DEFINITION

ABRUPTIO PLACENTA the premature separation of the placenta from the

uterus, usually after 20 weeks gestation
PREDISPOSING FACTORS PRECIPITATING FACTORS

Age Thrombotic Hypertension Abdominal History of Premature

·Placental abruption occurs when there is a compromise
Disorders Trauma abruptio Tobacco use rupture of of the vascular structures supporting the placenta. In
placenta membranes other words, the vascular networks connecting the
Any pregnant can affect the uterine lining and the maternal side of the placenta are
woman larger clots development In such
collisions, the
torn away.
having a baby can lead to of the The risk of main effect of Pregnancies
over 35 complications placenta maternal body nicotine on
recurrence complicated
may also fold gestational TYPES
of abruptio by preterm
over the parameters is premature
causing the abdomen placentae is vasoconstriction
causing
nutrient and adding to the reportedly
rupture of partial - placenta does not completely detach from the
chronic of membranes
oxygen uterine wall.
Susceptible reduction in intra-abdominal 4-12%, uteroplacental
supply to the that are
for uteroplacental pressure rising to blood vessels,
baby to be managed
physiologic blood flow 25% in 2 expectantly
limited
complications consecutive are at
Together, leading to
these forces pregnancies areduced significant risk Total = completely removed from the uterine wall
generate blood flow to for abruptio
enough shear the placenta placentae
stress
between the ANATOMY
therefore decidual
placenta and subsequent neutrophil
uterusto reduction in
the delivery of infiltration
cause a female reproductive system
placental oxygen and
abruption nutrients to
fetus

uterus - where a fetus (unborn baby) develops and

grows

cervix - acts as the door to the uterus

vagina - provides a passageway for childbirth

Common Presenting Symptom:

vaginal bleeding, contractions,
abdominal tenderness, and decreased SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
fetal movement

Extended Disseminated Sharp

Fundal Fetal intravascular Hemorrhagic vaginal
distress shock stabbing
coagulation pain bleeding
Height

size of the Placental the tissue If the placenta pain on the happens
uterus may abruption factor begins to upper uterine after the
Diagnosis: be
disproportionate
occurs when
the placenta
thromboplastin
flows from a
detach during
pregnancy,
fundus as
initial
separation of
the placenta
PLACENTAL to the
gestational
partly or
completely
retroplacental
hematoma
there is
bleeding from
separation
occurs
separates these vessels
ABRUPTION age
from the inner
External
bleeding will
wall of the cause a bunch
The larger the
only occur if
resulting in a uterus before of clot in the
body area that the placenta
delivery.
higher fundal detaches, the separates
height greater the first from the
compared to This amount of edges
the candecrease bleeding
LABORATORY TEST DIAGNOSTIC TESTS gestational or block the
age baby's supply Internal
of oxygen and more difficult bleeding will
nutrients to control the occur if
bleeding placenta
pelvic Ultrasound fetal monitoring separates
Hemoglobin Fibrinogen
Kleihauer-Betke ultrasonography from the
Test Level Test
center
identify possible because
instruments are
evaluates a protein in to assess sources of blood would
produces used to
fetal blood in your red how wellthe vaginal bleeding
images that continuously pool under it.
the maternal blood cells protein called are used to record the
circulation that carries fibrinogen ? assess heartbeat of the
oxygen to also called organs and high-frequency fetus and the
your body's coagulation structures sound waves contractions of
organs and factor I ? within the create an image the woman's
tissues performs in female pelvis of your uterus uterus during
the blood and on a monito labor
to measure its
transports levels in your quick
carbon blood visualization
dioxide from
of the female
your organs
pelvic organs
and tissues
and structures
back to your
including the
lungs
uterus, cervix,
These tests are vagina,
performed to rule fallopian
A hemoglobin
out disseminated tubes and
testmeasures
intravascular ovaries
the amount of
hemoglobin in coagulation.
your blood sonographic
signs of
placental
A hemoglobin abruption
testmeasures include:
the amount of retroplacental
hemoglobin in hematoma,
your blood intraplacental
anechoic
areas,
separation
and rounding
of the
placental
edge

IF TREATED IF UNTREATED

Medical Management:
Nursing Management
endangers both the mother
and the baby

Medication Surgical

Independent Collaborative

OXYTOCIC Cesarean
HORMONES Section Radiologist
- Oxytocin a surgical procedure Administer fetal lung trained to interpret postpartum
used to deliver a maturation medication X-rays and other imaging hemorrhage Fetal Distress
CORTICOSTEROIDS baby through exams ? analyzes the
- betamethasone incisions in the images, looking for clues
- dexamethasone abdomen and uterus
S/S: S/S:
that may suggest if heart
Place the woman in a failure, fluid around the
when the
INTRAVENOUS severe baby isn't
Vaginal Delivery lateral position heart, pneumonia or Vaginal
Decreased
Uncontrolled Different fetal meconium
FLUID AND BLOOD vaginal receiving
application of forceps Swelling Anemia tachycardia blood Bradycardia
another condition bleeding bleeding after enough movement stain
PRODUCTS or a vacuum extractor pressure childbirth oxygen
to the fetal head to InO Monitoring through the
assist during the 2nd Obstetricians placenta
stage of labor performs the cesearan blood Postpartum
due to huge due to After the occurs when
section and vaginal pressure is hemorrhage
increase in excessive placenta is Placental a newborn
particularly isheavy Without this
delivery blood flow bleeding delivered, cause the abruption breathes a
low bleeding mother's vital support, there is
and fluid resultswhen contractions occurs mixture of
after the birth help blood the baby separates the problem with
loss of red meconium
Phsyician compress the pressure to cannot grow inner wall of the pattern of
blood cells the heart may and thrive and amniotic
diagnose the patient and exceeds bleeding drop the uterus fetal
fluid into the
struggle to vessels in the dangerously before movement
Good decide for the production of Losing lots of lungs around
deliver area where delivery
Prognosis appropriate medication new red blood enough blood quickly the time of
cells the placenta
or procedure oxygen-rich can cause a was attached
delivery.
blood to the severe can lead to
low birth This can
organs dropping
can lead to weight, decrease
your blood hemorrhagic orblock the typically
premature
pressure If the uterus shock baby's supply occurs when
In response, birth, and
does not of oxygen the fetus is
the body birth defects
contract stressed
might strongly
increase the
during labor
enough, these This can
heart rate to blood vessels
push more decrease
bleed freely orblock the
oxygenated and
blood to the baby's supply
hemorrhage of oxygen
organs occurs
Death

Poor
Prognosis