Hy per bil ir ubinemia

PATHOPHYSI OLOGY

Predisposing Precipitating
Factors Factors

PREMATURE BLOOD RECENT ORGAN

BLOODTYPE RACE TRAUMA INFECTION
BIRTH TRANSFUSION SURGERIES DYFUNCTIONS

The East Asians An anamnestic Bilirubin Bilirubin Infectious Liver losing its
Immaturity of overload overload ability to
incompatibility have higher antibody agents may
the liver and caused by caused by remove and
of the mother bilirubin levels response in the cause
intestinal tract breakdown of breakdown of process
and the than whites recipient hemolysis
newborn's precipitated by transfused- and transfused- and bilirubin from
blood type can re-exposure to extravasated extravasated your
lead to a non-ABO red blood blood bloodstream
ABO These include through the bile
hemolysis Break down of cell antigen
incompatibility direct invasion of
Bilirubin is previously
is common in or injury to the
discontinued Too much
asians erythrocytes by Affects the
Destruction of There is a bilirubin in your
the infecting function of your
red blood cells delayed baby's blood
organism liver can cause
can lead to hemolytic bilirubin to build
increased level transfusion up in your
of bilirubin. reaction Destruction of blood
red blood cells
The red blood can lead to
cells that were increased level
given during of bilirubin.
the transfusion
are destroyed
by the person's
immune system

Hyperbilirubinemia Signs and

Disease Progress Symptoms

Accumulation of excess
bilirubin in blood serum

Jaundice
Difficulty
high RBC count built up in the Lethargy Fatigue Constipation
yellowing of Feeding
utero the skin,
mucous
Impression membrane,
heme and globin is released sclera
Diagnosis Vomitting
Hyperbilirubinemia Loss of Appetite
Hemolytic Nonhemolytic Lethargy
heme is further broken down about Physiologic Jaunidce
into iron and protoporhyrin 20mg/100ml Breastfeeding failure Jaundice normal response due
maternal breast milk supply is to the liver immaturity
low and the baby is having
accumulation of uncongulated bilirubin extensive increased trouble latching and feeding
Protophyrin is broken down into above normal indirect bilirubin
brusing from intrauterine
indirect bilirubin leaves the blood stream
birth, erythopoeisis Jaundice from hemolysis
cephalohemtoma, due to an increase in
sungaleal Breast Milk Jaundice RBC
defect in RBC immature liver function prevents interferes with the chemical caused by a substance
Immune Mediated Hemolysis defect in the formation of RBCs hematoma Polycythemia
membrane indirect bilirubin from being synthesis of brain cells in the breast milk that
converted to direct bilirubin increases the
reabsorption of bilirubin Jaundice rt to inadequate
collection of through the intestinal liver function
spleen permanent cell damage
develop anitbodies to mother carries a fetus G6PD deficiency defciency in blood causes the build up of indirect bilirubin tract
Rh antigen on fetal recognizes
whose erythrocytes Pyruvate Kinase RBCs to be remains in the circulatory
rbcs RBCs as
bear an antigen that hemolyzed system
enzyme deficiency abnormal and acute bilirubin encephalopathy
is foreign to her
in NADPH destroys them or Kernicterus
immune system prevents ATP
induce lysis of fetal production red coloring of the blood cells
formation
red blood cells in covers the yellow tint of the
utero and/or develops antibodies bilirubin
postnatally to those antigens, RBCs become
more vulnerale to cellular death
which will cross the and hemolysis jaundice
placenta lysing under bilirubin rises to more than 7
Rh Factor oxidative stress mg/100ml
Incompatibilty
Hemolysis due to
these antibodies permeates througn blood
vessels to tissue

ABO incompatibility

Confirmatory/Diagnostic
Laboratory Test

Transcutaneous Liver function

CBC bilirubin Bilirubin
measurement
test
Blood test

Liver function tests are

A group of A non-invasive method blood tests used to Measures
tests that for measuring serum help diagnose and how much
evaluate the bilirubin level monitor liver disease bilirubin is in
cells that or damage. the blood
circulate in
blood,
including red It works by directing
blood cells light into the skin and the blood is drawn the blood is drawn
(RBCs), white measuring the through a small through a small
blood cells intensity of the needle inserted into a needle inserted into a
(WBCs), and wavelength of light that vein in the bend of vein in the bend of
platelets is returned your arm. A small your arm. A small
(PLTs) tube is attached to tube is attached to
the needle to collect the needle to collect
the blood. the blood.
Bilirubin level of
Normal Values: greater than 7 mg /
Hematocrit
RBC 100 ml in an
Male:38.3-48.6 percent Bilirubin level of
Male:4.35-5.65 trillion cells/L* indication og
Female:35.5-44.9 percent Any value that ranges greater than 7 mg /
(4.35-5.65 million cells/mcL**) hyperbilirubinemia between 7-56 units/litre
White blood cell count 100 ml in an
Female:3.92-5.13 trillion for ALT and 10-40 got indication og
3.4-9.6 billion cells/L AST, your liver is not
cells/L hyperbilirubinemia
(3,400 to 9,600 cells/mcL) functioning normally
(3.92-5.13 million cells/mcL)
Platelet count
Hemoglobin
Male:135-317 billion/L
Male:13.2-16.6 grams/dL***
(135,000 to 317,000/mcL)
(132-166 grams/L)
Female:157-371 billion/L
Female:11.6-15 grams/dL
(157,000 to 371,000/mcL)
(116-150 grams/L)

If treated If untreated

Medical Management Nursing Management

unconjudgated
bilirubin is not
converted in
the liver

Medication Surgical Independent Collaborative

Bilirubin level
is high in the
newborns
Reduces bilirubin Medical Technologist blood
Increase intake of fluids.
- barbiturates tests CBC for bilirubin blood
Dehydration will cause
- caffeine test and for liver function
bilirubin levels to rise.
- penicillin test
Staying hydrated is one of
- high-dose salicylates
the best ways to help the
liver recover from jaundice. Physician Moves out the
Diagnose and provide blood up to the
medications and procedures brain tissue
Eat fresh fruits and
vegetables for the pt's disease.

Fresh fruits and

vegetables contain
powerful antioxidants and
fiber that can help limit
Kernicterus
liver damage during
metabolism and ease
digestion.

Good Cerebral
Hearing Loss
Prognosis Palsy