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Static Analysis and Design of Multi- Storied (G+4) Residential Building
Using Staad-Pro 2007
NARENDRA KUMAR ADAPA
Assistant Professor, University college of Architecture and Planning, Acharya Nagarjuna University, AP, India,
Email: naren.lbrce@gmail.com.
Abstract: This paper gives information about static analysis
of G+4 residential building which deals with lateral static
forces at beam and column joints and their displacements.
The building is designed as three dimensional vertical frame
and analyzed for the maximum and minimum bending
moments and shear forces.
Keywords: Structural Analysis, Load Analysis, Structural
Elements, Design, Displacements.
I. INTRODUCTION
This paper gives information about structure to be
constructed must satisfy the need efficiently, for which it is
intended, and shall be durable for its desired life span. To
perform an accurate analysis a structural engineer must
determine such information as structural loads, geometry,
support reactions, stresses and displacements. The design is
in confirmation with IS456-2000.the analysis of frame is
worked out and it has been checked using STAAD PRO. In
this paper, we have adopted limit state method of analysis
and design the structure. The entire work is carried out by
Static analysis based on IS 1893 -2002 PART(I &II).The
design is in confirmation with IS456-2000.the analysis of
frame is worked out and it has been checked using STAAD
PRO. From model generation, analysis and design to
visualization and result verification, STAAD.Pro is the
professional’s choice for steel, concrete, timber, aluminium
and cold formed steel design of low and high-rise buildings,
culverts, petrochemical plants, tunnels, bridges, piles and
much more.
A. Design Philosophies
The design philosophy adopted in this project is limit
state method. An improved design philosophy to overcome
the drawbacks of the working stress method is the limit state
method. The limit states are the various requirements that a
structure is expected to fulfill so that the performance of the
structure satisfies the intended purpose for which it is built.
1. Limit State of Strength/Collapse (Ultimate Limit State)
This limit state is associated with failure (or imminent
failure) under the action of the probable and the most
unfavorable combination of loads on a structure which may
endanger the safety of life and property. The design values
Copyright @ 2017 IJATIR. All rights reserved.
ISSN 2348–2370
Vol.09,Issue.03,
March-2017,
Pages:0529-0536
are derived from the characteristic values through the use of
partial safety factors, both for material strengths and for
loads. The reliability of design is ensured by satisfying the
requirement i.e Design action ≤ Design strength.
2. Limit State of Serviceability
This limit state is associated with the functioning of
structure or its components under service or working loads.
It causes discomfort to the occupants or affects the
appearance of a structure and, on the whole, may reduce the
functional effectiveness of the structure. It includes
 Deformation/deflection,
 Vibration repairable damage or crack due to fatigue,
 Corrosion/durability; and fire.
B. Significance of Study
This study focuses on understanding behavior of RC
framed brick infill building under different loading as
monotonic, static and cyclic loading. A parametric study has
been done in order to understand effect of various
parameters such as different brick sizes, openings in wall,
different mortar thickness, consideration of lintel and sill
bands, and effect of vertical and horizontal reinforcement on
building strength. Later damage estimation has been done
based on the strength, stiffness and ductility from load
displacement curve. The purpose of the discussion is to
identify issues relating to building performance that must be
addressed in the development of guidelines and tools for the
implementation of performance-based earthquake
engineering. At the time of this writing, building (system)
response is often judged on the basis of the most highly
damaged components in the building. Clearly, this approach,
although conservative, is neither accurate nor cost effective.
Poor behavior of one or two random components does not
necessarily lead to poor n soils system behavior, although
poor behavior of one or two key components may lead to
system collapse if mechanisms for redistribution of gravity
loads do not exist in a building. Much remains to be learned
about the collapse of buildings and the design of buildings
prone to liquefaction or failure. Research on the above topics
is needed to improve analysis, evaluation, and design
procedures to ensure with high confidence and low cost that
buildings will collapse.
 NARENDRA KUMAR ADAPA
II. WORKING PLAN loading and hence by locate the print inflection since each
point of inflection corresponds to the location of zero
moment in the structures.

B. Matrix analysis of frames

The individual elements of frames are oriented in
different directions unlike those of continues beams so their
analysis is more complex .never the less the rudimentary
flexibility and stiffness methods are applied to frames
stiffness method is more useful because its adaptability to
computer programming stiffness method is used when
degree of redundancy is greater than degree of freedom.
However stiffness method is used degree of freedom is
greater than degree of redundancy especially for computers.
The method of analysis of framed structure in the project is
Fig 1. Project Plan. carried out by stiffness matrix method. The stiffness method
is a method of analysis, where the main unknowns are the
A. Details displacements of joints. These unknowns are determined
A G+4 building is taken for analysis. The salient features from equilibrium.
of the building are:
1. Type of structure = Multi Storey Frame. C. Functional Design
2. Seismic zone = III The structure to be constructed should be primarily serve
3. Type of soil = Medium the basic purpose for which it is to be used and must have a
4. No. of stories = (G+4) pleasing look. The building should provide happy
5. Imposed Load = 2.0 KN/m2 environment inside as well as outside. Therefore, the
6. Floor finishes = 1 KN/m2 functional planning of a building must take into account the
7. Depth of slab = 120 mm proper arrangements of rooms / halls to satisfy the need of
8. Materials = M 20 concrete and Fe 415 steel the client, good ventilation, lighting, acoustics, unobstructed
9. Unit weight of RCC = 25 KN/m2 view in the case of community halls, cinema halls, etc.
10. Beams = 400 × 400 mm sufficient head room, proper water supply and drainage
11. Columns = 600 × 600 mm arrangements, planting of trees etc. bearing all these aspects
12. Wall thickness = 230 mm in mind the architect/engineer has to decide whether it
13. Total height = 20 m should be a load bearing structure or R.C.C framed structure
14. Floor height = 4m or a steel structure etc.
15. Stilt Floor height = 3.1m
16. Plinth height = 0.9 m D. Structural Design
Structural design is an art and science of understanding
III. METHODOLOGY the behavior of structural members subjected to loads and
The process of analysis and design commences with designing them with economy and elegance to give a safe,
analyzing, planning of the structure, primarily to meet its serviceable and durable structure
functional requirements. Initially, the requirements proposed
by the client are taken into consideration. 1. Stages in Structural Design
The work in this paper is carried out as follows The process of structural design involves the following
1) Analyzing the structure by frame analysis and stages
approximate method  Structural planning
2) Functional design  Computation of loads
3) Structural design of elements  Methods of analysis
4) Working with STAAD. Pro.  Design of Structural elements
A. Approximate method Structural Planning: After getting an architectural plan of
This project is worked out by approximate method of the buildings, the structural planning of the building frame is
analysis. Approximate analysis of hyper static structure done. This involves determination of the following
provides a simple means of obtaining a quick solution for
 Positioning and orientation of columns
preliminary design. It makes some simplifying assumptions
 Position of beams
regarding Structural behavior so to obtain a rapid solution to
 Spanning of slabs
complex structures. The usual process comprises reducing
the given indeterminate configuration to determine structural  Layout of stairs
system by introducing adequate no of hinges. It is possible to  Selecting proper type of footing
sketch the deflected profile of the structure for the given

International Journal of Advanced Technology and Innovative Research

Volume. 09, IssueNo.03, March-2017, Pages: 0529-0536
 Static Analysis and Design of Multi- Storied (G+4) Residential Building using Staad-Pro 2007
The basic principle in deciding the layout of competent Load on storey 1 (dead load + live load):
members is that the loads should be transferred to the • From slab =1.79 + 0.66 KN/m2
foundation along the shortest path. • Floor walls =3.68 + 0 KN/m2
• Ground floor wall =2.60 + 0 KN/m2
E. Computation of Loads  Secondary beams = 0.49 + 0 KN/ m2
The loads are broadly classified as vertical loads, horizontal • Main beams =0.77 + 0 KN/m2
loads, and longitudinal loads. The vertical load consists of • Columns =0.77 + 0 KN/m2
dead load, live load, impact load. The horizontal loads • Total load =10.1 + 0 .66 KN/m2
comprises of wind load and earth quake load. The
longitudinal loads (viz, tractive and braking forces are Load on plinth(dead load + live load)
considered in special cases of design of bridges, design of • Ground floor walls =2.60 + 0 KN/m2
gantry girders etc.) • Walls at 0.6m =0.71 + 0 KN/m2
1. Dead load • Main beams =0.77 + 0 KN/m2
Dead loads are permanent or stationary loads which are • Columns =0.46 + 0 KN/m2
transferred to the structure throughout their life span. Dead • Total load =4.54 + 0 KN/m2
load is primarily due to self weight of structural members,
permanent partition walls, fixed permanent equipment and Table 1. Distribution of load at different floor levels
weighs of different materials.

2. Imposed loads or Live loads

The imposed loads to be assumed in buildings Imposed
loads do not include loads due to wind, seismic activity,
snow, and loads imposed due to temperature changes to
which the structure will be subjected to, creep and shrinkage
of the structure, the differential settlements to which the
structure may undergo.
Live load : 2.00 KN/m2 on all typical floors
Total weight on building (W) = ((4.34+0.22) +
1.50 N/m2 on the terrace.
((7.15+0.66)x3) + (10.1 + 0.66) +(4.54+0)
= 40.43 + 2.86 KN/m2
3. Seismic Load
Design Seismic Load:
Seismic Weight Calculations: The infill walls in upper floors may contain large openings,
The seismic weights are calculated in a manner similar to
although the solid walls are considered in load calculations.
gravity loads. The weight of columns and walls in any storey
Therefore, fundamental time period T is obtained by using
shall be equally distributed to the floors above and below the
the following
storey. Following reduced live loads are used for analysis:
Formula:
Zero on terrace, and 25% on other floors (IS: 1893 (Part 1):
Ta = 0.075 h0.75[IS 1893 (Part 1):2002, Clause 7.6.1]
2002)
= 0.075 x (9.285)0.75
Slab weight: 0.120x25 = 3 KN/m2
= 0.39 sec. (in X direction)
Floor finishes = 1.0 KN/m2
Floor load on terrace = 4.34 KN/m2
Ta = 0.075 h0.75[IS 1893 (Part 1):2002, Clause 7.6.1]
Floor load on 2,3,4 storeys = 7.15KN/m2
= 0.075 x (17.5)0.75
Floor load on 1ststorey = 10.0KN/m2
= 0.64 sec. (in Z direction)
Load on terrace (dead load+ live load): Zone factor, Z = 0.16 for Zone III (IS: 1893 (Part 1): 2002,
 Self weight from slab =1.79 +0.22 KN/m2 Table 2
 Parapet load = 0.85 + 0 KN/m2 Importance factor, I = 1 (residential building) Medium soil
 Self weight on main beams=0.77 + 0 KN/m2 site and 5% damping
 Self weight on secondary beams= 0.44+0KN/m2 Ah = Sa/g x I/2 x Z/R
 Self weight on columns =0.49 + 0 KN/m2 In X – Direction Sa/g =2.5 →Ah=0.04
 Total weight on floor =4.34 + 0.22 KN/m2
In Z – Direction Sa/g = 2.125→ Ah=0.0306
Load on storey’s 2, 3, 4 (dead load+ live load):
 From slab =1.79 + 0.66 KN/m2 Design Seismic Base Shear
 Wall load =3.68 + 0 KN/m2 The total design lateral force or design seismic base shear
 Secondary beams = 0.44 + 0 KN/ m2 (Vb) along any principal direction shall be determined by the
 Main beams =0.77 + 0 KN/m2 following expression:
 Columns =0.49 + 0 KN/m2 Vb = Ah W
 Total load =7.15 + 0.66 KN/m2 Vb (In X direction) = 433.08 KN
Vb (In Z direction) = 331.3 KN
International Journal of Advanced Technology and Innovative Research
Volume. 09, IssueNo.03, March-2017, Pages: 0529-0536
 NARENDRA KUMAR ADAPA
W = Seismic weight of all the floors
Ah = Horizontal Acceleration

Fig 2. Accidental Eccentricity Inducing Torsion in the Fig 4. Gravity loads in Frame A-A.
Building

F. Analysis of frame
A multi- storied frame consists of beams and columns
whose degree of indeterminacy is very high. The design of
various members such as beams, columns trusses requires
bending moment, shear force and direct thrust at all sections.

Loading frames: The loading frames using the above

calculated beam loads. However, because of symmetry ,
frames A-A ,1-1, 2-2 only shown. It may also be noted that
since LL < (3/4) DL in all beams, the loading pattern as
specified by clause 22.4.1 (a) of IS 456 -2000 is not
necessary. Therefore design dead load plus design live load
is considered on all spans as per recommendations of clause
22.4.1 (b) in design of columns, it will be noted that DL+ LL
combination seldom governs in earthquake resistant design
except where live load is very high. IS 875 -1987 allows
reduction in live load for design of columns and footings.
This reduction has not been considered.

Fig 5. Gravity loads of frame 1-1.

G. LOAD COMBINATIONS
As per IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 Clause no. 6.3.1.2, the
following load cases have to be considered for analysis:
 1.5 (DL + IL)
 1.2 (DL + IL ± EL)
 1.5 (DL ± EL)
Fig 3. Typical Floor Plan.  0.9 DL ± 1.5 EL
International Journal of Advanced Technology and Innovative Research
Volume. 09, IssueNo.03, March-2017, Pages: 0529-0536
 Static Analysis and Design of Multi- Storied (G+4) Residential Building using Staad-Pro 2007
Earthquake load must be considered for +X, -X, +Z and –
Z directions. Moreover, accidental eccentricity can be such
that it causes clockwise or anticlockwise moments.
IV. DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS
Structural members are the primary load bearing
components of a building. The structure of a building
constitutes about 30% of the construction cost. Good
structural design can result in cost efficient building. The
procedure for analysis and design o f a given building will
depend on the type of building, its complexity, the number
of stories etc. First the architectural drawings of the building
are studied, structural system is finalized sizes of structural
members are decided and brought to the knowledge o f the
concerned engineer. Structural elements of building are:
1. Slabs
2. Beams
3. Columns
4. Footings
A. Slabs
Slab design: Slabs are plate elements forming floors and
roofs of building and carrying distributed loads primarily by
flexure. A slab may be supported by beams or walls and may
be used as the flange of a T or L-beam. The common shapes
of slabs are square, rectangular, triangular and circular.
Slabs are classified mainly into two types:
1. One-way slabs
2. Two-way slabs
Fig 6. Design details of slab.
B. Beams:
Beams transfer load from slabs to columns .beams are
designed for bending. In general we have two types of beam:
single and double. Similar to columns geometry and
perimeters of the beams are assigned. Design beam
command is assigned and analysis is carried out, now
reinforcement details are taken.
International Journal of Advanced Technology and Innovative Research
Volume. 09, IssueNo.03, March-2017, Pages: 0529-0536
1. Beam design
A reinforced concrete beam should be able to resist
tensile, compressive and shear stress induced in it by loads
on the beam.
There are three types of reinforced concrete beams
1.) Single reinforced beams
2.) Double reinforced concrete
3.) Flanged beams
2. Procedure to design of beams and Flanged beams
 Analysis: The beam is analyzed first in order to
calculate the internal actions such as Bending Moment
and Shear Force. A simplified substitute frame analysis
can be used for determining the bending moments and
shearing forces at any floor or roof level due to gravity
loads. The Moment distribution method is used for this
purpose.
 Loads: In order to analyze the frame, it is needed to
calculate the loads to which the beams are subjected to.
The different loadings are as follows:
 Uniformly Distributed Load: (w) in kN/m
The load transferred from the slab per metre length
will be either rectangular from one way slab or
trapezoidal/ triangular from two-way slab. Depending
on the position of the slab, the loading may be decided.
In the case of two way slabs, trapezoidal load comes
from the longer side while the triangular load comes
from the shorter side.
 Slab on the Right side: The load transferred from the
slab on the right side is denoted as ws2 and the slab from
the left side is denoted as ws1.
The equivalent U.D.L to evaluate shear force from a
𝑤𝑙𝑥
slab = 1
3 1−
3β 2
The equivalent U.D.L to evaluate bending moment from
𝑤𝑙𝑥
a slab= 1
4 1−
2β
Where β=1 for triangular loads & β=ly/lx for trapezoidal
loads.
3. Design Moment
While designing it should first be noted if it is a flanged
section or a rectangular section. Most of the intermediate
beams are designed as rectangular sections. The main beams
may be designed as flanged sections. For rectangular beams,
the maximum depth of N.A lies at the centre. For flanged
sections, check if the N.A lies within the flange or not and
then proceed to calculate the moment. The dimensions of
flanged section as designed as per the code IS: 456-2000 as
per Clause 23.1. Either way, for a singly reinforced section,
Mu = 0.367fck.bf.xu(d-0.42xu)
If design moment Md calculated through frame analysis is
less than Mu, then N.A is known to lie within the flange.
This is the case that usually governs the slab-beam
construction.
Md
Main steel : 𝐴𝑠𝑡 =
0.87 fy(d−0.42 xu )
 NARENDRA KUMAR ADAPA
If it is a flanged section, replace d by Df.  Shape of the section
The continuous beams at supports are generally required to  Slenderness ratio (A=L+D)
be designed as a doubly reinforced section.  Type of loading, land
 Pattern of lateral reinforcement.
Check for deflection: In the case of beam, deflection
criteria is normally satisfied, because L/d <16 and hence
computations are skipped

Fig 7. Reinforcement details of main beam

C. Columns:
A column or strut is a compression member, which is used
primary to support axial compressive loads and with a height Fig 8. Column 208 reinforcement details
of at least three it is least lateral dimension. A reinforced
concrete column is said to be subjected to axially loaded V. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING STAAD PRO
when line of the resultant thrust of loads supported by A. Working frame:
column is coincident with the line of C.G 0f the column the
longitudinal direction.

1. Axial load and biaxial bending

The resistance of a member subjected to axial force and
biaxial bending shall be obtained on the basis of assumptions
given in 38.1 and 38.2 with neutral axis so chosen as to
satisfy the equilibrium of load and moment about two weeks.
Alternatively such members may be designed by the
following equation:

(Mux / Muy) αn + (Muy/ Muy1)αn<=1.0

Mux& Muy=moment about x and Y axis due to design loads

Mux1&Muy1=maximum uniaxial moment capacity for an
axial load of Pu bending about x and y axis respectively. αn
is related to Pu/puz

Puz=0.45 x fck x Ac+0.75 x fy x Asc

For values of Pu/Puz=0.2 to 0.8, the values of αn vary Fig 9. G+4 storey building frame
linearly from 1.0 to 2.0 for values less than 0.2, αn is values
greater than 0.8 , αn is 2.0. B. Generation of member property
Generation of member property can be done in STAAD.
The main duty of column is to transfer the load to the soil Pro by using the window as shown above. The member
safely; columns are designed for compression and moment. section is selected and the dimensions have been specified.
The cross section of the column generally increases from one The beams are having a dimension of 0.4 * 0.4 m and the
floor to another floor due to the addition of both live and columns are having a dimension of 0.6 * 0.6 m
dead load from the top floors. Also the amount if load
depends on number of beams the columns is connected to. 1. Supports
As beam transfer half of the load to each column it is The base supports of the structure were assigned as fixed.
connected. A column may be classify based on deferent The supports were generated using the STAAD.Pro support
criteria such as generator.
International Journal of Advanced Technology and Innovative Research
Volume. 09, IssueNo.03, March-2017, Pages: 0529-0536
 Static Analysis and Design of Multi- Storied (G+4) Residential Building using Staad-Pro 2007

Fig 10. Support Assignment. Fig 13. Structure under DL from Slab.

2. Materials for the structure 1. Live load

The materials for the structure were specified as concrete The live load considered in each floor was 2.0 KN/sq m
with their various constants as per standard IS code of and for the terrace level it was considered to be 1.5 KN/sq m.
practice. The live loads were generated in a similar manner as done in
the earlier case for dead load in each floor. This may be done
3. Loading from the member load button from the load case column
The loadings were calculated partially manually and rest
was generated using STAAD. Pro load generator. The
loading cases were categorized as:
 Self-weight
 Dead load from slab
 Live load
 Seismic load
 Load combinations

Fig 14. Structure Under Live Load.

Fig 11. Window Analyzing Loads. B. Seismic load

The seismic load values were calculated as per IS 1893-
2002. STAAD. Pro has a seismic load generator in
accordance with the IS code mentioned.

1. Description
The seismic load generator can be used to generate lateral
loads in the X and Z directions only. Y is the direction of
gravity loads. This facility has not been developed for cases
where the Z axis is set to be the vertical direction using the
“SET Z UP” command.
2. Methodology
The design base shear is computed by STAAD in
Fig 12. Load Distribution by Trapezoidal Method. accordance with the IS: 1893(Part 1)-2002.
V = Ah x W
International Journal of Advanced Technology and Innovative Research
Volume. 09, IssueNo.03, March-2017, Pages: 0529-0536
 NARENDRA KUMAR ADAPA
Where, Ah = (Z x I x Sa)/ (2 x R x g) STAAD utilizes the
following procedure to generate the lateral seismic loads.
 User provides seismic zone co-efficient and desired
"1893(Part 1)-2002 specs" through the DEFINE 1893
LOAD command.
 Program calculates the structure period (T).
 Program calculates Sa/g utilizing T.
 Program calculates V from the above equation. W is
obtained from the weight data provided by the user
through the DEFINE 1893 LOAD command.
The total lateral seismic load (base shear) is then
distributed by the program among different levels of the
structure per the IS: 1893(Part 1)-2002 procedures
Fig 15. Structure under Seismic Load.
C. Load combination
The structure has been analyzed for load combinations
considering all the previous loads in proper ratio.
Fig 16. Under Combination With Load.
 VI. CONCLUSION
 The complete details and the necessity of the Multi-
Storied building have been explained in the introduction
part. Live loads and dead loads are taken into
consideration and analysis is done manually.
International Journal of Advanced Technology and Innovative Research
Volume. 09, IssueNo.03, March-2017, Pages: 0529-0536
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 Manual analysis comprises of load distribution of slabs
on to beams and calculation of bending moment and
shear force by approximate method.
 From the comparison between the outcomes of the
assessment procedures and the analytical results
important drawbacks of the current codified approaches
for the assessment of torsional unbalanced multi-storey
buildings were highlighted.
 Static analysis is carried out by considering lateral loads
irrespective of time. Wind loads are not considered as
with in the height limitations of locality. Seismic load
factor Z is taken as 0.16 as the project area belongs to
seismic zone –III. With the help of STAAD-Pro
software, calibrated loadings are executed and results
are compared with manual analysis which were
satisfactory No .of nodes in Building frame 132, No of
beams – 253.
 Further, to get a complete response of a structure for
different loads apart from the static analysis we should
go for dynamic analysis which is calibrated with
reference to Response spectrum, Time History Analysis.
.
VII. REFERENCES
[1] Basic Principles of Analysis and Design of an RCC
Framed Structures by Prof. H. R.Surya Prakash S. Krishna
Murthy
[2] V.Varalakshmi, G. Shiva Kumar and R. Sunil Sarma,
Analysis and Design of G+5 residential building, mini
project report, Marri Laxman Reddy Institute of Technology
and Management, Dundigal, Hyderabad, India-2014.
[3] P. Jayachandran and S. Rajasekaran, Structural Design of
Multi-story Residential Building for in Salem, India, mini
project report, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore,
Tamil Nadu, India-2006.
[4] Mahesh Suresh Kumawat and L.G. Kalurkar, Analysis
and Design of multistory building using composite structure-
2014.
[5] Divya kmath, K.Vandana Reddy, Analysis and Design of
reinforced concrete structures-A G+5 building model, mini
project report, Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering
and Technology, Hyderabad, India- 2012.
[6] The code books referred for this project are:
 IS 456:2000 (reinforced concrete for general building
construction)
 IS 875, part 1, 1987(dead loads for building and
structures)
 IS 875, part 2, 1987(imposed loads for buildings and
structures)
 SP 16 (design aids for IS 456).