Kelvin M Hardingham

Williams Fire & Hazard Control inc.

MANCHESTER 2005

Kelvin M Hardingham
Williams Fire & Hazard Control
Lead Fire fighter & Manager
Turkey Summer, 1999
Chevron Marketing Terminal - Honolulu
AUSTRALIA
LUISIANNA
Escravos Refinery Chevron - Nigéria
MOBIL OIL UK
Gdansk refinéry - Poland
MOBIL NEW ORLEANS
ORION NARCO REFINERY
 TANK FIRES DON’T HAPPEN !!

TO DATE – 80 + FULL SURFACE TANK FIRES

EXTINGUISHED BY
Williams Fire & Hazard Control inc.
 Sample of the many full surface tank firesaround the world
successfully extinguished by WF&HC
Dome Petroleum 7 tanks crude oil
Navajo Refinery 2 tanks Gasoline
Tenneco Louisiana 1 tank gasoline
Mid Valley pipeline co. 3 crude tanks

Chevron Port Arthur 3 Blended product tanks Shell Belfree Tank

Amoco tank MTBE Exxon Baton Rouge 15 tanks various products

Stapleton airport 2 tanks jet fuels Steuart Petroleum Gasoline tank

Sunoco tank raffinate Chevron Midland tank crude oil

Ultramar California tank Teppco Baytown tank Gasoline

Tejas Texas 3 tanks condensate Phillips 3 tanks crude oil

Chevron Pascagoula tank blended gasoline Teppco sealy tank crude oil

Aruba Carribean several tanks various Orion Tank Gasoline

Guatemala tank blended product Repsol Spain 6 tanks various

 Typical Causes

Weather Human
Equipment Failure

Vapour release Adjacent incident

Terrorist action

& many others

 Small sample of Countries where recent Full surface tank fires
not using WF&HC equipment or technologies failed to be extinguished

Turkey Thailand

Russia Mexico

Brazil Japan

France
Poland

Albania India

Nigeria Australia

Jamaica
Lybia Etc. Etc.
Are you prepared if it happens ?

or is it

It will never happen to me !

This Fire Chief thought that also

As well as the Fire Chiefs and

managers @ those others
shown earlier
 FULL SURFACE TANK FIRES
There are always options in life and business
WHAT ARE YOUR OPTIONS ?
•Do nothing – play the roulette wheel keep your fingers
crossed
– probabilility says you may be lucky

•Plan to control the incident if it happens

– in the office that may seem easy
SUNOCO, REPSOL, TOTAL, GDANSK etc.
etc.
IF EITHER OF THE ABOVE GOES WRONG THEN WHAT
ARE THE CONSEQUENCIES?
catastrophic $ losses & people?
Public relations disaster?
Criminal proceedings?

OTHER OPTIONS
PROTECT YOUR BANK BALANCE By PLANNING TO PUT
IT OUT SAFELY & QUICKLY
 The Cost Of A Small 150 ft (45 metre) Burning Tank
Tank Specifics
Diameter 150 Ft ( 45 metre)
Height 65 ft ( 20 metre)
Tank Cost ($/Ft2) * $ 37.30

Extinguishing Specifics
Application Rate 0.16 (6.5 lpm)
Percent Of Concentrate 0.03%
Recommended Duration 65 min

Concentrate Cost ($/gal.) $ 16.00 ( $ 4.20 per litre)

Product Specifics
Product Cost ($/bbl) $ 52.50

Burn Rate (Ft/hr.) 1 (0.3 metre)

Number Of Like Tanks 7

*37.30 ($/ft2) Based on 160' X 40 external floater @ $1.5 million (C.B.&I.) 10/19/04
Surface Area 17671.45868 (1642 sq m)

GPM Water/Foam
Solution 2827.43 (10,705 lpm)

GPM Foam
Concentrate 84.82 (321 lpm)

Total Volume Of Foam 5513.50 (20,870 litres)

Concentrate 65 min

Volume
(bbls) 206,756.07

Value of Contents $ 10,854,693.49

Loss
($/sec.) $ 46.39

Tank Cost * $ 1,160,192.84

Total Loss $ 12,014,886.33

Concentrate Cost
($/hr.) $ 81,430.08

Concentrate Cost
($/sec.) $ 22.62

Potential Hours of
Burning 65.0
 Fire Protection Vs. Investments

Pump Cost (Based on $25.00/Gallon) $ 70,685.83

Gun Cost (Based On $12.00/Gallon $ 33,929.20

Concentrate Cost $ 88,215.92

Approx Extinguishment Cost $ 192,830.96

Percentage of Investment Of Sample Tank 16.0%

number of like tanks 7

Value Of Investment For All Tanks $ 84,104,204.31

Percentage Of Investment For All Tanks. 2.3%

HOW MANY TANKS & WHAT

SIZE @ YOUR FACILITY?
70+ = 0.13%
 SUPPORT AVAILABLE FROM
WILLIAMS FIRE & HAZARD CONTROL INC.
1. 24 / 365 TELE CONFERENCE
2.
3. 24 /365 TECHNICAL ON SITE
24 / 365 EQUIPMENT AND TOTAL SUPPORT
INCIDENT CONTROL SUPPORT –TRAVEL TIME
Heavy lift air support available 4
CONSIDERATION
hours Texas
Example
UK – SPAIN
2 hour securing plane
3 hour flight & clearance
1+ hour airport to site
Incident duration 41 hours

TO DATE OVER 300 STAGE 2 & 3 RESPONSES WORLDWIDE

Securing Resources
Incident one
ORION's NARCO REFINERY 83 METRE BLENDED GASOLENE TANK FIRE
June 7th 2001

1330 Ignition 0030 Foam operations fully set up

1337 WF&HC notified 0132 Foam attack commenced
1400 WF&HC lead personnel en route Big Foot & Ambassador
1530 WF&HC equipment en-route from Louisiana mutual aid group
1900WF&HC lead personnel on site 0157 Flame collapse
Single 83 metre blended Gasoline tank 0237 Fire extinguished
1930 Deployment of Big Foot & Ambassador 0237 Vapour suppression continues
2000 12,000 Gpm via 5inch hose established 0530 WF&HC secure scene and hand over
2200 Foam tankers and tote trailers positioned to refinery personnel

Extinguishment Time: 65 Minutes

Product Remaining After Extinguishment :
6,000,000 Gallons 23,000,000 litres
 Incident two: REPSOL Puertollano 14th -16th August 2003
Incident approx. 1200
1 call WF&HC
st 1900
Request from RESOL 2130
Arrive Madrid airport 0330
Arrive Puertollano 0500
Situation upon arrival
•Major explosion 7 fatalities
•6 tanks alight
•4 pressure fires
•Water pressure 1.5 bar
•Adjacent shpere cooling effected
Immediately commenced Cooling operations on pressure fires
0530
4 tanks extiguished ` 0700
Remaining 2 tanks 0730
Unable to locate sources of pressure fires 0930
Tank earth bund wall breached 1530 Post extinguishment
Tank with adj. pressure fire unable to dissipate heat 1400 WF&HC advised
Tank ignited and allowed to burn 1545 / 1930 Refinery fire department
Adjacent slops tank re-ignited from above tank 1630 / 1645 on control procedures
First pressure fire source located and extinguished 2015 for next 12, 24 hours
2nd & 3rd pressure fire source located and extinguished 2145 left site 1130 hrs 16th August
4th and major pressure fire partial source located and fire
reduced to 50% 2330
WF&HC retired for 3 hour Rest 0030
Final pressure fire source located and extinguished 0230
WF&HC return 3 tanks re-ignited during rest period
Last tank fires extinguished 2nd time 0730
Fire declared fully extinguished 0745
 It’s a chain
only as strong as its weakest link
Water

Foam Monitors

Training Application rate

Command/Management
Get it right and the chain is strong
Any weak links and the chain is weak
STRONG LINK
DAS ISLAND, UAE
36 inch fire main @ 16 bar, 24 inch risers
6 x 6 inch outlet manifolds every 50 metres round tank farm

CEYHAN TERMINAL TURKEY

24 inch ring fire main @ 14 bar
each hydrant manifold around tank farm comprising
6 x 12 inch risers with total of 18 x 6 inch outlets and 6 x 4 inch outlets per
manifold total approx 16 manifolds ( 7 tanks )
STRONG LINK
WEAK LINK
 WILLIAMS FIRE & HAZARD CONTROL INC.
Tank Diameter Minimum application rate
STRONG LINK

Up to 150 ft (1- 45 m) 0.16 Gpm - 6.5 Lpm

151 ft – 200 ft (46 - 61 m) 0.18 Gpm - 7.3 Lpm
201ft – 250 ft (61- 76 m) 0.20 Gpm - 8.1 Lpm
251ft – 300ft (77 - 91 m) 0.22 Gpm - 9.0 Lpm
310 ft + (92m +) 0.25 Gpm - 10.16 Lpm

WEAK LINK
NFPA 0.16 Gpm (6.5 Lpm)
 API Test Top Two Concentrates
250
225 225
Extinguishment Time in Seconds
200
186
175
150 144 150 145
125 133
100 104
75 74 72 74
50
25
0 Heptane 93 Octane
Gasoline 93 Octane Isopropanol 93 Octane
Gasohol Gasoline
@ 1%
= STRONG LINKS
PROPORTIONING ISSUES

3% - 1%

Cost of Concentrate
Comparison
IF THIS IS YOUR SYSTEM PREPARE FOR A NIGHTMARE
INPUT -5 GALLONS (20 LITRES) PER MIN
OUTPUT - 240 GALLON ( 900 LITRES) PER MIN !!

= 48 PEOPLE EMPTYING
FOAM DRUMS
 83 metre tank fire – NARCO
500000.00
433732.50
450000.00
400000.00
350000.00
U.S. Dollars

3%
300000.00
250000.00 214912.50
200000.00 1%
150000.00
100000.00
50000.00
0.00
Calculated Cost
 WEAK LINK

Aspirating nozzle
STRONG LINK

Non Aspirating nozzles

 STRONG LINKS

MONITOR SELECTION
OPTIONS
 STRONG LINK

Big Guns

Ambassador monitor

Big Foot monitor

STRONG LINK
 FOAM APPLICATION RATES

Tank Diameter Minimum application rate

Up to 150 ft (1- 45 m) 0.16 Gpm -6.5 Lpm

151 ft – 200 ft (46 - 61 m)0.18 Gpm -7.3 Lpm

201ft – 250 ft (61- 76 m) 0.20 Gpm -8.1 Lpm

251ft – 300ft (77 - 91 m) 0.22 Gpm -9.0 Lpm

310 ft + (92m +) 0.25 Gpm -10.16 Lpm

250
225 225
200
186
175
150 144 150 145
125 133
100 104
75 74 72 74
50
25
0
Single tank boilover
How are you prepared if it happens ?
 Some of the facilities in UK & EUROPE that are prepared
BP UK
BP AMSTERDAM
CONOCO UK
LOR UK
SEMICORP UK
ESSO UK
DOW CHEMICALS UK
BP SCOTLAND
BASF GERMANY
ESSO GERMANY
BAYERNOIL GERMANY
MIRO GERMANY
MERO CZECH REPUBLIC
SLAVONAFT SLOVAKIA
REPSOL SPAIN
CEPSA SPAIN
REPSOL TENERIFE
TUPRAS TURKEY
BP/BTC TURKEY
ANTWERP FIRE DEPT
SHELL GERMANY
BP CEYHAN TURKEY
 PROVEN IN THE HEAT OF THE BATTLE
Why not go with the Best???
24 / 365 proven Pre, during & post Incident support

Proven equipment Proven technologies

Proven foam concentrate “Thunderstorm”
Proven safety record

WILLIAMS FIRE & HAZARD

CONTROL INC.
80+ FULL SURFACE TANK FIRES
EXTINGUISHED TO DATE 100% record
WILLIAMS FIRE & HAZARD
CONTROL INC.

WE ARE
HERE
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YOU