AC CIRCUITS

TOPIC OUTLINE
I. Series RL Circuit II. Series RC Circuit
(ROSALES, Ronan Greg) (SANTOS, Jaymark)
• Phasor Diagram • Phasor Diagram
(SANCHEZ, Mick Allen) (CANTO, Trishalyn)
• Steps to Draw the Phasor Diagram • Steps to Draw the Phasor Diagram
• Phase Angle • Phase Angle
(JOVELLANOS, Mike) (ALENAIN, Airies)
• Power in RL Circuit • Power in RC Circuit
 Series RL Circuit
A circuit that contains a pure resistance (R) ohms
connected in series with a coil having a pure
inductance of L (Henry). When an AC supply
voltage (V) is applied, the current (I), flows in the
circuit.
Series RL Circuit Diagram

Where,

• VR – voltage across the resistor R

• VL – voltage across the inductor L
• V – Total voltage of the circuit
Phasor Diagram
 Current (I) is taken as a reference.

Steps to Draw The Voltage drop across the resistance

VR = IR is drawn in phase with the current (I).

the Phasor The voltage drop across the inductive reactance VL =IXL

Diagram
is drawn ahead of the current I. As the current
lags voltage by an angle of 90 degrees in the
pure Inductive circuit.

The vector sum of the two voltages drops VR and VL is equal

to the applied voltage V.
IMPEDANCE
Z is the total opposition offered
to the flow of alternating
current by an RL Series circuit
and is called impedance of the
circuit. It is measured in ohms
(Ω).
PHASE ANGLE
An 150Ω resistor and a 750 mH inductor
are placed in series. The current through
the circuit is 0.77 A and the frequency of
the source is 55 Hz.

A. Draw the phasor diagram and

determine the circuit impedance.
B. Determine the voltage drop across
the resistor, the inductor, and the
voltage of the source.
C. Draw the resultant voltage phasor
diagram and determine the phasor.
A. Draw the phasor diagram and
determine the circuit impedance.
B. Determine the voltage drop across the resistor,
the inductor, and the voltage of the source.
C. Draw the resultant voltage phasor
diagram and determine the phasor.
POWER RL CIRCUIT
TRUE POWER – is measured in W (watts)
and is the power drawn by the resistive
component of the circuit.

REACTIVE POWER – is the power

continually stored and discharged by the
magnetic field of the inductive load.
Measured in Volts-ampere reactive (VARs)
APPARENT POWER – is measured in volt
ampere (VA) and is the combination of
reactive and true power.
FORMULAS
 A 120Ω resistor and a 650mH inductor
are placed in a series. The voltage of the
source is 230V and the frequency source
is 55Hz.

A. Determine the circuit impedance.

B. Determine the rms current through the

circuit.

C. Determine the power factor and the

impedance phase angle of the circuit.

D. Determine the real power and reactive

power.

E. Draw the power triangle and determine

the apparent power consumed by the circuit.

Determine the
circuit
impedance.
Determine the
rms current
through the
circuit.
Determine the
power factor
and the
impedance
phase angle of
the circuit.
 Determine the
true power and
reactive power.
Draw the power
triangle and
determine the
apparent power
consumed by
the circuit.
 Series RC Circuit
A circuit that contains pure resistance (R) ohms
connected in series with a pure capacitor of
capacitance (C) farads. A sinusoidal voltage is
applied and current (I) flows through the
resistance (R) and the capacitance (C) of the
circuit.

Series RC Circuit Diagram

Where,

• VR – voltage across the resistor R

• VC – voltage across the capacitor C
• V – Total voltage of the circuit
Phasor Diagram
 Current (I) is taken as a reference.

Steps to Draw The Voltage drop across the resistance

VR = IR is drawn in phase with the current (I).

the Phasor The voltage drop across the inductive reactance VL =IXC

Diagram
is drawn ahead of the current I. As the current
lags voltage by an angle of 90 degrees in the
pure capacitive circuit.

The vector sum of the two voltages drops VR and VC is equal

to the applied voltage V.
IMPEDANCE
Z is the total opposition offered
to the flow of alternating
current by an RC Series circuit
and is called impedance of the
circuit. It is measured in ohms
(Ω).
PHASE ANGLE
An 180Ω resistor and a 900 mF capacitor
are placed in series. The current through
the circuit is 0.24 A and the frequency of
the source is 64 Hz.

A. Draw the phasor diagram and

determine the circuit impedance.
B. Determine the voltage drop across
the resistor, the capacitor, and the
voltage of the source.
C. Draw the resultant voltage phasor
diagram and determine the phasor.
A. Draw the phasor diagram and
determine the circuit impedance.
B. Determine the voltage drop across the resistor,
the inductor, and the voltage of the source.
C. Draw the resultant voltage phasor
diagram and determine the phasor.
POWER RC CIRCUIT
An 80 Ω XC and a 60 Ω resistance are in
series with a 120V source
IMPEDANCE
CURRENT
 POWER
FACTOR
TRUE POWER
REACTIVE
POWER
APPARENT
POWER
Thank You for
listening!! :)