TÜVIS-Prüfgrundlagen: AD 2000 Code, Volume 1, Register B  AD 2000-Merkblatt B 10

Replaces Page – Version – Page 1  Version 11.2014

Publisher: Verband der TÜV e. V. (VdTÜV)

− For technical experts of TÜV only − Reprint not permitted −

AD 2000-Merkblatt
Thick walled cylindrical shells
B 10
TÜVIS subject to internal pressure
October 2000 edition

These TÜVIS-Prüfgrundlagen provide a tool for experts. The documents contain the relevant regulations. Interpretations
and explanations developed by technical committees are included. Please consider that the individual documents differ with
regard to their mandatory application. VdTÜV has taken all reasonable measures to ensure the accuracy of this translation
but regrets that no responsibility can be accepted for any error, omission or inaccuracy. In cases of doubt or dispute,
the latest edition of the German text only is valid.

The AD 2000-Merkblätter are prepared by the seven associations listed below who together form the "Arbeitsgemeinschaft Druckbehälter"
(AD). The structure and the application of the AD 2000 body of regulations and the procedural guidelines arecovered by AD 2000-Merkblatt G 1:
• •, ' • —
The AD 2000-Merkblätter contain safety requirements to be met under normal operating conclitions. ‘ lf aböve-normal loadingS are tobe
expected during the operation of the pressure vessel, this shall be taken into account' by Meeting speCial requireMents.
If there are any divergences from the requirements of this AD 2000-Merkblatt, it shall be possible to prove that the standard of safety of
this body of regulations has been maintained by other means, e.g. by materials testing, tests, stress analysis, operating experience.
Fachverband Dampfkessel-, Behälter- und Rohrleitungsbau e. V. (FDBR), Düsseldorf
Hauptyerband.der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften e.V., Sankt•Augustin
Verband der Chemischen Industrie e.V. (VC1), Frankfurt/Main
AD 2000-Merkblatt

Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau e.V. (VDMA), Fachgemeinschaft VerfahrensteChnische Maschinen
und Apparate, Frankfurt/Main
Verein Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute (VDEh), Düsseldorf
VGB PowerTech e.V., Essen
Verband der Technischen Überwachungs-Vereine e.V. (VdTÜV), Essen.
The above associations continuously update the AD 2000-Merkblätter in line with technical progress. Please address any proposals for
this to the publisher:
Verband der Technischen Überwachungs Vereine e. V., P.O. Box 103834, 0 45038 Essen.
- -

Contents

0 Foreword 5 Percentage of the permissible

1 Scope design stress leVel, Weakenings
2 General 6 Calculation•
3 Symbols and units 7 Literature
4 Safety factor

0 Foreword 2 General
The AD 2000 body of regulations can be applied to satisfy This AD 2000-Merkblatt shall only be used in conjunction with
the basic safety requirements of the Pressure Equipment AD 2000-Merkblatt B 0.
Directive, principally for the conformity assessment in
accordance with Modules "G" and "B + F".
3 Symbols and units
The AD 2000 body of regulations is structured along the lines
of a self-contained concept. If other technical rules are used In addition to AD 2000-Merkblatt B 0 the following applieS:
in accordance with the state of the ad to solve related Prob- a in this context: coefficient of linear thermal
1
lems, it is assumed that the overall concept has been taken expansion i
in
into account.
The AD 2000 body of regulations can be used as appropriate
for other modules of the Pressure Equipment Directive or for
4 Safety factor
different sectors of the law. Responsibility for testing is as 4.1 Refer to AD 2000-Merkblatt B 0 Section 7.
specified in the provisions of the relevant sector of the law.
4.2 The safety factor of thermally loaded shells (over
200°C) with a diameter ratio DA, > 1,35 may be reduced
1 Scope to S = 1,4 after agreement with the user (customer) provided
the danger to personnel and the environment has been
The design rules presented below apply to the cylindrical reduced by special measures e.g. Installation in special
shells of pressure vessels within the limitsl) 1,2 < Da/
rlag GmbH, D-10772 Berlin

chambers or rooms or an open fenced-in ground with remote

D, < 1,5 provided they are subject to full axial load and made control.
of ductile material.
In this case a safety of 1,1 against yield point at 20°C during
1 ) For greater wall ttiicknesses refer to Literature e.g. [5] hydraulic testing shall be verified separately.
th.de

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 TÜVIS-Prüfgrundlagen: AD 2000 Code, Volume 1, Register B  AD 2000-Merkblatt B 10
Replaces Page – Version – Page 2  Version 11.2014

− For technical experts of TÜV only − Reprint not permitted −

5 Percentage of the permissible design and on the outer surface

stress level, Weakenings 1 E
awa– 2 1 –v a (19.a 19.i) • B
(5)
5.1 In accordance with the requirements of the HP Series
of the AD 2000-Merkblätter, a 100% longitudinal weld effi- where v = 0,3 for steels.
ciency (v = 1) must be guaranteed in manufacture and tests The auxiliary factors A and B are determined as follows
before this AD 2000-Merkblatt can be used.
271 2 1
5.2 If small radial bores for fittings and the like are required A= (6)
712— 1 In n
in the cylindrical shell, then the stress increase at the bore
hole raust be considered for the service conditions and the 2 1
B = (7)
hydraulic test. 772 - 1 In n
They can also be taken from Table 1.
6 Calculation
Table 1. Auxiliary factors A and B
6.1 Walls with no considerable temperature difference
6.1.1 The required wall thickness s is
11 = Da/D; 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 (1,6) (1,8)

Da • p A 1,06 1,09 1,11 1,13 1,15 1,20

s – + c i + e2 (1) B –0,94 –0,91 –0,89 –0,87 –0,85 –0,80
23 — – p
S
6.1.2 The stress intensity due to internal pressure on the 6.2.3 lt shall be checked that the maximum stress on the
inner cr,,, and outer ava surface is inner g and outer surface aa does not exceed the permissible

AD 2000-Merkblatt
stress K.
p • (Da + se)
avi (2)
23 Se = + aal

• (Da – 3 • se) (ja = awa ava

ava 23 se (3)
For crv, and ava the formulae (2) and (3) apply.

6.2 Walls with considerable temperature difference

6.2.1 If heating or cooling is expected to produce a heat
flow from inside or outside through the cylinder wall, the
7 Literature
resulting reference stresses shall be added, taking account [1] Siebe!, Die Festigkeit dickwandiger Hohlzylinder,
of their singe). Konstruktion 3 (1951) No. 5, pp. 137/41.
6.2.2 The thermal stresses are according to Lorenz on the [2] Class, 1.: Stellungnahme zum Aufsatz „Die Festigkeit
inner surface dickwandiger Hohlzylinder" von E. Siebel. Konstruktion
1 E
4 (1952) No. 1, pp. 25.
crwi– 2 1 – v a (ea — A) • A (4) [3] Siebet, E., Schwaigerer, S., u. Kopf, E.: Berechnung
dickwandiger Hohlzylinder. Die Wärme 65 (1942) No. 51/
2 ) Strictly speaking, the tangential, radial and axial stresses set up by the internal
pressure and the heat flow must each be algebraically added and the resulting
52, pp. 440/45.
total tangential (0), radial (ar) and axial stresses (0) combined to form the refe- [4] Lorenz, R.: Temperaturspannungen in Hohlzylindern.
rence stress (03:
VDI-Z 51 (1907) No. 19, pp. 743/47.
= 0,71 V(0, — cr,) + (a,— a) 2 + (ar — 4 2
For the sake of simplicity it has become common practice to add the tangential [5] Buchter, H. H.: Apparate und Armaturen der Chemi-
stress due to the heat flow to the reference stress by the internal pressure. schen Hochdrucktechnik. Springer Verlag 1967.

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