#NFRDITeach #NASTPHL

Research Problem,
Introduction, Review of
Literature, References and
Appendices

Source: Maribel Dionisio-Sese

 What’s in a name ???

Mudjekeewis = god of
winds
Dalisay = pure
Santos = saint
Ph.D. = Puro hangin Dala
My affiliations
I am the Editor-in-Chief

www.nfrdi.da.gov.ph/tpjf
 I also teach and advise M.S. and Ph.D. students

UST GS, Population Genetics Class in PH Genome Center UPD May 2, 2019
I publish ...
Patalastas ...
Talking points …

• Research Problem
• Introduction
• Review of Literature
• Methodology
• Results & Discussion
• References
• Appendices or Supplement
Talking points …

• Research Problem
• Introduction
• Review of Literature
• Methodology
• Results & Discussion
• References
• Appendices or Supplement
Research
Problem
Asking the right research problem …
… is Key
fr.123rf.com
 •What do I want to do?
•Why do I want to do it?
•Why is it important?
•How recent is the similar work?

en.hdyo.org
•Who has done similar work?
•How about funding?
Research Problem
Pointers …
• Read related literature
• Consult an expert
• Check funding agency priorities
Research Problem = Research Question
(statement) (inquiry)
= Hypothesis
(provisional idea)
= Gap
(unknown)
= Objective
(aim)
Problem : Climate change is real

Question: : Is climate change real?

Hypothesis: : Climate change is not real.

(Accept or reject based on evidence)
Gap: : Climate change has not been
investigated if it is real

Objective: : To investigate whether climate

change is real
Introduction
 Introduction
Background of the general topic

Background of the specific topic

Problem/Question/Gap/Objective

Significance and Limitations (optional)

Summary of Result(s)
Pointers: Significance
• Influence practice or policy
• Methodology is unusual
• Certain variables not given attention previously
• Contribute to the body of knowledge
• Extension of theoretical model
 3Cs
Complete, Concise and Clear
Example Paper 1
 Tawilis ??? Bluefin tuna ???

What kind of tuna ??? Gindara steak ???

 =
Marker B

globaltimes.cn

Marker A
General/
Specific
background
Research
Problem
Significance
Summary
Final Answer …

Not tawilis !!! Not Bluefin tuna !!!

Yellowfin tuna !!! Gindara fish !!!

Example Paper 2
?
• General background- fish diversity in PH

• Research problem – unknown fish

• Specific background - known information on
Genus Chelidoperca

• Summary
Chelidoperca santosi “Pogi perchlet"

simonandersonfitness.co.uk
Example Paper 3
Background

Research
Problem
(Objective)
She said YES  !!!
Review of
Related
Literature
(RRL)
“RRL is usually written in Thesis; it’s format is
similar to Introduction except that it is lengthy
and comprehensive”

“Introduction is usually written in a research

paper; an abridged version of RRL”
Review of Related Literature
Background of the general topic

Background of the specific topic

Problem/Question/Gap/Objective

Significance and Limitations (optional)

Summary of Result(s)
References
or Literature
Cited
Bibliography
• All references used in writing the paper whether cited or not
• Mostly used in Books

Literature Cited
• Only references cited in the text of the paper
• Mostly used in Scientific Papers published in Journals
Example 1: PLOS ONE (INTERNATIONAL)
Example 2: THE PH JOURNAL OF FISHERIES (LOCAL)
Appendices or
Supplement
• All Tables, Figures and Videos that is part of the
paper but could NOT be included in the published
paper because of page limitation etc. are placed in
Appendices or Supplement
• Nowadays, usually Appendices are uploaded in
the Journal website as Supplemental Data that
is downloadable.
Example 1: PLOS ONE (INTERNATIONAL)
“KISS: Keep It Short and Simple”
- Anonymous
“Once writing starts, half of the work
is already done” - Lecturer on Scientific Writing,
(Letty Dizon, ICLARM, 1996)
 BEWARE!!!
Predatory
Journals
and
Conferences
bloody-disgusting.com
Follow me @

mudjiesantos@gmail.com

/Mudjekeewis Santos

@mudjiesantos

www.nfrdigfl.weebly.com