Presentation of Group No : 01

Footing 141001,141002,141003
141004,141005,141006
Dr. Md. Rezaul Karim
Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur
 Objective

01 To know various types of footing

02 To know Design theory of Footing

03 To know Design Procedure of Footing

04 Details of footing
 Index

 Foundation
 Footing
 Function of Footing
 Types of Footing  Size of footing
 Wall Footing  Design for one way shear for column
 Isolated or single-column Footing footing
 Combined Footing  Design for Two way shear of footing
 Raft Footing  Flexure strength & Reinforcement of
 Pile Cap footing
 Soil Pressure  Distribution & Development length
 Maximum Allowable Soil Pressure  Dowel Bar
 Design Thought  Typical Drawing
 Design assumption of Footing
 One way shear
 Two way shear
 Foundation

What is Foundation ?

The substructure or foundation is the

part of a structure that is usually placed
below the surface of the ground and that
transmits the load to the underlying soil
or rock.

 Transmits the load to the underlying

soil or rock.

 Anchor to the superstructure

 Footing

What is Footing ?
Footings are sub structural member which is
used to support columns and walls and
transmit their loads to the underlying soils. It
is a one kind of bridge to earth and supper
structure.

 It is a bridge of load transferring from

structure to soil.
Footing
 All substructures are not footing.
 Function of Footing

Wall
What is funtion of footing ?

 To transmit the load of the structure to a soil

layer of sufficient strength Footing

 To spread the load over a sufficiently large area Soil

of that layer to minimize bearing pressure
 Types of Footing

01
Wall Footing

02 Isolated or single column footing

03 Combined Footing

04 Mat or Rat or Floating Footing

05 Pile Caps
 Wall Footing

What is wall footing ?

Wall footing is simply an enlargement of the

bottom of a wall that will sufficiently distribute
the load to the foundation soil

Normally used around the perimeter of a building

and interior walls.
 Isolated or single-column Footing

What is Isolated or single-column Footing ?

Isolated or single-column footing is used to

support the load of a single column.

 Loads are relatively light

 Columns are not closely spaced
 Combined Footing
What is Combined footing ?
When space between two single-column footing are too small that both
footing would run into each other.

At property line when single-column

footing extend across these line then
column footing are provided
 Raft Footing
What is raft footing ?
A mat or raft or floating footing is a continuous reinforced concrete slab over a
large area used to support many columns and walls.

 Soil strength is low

 Column load is high
 If isolated column are provided then it cover
more then 50% of total building area
 Pile Cap

What is Pile Cap?

When soil strength is lower then use pile foundation .Pile

caps are slabs of reinforced concrete used to distribute
column loads to group of piles .

Pile Cap or Footing

Design Consideration of
footing
 Soil Pressure

Fig – (a) Pressure Max at end of Footing in Fig- (b) Pressure Max at Center of Footing in
Clay soil Sandy soil

The soil pressure at the surface of contact

between a footing and the soil is assumed to
be uniformly distributed as long as the load
above is applied at the center of gravity of
the footing

Fig- (c)
Maximum Allowable Soil Pressure
 Design Thought

 The factored load of footing must be prevented and

equilibrated by corresponding bearing pressure of soil .

 Footing must be designed to resist

 One way shear

 Two way or punching shear
 All moments
 Design assumption of Footing

Fig- c
Fig- a

Fig- d

Fig- e
Fig- b
 One way shear

One way shear

One Way Shear or beam shear .This types of shear
failure occurs at the d distance from the face of column
or Wall at 45 degree

Critical section for one way shear

Footing
Two way shear
Two way or  The compression load from
Punching shear the column tends to spread
out into the footing.
 Diagonal tension in that
area occur.
 As a result a square
column tends to punch out
from the slab.
 Shape of punching area of a
headless pyramid.

Critical section for two way

shear is located at d/2
distance from the face of the
column .
Design procedure of
footing
 Size of footing

The area of footing can be determined from the actual external loads
such that the allowable soil pressure is not exceeded.

Total unfactored load including self - weight 

Area of footing 
Allowable soil pressure

Strength design requirements

Pu (Factored load)
Ultimate design pressure q u 
Area of footing
 Design for one way shear for column footing

Developed shear force at critical section-

Allowable shear force -

Check the adequacy of the section if Vu ≤ øVc or not.

 Design for Two way shear of footing

Determine b0:
b0 = 4(c+ d) for square columns c= side dimension
b0 = 2(c1+d) +2(c2+d) for rectangular columns of sides c1 and c2.

Developed shear force at the critical section-

 
Vu  q u A - c  d  for square columns
2

Allowable shear force

φVc  4φ fc b0d

Check the adequacy for the punching shear if Vu ≤ øVc or not.

 Flexure strength & Reinforcement of footing

Determined Moment
M = q x (L-C)/2 (L-C)/2

Reinforcement Calculation
Inverted Cantilever
First assume a then get As from Trail & Error method
Slab

Minimum reinforcement

Minimum reinforcement
 Distribution & Development length

Development length
The development length for compression bars
But not less than

Distribution Bar
Distribution Bar wall Footing

Distribution Bar Rectangular column Footing

 Dowel Bar

Dowel Bar
 A minimum steel ratio r = 0.005 of the column section compared to r = 0.01 as
minimum reinforcement for the column itself.
 The numbers of dowel bars needed is four these may be placed at the four corners
of the column.
 The dowel bars are usually extended into the footing, bent at the ends, and tied to
the main footing reinforcement.
 The dowel diameter shall not exceed the diameter of the longitudinal bars
Typical Drawing
 That’s all
Thank you everyone