ANNEXURE-I

R.M.D. ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(An Autonomous Institution)
RSM Nagar, Kavaralpettal-601 206

College Code
College Name
51 Cetlege.
.M.D Enaineem n
Register Number
5|2 ao5o3
Name
of the Candidate RABHUDEESHHARAN G
Degree B: Tech IT Tnformatuen Tedno lo)
3 rd
Branch fortmauon Tch Semostor

Question Paper Code C

Subject Code
E C|83 94
Subject Name Analeg & ni l Commwni cauew.
FN AN
Date 0z 20 Sesslon

No. of Pages used

Inwords Twent*Ome
All particulars given above by me are verified and found to be correct
Signature of the Studentwith date PP 2 2022
For Office Use Only
Instructionsto the Candidate: Put Tick mark( for the questions attended In the tick mark column against each question
PART B&C
PART-A ( ( ()
Question
No.
Marks Question No.
Marks Marks Marks Grand Total
in words)

15 Grand Total
10

Total to be correct
valued and the total Is found
that all the questions
attendod by the student are
Declaration by the Examiner: Verifed

Examiner
Signature of the
Name of the Examiner
Date
 Prabhudeeswaran G
MDENGelNeERING CoLLE GE Name:
KAVARASPETTAL Reg lo: 628 -oyo34
Te 020 012
6o206
Sub Code: Ec 81*
6ignature: pe
Sub Name: Analog & D h
Communt Laton

Part A

Modulatiew:
Modulatiou whic
delined as he proce by
me Carien
/o Parametrs of a
Aigh negpem
gna ue a
umpAtude, faquen en pase
Vaied accordan with the intamraneous

Value f low mess a q ignal

e
Need fo Meduatiew

Fase of Padiatiew.
decreasei.
Size of An tenna NMCeases as faeaueny
y Les Nose and t u ferenc.

iv Bondwidt qcdu nomeas

2 ven
m -8
Bardwdth = ISdkH2.

Cauo Pule,
Bond uidh 2 5 +fh ) H
w m Af AA
f SAf
m
fm
AS (14)= 5 (ItD l2s)
12
 Aia ng
lalhen ignal ae omplud al tu
than Nyit IefsS2W, hun
auah Ocu

TCoun be uduud by

amplino a a Aat
f2 2W.

Urn a pe alias 1iltn, duing

Samp t MsArict ey of hiznad t w

hertz
4 gvan
wav@m8eaenu , 1ol ell) .

Urupoln NR2

Time
Bipoaa Rz
 3
5-
8ven
seaumcl oy .

Banay Ccde

BPSK

AMwww.c en wave
www. BRE Modulatd hgna

BASK

wOWww Cam en wave

ftr 0
Madulatel mghul.

6 dva tays of 8QAM C paked to PS

howen Bandwidt ef
D 8 psk t has
Us Uhannel BW
whes eos n xpet
QAM
as Compaind
AM uppests a igh dafa
6 psK.
hau ow noise n Fererenu, whera
QAM
psknas Antuyterena,
 Minimum f 0 bleck Col

tallet hammi duyn any ws

minimun
iff Ccde weel, and enpanl
nen-To Coeds wweyds n

Ammmn weight o
d

G1SM:
CGtlobal Syst em for Moile lemmuni catuon

prEida mole phon yatam

allows Uses to eam pmwiol Voiue Seruct

Compatb sDN ofun T fynams

GCM a ahd
h
ganeration b ) Pan dard
omptei 7DMA T n e diion muylt p 9 CCea

ik Hhat 3 C AG) and 5o ale beun

0 Uplink bown in d
not h
Uplisk and dloun ik 4Aan hould
fowe
Same i n a t e l t Com ysurobe cauy e
bounds
gaAhekol pam ap ham
Areae&s 4he
p e h e t r o c
to go 4hough to
and Counne
AALhu aAA

telte,
Therefore , uplink
Low en a n lown b e n ueg
 fart-B

1:5
aa Pue Code Modulasis
D Pulse Code Mecu latuom, the Menar i a l
heauenu of Codadpulsas.
Aoph eseded by
b
Th Mesa inal
achieved by hapiesentun-
n both tme and the
The
ignal n disode Porm
amp tude

PCM
PCM the phefe4Ted method f Comnunictien
wthin the publte witdhed telephone Nehwork.
PLM eai y Com bine Vaice and dat to rnge.
kigh speed Mnal.

Analor BPP Sampla Quauizer> En code

Ms Hold

channe
Oupu Regen Reeheralase

Pepectux Repeatu
CHANNEL

Peqan Decoden > Re coniuiveDetindte

lte
Boandpas Alten
ms the dAequenuy of the
The bandpas ften
Vei u band
iqnal t Mand a d
analog Aput
20oo H
f 320 H2 to
aen Aang
Sample Hold:
wave ampled
wt trou of
This Mag
p hampling nake
NaT echangular
an t wi
tuwiC he highet ay
mt be gneaw
o of meay awe

Coruinu bw
Lini d la oi
Varpn Me ampn7 disneat Valu
ianal p becond
Quent2e
uant2ati n he prouu of Con vertn a

ahalog hample Value of ignal to a

dzh
foym
unfinute Na. of
Quanti'zati en > Funt Ne-
ampltu de levels
Ampl Lde avde
Maqehude Deimal Quantaatin
Yalue Pana
3 + 2 . 5 to 3.5V

*2

+oSV to s

+O tON o DSV

-O-sY to1-sy

15 to-3 SV
Mogni u behuutn odaunt hap dn
uoe inl val
ualiad.en Evr Veand ff-v vo in 1
traunaited ignewh Corentd be ho
analoq
2 Moh;kde nphe eyutds th higluut
uawti'aaien útuval, Oven Le ad dutertien Cuuh

Encoden:
Encode tronslat disoecde e f fomplu Vuu
amore appopiat ferm ot thigmad
The Tnee Kectiens LPF, San pler, Quaxtizan i l
act aas an
aloq to digJ Converta En ueduin y
mun m Ts bandwidt, URed

Raaune-sative Pepeaten
Regene<ajuve AnOleaiRs ngnal iength. The
cwwput of the channd ao has ne
agen
apeetun Gruit to lempensad the iqnal lox
and Aecontct tu hgal and alo to incnua4
t Maengt.
Regneration u he abiy 4o Controlthe
5so okortin by chain of Aapeatw at
Raulan utuvau
 D par FermA 2, funt

Equalaati ev
) Tuning
i Decà non Makin
Decode:
Puses ale onen ckudpto Code useds and
decoded nto a
Quant2ad PAM mgnal
ReconArudien Rter
Det e cto Cuput fand throug. a opai
fAlben whoke Cut e i ay u
heto nstru etim
manal bandwdtt fm.

Pynamic he nai of lanqut poiible

magritude to malest poamlle maqni tude
Ahat Caun be decodsd b DlA Convetn in the
hecere.
DR Nmax
wiinDexoln)
Pal ewMip behuweek DR No.s PM
code
1 2 DR
o Thanumum tNo o b
De
2-DE+1,
o Loo CDRA1)
h CDI)

Lo
 b&
Codingffi
Co ding ci ent Min No.of +loo
chuas Me. bf
bi
Quuartizatien Noite
Evmod
ErorA cae
cOe itneduced nignal becn
D Quantrati ow.

Totel ampt tude hona may(-X mar -2 a

ampi hude ang dad to y v e ot

Quasti,
mox rm max)
2x mar
m ax hen

Pro babiL h denm* futo fo Quant'2sti m

ngnal uanlzaten NeiAe Aatio of uart2e

Nse Pouwen Vnei

S i g n d Yowe
N

TMase 7oen
Meon Squaae 4
le nave y2G 2max
raue,
2
m ay
S Nevmallaud anal pouwe
N

ma

3 2V
4Kmax
22 mAx

ay 3P2

TA rems o

1 e log 1. ( lo Log LsY2J (t;6)

d
5
b
uetooth
that Couw
F Dis a Communicatipn techno loT
data tranrmi m o n
be seal for Cloxe Aang
to ounothe
m One
One evice

t One wirelen
one
u etooh ennt aly a

H2 band vadio wave

that Upe 24L
Connection
untorm ation fom one deviu fo Re
Leghare

onethen.

Painn 8ueteo1 devi us or he It

en Conn ccting
reniraod. Crleol
tume Rqutratiov
Pauin
Connec ton Connezud througth t e
whih ase
The devite
wne
trom hackui ,
blueteoH ae
works to uk a Pontu

wfi ase
Co mp lmen t a r
BluetooH and
As
fume
na
ond pv4al same
uovk af ame
The

Conh ectvt Connect tith

t on
en
Smantpho ns
MMet
et Lomputiu
eueteoH enaud a a time
tme
devie Hhat
Wor king
C n i s of pomnal a
Blueoth Netuoo
and a whiil tontouns
tontoun
PAN) pAONe
NekuorkC
bueft
mnimum of 2 O maxim wn of
a
ngte m s a d
a
pee ddeviesThere

T Slaves
evi u Rat itats the
Myti

Commmuu catren t ecd

ethn
ovee Comm to n k
The mayt ddel
csOutud wth it
nd Aave deyiu
uspends
A awe devia i s a d e v i u That
maytu deviu.

Blueteot A«ditechhuve
network hatmas mu
o annn
wiYeles

mastin Node
Nod Mave
c o m d a t Node
a
heqLc
The
Nod e
a o m dustaunce.
1h wTk a

ne
h e e tuo Can be do n e
The mea b
und one to Man
ome
ameng
fhe naty
on
CoVNm
posmble
u
Comm ACke ove a v e
ave but
Not FO e,
be lonnected the d i co
w
wti It tered
Scatennet
Clle ctien of pionet is Called Secddonek,
One pconet Kave piesent Ahat
ab m an be Callesl
ot Ca
Pmm wtti then pA LOneef
from The
tthe of ole ets a msg
PCcnef and ronwts
matu withun One

zlave in anothw
The mena touwand
Puon

Headzti

Xteneo Hecdsut.

Buetoeth yst
webcam.
Pont.

Celllan Concept
Cellla elephone the hwndoumental
eo9--pie m ake
rdua o dvide anqe
etions
alLa" Coveaq Zene no m allen
Colled Calls
Eac alea dividliol ntoeragon a
tomm
naped culls hab tbtogthu to
pteruhh
nene
Maxageal hopt proNiols a Cllan
the
patteun wldle munatur p etwe
odtacu Calls
 A Call u Jefhed by s phyital
h e ,i o f t pop ulation and tyaakie ola

Fac alle tahd Ho a ud rlun

ocellul Veiu hannel

Pl-ytical i Call kpends n
U dsn taby
ond Celludas pateun

D
Ces with ame
e
Cel tn Out n ed Cord ve
t Covenaq eoa.

Cel oe Colled maro Lalls.

9maul Cellu ale Caled mi cro l u .
MiCo Cells Oftoy fownd i migh
al
denmy Cone. rudh a Xanq Ctes and me
Cblings
o w movn mobyle Unds v3ee, mu cn-all

fastn movh 7 meble whts Use m aco Call

PAcoCeUl Used in wel sueldad

PDVi elialy Conneam.

* Omi divectanaN Qhennss a Uzad

Centre o the Cells

 ay Contve excd Cellu

Pa- exuted Cell

c) Cor e
ex ud Cell

14

rymbols ane
P%) -o.2

PlX) o.S
PX3-o.1
P YA 0:2

HC)

H()= P
log/pr).
O. log, ( / o ) + o 5 log, (Vos) * o1 Lg ("o1)

FLog, (S) +os xlca )4 O-)

Aog1o (16) 4
o2 togo (5)

63el00

O 211S + o IsoS 0 1

O 3olo
bs3
O 3010
H() =
16 bi ymbol.
PX Ya Y3 ,X4 ) lb 2 = o.s) l01) (0:a).

(XY3 u) loz lo-co.

- 2181)
630lo

( K ¥ X4). =8.qt bit/embo.

ven

La
Lot Snmss be x Y 3, Y4 Ks,X6

Demuhdun
2 - o 3C
Ara
3 lo Ovden

b D 01
 Y O3s

K3 D.11

KSO lo

To find
Hufman Code, Aserage werd lergth, EfH o
eny
Teundan
ms PK) Cak e Cads
O-25 035 -35 rO60 00
25 0-25 O-25 D 30

O 11
-a -19 00 3
0 21R 0-25
o lo 0-1)n o-19 101 3

o-l 3

3
601

EfSieny
HC) P p).

&3s log, /os) log, \/o-zs)

+ b-2s + on
loga (ou)
+oen log, (%o)
orlo Aog,l/%1o) to: | oLeg. ( 7s-1o)

D25 b'L020 F0ll x0-SSS+

0:24 0-01 x):0
O35 xb45
 O ISTS OIsos 0 loSA t D 0. 093.

0-30lo

O3clo
234 t ymbel.

L-Ae.
O35X D- 5 Y2 +O.t X3 olo x3+olox3 + 0 01x3
D +0.5 + 0 33 0" +0-21

2 4bis mbil.

h H(n)

2-H

1s/.

- 9 - o 17S 00-S
O2'S-
P(A-L
o: 3 ( 2.4) *+ o a (2.2 4)6-1) (3-4) +o-1o(3-24)
o 01 3-2 4)
004 +0 039
* OT2 t 0 0324
Oo5 6

02323 1
13
a
m ocklaien i mere etfec
Fequen
teymr of nei Au\ecan a and mert nuL

dma mion mgmal

Pha Modulation more Complu ond
Cot buut Nelati ay
ad
ano heor
tically maks H b a t U R
+R
lbondwidAh or a
aan Acarms i o n Pake
pake

BPSE ignal wt eceMau

Binam pha Mhist eyn
Two Output pha Apu loqie and vtter
oP pha for
BPsk sym of upp<ed Can n
odul ati m . ot Cen t
SaaAe wave m
a nuo

wve
ignal

V wwW Cmer wev

- 8PSE hgh

BPsk Tsambe.
he BinO
Binc dabe, input u lerel len vef
of polaa fom
Tha Unipel b i n doan londadd
ipola Un adel orvetu
n to

Bina dota Lev talond Rardpa

CONettn Mcdula lten
Sinwet
tsteduled
Buffen
PSk
1 sinwc ouwpuc
Referen e

Caxme

phan Pia a
COs wu
-Sinwet (e)
sinwct(o)
Loc

- w

Bonduidh Gontlaion of BPCK

* he output
Bolon ud Modu laor i

tdco w pu n d .
d-Iv
gned to a gic 1

amhad i o
Caver hwlt ) i lt y
Tnput
ethe + 0Y-).
 d vate Ss 3

BPSL tec even

BPS BPF PF Lowa

Chpu toneto
Modulao
Cohevent Un
dok pola
acoven daa
coUe Outpud

b
olo:
Barduwid of muttone Angle malultid &gnal

BW 2 ( ) moX
i Se kmlt)
3

320 x loHz

Sm ma
320 X 1o

man4x 10H2
S
BWEC1+8D) h x 10 4814H2,
a)
h-1, k 4

cCP) Aem PMP) 1

Gt CP)

Pn (P ( S+41

0 + on+o t o

+0+12+o
+O 11+)

cP) iem MP)T

G CP)