Lecture

On
Geotechnical Engineering Sessional -II (CE-1116)
(Lesson-4, Week-4)

Prepared by:
Md. Ariful Islam
Lecturer
Department of Civil Engineering
World University of Bangladesh (WUB
 Contents
1. Foundation
2. Types of Foundation
3. Selection of Foundation
4. Foundation Layout plan
Foundation

The lowest part of the structure. The

function of foundation is to transfer
the load of the structure to the
hardest strata on which it is resting.
A properly designed foundation
transfer the load throughout the soil
with out over stressing the soil.
Over stressing causes settlement
and shear failure of the structure.
Types of Foundation
Foundations are divided into two major
categories:

1. Shallow Foundation [when, footing depth/

footing width<= 4]
2. Deep Foundation [when, footing depth/ footing
width > 4]

Shallow Foundations are farther 2 types

1.1 Spread or isolated footing
1.2 Mat Foundation Fig: Mat Foundation
Types of Foundation (Isolated Footings)

Strap Footing

Note: Two columns are connected with one strap beam

Types of Foundation (Isolated Footings)
Combined Footing

Note: Another name of strip footing is wall footing, Note: Two columns joined with one footing mat
continuous footing where length>>>>>footing width
Deep Foundations

1. Pile Foundations

2. Drilled Shaft

3. Cassian Foundation
Deep Foundations (Piles)

Batter piles to resist lateral forces

 Selection of Foundation
Whether you choose shallow or deep foundation, some factors are considered as-

1. The nature of soil strata

2. The load exerted by the structure

3. The sub-soil characteristics

4. The allotted cost of foundation

Selection of Foundation
At first, You will consider the shallow
foundation and justify the suitability

Shallow foundations are easy to construct

and less costly. They can be selected when
following two conditions are fulfilled.

1. The super imposed stress caused by the

structure lies between the allowable
bearing capacity of the soil.

2. The building can withstand the expected

settlement estimated for types of
foundation.
 Selection of Foundation
Farther consideration can be taken as-

 When single column footing provides less bearing capacity , the

footing area can be increased than firstly assumed.

 When it does not work, prescribe combined footing.

 If it exceeds more than 50% of the total land area of the

structure then mat foundation will be wise to choose.

 If the Mat cant fulfill the safety conditions, we can treat the soil
by different stabilization techniques.

 But if the techniques proves costly or not economical then the

last option is deep foundation.
Selection of Foundation
Conditions for choosing mat foundation instead
of combine footing-

 When the bearing capacity of soil is very low

but it has to carry high columns or wall loads
that cant be supported by combined footings

 Then the area covered by individual combined

footing is more than 50% of the total area,
mat is considered economic then.

 When there is a possibility of partial

settlement

 When hydraulic uplift resistance is required.

Floor plan
A typical floor plan consists-

 Dimensions and
measurements
 Individual rooms and
space indication
 Doors and windows
 All notations
 Stairs and lift
 Balcony
 Beams, columns and
partition walls.
Beam column layout plan

A typical beam column layout

plan consists-

 Beams and columns

 Their measurements
 Cross sections
 Notations
Foundation layout plan

A typical foundation
layout plan consists-

 Beams, columns and

foundations
 Their measurements
 Cross sections
 Notations
Thank you