
C5 PI DR PUSH BC
32???? LD (P DRAW), A
D5 PUSH DE
7A CD???? CALL PI DR
LD A,D
D5 7A LD A,D
PUSH DE
CD???? CALL FIND A
CD???? CALL FIND A
3EFF LD A,FF
4E LD C.IHL)
CD???? CALL RAND A
23 INC HL
77 LD (HL),A
46 LD B,IHL)
23 INC HL
C5 PUSH BC
3EBO LD A, BO
3A???? LD A,(P OVER)
CD???? CALL RAND A
32915C LD (P FLAG),A LD (HL),A
77
CDE522 CALL PLOT BC LD E,D
5A
CI POP BC LD D,C
51
D1 POP DE LD HL,0000
210000
78 LD A,E
22???? LD (P OVER), HL
CD???? CALL FIND A
CD???? CALL PI DR
7E LD A,(HL)
7B LD A,E
23 INC HL
32???? LD (P_VAL),A
1E01 LD E,01
76 HALT
91 SUB C
3A???? LD A,(PAPER)
3004 JR NC,PD2
D3FE OUT (FE),A
ED44 NEG
87 ADD A, A
1EFF LDE.FF s
87 ADD A, A
4F PD2 LD C,A
87 ADD A, A
7E LD A,(HL)
2A???? LD HL,(INK)
1601 LD D.01 OR L
B5
90 SUB B
328F5C LD (ATTR T),A
3004 JR NC,PD3
210058 LD HL,ATTRS
ED44 NEG
110158 LD DE,ATTRS + 1
16FF LDD.FF
01FF02 LD BC.02FF
47 PD3 LD B,A
77 LD (HL),A
3A???? LD A,(P DRAW)
EDBO LDIR
32915C LD (P FLAG),A
215827 LD HL.2758
CD8A24 CALL DRAW 3
D9 EXX
D1 POP DE
POP BC C9 RET
C1
)83

ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1 9 8 3 93
 ZX81 CAME

Greyhound racing
All the thrills of the races in this program
from fourteen year old William
Smith of Stourport.
This program, written for the
1 6K Z X 8 1 , simulates a number
of races between four grey-
hounds. You start the game
w i t h £ 2 5 0 and you may bet on
any one of the four dogs.
When you first RUN the pro-
gram, you are welcomed t o the
races and told how much money
you have t o bet with. You are
then invited to place a bet on one
of the dogs.
in the doghouse
Once your bet has been placed.
you w a t c h the greyhounds, por-
trayed as fast moving graphics,
race towards the finish line. You
are then told which dog w o n and
how much, if anything, you w o n
from your wager.
The program then moves on
to the next race and once more,
you are invited to place another
bet. Should you wish to alter the
odds, which are initially set at
5-1, you should look closely at
line 7 0 0 .
The game ends when y o u
eventually run out of money to
make another bet.

GREYHOUND R A C E S 4.60 LET H=H+(INT ( R N O * 2 > ->1>

1 LET Z = 2 5 0 490 GOTO 300
10 LETT R =2 500 PRUSE 120
505 P R I N T "DOG 1 F I N I S H E D FIR'5
20 L E T B = 7
3 0 L E T C = 12 505 PRUSE 120
<10 L E T £> = 1 7 507 CLS
50 LET E = 1 510 I F M = 1 THEN GOTO 7 0 0
60 LET F = 1 520 P R I N T " BRD LUG?.
70 LET G = 1 525 PRUSE 1 0 0
B0 LET H = 1 530 CL S
100 L E T n $ = " 5 34 I F Z = 0 THEN P R I N T "VOL*
110 L E T B«t = " 5RNKPUPT"
3 0 9 PR I N T ** WELCOME T U I H t GRExr
536 I F Z - 0 T H E N STOP
OUND RRCE5" 54.0 GOTO 2
PRINT : z ; " POUh 5 S 0 I F M=2 T H E N GOTO 700
210 'YOU HRUE 555 PRINT "BRD L U C K . "
S TO SPEND.
PRUSE 2 5 0 560 PRINT " D O G 2 WON "
220 5 6 3 PRUSE 1 0 0
230 CLS 5 6 5 CLS
24-0 PRINT ENTER BET" 1 ~ " , Z 5 7 0 I F Z = 0 T H E N PRINT VOU ^ R S
250 INPUT X BRNKRUPT"
255 I F X > Z THEN GOTO 575 I F Z=0 T H E N STOP
260 LET Z = Z - X 530 PRUSE 1 2 0
270 P R I N T RT 0 , 0 ; " YOUR 5 9 0 GOTO a
ET = " : X 5 0 0 P R I N T " D O G 3 UON"
230 PRINT RT 10,10; WHICH DOG 6 0 2 PRUSE 1 1 0
605 CLS
INPUT M 610 I F THEN P R I N T VOL* R i r e
£ 9 1 FOR N = 1 T O 2 1 RNKUPT"
292 P R I N T RT N , 3 1 ; " B " 6 1 5 I F Z = 0 THEN STOP
293 NEXT N 6 2 0 PRUSE 1 2 0
300 P R I N T RT R,E;R$;RT 630 CLS
310 PRINT RT B,F;R$;RT D V i . F ^ 6 3 5 I F M=3 T H E N GOTO 7 0 0
320 PRINT RT c , G ; R * ; R T 64-0 GOTO 2
330 PRINT RT D,H;R$;R7 D+ 6 5 0 PRUSE 1 0 0
360 PRINT RT 10,10;" 660 CLS
6 7 0 P R I N T "DOG 4 UON"
410 I F E > = 2 5 THEN GOTO 6 8 0 I F M =4 THEN GOTO 7 0 0
^20 I F F > = 2 5 THEN GOTO 5 5 0 7 0 0 P R I N T RT 1 0 , 0 ; " Y O U R DOG UON
4-30 I F G > = 2 5 T H E N GOTO " ; R T 1 1 , 0 ; " Y O U UON " ; 5 * X
4-4-0 I F H > = 2 5 THEM GOTO 7 1 0 LETT Z = Z + 5 * X
450 LET E=E+(INT fRND*2> 7 2 0 PRUSE 1 0 0
460 LET F=F+(INT VRND32* 74.0 C L S
4-70 LET G=G+ ( I N T IIRNO»2i 7 5 0 GOTO 2
)83
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983 94
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1
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1 9 8 3 95

Every
pitcher
tells q story
A bat 'n' ball game with
an American flavour
from Peter Shaw.
Here's a chance for you to play
the American game of Baseball
on your 4 8 K Spectrum.
You have a team and the
computer has a team, and
together you must battle your
way through the innings until
one team comes out on top.
When it is your time to play,
one of your team will come up
to bat and you will be offered
the options of playing safe and
hitting d o w n (by pressing the
96
SPECTRUM CAME
how well the batsperson did. It
could be a home run, or else
just a small hit which would
As soon as your team have
all been struck out, then the
computer's team take to the
place the batter on one of the field and your team have to
bases. Of course, if the player pitch. Once both teams are out,
was caught out, the next the score is displayed and you
batsperson comes up for a either begin another game or
pitch. start the second innings.
30 PRINT PT I E , 1 0 , "PLEASE MA j
4-0 GO SUB 1 5 0 0 : REM U D G ' S
50 GO SUB 14-30: REH v a r i a b l e s
50 CLS
70
50
90
FOR 1 = 1 TO 9
PRINT "Your innings"
FOR a =1 TO 9 : L E T w ( a ) = l
EXT
10©
a : .ET p I a =3
FOR m = 1 TO 9
N
0 I F w (m ) = 1 THEN GO SUB 4-50
1 2 0 I F w ( m ;> = . 0 THEN L E T p I a =p t a +
I F p I a =3 HEN GO TO 1 5 0
130 NEXT m
14-0 GO TO 100
150 P R I N T You r l e a n a r e o u t . ' "
PRINT R t the end o f innins
I
J. "70 PRINT your team has scores
" ; h s c
PRINT "The computer now p l a
LET c c ~0
I N P U T " P r e s s ENTER t o c o n t i
'; L I N E a $
CLS
FOR m = 1 TO 9
GO SUB S 3 0
I F CO = 3 THEN GO TO 2 5 0
NEXT m
PRINT "The computer t e a m i s
I N P U T " P r e s s EN"
ENTER t o c o n t
nu e " ; L I N E a $ : C L S
-'SO NEXT I
2 9 0 I F " e s o h s c THEN GO TO 3 3 0
3 0 0 I F CSC =h s C THEN GO TO 3 5 0
310 PRINT "Your teas wins " ; h s c
; " runs to " ; c s c
3 2 0 I N P U T " P r e s s ENTER t o p l a y
again L I N E a $ : GO TO 5 0
330 PRINT "The computer wins
csc; " to " ; h s c
34.0 GO TO 3 2 0
3 5 0 P R I N T " I t ' s a D r a w , we must
have a second innings!"
3 5 0 FOR a = 1 TO 9 : LET u> (a.1=1: N
EXT a ; L E T p l a = 0
3 7 0 FOR m = 1 TO 9
3 3 0 I F u< ( m) = 1 THEN GO SUB 4-50
3 9 0 I F « fm) «s0 " H E N L E T p I a = P I a *
1: I F p l a = 3 THEN GO TO 2 5 0
4 0 0 NEXT s>
4-lD FOR m = 1 TO 9
4-20 GO SUE 5 3 0
4 3 0 NEXT m
4 4 0 CO T O 2 9 0
450 LET S t r =1
4S0 P R I N T "
'd' key) or trying for a home run
(by pressing the ' h ' keyl. Once i.70 PRINT P*im) comes into ba
you have made your choice, the
screen switches to some great 4S0 LET f a I N T (RND*10>+1
user d e f i n e d g r a p h i c s il- 4 9 0 P R I N T " U i U. " ; f $ ( m > : " h i t V
lustrating your batsperson and
p , and t r y f o r a home r u n , or
** i I I he h i t down a n d p i a y s a f e
the pitcher. You'll see the ball 7 (d o r u ) "
fly towards the batsperson and 500 INPUT L I N E h $
how well your player coped 5 1 0 CLS
w i t h the pitch. 520 LET C h - < ( - f ) + 1 0 ) * 1 0
5 3 0 L E T a n = 0 : LET an=e.- I F h$ = '
Once the pitch has been U 1 OR h $ = " U " THEN L E T a n = 5 0
made, the screen reverts back ?r-40 L E ; ce = f Ch f a n ) s 1 0 0 ; LET" r n =
to text and y o u find out just INT (RND*25>
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983
 SPECTRUM CAME
550 I F r n < c e T H E N GO T O 8 1 d
5S0 IF s i r = 3 R N D R N D > . 9 T H E N GO RT 11,20;"CD"
SUB 1 2 O 0 : L E T w i i i ) = 0 : RETURN 1 0 1 0 PRUSE 10
570 IF RND>.9 T H E N GO S U B 1 2 O 0 1 0 2 0 P R I N T RT 1 0 / 4 ; INK 6 ; " K L " ; R
LET s t r = s t r + l ; INPUT " P r e s s ENT T 11,4;"HJ
E=: f o r n e x t s t r i n e "; LINE a$: & 1030 LET d i = . l : LET f f = . 2
<J T O 5 4 - 0 1 0 4 0 FOR 3=45 T O 1 6 5 S T E P 2
>0 PLOT OUER 1 ; INK 8 ; a , 9 5 + d i
5 5 0 GO S U B 9 9 0 : I N P U T "Pres^ E*
TER tc continue "; LINE a$ CLS 1 0 8 0 P L O T OUER 1 ; I N K 8 , 3 , 9 S + d i
3070 LET d i = d i + f f
590 I F f >5 RND h * = " U " THEN PRIn 1060 I F a>100 THEN L E T f f =f f
The b a l l i s in the o u t f i e l d ; " 1090 NEXT a
_600 I F f ; 6 RND h $ = " d " THEN PRIK 1100 PRINT RT 10,20; INK 5;"RB"
' "The ball i s in the i n f i e l d " 1 1 1 0 I F h $ = " d " T H E N GO TO 1 3 5 0
610 PRINT "Your score so f a r i ^ 1120 LET s = 9 5
";hsc: PRINT p l a ; " p l a y e r " ; <"s 1 1 3 0 FOR a = 1 6 5 T O 0 S T E P - 5
PND p l a o D i (" is RND p I a = 1140 PLOT INK 6 ; a , s
; " o u t s o f a r " 1 1 5 0 PRUSE 2
6 L E T rn =INT CRND*INT I t f - H ) 1 1 6 0 PLOT OUER l ; I N K B ; a , s
*1 , 5 ) +1: I F r n > 4 THEN L E T r n = 4 1170 LET s = s + l
>30 'F r n = 4 T H E N GO T O 6 5 0
8 4 0 PR TNT p $ ( m > ; " steals 1 1 8 0 NEXT a
; rn; 1 1 9 0 RETURN
RND r n = I ) ; { " n d " RND r n =2.i ; 1 2 0 0 P R I N T RT 1 0 , 4 ; INK 6,"GI";R
"f d" j T 11,4;"CD"
650 L c T t i ip ) = m 1 2 1 0 P R I N T RT 1 0 , 2 0 ; INK 5;"EF";
660 IF r n =4- T H E N G O T O 7 6 0 RT 11,20;"CD"
R70 LET bd=P 1 2 2 0 PRUSE 1 0
5 8 0 F O R <3=1 T O ll» - 1 1 2 3 0 P R I N T RT 1 0 , 4 , INK 6 , " K L " ; R
590 IF t f a ) <>4- T H E N L E T b a = b a + * T 11,4;"HJ"
J R b3 > 2 T H E N GO T O 7 5 0
1240 LET d i - . l : LET f f = . 2
700 Ir R N D J » 5 R N D t ( a ) < >4. T H E N 1 2 5 0 FOR a = 4 5 TO 1 9 0 S T E P 2
GO T O 7 3 0 1 2 6 0 P L O T OUER 1 ; INK 8 , a , 9 5 + d i
710 NEXT a 1 2 7 0 PRUSE 1
720 RETURN 1 2 6 0 PLOT OUER 1 ; I N K 8 ; a , 9 5 + d i
7 3 0 I F R N D > . 3 T H E N GO T O 7 5 0 1 2 9 0 L E T d i =d i + f f
""4 0 R E T U R N : P R I N T P $ fa « ' ; " i ^ 1300 I F a > 1 0 0 THEN LET f f = f f - . 0 3
>jr, o u t , " : L E T w fa.) = 0 ; RETURN 1 3 1 0 NEXT a
750 P R I N T P $ • a ) ; " aets home": L 1 3 2 0 P R I N T RT 0 , 0 , " S t r i A e " , s t r
5T h s c = h s c + l : L E T T 3 > = 4- RETURN 1 3 3 0 I F s t r = 3 THEN PRINT " Y o u r o
Ut ! " : L E T C O - c o + 1
'60 PRINT p$<».);" gets a ho»e f 1 3 4 0 RETURN
LET h3 C=hsc +1 1350 LET f f = . 3
7 7 0 F O R c = 1 T O (a 1 3 6 0 FOR a = 1 6 5 T O 3 0 S T E P - 3
""Si? I F R N D > . 7 R N._D t ( C ) , - > 4 RND r 1 3 7 0 PLOT I N K e , a , 9 5 - f f
Ox->4 THEM P R I N T p $ ( c > ; " i s r u n c 1 3 8 0 PLOT OUER 1 ; I N K 8 ; a , 9 S - f f
UT"• LET T ( C ) = 4 : LET W ( C ) = 0 : GO 1390 LET f f = f f + . 5
TO 6O0 1 4 0 0 I F f f > 5 T H E N L E T f f =-f f
7 9 0 I F t i c . ) <>4- T H E N L E T t ( C > = 4 - : 1 4 1 0 NEXT 3
PRINT P$ ( c ) ; " a l s o gets home ": 1 4 2 0 RETURN
L E T h s c =r> s c + 1 1 4 3 0 BORDER 1 : PRPER 1 : INK 7 : C
800 NEXT c: RETURN LS
8 1 0 PRINT P $ r » . ) ; " i s caught"; L 1 4 4 0 D I H to ( 9 ) : D I M P * l 9 , 8 ) ; D I M
EI V (SC.) = 0 : L E T t tae) = 4 c (9) : D I M t (9)
820 RETURN 1450 L E T h s c= 0 : LET CSC=0
83© C L S : L E T s t r = l 1 4 6 0 RESTORE 1 4 3 0 : FOR a = l T O 9 :
84-0 L E T a = I N T (RND*2) RERD p $ ( a ) : NEXT a
850 I F a = 1 THEN L E T h $ = " d " 1470 LET co=0
880 I F 3 = 0 THEN L E T h $ = " u " 1480 DRTR " J e n K i n s " , " H a r w o o d '* , "Z
870 L E T f =I N T ( RNC> * 1 0 ) * 1 e be r " , " H o I t o p " , " G r e g e I i s " , " T o d d "
860 I F s t r =3 THEN RETURN E r u d a " , " P u I s m a n " , "Fogan"
890 I F R N D > . 9 T H E N GO S U B 1 2 0 0 14 9 0 RETURN
LET s t r s s t r + 3 ' INPUT " P r e s s ENT 1503 RESTORE 1500: FOR a =USR
for next p i X -h " LINE a $ . GO T:
TO 8 9 8 1510 RERD user: POKE a, user
300 P R I N T RT 0 , 0 ; " 1520 NEXT a:^RETURN
1530 DRTR 7 , 7 , 7 , •,7,3,3
910 PRINT RT 1,0,"The computer 1540 DRTR 0,0,0,224,152,134,126,
has ; cs c ; " runs"
920 PRINT RT 2,0;"YOU P i t c h , 1550 DRTfi 7,15,31,25,25,17,32,96
1560 DRTR 128,128,128,128,192,24
930 GO S U E 9 9 0 8 , 1 2 , 4
940 PRINT RT 2 , 1 0 ; " a n d they h i t 1 5 7 0 DRTR 3,3,3,3,7,31,97,1
1 5 8 0 DRTR 0,0,192,192,192,192,19
950 I F R N D > . 9 THEN P R I N T "Theu 2, 192
s c o r e a horoe run J " : LET c s c = c ^ r 1 5 9 0 DRTR 12,12,15,7,IS,31,63,31
+ 1: GO T O 9 7 0 1 6 0 0 DRTR 7,IS,14,60,48,48,96,19
35C I F RND > . 4 R N D a $ < > " d " THEN
&RINT "Your team catches t h e be I 1610 DRTR 0,0,0, 192,224,240,240 ,
' LE"^ CO = C O + l : GO T O 9 7 0 224
370 INPUT "Press ENTER for nex\ 1620 DRTR 224 , 2 2 4 , 1 1 2 , 4 8 , 5 6 , 2 4 , 1
Pitch LINE a$ 2 , 15
9 8 0 F.ETURN 1 6 3 0 DRTR 7,7,7,7,15,15,31,31
390 P R I N T RT 1 0 , 4 , INK 6 ; " G I " ; R 164-0 DRTR 0 , 0 , 2 8 , 2 5 2 , 2 2 4 , 1 2 8 , 1 2 8
A — t **• i LL' , 126
130O P R I N T RT 1 0 , 2 0 ; INK 5 , " E F " ; 1 6 5 0 RETURN
)83 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1 9 8 3 97
 -

SPECTRUM UTILITY

Spectrum plotter down, up and right respectively.

If you would like to ink in a
particular square, simply press
Caps Shift and t h e ' 5 ' , ' 6 ' , ' 7 ' o r
' 8 ' key.

Save time and graph paper

Once y o u have defined the
graphic you wish to use in a pro-
gram (such as that shown in Fig.

with this splendid program 1), you simply press the 'G' key
t o provide t h e n o r m a l size
graphic. If this process takes a

written by David Elphick of couple of seconds, don't panic!

If you're not happy w i t h the
shape of the graphic, you can

Bristol. change it by pressing the 'C' key

and making the necessary alter-
ations. Pressing the L' key pro-
vides a list of the decimal codes
This program has been written for each of the eight graphics
The gfaphic is first plotted moved around the grid using the characters. This last key press
for Spectrum owners w h o fre- eight times the normal size on a
direction keys on the Spectrum will provide you w i t h an output
quently make use of user defin- grid 16 squares high by 3 2
- the ' 5 ' , ' 6 ' , ' 7 ' and '8" keys, something like that shown in
ed graphics within their listings. squares wide. A cursor is which will move th'e cursor left. Fig. 2.

10 REM U s e r d e f i n e d g r a p h i c s p 375 FOR n = 1 TO 16

lotter 330 P R I N T RT n - 1 , 2 + 3 * m ; b ( n + 1 6 * E
£ 0 REM By D a v i d E I p S i c K
22 aIIS,32): DIM bi64.) 3 3 5 NEXT n
SQ L E T x = t?.- L E T 4 =0
6 0 P R I N T RT 2 3 , 3 ) " 3 9 0 NEXT ,"!>
Fo r n o r m a l s 4-00 GO SUB 5 0 0
ize graphic., press G " 4-10 P R I N T RT 2 1 . 0 ; " T o r e - r u n , p r
x s s R"
30 PRINT RT y ,xj " * " : PLOT 0 . 1 1 4-20 I F INKEY $ = " r " THEN RUN
1 ; DRRU 2 5 5 , 0 : P L O T 64-, 1 7 5 : DRRLi 4-30 GO TO 4-20
0,-126: PLOT 1 2 8 , 1 7 5 : DRAW 0 , -
26: PLOT 1 9 2 , 1 7 5 : DRRU 0 , - 1 2 * - - "User oraphi:
R I N T RT M . x
1 0 0 L E T k =C-CDS INKEY $
1 1 0 I P k = 0 THEN GO TO 3 0 ^ f f i R E T U R N ^ C = U S E r

1 2 0 I F X >7 RND k <12 THEN P R I N T

RT y , x ; " B " : L E T e t y + l , x + l ) = l
13© I F INKEn'3 = "3 " THEN GO TO 2 0
0
135 LET x - X + i X = 9 . i - ( X = S )
14-0LET y=y + fX =121) - i K = 1 1 )
14-5LET X =.X + f X = 5 6 ) - ( X = 5 3 )
150 L E T y = y + i X =54.) - ( k = 5 5 )
16© I F X = — 1 THEN L E T X =0
161 I F x = 3 2 THEN L E T X = 3 1
162 I F y = - 1 THEN L E T y =0
1 6 3 I F y = 1 6 THEN L E T y =15
170 LET a(y+l,X+I)s0
1 8 0 GO TO 8 0
200 FOR » = 0 TO 3
2 1 0 FOR n = 1 TO 16 Fig. J, An example of the kind of user defined graphic that can be obtained
220 L E T c =16*k> * n with this program.
24-0 LET d =3*ro
2 5 0 LET b ( c ) = a ( n , 1 + d ) * l 2 8 + 3 (n .
•>d ) *64.+a (n , 3 d ) * 3 2 + a ( n , 4 - + d ) + Fo r norjr.a i. S i z e g r a p h i c , p r e s s r?
t n , 5 + d ) * e + a ( n , 6 + d ) * 4 - + a <n , 7 * d ) * 2 • r. : 2 5 5 E : 255 G £55
3 (n , 8 + d ) 123 64- 0 1 J|
2 6 0 POKE USR R " + C - 1 , b ( c) 191 93
2 3 0 NEXT n IS 1 35 2G 21
NEXT ra 161 35 -i cr 24-5
3 3 0 GO SUB 5 0 0 161 34- 3C 5
3 1 0 P R I N T RT 2 0 , 0 ; " C h a n g e p a 11 175 Q4- 37 24.5
r n ? P r ess c. List codes? 163 —i
U f 212 21
Run a g a i n ? - R B:163 D : 80 H: 24-5
3 2 0 I F INK EY $ = " C ' THEN GO TO 6 A TC
J. ( o 215 24-5 1
; 3 2 5 I F INKEY S = " L ' THEN GO TO 3 160 20 cr
Sr 125
175 24-5 253 69
3 3 0 I F INKEY $ = " r ' THEN RUN ISO 5 1 69
34-0 GO TO 3 2 0 191 189 127 125
35© CLS 123 0 C 1
3 5 0 P R I N T RT 0 . 0 ; "R : " ; RT S . 0 ; "1 £55 255 239 255
'•; RT 0 , 3 ; " C : " ; RT'3 , 3 ; "D : RT' 0
16; " E : RT 3 , 1 6 ; F :
" ; RT 3 , 24.; " H : "
RT 0 . 2 4 - ; " G ' iJ&er graphics H C E G =
B D F H I
3 7 0 FOR in = 0 TO 3
Fig. 2. The list of decimal codes for the graphic defined in Fig. 1.

98
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983
 Hewson Consultants
We proudly announce our 1983 range of
SPECTRUM SOFTWARE
40 BEST MACHINE CODE ROUTINES
FOR THE ZX SPECTRUM £5.95
By Andrew Hewson and John Hard man
Section A : Three chapters explaining what y o u
need to know about Z80 machine code on the
Spectrum.
• H o w to load and save machine code.
• H o w to use the system variables
• How p r o g r a m lines are stored.
• How to use the stack, the display, the
attribute files.
Section 6 : 4 0 routines including,
• Scroll - up, d o w n , side to side by pixel or by
character.
Search a n d replace, token swap, string
search.
Rotatecharacter, invert character -
horizontally and vertically
Line r e n u m b e r - i n c l u d m g GOSUBs,
GOTOs. RUN etc.
BACKGAMMON ick
£5.95
8 Levels of play f r o m novice to expert.
Full colour display of tables a n d dice.
Gamble on a single game or a series,
double or quits. All the features of
the ancient game.
COUNTRIES
OFTHE WORLD
£5.95
1 6 a n d 4 8 K o n one cassette
Countries of the W o r l d is an
educational package designed to give
an appreciation of the location of all the
main countries and s o m e i n f o r m a t i o n
about them.
PLUS : Two complete world map 16K version displays a w o r l d map,
screen displays 'or y o u to include in s h o w s the position of each country and
your own programs. names its capital.
48K version; all the above plus prints
the population, size, currency, a n d
main languages of each country, and
statistics on largest a n d smallest
countries etc.
I 4 independent guardians, 3 lives.
PILOT 16K
(ZX8l)
£5.95
Fly YOU r own aircraft. I ORDER FORM
Instruments and readouts
A H. ALT. HDG, FL, GR. VOR. j Quantity
VSI. WIND. DME. ADF, and ILS
20 BEST PROGRAMS FOR
THE ZX SPECTRUM £5.95
By Andrew Hewson
Program titles include:
Machine Code Editor - Write, modify, extend
a n d load machine code using this all-basic
program. N o need to use an Assembler w h e n
y o u have this program.
Index F i l e - Learn about fixed length records,
save numeric and string information, add to,
sort, modify, delete and print your records.
Ideal as a c o m p u t e r based filing system.
Duckshoot - Learn h o w to manipulate the
attributes file a n d h a v e fun at the same time.
G r a p h i x - C o n s t r u c t u p t o 210 graphics
characters w i t h the full on-screen editing
facilities, enhance and m o d i f y t h e m a n d recall
t h e m later t o build a detailed display to save on
cassette.
Plus: FOOTBALL, DIGITISER, DIARY and m a n y
more.
NIGHTFLITE
16 and 48K £5.95
NIGHTFLITE puts y o u at the controls of
a light aircraft flying at night. You can:
Climb, descend, take off.
Land, bank left or right.
Navigaie between beacons.
Raise/lower the flaps.
Raise/lower the undercarriage.
Adjust engine r p m .
Raise/lower the nose varying amounts.
Runway lights appear o n approach.
5 modes including Autopilot.
Written by a qualified light aircraft pilot.
SPECVADERS £ 4 . 9 5
16K
Defeat each squadron of Seeple Zaps
and another appears only closer
Cyrian m o t h e r s h i p w i t h ejecting Zeetle
Baps.
5 levels of play f r o m Orions snails pace
to close your eyes a n d hope.
Real time scoring. 3 lives. Pan galactic
gargle blaster for highest score.
Descending asteriods.
MAZE CHASE £ 4 . 9 5
16and48K
4 or 8 Mazes, Highest score to date,
Full colour. Fast machine code action,
magic strawberries, eat lemons
to score more, real time scoring.
M*k« cheque*/PO« payetxe to
Hewson C o n t u l t e n t t
Product Cost

I
see "NIGHTFLITE". Essentially
the same as 'NIGHTFLITE" but
without the Hi Res Graphics.

PUCKMAN 16K Name .Total.

(ZX81) i Block Ccpnais Pie«»«l

£5.95 Address Signed

3 Mazes.
Highest score to date. My Access/Barclaycard No. is.
4 Independent guardians.
Magic strawberries. Post to: HEWSON CONSULTANTS, 60A St Mary s Street. Wallingford, Oxon 0X10 OEL.
Real time scoring. Tel (0491136307.
ZX COMPUTING J U N E / J U L Y 1983 * " 99

fcr

in this new regular feature, Peter Shawr programmer
extraordinaire, answers a selection of reader's problems.
Peter Shaw, author of 'Games for
y o u r S p e c t r u m ' , w i l l be
endeavouring to answer a
selection of your programming
(and other) problems you
encounter on your ZX
computer. Should you have any
problems, w h y not send in your
queries to the following
address:
Problem page,
ZX Computing,
145 Charing Cross Road,
London WC2H OEE.
Please try and include as much
information about your particular
problem, including screen dumps,
listings, etc.
It must be appreciated that
Peter will not be able to answer all
of your queiries, but will choose a
selection that reflect general prob-
lems that should affect you all.
100
SINCLAIR SOLUTIONS
Dear Peter,
When my birthday came I was
overjoyed when I was given a
ZX81. This was my first computer
of my own. Before this I was using
the school's Apple computers,
which I found hard to program
using graphics. I soon started to
write some simple programs,
which I thought were good for my
first attempts, on the ZX81. Then I
wanted to add some moving
graphics to this, and this is where
the problem started, I only knew
how to do 'still' graphics by using
'PRINT "(this is where I put my
graphics!" '. Could you give me
some advice on graphics and how
to make them move like space
invaders.
Steven Hamilton,
Murdishaw, Cheshire.
Steven,
The problem you have is common
« -
amongst beginners on any com-
puter, but once you have found
the answer, adding moving gra-
phics becomes simplicity itself. To
move your graphics you will have
to use 'PRINT TAB', or 'PRINT
A T. The latter of the two is more
commonly used because it allows
movement all over the screen,
whereas 'PRINTTAB'only allows
movement along one line. Try this
program, and then / will explain
how it works:
10 LET A= 10
2QLET B- 16
30 PRINT A T A, B; "the same
number of spaces as there
are characters in line 70"
40 LET A = A + 7
50 LET B = B + 1
GO IF A> 21 THEN STOP
70 PRINT ATA, B; "your
graphics"
80 GOTO 30
First of all, / defined the variables
A and B, then / PRIN Ted AT A,
(10J, B, (16) (that is 10 lines down
and 16 columns acrossI, the
number of spaces required to
cover your graphics in line 70, (ie if
your graphics were '£/C then
there would be 3 spaces in line 301.
/ then increased the value of A and
B by one and PRINTed your
graphics at the new position. Line
60 STOPs the program before the
computer tries to PRINT graphics
off the screen. Finally, line 80
creates a loop to carry on
«
PRINTing. Try re-reading Chapter
17 of your ZX81 manual and then
examine the program above to see
if you can understand it any
better.
Dear Peter,
Could you please advise me how
to get rid of the buzz that emits
from Spectrum.
Christopher Looby,
Kilmallock, G. Limerick.
Christopher,
Unfortunately you're stuck with
the noise; the only way to get rid
of it is to turn the Spectrum off,
which is not very practical.
Dear Peter,
I own a 16K Spectrum but now
wish to increase the RAM size.
There are on the market exten-
sions to RAM which will make the
memory 80K. However, I am
assured that the Spectrum can
only address 48K. Does the larger
RAM size present problems and
does it mean that part of the
extended RAM cannot be used or
addressed all the time. Have you
any advice to offer or should I
simply get a RAM extension to
make my Sinclair a 48K machine.
R.J. Weare
Lillington, Leamington Spa.
Mr Weare,
You are right, by the pure nature
of the Z80A chip, the Spectrum
can only address 48K RAM on top
of the 16K ROM. Although / am
not familiar with the details of the
80K RAM, most expansions
above 48K address in banks, ie
while you are using part of the
memory, the other part cannot be
addressed and vice versa. / re-
commend that you only go as far
as48K, as software above that wiS
be almost non existent.
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

Dear Peter,
I have recently joined the ever
growing band of ZX81 users and
what I would like to ask you is: out
of the wealth of books about the
ZX81 and other more general
aspects of computing, can you re-
commend one for me? What I
require is as follows: 'a book that
will explain how to get the best out
of the ZX81, and a book that will
explain how some of the add-ons
work, and what they exactly do
(something that will teach me
BASIC in English, if you see what I
mean). Lastly, I need a book
discussing aspects on how to
actually create a f u n c t i o n a l
program.
Vivian Thorpe,
Waddington, Lincolnshire.
Vivian,
There are indeed many books
which claim to be the best BASIC
programming guides for the
ZX81, and it would be difficult to
specify just one. Different people
learn in different ways. There are
two books which / think are
particularly good: 'Peek, Poke,
Byte & Ram', a witty, but
comprehensive guide to BASIC
programming, and 'Getting
aquainted with your ZX8f, an old
favourite which teaches you
through experience. Luckily
enough, there is a book especially
for the add-on market, 'The ZX81
Add-On Book', which tries to
explain what the add-ons are for.
'The ZX81 Add-On book' and
'Peek, Poke, Byte and Ram' are
available from Shiva, 4 Church
Lane, Nantwich, Cheshire CW5
5RQ, price €5.50 and €4.95
respectively, and 'Getting
aquainted with your ZX81' is
available from Interface, 44-45
Earls Court Road, London W8
6EJ, price £5.95.
Dear Peter,
I read the article on 'Programming
Skills' in the Dec/Jan issue of ZX
Computing, and refer to the
section 'Press any key to conti-
nue'.
Using my48K Spectrum, I tried
to apply the idea to the 'skilful
driving' program on page97 of the
same issue, but w i t h rather
curious results. I wanted to alter
the program so that when none of
the cursor keys were depressed,
the w h e e l c h a i r w o u l d s t o p
moving. I added:
256 GO SUB 720
720 IF IN 61438 = 255 AND IN
63486 = 255 THEN LET
A = 0: LET D = 0
730 RETURN
This did not work. Upon investi-
gation I found that following the
RUN-ENTER command, IN 61438
ZX COMPUTING JUNEj'JULY 1 9 8 3
ISINCLAIR SOLUTIONS!
movement key was pressed, of
coursel. The Spectrum manual in-
formed me that the D6 bit was
indicating the state of the ear'
outlet, yet there was nothing
connected to this at the time.
Could you explain why this should
be so?
Also, might other bits of this
port (other than bits DO to D3I, be
i n a d v e r t a n t l y set d u r i n g a
program, (by a sound effect, for
example), thus making the idea
that 'If the port value is not equal
to 255 then a key must be pressed'
sometimes unreliable?
John Murray,
Bishopston, Bristol.
John,
This is a problem which I ex-
perienced myself while writing a
program which required two
players to be pushing keys at the
same time. This method is indeed
unreliable sometimes, but can be
overcome by making the first line
of your program a BEEP function,
ie BEEP .001,0. This is very short,
but as you say, it resets the value
of the ports to 255, and then your
program will work.
Dear Peter,
I have recently purchased a ZX81
computer but have not yet chosen
a memory. I am thinking about
buying a 16K memory and later
possibly adding a 16K slave.
A friend recently loaded a
Mikro-Gen cassette game which
was accepted by the computer
but ran automatically, not being
under the control of the Input
keys. Yet another friend with a
Sinclair memory has no trouble at
all.
I also read in Dec/Jan issue of
° aa a
ZX Computing the letter from
• gag
Memotech that the 64K memory
was not suitable for the ZX81 yet
instructions supplied with the
Memopack 16K memory state
that this is suitable for use with the
ZX81.
Slfa (A rather confused)
a i l 8 B. L. Richardson,
Shaw, Oldham.
ia,
Mr Richardson,
!a!i
You did not say whether the
cassette LOADed on the Sinclair
memory was the Mikro-Gen
game, but from a guess i'd say it
wasn't. The Mikro-Gen game was
probably meant to 'auto-run', that
is the game is designed to run
automatically so that you can't
copy it.
The Memopack 64K expan-
sions will work with the ZX81; the
letter was a little confusing, but
what it was saying was 'The ZX81
can't normally hold64K RAM, but
and IN 63486 always had a value ot into and then continued, these our 64K gets around that,
191. If the program was broken ports re-set to 255 (except when a problem'.
101
 SPECTRUM CAME

Take control of aiiiaeroplane on its

last approach to the runway in this
program written for us by Bill Longley
ill1, - of Colchester. .

All you have to do in this game
for your ZX Spectrum is to land
your 'plane on the runway.
However, it's not quite as easy
as it sounds!
Your t a s k is t o c e n t r e
yourself East to West, then
lower your altitude and cut
down the speed of the 'plane.
Next, you must put d o w n your
undercarriage and, hopefully,
land your aircraft. Don't worry if
you're not successful at your
first few attempts at landing — it
often takes many turns before
you score any points at all, let
alone land the 'plane!
To control your 'plane, you
use the ' 5' and ' 8 ' keys to move
West and East respectively. A
negative number on the control
panel means that you are travell-
ing West of the centre of the run-
w a y , and a positive number
means you are too far over to the
East.
in the air tonight
You lower your altitude using
the ' 7 ' key and you can gain
height by pressing the ' 6 ' key.
To land the aircraft, you must
lower your altitude to 1 0 0
metres or so, reduce your speed
and, when your South reading
on the control panel is low
enough, land. Your airspeed can
be altered using the 'S' key to
slow d o w n and the 'F' key to ac-
celerate. Once you have landed,
you should use the air brakes to
quickly cut your speed — this is
done by pressing the 'B' key.
You can only put your under-
carriage d o w n w h e n your
altitude is less than 1 , 0 0 0
metres. The ' W ' or 'D' keys will
lower the undercarriage.
It is more important that you
should have a low airspeed than
to be dead centre of the runway,
but you must remember that if
your speed goes below
100km/hr then your engines
will stall and the inevitable will
probably happen.
All of the controls you'll need
will be shown to you when you
begin the game, and a number of
messages appear throughout
the game informing you of your
status in the air.
The program uses all but 1K
of the 16K available and in-
cludes quite sophisticated
graphics. If you go too far off
course you will see some moun-
tains looming onto the screen
should you get too close to the
ground, you'll see a forest; and if
you complete your mission,
you'll get a look at the runway.
This last view is almost three-
dimensional!

102 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

 SPECTRUM CAME
" M O U E M E N T : " ; T R B JL6 ; '
f (yp j ••
75 P R X N T T R B 1? i TRB 3 i
•SO PRI N T ; RB 5 ; ' to e ^ t ) s - - ^ - -F.
fca? t ) "
65 PRINT TRB 1 5 ; " J " ' T R B IS,")"
90 PRINT TRB 1 5 ; " 7 ( d o w n ) " '
100 PRINT RT 1 9 , 6 , P R P C R 6 , I N K
5; "'HIGH SCORE: ; Q
1 1 0 P R I N T MT 2 1 , 4 , FLRSH 1;"PRE
S S R N Y KEY T O S T R R T
150 PRUSE C: CL 3
150 LET LET b = 0 : LET

170 LET d 2 ~ < IMT ( R N D ff 3 0 0 ) - 1 5 0 ) -

180 LET f 1 - 7 0 0 : LET t 1 = 5 : LET a

l=t1*50: LET d i = I I N I ( R N D * 1 0 0 ) + 3
00)*100
190 LET h 1 - I N T (RND*750)+13O0:
L E T c = 0 . L E T z =0
POP LET a % - " ' i B B M B M H B M M B B B S W B
g^aa^iat^^afefc^flf" GO TO 4 0 0
2 1 5 PR I N T HT O . £3 ; 1
rOR a * l TO l O . PRINT
NE
XT a
225 PRINT Jbun
227 RETURN
230 P R I N T OT 1 2 , 0 . a Spe vd
k=j © U t h
235 PRINT
Eas t
240 PRINT a $; "jffTnrus t
R11 i tude Wf
250 PRINT a $; J R F u e t
B r a k e s
260 PRINT a $: RETURN
270 PRINT RT 13,6;"
T 13,22,"
2 8 0 P R I N T RT 1 3 , 1 4 - L E N STR$ a l ,
.PILOT. a 1 ; R T 1 3 , 3 0 - L E N STR$ d l j d l
2 8 5 P R I N T RT 1 5 , 7 ; " ";RT
15 2 1 " "
CONTROLS: RT 1 5 , 1 4 - L E N U $ ; u $, RT
15/30-LEN STR $ d 2 ; d 2
' B - A I R BRAKES
' S ' - SLOWER 1 7 ? 2 5 ? " N T O T
' F ' - FOSTER
';HEEL3 5TR$ t l ,
"* W - DOWN 1 ' 3 0 - L E N STR 4 h i ; h i
HOUEHFNT • R ( u p 'i 3 0 5 P R I N T RT 1 9 , 5 , "
I RT 1 9 , 2 3 ; " ••
I 3 1 0 P R I N T RT 1 9 , 1 4 - L E N STR$ f l ;
' w e s t ) 5 — +— © (east ! f1;RT 19,26,z$
3 9 0 RETURN
t 4 0 0 GO SUB 2 1 0 : GO SUB 2 3 0 : GO
7 ( d O t i n "k SUB 2 7 0
500 LET z $ = " O F F " : I F h 1 < 1 0 0 0 Q.N
D INKEY$»"w OR INKEY $ - d " J NEN'
HIGH =,CORE 0 LET u j = " D O W N " : LET z = Z+5: LET a l
= a 1 ™3
PRESS RNV KEY T O STRRT 5 0 3 ^ I F b < > 0 THEN L E T a l = a l + b * 1 0
The screenful of rules you are greeted with as you first begin the game : LET b=0
5 0 5 I F INKEY $ = " f " RND f l > 0 THEN
LET t 1 = t 1 + 1 : LET a l = a l + 3 « : LET
0 REM * e \ RESTORE MOUE * S I N N b = l . I F a 1 > 5 0 0 THEN L E T a l = a i - 3 0
CODE GO S . U B R R E S T O R E STR 5 > : GO TO 5 6 0
4 LET q = 0 5 1 0 I F I N K E Y $ = " s " RND f l > P THEN
q LET b$ " • 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ^ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 LET t l a t i - i : LET a l = a l - 3 0 : LET
444444444444 I** :
LET b$=b$+b$: LE b=-1: I F a l < 1 0 0 THEN L E T a l = a l + ^
T b$ = b $ + b $ + b $ + b $ + b $ 0 : GO TO 5 6 0
6 GO SUB 8 0 0 0 5 1 5 I F INKEY $ = " b " THEN L E T a l = a
10 C L S ; P R I N T T R B 8 ; " PILO 1-3: LET r $ - " O N " : GO TO 5 6 0
T •* 5 2 0 I F I N K E Y $ = " 6 " THEN LET a i = a
I S POKE 2 3 6 5 8 , 0 : REM SET LOWER 1-9.8: LET c = c + l : LET d l = d l - ( a l *
CRSE MODE 10/6): GO TO 5 7 0
30 PRINT ' * " CONTROLS." 5 3 0 I F I N K E Y $ = " 7 " THEN L E T a l = a
Aa P R I N T ' B ' - R I R BRSK 1+9,6: LET c - c - 1 : LET d l = d l - i a l *
1 0 . ' 6 ) : GO TO 5 7 0
50 PRINT 'S' - SLOWER" 5 4 0 I F INKEY J = " 5 " THEN L E T d l = d
50 PRINT ' F' - FR3TER" i - (a I t , 5 ) : : L E T d 2 = d 2 - t a l * . i > . G
SS PRINT 'W - WHEELS D O O TO 5 7 0 w
UN" 5 5 0 I F I N K E Y $ = " B " THEN L E T d l = d f 1

ZX COMPUTING JUNEj'JULY 1 9 8 3 103

 SPECTRUM CAME
l - O l i . 5 ) LET d2=d2+ial*.l.i; i- \ " ; R T 3 , d 2 / 1 2 . 5 + l l ; " S \ " ; R T
O TO 5 7 0 4 , d 2 / 1 2 . 5 + 1 0 ; " /
5 5 0 L E T d 1 =d 1 - ( a l * 1 0 0 y 6 0 . « 1330 I F h 1 < = 0 T H E N GO T O 5000
5 7 0 I F t 1 > 1 0 THEN L E T t l = 10 1340 GO T O 3 0 0 0
5 7 2 I F t 1 < = 0 THEN LET al=al-5 1900 PRINT RT 1 , 0 ; b$: LET z = r + 1 0
LET tl=0 1920 PRINT RT 2 , d 2 / 1 2 . 5 + 1 1 ; " / f
5 7 5 LET f l = f l - ( t l * 1 . 5 ) : LET h 1 = \ " ; RT 3 , d 2 / 1 2 . 5 + 1 0 , " / I
K 1 + ( 9 . 5 * C *( 3 1 / 2 5 0 ) ) . I F a 1 > 5 0 0 ;RT 4 , d 2 / 1 2 . 5 + 9 ; " / I V , RT
H E N LET 3 1 = a J - 1 0
5 ^ 2 / 1 2 . 5 + 5 ; " / ! \ "
I :F f 1
1 < 0 THEN L E T f1=0 1940 IF h1< =0 THEN GO TO 5000
5 7 3 I F h K O THEN L E T h 1 =0 1950 GO TO 3000
5 3 0 I F C <0 T H E N L E T C=C+.S 2 0 0 0 PRI NT RT 1 , 0 ; b $ : LET Z=Z+15
5 3 2 I F C >0 THEN LET C=C-.5 2 0 3 0 PRI NT RT 2 , d 2 . 1 2 . 5 + 1 A ; ' /
534- I F a 1 > 1 1 * 5 0 THEN L E T al=a i \ " ; R T 3 , d 2 / 1 2 . 5 + 10; " / !
k a1* 0 0 5 ) \ " ; RT 4 , d 2 / 1 2 . 5 + 9 ; ii" /
LET d 1 - I N T d 1 : L E T d 2 = IMT d RT 5 , d 2 / 1 2 <5+8;
LET f 1 = I N T f 1 : LET a l = I N T 51:
LET h 1 = I N T hi 2040 PRINT RT 0,J2/12.5+7,"/
596 GO SUB 270 t \ " ; R T 7, (j2/12 .5+6; "/
"597 IF f 1 <= 3 0 T H E N GO S U B 100©
59a IF NOT (d1< 2 0 0 0 RND RBS d 2 * I \ "
100) THE N PR INT RT 2 1 , 1 0 ; " 2050 I F h i < - 0 THEN GO TO 5 0 6 0
3000 RETURN
600 I F d 1 < 2 0 0 0 RND RBS d 2 > 1 0 0 4000 RETURN
T 5010 PRUSE 1 0 0 : FOR A - 1 2 TO 2 1
H E N GO S U B 1100
PRINT RT a , O ; "
603
505
I F
I F
a l < 1 0 0
h i < 1 5 0
T H E N GO S U B
T H E N GO S U B
1200 " : NEXT a: PRINT A
GO T O 619
1300 T 12,0;
610 I F NOT ( d 1 < 2 0 0 0 RND d 2 > 1 0 0 }
5 0 2 O P R I N T "YOU CRASHED R T ";R1;
THEN GO 3Ui3 210
" KHH, " : LET Z = Z - 7 0
§15 GO SUB 400O
5 0 3 0 P R I N T D l ; " METRES FROM THE
S I R P O R T *'
t>13 I F d l < 0 AND h l > 0 RND RBS dS 5 0 3 5 P R I N T "RND " ; R B S D 2 ; " METRE
< 1 0 0 T H E N GO T O 5 4 0 0 S OFF CENTRE,"
630 GO T O 500 5C4S PRINT 'THE PLANE IS A URITE
1000 PRINT RT 2 1 , 0 ; FLRSH 1;"LOW OF F "
FUEL " 5 0 5 0 P R I N T " T H E R E WERE NO S U R V I V
1030 LET 2 = 2 - 5 OR5.": LET Z = Z - 1 0 0 : GO TO 6Q0S
1040 I F f 1 < ~ 0 T H E N LET t 1 —0 5 0 5 0 PRUSE 2 0 0
1050 RETURN 5 0 7 © I F RBS D 2 <20 THEN P R I N T "YO
1110 IF d1< =0 T H E N GO T O 5300 U LANDED ON THE RUNWAY ";D2
1120 P R I N T RT 2 1 , 1 0 , FLRSH 1; "MO 5 0 7 5 I F RBS D 2 < 2 0 THEN P R I N T " M E
UNTOINS" T R E S OFF COURSE RND Dl
1130 PLOT 1 0 , 3 2 : DRflU 4 0 , 3 5 ; DRh 5 0 3 0 I F RBS D 2 < 2 0 T H E N P R I N T "HE
W 2 5 , - 3 5 : PLOT 7 1 , 9 5 : DRRU 2 0 , 2 5 T R E S FROM THE " , : LET Z*Z+30
: DRRU 4 0 , - 3 3 PLOT 1 2 5 , 9 0 . DRAW 5 0 3 5 I F RBS D 2 >20 THEN P R I N T "YO
3 0 , 3 5 : DRRU 1 3 , - 4 3 : PLOT 1 6 5 , 1 0 U JUST M I S S E D THE R U N U f l Y : "
5: DRRU 4 5 , 4 0 DRRU 4 0 , - 4 0 5 0 9 0 I F RBS D 2 > 2 0 THEN P R I N T " Y O
1140 LET b = l U UERE ",D2,"METRES"
1150 PAUSE 30 RETURN 5 0 9 5 I F RBS D 2 > 2 0 THEN P R I N T "OF
1210 P R I N T RT 2 1 , 2 5 ; FLRSH L; "ST F COURSE A N D " ; D 1 ; " METRES"
ALL " 5100 IF ABS D 2 >20 THEN PRINT "FR
1240 LET h 1 = h 1 - 3 5 : : LET t l = 0 ; LE OM THE " ;
T a l = a l + 2 3 : I F h 1 < = 0 T H E N GO TO 5105 PRINT " A I R P O R T . " ' " Y O U R SPEE
5200 D URS " ; A 1 ; " KHH."
1250 FOR a =0 TO 100: NEXT a: P R I 5 1 1 0 I F U $ O " D 0 U N " THEN P R I N T "Y
NT RT 2 1 , 2 5 ; " " : RETURN OUR U N D E R C A R R I A G E U A S NOT D O U N : T
1310 I F d i > = 5 © 0 0 T H E N GO T O 1400 HE PLANE URS A U R I T E O F F . " ; LET Z
1320 I F d1 <5 0 0 0 RND RBS d 2 > 1 0 0 T =Z -50
H E N GO T O 1500 5115 IF A1< 250 THEN GO TO 6000
1330 I F d1 < 5000 RND d1> =3000 RND 5120 LET D =INT ( (R1-250) /20) : FO
RBS d 2 < = 1 0 0 THEM GO TO 1 5 0 0 R E =1 TO D: LET F=1NT IRND310)
1340 I F dltw'000 PNC d 1 . - 1 3 0 0 RND 5 1 2 5 I F F = 7 THEN P R I N T " Y O U L ANC
HBS d 2 < = 1 0 0 THEN GO TO 1700 TOO rAST,THE PLANE JUST BwD
1350 I F d1<1300 RND d 1 > = 1 2 0 0 AND KE UP C O M P L E T E L Y . " : LET Z = Z - 3 0
RBS d 2 < = 1 0 3 THEN G O T O iSOO GO TO 6 0 0 0
1360 I F d 1 < 1200 RND d 1 > = 6 0 0 AND 5 1 5 0 NEXT E : GO TO 6 0 0 0
RBS d 2 < = 1 0 0 THEN GO TO 1900 -•200 P R I N T AT 1 2 , 0 ; Y O U R PLANE s
1370 I F d1< 600 RND d 1 > =0 RND RBS T A L L E D AND CRASHED ON I T S NOSE
d 2 < = 1 0 0 T H E N GO TO 2000 .NOBODY S U R U I U E D . YOU UERE " , A
1 4 0 © P R I N T RT 1 , 0; b i 55 D 2 ; " METRES",
141 0I F h 1 < =0 T H E N L-O TO 5000 5 2 1 0 P R I N T " O F F COURSE AND ".Dl
142 0GO TO 3000 " M E T R E S " , " F R O M THE A I R P O R T . " ,
150 0I F d1> 5 0 0 T H E N • O TO 1510 ^ 2 2 0 LET Z = Z - 1 5 0 . GO TO 60OO
150 5GO SUB 210 5 3 0 0 P R I N T AT 1 2 , 0 ; " Y O U SMASHED
152 0GO TO 3000 J.NTO A MOUNTAIN A T " P I ; " KM H . " , ,
1600 PR INT R T 1 , 0 ; b $; LET C. — .t + 1 . LET Z = Z - 2 0 0
1620 PR INT RT 2,d 2/12 5 + 14; / V •' 5 3 2 0 P R I N T "YOU UERE " ; R B S D 2 , "
: I F h 1 < =0 T H E N GO T O 5000 METRES OFF COURSE.",,: GO TO 60-
1630 GO TO 3000
1700 PR INT RT 1 , 0 ; b $ : LET z =Z + 5 l ^ ^ g ^ N T f?' - Y O U F L E U R I G
1720 PR INT RT 2 , d 2 1 2 5+14, " HT OUER THE RIRPORT."; LET Z=Z~6
; RT 3 , d 2 /12 5 + 13, /
1730 GO T O 3 0 0 0 6 0 6 0 L E T Z ~Z + I N T i t £ O B • ( O B ^ D l * *
1800 PRINT RT 1 0 " b «* L E T Z -2 +5 Jf H l / i s p f ) D 2 + 2 > > + ( F l y 15) +"(30-
1320 PRINT HT 2 , d 2 • 12 5 + 12; X
104 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1 9 8 3
 SPECTRUM CAME
6065 I F 2 : 0 THEN LET 2=6? VOU .-:.MHSHTLA INTO H FJ'JUF J i H I N RT
6070 P R I N T "YOU SCORED " ; Z ; " P O I 35G KMH.
NTS,-..; I F 2 > D THEN LET O =2
5075 P R I N T , , " H I G H E S T SCORE. VOU UERE 615 METRES OFF CLOURS
6080 PRINT , PRES; SPRCE TO CON YOU SCORED 3 POINTS.
T I N U E - " ,
5090 I F INKEY $ < > THEN C-O TO * H I G H E S T S C O R E ; 0
090
£100 GO TG 20 FRESC- SPACE
; :
TO CONTINUE.
v.®M 7 ' n J.; i •_•
9000 FOR a - U S R " a " TO USR " a " + 2 3
: RERD v : POKE a , « : Nff VT a
I S i S S S I 2 i ' g ' * 3 2 , 6 4 , 1 2 6
8OS0 DRTR 1 2 8 , 5 4 , 3 2 , 1 6 , > 1
8030 DRTR 0,32,32,112,il£,£48724
*, 32
5040 RETURN 4 4 4 4 * 4 + 4 4 4 , 4 4 * * i i * 4 A i i i i A i
4 4 4 A 4 4 4 4 i A i 4 i i i A 4 4 i 4 4 i i i i 4 .
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4*
Some sample screen dumps from the game. Pilot - as you can see. it 's 4 444 444 4 4 4 A 4 4 A A 4 4 4 4 A 4 4 4 4A4
not as easy as you might think! 4 4 ^ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 .
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
44 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 44 4 4 4 4 44 44

371 u th 163

15 UP -5 13

h r u. rjj^ 1 i i t'Jda
1
rsB r 3 e f OFF

vHU CROSHtD h T 0 6 7 KMH,

5 9 4 9 METRES FROM THE R I R P O R T ,
RND 6 1 0 M FT RES OFF CENTRE.
THE PLRNE T= R W R I T E O F F .
THERE UERE NO S U R U I U O R S .
YOU SCORED 0 P O I N T S .
H I G H E S T SCORE*. 0
MOUNTAINS PRESS SPRCE TO CONTINUE,

•83aCOMPUTING JUNE,'JULY 1 9 8 3 105

 ZX81 GAMES

T U p 7 y O | A whole host of games

• 1 fc^w • programs for your 1K
2X81
a t play
Ladder landings Subcharge
In this game, Zakariya Ahad has Twelve year old Jonathon Al- making their w a y past your
those lovable aliens climbing mond shares a novel naval pro- defences.
d o w n to Earth on ladders! Hav- gram with us. You control a Using the ' 0 ' key you can
ing journeyed across the stars, destroyer which remains sta- drop depth charges onto the
the alien force find that the only tionary at the top of the screen. subs but your aim must be good
way they can get d o w n to the As you sit there, you can see — only a direct hit on the conn-
Earth's surface is to construct (via your Z X 8 1 ) the ocean ing tower will destroy the sub-
four ladders from their mother below you and a number of marines!
ship. enemy submarines silently Once three enemy subs
Using the keys, ' Z ' and ' M \ have past y o u the game ends
you have to guide a sleek and your score will be displayed
spaceship and stop the aliens on the screen.
from bringing the ladders d o w n
to the ground. Once estab-
lished, the ladders can be used
to bring more aliens d o w n from
their mother ship. If too many
aliens land, you lose the game.
See h o w long y o u can defend
the Earth.
The listing is as follows.

10 LET H = 1 1 i e RF'-1 SUBCHRRGE

30 DIM A(4) 15 RRND
=0 LET L = 3
40 LET P = INTI4 * RND) + 1
60 LET J = 5 * P 30 LET 5C=0
70 FOR 1 = 1 0 TO 2 1 — A(P) 4-0 L E T DF =0
80 PRINT AT I,J," (Shift Graphics F and G)" 4-5 LET 5 = I N T (RND*13)+7
50 LET D=2
81 PRINT AT 1-1,J;" "
60 FOR R = 2 7 TO 0 STEP -1
90 LET M$ = INKEY$ 65 P R I N T RT 1 , 7 ; " FC-'. S" ; RT 2,
100 IF M $ = " Z " THEN LET H = H-1 6; " —
110 IF M$ = " M " THEN LET H = H + 1 70 PR I N T RT S . R ; "I
11 5 PRINT AT 1 5 , H ; " (space,Shift Graphics W . inverse 75 IF I N K E Y $ = " 0 " THEN L E T DF = 1
D,Shift Graphic Q, space)" S© I F DF = 1 THEN GOTO 100
120 IF I = 1 5 AND ABS(H + 2-J) < = 1 THEN GOTO 4 0 85 NEXT R
125 NEXT I GOTO 2 0 0
130 LET A(P| = A(P) + 1 100 P R I N T RT D , 1 0 ; " "
135 IF A(P) = 7 THEN STOP 110 L E T D =D + 1
140 GOTO 4 0 120 PR I N T RT D , 10 ; " D "
125 I F D = S RND R +2 = 1© THEN GOTO
Note that the contents of the 4.00
brackets (within double quotes) 130 I F D > S THEN GOTO 300
14-0 GOTO 6 5
in lines 8 0 and 11 5 should be
replaced by t h e graphics
200 LET L = L - 1
205 L E T DF =0
characters they describe. 21CI
220 I F ~ L > 0 THEN GOTO 4 5
230 P R I N T RT 1 1 , 1 1 ; " G A M E QUER"
24-© P R I N T RT 12,11; SCORE:";SC
250 STOP
300 L E T DF =0
305 P R I N T RT D,10;"
310 LET D =0
320 GOTO 8 5
4-00 P R I N T RT S , R ; "
4-10 LET S C - 5 C + I
4-15 LET DF
4-30 rc 4. s

106 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

1
 ZX81 GAMES

The Not such a silly title when you

consider the double bill written

golfing
for us by Grahame Chidwick of
Grimsby. In his first program

guillotine
called Guillotine, a 'Hangman'
type game, you have to guess a
word in eight goes or else some
heads start rolling!
At the prompt, the first
player types in a word, say the
name of an object in the room
or the title of a movie, etc,
while the second player looks
away. Player t w o now has to
^ Jr ' v input individual letters or make
a guess at the word. However,
^mSsii you only have eight attempts at
1
' Hfrt ' the w o r d — so don't lose your
j^BM]
head.
In Grahame's second pro-
gram called Computer Golf, a
m simulation of l 8 holes of golf,
you have to guess the distance
.'A. from you to the hole.
• When the game starts you
are sited at the left-hand side of
the green. To hit your ball
towards the hole, you simply
type in a positive value for the
distance you wish your ball to
travel. Should you overshoot
the hole, you must imput a
negative value for distance.
The par for each hole is dis-
played and your score is up-
dated at the end of each hole. A
negative score means you are
under par and a positive score
means that you probably aren't
in the Jack Nicklaus class just
yet.

Guillotine Computer golf

10 LET C$ = " " 2 LET S = O
20 INPUT A$ 3 FOR N = 1 to 1 8
30 PRINT AT 1,1 5;LEN A$ 4 LET 0 = 1
40 LET A = 0 5 LET A = INT(RND * 23) + 4
50 FOR D = 1 TO LEN A$ 6 LET T = A
60 LET C$ = C$ + " * " 7 FOR Z = 1 TO 100
65 IF CODE A $ (D) > C O D E " Z " THEN LET C$(D) - A$(D) 9 PRINT AT 2 0 , 0 ; " ( 3 2 Graphic spaces!"
70 NEXT D 10 PRINT AT 0 , 0 ; " HOLE: " ; N
80 PRINT AT A , 1 ; " ( 5 Graphic spaces!";AT A + 1; 1; "(Shift 11 LET P = INT(A/10 + . 5 ) + 1
Graphics E, Shift Graphics 1, space. Shift Graphics 2, 12 PRINT AT 5 , 0 ; " P A R : " ; P
Shift Graphics R)"; AT 16,3; " O " ; AT 17,1; " ( 5 Shift 13 PRINT AT 8,0;"SCORE - " ; - S
Graphics A s ) " ; AT 1 9 , 3 ; " U " 16 INPUT B
81 PRINT AT 0 , 1 5;C$ 17 LET 0 = O + B + (!NT(RND * 5)-2) AND B RND * 5 OR
90 IF A > = 16 THEN GOTO 2 0 0 RND ( A - 0 ) / 0
100 INPUT B$ 18 PRINT AT 1 9 , 0 ; " O "
110 IF A$ = B$ THEN GOTO 3 0 0 20 IF 0 = A THEN GOTO 2 4
120 FOR D = 1 TO LEN A$ 21 LET X = RND * * RND * * RND
130 IF B$ = A$(D) THEN LET C$(D) B$ 22 PRINT AT 1 9 , 0 ; " "
140 NEXT D 23 NEXT Z
150 LET A = A + 2 24 LET K = P-Z
160 CLS 26 PRINT AT 1 8 , 0 ; "HOLED IN: " ; Z
170 GOTO 8 0 27 LET S = S + K
200 FOR D = 16 TO 19 28 LET X = RND * * RND * * RND
210 PRINT AT D - 1 , 3 ; " " 32 CLS
220 PRINT AT D,3 ; " O " 33 NEXT N
230 NEXT D
240 PRINT A$ Note that the contents of the brackets (within double quotes) in
250 STOP line 9 should be replaced by the graphics characters they
300 PRINT " SCORE = " ; A , " Y O U SAVED YOUR LIFE" describe.
310 PRINT A$
Note that the contents of the brackets (within double quotes)
in line 80 should be replaced by the graphics characters they
describe.

ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1 9 8 3 . , 107

 Buying or selling?
Now's the time to
take a look.

* LATEST computers • The LATEST news and views on

featured and their personal computers.
performance assessed
by Home Computing • Inside information for the computer
Weekly's team of resident enthusiast.
experts.
• News coverage like you've never
seen before.
* Tested program listings for atl the
populars including BBC, ZX80, ZX81, • Over five pages of software
Spectrum, Atari, VIC-20, Oric and others reviews each week.

OUT IMOW AND EVERY TUESDAY

D o n ' t be left w i t h o u t - c u t a l o n g d o t t e d line and give this c o u p o n t o y o u r n e w s a g e n t ,

Dear N e w s a g e n t ,
Every T u e s d a y , please reserve m e a c o p y of Computing
. WEEKLY
1

Name:

Address:

Thank You
108
ZX C O M P U T I N G JUNE/JULY 1983
 irmingham
THE
METROPOLE HOTEL
AT THE
NATIONAL
EXHIBITION CENTRE
VISIT THE COMPLETE SHOW FOR THE HOWIE USER AND SEE:
A COMPLETE cross section of all hardware and software available to the home user.
A FULL RANGE of home computers priced from £50 upwards.
A COMPUTER ADVICE CENTRE run by independent experts for the answers
to all our questions.
WIN WIN WIN TWO COMPUTERS —one for you.one for a school
of your choice—to be won at each show: FREE entry form
with advance tickets

JUNE SATURDAY4th (10am-6pm)

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ADULTS: C2.00 UNDER 8s & OAPs: FREE
25% DISCOUNT for parties of
20 or more.

SPONSORED JOINTLY BY:

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S
6
r
ZX COMPUTING JUNEj'JULY 1983 109
Have a smashing time on
your Spectrum with
Chris Lemon of New
Maiden.
In this game for your 1 6K Spec-
trum, the player is presented
with a series of brick walls
which slowly move up the
screen. The walls must be
demolished by dropping an ex-
plosive asterisk down onto sec-
tions of the walls. The game is
over when the wall reaches the
top of the screen and the
asterisk bumps into it.
The p r o g r a m has t w o
features:
- The score is printed in the in-
put area.
-The walls are advanced by
)83
Some sample screen dumps from the program. Demolition.
*
scrolling with SCR CT supress-
ed. a s K m
The directions for play are very a = = a S i r S f i l i i l l S l l l l B R I I I I ^
simple - once typed in and RUN, se B B S H I I i B l B I I I I I I I I I B i
T
you simply press Enter to start 3xzaaE2 sKSBBSss&aBaB9BBBB»BBBBB&
the game and press the ' 6 ' key
to drop the explosive asterisk 5 3X3Z7£fe39Z3ift£BKlBB5ayBK2
as it moves across the top of
the screen, The asterisk can B fit BB
move from right to left or vice
versa; there is no warning given BMB9B IBBr-
as to which side the asterisk ^ i i i a a LBB*
will come. ICBI • B c s i a E c i e i n
Demolition is a simple, ^ E E S s r ^ s a a a a a l e a s s i s x s r a s i i III&
though very addictive game. iaas
110
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983
 SPECTRUM CAME
4.0 RPNDOMI2E 5 5 0 NEXT i
50 BORDER 6 5 5 2 P R I N T RT 2 0 , X ; "
60 P R IMN T RT 20,6;"D E M O L I 5 6 0 GO TO 2 0 0
-<* I O 7 0 0 REM p e r c u
70 P R I N T RT 1 5 , 4 ; " U s e 6 to bre 71?! P R I N T RT i , X ; " " LET s = s + l
5 it. the walls." 0 : BEEP .02,16
60 P R I N T RT 1 6 , 4 - ; "Press enter _ 7 1 2 _ LET i = i +1: I F i > 2 1 THEN GO
io s t a r t . " ! C 720
SO I N P U T L I N E IS IF SCREEN* (i,x>="" THEN LE
95 Ci_S T s =r- + i e
100 L E T c = 0 : L E T k = 6 ; LET a=0• 716 P R I N T RT i , x , *" "
LET 5 = 0 : L E T p = l 720 FOR j s l TO 5
1 9 0 GO TO 6O00 722 LET xm * x - J : IF XJ»<0 THEN LE
t x =O
£ 0 0 REM LET Xp=X+j: IF xp>31 THEN L
S02 GO SUE 4-0OO ET xp=3 2
£10 FOR i =0 TO 3 1 726 LET so) = ( S C R E E N S ( i - J , xro3 = " "
IF SCREEN $ f1 , i = •• THEN GO
TC 3CO0 727 LET tm= fSCREENS t i - J - 2 / x m .> =
£13 NEXT i it if \
£20 LET c = C + I : IF c=K THEN GO 7 £6 LET s p = (SCREENS (i-J,XP>="
0 1000
-J .-,
£40 L E T Vv = I N T (RND * 2 ) r •=, »
I- It v
LET tp = (SCREENS (i-j-l,xp) =
250 I F V V = 0 T H E N GO TO 300
£50 GO T O 3 5 6 730 L E T Id =SJ!) +S P 4-181 - f t p
300 REM g o right •'40 If w T H c f j GO T O 2 0 0
310 P R I N T RT 1 , 0 ; PR I N - RT i - J , x tt , " " ; : PRINT
RT i - j , x p ; "
312 I F I N K E Y $ = " 6 " THEN GO TO 50 7 7 0 P R I N T RT i - J - l " "
C PR I
ST RT i - J - l , x p ; "
/ -
";
772 LET BEEP . C
7 6 0 NEXT j
•310 GO T O 200
10O0 LET c=0: L E T a =a +1 : I F a >5
7HEN GO T O 102O
1010 POKE 2 3 6 9 2 , 2 5 5 : PRINT RT 2 1
=51;b S: PRINT RT 2 0 , 0 , b S : GO TO
1100
1020 LET q =INT ( R N D ^7.1
1022 POKE 2 3 6 9 2 , 2 5 5 . PRINT flT 2 1
, 3 1 ; b s. PRINT INK q ; R T 2 0 , a $:
I F a=10 THEN LET 3=0
1030 GO T O 1100
1100 K=k - 1 ; I F K =2 THEN LET
* =3
1110 GO T O 200
21O0 LET 3S='GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
GGGGGGGGGGGGG"
2110 LET bS="
2112
H. .
2120"FOR
•
LET
,
ZS ="

i = 0 TO
"
15
RRRRRGHHr-

2 1 3 0 PRINT bS
2 1 4 0 NEXT i
320 FOR i = 1 T O 3 1 215D FOR i =16 TO 20
322 BEEP . 0 1 , 1 6 : PRLJSE 2 1 6 0 PRINT INK f i - 1 6 J ; a $
?>0 P R I N T CHRS ti •
",CHRS s 2 1 7 0 NEXT i
2 1 6 0 PRINT bS
33 £ I F INKEY$= '6" THEN GO TO SO 2 I 9 0 GO T O 200
fi
t- 30O0 REM Stop
34-0 NEXT i 3010 PRINT RT 2 1 , 0 , Z S
342 P R I N T CHR$ 'i
•i
3 0 2 0 PRUSE O
34-3 GD TO 2 0 O 3 0 2 4 PRINT RT O , 0 ; s
350 REM go left 3 0 3 0 STOP
36© P R I N T RT 1,31;"*"; 4 0 O 0 REM s c o r e
362 I F I N K E Y $ = " S " THEN GO TO 50 4 0 2 0 LET sS=STR$ s: LET I = L E N s 5=
& 403O FOR J = 1 TO I
370 FOR i =0 T O 3 0 404O LET fsCODE s j ( j )
372 BEEP . 0 1 , 1 6 : PRUSE p 405O FOR i = 0 TO 7: LET e=PEEK fu
350 P R I N T CHR $ 6 ; " ";CHR$ 6;CHR +f +i J ; POKE (v + j - 1 + 2 5 6 ) , e : N:
i
^ ^ . ti ^ li .
EXT
382 I F ' INKEV$ = " 6 " THEN GO TO 50 4 06O NEXT .}
4-100 RETURN
390 NEXT i 80OO LET gO=BIN 00O00000
392 P R I N T CHR$ S ; " t i /» &O10 LET g 1 = B I N O l l l l l l O
395 GO TO 2 0 O 6 0 2 0 POKE USR " g " + 0 , g 0
SO? REM d r o p 6 0 3 0 FOR i = l TO 6
510 LET x = 3 3 - P E E K 23668-1 6 O 4 0 POKE USR " g " + i , g l
520 FOR i =2 TO 2 0 6 0 5 0 NEXT i
530 P R I N T RT i - l , x ; " "; S0S-0 POKE USR " g " + 7 , g i a
540 I F SCREEN $ ( i , x ) = " " THEN GO 6O60 LET L«=PEEK (23607) i£56+PEEK
TO 7 0 0 f 23606.^
54-2 P R I N T RT i , x ; " * • ' ; : BEEP .Ol •3090 LET v =16i-256+32*6-1-16364
6 I O 0 GO T O 2 1 0 0

- •83aCOMPUTING JUNE,'JULY 1983 111

 ZX81 CAME

Anyone can become a pinball wizard with this

program f r o m Mark Pattinson
f r o m Tyne and wear.
Once you've typed this program 1 L E T N $ =!' "
into your 16K Z X 8 1 , y o u can 2 L E T S = 0
start the game by pressing any 3 REM ±* ± ~* ±
key. 4- REM
The ball will move around the 5 REM S - D O U N * * * * * * * * * * * * I B - U P
pintable, deflecting off 10 RHND
bumpers', the sides of the table 15 L E T A$ = " , ."
and the bat (which you control). a© LET 50=0
The ball may fall into one of the 3C LET R= 1 0
•i i C"T v — D M
holes CO') and then bounce out,
or be deviated in a random direc- 50 LET X=3D
tion w h e n it touches the wall of 60 C L S _ _
'X's. 7*0 h'Ri NT I r-IN^HLL =
Y o u s c o r e p o i n t s in t h e SO PRINT V
following w a y :
TT'
•=>C P R I N T = ";THQ, 31; "
Deflecting the ball off the bat - 100 FOR 1 = 1 TO 1 5
5 0 points. 1 1 0
(i | n
P R I N T "J T H E 3.;
£3 .; "
"»f " ; TRB 3 1
Landing in one of the holes -
1 0 0 points. 1 2 0 NEXT I _
Deflecting the ball from the wall 1-50 PRINT HT 3.. 1 ; — m
of'X's 1 0 points. -m s?r"'-^ s r
133 PRIN'i H f * O
Should y o u manage to score O" *
2 , 0 0 0 points, you'll find that 14.0 P R I N T RT 6 2 ; "O o
the bat you use t o deflect the u O o
7.. £.; " O 11TAB £5; " 0 "
ball back on the table reduces in
size from three inverse spaces to 1 5 0 P R I N T HT W' A t* "o Q
• O "
9.-4-.; ii U
n
just t w o ! To move the bat, y o u
use the ' M ' key to move right
151 PRINT O
O O"
and the 'Z' key t o move left. 1 2 ; • • ir— » ••

Your score is incremented as 13 5 * ii— 1 — 2 0 ;

you deflect o f f objects, and the
• ii
ball's speed will increase in pro- 165 P ftINT AT 11,2 XXXX XXX XXX X X
portion t o your score. v ;x; X X X X X X X X X X X X ' '
O O r- K J- in • r— I .1 .1 - !-> • J gl. r> .1 cr

What's your line?

1 0 - 1 9 5 Variables and board are
PRINTed.
2 1 5 - 3 0 1 The ball is moved up 195 PRINT
V . Y " !?! "
along t h e c h u t e a n d drops
through one of the four gates, 2 i 0 ' I F I N K E ' v 5 = " " t h e N GOT O 210
2
J—1
i q1 I F IN K EVY 5 =" THEN. GOTO 211
w h i c h close immediately after- w FTiEL-
' J Tr i V• —
— • ~ U ~ c - ir ri r r*- - ji,
wards. O Z• ^ D »• ~ Q T v" V - ='.•»= =
3 2 0 - 3 6 0 The main loop of the c - R t !-JT PsT Y x : " "
program. £30 NEXT Y
3 8 0 Alters the horizontal veloci- 24-1' LET OQ=INT (RND*4) *5
ty. 250 r Ok X=> TO OO + l S T E P -1
4 3 0 Alters the vertical velocity. =:t-0 P R I N T HT Y . X ; " 0 "
6 0 0 - 6 3 0 End of the game. £. 5 51
—j .-i
P <RtI N T RT Y . X : " "
v -r •>.
PRINTs the high score, etc, and C. t I A
re-starts the game. 250 LET D Y = 1
8 5 0 - 8 5 5 Ball falls into a hole 290 L ET f> X =
and bounces out. 300 P R I N T A T 3 >= 1.1
itmmmmgmmmn•
1

9 4 0 - 9 5 5 Ball bounces off the '•-y -i

line of ' X ' s . •Jt/ 1 |i J
c r] I — ! .T •J.
"•
315 PRINT AT 0 . . I S ; SC
1 6 1 0 - 1 6 1 5 Ball bounces off
3 £ 0 L E T Y=Y+DY
the bat. 3 2 1 L E T X =X+DX _ _ _ _ _ _
2 0 7 0 Ball bounces off a corner 3 2 5 GOTO PEEK (PEcf\ I t > 3 y o + £56*P
of the table. EEK 1 6 3 9 7 + 1 + Y * 3 3 + X ) * I 0 + 3 3 0
5 0 0 0 Alteration of the bat size 330 PRINT AT Y X ; " 0 " , _
once you reach 2 , 0 0 0 points. 34-0 L E T A = A + £ * ( ( I N K E Y O R H

)83
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983 112
 ZX81 CAME
0 ) - ( I N K E Y $ = " Z ' UH H =24- > )
350 P R I N T HT 2 1 R ; R $ ; R T Y .. X .
560 G O T O 320
•_• T1 LLT DX=-DX
381 G Q T u :j?£0
4-30 L E T DY = — DY
.X L ' O 1 U 3 2 0
600 I P S O S T H E N I N P U T N $
I F S O S T H E N L E T S = S C
6 1 0 P R I N T P T 1 S .i 1 . ; " H I - S
" ; N $

A"
6 1 1 PRINT TR5 1 0 ^
615 P R U 5 E 4-E4-
T>20 I F INKEY $ = " " T H E N G O T 5 2 0
6 3 0 GOTO 10
E (Arp 850 P R I N T R T Y X; " 0 "
5 5 1 LET O X - - D X -v \ D X = 0 > * • I N "
*2) * 2 - l )
852 LET 5 C = 5 C + 1 0 0
6 5 4- P R I NT H T Y X.; " G "
555 GOTO 3 1 5
94-i? PR I N T PT Y .. X : i B "
©4-5 L E T S C = S C + 10
•950 L ET D
LET X = IN
DX NTT ( RND * 2 )) * 2 - l
5 5 2 P R I N T HT Y . X ; " X "
9 5 5 GOTO 3 1 5
1810 L E T DY = - 1
rrvrm «j Pn
1 5 1 1 LET 5 C = 5 C + 5 0
I t . 12 I r = > 0 2 0 0 0 AND L E N H?>6 T H E
N GOTO 5 0 0 0
1 5 1 5 GOTO 3 1 5
='070 L E T DY = — DY
2 0 7 1 LET D X = - D X
5 0 7 2 I'UTO 3 2 0
5 0 0 0 P R I N T PT 5 1 . H .
*
I l l * '
.0 L E T H J - " • .
i0 GOTO 3 1 5

i
Some sample screen illustrations from the program. Pin ball.
p i MBHLL .10

o o Q
O n o O o
o
l_J

o rs
H.VMMMVV.VM
O
X X X X X X X X X XX X X X XX X X X X X X X X X X

J. i

XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1 9 8 3 113

/ ' > /
 ZX81 CAME

No man's land
Mark Emery of Surrey has
written a fine program 10 REM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

for you and your ZX81.

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
20 LET A = 1 6 5 1 4
30 INPUT B
40 POKE A, B
50 PRINT B ; \ " ;
60 LET A = A + 1
70 GOTO 3 0

The machine code loader program.

1 7 / 0 / 0 / 9 8 / 1 0 7 / 1 7 5 / 1 2 5 / 5 0 / 1 6 4 / 6 4 / 1 7 5 / 1 2 4 / 5 0 / 1 65/
64/1121 4 / 2 / 2 3 7 / 6 6 / 2 0 0 / 9 8 / 1 0 7 / 1 / 3 3 / 0 / 9 / 8 4 / 9 3 / 2 3 7 /
75/1 2 / 6 4 / 3 3 / 0 / 0 / 9 / 1 7 5 / 6 0 / 3 5 / 3 5 / 2 5 4 / 3 2 / 4 0 / 7 / 7 0 / 5 4 /
0/43/1 12/24/242/24/205/

The machine code part of the listing.

It should be noted that a '/' denotes Newline

LET F = 0
LET E = 14
LET I = 0
PRINT AT INT (RND * 2 2 ) , 3 0 ; " H ' ;AT INT
(RND * 2 2 ) , 3 1 O "
PRINT AT E, 1 4 ; " = + ) " ;
IF PEEK (PEEK 1 6 3 9 8 + 2 5 6 * PEEK 1 6 3 9 9 ) = 128
THEN GOTO 1 3 0
IF PEEK (PEEK 1 6 3 9 8 + 2 5 6 * PEEK 1 6 3 9 9 ) = 52 THEN
LET I = I + 1
PRINT AT INT (RND * 22),30;"••"
LET A = USR 1 6 5 1 4
PRINT AT E , 1 3 ; "
LET E = E + (INKEY$ = " 0 " AND
E < 21) —(INKEY$ = " 1 " AND E > 0 )
GOTO 4 0
LET F = F + 1
PRINT AT E,1 4 ; " ) * ("
PAUSE 7 5
CLS
IF F > 3 THEN PRINT AT 1 1 , 1 0 ; " GAME OVER' ;AT
13,10;"SCORE :";END
PRINT AT 1 1 , 1 0 ; " SHIP " ;F;AT 1 3 , 1 0 ; " SCORE SO
FAR : " ; l
FOR B = 1 to 1 0 0
NEXT B
CLS
GOTO 4 0

The second section of the listing.

You are in a small patrol ship
patrolling the area of no man's
land of a battle zone in the
future. As you move across the
terrain, you come across many
mines (shown as black squares)
placed in your path. You must
move to avoid these (by press-
ing the ' V and ' 0 ' keys) other-
wise they will explode destroy-
ing your ship. You will also see
on the screen the positions of
snipers (shown as Os). Al-
though they will not harm you,
your prime objective is to ram
them thereby killing them.
Every sniper y o u hit and
destroy will be added to your
score. You have four ships and
after all of them have been des-
troyed, the game will end and
your score will be displayed.
The program is entered in
t w o parts. The first part is used
to load the machine code
routine. When RUN, the com-
puter will ask you for a number.
You must then enter the
machine code, each number be-
ing followed by Newline. The
second section of the listing is
the main part of the program
and can be entered straight on
top of the machine code pro-
gram. Line 10 of the machine
code program will be left and
will become part of the second
program. I
;

114 ZX COMPUTING JUNE'JULY 1983 I

A TOTALLY NEW AND ORIGINAL GAME
FROM SOFTWARE FARM TRS80 (LEVEL 2)
FOR16K ZX81
ZX SPECTRUM — ZX81
SUPER SOFTWARE PACK

wB
-. - rrnRfrrcoGS
•
•t.
• X^
• Xl
UT ftrnmM!

YOUR MISSION jg frjgil

To penetrate the Witches Defences, Enter
her Cavern and Destroy her wicked Heart
I THE: VAULT ]

THE WITCHES DEFENCES
STALAGMITES AND STALACTITES ,vh h gr<M i c r o « yo path.
B'ast a way through with your Lazer Cannon (but beware - a surprise
is in store (ore you').
VOLCANOES to get past a've - if you ^ m ' - an eve? increasing
amount of white hot Larva to avoid the closer you get to the witches
cavern.
VAMPIRE BATS that c'mg to y o u shp making your connt ssincGSh
and finally (if you are not careful) dragging you down to your
destruction.
CAVE-INS should you hit the side of the cave with your Lazer Cannon
or Bomb, part of the roo' w n cave in on you the greater the
•andslides to avoid each time!.
THE NEARER you get to the Witches Cavern, the more of her Defenjes
she will throw at you at once. Should you survive all of them (highly
unlikely! then you must contend w>th the Witch herself Avoid being
turned to stone by her spells white attempting to destroy her wicked
Heart!.
* 1 or 2 Players
'Written entirely in Machine Code * Mystery Score positions to bomb
* Hall of Fame * 5 Skill Levels
D E S T I N E D T O BECOME A CLASSIC!
A N D O N L Y £5.95
THE SOFTWARE F A R M
* c CRAIGO F A R M . BOTANY BAY. T I N T E R N , GWENT
25 Great programmes on one pack: Star Wars. Gambling Maciir e Break
out Trap II. Population Simulation. Corridors oi Doom Housebreak. Towers of
Hanoi. Butterfly Chase. The Vault. Yahtzee Maths. Calendar Amazing 3D
Mazes 3D Noughts & Crosses. Jackpot. Bandit Hangman - Musical BiDte
History and Sport Mastermind. Spelling D'ary Records File and Time Warrior
Here are descriptions of just a few of (he games
HOUSEBREAK You enter a house at n ght in an attempt to roo it of money
and any gold and silver items you can find Your object is to clean out the
house In the dark you must avoid bumping into thelurmture After an intervalof
lime an alarm w»li sound and a short while later the iignts will be turned on A
vicious dog >s then released and you have to use ail your skill and cunning to
avoid getting bitten as he chases youaround the house Any j u r i e s caused by
the dog will slow down your escape. The game is piayed in real lime, has
excellent graphics and is very exerting A new house is generated each lime
the game is played
CORRIDORS OF DOOM! A dungeons & dragons type- game thai is very
addictive. You can never win this game by chance A lot depends on
discovering the secrets of |ust how you have to deal with each individual
monster in the game There is a liquid which will destroy the Werewolf — but
which one? How can you tame the giant sender1* Will you ever learn the secret
ol how to dele at the Blood Devil Ail of the monsters have treasures for Ihose
who are both brave and wise enough to overcome them but to escape alive
you must first cross some very nasty pits Play it again and again
AMAZING 3D MAZES Wander through the giant 18x18x18 mazes
collecting treasures, you know where they are. but how do you get to them?
^ F Extra points are awarded lor fmdmg the shortest roules Don't get too frustrated
by apparent dead ends
3D NOUGHTS 4 CROSSES Played inside a 4x4x4 cube this is a game tor
Ihe intellectual Gieat graphics 'l pfays a mean game and w,ns abou! nine out
of every ten games it plays

ZX SPECTRUM £f ZX81 TOWERS OF HANOI You will welcome thisciassical puzzle which is a musl
for anyone with a computer The problems difficulty depends on how many
EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE disks you use It might only take you a few minutes with four disks bul witn a
nme it could take all day Two variations of the game are included There is a
constant display of Hours: Mms Sees, so thai you know how we'i or how badly
you are doing al any particular stage If you find you cannot work the problem
Spectrum Junior Education £7.50 out1 The computer will show you the shortest possible solution
Use your Spectrum to help your children with their school work. THE VAULT A high security vau i in Oxlors i Tie game can bo changes !:,
This cassette contains eight attractive, easy-to-use programs for centre around your own home town) hasten doors each with its own live figure
the 7 to 11 age group. combination The combination of the nme inner doors are known but only the
manager knows the combination of the outer door. Unfortunately Ihe manager
Topics include English comprehension, spellings, homophones, has got himself locked in the Vauii It is your |ob to get him out before a" the
junior science, maths and history. Oxygen is used up The computer will g ve you metaphorical clues to how near
you are getting The time switches which change Ihe combination every so
* Entering your own questions and answers allows you to adapt often can prove a problem T his is a case which really puts your powers of logic
two of these programs for exercises in any subject area. to ihe lest
* Moving colour graphics and sound are extensively used to
POPULATION SIMULATION This is a game for two players, each
improve motivation. becoming the leader of one ol the planets Techno & Primo II is a batt'e to
* Use the " d r a w " program to produce pictures, maps and survive Each decade a player must decide various things in governing his
diagrams. planet, ho must carefully balance production and technology agamst
Suitable for the 16K or 48K Spectrum. Program notes are consumption and population He can either negotiate with his opponent or
supplied. declare war on him How about sending out an expiorahon parly in search of
new wealth Only the experienced last very long
Overseas orders. £8.50
TIME WARRIOR You are an experienced time warrior ana you naveceen
O-Level Chemistry (C1) f 5 50 sent on a mission to rid the Universe of imposters who have laken up key
positions m ten different time sectors m this adventure you will face the
This cassette contains four clearly presented revision/tutorial gladiators in Ancient Rome, find yourself in a gun fight in Old America help
programs. The subject matter has been carefully structured to cover Hiiiery climb Everest, joust with ihe Black knight, it s all to be done m Time
the most important aspects of: Warrior'

* Elements, compounds and mixtures

The lull cassette of 25 programmes is
* Structure, bonding and properties. senl to you lor only £8.95 ncluSivo
* Redox, electrolysis and the activity series.
* Acids, bases and salts. Please feel free to write or phone for
details ol other programmes
48K Spectrum and 16K 2X81 versions of the cassette are available. Trade enquiries welcomed
Please specify which you require Telephone John Wilton on 0608 3059 25
Overseas orders: E6 50 IS 11 60) per cassette: includes AIRMAIL
postage.
SPARTAN SOFTWARE superb
Professional Computer Assisted Learning materials from:
(DEPT. ZXC) n i
G
^ M £ s
ONL
CALPAC COMPUTER SOFTWARE
9 Cotswold Terrace, y £8.95/
108 H e r m i t a g e W o o d s C r e s c e n t , St J o n n s , Chipping Norton,
W o k i n g , S u r r e y G U 2 1 1UF. Oxon.

ZX COMPUTING JUNEj'JULY 1983 115

 Learner
SPECTRUM CAME

1 INK 0 : PRPER 6
2 LET h5C=0
5 DRTR 1 3 8 , 2 5 0 , 1 7 0 , 2 5 0 , 34- , 2 5 0

driver
, 254- , 8 0
10 DP.TR 6 0 , 6 0 , 6 0 , 24- , 2 5 5 , 6 0 , 3 6 ,
102
15 DRTR 15.15,24-3.24-8,255.255.
4- (3 3 6
R 1 2 6 & 6 1 9 5 2 S S 2 5 5
i l l 2 § I ' ' ' ' •
25 DRTR 255,255,O,0,255,255,0,
0
You'll have to watch out 30
,23
4.0
DRTR 255,255,7,7,255,255,2©

for more than the cat's

LET U -REEK 2 3 6 7 5 + 2 5 6 *PEEK 2
3676

eyes in this game from Mr 50

52
54-
FOR * = 0 T V3 7
RERD J

Davis of checkley.
POKE U + 1 6 + i , J
56 NEXT i
60 FOR i = 0 TO 7
62 RERD J
64- POKE U +4-0 + i , J
66 NEXT i
70 FOR i = 0 TO 7
72 RERD J
74. POKE U + 1 2 0 + i , J
75 NEXT i
60 FOR i = 0 T O 7
32 RERD J
84 PCKE U + 1 2 8 + i , j
86 NEXT i
90 FOR i = 0 T O 7
92 RERD J
94 POKE U + 1 3 6 + i , J
96 NEXT i
1®0 FOR i = 0 T O 7
102 RERD J
104- POKE U +14-4- + i , j
106 NEXT i
120 P R I N T RT 1 , 8 ; " L E R R N E R D R I V E
All you have t o do in this pro- Mind that bollard! R "*; RT 3,2; "Drive from t o p L e f t t
gram is t o drive your car from To gain points en route, you o bottom r i q h t , demo i i s h i n g a l l
the top left of the screen to the can demolish walls and fences, w a l l s and f e n c e s . Rvoid c o l l i d i n
bottom right without hitting although you mustn't crash into •a w i t h moving v e h i c l e s , pedes,
anything. Sound's easy a flashing bollard. Should you trians, and f l a s h i n g bollards.,
enough... run over a pedestrian, or collide although r u n n i n g over cats i s p
When you have got the pro- w i t h one of the moving cars or emitted. The f i n a l cat scores a
gram RUNning, y o u find trucks, you will also be told that bonus 100 points."
yourself looking at a page of in- you have crashed, given your 1 2 1 OUT 2 5 4 - , I N T I R N D * 3 2 ) : PRUSE
formation explaining the rules score and asked if y o u would 300
of the game. Movement of your like t o have another game. 122 P R I N T RT 1 2 , 6 ; " T i » £ Limit:
vehicle, which is placed at the 2 tt, i n . "
You are permitted to run 124- PRINT RT 14,2; "Controls UP
top left-hand side of the screen,
is controlled by the ' 1' key t o
over cats, and as a special '1' LEFT 'ft'"
bonus you are awarded 1 0 0 126 PRINT RT 1 6 , 1 1 ; " D O W N 'Z' R
move up, the 'z' key to move points if you manage to run IGHT ' P ' **
d o w n , t h e ' m ' key t o move left over the cat in the bottom right 128 PRINT RT 19,7;"Press P' to
and the 'z' key t o move right. of the screen. P t a y "
Then, you have a minute period So, if you fancy an exciting 130 IF INKEY$ = " p THEN GO TO 1!
to manoeuver your car to the drive, or you simply don't like 0
bottom left-hand corner gaining cats, then this is the program 1 3 5 GO TO 1 2 0
as many points as you can. for you. 150 CLS
160 DEF FN t ( ) = I N T t(65536*PEEK
A screen illustration from Learner driver showing the busy streets £3674 +256*PEEK 23673+PEEK 23672
you have to negotiate. ^ ^ >• ,'"50J
165 LET t 1 = F N t ( )
£ CT-T+ttrCit 170 LET S = 0
177 LET X = 0
178 LET U=0
A £ 189 P R I N T INK 2 ; R T 1 7 , 5 ; " F " ; R T
ccttc jtnajj 17.22;"FF";RT 20,28;"F";RT 3,15;
t l t JJC t j I? nmtctj^jtatjttt 5 "F";RT 8,13;"FF";RT 8,26;"F";RT
18,31;"F": REM G R A P H I C S f
£ 1 9 0 P R I N T RT 3 , 0 ; ' • " . R T 3 , 5 ; " *
l»|«a«|4";RT 3 , 1 6 ; " m m * * * * - ; RT
* * 3,25;
1 9 1 POKE 2 2 7 6 3 , 1 4 - 9 : POKE 2 2 7 7 8 ,
14-9: POKE 2 2 7 7 3 , 1 4 - 9 : POKE 2 2 7 6 8 ,
14-9: POKE 2 2 7 6 3 , 1 4 - 9 : POKE 2 2 7 5 3 ,
r ' '"-"'A it 3 * * 1 14-9
192 P R I N T RT 2 , 1 2 , • • « » » « » » » " ; RT
ft sjjjro stssxts i 7 , 1 2 ; " n » » » " ; RT 7 , 2 2 ; • ' » » » » " ; RT 7 ,
2 7 ; " » » » » " ; R T 8 , 0 ; " « » » » » » " ; R T d^
* £
116 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983
 SPECTRUM CAME
I S ; " B S D ; RT s . 1 5 ; " » » » " ; R T 8,21; " 3 2 6 I F X = 1 7 RND Y=5 OR X=17 RND
ttwSJtJl" ; R T 3 . 2 7 : "ttSCnJI" • 4 = 2 2 OR X =17 RND M = 2 3 OR X = 2 0 R
193 PRINT ^ ^ n NO Y = 2 S THEN GO T O * 4 0 0
3 2 8 I F X = 1 6 RND Y = 1 3 THEN LET S
194- P R I N T R T 1 7 , 0 ; " ; RT 1 7 =S +15
.6;"»»a";RT 1 7 ,n ; ; RT 1 7 . 3 3 0 I F X = 1 RND y = 3 0 T H E N L E T S =
19; R T 1 7 , 24-; " * t t n * i i 3 *n~ ; PH- S +15
I S , 2 : - n o n e " ; R T I S , 2 1 : ••nunn" ; RT 1 3 3 2 I F X = 2 RND y = 6 T H E N L E T S =3
3 ,2 5 : " n n n t t " + 15
195 P R I N T INK l; R T 2 , 6 ; " C " ; R T 1 3 3 5 I F X = 4 RND U = 2 * n - 4 OR X = 4 R
& , 13; " C " ; R T 1 , 3 0 ; " C " : P R I N T INK ND = 2 * n - 3 T H E N GO T O 4 0 0
2; RT 2 0 ,36; " C " : R E M G R R P H I C S C 3 4 0 I F X = 5 R N D y = 2 * n + 3 OR X = 5 R
196 P O K E 23105,14-8: P O K E 23110, ND < J = 2 * T ; + 2 T H E N GO T O 4 0 0
14.3: P O K E 2 3 1 2 4 , 1 4 8 : P O K E 23129. 3 4 4 I F X = 1 0 RND y = S # n + l OR X = 1 0
14.8: P O K E 23134,148 R ND y = 2 * n + 2 T H E N GO T O 400:
235 FOR n=© T O 21 3 4 6 I F X = 1 5 RND u = 2 9 - 2 * n OR X = 1
2 0 8 IF n < = 1 5 T H E N P R I N T INK 2 ; R 5 R N D U = 3 0 - 2 H-n THEN GO T O 4 0 0
T 5 , 2 * n + l ; " Q " ; REM G R R P H I C S q 3 4 7 I F X = 1 9 R N D q = 3 * n + l OR X = 1 9
210 IF n < = 1 4 T H E N P R I N T I N K 4 ; R RND y = 3 * n OR X = 1 9 R N D < 4 = 3 * n - l T
T S , 2 * n +3; " © " ; IF n < = 1 6 T H E N PRI H E N GO T O 4 0 0
MT RT 5 , 2 * n - 2 ; " ": P R I N T R T 5, 348 I F X = n + 2 R N D y = n + 2 T H E N GO
29; *' TO 400
215 IF n < = 1 7 T H E N P R I N T INK 1;R 3 4 9 I F X = n R N D y = 2 6 - n T H E N GO T
T 4 , 2 * n - 4 ; " © " : P R I N T RT 4 , 2 * n - 6 : O 403
": IF n >16 T H E N P R I N T R T 4,2S 350 I F X = 2 0 RND y = 3 0 THEN L E T £
= 3+100
220 IF n < = 1 5 T H E N P R I N T I N K 2; Fi 3 5 2 I F X = 2 0 R N D y = 3 0 T H E N GO T O
T 1 0 , 2 * n + 1 ; " © " : p r i n t r t 10, 2 *n - 380
1;" 3 6 0 L E T t = F N t (>
225 IF n >1 R N D n < = 1 6 T H E N POKE 3 6^ 3 ^ P
q
R I N Ti t I N K 0 ; P R P E R 7 ; R T 0 , 2
^ - ••
2 2 3 8 0 + 2 * n - 2 , 1 6 3 : P R I N T RT ll,2*n
-4; " ": P R I N T R T 11,29;'* 3 6 5 I F t = 1 1 + 1 2 0 T H E N GO T O 3 8 0
£30 IF n <=14 T H E N P R I N T I N K 3; ft 3 6 6 NEXT n
T 15,28-2*n;"PRS": IF n < = 1 5 T H E N 3 7 0 GO T O 2 0 5
PRINT RT 1 5 , 3 1 - 2 * n ; " ": R E M G 360 CLS
RRPHICS p r s 383 I F £>h£C THEN LET h£C=£
£4.0 IF n < = 1 0 T H E N P R I N T I N K 1;R 3 8 5 P R I N T F L R S H 1 ; I N K 0; P R P E R
T 19 ,3*n + l; "O" ; P R I N T RT 1 9 . 3 * n - 7;RT 5 , l l ; " G R M E OUER": PRINT RT
o•" «• 1 5 , 3 ; " i f y o uwish to play again
250 IF n < = 1 9 T H E N P R I N T I N K 3;ft , press Key c "
t n +2 , n +2.: " Q " : P R I N T R T n + l , n + l , 3 8 7 P R I N T R T 10,7;"YOUR S C O R E I
•• tl
S " ; FLRSH 1 ; INK 7 ; PRPER 0;s;"
«•
255 IF n < = 2 1 T H E N P R I N T I N K 1;R
7 n,26-nJ"O": P R I N T RT n - l , 2 7 - n , 3 6
##6s* P R I N T RT 1 3 , 7 ; " H I G H SCORE I
•M
F L R S H l ; I N K 0; P R P E R 7jhSC
259 PRINT RT 15,0; " J
260 PRINT RT 21,0;" 390 FOR e = 1 TO 2 5 STEP 4
• • 391 BORDER INT (e/4)
261 PRINT RT
0,1;" 392 BEEP . 5 * ( S I N (e * P I / 2 ) ) , 2 5
": P R I N T R T 2 0 , 0 393 BEEP . 5 * ( C O S (e#PI/2)),0
;*' P R I N T R T 1 0 , 3 1 ; " ": P R I N T 396 I F INKEY S = " C " THEN GO TO 15
RT 5,31,*" ": P R I N T R T 1 9 , 3 1 , " ": 0I
PRINT R T 1 1 , 0 ; " PRINT RT 15, 3 9 7 NEXT e
r.n •• ": P R I N T R T 6 , 0 ; " 3 9 9 GO TO 3 8 5
23© L E T 3 =X : L E T b =y 4 0 0 CLS
285 IF I N K E Y i = " I " R N D X < 2 1 T H E N 405 I F £ > h S C THEN LET h S C = S
L E T X=>;+2 415 PRINT INK 0 ; PRPER 7 ; FLRSH
286 I F I N K E Y 5 = " 1 " HND X* 1 T H E N I;RT 2,10;"COLLISION!
LET X = X - 1 4 1 8 P R I N T RT 1 0 . 7 ; " Y O U R SCORE I
290 IF I N K E Y $="5>" H N D y > l T H E N 3 " ; FLRSH L; INK 7 ; PRPER 0 ; s ; "
LET y =y - 1
291 IF INKEY9 = "P" R N D y <31 T H E N 419 PRINT RT 1 3 , 7 ; " H I G H SCORE I
LET y =y +1 S .
";
• • i i
FLRSH L; INK 0 ; PRPER 7 ; H £ C
30© P R I N T R T a , b ; " "
310 PRINT INK S ; R T X , y ; " 0 " 420 PRINT RT 1 9 , 3 ; " I f y o u wish
312 IF S C R E E N S (X,y-1)="*" THEN to p l ay again, press Key c "
LET S = £ + S <121 FOR d = lT O 2 9 STEP 4
314 IF S C R E E N S (X,U+1)="*" THEN 422 BORDER I N T ( d / 4 )
LET £ =£ + 1 2 423 BEEP . 5 , 2 * ( S I N (d*PI/2))
316 IF S C R E E N S (X,y-lJ="»" THEN 424 BEEP . 5 , - 2 * ( S I N ld*PI/2))
LET £ = S + 1 0 430 I F I N K E Y $ = " C " T H E N GO T O 15
316 IF S C R E E N S (X,y+1)="»" THEN 0
LET £=£ + 12 431 NEXT d
320 IF X = 1 6 R N D y = l O R X = 1 8 R N D 435 GO T O 4 1 5
y=6 OR X = 1 8 R N D y = 2 0 O R X = 1 8 R N
0 y =25 OR X = 1 8 R N D y = 3 0 T H E N GO Should you make it safety to your destination, this is the message
TO 400 you wiK be greeted with. Note the high score facHity.
322 IF X = 7 R N D U = 1 O R X = 7 R N D u GRME OUER
= 11 OR X =7 R N D y = 1 6 O R X =7 R N D U
=21 OR X =7 R N D y = 2 6 O R X =7 R N D C; YOUR S C O P E I S 1 0 0
=31 T H E N G O T O 4-00 HIGH S C O R E I S1 0 3
324- IF X =3 R N D y = 1 5 O R X =6 R N D
y=13 OR x = 8 A N D y = 1 4 O R x = 8 R N D If i C u w i sh to pU y again,
y =26 T H E N G O T O 4-00 press Ke u c

ZX COMPUTING JUNEj'JULY 1 9 8 3 117

 SOFTWARE REVIEW
Transyl
Transylvanian T o w e r is the
latest of Richard Shepherd's
adventure games for the 48K
vanian
Spectrum. Count Dracula's lair
contains no less than 5 0 0
rooms, and your task is to find
your way through them, kill the
Count, and steal from his secret
treasure trove.
tower
The tower is on five levels,
each of which is made up of a
ten by ten maze. You start in the
top left corner, and you have to
reach the room at the bottom
right w h i c h c o n t a i n s the
'transporter' {what's wrong
w i t h stairs?!) to take you to the
next level. As you enter each
Searching out Count
room, you are given a three-
dimensional view of the walls
Dracula is no easy task,
and any doors leading off. You
may also come across a useful
as Phil Garratt will
object such as a ring that lets
you walk through walls or a
testify.
s w o r d for killing bats w i t h .
Movement is done using the cur-
sor keys, ' 5 ' and ' 8 ' for left and
right, ' 7 ' to go forward, and ' 6 '
turns y o u 9 0 degrees anti-
clockwise <so pressing it twice
turns you right round without
leaving the room).
Necking in the
tower
Once you are past the opening
titles of the program, complete
w i t h sneak preview of the
Count, you have to wait for over
t w o minutes for the random
maze to be set up. Your quest
starts at level 1, which is the
dungeon level, and contains
neither hazards nor objects.
Pressing 'H' at any time displays
a floor plan, which is built up
gradually line by line and takes
over 3 0 seconds to complete.
Your position and that of the exit
are then shown, and after 10
seconds you are returned to the
room display. Eventually, you
reach the exit and you then have
 SOFTWARE REVIEW)

Congratulations You h a v e now COUNT DRPiCULR HPS CRUGHT YOU

reached the top f l o o r of PRESS " U " IF YOU U I S H TO USE R
the UEfiPON
t o w e r „ Now a w o r d about. C o u n t v
0 r a cu l a •
He w i l l a p p e a r at r a n d o n , but
never where t h e r i s a t>a t o r
an o b j e c t
Jhen y o u meet h i ft> y o u c a n n © t
t u r n r o u n d , bewdre or b e i n g
trapped i n a d e a d end
Only one o f the rrsany o b j e C tS
w i l l K i l l h i m . I f y o u f i nd t h a t
jour curren t inventory i S
useless ag ainst t h e Co u n t t h e n
investigate other room s t o find
the r i q h t o b J e c t
UPRNING: I f you visit one
r o o m , y o u w Ii I be
depos i t e d back to tne d u n g e o n s !

YOU HflUE NO UEOPON

Some sample screen illustrations from the program, Transyfvanian
tower. Instructions are provided along with graphic displays of some
of the rooms you may visit. Below is a map of your progress around
the Count's tower, but if you encounter the dreaded Count Dracula
you 'd better make sure you're a little more prepared than the unlucky
player who last saw the above on-screen!

r
Yo u r p l a c e
i s shown
by O
The e x i t
i s shown
by X
- i—f- H—f—f
Press "e*" to fire,or"w" (weapon)s

Time Left S seconds

another two minutes plus wait
while the second level maze is
worked out.
You cross level 2 in the
same way as level 1, but this
time you have to cope w i t h the
vampire b a t s . T h e s e l i t t l e
monsters fly randomly around
the ceiling of many of the rooms,
and you either have to kill them
or run away. Linger too long and
the pain in the neck they give
you is fatal! You have a gun to
shoot them with, but only 10
bullets (although you may come
across more scattered in the
maze). When you fire, a rather
messy line is drawn vertically up
the middle of the screen, and
you have to hit the bat w i t h it.
You cannot aim your shot, so
you have to rely on the bat flying
into the right position (or wrong
position from the bat's point of
view).
There are t w o other impor-
tant things concerning bats.
Firstly, you have to kill a certain
number of them before you can
progress to the next level (20 on
the second; 3 0 on the third, and
4 0 on the fourth). Secondly,
their radar system is a bit defec-
tive, so they all carry a floor plan
so that they can find their way
around the castle. This means
that every time you kill a bat, you
have a chance to find out where
you are and where you want to
go.
Also on level 2 and above are
objects which might be of some
use against the bats. There are
eight other items apart from the
ring and sword I mentioned
earlier. There is a cloak that
stops bats attacking, an apple
that will speed you to the next
level, a knife and a dagger, a
floor plan, and finally three items
w i t h o u t w h i c h no v a m p i r e
movie would be complete: a mir-
ror, a clove of garlic and a silver
cross. You can only carry up to
three objects at any one time
though.
Levels 3 and 4 are like level 2,
except that the bats are even
harder to kill. If you reach level 5,
then you get the chance to con-
front Count Dracula himself. On-
ly one of the objects is an effec-
tive weapon against him, and I
never lived long enough to find
out which!
Fangs ain't what
they used to be
Provided you have been playing
t h e game for at least 3 0
minutes, you can save the game
onto tape. The entire 36K of the
program is saved rather than just
the data. After using the SAVE
feature, as soon as the current
game finishes (win or lose) the
program does a NEW and you
have to load from tape to play
again. The same applies to the
game you just saved to tape.
I'm afraid I think that Richard
Shepherd has a rather too high
opinion of his o w n program if he
expects many people to spend 3
minutes loading from tape, then
2 minutes waiting for the game
to set itself up, only to have the
program NEW if the SAVE
feature is used.
Unlike Richard Shepherd's
earlier adventures, Transylva-
nian Tower does not send any
output to the printer. The pro-
g r a m is entirely w r i t t e n in
BASIC, but if you attempt to
break the program, for example,
to dump the floor plan to the
printer, that also causes the pro-
gram to NEW.
This is a reasonable game for
the very patient, but would be
greatly improved if the maze
were set up by machine code.
The graphics are the best so far
from Richard Shepherd, but still
only adequate rather than in-
spired. It also struck me that this
would be a desperately hard
game to win. If you do manage
it, I suggest you treat yourself to
a Bloody Mary!
Trans ylvanian To wer is priced a t
£6.50 from Richard Shepherd
Software, Freepost, Maiden-
head, Berks SL6 5BY.

ZX COMPUTING JUNEj'JULY 1 9 8 3 119

 Spectrum 48k
ACT I ON P A C K E D ARCADE STVl.E
MAKE Y0UK 0 W X TV FILMS!
W.tm L I V E ANIMATION
s F- E C T R LJ r-i & MUSIC
E3 F> E c T R U M
S F" E c T R U l-»
s F» E c R LJ M
s F=> E
T
C7 T R U hi SAVE t h e m . . .
4 AMI/BE FRIENDS AND FAMILY
GAME
W H E N YOU P L A Y T H E M BACK!

flKPIR
MACHO
CONSTRUCTION
00 0 0 0000 00 0 o o o oo o oooo t ANIMATION CASSETTE MCA
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 o 0
0000 0 0 0000 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0000
0 0 0 0 0 0 OD a o o o oo o SPECIAL MACRO-PROGRAMMIKC. TECHNIQUES ALLOW YOll TOs -
o o ooo o oooo o oo a a o o oo oooo
CALL-VP ANY MEMBER OF C A S T . INCLUDING UFO. HELICOPTER

AMD A H 0 » T OF 'PERSONNEL' IN A C H O I C E O f NEARLY JO 'CALLS!

MAKE EACH ANT COLOUR - L A R G E ONES CAN BE I N T W O COLOURS!

This is a O J o ' »tr*t»gy. o< < o ' « « r d p l a n n i n g . I t ( • any to THEY WALK. XL-X. CLIMB L FLY.
play. but d i f f i c u l t to master. K you I l k * a c h l l l m g r yoii - I I ]
1DV# thl». I f y o u » * n t t h e wo«t t r o m y o u r S p t c t r u n a n d youriel 4
BUILD HOUSES, CHURCHES ETC. IN A F L A S H - t ERASE THEM
try to vurvlvif in th» 'dlien . UP TO IS M I N S . PER 'FILM', OR MORE IF YOl'RE A HOOD DIRECTOR
MAKE CHARACTERS 'SPEAK' USING ANNOTATIONS AS I N STRIPS.
FULL COMPUTER-PROMPTING TO SAVE YOU MAKING ERRORS.
SUPERB HI—RES COLOUR G R A P H I C B , INSTANT PLAYBACK, EDITING AND DELETING AS Y O U G O ALONG!
AND E X C E L L E N T SOUND.
MOST COMMANDS ARE A SINGLE KEY-STROKE, WITHOUT 'ESTER'.
ONL, V INC VAT AND R-S<f=-. COMPOSE YOUR OWN T U N E S U S I N G T H E S P E C I A L THHEE-OCTAVE
R E T U R N or P O B T M A I L ORDER 8 E R V I
CHROMATIC MUSIC C O M P O S E R , WHICH ALLOWS YOU T O LISTEN.

CORRECT AND EDIT AT EACH NOTE ... IF YOU .NEED TOt

TO o b t a i n - a l i e n m i n e - SEND C H E Q U E / P 0 ' * to STORE UP TO NINE St-SOTE TUNES TO ' C A L L - U P ' AT ANY TIME
I . E . A P P L I C A T I O N S L T D . ( D E P T ZXC> IN A STORY ... COMPUTER GIVES EACH A NUMBER IN MEMORY.
1 7 7 C A S T L E T 0 N ROAD,
NOTTINGHAM. LONDON. CHANCE TUNES AT ANY TIME. EVEN WHILST MAKING A 'FILM'.
SE9 «0C YOU C A N EVEN ADD P E R S P E C T I V E TO B U I L D I N G S , ROADS ETC.

SPECTRUM PROGRAMS WANTED • ••> HO SPECIAL S K I L L * OH COM PV TER KNOWLEDGE NEEDED . . . A S T IMAGINATION!

«». P I N E H U R S T P A R K .
WEST MOORS, WIMBORNE
D O R S E T . B H 1 I OOP

SPECTRUM ZX81
16/48 16K
AWARI ADVENTURE
* The ancient African game of logic. It takes 2 minutes to * Over 200 places to explore in this machine code game
learn the rules but far longer to master the tactics. using advanced data compression techniques.

+ Select the 'Goat-herd' level of play and it's an addictive
game for children (8+) that exercises their minds-not
their laser fingers.
* Select the 'Witch-doctor' level and it's a threat to your
sanity. We haven't beaten it and we wrote it!
* N o random elements - you will need skill, cunning and a
sense of humour as you explore caves, forest and castles.
* Evade ruthless pursuers and overcome a host of obstacles.
* Multiple word commands and single letter abbreviations!

€1000 II^ PRIZES -

FANTASTIC VOYAGE irk Buy both Awari and Adventure and enter
the 'Foilkade Challenge' competition.
(ZX81 16K ONLY) Details with cassette or send SAE.
This real-time graphics simulation set inside the human
body was written by a lecturer in anatomy. You are injected A L L G A M E S £5.95 E A C H , 2 F O R £9.95,
into the blood stream in your miniature submarine. Navi- 3 F O R £13.95 ( A N Y .MIX) I N C L U S I V E
gate the aneries, veins and heart to the brain, where a blood
clot must be destroyed. Features a real vascular map. You
will be attacked by lymphocytes which must be destroyed FOILKADE LTD
using arcade game type graphics. Everything you do uses DEPT PCT3
up precious energy. Three display formats-a lateral and
66 L I T T L E D E A N , YATE
frontal body scan plus blood vessel name, a close-up scan
and a laser-sight for fighting lymphocytes. BRISTOL BS17 4UQ

)83
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983 120
 July issue on sale at your newsagent from 10th June
Place your order now!

ZX81 HIGH RESOLUTION GRAPHICS

BOARD
User-definable, high resolution graphics for the Sinclair ZX81 computer — without fuss!
This is a simple add-on PCB that plugs into the ZX81 ROM socket; no modifications to the
computer hardware are needed in this project! The ZX HRG is completely software controlled
and allows you to program high resolution graphic characters for, say, a Space Invader game,
graph plotting or anything else.
Software control allows the high resolution characters, once set up, to be saved on cassette then
loaded and re-used at any time, and switching between either HRG user-graphics or the
standard Sinclair character set is easy, under software control. Any single element of an
8x8-prxel character can be individually controlled, giving a screen resolution of 256 x 176,
allowing finely detailed graphics programming
The ZX HRG Board is the first half of a Sinclair Graphics Package. The second project is a
user-programmable joystick controller — the first of its kind! Unlike all others it can be instructed
to operate with any commercially available games program, and will appear in the August
issue of Hobby Electronics A slightly different version for the Sinclair Spectrum will also be out
shortly.

Although the** articles are being prepared for the next Issue, circumstances may alter the final content.

ZX computing software
Typing Traumas?
If you're tired of typing, w h y not Demolition — Break d o w n the Please send me copy(s) Please send me . copylsT]
give your fingers a rest and let oncoming walls w i t h your flying of ZX Games 1. of ZX Utility 1.
ASP Software take the strain. missile — an addictive game for Please send me copy (si
your Spectrum. ofZXGames2.
ZX Games 1 Learner Driver — W a t c h out for I am enclosing my (delete as
necessary)
Spectrum Breakout — You have the lorries and cars as vou cheque/postal order/International
five chances to demolish the manoeuvre your vehicle around Money
multi-coloured wall. the roads. Order for E
ZX Utility 1 (Made payable to ASP Ltd)
Defending Your Spectrum — OR
Defend the Earth f r o m the in- Spectramon — A Spectrum Debit my Aceess/sarclaycard *
vading aliens. monitor for the 4 8 K Spectrum. (* delete as necessary)
This program will print or display
Drainpipes — A Spectrum adap-
tation of the classic mechanical
the contents of ROM or RAM in
numeric, character or assembly
J L
arcade game. Please use BLOCK CAPITALS and include post codes.
language form.
Spectrum Maze — All y o u have
to do is to get out of the maze as Each tape is n o w available N A M E (Mr/Ms) . .
quickly as you can. Sounds at £ 5 . 9 9 each inclusive of V A T
easy... and postage and packing. To ob- ADDRESS
tain one of these tapes, simply
zx Games 2 fill in the form and return it to the POSTCODE
following address:
Leprechaun's Gold — an ASP Software, Signature
exciting maze game in w h i c h ASP Ltd,

LDate
you have to find the gold before 1 4 5 Charing Cross Road,
the Green Goblin finds you! London W C 2 H OEE.

ZX COMPUTING JUNEj'JULY 1 9 8 3 121

 Dice with death in this program for your 16K
ZX81, courtesy of Mr T Jane of Crossways.

IJ
fi '/ v It ? i
/ M

How do you fancy your chances
of making a death defying leap,
Evel Kneival style?
On RUNning the program,
you are first asked if you would
like to see instructions on how to
play the game. Once you are
ready to roll, the computer sets
up a ramp (comprising a ' / '
f o l l o w e d by a G r a p h i c s 5
)83
character) followed by a number
of obstacles (made up from ' $ '
signs).
Over the top
You are then invited to select the
speed at which you wish to at-
tempt the jump off the ramp.
Once the speed has been input,
the bike' is seen to rev up and
then speed up the ramp, make a
graceful leap (in the form of a
p a r a b o l i c c u r v e ) and land.
Hopefully, you will have chosen
a speed suitable to ensure that
you get your bike over the
obstacles.
To make life more deman-
ding, there is also a safety wall
just beyond the end of the
obstacles and the 'bike' must
land before it.
Full on-screen scoring of suc-
cessful jumps and crashes is
given, and after 10 jumps the
Z X 8 1 delivers a scathing report
a s s e s s i n g y o u r s k i l l as a
daredevil motor bike rider.
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983 122
 ZX81 CAME
2017 I F U <20 THEN PRUSE 1O0
2016 I F U <20 THEN GOTO 2 0 0 5
202© LET U = ( U + 1 0 0 O ) / 3 6 0 0
2030 LET R = 9 0 / 1 C 0 » P I
204.0 L E T S = I N T ( ( (U**2I + S I N (ft) >
s S
SOB0. 6 1 ?
RETURN
M
5 F M B B B M a a
3 0 0 5 CL
3010 PRINT "
3016 PRINT
3020 PRINT "YOU ARE GOING TO PEP
FORM"
303© PRINT "R DERTH DEFYING LEAP
OKI O •'
W i . . .
3 0 4 0 PRINT "MOTORBIKE OUER R "
3 0 5 0 PRINT " S E T OF O B S T A C L E S . T H E
RE I S R "
P
R I N T RAMP MRRKED , RND T
HE O B S T A C L E S "
3 0 7 0 P R I N T ARE I N D I C A T E D B Y " $ "
1 P R I N T "DO VOU WRNT INSTRUCT
IONS? I Y / N J " 3360 PRINT
2 INPUT R $ PRINT
3 0 9 0 "YOU C A N S E L E C T ANY 5
IP THEN GOTO 3 0 0 0 PEED UP"
4 IF flS<>"N" THEN GOTO 2 3100 PRINT "TO 8 0 M P H , B U T B E U A R E
5 LET CR =0 IF"
6 LET S R = 0 3 1 1 0 P R I N T "YOU UUMP T O O F A R Y O U
7 CLS U ' I L L "
9 P R I N T RT 0 312©"PRINT " C R A S H INTO T H E S A F E T
10 P R I N T RT 3 ; CR;
Y W A L L . "
RT 3 , 1 7 ; " : " * SR 3 1 2 5 P R I N T "YOU U I L L NOT MAKE I T
12 I F C R + S B = 1 0 T H E N ' G O T O 4 0 0 0 UP THE " , " R R M P I F YOU GO L E S S T
14 F O P H = 0 T O 3 1 HRN 2 0 MPH"
15 P R I N T RT 1 7 . N ; " * ® " 3130 PRINT
2© NEXT N 3 1 3 1 P R I N T "YOU U I L L GET 10 A T T E
30 LET X = I N T ( RND + 1 8 ) +5 M P T 5 . "
40 P R I N T RT 16 . 5 ; * / I : RT 1 6 . 0 ; 3132 PRINT "GOOD LUCK."
3133 PRINT
4.5 FOR N ="7 T O 3 0 - X 3140 PRINT
50 P R I N T RT 16 > N ; s a m p
55 NEXT N 3 1 5 0 INPUT 1 $
56 L E T K =( H + 4 ) * 2 3 1 6 © GOTO 5
57 PLOT K , 10 4-000 REM L
58 PLOT K , 11 4.010 P R I N T
60 GOSUB 2000 " • RT 7 , 7 ; "1
70 FOR H - 1 T O 2 0 4 0 1 5 PAUSE
30 P R I N T RT 1 5 , 0 ; _ _ _ _ 4 0 2 0 I F SA < = 1 THEN P R I N T AT 9=0-:
90 PR1II N T RT 1 5 . 0 ; " BR RR H " "YOU ARE R DANGER TO S O C I E T Y DN
103 H :XT M R BIKE"
I I S P R I N T RT 15 . 0 ; " 4 0 2 5 I F SA =2 THEN P R I N T RT 9 . 0 ; "
1000 FOR = 1 TO 9 COME ON NOW.YOU CRN DO BETTER
101G PLOT X , l © THAN T H A T . "
1020 UNPLOT X , 1 0 4 0 3 0 I F SR =3 THEN P R I N T AT 9 , 0 ; "
1030 NEXT X VOU HflUE A LONG WAY TO GO B U T " , "
1050 FOP. R = 1 TO o THE CROUD APPLAUD YOU F O R " . " T R Y I
1060 LET B ssR *P I S5 NG . "
1070 PLOT fl+11,S I N ( B) * 2 0 + 10 4 0 3 5 I F 5fl=4 THEN P R I N T AT S.-.0; "
1030 UNPLOT fl+11 , S I N (B)+20+10 NOT BRD BUT NOBODY URNTS YOUR" "
1090 NEXT R AUTOGRAPH Y E T . "
1095 PLOT fl+11,5 I N < B) +20 + 10 4 0 4 0 I F SA =5 THEN P R I N T AT 9 . 0 ; "
1100 I F R + l l > N * 2 RND R + l l <K T H E N COMING O N . T H E CROUD L I K E D YOUR"..
PRINT RT 2 1 , 2 0 ; "STYLE."
1135 I F R + l l > N * 2 AND R + l l < K T H E N 4 0 4 5 I F SR =6 THEN P R I N T ftT 9 , 0 ; "
LET SR =Sfl + 1 PRETTY GOOD. YOU,. L L MAKE TMtL
1106 I F R + l l > N + 2 AND A + l l - . K THEM TOP ET ""
PRUSE 1 5 0 <1050 I F " S A = 7 TMEN P R I N T RT 9 , 0 , "
1110 I F A + 1 1 > N * 2 RND A + l l c K T H E N UERY S K I L L F U L , T H E FANS LOUE Y O U "
GOTO 7 4 0 5 5 I F SR =8 THEN P R I N T RT 9 . 0 : "
1120 P R I N T RT 2 1 , 2 0 ; " E X C E L L E N T R I D I N G , UELL DONE YOU"..
"ARE I N THE T O P TEN R I D E R S . "
1130 LET C R = C R + 1 4 0 6 3 I F SR =9 THEN P R I N T AT 9 , 0 ; "
1135 PAUSE 1 5 0 SUPERB R I D I N G . YOU ARE A H E R O . "
1140 GOTO 7 4 0 6 5 I F SR = 1 0 THEN P R I N T A T 9.. O :
^ 0 0 " ABSOLUTELY O U T S T R N D I N G . YOU".. " R
2005 P R I N T RT 2 1 , 0 ; " S E L E C T SPEED 407 " ™ I ™ f l T 1 2 , 0.: "ANOTHER GAME
(20 - 6 0 M P H ) " (Y/N; 7 "
2010 INPUT U 4 0 7 5 I F I N K E Y $ = " " THEN GOTO 4 0 7 5
2 0 1 1 P R I N T RT 2 1 , 0 ; U ; " MPH 4 0 7 6 I F I N K E Y $ = " Y " THEN GOTO 5
4 0 3 0 I F I N KEY £ < > " N" THEN GOTO 4 S
* »

2315 I F (J > 8 0 THEN L E T U = S 0 75

2016 I F U < 2 0 THEN P R I N T RT 2 1 , 0 ; 190 P R I N T RT 1 7 , 8 . ;

ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1 9 8 3 123

 \
16K ZX81
MANAGEMENT GAMES Spectrum
DALLAS AIRLINE
A game ol oil exploration and exploitation in Can you compete with British Aif,vays'> You
Texas Deos-ons requimri on purchasing most tx*ctrt« on tno number of aircralt lo
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ngs and the building ol platforms and pipelines levels ol staflmg and maintenance Problems
Can you take-over the Ewmg Empire, or wi'i ycu encountered are tax demands strikes,
tie lafcen-over in the atlempt' cancelled flights, hijacks and aircraft crashes

AUTOCHEF PRINT SHOP

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you must predict the inflation rate You will be
made lo resign if you ate not successful There
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You own a small printing company and are
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#
3 scales of drfticulty

FARMER a simulation ol r,inning i large W'.-at (arm Deos on-- art-

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EXCTLLENT ROYALTIES
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)83
Z X C O M P U T I N G J U N E / J U L Y 1983 124
 SPECIFICATIONS
MACHINE
SPECIFICATIONS
ZX80
Dimensions
Width 174mm (6.85 in)
Depth 2 1 8 m m (8.58 in)
Height 38 m m (1. 5 in )
Weight 300g (10.5oz)
Microprocessor/Memory
Z80A 3.25 MHz clock
ROM; 4K bytes containing BASIC
RAM: 1K bytes internal, externally expandable to 16K bytes.
Display
Requires an ordinary domestic black and white colour T V . The
lead supplied connects between the Z X 8 0 and your T V ' s aerial
socket. The display organisation is 24 lines of 32 characters
per line showing black characters on a white screen. The Z X 8 0
does not connect t o a printer.
Programming
Programs can be entered on the keyboard or loaded f r o m
cassette. The Z X 8 0 has automatic " w r a p r o u n d " so lines of
program can be any length but not multi-statement lines.
Syntax check
The syntax of the entered line is checked character by char-
acter. A syntax error cursor marks the first place the syntax
breaks down if there is an error. Once any errors have been
edited out the syntax error cursor disappears. Only syntax
error-free lines of code are accepted by the Z X 8 0 .
Graphics
Total of 22 graphics symbols giving 4 8 x 64 pixels resolution
consisting of 10 symbols plus space and inverses. Includes
symbols for drawing bar charts. Under control of your BASIC
program any character can be printed in reverse field.
Editing
The line edit allows you to edit any line of program or input
including statement numbers. The edit and cursor control
keys are EDIT, R U B O U T , HOME.
Arithmetic
Arithmetic operators +,—,x, 4- exponentiate. Relational oper-
ators < , > , = , yielding 0 or - 1. Logical operators A N D OR
NOT yielding boolean result. Relational operators also apply to
strings. Z X 8 0 BASIC uses 16 bit two's complement
arithmetic ( t 32767 >.
Variables
Numeric variable names may be any length, must begin w i t h a
letter and consist of alphanumerics. Every character in the name
is compared thus an i n f i n i t y of unique names is available.
String variables may be assigned t o or f r o m , shortened but not
concatenated. String variable names are AS - ZS. Strings d o not
require a dimension statement and can be any length.
Arrays have a m a x i m u m dimension of 255 (256 elements) each.
Array names consist of a single letter A—Z.
Control variable names in FOR. . . N E X T loops consist of a
single letter A - Z .
Expression evaluator
The full expression evaluator is called whenever a constant or
variable is encountered during program execution. This allows
you to use expressions in place of constants especially useful in
GOTOs, GOSUBs, FOR. . . N E X T etc.
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983
Immediate mode
The Z X 8 0 will f u n c t i o n in the "calculator m o d e " by immed-
iately executing a statement if it is not preceded w i t h a line
number.
Cassette interface
Works w i t h most domestic cassette recorders. The transfer rate
is 250 baud using a unique tape-recording format. Other
systems are not compatible w i t h the ZX80's. The Z X 8 0 also
SAVEs the variables as well as the program on cassette. There-
fore you can save the data for updating next time the program
is executed. The Z X 8 0 does not support separate data files. The
lead supplied w i t h the Z X 8 0 is f i t t e d w i t h 3 . 5 m m jack plugs.
Expansion bus
At the rear has 8 data, 16 address, 13 control lines f r o m the
processor and Ov, 5v, 9-11v, 0 and internal memory control
line. These signals enable you to interface the Z X 8 0 t o your
o w n electronics, PIO, CTC, SIO if you want I/O ports etc.
Power supply
The Z X 8 0 requires approximately 4 0 0 m A f r o m 7 - 1 1 v DC. It
has its own internal 5v regulator.
T V standard
The Z X 8 0 is designed t o work w i t h UHF TVs (channel 36)and
is the version required for use in the United Kingdom. The
Z X 8 0 USA is designed t o w o r k w i t h a V H F T V ( A m e r i c a n
channel 2. European channel 3) and is the version required for
the American T V system, also for countries w i t h o u t U H F .
ZX81
Dimensions
Width 167mm (6.32 in)
Depth 175mm (6.80 in)
Height 40 mm (1.57 in)
Weight 350 gms (12.15 oz)
Microprocessor/Memory
Z 8 0 A 3.25 MHz clock
ROM: Containing 8K BASIC interpreter
R A M : 1K bytes internal, externally expandable to 16K bytes.
Keyboard
40 key touch-sensitive membrane. Using function mode and
single press key-word system, this gives the equivalent of 91
keys and also graphics mode allows an additional 20 graphical
and 54 inverse video characters to be entered directly.
Display
Requires an ordinary domestic black and w h i t e or colour T V .
The aerial lead supplied connects the Z X 8 1 to the TV aerial
socket. The display is organised as 24 lines of 32 characters
w i t h black characters on a w h i t e background.
Two mode speeds
The Z X 8 1 can operate in two software selectable modes - FAST
and N O R M A L . FAST is ideal for really high-speed computing
In N O R M A L mode however the Z X 8 1 allows continuously
moving, flicker-free animated displays
Printer
The 8K ROM will permit instructions ( L P R I N T , L L I S T and
COPY) t o drive the Sinclair ZX Printer
Programming
Programs can be entered via the keyboard or loaded f r o m cass-
ette. Programs and data can be saved o n t o cassette so that they
125
 SPECIFICATIONS

are not lost when the Z X 8 1 is turned o f f . Arrays

Syntax check
The syntax of a line of program is checked on entry. A syntax Arrays may be m u l t i dimensional w i t h subscripts starting at 1.
error cursor marks the first place the syntax breaks d o w n if
there is an error. The syntax error cursor disappears when errors Expression evaluator
have been corrected. Only lines free f r o m syntax errors will be The full expression evaluator is called whenever an expression,
entered into the program. constant or variable is encountered during program execution.
Graphics This powerful feature allows use of expressions in place of
Apart from the 20 graphics characters, space and its inverse, the constants antl is especially useful in GOTO, GOSUB etc.
display may also be divided into 64 x 44 pixels, each of which Command mode
may be 'blacked' in or ' w h i t e d ' out under program control. The Z X 8 1 will execute statements immediately, enabling it to
Editing perform like a calculator.
A line editor allows y o u to edit any tine of program or input, Cassette interface
including program line numbeis. Lines may be deleted, in- Works using domestic cassette recorders. The transfer rate is
creased or decreased in size. 250 baud and uses a unique recording format not compatible
Arithmetic w i t h other systems. The Z X 8 1 will save the data as well as
Arithmetic operators +, —, x, , exponentiate. Relational oper the program to avoid the need to re-enter the data when the
ators =, < > , > , < , < =, •=, may compare string and arithmetic program is next loaded.,
variables to yeild 0 (False) or 1(True). Logical operators A N D , ZX81 will search through a tape for the required program).
OR, NOT yield boolean results. The cassette leads supplied have 3.5 m m jack plugs.
Floating-point numbers Expansion port
Numbers are stored in 5 bytes in floating-point binary form At the rear, this has the full data, address and control buses
giving a range of i 3 x 10 " " t o + 7 x 10 " a c c u r a t e to 9V> from the Z 8 0 A CPU as well as O V , +5V, + 9 V . 0 and the mem
decimal digits. ory select lines. These signals enable you to interface the Z X 8 1
Scientific functions to the Sinclair 16K R A M pack and Z X printer.
Natural logs/antilogs; SIN, COS, T A N and their inverses;SQR; Power supply
e*. The Z X 8 1 requires approximately 4 2 0 m A at 7 11V DC. It has
Variables its own internal 5V regulator. The ready assembled Z X 8 1 comes
Numerical: any letter followed by alphanumerics complete w i t h a power supply. The Z X 8 1 kit does not include
String: A i to 21 a power supply.
FOR N E X T loops: A - Z (loops may be nested to any T V standard
depth. The Z X 8 1 is designed to w o r k w i t h UHF TVs (channel 36) 625
Numerical arrays: A-Z lines.
String arrays: A* to Zt

ZX SPECTRUM
Dimensions
Width 2 3 3 mm
Depth 1 4 4 m m
Height 3 0 m m
CPU/Memory
Z 8 0 A microprocessor running at 3 . 5 MHz. 16K-byte ROM con-
taining BASIC interpreter and operating system.
16K-byte RAM (plus optional 32K-byte RAM on internal expan-
sion board) or 4 8 K - b y t e RAM.
Keyboard
40-key keyboard w i t h upper and lower case w i t h capitals lock
feature. All BASIC words obtained by single keys, plus 16 graphics
characters, 2 2 colour control codes and 21 user-definable
graphics characters. All keys have auto repeat.
Display
Memory-mapped display of 2 5 6 pixels x 1 9 2 pixels; plus one at-
tributes byte per character square, defining one of eight
foreground colours, one of eight background colours, normal or ex-
tra brightness and flashing or steady. Screen border colour also
settable to one of eight colours. Will drive a PAL UHF colour TV set,
or black and white set (which will give a scale of grey), on channel
36.
graphics characters. Also functions to yield character at a given
position, attribute at a given position (colours, brightness and
flash) and whether a given pixel is set. Text may be written on the
screen on 2 4 lines of 3 2 characters. Text and graphics may be
freely mixed.
Colours
Foreground and background colours, brightness and flashing are
set by BASIC INK, PAPER, BRIGHT and FLASH commands. OVER
may also be set, which performs an exclusive — or operation to
overwrite any printing or plotting that is already on the screen. IN-
VERSE will give inverse video printing. These six commands may
be set globally to cover all further PRINT, PLOT, DRAW or CIRCLE
commands, or locally within these commands to cover only the
results of that command. They may also be set locally to cover text
printed by an INPUT statement. Colour-control codes, which may
be accessed from the keyboard, may be inserted into text or pro-
gram listing, and w h e n displayed will override the globally set col-
ours until another control code is encountered. Brightness and
flashing codes may be inserted into program or text, similarly.
Colour-control codes in a program listing have no effect on its ex-
ecution. Border colour is set by a BORDER command. The eight
colours available are black, blue, red, magneta, green, cyan,
yellow and white. All eight colours may be present on the screen at
once, w i t h some areas flashing and others steady, and any area
may be highlighted extra bright.

Sound
Internal loudspeaker can be operated over more than 10 octaves
(actually 1 3 0 semitones) via basic BEEP command. Jack sockets
at the rear of computer allow connections to external amplifier/
speaker.
Graphics
Point, line, circle and arc drawing commands in high-resolution
graphics,
16 pre-defined graphics characters plus 2 1 user-definable
Screen
The screen is divided into t w o sections. The top section — normal-
ly t h ^ i r s t 22 lines - displays the program listing or the results of
p r o g i r n or command execution. The bottom section — normally
the last 2 lines — shows the command or program line currently be-
ing entered, or the program line currently being edited. It also
shows the report messages. Full editing facilities of cursor left,
cursor right, insert and delete (with auto-repeat facility) are
available over this line. The bottom section will expand to accept a
current line of up to 2 2 lines.

126 ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983

 Mathematical Operations And Functions
Arithmetic operations of + , - , x , + , and raise to a power.
Mathematical functions of sine, cosine, tangent and their inverses;
natural logs and exponentials; sign function, absolute value func-
tion, and integer function; square root function, random number
generation, and pi.
Numbers are stored as five bytes of floating point binary — giving a
range of + 3 x 10 3 9 to + 7 x 1 0 3 8 accurate to 9 '/a decimal digits.
Binary numbers may be entered directly w i t h the BIN function. = ,
> , < , > = , < = and < > may be used to compare string or
arithmetic values or variables to yield 0 (false) or 1 (true). Logical
operators AND, OR and NOT yield boolean results but will accept 0
(false) and any number (true).
User-definable functions are defined using DEF FN, and called us-
ing FN. They may take up to 2 6 numeric and 2 6 string arguments,
and may yield string or numeric results.
There is a full D A T A mechanism, using the commands READ,
DATA and RESTORE.
A real-time clock is obtainable.
String Operations And Functions
Strings can be concatenated w i t h + . String variables or values
may be compared w i t h = , > , < , > = , < = , < > to give boolean
results. String functions are VAL, V A L $ , STR$ and LEN. CHR$
and CODE convert numbers to characters and vice versa, using the
ASCII code. A string slicing mechanism exists, using the f o r m a $ (x
TOyl.
Variable Names
Numeric — any string starting w i t h a letter (upper and lower case
are not distinguished between, and spaces are ignored).
String - AS t o Z $ .
FOR-NEXT loops - A-Z,
Numeric arrays — A-Z.
String arrays — A $ t o Z $.
Simple variables and arrays w i t h the same name are allowed and
distinguished between.
Arrays
• Arrays may be multi-dimensional, w i t h subscripts starting at 1.
String arrays, technically character arrays, may have their last
subscript omitted, yielding a string.
ZX COMPUTING JUNE/JULY 1983
Expression Evalustor
A full expression evaluator is called during program execution
whenever an expression, constant or variable is encountered. This
allows the use of expressions as arguments to GOTO, GOSUB,
etc.
It also operates on commands allowing the ZX Spectrum to
operate as a calculator.
Cassette Interface
A tone leader is recorded before the information to overcome the
automatic recording level fluctuations of some tape recorders, and
a Schmitt trigger is used to remove noise on playback.
All saved information is started w i t h a header containing informa-
tion as to its type, title, length and address information. Program,
screens, blocks of memory, string and character arrays may all be
saved separately.
Programs, blocks of memory and arrays may be verified after sav-
ing.
Programs and arrays may be merged f r o m tape to combine them
w i t h the existing contents of memory. Where t w o line numbers or
variables names coincide, the old one is overwritten.
Programs may be saved w i t h a line number, where execution will
start immediately on loading.
The cassette interface runs at 1 5 0 0 baud, through t w o 3 . 5 mm
jack plugs.
Expansion Port
This has the full data, address and control busses from the Z 8 0 A ,
and isused tointerface to the ZX Printer, the R S 2 3 2 and NET inter-
faces and the ZX Microdrives. IN and OUT commands give the I/O
port equivalents of PEEK and POKE.
Z X 8 1 Compatibility
Z X 8 1 BASIC is essentially a subset of ZX Spectrum BASIC. The
differences are as follows.
FAST and SLOW: the ZX Spectrum operates at the speed of the
Z X 8 1 in FAST mode w i t h the steady display of SLOW mode, and
does not include these commands.
SCROLL: the ZX Spectrum scrolls automatically, asking the
operator " s c r o l l ? " every time a screen is filled.
UNPLOT: the ZX Spectrum can unplot a pixel using PLOT OVER,
and thus achieves unplot.
Character set: the ZX Spectrum uses the ASCII character set, as
opposed to the Z X 8 1 non-standard set.
.,127
 mTWA The affordable FO
Q
F O R T H : A full implementation ot this very last running
language Ideal for writing last moving arcade type games

¥%
Allows the full colour and sound facilities of the Spectrum
to be used. Fulure Microdrive enhancements will be made
available 48K Spectrum only

C H E S S 1,4: ! 0 Levels m.'c Graphic screen display

16K ZX81 only

I N V A D E R S : Very fast m / c action Includes mystery

ship and increasingly difficult screens 16K 2X81 only.

MAZEMAN: A
produces the spirit of the original The Spectrum
version includes excellent graphics and sound
16K ZX81 & 1 6 / 4 8 K Spectrum

A D V E N T U R E 1: Based on the original game

by Crowther, this game was the start ol the
Adventure craze Reviewed Sinclair User.lss.2
Features Save Game routine as the g a m e can
literally take months lo complete 16K ZX81 &
48K Spectrum
ZX81
6.95
•M
ABERSOFT
7 MAES AFALLEN. BOW S I DYFED.SY24 5BA

(HniUrrsttp &ofttoare
LIBRARY OF A D V A N C E D M A T H / S T A T / E C O N
TAPE 1: M A T R I X O P E R A T I O N S S P E C T R U M £6.95 ZX81 £5 95
ADVERTISERS INDEX
S i d * A: inversion, --'jiiiphcation. addition, subtraction and v a'ar multiplicatioo ol
matrices a i * j vectors *ilh.n one single program Any output can in turn be usod as the
>npjl ot l i e next operation withoul re typing Capacity (nool rows * no of columns) t6K
25x25 t6K Spectrum 17x17 48k S p e c t r a 48.-48 ABERSOFT 12*
Side 6 Oeterm nan!s ot sguare matrices ADAPTORS & ELIMINATORS 124
TAPE 2: P O L Y N O M I A L S S P E C T R U M £6 95 2 X 8 1 £5.95 ARTIC C O M P U T I N G 81
ADDICTIVE GAMES 53
Sid* A: incudes •:..irlr.it < equations las degree ? p.: yno-" si and Nfwi. • Hapnson A D R I A N G FOSBERRY 53
and hatt-interval search met nods lor higher dcgr«> polynomials Computes the roots with A N A L O G U E I N F O R M A T I O N SYSTEMS 12
8 d^j'is ot precision BASICARE 84
Side B. You can plot po v" >mia s k j r v • tervai and examine inpir rooK ^ilremum BI-PAK 12
points BUFFER M I C R O S H O P 12
CCS 124
TAPE 3: I N T E G R A T I O N S P E C T R U M £6.95 ZX81 £5.95
CAMPBELL S Y S T E M S 51
Sld* A: Irvegiiition ol (unctions Oy Simpson dnd trape/Oidai • A'socompules the
CALPAC COMPUTER SOFTWARE 108
a-«;a enc osed By two fun; Hons COMPUTER ADD-ONS 35
Sld* B: "lot ot inregfais integrator can Do vi^yjlisoo on Ihp s< -'ton EAST L O N D O N R O B O T I C S IFC
TAPE 4: R E G R E S S I O N S P E C T R U M £7.95 ZX81 £6.95 FILE SIXTY 19
FULCRUM PRODUCTS 6
Sld* A: A highly o e v oped jit vanaV regression p-ngrii— 'v ng Log/Ln Option on FOILKAOE 120
each variable (thus allowing exponential and geometric regressions) R'. corrected R-'
H I L T O N C O M P U T E R SERVICES 6
standard errors 1-statistics F statistic degrees oi freedom Durbm-Watson statute 99
HEWSON CONSULTANTS
nierpolation Capacity (no of variables x no ol observations) 16K ^X8I 2x500. 5x250.
10x140 t6K So-'Ctrum 2x200 5 * ! 0 0 10*50 48K Spectrum 2xt800 5x900 10*500
HOLLY P R O D U C T S 52
Sld* 8: Plot Ot btvanate regressions You can st?e how yoi* Computer draws a best W t n j
I. E. A P P L I C A T I O N S 120
KUMA C O M P U T E R S 53
line on a set of numoered data points
MICROPOWER 115
TAPE 5(a): LINEAR P R O G R A M M I N G S P E C T R U M £7.95 2X81 £6.95 MOVIEDROME VIDEO 51
MEMOTECH 72-73
Sld* A: A use' t' endly oplirn -,alion program capatye oi hand' -<g al sorts of linear MICROGAME SIMULATION 24
p r o g r a m m i n g p i o b l e m s l a n y c o m b i n a t i o n o l < . " • > . constraints and MICROSPHERE 51
x, > . * | < 0 , - o < «i < • sign constraints) Features the cannomcalequivalent ol the pnmal MICROGEN 24
values ot slack variables and me dual Capacity (no of variables » no ot constraints). 16K NOTTINGDALE TECHNOLOGY 3
ZX81 tOx23 15x20 20x15. t6K spectrum 10x10 46K Spectrum 10x50)25x40.50x30 PRINT « PLOTTER 67
Side 6' S o M w i ol s " jitaneoos equal, v.- P I N E H U R S T DATA S T U D I O S 120
PETER F U R L O N G P R O D U C T S . 53
TAPE 5(b): P R O F E S S I O N A L LINEAR P R O G R A M M I N G £14.95
QUICKSILVA OBC
Avambie for 16K 2X81 and 48K Spectrum «vitn above features plus savedata and RICHARD SHEPHERD 77
cnange dala lao.-:es Any single data eniry can be changed -n order to observe its SOFTEACH 6
«ttect on [he solution SIRIUS S T A R L I G H T L O G I C .3
SINCLAIR R E S E A R C H 68-69
• All inclusive prices for the UK • THE SOFTWARE FARM 24 A 108
SOFTWARE BANK 00
• Tapes 1-5(a) Spectrum £35 ZX81 £30 SPARTAN SOFTWARE 115
UNIVERSITY S O F T W A R E 128
Cheques payable to: U.T.S .51
V « H C O M P U T E R SERVICES 3

UNIVERSITY SOFTWARE J O H N WILEY « S O N S 80

29 St. Peter's Street, London N1 8JP.

)83
ZX C O M P U T I N G J U N E / J U L Y 1983 128

Lineage: 35p per word.
Semi display: £8.00 per single c o l u m n centimetre
Ring for i n f o r m a t i o n on series bookings/discounts.
All a d v e r t i s e m e n t s in this s e c t i o n must be prepaid
Advertisements are accepted subject to the terms and conditions
printed on the advertisement rate card (available on request).
SOFTWARE EDUCATIONAL
Real Educational Software tor the
Spectrum
INKOSI — adventure/simulation
Be an African King' £5.95
INVISIBLE MAN - Co-ordinates
compass points £5.95
PUNC-MAN — ne gobbles the
punctuation marks'
•kaM*
Send SAE to CHALKSOFT, Lowmoor
Cottage, Tonedale. Wellington.
Sometset TA21 0AL. Tel: 082 347 7117
TEACH YOUR CHILD
10 T E L L T H E T I M E
and C O U N T MONEY
Two Fun Graphics
Programs for
Spectrum (16K)
on one cassette for
£5.50 inc p&p from
POPPY P R O G R A M S ,
Richmond House, Ingleton,
Carnforlh LA6 3AN.
JUNIOR S C H O O L T U T O R
16K Spectrum
Fun for an ages from 4-44 years
| FANTASTIC VALUE FOR MONEY!! )
7 Educational and stimulating programs
on one cassette
• Arithmetic - 6 lev&s ot play
• Drawing • Spelling * M u t l c Teacher
• Number* • Snap • Keyboard Trainer
W«ien by teachers Suitable home or scnooi
ALL 7 PROGRAMS FOR JUST £4.»5!
Send cheque or PO to
ESSEX S O F T W A R E
ISHuntsman* Drive, Upmlmter. Essex
SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS
SPY CASSETTE. Amazing cas-
selte will allow you to stop, list or
copy any previously unstoppable
tape includes two free utilities.
Stale if for ZX81 or Spectrum. Send
just £3. Bobker, 29 Chadderton
Drive, Unsworth, Bury, Lanes
ZX81-16K Adult users only Free
complete p e r s o n a l f i n a n c i a l
analysis progran Telephone
Upper W a r h n g h a m 2280
(Ansaphone)
ZX Money Programs quickly and
concisely calculates Savings,
Pensions. Credit energy in ZX
Basic Send C2 00 ZX Money. 28
Leygreen Close, Luton LU2 L0Q i
ZX C O M P U T I N G JUNEj'JULY 1983
ZX C O M P U T I N G
F\ 1 01-437 1002
WANTED: Freelance program-
mers to convert existing BBC solt-
ware to Spectrum Good rates ot
pay
WANTED Quality educational
software We publish you get the
royalties
Advertise your
Educational Software
In ZX COMPUTING for
the best results.
ASP CLASSIFIED
01-437 1002 Ext. 282
PHYSICS
G . C . E . 'O' L E V E L
A.E.8. S Y L L A B U S 052 1983/4
16/48K S P E C T R U M
COMPREHENSIVE
EXAMINATION REVISION
INCLUDING TUITION
£22
Program and details from
H O M E S T U D Y LTD.
T R E L E I G H W O O D S FARM
REDRUTH, CORNWALL.
FIREWORK MUSIC
An educational game tor itte 16K or 40K
Spectrum designed to develop speed in
mus>c reading Players learn to read notes
m the nebie and the base ciet while they
enjoy an attractive game with colour
graphics and sound There are tirewor*
3:50lays as rewards but your firework is
blown up by tailing sparks <t you rs too
Slow Pace increases win score lo
encourage qu<k reaong ideal tor ho^c
or school use by music beginners 2
programs on cassette lot 16K or 48K
Speclrum<or a similar 18K ZX8I version!
cost only £5.00 Aiso ava table 3 U^sic
Education Software casseltes lor I6K
ZX81 IUSI £12.00
SOFTWARE COTTAGE
19 Westfield Drive,
Loughborough,
Lelcs LE11 3 0 J .
EXT 282
Send your requirements to:
SALLY COLLINS
ASP LTD, 145 Charing Cross Road,
London WC2H 0EE.
Keep the Bank Manager al bay
with . . . Homac
ZX Home Accounting System
— Dalabase of up to 1,000 records
Spectrum 3 000 (or boo*-keeping and
financai forecasting
— Fasl data entry
— Manages most accounts, band, credit
card cash, savings standing orders
direct debits etc
— Predicts credit card bills
— Up to 94 account headings covering
an o«ghteen month penod i Spectrum
30 months) with annual carry lorward
— Pmted or displayed summaries and
statements lor any account CH period
— Spectrum version provides lor up lo
twenty currencies or individuals ZX8I
I0« any single currency only
HOMAC £8.95
Please state if ZX81 (16K) or
Spectrum (48K) version is re-
quired, Prices include cass-
ettes and instructions Post and
packing £1.05
David Martin Associates
71A Prince* Road. Richmond.
Surrey TW10 6DO.
Telephone: 01-948 1053
SPECTRUM
GRAPH PLOTTER
Draws pie-charts, bar-charts,
line plots and scatter diagrams.
Fits I6K. Tape of five routines
and five demonstrations, in-
cluding instructions £5 or
SAE for details
TopGraph Software
106 BlundeK Road. Luton,
Bedfordshire LU31 ISP.
SOFTWARE
GAMES
SPECTRUM GOLF
The ORIGINAL GOB game tor the Spec-
trum Different course every game Colour
plan o( each note showing an obstacles
Scoring routines recognue birdies and
eagles Dramatic display lor a ho*e m one
interesting lor goll tans —
Sinclair User Feb. »3.
Attractive and lun to play —
Home Computing Weekly 5/4/83
Tee OH today lor £ 3 M Cassette (16/48K |
with instructions Irom
B.S. McALLEY. 1 COWLEAZE.
CHINNOR. OXON.
SUPERB 3D strategy game,
extremely challenging machine
coded (16/48K Spectrum),
bargain C4 95. SupetsoH. 91 Manor
Road. London £17.
V A L U E ZX-81 and Spectrum pro-
grams Send SAE to MC Soft 69
Sandfield Road, Oxford OX3 7RW
today.
APY C A S S E T T E . Amazing cas-
sette will allow you to stop, list or
copy any previously unstoppable
tape Inclues two free utilities State
if for ZX81 or Spectrum. Send jus)
£3 Bibker, 29 Chadderton Drive,
Unsworth, Bury, Lanes
WAR OF T H E W O R L D S
ZX Spectrum 16 or 48K
Save your miserable planet but beware of
the dazzling stun rays' Features include
progressive dift cutty nigh score Hall ol
Fame and more
Send a cheque or P O for £4.95 to
OSCAR SYSTEMS. Oepl 2X5.
13 Letchford Terrace. Harrow, Middi
lor this competitive and original game
ZX81 16K MONOPOLY. Very
addictive. Play the computer.
Games last hours. Fast delivery
cassette with instructions only
£4.00. MPT. 42 Raedwald Drive,
Bury St Edmunds. Suffolk.
SELEC SOFTWARE
1K ZX81
Machine Code Programs
Tape 1 Maze Guzzler/Super
Breakout
Tape 2 The Invaders/Time
Bomb
Tape 3 ZX-Panic/ZX-Squash
All programs 100% smooth,
fast action machine code The
best 1K programs available
MORE TITLES COMING SOON
ALL TAPES £3.50 (P&P FREE)
Send for tree catalogue (SAE I or
cheques/POs to
SELEC SOFTWARE
37 Councillor Lane. Cheadle, Cheshire
SERVICES
ZX REPAIR SERVICE
At last no need lo wait for weeks
Send your faulty ZX8I for las' reliable
repa' Wc will repair any ZX81 KIT or
READY BUILT UNIT
ONLY Ct595 tuWy guaranteed •
£1.75 p i p
Please stale I he nature of problem Send
cheque or postal order to
NEXT COMPUTER
SYSTEMS
88 Harvett Road, Englefield
Green, Surrey TW20 0QR.
T - S H I R T S . ZX81. Spectrum
White, blue red. S / M / L / X L C3 25
One per cent screens 12 Star
Lane Estate. Great Wakenng,
Essex
129

ACCESSORIES
""ZX81 VIDSWITCH'"
INVERSE VIDEO MODULE
The Original and still the Best
Sharp white characters on com-
pletely black screen (no border)
Module is built around an ultra-
mmiature toggle switch allowing
switching between modes Fasy-
tJU'ld Kit £3.95 Built £ 4 . 9 5
N E W MINI KEYBOARD N E W
41 real moving keys which give
audible feedback when pressed
Fits in recess left after peeling off
ZX81 touch keyboard
• Plug-in • No soldering * Faster
programming • Two colour legends
• No extra case needed • PCB
finished in matt biac* •
KIT £22.50 B U I L T £29.95
Repeal key similar to Spectrum £6 95
Two Tone keyboard bleeper £8.9S
S P E C T R U M BEEP BOOSTER
Plug-in
Z X 8 1 16K S O F T W A R E
Rescue £4.95
Frogs. £3.95
Asteroids £4.95
Scramble £4.95
1K Games Pack (includes invaders)
SPECTRUM SOFTWARE
Vao WrM It'-'1 iflriprvi 40K,,
S am&ie ' A ' , Spectrum,
Cosmc RjCw. Arw Spectrum i
Many others available SAE lor free
catalogue Cure white outs and top -
line slant and dssoiay |itter with our
Ram Pack sfabiliser (Sinclair) and
Heatsink K • £3.75 All pnces .nclu
sive Overseas orders welcome.
B . A . R E A D E R (Oept c>
45 A l f r e d S l r e e l , K i n g * H e a t h ,
Birmingham B14 7HG.
It's easy to complain
about advertisements.
on posters or in the cinema.
British Code of Advertising Practice and are legal, decent,
honest and truthful.
way, please write to us at the address below.
The Advertising Standards Authority.
N an advertisement is wrong, we're here to put it right.
A.S.A. Ltd., Brook House,Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HN.
)83
ZX81 V I D E O I N V E R T E R saves
your eyes increases safe level,
displays sharp white characters on
ZX Spectrum — CP48
32K Memory Extension
APPOINTMENTS
solid black background Screen kit Gives total of 48K Simply (its
E4. buill £5 includes VAT and P&P internally on series 2 models G O O D ZX S p e c t r u m or V I C Pro-
i n d u c t i o n s . Send c h e q u e / p o s t a l with no soldering Similar to g r a m m e r s ( L o n d o n based) to
order to D Fritsch,6Standon Road. u n d e r t a k e p a i d p r o j e c t s in their
competitors but only £23.95
Thetwall. Warrington. Cheshire o w n t i m e P h o n e 01-747 1373
WA4 2HS. CITADEL PRODUCTS LTD
Dept. ZX. SO High Street. Edgware. (evenings).
Middlesex HAS 7EP Tel: 01-9S1 1MB
ZX80/81 NANOS
"Quick Reference" Cards ZX81 A N D S P E C T R U M SOFTWARE
Why waste time and frustration SPEECH SYNTHESISERS GAMES
struggling with the books'5 This card Completely self contained plug m
has it all "There is nothing like it in modules giving unlimited vocabulary
using ailopnone speecn syntnesis
the world Send £3.50 oer card to
£39.50 aleas»? state ZX8t or Spectrum
E L K A N E L E C T R O N I C S (Oept ZX)
F R E E P O S T , 11 B u r y N e w R o a d .
Dealer enquiries welcome
"" dotty
Preslwich, Manchester M 2 5 6LZ SPIRIT I N S T R U M E N T S FROM
UNIQUE
or Tel: 0 6 1 - 7 9 S 7613 (24 h o u r s ) Station Road. M a l d o n .
Essex.
— other Sinclair Items also
available —
Player* mi* I l**t tb«lt IMflMtio*
£6.95 AGENCIES |u«>**in| it* ie*Mtrjr «t * 4ettp
pietur* at quickly *• they c*r
Pletur** irt at t«n*wi l t «
REQUIRED • wU» ACICCS ton. and m
plotter i* •u*pUerJ, to tha WT
picture
FOR ALL Y O U R .an chm|« putur** >t will-
SotfcyDotty, all will be r c m M
CLASSIFIED NEEDS DJS ENTERPRISES shortly State
for only U.xO to -
»r-•) r ^ u f i / r o ' i
opening retai' Micro Computer imic*.* ocffVTE* SRYXCU
CALL ASP LTD Centre in South West requires Vntt I , It Si tt * ttlM(
-. it A H*r.rh#»t *T HV l¥S
£4.95 additional hardware and software
01-437 1002 agencies. Box Bo ZX213, Argus
Specialist Publications, 145
£i.»5 Charing Cross Road. London WC2
£5.50
£J 9S
0EE RECRUITING?
ADD-ONS
WANTED Call
ZX81 O W N E R S ! Cure your Sin-
clair 16K Ram Pack wobble
Secure method of holding pack
S P E C T R U M high quality pro-
grams wanted urgently Good ASP CLASSIFIED
firmly. Easily added C4.50 (inc.
p&p) Apply F Jones. 24
royalties paid Send cassettes, full
listings and instructions to G - M - J
01-437 1002
Highlands Drive. Burgess Hill. Software, 29 Frenchgate.
Sussex RH15 8JJ Richmond, N Yorkshire
Every week, millions of advertisements appear in the press,
Most of them comply with the rules contained in the
But if you find one that, in your opinion, is wrong in some
V\fe'd like you to help us keep advertising up to standard.
ZX C O M P U T I N G JUNE/JULY 1983 130
 THE REAL
INVESTMENT
I I — B

NEW: WHAT IS SO
THE X-ROMCARD SPECIAL ABOUT
THE
FOR YOUR ZX81 SPECIAL RAMPACK?

• ,

WHAT IS SO SPECIAL ABOUT AUDIO'S I6K SPECIAL RAM PACK? T H E BEST f a W v K A N T E E

T H A T Y O U R ZX81 W O N T BE
T H E S P E C I A L R A M PACK I 6 K ) » the l a « t i design ol its kind, following at I r a n j dozen similar products 1) has maflV of
l he good points uf its prcdrcetsort. including p « l i t manufactured h> Sinclair R c t t u c h , M t m o U c h . Bygbyte j n d O B S O L E T E FOR O N L Y :

I*
Ecoaofcck incite i few of the hen known
W i l t the experience t c hase gained with memories tsoth lot i h t Z X I I and a wide t » ( C o l o l k t t M i c m , » t « r > l « n b l e m
offei w r i t e i c l u u v * n « features
T H E CASE; T h e S P E C I A L R A M P A C K has b « n designed to overcome ihe infamous wohbkng' problem a w x t a i e d
milta manvnthet ( w l u . i n i l J i i e i i w i t t w i t>> temporary M l u l i H t t i K ' h n V t k K i . Rlutak. j d h n i v r t l n p o r a huge, unsightls
cate l u l u i p t positively to the / X HI b* m e w s of I special huih in tidge Aided bv 1 retibenl spring effect in the L'onncvtion
socket .see figure I ) .
E X P A N S I B I L I T Y The S P E C I A L R A M P K i t not only compatible with all software and hardware produced f « the
Z X 81, such as the Z X printer, hut ii also hasi he edge over «< her pack* with ii* expansibility You will find il interesting thai
• he keyboard rounder opium is already included in ihe S P E C I A L R A M P A C K 11 also h a s e i p a m o a pins, reads to receive including'V.,XJ*
— in the u a c r u t - the mow advanced add-on ever designed foe the Z X 81 — the X R O M C A R D see figure J)
fig. 1
WHAT DOES THE X ROM CARD OFFER?
I T h e X - R O M C A R D ha« * b w h is autostart R O M . Programs can be run automatically cverv lime (he Z X 81 is witched

S H ^ i 9 on This will m u l t in a huge increase factor for R O M baaed w h w a r c . since all softwjp houses are currently ve ^gwir<- of
supsnght piracy prutslems _
HM* I . The X - R O M C A R D ha* a built in printer interface, nrvessarv if vou with l o u v - ^ • e r other than Ihe X / Thtt
i t invaluable lor any K n o u t applications, including word protecting. w l i r ' w J H t f ' presentation is of ihe utmost
importance
I The X - R O M C A R D hat a built ia E P R O M burner T h n means I hat voucan U H Basic r Machine cude programs onto
"tC lltMt •n sibcoo chips and p b v them hack al any time
38255K< 4 Yoa n a y of coartc buy the X - R O M C A R D l o u t c with o t h t r R a m Packtsih.. lair R a n Pack. I ^ M f t R l i r n
sou purchase the X - R O M C A R D with the S P E C I A L R A M P A C K , vou will haw the advantage of lower cWi. J l t t t c t
rebahililv and neatnrvs. ttnee the whole system is nicelv housed within a cmgJe case
I S C O N C L U S I O N . T h e S P E C I A L R A M P A C K , is ihe b e t l immediate mvettmcBt for sou: Z X 81 The availabditv ol
the X - R O M C A R D openw the way to new software development such as I m i j j t i p r o g r a m i n g , in J is the guarantee that
fig. 2 sour svsiem will never he obsolete.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:

• SPECIAL RAMPACK:
• Memory capacity: I6K bytes.
• Maximum speed: 200 ns access time.
• Power requirement: Use exclusively Sinclair PSU.
• X-ROMCARD:
• Autostart R O M : 4K byte, exchange for 8K bytes and software switch possible.
Displays memory size, checks for byte "00" (identifies Z X basic) (« 2000H.
Loads program if found, checks for byte " C 3 " and jumps (2000H) if found
/
Checks for presence of R O M in socket n.3 and R O M catalog, displays catalog
if found. Contains also machine code monitor and printer utility
• Preprogrammed R O M : Catalog available on request. Use only 2732 or 2764 R O M ' E P R O M
• Blank EPROM: Use only 2764 — 8 K bytes per device — i n socket n.3. 3 * 9V, PP3 size batteries
are needed to burn EPROM.
• Printer connection: 16 pin O I L output, use standard I D C ribbon cable. Outputs include
D O to D7, Strobe, Reset, Inputs include No-fault and Busy.
• Documentation: Schematic diagram included, full listings of Autostart R O M extra
(only for X - R O M C A R D user, £1.50 * large SAEj

AUDIO-COMPUTERS
87 BOURNEMOUTH PARK ROAD,
SOUTHENO ON SEA _ E S S E X SS5 2JJ
SPECTRUM
SPECTRUM & ZXB1 GAMES 3D BLACK STAR
Arcade action

FRDM
SOFTWARE ' Features: Fest 3D
graphics, fast scoring,
TIME-GATE four types of target

QUICKSILVA
4D Space/time adventure Eight instrument
in fast moving graphics displays werp drive,
<3BK
resuroing aliens, time
Author John Hoi lis limit, 17 levels of
THE CHESS progressive difficulty
PLAYER
VWth Speech anp
A WHOLE GALAXY OF ACTION high score table
Author- M. Sudworth
ZX81 with 1BK RAM
personality 4BK
Author
M a r t i n Wron-Hllton
AT YOUR FINGERTIPS DAMPER &
GLOOPER
METEOR STORM NEW RELEASES FOR THE 2XS1 S> SPECTRUM* Arcade action
W t n apench anp Hi R a s Features: Fest action.
SPECTRUM PIXEL GAMES SUBSPACE S dampers increase t o S
FRENZY
Graphics 18K or 4BK
STRIKER/ZOR on leter phases. 3 lives
Author J o h n H o l d s
Arcade action FOR THE ZXB1 plus bonus lives, ever
With your deadly antimat
Features: Full colour hi-
SPACE INTRUDERS res graphics, sound high WITH 1SK RAM torpedoes, you unleash increasing speed, high
havoc in the Federations score, stall frame
With mutants and Hi Res score table, hold feature.
TRADER features, spiral clear at
A trilogy of 15K Specolanes
G r a p h i c s 1BK o r4 S K 5 levels of robots. Evil end of games, bonus
Author John Hollls Orville the minelayer, programs that combine STARQUEST/ phase worth SOOO pts .
exploding pods, to give an epic 48K ENCOUNTER high score save and
EASYBPEAK graphic adventure As a display
progressive difficulty W t h the help of your
Ado speech or music t o galactic trader you deal
attract mode onboard computer you Author: R G r a n t
your programs 4BK Author David Shan with some very bizarre seek e habitable planet ZX81 with 16K RAM
Author John Holds customers indeed amidst the perils of deep
ASTRO BLASTER apace
PIONEER TRAIL
MINEO-OUT Arcade action
STOP PRESS
A western adventure
With 9 levels of Trader now available for
Faaturami Full attract
the Speotrum £ 9 9 5 ZX81 GAMES Features: SO levels of
minefield 48K mode. 5 attack waves.
Author Ian Andrew 15 levels of difficulty OCEAN TRADER
An adventure set In the a il
keys and is measured
SOFTWARE rapid fire, meteor
19th Century.
storms, changing aliens, agamat the p l a y e r s
FOR THE ZX81 plasma bolts, killer MDU own and captain personal average
WITH 16K RAM bombs, full colour hi-res a vessel, soil between 5 response This game is
graphics, full sound ports and deal m coal based on historical data
OS ASTEROIDS Author John Edwards and whisky, with storms, Author Marlon Stubbs.
very good " 16K or *3BK Spectrum pirates, sea mist and ZXS1 with 16K RAM
addictive g a m e ! "
CC &VG) A WORD vessels adrift
^ Author A. Morgan Ouicksnlvo Limited.
Author John Hollls PROCESSOR ^ ZXB1 with 16K RAM POImenston pt,rk House.
OS OEFENOA
Features; j f 13. Palmers tori Hood
". better than any other Menu driven r C O S M I C G U E R I L L A Southampton SOI ILL
prompts given 'V Arcade action Telephone ((00770033) ) 2
Telephone 20 16
01 69
arcade game I've seen '
(Sync ) at ail times X. Fast m/c action, will drive i
Drastic commands QS sound and character ^ VjA
Author Nick L a m b e r t
— e g Clear Text — boards, responsive -""TyiCS **jr'
OS SCRAMBLE are eutomaticaiiy controls, high score feu
amazing, fantastic I" questioned ^ ^
tPCW) Load/save ^ ^ \\
Author Dave Edwards commends ail Vs V r ^ C. K. Tame JZ& \ \
OS INVADERS text iustified on vx* ZXB1 with i \
_ \SJi\ 1BK RAM a .
screen as well as f f f o y j i
rust like the real printer II fiw /M
thing! CC & V G 3 Author R B a k e r / i'M
Author Dave Edwards •48K Spectrum J
MUNCHEES
Features 1 to A Ghost*
3 Munchees. Rawer pills
Author A. Laird
GALAXIANS &

W
GLOOPS
Features two types of
swooping Golexian
Author T. 8a ok with
CROAK ACRAWLA
W i t h Frogs. L o m e s , L o g ft.
s
Crocodiles Turtles.
Flies. ^ \
\ Author
:
l •

jM

Sand order to:

Quicksilva Limited, Palmerston Pork House 13, Palmerston Road, Southampton.