CAR

ANA L J U
LYTI
CAL N G
CHO ’S
PSY
LOG
Y
OVERVIEW OF
ANALYTICAL
PSYCHOLOGY
Analytical psychology, rests
on the assumption that
occult phenomena can and
do influence the lives of
everyone.
Jung believed that each of us is
motivated not only by repressed
experiences but also by certain
emotionally toned experiences
inherited from our ancestors or the
Collective Unconscious
The collective unconscious includes
those elements that we have never
experienced individually but which
have come down to us from our
ancestors. The contents of the
collective unconscious are called
archetypes.
BIOGRAPHY of CARL JUNG
Carl Gustav Jung was Jung’s father, was
born on July 26, 1875, in a minister in the
Switzerland Swiss Reformed
Church, and his
His mother’s family
mother, was the
had a tradition of
daughter of a
spiritualism and
theologian. 8 of
mysticism. His
Jung’s maternal
maternal grandfather,
uncles and 2
was a believer in the
paternal uncles
occult and often talked
were pastors.
to the dead.
Jung’s parents He saw his mother as An emotional and
had three having two separate sensitive child, Jung
children, a son dispositions. On one identified more with
born before hand, she was realistic, this second side of his
Carl but who practical, and mother or her No. 2 or
lived only 3 warmhearted, but on night personality.
days and a the other, she was
daughter 9 unstable, mystical,
years younger clairvoyant, archaic,
than Carl. Thus, and ruthless.
Jung’s early life At age 3, Jung was separated
was that of an from his mother, who was
only child. hospitalized for several months
 During his school In Jung’s own
years, Jung became theory of attitudes,
aware of two his No. 1 personality
separate aspects of was extraverted
his self - his No. 1 and and in tune to the
No. 2 personalities. objective world,
During adolescence whereas his No. 2
he became aware of personality was
the No. 2 personality introverted and
as a reflection of an directed inward
old man long since toward his
dead. subjective world.
 Jung had read Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams soon after it
appeared, but was not much impressed with it. When he reread
the book a few years later, he had a better understanding of and
was moved to begin interpreting his own dreams. In 1906, Jung
and Freud began a steady correspondence.

In 1907, Freud invited Carl and Emma to Vienna. Immediately,

both they both developed a strong mutual respect and affection
for one another, talking during their first meeting
for 13 straight hrs. Freud believed that Jung was the
ideal person to be his successor.
 The two men There are 2 women who shared Jung’s life
journeyed to for nearly 40 years. His wife Emma and
America in 1909. another former patient named Antonia
During their 7-week (Toni) Wolff. Emma Jung seemed to have
trip an underlying related better to Jung’s No. 1 personality
tension between while Toni Wolff was more in touch
Jung and Freud with his No. 2 personality.
slowly began to Emma Jung accepted this
simmer. This set-up and realized that Toni
personal tension Wolff could do more for Carl
began when they than she (or anyone else)
interpret each could, and she remained
other’s dreams. grateful to Wolff.
 After Jung and Freud returned from their trip to the
US, personal and theoretical differences became more intense
as their friendship cooled. In 1913, they terminated their
communication, and In 1914, Jung resigned presidency and
membership in the International Psychoanalytic Association.

Jung experienced sexual assault when he was 18 from a

man “he once worshipped”. In 1907, Jung wrote to Freud of
his “boundless admiration” for him and confessed that his
veneration “has something of the character of a ‘religious’
crush” and that it had an “undeniable erotic undertone”.
This, according to Alan Elms (1994) together with the
experience of sexual assault may have been the major
reasons why Jung eventually broke up with Freud.
From 1913 to 1917, Jung was filled with loneliness
and self-analysis. He underwent “creative
illness” a term Henri Ellenberger (1970) had used
to describe Freud in the years immediately
following his father’s death.
During this period he became
acquainted with his personal
unconscious, and the contents
of his collective unconscious -
the archetypes.
He heard his anima
speak to him in a clear
feminine voice; he
discovered his shadow,
he spoke with the wise
old man and the great
mother and finally, near
the end of his journey,
he achieved a kind of
psychological rebirth
called individuation.

His wife died in 1955 and 6 yrs later (June 6,

1961) , in he followed.
 as far as we can
discern, the sole
purpose of human
existence is to kindle a
light of meaning in
the darkness of mere
being.
 LEVELS OF PSYCHE
CONSCIOUS EGO
conscious images ego is the center of consciousness, but not
are those that are the core of personality. In a psychologically
sensed by the ego. healthy person, the ego takes a secondary
This plays a position to the unconscious self. Healthy
relatively minor role people are in contact with their conscious
in Jung’s Theory. world, but also allow themselves to
experience unconscious self and thus achieve
individuation.
 LEVELS OF PSYCHE
UNCONSCIOUS
PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS
embraces all repressed, forgotten,
or subliminally perceived
experiences of one particular
individual. Contents of the personal
unconscious are called complexes.
A complex is an emotionally toned
conglomeration of associated ideas.
COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS
The physical contents of the
collective unconscious are inherited
and passed from one generation to
the next as psychic potential. The
contents of the collective
unconscious are more or less
the same for people in all cultures
 LEVELS OF PSYCHE
COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS
The contents of the collective unconscious actively influence a person’s
thoughts, emotions, and actions. The collective unconscious does not
refer to inherited ideas but rather to humans’ innate tendency to react
in a particular way whenever their experiences stimulate a biologically
inherited response tendency.
Example, a young mother may unexpectedly react with love and
tenderness to her newborn infant, even though she previously had
negative or neutral feelings toward the fetus.
 LEVELS OF PSYCHE
COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS
Archetypes - ancient or archaic images which are contents of the
collective unconscious. Dreams are the main source of archetypal
material, and certain dreams are proof of its existence.
Phylogenetic Endowment - Freud looked first to the unconscious (or
personal unconscious of Jung) and resorted to the phylogenetic
endowment only when individual explanations failed. In contrast, Jung
placed primary emphasis on the collective unconscious (inherited
predispositions) and used personal experiences to complete total
personality.
 ARCHETYPES
PERSONA
The side of personality that
people show to the world.
SHADOW
The archetype of darkness
and repression; represents
qualities we don’t
acknowledge & attempt to
hide from ourselves & others.
To know our shadow is our
first test of courage.
ANIMA
The feminine side of men.
ANIMUS
Masculine archetype in women.
GREAT MOTHER
The great mother,
represents two opposing
forces — fertility and
nourishment on the one
hand and power and
destruction on the other.
WISE OLD MAN
The archetype of wisdom &
meaning; symbolizes
humans’ preexisting
knowledge of the mysteries
of life.
The great mother & wise old man,
are derivatives of anima & animus.
HERO
The hero archetype is
represented in mythology
and legends as a powerful
person, sometimes part
god, who fights against
great odds to conquer or
vanquish evil in the form
of dragons, monsters,
serpents, or demons. In
the end, however, the
hero often is undone by
some seemingly
insignificant person or
event
SELF
The most comprehensive of all
archetypes, the self is the
archetype of archetypes
because it pulls together the
other archetypes and unites
them in the process of self-
realization or individuation.
As an archetype, the self is
symbolized by a person’s ideas
of perfection, completion, and
wholeness. It represents the
striving for unity and
completion.
The self includes both personal
and collective unconscious and
should not be confused with
ego, which represents The mandala represents the perfect self, the archetype of
consciousness only. order, unity, and totality.
DYNAMICS OF PERSONALITY
CAUSALITY & TELEOLOGY
Does motivation spring from past causes or from
teleological goals? Jung insisted that human
behavior is shaped by both causal and
teleological forces.

PROGRESSION & REGRESSION

To achieve self-realization, people must adapt to
their outside environment (progression) and also
adapt to the inner world which lies on a backward
flow of psychic energy (regression).
 PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPES
ATTITUDES - predisposition to act or react in a characteristic direction.
introversion
turning inward of psychic energy with an orientation toward the subjective.

extraversion
turning outward of psychic energy.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPES
thinking
logical intellectual activity that
produces a chain of ideas
extraverted thinking
people rely heavily on concrete
thoughts & objective thinking like
mathematicians & accountants.
introverted thinking
their interpretation of events are
colored more by the internal
meaning than objective facts.
intuition
involves perception beyond the
workings of consciousness.
FUNCTIONS
feeling
the process of evaluating an
idea or event (or valuing).
extraverted feeling
people use objective - external values
and widely accepted standards of
judgment - to make evaluations.
introverted feeling
people base their value judgments
primarily on subjective perceptions
extraverted intuiting
rely to their intuition and using
products of it for the external world.
sensing
function that receives physical
stimuli and transmits them to
perceptual consciousness
extraverted sensing
people perceive external stimuli
objectively, in much the same way
that these stimuli exist in reality.
introverted feeling
people are largely influenced by
their subjective interpretations than
the stimuli itself.
introverted intuiting
guided by unconscious perception of
facts that are subjective w/o
resemblance to external reality.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPES
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
A psychological test developed from Jung's theory of psychological types.
Based on the answers to the questions on the inventory, people are identified as having one of 16
personality types from 4 dichotomies: Introversion vs. Extraversion, Sensing vs. Intuiting, Thinking vs,
Feeling, and Judging vs. Perceiving,

DOWNLOAD FOR FREE HERE:

http://www.lrjj.cn/encrm1.0/public/upload/MBTI-personality-test.pdf
 Stages of Development
He emphasized the second half of life (after age 35 or 40), when a person has the
opportunity to bring together the various aspects of personality and to attain self-realization.
The psychological health of middle-aged people is related to their ability in achieving
balance between the poles of the various opposing processes.

CHILDHOOD
Anarchic phase - chaotic and sporadic consciousness. “Islands of consciousness” may
exist, but these islands have little or no connection among these islands. Experiences here
are incapable of being accurately verbalized.
Monarchic phase - characterized by the development of the ego and by the beginning of
logical and verbal thinking; see themselves objectively and often refer to themselves in the
third person.
Dualistic phase - ego is divided into the objective and subjective. Children now refer to
themselves in the first person and are aware of their existence as separate individuals.
 Stages of Development
YOUTH
Youth is from puberty until middle life. This is the time in which they strive to gain
psychic and physical independence from their parents, find a mate, raise a family, and
make a place in the world.
The major difficulty facing youth is overcoming the natural tendency to cling to
the narrow consciousness of childhood, thus avoiding problems pertinent to the present
time of life. This desire to live in the past is called the conservative principle.

MIDDLE LIFE
Middle life begins at approximately age 35 or 40. The physical decline can present
middle-aged people with increasing anxieties, but middle life is also a period of
tremendous potential.
Some middle age cling to their youthfulness which makes this stage difficult for them to
deal with.
 Stages of Development
OLD AGE
If people fear life during the early years, then they will almost certainly fear death during
the later ones. Fear of death is often taken as normal, but Jung believed that death is the
goal of life and that life can be fulfilling only when death is seen in this light.

Most of Jung’s patients were middle aged or older, and many of them suffered
from a backward orientation, clinging desperately to goals and lifestyles of
the past and going through the motions of life aimlessly. Jung treated these people
by helping them establish new goals and find meaning in living by first finding
meaning in death.
 Psychological rebirth, also called self-realization or

SELF - individuation, is the process of becoming an individual

or whole person.

REALIZATION Analytical psychology is essentially a psychology of

opposites, and self-realization is the process
of integrating the opposite poles into a single

OR homogeneous individual.

People who have gone through this process have

INDIVIDUATION achieved realization of the self, minimized their

persona, recognized their anima or animus, and
acquired a workable balance between introversion
and extraversion. In addition, these self-realized
individuals have elevated all four of the
functions to a superior position
 methods of investigation
WORD ASSOCIATION TEST
The basic purpose of the test in Jungian psychology today is to uncover feeling-toned
complexes. WAT consists a list of about 100 stimulus words chosen and arranged to
elicit an emotional reaction. The client is instructed to respond with the first word that
comes to mind. Verbal response, time taken to make a response, rate of breathing, and
galvanic skin response are recorded. Usually, he would repeat the experiment to
determine test-retest consistency.
EX. OF WORDS:

HEAD
EX. OF WORDS:

tO ABUSE
EX. OF WORDS:

GREEN
EX. OF WORDS:

DEAD
EX. OF WORDS:

to sin
EX. OF WORDS:
 methods of investigation
DREAM ANALYSIS
He objected to Freud’s notion that nearly all dreams are wish fulfillments. Jung
believed that people used symbols to represent a variety of concepts—not sexual
ones—to try to comprehend the “innumerable things beyond the range of human
understanding” - or the archetypes. The purpose of Jungian dream interpretation is
to uncover elements from personal and collective unconscious and integrate them
into consciousness to facilitate self-realization.
 methods of investigation
ACTIVE IMAGINATION
This method requires a person to begin with any impression—dream image, vision,
picture, or fantasy—and to concentrate until the impression begins to “move.” The
person must follow these images to wherever they lead, courageously face these
images and communicate with them. The purpose is to reveal archetypal images
from unconscious. A variation to this is drawing or painting, or other nonverbal
means of expressing progression of their fantasies.

It is done while the patient is in a relaxed state. It is like dreaming but the patient
is fully conscious and awake.
 psychotherapy
Jung identified 4 basic approaches to therapy:
1. Confession of a pathogenic secret - the cathartic method practiced by Josef
Breuer and his patient Anna O.
2. Interpretation, Explanation, and Elucidation - an approach used by Freud,
which gives the patients insight into the causes of their neuroses.
3. Education of patients as social beings - which is an approach of Adler.
4. Transformation - added by Jung. The therapist must first be transformed into a
healthy human being, preferably by undergoing psychotherapy. Only after
transformation and an established philosophy of life is the therapist able to
help patients move toward individuation, wholeness, or self-realization. This
stage is especially employed with patients who are in the second half of life
and who are concerned with realization of the inner self, with moral and
religious problems, and with finding a unifying philosophy of life.
 psychotherapy
The ultimate purpose of Jungian therapy is to help neurotic patients become
healthy and to encourage healthy people to work independently toward self-
realization.

Although Jung encouraged patients to be independent, he admitted the

importance of transference, particularly during the first three stages of therapy.
He regarded transference as naturally occurring while patients reveal highly
personal information. Countertransference can also be helpful in therapy.
ANY QUESTIONS?