05 BM+CIV 2013-14 - Waterproofing System I

Waterproofing systems
BC-II
waterproofing
principles and details II
Building Material and Construction Iv

Chair of Building Construction Addis Ababa -Ethiopia
chair building construction P-1
content
I
When Waterproofing
Waterproofing strategies
keep water out the construction

design & construction
detail pattern and principles
water proofing systems and materials
II
from foundation to roof
detail development … from the scratch

P-2
Waterproofing
-
when waterproofing is necessary ?
In order for water to penetrate through a building envelope / assembly,

three conditions must all occur at the same time:
1. …
2. ….
3. …
If any one of these three conditions is not met,

water will not penetrate the building (envelope).
P-3
Waterproofing
is the combination of materials or systems that prevents water intrusion into
structural elements of a building or Interior spaces.
when waterproofing is necessary ?
In order for water to penetrate through a building envelope / assembly,

three conditions must all occur at the same time:
1. Opening
2. Water
3. Force
If any one of these three conditions is not met,

water will not penetrate the building (envelope).

P-4
waterproofing strategies

P-5
waterproofing strategies
In designing any construction detail three strategies has to be considered:
1. To neutralize all the forces that water can move through

openings
2. To keep water away from any openings.
3. To eliminate all the openings in the assembly. / waterproofing

systems and materials

P-6
Methods of waterproofing
According to methods of application waterproofing can be classified in to two :

P-7
Methods of waterproofing
According to methods of application waterproofing can be classified in to two :
1- Positive side waterproofing
2 -Negative side waterproofing

P-8
Methods of waterproofing...
positive side waterproofing
- The waterproofing is applied to

the same side of the wall or floor on
which the water source occurs
- Positive side waterproofing is

always preferable because the
structure itself is protected from
moisture penetration, as well as the
interior spaces.
- Cracks and voids such as form tie

holes should be patched or filled
before applying the damp proofing

P-9
Methods of waterproofing...
Negative side waterproofing
- The waterproofing is applied on

the opposite side of the structure
and from the water source

P-10
Comparison of Positive and Negative Waterproofing Systems
Positive systems
Negative systems
Advantages
- Water is prevented from entering substrate Advantages
surface - Accessible after installation
- Substrate is protected from corrosive in - Concrete substrate is allowed to moist
groundwater cure
Disadvantages - Eliminates need for subslabs and well
-Concrete may not cure properly pointing for chemicals foundation
- System inaccessible for repairs after waterproofing
installation
- Subslabs and well pointing necessary for Disadvantages
foundation waterproofing - Limited to application of cementitious
systems
*With all positive systems, concrete should cure - No protection of substrate or reinforcing
properly (up to 21 days) before application of steel from ground and chemicals
any waterproofing materials.

P-11
waterproofing systems and materials
There are five basic types of waterproofing systems:
1. -
2. -
3. -
4. -
5-

P-12
waterproofing systems and materials
There are three basic types of waterproofing systems:
1. Cementitious systems
2. Fluid-applied membranes
3. Sheet-membrane systems
4. Clay
5. Vapor barriers

P-13
Cementitious waterproofing systems
contain a base of Portland cement, with or without sand, and an
active waterproofing agent which are troweled on in two to four
courses.
The top course is a hard-finished plaster or a poured-in-place
concrete topping to protect the lower courses from damage.
There are four types of cementitious systems:

metallic, capillary system, chemical additive systems, and acrylic
modified systems.
-Effective in both positive and negative applications, as well as in

remedial applications. These systems are brushed or troweled to
concrete or masonry surfaces and become an integral part of a
substrate.
- In new construction, where costs and scheduling are critical,
these systems are particularly effective.
-They do not require a completely dry substrate, and concrete

does not need to be fully cured before application.

P-14
CEMENTITIOUS SYSTEM APPLICATION ….
1. substrates must be free of dirt
2. require concrete surfaces to be lightly sand-blasted, or bush-

hammered to a slight depth . This ensures adequate bonding to a
substrate.
3. All tie holes, honeycomb, and cracks must be filled by packing
them with an initial application of the cementations system.
4. Construction joints should be grooved and then packed with
cementations material before initial application.
This is a critical detail for cementitious systems, as they do not allow

for structural or thermal movement. This cove prevents water
infiltration at weak points in a structure where cracks typically
develop.
5. wetting of the concrete with water is necessary.

P-15
Properties of Cementitious Waterproofing Systems
Advantages
- Positive or negative applications

- Remedial applications
- No subslabs or well pointing required
Disadvantages
- No movement capability
- Job-site mixing required
- Not for high traffic areas

P-16
FLUID-APPLIED SYSTEMS
Fluid-applied waterproof materials are solvent-based

mixtures containing a base of urethanes, rubbers,
plastics, vinyl, polymeric asphalts, or combinations.
- Since they are fluid applied, controlling thickness is

critical during field application.
- Fluid systems are positive side waterproofing

applications and require a protection layer before
backfilling.
- Fluid-applied systems are frequently used because of

their ease of application, seamless curing, and
adaptability to difficult detailing, such as penetrations
and changes in plane.
- Fluid systems are not resistant to ultraviolet

weathering and cannot withstand foot traffic and,
therefore, are not applied at exposed areas.

P-17
FLUID SYSTEM APPLICATION
1. Substrate preparation is critical, concrete surfaces

should have a light broom finish for proper bonding.
2. Curing of concrete surfaces requires a minimum of 7
days, preferably 28 days.
3. All cold joints, cracks, and changes in plane should
be sealed with sealant followed by cover.
Properties of Fluid-Applied Systems
Advantages
-Excellent elastomeric properties
-Ease of application
-Seamless (joint less) application
Disadvantages
- thickness controlled in field
- Not applicable over damp or uncured surfaces
- Toxic chemical additives

P-18
SHEET MEMBRANE SYSTEMS
- Thermoplastics, vulcanized rubbers, and rubberized

asphalts used in waterproofing applications are also used
in single-ply roofing applications.
- Sheet membranes have thickness controlled by factory.
This ensures uniform application thickness throughout an
installation.
- Larger widths are limited to horizontal applications,
because they are too heavy and difficult to control for
vertical applications.
-Materials used in vertical applications should not be left

exposed for any length of time before backfilling. Weathering will
cause blistering and disbonding if backfill operations must begin
immediately after membrane application.

P-19
SHEET MEMBRANE SYSTEM APPLICATION
1. Concrete must be smoothly finished with no voids, honeycombs,

fins, or protrusions.
- Concrete curing compounds should not contain wax, oils, or
pigments.
- Concrete surfaces must be dried sufficiently to pass a
mat test before application.
2. Application of prime coat.
3. Protection systems has to be installed over membranes before

backfilling
Sheet system can be applied in two ways
a. Hot-applied sheet systems

Hot systems are extremely difficult to apply to vertical surfaces due to the weight of felts.
b. Cold-applied sheet systems

P-20
Sheet Waterproofing Material Properties
Advantages
- Manufacturer-controlled thickness
- Wide rolls for horizontal applications
- Good chemical resistance
Disadvantages
- Vertical applications difficult

- Seams or joints
- Detailing around protrusions difficult

P-21
Summary Properties of waterproofing systems
Property Cementitious Fluid applied Sheet goods
Elongation ……… None …………. Excellent ……………….Good

Chemical and weathering……. Good ………… Fair to good …….. . Good
resistance
Difficulty of installation ….. Moderate …….. Simple ………….. Difficult
Horizontal subslab …….. No …………… Yes …………. Yes
Required
Positive or negative …….. Both ………. Positive ……..….Positive
System
Repairs ……….Simple …………..Simple ………. Moderate to difficult
Protection required ……… *No ………….*Yes ………………*Yes

P-22
DETAILS
From foundation to roof

P-23
....... details of waterproofing
Basic waterproofing and envelope design incorporates three steps to ensure a

watertight and environmentally sound interior:
1 . Understanding water sources likely to be encountered.
2. Designing systems to prevent leakage from these sources.
3. Finalizing the design by properly detailing each individual envelope component

into adjacent components.

P-24
....... details of waterproofing
water : sources

P-25
details

P-26
foundation –principle

P-27
WINDOWS(OPENING) –principle

P-28
FLAT ROOF–principle
When the parapet height
…. A. below 35 cm
…… B. above 35 cm

P-29
PITCHED ROOF–principle

P-30
Inner water proofing

P-31

P-32
Thank you

P-33

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Waterproofing systems

Building Material and Construction Iv

keep water out the construction

water proofing systems and materials

detail development … from the scratch

Building Material and Construction Iv

In order for water to penetrate through a building envelope / assembly,

If any one of these three conditions is not met,

when waterproofing is necessary ?

In order for water to penetrate through a building envelope / assembly,

If any one of these three conditions is not met,

Building Material and Construction Iv

Building Material and Construction Iv

In designing any construction detail three strategies has to be considered:

1. To neutralize all the forces that water can move through

2. To keep water away from any openings.

3. To eliminate all the openings in the assembly. / waterproofing

Building Material and Construction Iv

According to methods of application waterproofing can be classified in to two :

Building Material and Construction Iv

According to methods of application waterproofing can be classified in to two :

1- Positive side waterproofing

2 -Negative side waterproofing

Building Material and Construction Iv

- The waterproofing is applied to

- Positive side waterproofing is

- Cracks and voids such as form tie

Building Material and Construction Iv

- The waterproofing is applied on

Building Material and Construction Iv

Comparison of Positive and Negative Waterproofing Systems

Building Material and Construction Iv

waterproofing systems and materials

There are five basic types of waterproofing systems:

Building Material and Construction Iv

waterproofing systems and materials

There are three basic types of waterproofing systems:

Building Material and Construction Iv

There are four types of cementitious systems:

-Effective in both positive and negative applications, as well as in

-They do not require a completely dry substrate, and concrete

Building Material and Construction Iv

CEMENTITIOUS SYSTEM APPLICATION ….

1. substrates must be free of dirt

2. require concrete surfaces to be lightly sand-blasted, or bush-

This is a critical detail for cementitious systems, as they do not allow

5. wetting of the concrete with water is necessary.

Building Material and Construction Iv

Properties of Cementitious Waterproofing Systems

- Positive or negative applications

Building Material and Construction Iv

Fluid-applied waterproof materials are solvent-based

- Since they are fluid applied, controlling thickness is

- Fluid systems are positive side waterproofing

- Fluid-applied systems are frequently used because of

- Fluid systems are not resistant to ultraviolet

Building Material and Construction Iv

FLUID SYSTEM APPLICATION

1. Substrate preparation is critical, concrete surfaces

Properties of Fluid-Applied Systems

Building Material and Construction Iv

SHEET MEMBRANE SYSTEMS