Chemistry

 the science that deals with the properties, composition, and structure of
substances, the transformations they undergo, and the energy that is released or
absorbed during these processes.
 It is also concerned with the utilization of natural substances and the creation of
artificial ones. Cooking, fermentation, glass making, and metallurgy are all
chemical processes that date from the beginnings of civilization.

Interconnection of Chemistry to Other Fields of Science

Areas of Chemistry

The study of modern chemistry has many branches, but can generally be broken down
into five main disciplines, or areas of study:

1. Physical chemistry
 Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic properties, atomic
properties, and phenomena in chemical systems.
2. Organic chemistry
 Organic chemistry is the study of chemicals containing carbon. Most of the
chemicals found in all living organisms are based on carbon.
3. Inorganic chemistry
 Inorganic chemistry is the study of chemicals that, in general, are not
primarily based on carbon. Inorganic chemicals are commonly found in
rocks and minerals. One current important area of inorganic chemistry deals
with the design and properties of materials involved in energy and
information technology.
4. Analytical chemistry
  Analytical chemistry is the study of the composition of matter. It focuses on
separating, identifying, and quantifying chemicals in samples of matter.
5. Biochemistry
 Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes that occur in living things.

Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds

Atom
 smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of
electrically charged particles.
 It also is the smallest unit of matter that has the characteristic properties of a
chemical element. As such, the atom is the basic building block of
chemistry.

Subatomic Particles of an Atom

1. Proton (+) – are positively charged in nature. Closest to the neutron.

2. Electron (-) - are particles with negative charge. It is far from the center of the
atom and travel within orbits.
3. Neutron (0) – particles of mater that located in the center surrounded by the other
parts of an atom. It has no charge in nature.

Atomic Structure

Element
 a pure substance consisting only of atoms that all have the same numbers of protons in their
atomic nuclei.
 Unlike chemical compounds, chemical elements cannot be broken down into simpler
substances by chemical means.

Periodic Table of Elements

 is a tabular display of the chemical elements, which are arranged by atomic
number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.
 The structure of the table shows periodic trends.
 The seven rows of the table, called periods, generally have metals on the left and
nonmetals on the right.
  The columns, called groups, contain elements with similar chemical behaviors.
Six groups have accepted names as well as assigned numbers: for example,
group 17 elements are the halogens; and group 18 are the noble gases.

Dmitri Mendeleev
 Russian chemist who published the first recognizable periodic table in 1869,
developed mainly to illustrate periodic trends of the then-known elements.
 He also predicted some properties of unidentified elements that were expected to
fill gaps within the table.