Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

Foundation is a part of an engineered system that transmits to, and into, the underlying soil or rock the
loads supported by the foundation and its self-weight. It may carry only machinery, support industrial
equipment (pipes, tower, tanks), act as sign bases, and the like. It is noted as the most important part of the
engineering system.

Foundation Engineer

• Given that person who by reason of training and experience is sufficiently versed in scientific principles and
engineering judgment to design a foundation.

• Necessary scientific principles are acquired through formal education courses in geotechnical (soil
mechanics, geology, foundation engineering) and structural (analysis, design in reinforced concrete and
steel, etc.) engineering and continued self-study via short courses, professional conferences, journal
reading, and the like

• The foundation engineer and geotechnical consultant must work closely together, or at least have frequent
conferences as the design progresses.

Superstructure and Substructure

Superstructure - Commonly used to describe the engineered part of the system bringing load to the
foundation. Part of the structure from ground surface up to the peak.

Substructure – part of the structure from ground surface down to the lowest point of the foundation.

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 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

Classification of Foundations

Shallow/Spread Foundations
Shallow foundations are those that transmit the structural loads to the near-surface soil or rock. There are
two types: spread footings and mats. Spread footings are by far the most common type of foundation.
The vast majority of one- and two-storey buildings use them, and if the ground conditions are good even
much larger structures can be supported on spread footings. Mats are commonly used on moderate-
sized structures.

• Isolated footing - supports a single column load. May be classified as square, rectangular, rectangular
circular or any regular shaped polygon.
• Combined footing and strap footing - supports two to four columns in one row. Combined footing may be
classified as rectangular and trapezoidal.
• Mat footing - a special footing used to support several randomly spaced columns or to support several
rows of parallel columns and may underlie a portion of or the entire building. Bases are foundations
supporting machinery and other equipment.
• Wall footing - supports a concrete or masonry (load or non-load bearing) wall.

Deep Foundation
Deep foundation is required to carry loads from a structure through weak compressible soils or fills on
to stronger and less compressible soils or rocks at depth, or for functional reasons. Deep foundations
are founded too deeply below the finished ground surface for their base bearing capacity to be affected
by surface conditions, this is usually at depths >3 m below finished ground level.

• If structural loads are too large or if the soil conditions are too poor, spread footings become unacceptably
large so the need to construct a mat foundation is a must
• Essentially one large spread footing that encompasses the entire structure.
• A mat distributes the weight of the structure across a larger area, thus reducing induced stresses in the
underlying soils.
• Mats also have the advantage of structural continuity and thus reduce the potential for differential
settlements.

What do you need to consider in choosing a footing type?

• The bearing capacity of the underlying soil.
• The magnitude of the column loads.
• The position of the water table.
• The depth of foundations of adjacent buildings.

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 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

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 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

Spread Footing

• A footing carrying a single column.

• Its function is to “spread” the column load laterally to the soil so that the stress intensity is
reduced to a value that the soil can safely carry sometimes called ‘single or isolated footings’.
• Wall footings are also types of spread footings, however, wall footing widths are controlled by
factors other than the allowable soil pressure since wall loads including wall weight are usually
rather low.
• May be called two-way or one-way depending on whether the steel used for bending runs both
ways or in one direction.
• May be stepped or sloped footings.

NSCP 2010 STANDARD IN DESIGNING A FOOTING

Section 407.8: Concrete Protection for Reinforcement

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 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

Section 409.3: Required Strength

Section 409.4.2: Strength-Reduction Factor

Section 415.3: Loads and Reaction Section 415.8: Minimum Footing Depth

Section 415.4: Footings Supporting Circular or Regular Polygon-Shaped Columns or Pedestals

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 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

Section 415.5: Moment in Footings

Shear Design of Footing

411.2.1 Except for members designed in accordance with Section 423 (Strut-and-Tie Models), design of cross
sections subject to shear shall be based in

𝑽𝑽𝒖𝒖 = ∅𝑽𝑽𝒏𝒏

Where Vu is the factored shear force considered and Vn is nominal shear strength computed by:

𝑽𝑽𝒏𝒏 = 𝑽𝑽𝒄𝒄 + 𝑽𝑽𝒔𝒔

Where 𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐 is nominal shear strength provided by concrete in accordance with Section 411.3 or Section 411.4,
and 𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 is nominal shear strength provided by shear reinforcement in accordance with Section 411.5.6 (𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 for
footings is usually equal to zero since they do not usually require stirrups).

One-Way shear (Beam Shear) and Two-Way Shear (Punching Shear)

DETERMINING ONE-WAY SHEAR (BEAM SHEAR)

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 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

[Link] For nonprestressed members, sections located less than a distance d from face of support shall be
permitted to be designed for the same shear 𝑉𝑉𝑢𝑢 computed at a distance d.

[Link] For members subject to shear and flexure only: The maximum permissible value of the concrete shear
stress due to one-way shear can be computed as;
𝑽𝑽𝒄𝒄 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏�𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄 𝒃𝒃𝒘𝒘 𝒅𝒅
408.7.1 states that for
sand-lightweight concrete, λ=0.85;
for all-lightweight concrete, λ=0.75;
for normal-weight concrete, λ=1.00.

DETERMINING TWO-WAY SHEAR PUNCHING SHEAR

[Link] For two-way action where each of the critical sections to be investigated shall be located so that its
perimeter, 𝑏𝑏𝑂𝑂 , is a minimum, but need not approach closer than d/2 to:

[Link], [Link], or [Link]. For members subject to shear and flexure only: The maximum permissible
value of the concrete shear stress due to two-way shear can be computed as;
1 2
𝑉𝑉𝐶𝐶 = �1 + � 𝜆𝜆�𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑜𝑜 𝑑𝑑
6 𝛽𝛽
where β is the ratio of long side to short side of the column, concentrated load, or reaction area
1 𝛼𝛼𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑑
𝑉𝑉𝐶𝐶 = � + 2� 𝜆𝜆�𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑜𝑜 𝑑𝑑
12 𝑏𝑏𝑜𝑜
where αs is 40 for interior columns, 30 for edge columns, and 20 for corner columns
1
𝑉𝑉𝐶𝐶 = 𝜆𝜆�𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤 𝑑𝑑
3
this is the default and frequently used formula used for two-way shear

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 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

Design of flexural reinforcements

𝝆𝝆𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚
𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 = 𝝓𝝓𝝓𝝓𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝒃𝒃𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 �𝟏𝟏 − �
𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄

410.6.1 Minimum Steel Percentage ratio

�𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄 𝟏𝟏.𝟒𝟒
𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 = 𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 =
𝟒𝟒𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚
*choose lower value
410.4.3 Maximum Steel Percentage ratio
𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄 𝜷𝜷𝟏𝟏
𝝆𝝆𝒃𝒃 = � �
𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 + 𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚

𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝝆𝝆𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃

407.13 Temperature and Shrinking Reinforcements (for WALL FOOTING)

Area of shrinkage and temperature reinforcement shall provide at least the following ratios of reinforcement area to
gross concrete area, but not less than 0.0014:
a.) When Grade 275 or 530 deformed bars are used..................0.0020
b.) When Grade 415 deformed bars or welded wire
fabric (smooth or deformed) are used………………………………...0.0018
c.) When reinforcement with fy = 415 MPa measured
at a yield strain of 0.35% is used………………..........…………………0.0018(45/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓)

Bearing Strength of Column

All forces acting at the base of a column must be transferred into the footing. Compressive forces may be
transferred directly by bearing, while uplift or tensile forces must be transferred by developed reinforcing
such as dowels and mechanical connectors.

𝜙𝜙𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 = 𝜙𝜙0.85𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐′ 𝐴𝐴1

𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝐴𝐴2
𝜙𝜙𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 = 𝜙𝜙0.85𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐′ 𝐴𝐴1 �
𝐴𝐴1 A1= gross area of the column
A2= projected bearing area of the footing that
𝐴𝐴2 will resist the axial load
� ≤ 2.0
𝐴𝐴1

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 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

FLOW IN DESIGNING AN ISOLATED COLUMN FOOTING

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 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

Example 1: Wall Footing

Design a reinforced concrete wall footing to support a 300 mm wide reinforced concrete wall with a dead
load 300 kN/m and a live load 200 kN/m. The bottom of the footing is 1.0 m below the final grade, the
soil weight is 16 kN/m3, the concrete weight is 24kN/m3, the allowable soil pressure qa is 190 kPa, fy is
grade 60, f’c=28 MPa. Assume 450 mm deep footing for computation of footing weight.
• Given:
 DL = 300 kN⁄m  𝒒𝒒𝒂𝒂 = 190 kPa
 LL = 200 �m kN  𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 = G60; 414 MPa
kN
 γsoil = 16 �m3  𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄 = 28 MPa
kN  tftg = 450mm = 0.45m
 γconc = 24 �m3
 db = 16mm
• Solution:
1) Effective Bearing Capacity (qe)
𝒒𝒒𝒆𝒆 = 𝒒𝒒𝒂𝒂 − 𝜸𝜸𝒔𝒔 𝑫𝑫𝒇𝒇 − 𝜸𝜸𝒄𝒄 𝒕𝒕𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 = 190 − 16(1 − 0.45) − 24(0.45)
𝒒𝒒𝒆𝒆 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌

2) Required Area and Base of the ftg

𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏
𝒒𝒒𝒆𝒆 = ; 𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 + 𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳, 1 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑨𝑨𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 0.3m
kN kN 5) Flexural Moment (Mu)
𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = 300 (1.0𝑚𝑚) + 200 (1.0𝑚𝑚) → 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 = 500 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
m m 𝑾𝑾𝒖𝒖 𝑳𝑳𝟐𝟐 3 − 0.30
500 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 = ; 𝑳𝑳 = = 1.35𝑚𝑚 L
170.04 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = → 𝐴𝐴𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 2.9343m2 𝟐𝟐 2
𝐴𝐴𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑾𝑾𝒖𝒖 = 𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 × 𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼 𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾 3m
𝐴𝐴𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑩𝑩 = → 𝑩𝑩 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 (𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏) 𝑾𝑾𝒖𝒖 = 266.6667 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 (1𝑚𝑚) = 266.6667 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚
1 𝑚𝑚
𝑩𝑩 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
(266.6667)(1.35)2
𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 = → 𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 =206.55 kN-m
3) Ultimate Bearing Pressure (qu) 2
𝑷𝑷𝒖𝒖 6) Actual Steel Ratio (ρactual)
𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 = ; 𝑷𝑷𝒖𝒖 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
𝑨𝑨𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇(𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑) 𝝆𝝆𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚
𝑷𝑷𝒖𝒖 = 300(1.2) + (200)(1.6) → 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 = 680 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 = 𝝓𝝓𝝓𝝓𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝒃𝒃𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 �𝟏𝟏 − � ; 𝝓𝝓 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄
680 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 206.55(1000)2 𝑁𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 = → 𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌
3𝑚𝑚 × 1𝑚𝑚 (𝜌𝜌)(414)
= 0.90(𝜌𝜌)(414)(1000)(367)2 �1 − �
1.7(28)
4) “d” and “tprov”
One-Way Shear: 𝑽𝑽𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖 < ∅𝑽𝑽𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 ; ∅ = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐵𝐵 𝑊𝑊
𝑽𝑽𝒖𝒖 = 𝑞𝑞𝑢𝑢 (1000𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)(𝑧𝑧) = 𝑞𝑞𝑢𝑢 (1000𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚) � − − 𝑑𝑑� 7) Compare ρactual with ρmin
2 2
1 1 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒 1.4
∅𝑽𝑽𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 = ∅ � � 𝜆𝜆�𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐(𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏) = 0.75 � � (1)�𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐(𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏) 𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
6 6 𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 414
𝑩𝑩 𝑾𝑾 𝟏𝟏
∴ 𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 (𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏) � − − 𝒅𝒅� = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 � � (𝟏𝟏)�𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄(𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃)
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟔𝟔 �𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄 √28
226.6667 3000 − 300 0.75 𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
(1000) � − 𝑑𝑑1 � = � � (1)√28(1000)(𝑑𝑑1 ) 𝟒𝟒𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 4(414)
1000 2 6
𝒅𝒅𝟏𝟏 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 < 𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂

𝒕𝒕𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 = 𝒅𝒅𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 + 𝑪𝑪𝒄𝒄 + 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝒃𝒃 = 344.5541 + 75 + 0.5(16) ∴ 𝝆𝝆 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝒕𝒕𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 = 427.56 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 50𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚) → 𝒕𝒕𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎

𝒅𝒅𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝒕𝒕𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 − 𝑪𝑪𝒄𝒄 − 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝒃𝒃 = 450 − 75 − 8

𝒅𝒅𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎

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 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

8) Number of bars and required spacing

𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔
𝝆𝝆 = ; 𝝆𝝆 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠
0.004275 = → 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 1568.81 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
(1000)(367)
𝝅𝝅
𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 = 𝒏𝒏 � 𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 𝟐𝟐 � ; 𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝟐𝟐
𝟒𝟒
𝜋𝜋
1568.81 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 = 𝑛𝑛 � (16𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2 � → 𝒏𝒏 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟖𝟖 (𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖)
4
𝒏𝒏 = 𝟖𝟖 𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃

𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳
𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 = ; 𝒏𝒏 = 𝟖𝟖, 𝟏𝟏 𝒎𝒎 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇
𝒏𝒏 − 𝟏𝟏
1000𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 = → 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎
8−1

9) Temperature and Shrinking Reinforcements (Wall Footing)

𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒; 𝝆𝝆 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔(𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕) 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡)
𝝆𝝆 = → 0.0018 =
𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 (3000)(450)
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡) = 2430 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
𝝅𝝅
𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔(𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕) = 𝒏𝒏 � 𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 𝟐𝟐 � ; 𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔(𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕) = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝟐𝟐
𝟒𝟒
𝜋𝜋
2430 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 = 𝑛𝑛 � (16𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2 � → 𝒏𝒏 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 (𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖)
4
𝒏𝒏 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃

16
𝒙𝒙 = 3000𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 2(75) − 2 � � = 2834 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
2 CC=75 mm
𝒙𝒙
𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 = ; 𝒏𝒏 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏, 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎
𝒏𝒏 − 𝟏𝟏 x
2834 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 = → 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎
13 − 1 3000 mm

Engr. Bryan Dale P. Yu FOUNDATION ENGINEERING Page 11 of 24

 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

Example 2: Isolated Square Footing

Design a square concrete column footing to support a 300-mm x 300-mm reinforced concrete column
that in turn is supporting a 130-kN dead load and a 200-kN live load. f’c = 28MPa, fy= 414, and qa = 210
kPa. The base of the footing is to be 1.50 m below the final grade. Concrete weight = 24kN/m3 and soil
weight = 16kN/m3. Assume 500mm thick for footing. Also check the bearing strength and the required
development length. The bar diameter of the footing is 16 mm,
• Given:
 DL = 130 kN  𝒒𝒒𝒂𝒂 = 190 kPa  db= 16 mm
 LL = 200kN  𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 = 414 MPa  𝑫𝑫𝒇𝒇 = 1.50 m
 γsoil = 16 kN�m3  𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄 = 28 MPa
 γconc = 24 �m3kN  tftg = 500mm = 0.5m
• Solution:
1) Effective Bearing Capacity (qe);
𝒒𝒒𝒆𝒆 = 190 − 16(0.5) − 24(1.5 − 0.5)
𝒒𝒒𝒆𝒆 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌

2) Required Area and Base of the ftg

𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏
𝒒𝒒𝒆𝒆 = ; 𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 + 𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳
𝑨𝑨𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 𝒕𝒕𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 = 𝒅𝒅𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 + 𝑪𝑪𝒄𝒄 + 𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 + 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝒃𝒃
𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = 130 + 200 → 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 = 330 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝒕𝒕𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 = 169.8787 + 75 + 16 + 0.5(16)
330 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝒕𝒕𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 = 268.8784 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢) → 𝒕𝒕𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎
182 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = → 𝐴𝐴𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 1.8132 m2
𝐴𝐴𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝒅𝒅𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝒕𝒕𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 − 𝑪𝑪𝒄𝒄 − 𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 − 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝒃𝒃 = 300 − 75 − 16 − 8
𝑩𝑩𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = √1.8132 m2 → 𝑩𝑩 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 (𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏) 𝒅𝒅𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎
𝑩𝑩𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝒎
5) Flexural Moment (Mu) 0.3m
3) Ultimate Bearing Pressure (qu) 𝑾𝑾𝒖𝒖 𝑳𝑳𝟐𝟐 1.4 − 0.30
𝑷𝑷𝒖𝒖 𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 = ; 𝑳𝑳 = = 0.55 𝑚𝑚
𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 = ; 𝑷𝑷𝒖𝒖 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝟐𝟐 2
L
𝑨𝑨𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇(𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑) 𝑾𝑾𝒖𝒖 = 𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 × 𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼 𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾
𝑷𝑷𝒖𝒖 = 130(1.2) + (200)(1.6) → 𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢 = 476 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 1.4m
476 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑾𝑾𝒖𝒖 = 242.8571 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 (1.4𝑚𝑚)
𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 = → 𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 (0.55)2
1.4𝑚𝑚 × 1.4𝑚𝑚 𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 =242.8571 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 (1.4𝑚𝑚)
2
𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 =51.4250 kN-m
4) “d” and “tprov”
d1 One-Way Shear: 𝑉𝑉𝑢𝑢1 < ∅𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐1 ; ∅ = 0.75 6) Actual Steel Ratio (ρactual)
𝑩𝑩 − 𝑾𝑾 𝟏𝟏 𝝆𝝆𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚
𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 (𝒃𝒃) � − 𝒅𝒅� = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 � � (𝟏𝟏)�𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄(𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃) 𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 = 𝝓𝝓𝝓𝝓𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝒃𝒃𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 �𝟏𝟏 − � ; 𝝓𝝓 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
𝟐𝟐 𝟔𝟔 𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄
242.8571 1400 − 300 0.75
(1400) � − 𝑑𝑑1 � = � � (1)√28(1400)(𝑑𝑑1 ) 51.4250(1000)2 𝑁𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
1000 2 6 (𝜌𝜌)(414)
𝒅𝒅𝟏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 = 0.90(𝜌𝜌)(414)(1400)(201)2 �1 − �
1.7(28)

1400 Two-Way Shear: 𝑉𝑉𝑢𝑢2 < ∅𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐2 ; ∅ = 0.75 𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏
𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 (𝑨𝑨𝒐𝒐 − 𝑨𝑨𝒊𝒊 ) = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 � � (𝟏𝟏)�𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄(𝒃𝒃𝒐𝒐 𝒅𝒅)
𝟑𝟑 7) Compare ρactual with ρmin
242.8571 0.75 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒 1.4
[14002 − (300 + 𝑑𝑑2 )2 ] = � � (1)√28(4(300 + 𝑑𝑑2 ))(𝑑𝑑2 ) 𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 ✔ choose higher
300+d2 1000 3 𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 414
𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎, ✔ to be used as dreq (choose higher)
bo=4(300+d2) �𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄 √28
𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟒𝟒𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 4(414)
𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 > 𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 ∴ 𝝆𝝆 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

Engr. Bryan Dale P. Yu FOUNDATION ENGINEERING Page 12 of 24

 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

8) Number of bars and required spacing 10) Check the bearing strength of the column and footing
𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 for column:
𝝆𝝆 = ; 𝝆𝝆 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 ∅𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = ∅𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏
0.00338 = → 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 951.30 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
(1400)(201) ∅𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = (0.65)(0.85)(28)(3002 )
𝝅𝝅 𝜋𝜋
𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 = 𝒏𝒏 � 𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 𝟐𝟐 � ; 951.30 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 = 𝑛𝑛 � (16𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2 �
𝟒𝟒 4 ∅𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 > 𝑷𝑷𝒖𝒖 → 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐!
𝒏𝒏 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 (𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖) → 𝒏𝒏 = 𝟓𝟓 𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃
16
𝒙𝒙 = 1400𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 2(75) − 2 � � = 1234 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
2 for footing:
𝒙𝒙 1234 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 = = 𝑨𝑨𝟐𝟐
𝒏𝒏 − 𝟏𝟏 5−1 𝝓𝝓𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = 𝝓𝝓𝝓𝝓. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄 𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏 �
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = 308.5 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚; 𝑆𝑆 < 5𝑡𝑡 < 450 𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏

∴ 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎

𝑨𝑨𝟐𝟐 14002 𝑨𝑨𝟐𝟐
� =� = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 > 𝟐𝟐. 𝟎𝟎 → � = 2.0
𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏 3002 𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏
9) Check the Development Length
𝑳𝑳𝒅𝒅 𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝝍𝝍𝒕𝒕 𝝍𝝍𝒆𝒆 𝝍𝝍𝒔𝒔
= 𝝓𝝓𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = (0.65)(0.85)(28)(3002 )(2.0)
𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 𝒄𝒄 + 𝒌𝒌𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕
𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏�𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄 � �
𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃
∅𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 > 𝑷𝑷𝒖𝒖 → 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐!
𝒄𝒄𝟏𝟏 = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 75𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
1 1
𝒄𝒄𝟐𝟐 = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = (308.50)
2 2 Pro𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗 𝒂𝒂 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝒎 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕
𝒄𝒄 + 𝒌𝒌𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘 𝟓𝟓 − 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎∅ 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 𝑶𝑶. 𝑪𝑪 𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃
≤ 2.50 ; 𝝍𝝍𝒕𝒕 𝝍𝝍𝒆𝒆 ≤ 1.70
𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃
𝝍𝝍𝒔𝒔 = 0.80 − 20𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝝍𝝍𝒔𝒔 = 1.00 − 25𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
𝝍𝝍𝒕𝒕 = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝝍𝝍𝒆𝒆 = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

𝝍𝝍𝒕𝒕 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎, 𝝍𝝍𝒆𝒆 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎; (1.0)(1.0) ≤ 1.70

𝝍𝝍𝒔𝒔 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖
𝒄𝒄𝟏𝟏 = 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕
1
𝒄𝒄𝟐𝟐 = (308.50) = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
2
𝒄𝒄 + 𝒌𝒌𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 + 𝟎𝟎
: = 4.69 ≤ 2.50
𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝒄𝒄 + 𝒌𝒌𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕
∴ = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓
𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃
𝑳𝑳𝒅𝒅 𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝝍𝝍𝒕𝒕 𝝍𝝍𝒆𝒆 𝝍𝝍𝒔𝒔 414(1.0)(1.0)(0.80)
= = (16)
𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 𝒄𝒄 + 𝒌𝒌 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 1.1(1.0)√28(2.50)
𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏�𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄 � �
𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃
𝐋𝐋𝐝𝐝 = 364.1653 mm
𝑳𝑳𝒅𝒅(𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑) = 550𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 75𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
𝑳𝑳𝒅𝒅(𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑) > 𝑳𝑳𝒅𝒅(𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎) ∴ 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐!

Engr. Bryan Dale P. Yu FOUNDATION ENGINEERING Page 13 of 24

 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

Example 3: Isolated Rectangular Footing

Design a rectangular concrete column footing to support a 450-mm x 450-mm w/ 8 – 25mmϕ reinforced
concrete column. The width B is restricted at 2.20 m.
Loads: 𝑃𝑃𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 1,110 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, 𝑃𝑃𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 1,022 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Column Design Criteria: 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐′ = 35 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀, 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 400𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
Footing Design Criteria: 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐′ = 21 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀, 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 400𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀, 𝑞𝑞𝑒𝑒 = 240 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
• Solution:
1) Required Area and Base of the ftg
𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏
𝒒𝒒𝒆𝒆 =
𝑨𝑨𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇
1100𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 1022𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
240 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 =
𝐴𝐴𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝐴𝐴𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 8.8833 𝑚𝑚2 = 𝐵𝐵 × 𝐿𝐿
𝐵𝐵 = 2.20 𝑚𝑚
𝐿𝐿 = 4.0379 ≈ 4.10 𝑚𝑚 Punching Shear: 𝑉𝑉𝑢𝑢2 < ∅𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐2 ; ∅ = 0.75
𝟏𝟏
𝑨𝑨𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 2.20(4.10) → 𝑨𝑨𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟗𝟗. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟐𝟐 𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 (𝑨𝑨𝒐𝒐 − 𝑨𝑨𝒊𝒊 ) = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 � � (𝟏𝟏)�𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄(𝒃𝒃𝒐𝒐 𝒅𝒅)
𝟑𝟑
2) Ultimate Bearing Pressure (qu) 328.9579
[(4100 × 2200) − (450 + 𝑑𝑑3 )2 ]
𝑷𝑷𝒖𝒖 1000
𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 = 0.75
𝑨𝑨𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇(𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑) =� � (1)√21(4(450 + 𝑑𝑑3 ))(3)
3
1100(1.2) + (1022)(1.6) 𝒅𝒅𝟑𝟑 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎
𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 =
9.02
𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 𝒕𝒕𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 = 𝒅𝒅𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 + 𝑪𝑪𝒄𝒄 + 𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 + 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝒃𝒃
𝒕𝒕𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 = 665.7369 + 75 + 25 + 0.5(25)
3) “d” and “tprov”
𝒕𝒕𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 = 778.2369 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢) → 𝒕𝒕𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎

450 𝒅𝒅𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝒕𝒕𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 − 𝑪𝑪𝒄𝒄 − 𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 − 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝒃𝒃 = 800 − 75 − 25 − 12.5

450
𝒅𝒅𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑(𝑩𝑩) = 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎
4100

𝒅𝒅𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝒕𝒕𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 − 𝑪𝑪𝒄𝒄 − 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝒃𝒃 = 800 − 75 − 12.5

𝒅𝒅𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑(𝑳𝑳) = 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎
2200
ALONG “B”
Beam Shear: 𝑉𝑉𝑢𝑢1 < ∅𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐1 ; ∅ = 0.75
I. Flexural Moment (Mu)
𝑩𝑩 − 𝑾𝑾 𝟏𝟏
𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 (𝒃𝒃) � − 𝒅𝒅� = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 � � (𝟏𝟏)�𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄(𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃) 𝑾𝑾𝒖𝒖 𝑳𝑳𝟐𝟐
𝟐𝟐 𝟔𝟔 𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 =
ALONG “L” 𝟐𝟐
𝑾𝑾𝒖𝒖 = 𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 × 𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼 𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾
328.9579 2200 − 450 0.75
(4100) � − 𝑑𝑑1 � = � � (1)√21(4100)(𝑑𝑑1 )
1000 2 6 𝑾𝑾𝒖𝒖 = 328.9579𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 (2.2𝑚𝑚)
𝒅𝒅𝟏𝟏 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 (1.825)2
ALONG “B” 𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 =328.9579𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 (2.2𝑚𝑚)
2
328.9579 4100 − 450 0.75 𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 =1205.1989 kN-m
(2200) � − 𝑑𝑑2 � = � � (1)√21(2200)(𝑑𝑑2 )
1000 2 6
𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 = 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 ✔ to be used as dreq (choose highest)

Engr. Bryan Dale P. Yu FOUNDATION ENGINEERING Page 14 of 24

 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

II. Actual Steel Ratio (ρactual) IV. Number of bars and required spacing
𝝆𝝆𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔
𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 = 𝝓𝝓𝝓𝝓𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝒃𝒃𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 �𝟏𝟏 − � ; 𝝓𝝓 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 𝝆𝝆 = ; 𝝆𝝆 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄 𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃
1205.1989𝑥𝑥106 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠
(𝜌𝜌)(400) 0.0035 = → 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 10224.375 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
= 0.90(𝜌𝜌)(400)(2200)(687.50)2 �1 − � (4100)(712.50)
1.7(21)
𝝅𝝅 𝜋𝜋
𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 = 𝒏𝒏 � 𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 𝟐𝟐 � ; 10224.375 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 = 𝑛𝑛 � (25𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2 �
𝟒𝟒 4
III. Compare ρactual with ρmin 𝒏𝒏 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 (𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖) → 𝒏𝒏 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃
𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒 1.4
𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 ✔ choose higher
𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 400
• Bandwidth Length
�𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄 √21
𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵𝑵𝑩𝑩 𝟐𝟐 2
𝟒𝟒𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 4(400) = → 𝑵𝑵𝑩𝑩 = (21)
𝑵𝑵𝑳𝑳 𝜷𝜷 + 𝟏𝟏 4100
𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 > 𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 ∴ 𝝆𝝆 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 +1
2200
𝑵𝑵𝑩𝑩 = 14.667 ≈ 15 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 (𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)
IV. Number of bars and required spacing
𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔
𝝆𝝆 = ; 𝝆𝝆 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵𝑵𝑩𝑩 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 − 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐∅
𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 𝑵𝑵𝑳𝑳 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐∅
0.0035 = → 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 5293.75 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
(2200)(687.50)
𝝅𝝅 𝜋𝜋
𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 = 𝒏𝒏 � 𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 𝟐𝟐 � ; 5293.75 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 = 𝑛𝑛 � (25𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2 �
𝟒𝟒 4
𝒏𝒏 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 (𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖) → 𝒏𝒏 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃

ALONG “L”
I. Flexural Moment (Mu)
𝑾𝑾𝒖𝒖 𝑳𝑳𝟐𝟐
𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 =
𝟐𝟐
𝑾𝑾𝒖𝒖 = 𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 × 𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼 𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾

𝑾𝑾𝒖𝒖 = 328.9579𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 (4.1𝑚𝑚)

(0.875)2
𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 =328.9579𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 (4.1𝑚𝑚)
2
𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 =516.3097 kN-m
II. Actual Steel Ratio (ρactual)

𝝆𝝆𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚
𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 = 𝝓𝝓𝝓𝝓𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝒃𝒃𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 �𝟏𝟏 − � ; 𝝓𝝓 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄
516.3097𝑥𝑥106
(𝜌𝜌)(400)
= 0.90(𝜌𝜌)(400)(4100)(712.50)2 �1 − �
1.7(21)

𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

III. Compare ρactual with ρmin

𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒 1.4
𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 ✔ choose higher
𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 400
�𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄 √21
𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟒𝟒𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 4(400)
𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 > 𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 ∴ 𝝆𝝆 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

Engr. Bryan Dale P. Yu FOUNDATION ENGINEERING Page 15 of 24

 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

Example 4: Eccentrically Loaded Square Footing

Design a square concrete column footing to support a 450-mm x 450-mm reinforced concrete column.
The center of the column and footing must coincide.
Loads: 𝑃𝑃𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 300 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, 𝑃𝑃𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 500 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, 𝑀𝑀𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 100 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 𝑚𝑚, 𝑀𝑀𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 130 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 𝑚𝑚
Column Design Criteria: 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐′ = 28 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀, 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 400𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
Footing Design Criteria: 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐′ = 21 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀, 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 400𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀, 𝑞𝑞𝑎𝑎 = 180 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘,𝐷𝐷𝑓𝑓 = 1.50 𝑚𝑚, 𝛾𝛾𝑠𝑠 = 16 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚3,𝛾𝛾𝑐𝑐 =
24 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚3, 𝑑𝑑𝑏𝑏 = 20 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚, assume a thickness of the footing of 500 mm.
• Solution:
1) Effective Bearing Capacity (qe)
𝒒𝒒𝒆𝒆 = 180 − 16(1.0) − 24(0.5)
𝒒𝒒𝒆𝒆 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌
2) Required Area and Base of the ftg
𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 300𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 500𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝒒𝒒𝒆𝒆 = → 152 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 =
𝑨𝑨𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 𝐴𝐴𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑨𝑨𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝒎𝟐𝟐

𝐵𝐵𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = √5.26 = 2.2935𝑚𝑚 (𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 100𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)

𝑩𝑩𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎
3) Bearing Capacity due to Eccentricity Punching Shear: 𝑽𝑽𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖 < ∅𝑽𝑽𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 ; 𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 = 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑴𝑴 100 + 130 Interpolation
𝒆𝒆 = = = 0.2875 383.7429 − 54.8204 𝑞𝑞2 − 54.8204 𝑧𝑧1 = 2.3 − 0.45 − 𝑑𝑑2
𝑷𝑷 300 + 500 = 2
𝑩𝑩𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 2.3 𝑩𝑩𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 2.30 𝑧𝑧1 𝑧𝑧1 = 0.466𝑚𝑚
= = 0.3833 ; 𝒆𝒆 < ∴ Trapezoidal 𝒒𝒒𝟐𝟐 = 121.5345 kPa
𝟔𝟔 6 𝟔𝟔
𝑃𝑃 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑧𝑧2 = 𝑧𝑧1 + 0.45 + 𝑑𝑑2
𝜎𝜎 = ± 383.7429 − 54.8204 𝑞𝑞3 − 54.8204
𝐴𝐴 𝐼𝐼 = 𝑧𝑧2 = 1.833𝑚𝑚
qmin 2.30 𝑧𝑧2
𝑃𝑃 6𝑒𝑒
𝜎𝜎 = �1 ± � 𝒒𝒒𝟑𝟑 = 317.0288 kPa
𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵
qmax
1
1.2(300) + 1.6(500) 6(0.2875) 𝑽𝑽𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖 = � 𝑞𝑞𝑢𝑢 𝐴𝐴 = � (54.8204 + 121.5345)(0.4665)(2.30)�
𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 = �1 ± � 2
(2.30𝑚𝑚)2 2.30 1
+ � (121.5345 + 317.0288)(1.367)(2.30)(2)�
𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖(𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎) = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 2
1
𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖(𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎) = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 + � (317.0288 + 383.7429)(0.466)(2.30)�
2
4) “d” and “tprov” 𝑽𝑽𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖 = 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌

Beam Shear: Interpolation 1 0.75

383.7429 − 54.8204 𝑞𝑞1 − 54.8204 ∅𝑽𝑽𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 = 0.75 � � (1)�𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐(𝑏𝑏𝑜𝑜 𝑑𝑑) = � � √21[4(450 + 𝑑𝑑2 )](𝑑𝑑2 )
= 3 3
2.30 1.375 + 𝑑𝑑1 ∅𝑽𝑽𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌
𝒒𝒒𝟏𝟏 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 + 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒅𝒅𝟏𝟏

𝑉𝑉𝑢𝑢1 < ∅𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐1 ; ∅ = 0.75 𝑽𝑽𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖 < ∅𝑽𝑽𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 ∴ 𝑶𝑶𝑶𝑶𝑶𝑶𝑶𝑶! ⇢ 𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼 𝒅𝒅𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 = 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑩𝑩 − 𝑾𝑾 𝟏𝟏
𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 (𝒃𝒃) � − 𝒅𝒅� = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 � � (𝟏𝟏)�𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄(𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃) 𝒕𝒕𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 = 𝒅𝒅𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 + 𝑪𝑪𝒄𝒄 + 𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 + 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝒃𝒃 = 917.03 + 75 + 20 + 0.5(20)
𝟐𝟐 𝟔𝟔
𝒕𝒕𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 = 1022.03 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢) → 𝒕𝒕𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎
1 𝑞𝑞𝑢𝑢(𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚) + 𝑞𝑞1 0.75
� � (2300)(925 − 𝑑𝑑1 = � � √21(2300)(𝑑𝑑1 )
2 2 6 𝒅𝒅𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝒕𝒕𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 − 𝑪𝑪𝒄𝒄 − 𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 − 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝒃𝒃 = 1050 − 75 − 20 − 10
𝒅𝒅𝟏𝟏 = 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 𝒅𝒅𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎

Engr. Bryan Dale P. Yu FOUNDATION ENGINEERING Page 16 of 24

 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

5) Ultimate Flexural Moment 9) Check the Development Length

1
𝒄𝒄𝟏𝟏 = 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕; 𝒄𝒄𝟐𝟐 = (80) = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
2.30 − 0.45 2
𝑳𝑳 = = 0.925 𝒄𝒄 + 𝒌𝒌𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 + 𝟎𝟎
L 2 : = 2.00 ≤ 2.50
𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
Interpolation 𝒄𝒄 + 𝒌𝒌𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕
383.7429 − 54.8204 𝑞𝑞4 − 54.8204 ∴ = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟎𝟎
= 𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃
L+0.45 2.30 0.925 + 0.45
qmin 𝒒𝒒𝟒𝟒 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 𝑳𝑳𝒅𝒅 𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝝍𝝍𝒕𝒕 𝝍𝝍𝒆𝒆 𝝍𝝍𝒔𝒔 400(1.0)(1.0)(0.80)
= = (20)
q4 qmax 𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 ′ 𝒄𝒄 + 𝒌𝒌𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 1.1(1.0)√21(2.0)
𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏�𝒇𝒇 𝒄𝒄 � �
𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃
𝑾𝑾𝒖𝒖 𝑳𝑳𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟐
𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 = + � (𝒒𝒒𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 − 𝒒𝒒𝟒𝟒 )(𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃) � 𝑳𝑳�� 𝐋𝐋𝐝𝐝 = 634.82 mm
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑
(0.925)2
𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 = �328.9579𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 (2.3𝑚𝑚) � 𝑳𝑳𝒅𝒅(𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑) = 925𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 75𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖
2
1 2 𝑳𝑳𝒅𝒅(𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑) > 𝑳𝑳𝒅𝒅(𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎) ∴ 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐!
+ � (383.74 − 251.46)(2.30)(0.925) � (0.925)��
2 3
𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 =334.20 kN-m
10) Check the bearing strength of the column and footing
for column:
6) Actual Steel Ratio (ρactual)
∅𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = ∅𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏
𝝆𝝆𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 ∅𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = (0.65)(0.85)(28)(4502 )
𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 = 𝝓𝝓𝝓𝝓𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝒃𝒃𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 �𝟏𝟏 − � ; 𝝓𝝓 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 ∅𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 > 𝑷𝑷𝒖𝒖 → 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐!
𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄
(𝜌𝜌)(400)
334.20(1000)2 = 0.90(𝜌𝜌)(400)(2300)(945)2 �1 − � for footing:
1.7(21)
𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑨𝑨𝟐𝟐
𝝓𝝓𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = 𝝓𝝓𝝓𝝓. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄 𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏 �
𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏
7) Compare ρactual with ρmin
𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒 1.4
𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 ✔ choose higher 𝑨𝑨𝟐𝟐 23002 𝑨𝑨𝟐𝟐
𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 400 � =� 2
= 5.11 > 2.0 → � = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟎𝟎
𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏 450 𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏
�𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄 √21
𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝝓𝝓𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = (0.65)(0.85)(21)(4502 )(2.0)
𝟒𝟒𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 4(400)
∅𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 > 𝑷𝑷𝒖𝒖 → 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐!
𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 > 𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 ∴ 𝝆𝝆 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

9) Number of bars and required spacing

𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔
𝝆𝝆 = ; 𝝆𝝆 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠
0.0035 = → 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 7607.25 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
(2300)(945)
𝝅𝝅 𝜋𝜋
𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 = 𝒏𝒏 � 𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 𝟐𝟐 � ; 7607.25 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 = 𝑛𝑛 � (20𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2 �
𝟒𝟒 4
𝒏𝒏 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 (𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖) → 𝒏𝒏 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃
20
𝒙𝒙 = 2300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 2(75) − 2 � � = 2130 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
2
𝒙𝒙 2310 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 = =
𝒏𝒏 − 𝟏𝟏 25 − 1
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = 88.75 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚; 𝑆𝑆 < 5𝑡𝑡 < 450
∴ 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 = 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎

Engr. Bryan Dale P. Yu FOUNDATION ENGINEERING Page 17 of 24

 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

Example 5: Eccentrically Loaded Square Footing – UNIFORM PRESSURE APPROACH

Design a square concrete column footing to support a 450-mm x 450-mm reinforced concrete column.
The center of the column and footing must coincide.
Loads: 𝑃𝑃𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 300 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, 𝑃𝑃𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 500 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, 𝑀𝑀𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 100 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 𝑚𝑚, 𝑀𝑀𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 130 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 𝑚𝑚
Column Design Criteria: 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐′ = 28 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀, 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 400𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
Footing Design Criteria: 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐′ = 21 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀, 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 400𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀, 𝑞𝑞𝑎𝑎 = 180 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘,𝐷𝐷𝑓𝑓 = 1.50 𝑚𝑚, 𝛾𝛾𝑠𝑠 = 16 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚3,𝛾𝛾𝑐𝑐 =
24 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚3, 𝑑𝑑𝑏𝑏 = 20 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚, assume a thickness of the footing of 500 mm.
• Solution:
1) Effective Bearing Capacity (qe)
𝒒𝒒𝒆𝒆 = 180 − 16(1.0) − 24(0.5)
𝒒𝒒𝒆𝒆 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌
2) Required Area and Base of the ftg

𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 300𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 500𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

𝒒𝒒𝒆𝒆 = → 152 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 =
𝑨𝑨𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 𝐴𝐴𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

𝑨𝑨𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝒎𝟐𝟐 ; 𝐵𝐵𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = √5.26 = 2.2935𝑚𝑚

𝑩𝑩𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎
3) Bearing Capacity due to Eccentricity

𝚺𝚺𝑴𝑴 100 + 130

𝒆𝒆 = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 • Flexural Moment (Mu)
𝚺𝚺𝑷𝑷 300 + 500
𝑾𝑾𝒖𝒖 𝑳𝑳𝟐𝟐
1.2(300) + 1.6(500) 𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 = ; 𝑳𝑳 = 1.15 + (0.29 − 0.225) = 1.215 𝑚𝑚
𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 = = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 𝟐𝟐
(2.30𝑚𝑚)2 (1.215)2
𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 =219.28 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 (2.3𝑚𝑚)
4) “d” and “tprov” 2
𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 =372.27 kN-m
One-Way Shear: 𝑉𝑉𝑢𝑢1 < ∅𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐1 ; ∅ = 0.75
𝟏𝟏 • Actual Steel Ratio (ρactual)
𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 (𝒃𝒃)(𝒛𝒛) = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 � � (𝟏𝟏)�𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄(𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃) 𝝆𝝆𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚
𝟔𝟔 𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 = 𝝓𝝓𝝓𝝓𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝒃𝒃𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 �𝟏𝟏 − � ; 𝝓𝝓 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
219.28 0.75 𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄
(2300)(1215 − 𝑑𝑑1 ) = � � √21(2300)(𝑑𝑑1 )
1000 6 372.27(1000)2
𝒅𝒅𝟏𝟏 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎, ✔ to be used as dreq (choose higher) (𝜌𝜌)(400)
= 0.90(𝜌𝜌)(400)(2300)(345)2 �1 − �
1.7(21)
Two-Way Shear: 𝑉𝑉𝑢𝑢2 < ∅𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐2 ; ∅ = 0.75
𝟏𝟏 𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 (𝑨𝑨𝒐𝒐 − 𝑨𝑨𝒊𝒊 ) = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 � � (𝟏𝟏)�𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄(𝒃𝒃𝒐𝒐 𝒅𝒅)
𝟑𝟑
219.28 0.75 • Compare ρactual with ρmin
[23002 − (450 + 𝑑𝑑2 )2 ] = � � √21(4(450 + 𝑑𝑑2 ))(𝑑𝑑2 ) 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒 1.4
1000 3 𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 400
�𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄 √21
𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒕𝒕𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 = 𝒅𝒅𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 + 𝑪𝑪𝒄𝒄 + 𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 + 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝒃𝒃 𝟒𝟒𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 4(400)
𝒕𝒕𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 = 336.35 + 75 + 20 + 0.5(20) 𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 < 𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 ∴ 𝝆𝝆 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒕𝒕𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 = 440.662 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢) → 𝒕𝒕𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎

𝒅𝒅𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝒕𝒕𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 − 𝑪𝑪𝒄𝒄 − 𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 − 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝒃𝒃 = 450 − 75 − 20 − 10

𝒅𝒅𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎

Engr. Bryan Dale P. Yu FOUNDATION ENGINEERING Page 18 of 24

 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

8) Number of bars and required spacing 10) Check the bearing strength of the column and footing
𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 for column:
𝝆𝝆 = ; 𝝆𝝆 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 ∅𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = ∅𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 ∅𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = (0.65)(0.85)(21)(4502 )
0.00395 = → 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 3134.325 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 ∅𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 > 𝑷𝑷𝒖𝒖 → 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐!
(2300)(345)
𝝅𝝅 𝜋𝜋
𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 = 𝒏𝒏 � 𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 𝟐𝟐 � ; 3134.325 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 = 𝑛𝑛 � (20𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2 � for footing:
𝟒𝟒 4
𝒏𝒏 = 𝟗𝟗. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 (𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖) → 𝒏𝒏 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 𝑨𝑨𝟐𝟐
𝝓𝝓𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = 𝝓𝝓𝝓𝝓. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄 𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏 �
20 𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏
𝒙𝒙 = 2300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 2(75) − 2 � � = 2130 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
2
𝑨𝑨𝟐𝟐 23002 𝑨𝑨𝟐𝟐
𝒙𝒙 2130 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 � =� = 5.11 > 2.0 → � = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟎𝟎
𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 = = 𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏 4502 𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏
𝒏𝒏 − 𝟏𝟏 10 − 1
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = 236.667 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚; 𝑆𝑆 < 5𝑡𝑡 < 450 𝝓𝝓𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = (0.65)(0.85)(21)(4502 )(2.0)
∅𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 > 𝑷𝑷𝒖𝒖 → 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐!
∴ 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎

9) Check the Development Length

𝑳𝑳𝒅𝒅 𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝝍𝝍𝒕𝒕 𝝍𝝍𝒆𝒆 𝝍𝝍𝒔𝒔
=
𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 𝒄𝒄 + 𝒌𝒌𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕
𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏�𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄 � �
𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃
𝝍𝝍𝒕𝒕 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎, 𝝍𝝍𝒆𝒆 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎; (1.0)(1.0) ≤ 1.70
𝝍𝝍𝒔𝒔 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖
𝒄𝒄𝟏𝟏 = 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕
1
𝒄𝒄𝟐𝟐 = (230) = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
2
𝒄𝒄 + 𝒌𝒌𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 + 𝟎𝟎
: = 4.69 ≤ 2.50
𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝒄𝒄 + 𝒌𝒌𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕
∴ = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓
𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃
𝑳𝑳𝒅𝒅 𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝝍𝝍𝒕𝒕 𝝍𝝍𝒆𝒆 𝝍𝝍𝒔𝒔 400(1.0)(1.0)(0.80)
= = (20)
𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 𝒄𝒄 + 𝒌𝒌 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 1.1(1.0)√21(2.5)
𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏�𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄 � �
𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃
𝐋𝐋𝐝𝐝 = 507.8525 mm
𝑳𝑳𝒅𝒅(𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑) = 925𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 75𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖
𝑳𝑳𝒅𝒅(𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑) > 𝑳𝑳𝒅𝒅(𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎) ∴ 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐!

Engr. Bryan Dale P. Yu FOUNDATION ENGINEERING Page 19 of 24

 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

Example 6: Edge Footing – UNIFORM PRESSURE APPROACH

Design the edge footing using uniform pressure approach

Loads: 𝑃𝑃𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 300 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, 𝑃𝑃𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 150 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, 𝑀𝑀𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 180 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 𝑚𝑚, 𝑀𝑀𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 95 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 𝑚𝑚
Column Design Criteria: 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐′ = 21 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀, 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 400𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀, 400mm x 400mm
Footing Design Criteria: 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐′ = 21 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀, 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 400𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀, 𝑞𝑞𝑒𝑒 = 150 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, 𝑑𝑑𝑏𝑏 = 20𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
• Solution:
•
𝑀𝑀 180 + 95
𝑒𝑒 = =
400
𝑃𝑃 300 + 150
𝑒𝑒 = 0.6111𝑚𝑚
400 e L
𝐵𝐵 0.4
= 𝑒𝑒 + = 0.8111 𝑚𝑚
2 2
𝑩𝑩 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔

B
1) Dimensions
𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 300𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 150𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝒒𝒒𝒆𝒆 = → 150 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = Bars along “L”
𝑨𝑨𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 𝐵𝐵 × 𝐿𝐿
• Flexural Moment (Mu)
300𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 150𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 (1.30)2
𝐿𝐿= = 1.8496 𝑚𝑚 𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 =185.7585 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 (1.90𝑚𝑚)
(1.622 𝑚𝑚)(150 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘) 2
𝑳𝑳𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 𝒎𝒎; 𝑩𝑩𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝒎𝒎 𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 =298.2353 kN-m

2) Ultimate Bearing Capacity • Actual Steel Ratio (ρactual)

𝝆𝝆𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚
𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 = 𝝓𝝓𝝓𝝓𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝒃𝒃𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 �𝟏𝟏 − � ; 𝝓𝝓 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
1.2(300) + 1.6(500) 𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄
𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 = = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 (𝜌𝜌)(400)
(1.70)(1.90) 298.2353 × 106 = 0.90(𝜌𝜌)(400)(1900)(345)2 �1 − �
1.7(21)
3) “d” and “tprov”
𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
• Compare ρactual with ρmin
One-Way Shear: 𝑉𝑉𝑢𝑢1 < ∅𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐1 ; ∅ = 0.75
𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒 1.4
for situation ① 𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 400
185.7585 0.75
(1900)(1300 − 𝑑𝑑1 ) = � � √21(1900)(𝑑𝑑1 )
1000 6 �𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄 √21
𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒅𝒅𝟏𝟏 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎, ✔ to be used as dreq (choose higher) 𝟒𝟒𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 4(400)
for situation ② 𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 > 𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 ∴ 𝝆𝝆 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
185.7585 0.75 • Number of bars and required spacing
(1700)(750 − 𝑑𝑑1 ) = � � √21(1700)(𝑑𝑑1 )
1000 6 𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠
𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 𝝆𝝆 = ; 0.0035 = → 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 2294.25 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 (1900)(345)
𝝅𝝅 𝜋𝜋
Two-Way Shear: 𝑉𝑉𝑢𝑢2 < ∅𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐2 ; ∅ = 0.75 𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 = 𝒏𝒏 � 𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 𝟐𝟐 � ; 2294.25 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 = 𝑛𝑛 � (20𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2 �
𝟒𝟒 4
185.7585
[(1900)(1700) − (400 + 𝑑𝑑3 )(400 + 0.5𝑑𝑑3 )] 𝒏𝒏 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟑𝟑 (𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖) → 𝒏𝒏 = 𝟖𝟖 𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃
1000
0.75 20
=� � √21[(400 + 𝑑𝑑3 ) + (800 + 𝑑𝑑3 )](𝑑𝑑3 ) 𝒙𝒙 = 1700𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 2(75) − 2 � � = 1530 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
3 2
𝒅𝒅𝟑𝟑 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎
𝒙𝒙 1530 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 = =
𝒏𝒏 − 𝟏𝟏 8−1
𝒕𝒕𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 = 318.3394 + 75 + 20 + 0.5(20)
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = 218.57 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚; 𝑆𝑆 < 5𝑡𝑡 < 450
𝒕𝒕𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 = 423.34 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢) → 𝒕𝒕𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎
𝒅𝒅𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 450 − 75 − 20 − 10 → 𝒅𝒅𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 ∴ 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎

Engr. Bryan Dale P. Yu FOUNDATION ENGINEERING Page 20 of 24

 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

Bars along “B”

• Flexural Moment (Mu)
(0.75)2
𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 =185.7585 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 (1.70𝑚𝑚)
2
𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 =88.8158 kN-m

• Actual Steel Ratio (ρactual)

𝝆𝝆𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚
𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 = 𝝓𝝓𝝓𝝓𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝒃𝒃𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 �𝟏𝟏 − � ; 𝝓𝝓 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄
(𝜌𝜌)(400)
88.8158 × 106 = 0.90(𝜌𝜌)(400)(1700)(345)2 �1 − �
1.7(21)
𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
• Compare ρactual with ρmin
𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒 1.4
𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 400
�𝒇𝒇′ 𝒄𝒄 √21
𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 = = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟒𝟒𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 4(400)
𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 > 𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 ∴ 𝝆𝝆 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
• Number of bars and required spacing
𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠
𝝆𝝆 = ; 0.0035 = → 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 2052.75 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 (1700)(345)
𝝅𝝅 𝜋𝜋
𝑨𝑨𝒔𝒔 = 𝒏𝒏 � 𝒅𝒅𝒃𝒃 𝟐𝟐 � ; 2052.75 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 = 𝑛𝑛 � (20𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2 �
𝟒𝟒 4
𝒏𝒏 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 (𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖) → 𝒏𝒏 = 𝟕𝟕 𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃
20
𝒙𝒙 = 1900𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 2(75) − 2 � � = 1730 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
2
𝒙𝒙 1730 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 = =
𝒏𝒏 − 𝟏𝟏 7−1
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = 288.33 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚; 𝑆𝑆 < 5𝑡𝑡 < 450
∴ 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎

• Bandwidth Length
𝑵𝑵𝑩𝑩 𝟐𝟐 2
= → 𝑵𝑵𝑩𝑩 = (8)
𝑵𝑵𝑳𝑳 𝜷𝜷 + 𝟏𝟏 1900
+1
1700
𝑵𝑵𝑩𝑩 = 7.56 ≈ 8 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 (𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)

𝑵𝑵𝑩𝑩 = 𝟖𝟖 − 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐∅
𝑵𝑵𝑳𝑳 = 𝟖𝟖 − 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐∅

Engr. Bryan Dale P. Yu FOUNDATION ENGINEERING Page 21 of 24

 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

Example 6: Combined Footing

Design the rectangular combined footing:

Footing Design Criteria: 𝑞𝑞𝑎𝑎 = 240 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐′ = 20.7 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀, 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 419 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀, 𝐷𝐷𝑓𝑓 = 1.80 𝑚𝑚, 𝛾𝛾𝑐𝑐 = 24.0 , 𝛾𝛾
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
= 15.70
𝑚𝑚3 𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑚3
Assume: 𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓 = 700 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚, 𝑑𝑑𝑏𝑏 = 25𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 ∅
Column1 Design Criteria: 450mm x 450mm Column2 Design Criteria: 500mm x 500mm
Loads: 𝑃𝑃𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 535 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, 𝑃𝑃𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 446 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 Loads: 𝑃𝑃𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 892 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, 𝑃𝑃𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 669 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
• Solution:
1) Effective Bearing Capacity (qe)
𝑞𝑞𝑒𝑒 = 240 − 24(0.7) − 16(1.8 − 0.7)
𝒒𝒒𝒆𝒆 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌
2) Required Area
𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 (535 + 446) + (892 + 669)
𝑞𝑞𝑒𝑒 = → 205 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 =
𝐴𝐴𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐴𝐴𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑨𝑨𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝒎𝟐𝟐
3) Dimensions
𝑅𝑅 = (535 + 446) + (892 + 669) = 2542 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
2542 (𝑥𝑥) = 981 (0) + 1561(3.6)
𝑥𝑥 = 2.2107 𝑚𝑚
𝐿𝐿 0.45
= 2.2107 + = 4.8714 𝑚𝑚
2 2
𝑳𝑳𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 ; 12.40 𝑚𝑚2 = 𝐿𝐿 × 𝐵𝐵
𝑩𝑩𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔
4) Ultimate Bearing Capacity
𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢1 =1.2(535) + 1.6(446) = 1355.60 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
V3
𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢2 =1.2(892) + 1.6(669) = 2140.80 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑧𝑧 3.6 − 𝑧𝑧
=
1355.60 + 2140.80 V1 𝑉𝑉2 𝑉𝑉3
𝒒𝒒𝒖𝒖 = = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 𝑧𝑧 = 1.6748
(4.90)(2.60) 3.6 − 𝑧𝑧 = 1.9252
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 z
𝑊𝑊𝑢𝑢 = 274.4427 (2.60) = 713.55102
𝑚𝑚 3.60-z

V4
V2
𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫
𝑉𝑉1 = 713.5510(0.225) = 160.5489 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
M3
𝑉𝑉2 = 160.5489 − 1355.60 = −1195.051 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
M1
𝑉𝑉3 = −1195.051 + 713.551(3.60) = 1373.7326 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑉𝑉4 = 1373.7326 − 2140.80 = −767.0674 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑉𝑉5 = −767.0674 + 713.551(1.075) = 0 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
M4
1
𝑀𝑀1 = (160.5489)(0.225) = 18.0618 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 𝑚𝑚 M2
2
1
𝑀𝑀2 = 18.0618 − (1195.051)(𝑧𝑧) = −982.6739 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 𝑚𝑚
2
1
𝑀𝑀3 = −982.6739 + (1373.7326)(3.6 − 𝑧𝑧) = 339.6811 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 𝑚𝑚
2
1
𝑀𝑀4 = 339.6811 − (767.0674)(1.075) = −72.6176 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 𝑚𝑚
2

Engr. Bryan Dale P. Yu FOUNDATION ENGINEERING Page 22 of 24

 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

5) “d” and “tprov” For Column 1: Edge Column

Beam Shear: Highest +V Bars along “B”

𝑉𝑉𝑢𝑢1 1373.7326 𝑥𝑥103 • Bottom Bars (+M)
= 𝝆𝝆𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚
1925.20 − 𝑑𝑑1 − 250 1925.20 𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 = 𝝓𝝓𝝓𝝓𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝒃𝒃𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 �𝟏𝟏 − � ; 𝝓𝝓 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄
𝑽𝑽𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖 < ∅𝑽𝑽𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 ; ∅ = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 (𝜌𝜌)(419)
339.5437 × 106 = 0.90(𝜌𝜌)(419)(2600)(587.50)2 �1 − �
1373.7326 𝑥𝑥103 0.75 1.7(20.7)
(1925.20 − 𝑑𝑑1 − 250) = � � √20.7(2600)(𝑑𝑑1 ) 𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
1925.20 6

𝒅𝒅𝟏𝟏 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎, ✔ to be used as dreq (choose higher) 𝜌𝜌𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 =

1.4
= 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 ; 𝜌𝜌𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 =
√20.7
= 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
419 4(419)
𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 > 𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 ∴ 𝝆𝝆 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
Punching Shear: Column 1 (Edge) 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠
274.4427 𝑑𝑑2 𝜌𝜌 = ; 0.00338 = → 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 5160.95 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
𝑉𝑉𝑢𝑢2 = 1355.6 − (450 + 𝑑𝑑2 )(450 + ) 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 (2600)(587.50)
1000 2
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
∅𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐2 = �
0.75
� √20.7(450 + 𝑑𝑑2+ + 450 +
𝑑𝑑2 𝑑𝑑
+ 450 + 2)(𝑑𝑑2 ) 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 𝑛𝑛 � 𝑑𝑑𝑏𝑏 2 � ; 5160.95 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 = 𝑛𝑛 � (25𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2 �
3 2 2 4 4
𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 𝒏𝒏 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 (𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖) → 𝒏𝒏 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃

Punching Shear: Column 2 (Interior)

274.4427 • Top Bars (-M)
𝑉𝑉𝑢𝑢2 = 2140.80 − (500 + 𝑑𝑑3 )2 𝝆𝝆𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚
1000 𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 = 𝝓𝝓𝝓𝝓𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝒃𝒃𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 �𝟏𝟏 − � ; 𝝓𝝓 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
0.75 𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄
∅𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐2 = � � √20.7(4)(500 + 𝑑𝑑3 ) (𝜌𝜌)(419)
3 982.674 × 106 = 0.90(𝜌𝜌)(419)(2600)(587.50)2 �1 − �
𝒅𝒅𝟑𝟑 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 1.7(20.7)
𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
1.4 √20.7
𝒕𝒕𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 = 545.2681 + 75 + 25 + 0.5(25) 𝜌𝜌𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 ; 𝜌𝜌𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
419 4(419)
𝒕𝒕𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 = 697.7681𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢) → 𝒕𝒕𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎
𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 > 𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 ∴ 𝝆𝝆 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠
𝜌𝜌 = ; 0.00338 = → 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 5160.95 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 (2600)(587.50)
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 𝑛𝑛 � 𝑑𝑑𝑏𝑏 2 � ; 5160.95 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 = 𝑛𝑛 � (25𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2 �
4 4
𝒏𝒏 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 (𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖) → 𝒏𝒏 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃

Bars along “L”

274.4427 (0.75625)(1.075)2
𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢 = = 119.9234 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 − 𝑚𝑚
2
(-M): Top Bars 𝝆𝝆𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚
(+M): Bottom Bars 𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 = 𝝓𝝓𝝓𝝓𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝒃𝒃𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 �𝟏𝟏 − � ; 𝝓𝝓 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄
(𝜌𝜌)(419)
119.9234 × 106 = 0.90(𝜌𝜌)(419)(756.25)(612.5)2 �1 − �
1.7(20.7)
𝒅𝒅𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 700 − 75 − 1.5(25)
Along B 𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒅𝒅𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 1.4 √20.7
𝜌𝜌𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 ; 𝜌𝜌𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
419 4(419)
𝒅𝒅𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 700 − 75 − 0.5(25) 𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 > 𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 ∴ 𝝆𝝆 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
Along L
𝒅𝒅𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 = 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠
𝜌𝜌 = ; 0.00338 = → 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 1565.6266 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 (756.25)(612.5)
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 𝑛𝑛 � 𝑑𝑑𝑏𝑏 2 � ; 1565.63 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 = 𝑛𝑛 � (25𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2 �
4 4
𝒏𝒏 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 (𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖) → 𝒏𝒏 = 𝟒𝟒 𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃

Engr. Bryan Dale P. Yu FOUNDATION ENGINEERING Page 23 of 24

 Module 5 – Design of Isolated Footings

For Column 2: Interior Column

Bars along “B”

1112.5
274.4427 � � (1.05)2
𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢 = 1000 = 168.3063 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 − 𝑚𝑚
2
𝝆𝝆𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚
𝑴𝑴𝒖𝒖 = 𝝓𝝓𝝓𝝓𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚 𝒃𝒃𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 �𝟏𝟏 − � ; 𝝓𝝓 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝒇𝒇′𝒄𝒄
(𝜌𝜌)(419)
168.3063 × 106 = 0.90(𝜌𝜌)(419)(1112.5)(612.5)2 �1 − �
1.7(20.7)

𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

1.4 √20.7
𝜌𝜌𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 ; 𝜌𝜌𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
419 4(419)
𝝆𝝆𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 > 𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 ∴ 𝝆𝝆 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠
𝜌𝜌 = ; 0.00338 = → 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 2303.1531 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 (1112.5)(612.5)
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 𝑛𝑛 � 𝑑𝑑𝑏𝑏 2 � ; 2303.1531 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 = 𝑛𝑛 � (25𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2 �
4 4
𝒏𝒏 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 (𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖) → 𝒏𝒏 = 𝟓𝟓 𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃

Temperature Bars
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶: 𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠
𝜌𝜌 = ; 0.0018 = → 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 1226.5313 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 (1112.5)(612.5)
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 = 𝑛𝑛 � 𝑑𝑑𝑏𝑏 2 � ; 2303.1531 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 = 𝑛𝑛 � (25𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2 �
4 4
𝒏𝒏 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 (𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖) → 𝒏𝒏 = 𝟑𝟑 𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃

Engr. Bryan Dale P. Yu FOUNDATION ENGINEERING Page 24 of 24