CHAPTER 4: JUNG’S ANALYTICAL separation troubled young Carl.
he felt distrustful
PSYCHOLOGY
Analytical Psychology - Occult phenomena can
and do influence the lives of everyone
Collective Unconscious - we are motivated not
only be repressed experiences, but also certained
emotionally toned experiences inherited from our
ancestors
Archetypes - highly developed collective
unconscious
We are compendium opposites. People are both
introverted and extroverted; rational and irrational;
male and female; conscious and unconscious;
pushed by past events while being pulled by future
expectations.
Goal is to balance the two opposing
sides of your personality
Carl Jung
- Father of Analytical Psychology
- July 26 1875 -June 6, 1961
- Born in Kesswil, Switzerland
- Paternal Grandfather - prominent physician in
Basel, one of the best known men of the city
- Father, Johann Paul Jung : minister in the
Swiss Reformed Church
- Mother, Emilie Preiswerk Jung - daughter of a
theologian
- Both medicine and religion were prevalent in his
family
- Maternal grandfather, Samuel Preiswerk :
believer in the occult and often talked to the dead.
He kept an empty chair of his first wife and had
regular and intimate conversations with her.
Carl’s Parents
- Father : described as sentimental idealist with
strong doubts about his religious faith
- Mother : saw as having two separate
dispositions . She was realistic, practical and
warm-hearted but unstable, mystical, clairvoyant,
archaic and ruthless.
- Jung identified more with his second side which
he called as her No. 2 or night personality
- Separated from his mother, who had to be
hospitalized for several months, and this
whenever the word love was mentioned.
- He felt he didn’t receive the care
from his mother
Childhood
- He still associated woman with unrealistic ability
whereas the word father meant reliable, but
powerless
- He learned at an early age not to trust or confide
in either parent and by extension, not to trust the
rest of the world.
- He turned away from the conscious world of
reason and ventured inward to the world of his
visions, dreams, and fantasies .
School years
- Gradually became aware of two separate
aspects of himself (No. 1 and No. 2
Personalities )
- At first, he saw both personalities as part of his
own personal world, but during adolescence he
became aware of the No. 2 personality as a
reflection of something other than himself - an
old man long since dead. Been in touch with
feelings of intuitions that No. 1 personality did not
perceive.
College
- Jung resolved all problems and made decisions
based on what his unconscious told him through
his dreams.
- Originally wanted to become an Archeologist.
When he was ready to enter college, his major
field was revealed in his dream. He saw himself
unearthing bones of prehistoric animals deep
beneath the earth’s surface (archeology).
Medical School
- Attended a series of seances with relatives from
the Preiswerk family, including his first cousin
who claimed can communicate with dead
people.
Marriage
- Married the second wealthiest heiress in all
Switzerland, Emma
- Had four daughters and one son
- Maintained a highly formal, rigid approach to
raising their daughters. They had limited physical
 contact and insisted that there would be no
hugging or kissing of the children.
Jung and Freud
- Read the interpretation of Dreams and moved to
begin interpreting his own dreams
- First meeting: lasted for 13 hours
- Freud was 20 years old older than Jung
- First president of the International Psychoanalytic
Association
- G. Stanley Hall (first psychologists in the US)
invited them to series of talk lectures at Clark
University
- Began to interpret each other’s dreams
- Freud became interested in the two skulls, he
insisted that Jung associated the skulls to some
death wish (lead to their separation).
- Wish of the death of the wife and sister in law.
Jung and his affairs
- He was not newly married but had been married
for nearly 7 years and for the previous 5 of those
years, he was deeply involved in an intimate
relationship with a former patient named Sabina
Spielrein
- Jung needed more than 1 woman to satisfy the
two aspects of his personality
- He shared his life with Emma and another patient
named Antonia (Toni) Wolff
- Emma Jung seemed to have better related with
his No.1 Personality while Antonia related with
his No. 2 Personality.
- The 3-way relationship was not always amiable,
but Emma realized that Toni Wolff could do more
for Carl that she, or anyone else could and she
remained grateful for Wolff.
Difference of Jung and Freud
- Jung did not believe in the Oedipus Complex
because he saw his mother as fat and
unattractive
- He developed no inhivitions about sex. Preferred
the company of women over men and
surrounded himself with adoring female patients
and disciples.
- He warned his female disciples that they would
fall in love with him
- Did not hesitate to begin sexual liaisons with his
patients.
Creative Illness
- Similar with freu’s self-analysis
- Both men began their search for their self
in their late 30s or early 40s; Freud as a
reaction to the death of his father; Jung
as a result of his split with his spiritual
father (Freud).
- Jung considered suicide and kept a gun
next to his bed incase he felt he had to
pass beyond the point of no return.
- He was haunted by visions of a bloody
apocalypse and widespread carnage and
desolation. “Travels the land of the dead,
falls in love with a woman he later realizes
is his sister, get squeezed by a giant
serpent, and eat the liver of a little child.”
Death of Jung
- Died June 6, 1961, a few weeks short of his
86th birthday
- At the time of his death, his reputation was
worldwide extending beyond psychology, to
include philosophy, religion and popular
culture.
Analytical Psychology
Levels of Psyche
- Believed in the conscious and unconscious
mind
- Most important portion of the unconscious is
from the collective unconscious.
Conscious
- Images that are sensed by the ego
- Ego: center of consciousness but not the
core of personality
- Psychologically Healthy - ego takes a
secondary position to the unconscious self.
Have contact with the conscious self but
allow to experience the unconscious self.
Personal Unconscious
- All repressed, forgotten or subliminally
perceived experiences of one particular
individual
- Contains repressed infantile memories and
impulses, forgotten events, and xperiences
originally perceived below the threshold of
our consciousness
- Unique to each of us
- Content is called complexes : patterns of
memories and emotions with common
themes.
Collective Unconscious
- Most controversial and most distinct
concept
- Has roots in the ancestral past of the entire
species
- Inherited and passed from one generation to
the next as physical potential
- Content are more or less the same for
people in all cultures
- Active and influences a person’s thoughts,
emotions and actions
- Produces “big dreams” > dreams with
meaning beyond the individual dreamer and
that are filled with significances for people of
every time and place
- Does not refer to inherited ideas but rather
to human’s innate tendency to react in a
particular way whenever their experiences
stimulate biologically inherited response
tendency.
- Countless repetitions of these typical
situations have made them part of the
human biological constitution
- Ast first, they are “forms without content
representing merely the possibility of a
certain type of perception and action”
- With more repetitions, these forms begin to
develop some content and to emerge as
relatively autonomous archetypes.
Archetypes
- Ancient images derived from the collective
unconscious
- Emotionally toned collections of associated
images
- Different from instinct : unconscious
physical impulse toward action
- Psychic counterpart to instinct
- Each with a life and personality of its own
- Have biological basis but originated through
the repeated experiences of human’s early
ancestors
- Countless number of archetypes exist within
each person but only few have evolved to
the point where they can be conceptualized
- Dreams : main source of archetypal
material
Types of Archetypes
1. Persona
- Side of personality that people show to the
world
- Refers to the mask worn by actors
- Each person should project a particular role,
one that society dictates to each of us
(expectations of society)
- Although the persona is a necessary side of
our personality, we should not confuse our
public face with your complete self. If we
identify too closely to our persona, we
remain unconscious of our identity and are
blocked from attaining self-actualization.
- Psychologically Healthy > balance within
the demands of the society and what we
truly are
2. Shadow
- Archetype of darkness and repression
- Represents those qualities we don't wish to
acknowledge but attempts to hide from
ourselves and others
- Contains immoral, passionate, and
unacceptable desires and activities.
- We must continually strive to know our
shadow and that this quest is our first test of
courage
 - People who never realize their shadow, may
heaven, home, country, Nature, Mother Earth, a
come under its power and lead tragic lives, church, hollow objects step mother, or a witch
constantly running into “bad luck” and like oven and cooking
reaping harvests of defeat and utensils
discouragement from themselves.
Wise Old Man
3. Anima - Archetype of wisdom and meaning
- Jung believed that all human are - Symbolizes human’s preexisting knowledge
psychologically bisexual of the mysteries of life
- Feminine side of men - Personified dreams as father, grandfather,
- Few men become well acquainted with their teacher, philosopher, guru, doctor, or priest
anima because this task requires greater - Appears in fairy tales as kind, the sage, or
courage and even more difficult than the magician who comes to the aud of the
becoming acquainted with their shadow troubled protagonist
- Second test of courage
- Originated from the early men’s experiences Hero
with women (mother, sister, lover) - Represented in mythology and legends as a
- Represents the irrational moods and powerful person who fights against great
feelings odds to conquer or vanquish evil in the
- Appears in dreams, visions, and fantasies in forms of dragons, monsters, serpents or
a personified form. demons
- The image of the hero touches an archetype
4. Animus within us, as demonstrated by our
- Masculine archetype of women fascination with the heroes of movies,
- Represents the thinking and reasoning novels, plays, and TV programs. When the
- Originates from the encounters of hero conquers the villain, they free us from
prehistoric women with men feelings of impotence and misery, at the
- Appears in dreams, visions and fantasies in same time serving as our model for the ideal
a personified form personality
- An immortal person with no weakness
5. Great Mother cannot be a hero
- Possessed by both men and women Self
- Represents two opposing forces - Inherited tendency to move toward growth,
- Fertility and power combine to form the perfection and completion
concept of rebirth: process of reincarnation, - Most comprehensive of all archetypes
baptism, resurrection, and individuation or - Archetypes of archetypes because it pulls
self- realization together all archetypes and unites them in
- People are moved by a desire to be the process of self-realization
reborn, that is to reach - Symbol : mandala, represents the striving of
self-actualization, nirvana, heaven or the collective unconscious for unity, balance
perfection. and wholeness
- Both personal and collective unconscious
images
Fertility & Nourishment Power & Destruction

> Capable of producing > Devour or neglect her

and sustaining life offspring
> symbolized by tree, > God-mother, the
garden, plowed field, sea, mother of God, Mother of
 given set of > Activates the
environmental unconscious psyche.
conditions An essential in the
solution of most
problems

Psychological Types
Attitudes
- A predisposition to act and react in a
characteristic decision
- Each person has both introverted and
extroverted attitude

They can be distinguished in terms of the direction

of the energy we give off
Mandala
- Presents the perfect self, the archetype of order, Introversion: inward psychic energy;
unity and totality extraversion: outward psychic energy
- Includes the conscious and the unconscious
mind, and it unites the opposing elements of the Introversion Extraversion
psyche - male and female; good and evil; light
and dark forces > turning inward of > Turning outward of
psychic energy with an psychic energy
orientation toward the > A person is oriented
Self-Realization subjective toward the objective
- People must overcome their fear of the > Tuned in to their inner and away from the
unconscious; prevent their persona from world with all its biases, subjective.
dominating their personality; recognize the dark fantasies, dreams, and > more influenced by
side of themselves (shadow); and muster even individualized their surroundings than
greater courage to face their anima or animus. perceptions their inner world.
> Perceive the external
world but they do so
Dynamics of Personality selectively and with
their own subjective
Causality Teleology view

> Holds the present > Holds the present Introversion and Extroversion
events have their origin events are motivated by
- People are neither introverted nor
in previous experiences goals and aspirations
for the future that direct completely extroverted
a person’s destiny - Psychologically healthy people = attain
balance of the two attitudes, feeling equally
comfortable with their internal and external
Progression Regression worlds

> Adaptation to the > Inner world relies on

Functions
outside world involves the backward flow
the forward flow of psychic energy - Can combine with introversion and
psychic energy > Necessary backward extraversion and form eight possible
> Inclines a person to steps in the successful orientations or types
react consistently to a attainment of goal
 - Usually appear in hierarchy, with one 3. Sensing - function that receives physical
occupying a superior position, another a stimuli and transmits them to perceptual
secondary position, and the other two consciousness
inferior position - Individual’s perception of
- A person who has theoretically achieved sensory impulses
self-realization or individualization would
have four functions highly developed
Introverted Sensing Extroverted Sensing

Types of function > largely influenced by > perceive external

1. Thinking - logical intellectual activity that their subjective stimuli objectively
produces a chain of ideas. (logical self) sensations of sight, - Proofreaders,
taste, smell. Touch, house painter,
sound. Guided by their wine taster, any
Introverted Thinking Extraverted Thinking interpretation of sense other jobs
stimuli not the stimuli demanding
> react to their external > rely heavily on themselves sensory
stimuli but their concrete (or objective) - Portraits artists, discriminations
interpretation of an thought but they may classical
event is colored more also use abstract ideas musicians
by the internal (or if these ideas have
subjected) meaning been transmitted to
they bring with them them without the other 4. Intuiting - perception beyond the working of
than by the objective people consciousness
facts themselves - Mathematicians,
- Inventors, engineers,
philosophers accountants Introverted Intuitive Extroverted Intuitive

> guided by > oriented toward facts

2. Feeling - process of evaluating an idea or unconscious in the external world.
event perception of facts that Suppress sensory
- Evaluation of every conscious are basically subjective stimuli and guided by
and have little to no hunches and guesses
activity even without an emotional
resemblance to - Some inventors,
content. external reality religious
- Mystics, reformers
prophets,
Introverted Feeling Extroverted Feeling
surrealist
> base their value > use objective data to artists, religious
judgements primarily make evaluations. fanatics
on subjective Likely to be a at ease in
perceptions rather than social situations, well
objective facts liked because of their
- Art appraisers, sociability, but their
subjective quest to conform to
movie critics social standards may
make them appear
artificial, shallow and
unreliable.
- business
people,
politicians,
objective movie
critics

Personality Development
Stages of Development
- Emphasis on the second half of life (35-40
years old) when a person has the
opportunity to bring together various aspects
of personality and attain self-realization.
*jung compares the stages of life to the sun’s
journey through the sky, with the brilliance of the
sun presenting consciousness
General Period of Development
Childhood - Early morning sun: full of potential
but still lacks brilliance
Youth - Morning sun: climbing toward the zenith,
but unaware of the impending decline
Middle Life - Early Afternoon Decline : brilliant
like the late morning sun but obviously headed for
the sunset
Old Age - Evening Sun: once bright
consciousness now markedly dimmed
Childhood
1. The Anarchic - chaotic and sporadic
consciousness, experiences enter the
consciousness as primitive images,
incapable of being accurately verbalized.
2. The Monarchic - development of the ego
and beginning of logical and verbal thinking.
Children see themselves objectively and
often see themselves in the third person.
3. The Dualistic - ego as perceiver arises.
Ego is divided into the objective and
subjective, children refer to themselves in
the first person and aware of their existence
as separate individuals
Youth
- Puberty until middle life
- Period of increased activity, maturings
exuality, growing consciousness and
recognition that the problem-free era of
childhood is gone
- Conservative Principle - natural tendency
to cling to the narrow consciousness of
childhood, thus avoiding problems pertinent
to the present time of life
Middle Life
- Begins at approx. 35 to 40 years old
- Period of tremendous potential
- The most significant stage in personality
development
- Look forward to the future with hope and
anticipation, surrender the lifestyle of youth,
discover new meaning in middle life
Old Age
- Death is the goal of life and that life can be
fulfilling only when death is seen in this light
- Most of Jung's patients were middle or older
and many of them suffered from backward
orientation, clinging desperately to goals and
lifestyles of the past and going through the
motions of life aimlessly. Jung treated these
people by helping them establish new goals
and find meaning in living by first finding
meaning in death.
Self-Realization
- Psychological rebirth or individuation
- Process of becoming an individual or whole
person
- The process of coming to selfhood means
that a person has all psychological
components functioning in unity
- Achieved self realization, minimized the
persona, recognized their anima or animus,
and acquired a workable balance between
introversion and extroversion
- Have elevated all four functions to a superior
position
- Extremely rare and only achieved by people
who are able to assimilate their
unconsciousness into their total personality.

Analytical Psychology - essentially a psychology

of opposites and self realization is the process of
integrating the opposite poles into a single
homogenous individual.

“Knowing your own darkness is the best method for

dealing with the darkness of other people”
- Carl Jung