“Assignment 2”

Submitted by:
Abdul wahab
Bscs-3b
200888
Submitted to:
Dr. ayesha saadia

“Communication”
the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium, the successful conveying or
sharing of ideas and feelings. the successful conveying or sharing of ideas and feelings.

Following are categories of communication:

  Verbal
 Non verbal
 Written

And following are different communication styles:

 Assertive
 Aggressive
 Passive aggressive
 Submissive
 Manipulative

“Assertive Style”
Assertive communication is born of high self-esteem. It is the healthiest and most effective style of communication - the
sweet spot between being too aggressive and too passive Because assertiveness is based on mutual respect, it's an
effective and diplomatic communication style. Being assertive shows that you respect yourself because you're willing to
stand up for your interests and express your thoughts and feelings. It also demonstrates that you're aware of others'
rights and willing to work on resolving conflicts.

Following are some Behavioral Characteristics:

 Achieving goals without hurting others by keeping the interests of others in mind
 Protective of own rights and respectful of others' rights
 Socially and emotionally expressive
 Taking responsibility for your actions
 Asking directly for needs to be met, while accepting the possibility of rejection
 Accepting compliments and giving some in return

The person on the receiving end of assertive communication feels some of the following emotions:

 They can take person at their word and realize where they stand with the person
 The person can handle criticism and look after themselves
 Assertive communication creates respect for the person

Behavior that makes communication more effective:

 Voice – medium pitch and speed and volume

 Posture – open posture, symmetrical balance, tall, relaxed, no fidgeting
 Gestures – even, rounded, expansive
 Facial expression – good eye contact
 Spatial position – in control, respectful of others

Following are some examples to demonstrate verbal assertive style:

 "Please would you turn the volume down? I am really struggling to concentrate on my studies."
 "I am so sorry, but I won't be able to help you with your project this afternoon, as I have a dentist appointment."

“Aggressive style “
Aggressive communication is characterized mainly by the absence of listening during the communicative process. This
means that individuals who engage in this type of communication do not listen to their interlocutors.

An aggressive person behaves as if their needs are the most important, as though they have more rights, and have more
to contribute than other people. It is an ineffective communication style as the content of the message may get lost
because people are too busy reacting to the way it's delivered.

Behavioral Characteristics
 Frightening, threatening, loud, hostile
 Willing to achieve goals at expense of others
 Out to "win"
 Demanding, abrasive
 Confrontational
 Explosive, unpredictable
 Intimidating
 Bullying

Non-Verbal Behavior

 Voice – volume is loud

 Posture – 'bigger than' others
 Gestures - big, fast, sharp/jerky
 Facial expression – scowl, frown, glare
 Spatial position - Invade others' personal space,
 try to stand 'over' others

“PASSIVE-AGGRESSIVE COMMUNICATION”
is a style in which individuals appear passive on the surface but are really acting out anger in a subtle, indirect, or behind
-the-scenes way, People who develop a pattern of passive –aggressive
People appear passive on the surface, but are actually acting out their anger in indirect or behind-the-scenes ways.
Prisoners of War often act in passive-aggressive ways in order to deal with an overwhelming lack of power.

Behavioral Characteristics

 Indirectly aggressive
 Sarcastic
 Devious
 Unreliable
 Complaining
 Sulky
 Patronizing
 Gossips
 Two-faced

NON VERBAL BEHAVIOUR

  Voice – Often speaks with a sugary sweet voice.
 Posture – often asymmetrical
 Gestures – Can be jerky, quick
 Facial expression – Often looks sweet and innocent
 Spatial position – often too close, even touching other as
 pretends to be warm and friendly

“The Submissive Style”

The Submissive Communication Style. This type of people try their best to please others and avoid conflict. They treat
the needs of other as more important than theirs. They behave as if the other person has more rights and more to
contribute. They are apologetic because they feel as if they are imposing when they want something.

This style is about pleasing other people and avoiding conflict. A submissive person behaves as if other peoples' needs
are more important, and other people have more rights and more to contribute.

Behavioral Characteristics

 Apologetic (feel as if you are imposing when you ask for

 what you want)
 Avoiding any confrontation
 Finding difficulty in taking responsibility or decisions
 Yielding to someone else's preferences (and discounting
 own rights and needs)
 Opting out
 Feeling like a victim
 Blaming others for events
 Refusing compliments
 Inexpressive (of feelings and desires)

Non-Verbal Behavior

 Voice – Volume is soft

 Posture – make themselves as small as possible, head
 down
 Gestures – twist and fidget
 Facial expression – no eye contact
 Spatial position – make themselves smaller/lower
 than others
 Submissive behavior is marked by a martyr-like
 attitude (victim mentality) and a refusal to try out
 initiatives, which might improve things.
“The Manipulative Style”
Manipulative communication style This style of communication uses cunning, deceit and influence to control the
outcome of the conversation, and thus the actions of the people around them. Manipulative communicators rarely say
what they mean, instead they will bury their real goals within layers of obfuscation to get their way without the other
person even realizing it.

Behavioral Characteristics

 Cunning
 Controlling of others in an insidious way – for
 example, by sulking
 Asking indirectly for needs to be met
 Making others feel obliged or sorry for them.
 Uses 'artificial' tears

Non-Verbal Behavior

 Voice – patronizing, envious, ingratiating, often

 high pitch
 Facial expression – Can put on the 'hang dog"
 expression