Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A Study About The Effective Use of Eco-Friendly and Organic Mosquito Repellent
A Study About The Effective Use of Eco-Friendly and Organic Mosquito Repellent
A Study about the Effective Use of Eco-friendly and Organic Mosquito Repellent
A Research Proposal
Presented to the STEM Research Panel
Paombong High School, Inc.
Paombong, Bulacan
by
Jalaena Lou Lorenzo Miranda
A Study about the Effective Use of Eco-friendly and Organic Mosquito Repellent 2
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Page
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Problem Rationale 4-5
1.2 Significance of the Study 5
1.3 Statement of the Problem 6
1.4 Hypothesis 6
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Rationale/ Synopsis of the Literature 7-9
2.1.1 Related Literature 7-8
2.1.2 Related Studies 8-9
2.2 Discussion of Relevance 9-10
2.3 Conceptual Framework 10-11
3.0 Research Methods
3.1 Design 12
3.2 Selection 12
3.3 Instrumentation 12
3.4 Ethical Consideration 13
3.5 Data Gathering Procedure 13
3.6 Mode of Analysis 13-14
4.0 Results and Discussion
4.1 Materials/ Ingredients Used 15-16
4.2 Side Effects of Materials/ Ingredients Used 16-17
4.3 Home and Self-Evaluation to Mosquitoes 17
4.4 Organic Mosquito Repellent 17-18
4.5 Different Repellents Comparison 18
4.6 Longevity Comparison 19
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Conclusion 20
5.2 Recommendation 21
References 22-24
Appendices 25
A Study about the Effective Use of Eco-friendly and Organic Mosquito Repellent 4
A Study about the Effective Use of Eco-friendly and Organic Mosquito Repellent 5
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Problem Rationale
The researcher came up with this research study because of the increasing
number of people having dengue caused by mosquito and malaria during
summer and rainy season. It is commonly caused by poor sanitation that causes
mosquitoes to live and survive in stagnant waters. Many people are not
conscious to clean and check their surrounding that makes it prone to
mosquito’s existence. Furthermore, this will be a big help to anyone to prevent
themselves from mosquitoes without causing any bad effects since it is easy to
do, more natural and affordable unlike any other mosquito repellents.
This research study aims to produce a quality and effective organic
mosquito repellent in form of spray that can be used anytime so that people will
be not susceptible to insects that can cause illnesses or diseases. The organic
mosquito repellent will be made from garlic, dried rosemary, peppermint and
oregano which are derived from nature. Unlike organically prepared which
means to be cultivated without the use of fertilizers. The mosquito repellent is
targeted to be good for environmental and human health to prevent side effects
and damages.
This research study would benefit people of any age. Specifically, the
residents of Paombong and Malolos, Bulacan will benefit in this study to lessen
the chances of being susceptible to insect bites such as mosquito bites that may
lead to mosquito-related disease. This research study will be used by any
individual to prepare themselves for the rainy and summer season where
dengue outbreak in some areas are concerned. Through this research, once it is
proven effective, they will no longer buy commercial repellents that is expensive
and may cause harm to their health and to environment.
A Study about the Effective Use of Eco-friendly and Organic Mosquito Repellent 7
The study aims to examine and determine the effective use of eco-friendly
and organic mosquito repellent at home.
Specifically, the researchers aim to address the following questions:
1.) What are the ingredients used in making organic mosquito repellent?
2.) What is the best procedure to make a repellent?
3.) Is organic mosquito repellent more effective than commercial product
repellents?
4.) Why is it safe to human health and environment?
5.) How would this research study be beneficial for the community?
1.4 Hypothesis
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Rationale/ Synopsis of the Literature
2.1.1 Related Literature
Mosquito bites are not just simply bites because it turns into an infectious
disease that can be fatal and deadly. Pietrangelo (2016) states that mosquitoes
live near to areas where human lives like in stagnant water or in grass.
Moreover, the most common disease that we acquire from mosquito is
dengue fever. Dengue fever is known to be break-bone fever because it causes
severe pain in the muscle sand joints and severe headache (Alturas, J. & Hamili,
K.R., 2009). Additionally, in the Philippines, the DOH or Department of Health in
2017 reported that dengue cases from January 1 to March 25, 2017 decreased
unlike from the same time period last year. A total of 24, 958 cases were
reported which is 36.2% lower than last year.
However, it is important to be prepared to prevent having bites. Use of
insect repellent is necessary to be unattractive to mosquitoes. Pointer in 2017
emphasized that use of natural insect repellent is effective. Mercola (2015)
supports that using natural repellents are more effective than DEET. DEET has
the potential to cause health and environmental problems unlike using natural
repellents with no side effects.
In addition, peppermint leaves are effective to use as an ingredient to
mosquito repellent. An article online entitled Making Mosquito Repellent with
Mint Leaves (2012, April 24) proves that mint species release a pungent scent
that deters mosquitoes. The essence found in the peppermint stems, leaves and
flowers are also needed to be extracted to get the oil. Meanwhile, Hisky in 2011
proves that peppermint has high amount of menthol that may help to repel and
kill mosquitoes.
A Study about the Effective Use of Eco-friendly and Organic Mosquito Repellent 9
Similarly, rosemary can be also used for making repellents. Kathy Adams
stated in her article entitled Homemade Rosemary Mosquito Repellent Recipe, a
simple repellent can be made by just using dried rosemary and boiling water.
This repellent can be applied directly on your skin even on your pets.
Lastly, SavATree (2002, April 02) emphasizes that garlic contains a substance
called allicin when chopped, crushed or blended. It releases a strong odor that
makes a powerful repellent to insects such as mosquitoes and flies. An article
online entitled Garlic as a Natural Mosquito Repellent supports that garlic is
more effective in repelling mosquitoes. It is scientifically proven that garlic has
the ability to repel mosquitoes because of its strong smell and prevents it from
looking for their prey.
War II to repel mosquitoes. However, Rodriquez, S.D. et. al. (2015) stated that
repellent containing DEET have long-lasting effect to deter mosquito which
mostly contains synthetic chemicals that may be harmful to human skin and
environment.
In addition, many online articles have confirmed that herbs such as
peppermint, oregano, rosemary, catnip, garlic and osage orange fruit has
repelling effect that may help repel and kill mosquitoes. These herbs were
proven that it releases strong odor to be resistant to mosquito bites. Lastly, Hisky
(2011) proved that peppermint leaves can effectively repel mosquitoes as it
contains high amount of menthol.
Effective Use
Mosquito Repellent
1. Less Attraction
1. Organic
2. Protection Time
Ingredients
3. Possible Side
2. Safe to Human
Effects
and Environment
variable. Moreover, the study is involved with two groups: control group and
experimental group. A person will go outside of the house near a canal where
mosquitoes are mostly present. For control group, the left arm of the participant
will not use the formulated organic mosquito repellent. On the other hand, for
the experimental group, the right arm of the participant will be sprayed with the
formulated repellent. The activity will be conducted for 1 to 2 hours at night and
the repellency and protection from the repellent will be the basis for the
measurement of effectivity.
A Study about the Effective Use of Eco-friendly and Organic Mosquito Repellent 13
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODS
3.1 Design
In order to see the impact of using natural repellent, combination of
experimental research and qualitative research are used. Experimental research
will be needed to formulate the plan, procedure and execution of the natural
mosquito repellent using common ingredients that can effectively deter
mosquitoes. Also, qualitative research will be needed to clearly emphasize and
present the information to answer the research questions.
3.2 Selection
The researcher selected an approximate of 10 respondents from
Paombong and Malolos, Bulacan, male and female of any age. The respondents
are randomly chosen from the said areas because mosquitoes are present
everywhere. Also, they are chosen since assessment and observation are only
needed based on the tested product. Selected respondents may be either child
or adult who are willing to participate in the study.
3.3 Instrumentation
A questionnaire was used in gathering data. Self-constructed
questionnaire was done by providing questions to obtain the needed
information. The questionnaire has 2 parts. The first part is about home
assessment to mosquitoes to discover if the participant’s home were prone and
susceptible to mosquitoes. The second part is about organic mosquito repellent
to examine the efficacy of the product used. The questionnaire is consisted of
items that determined the effective use of organic mosquito repellent.
A Study about the Effective Use of Eco-friendly and Organic Mosquito Repellent 14
participants and will be used during day to night to assess what time of the day
mosquitoes were most active.
The product will be tested based on the hypothesis if organic ingredients
used as a material are effective to repel mosquitoes. The efficacy of the product
will be measured through the level of repellency and protection time on skin in
hours. The experiment will be analyzed using tables including explanations to
clearly present the data.
A Study about the Effective Use of Eco-friendly and Organic Mosquito Repellent 16
CHAPTER 4
RESULTS SND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the answer to specific questions and the output of
the study. It also includes the results of the evaluation conducted for the
experiment.
4.1 Materials/ Ingredients Used
Availability
Materials/ Chemical
Other Uses of
Ingredients Components
Ingredients
allicin, diallyl
disulfide, alliin,
ajoene, s-allyl
cysteine,
It may be used as raw
alliinase, diallyl
vegetable for culinary
trisulfide,
purposes, or as an Public
Garlic fructan, allyl
ingredient of Market
propyl disulfide,
traditional and modern
allixin, allyl
medicine.
mercaptan, syn-
propanethial-s-
oxide, sulfenic
acid
It is used for digestion
problems, including
heartburn, intestinal
gas (flatulence), liver
eucalyptol,
and gallbladder
carnosol,
Dried complaints, and loss of
rosmarinic acid, Supermarket
Rosemary appetite. It is also used
carnosonic acid,
for gout, cough,
ursolic acid
headache, high blood
pressure, and reducing
age-related memory
loss.
Peppermint menthol, It can be used, Backyard
menthone, including cosmetics,
menthyl acetate, aromatherapy, relaxing
menthofuran, baths, and as a
A Study about the Effective Use of Eco-friendly and Organic Mosquito Repellent 17
Though it is a natural, it may still pose harm to those who are sensitive to
the aforementioned ingredients. It may cause different allergic reactions
especially to skin when directly applied. Precautionary measures must be done
before testing and using the product.
The participants are not completely protected from mosquito bites even
though they maintain the cleanliness of their surroundings to prevent
mosquitoes live and reproduce. There is still a chance that sometimes
mosquitoes enter their houses which still makes them susceptible to bites.
Majority of them does not use any kind of repellent to protect themselves from
insects. As a result, they still get bitten by mosquitoes especially during night
time.
hours upon application. Also, it is convenient because they can make their own
in the home without going to the market. In addition, they did not encounter any
problem while using the product like skin reactions. On the other hand, they
suggested that the smell of the repellent and its shelf life for longer usage should
be improved. Lastly, the organic mosquito repellent can help the community to
make their own repellents in an easy way. Also, it can lessen the number of
individuals harmed by mosquito diseases.
Protection Side
Repellent Form Ingredients Availability Longevity
Time Effects
DEET and Dizziness,
1hr. and 2 to 3
OFF! Lotion other Market skin
30mins. years
ingredients reactions
Garlic,
1 and
Organic Peppermint,
Home/ 30mins ½
Mosquito Spray Oregano, None
Market to 2hrs mont
Repellent Dried
h
Rosemary
4.5 Different Repellents Comparison
A B
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
Organic repellent is all natural that keeps human protected from
mosquito that causes diseases like dengue and malaria which poses risk to
human health. Many were engage in using commercial repellents because it is
ready to apply. However, it contains the most active ingredient which is DEET
(N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) in mosquito repellents which is harmful to human
health and environment. The researcher concluded that ingredients like garlic,
dried rosemary, peppermint and oregano which releases essential oils called
ester are effective because it releases strong scent that deters mosquitoes over
maximum of 2 hours of protection time. The repellent was convenient to the
participants because it does not have a disturbing smell, easy to apply, and
leaves no sticky feeling. Also, the repellent can also be made at home which is
easier to do and affordable. However, the smell and shelf life of the repellent
must be improved. Even it is DEET-free and all natural, organic repellent is more
effective because it provides high repellency as well as user safety. In addition, it
is safe to human health because no side effects were observed when the product
was used as well as to environment because no synthetic chemicals were added
to the repellent. The organic repellent is beneficial for the community because it
provides an alternative solution to prevent mosquito-related diseases out of
natural resources available in our home. Lastly, this research study is new
because it uses combination of 4 ingredients instead of one since all of them are
proven effective to deter mosquitoes, it will be effective if all of them
complement with each other and create a good repelling effect.
A Study about the Effective Use of Eco-friendly and Organic Mosquito Repellent 22
5.2 Recommendation
Plant-based repellents are good alternatives to repellents available in
market. The researcher recommended that when making the repellent, more
ingredients must be added to have a stronger version and improve repellency.
Also, further studies must be conducted to explore and improve the smell and
shelf life of the repellent using other natural ingredients. The smell and shelf life
are both important in making organic mosquito repellent to have a more
convenient use of the product. Moreover, ways must be explored to have
maximum level of protection against mosquitoes and appropriate actions must
be taken like users should clean their bodies before applying the repellent
because untidy body can be a factor to be vulnerable to mosquitoes and wear
long clothes that can protect themselves from mosquitoes especially during at
night. Lastly, having screens at windows and main door can also effectively help
them to protect themselves from entering mosquitoes inside their home.
A Study about the Effective Use of Eco-friendly and Organic Mosquito Repellent 23
REFERENCES
(2012, April 24). “Making Mosquito Repellent with Mint Leaves”. Retrieved from
http://www.searchamelia.com/making-mosquito-repellent-with-mint -
leaves
Alturas, J. and Hamili, K.R. (2009, October 12). “Dengue Fever”. Retrieved from
http://einstein-kethmae.blogspot.com/2009/10/research-paper-writing -
dengue-fever.html
Baguino, R. (2016, February 23). “Natural Mosquito Coil Made from Oregano and
Charcoal”. Retrieved from https://prezi.com/z3hkabbatdst/natural-
mosquito-coil-made-from-oregano-and-charcoal/
Baker, S.L. (2009, September 06). “Insect repellent DEET is toxic to brain cells”.
Retrieved from
https://www.naturalnews.com/026982_DEET_insect_repellent_brain.h t
ml
Flasche, S., Jit, M., Barraquer, I. R., Coudeville, L. et. al. (2016, November 29).
“The Long-Term Safety, Public Health Impact, and Cost-Effectiveness of
Routine Vaccination with a Recombinant, Live-Attenuated Dengue
Vaccine (Dengvaxia): A Model Comparison Study”. Retrieved from
http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1
002181#authcontrib
“Is Your Bug Spray Doing More Harm than Good?”. Retrieved from
https://dellaterrawellness.com/bug-spray/
A Study about the Effective Use of Eco-friendly and Organic Mosquito Repellent 24
Mercola, J. (2015, May 25). “This Natural Bug Repellent Works Better Than
Deet”. Retrieved from
https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2015/05/25/natural -
insect-repellents.aspx
Oder, T. (2014, October 2). “12 plants that repel unwanted insects”. Retrieved
from https://www.mnn.com/your-home/organic-farming-
gardening/stories/12- plants-that-repel-unwanted-insects
Pietrangelo, A. and Rogers, G. (2016, July 07). “Mosquito Bite Symptoms and
Treatments”. Retrieved from
https://www.healthline.com/health/mosquito-bites
Pointer, K. and Sullivan, D. (2017, March 07). “Why Mosquito Bites Itch and How
to Stop Them”. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/why-
mosquito-bites-itch
Rani, N., Wany, A., Vidyarthi, A. S. and Pandey, D. M. (2013, May). “Study of
Citronella leaf based herbal mosquito repellents using natural binders”.
Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304488843_Study_of_Citron e
lla_leaf_based_herbal_mosquito_repellents_using_natural_binders
Rodriguez, S. D., Drake, L. L., Rice, D. P. et. al. (2015, October 2). The Efficacy of
Some Commercially Available Insect Repellents for Aedes aegypti (Diptera:
Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)”. Journal of Insect
Science, 15, 140. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iev125
A Study about the Effective Use of Eco-friendly and Organic Mosquito Repellent 25
Rutledge, R. and Day, J.F. (2002, September). “Mosquito Repellents”. Vero Beach,
FL: University of Florida. Retrieved from
http://mosquito.ifas.ufl.edu/Mosquito_Repellents.htm
Schultz, G., Peterson, C. and Coats, J. (2006). “Natural Insect Repellents: Activity
against Mosquitoes and Cockroaches”. Washington, DC: American
Chemical Society. Retrieved from
https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/ja_schultz001.pdf
Scientific American. (nd). “Is it true that the DEET used in most mosquito
repellents is toxic?”. Retrieved from
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-it-true-that-the-deet/
Webb, C. (2015, May 01). “Are mosquito coils making us sick?”. Retrieved from
https://cameronwebb.wordpress.com/2015/05/01/are-mosquito-coils -
making-us-sick/
A Study about the Effective Use of Eco-friendly and Organic Mosquito Repellent 26
APPENDICES