MoDULE-9

() lusal FOAm wuiug Paedicate dogic

MMCuA wOD ma

ii) MaNas was a Powp eaan

Romans
i ) AU Pomperan
was a Auls
Av) Ceao n to ceasan
etteh doyal
V)AU Rom ans u
O hated him
OHa o Semethe

avMainatt AuleAS
vii) Peopu vuly Ky t

tuy agu not Loyal to

CeasanA.
taMqsiuate Ceaa.
Vili) ManCus -Jied
Baknm
Pedicade Foan aud lausal
Man (Mancu)
CF man (Mais S

) Pompetan (MaAus)
CF Powputan MaNuus)
Poplians(x) Romans (x)
)
tP:fomfuians(x) V Romansk)

Rulo
Rulln(Ceanan)
Ruln CCeas as)
CP
v a: Romans (X2)>aaltd CX2 , Ce asan) V
hatto OX2 , C)
C Romans CX2) V lyal to (X2) la{sany
aten CX 2 Caesaa)

vi)4+2 1 Joyal to(x341)

CFoyalto (X3,fCx3))
vi)&1a Aule[Y1) A
man (X)A
yasapivate[X41
y1)>Loyal h 4/4)
anasiunted
CF man (X4) VAulenlY)Vty
V 1 loqaltoCK 9)
CXu
vii) tyaMauiuate (ancu alIas)
CFy avaAinate CMaius lataas

hove a t Macup hate

(aesan uiug
RAoution
a n Cus M
hatea (MaAus laian) Caesah >
had CMe C)
hat es (M ,C) Ramans (x2) y Joy alto (X2,C)V
houke X2) C)
ManusxK2

Pompet ans (X1) Romans (m)V Joyalto (MC)

VRomans (X1)
 Maucun]X
Pompeans (M) Vloyalto
Pom eans (M)
(MC)

uoyalto(M()

G
1 man (X,)V vCY)V
tyaatasinate(X y 1)
Loyalto (Xu1 41))
Mauo/Xy

Ceoan[

man (m )V1 yuleh ) y

manM)
tYy amaMi uate CMC)

(4)
AulnCC) V y eranivate[M,C)

(
yaiaiuake (C) tyanasi nate (MC

tPkovPgov Huat Mantus hakea

Ceosak
ontupt eaking
nhalu a Pooltan valuud hunctiou hlom
trainiu Xamplu u dnput aud Output

CONCA leanniug 1ask

Onsidu nQ30mpu túok of leanniug
a
vb kanqd outupt Days in wich
o i t e wod u spoßt
PUNlon mjoys hs a

S
EXAmpSky Airtenp tiumidity|wiud Wd Fove
CAAt
Eu
Ewoy
Suny waM NORmal Stoug Wam Sowna
Spou a n SameYe
Sanny alm High
No
Painy tol d Hrgh Mroug Waxw Cama|

4 Stunny o Mi reug o Yes

|Change Ye

Th task m to leann ko pdi od t u

Vaku o Enjoy Spokt On au aubitaay day
om veuluus O otuM aKtNb utes.
baoed
ontraint
Le eauh hypothem be aveutov o iK
es
Valu ok SX atbibut
Speutyi m
hypofuxts u i l
eathM be,
arnbute, m
FOa lauh
OA no vau
Cy vau P
aCeaptasa
a 8nglu valuu
Sovmstana
oypofhAds h» hClasi aG a

poive Qxampu
(hCa)=)
mal ERtON E«joys duishaveuete
Th hypothuMi
ojth hig humdt y
SPOAt uly on old dlay
is wtmted b
CCold high, , 2,)
a
ypotais uat ve Aay
Th mot 9uual
po-tiive exanpa n epilleutedl y
,2,,,!22
t u a no
Speuhic poxib u ypofhuo
moji
w a porinve ekampu n epiNudad by
day

Notati ou
mi ov owid contept
Th o
alled tua sd o inctamcn
w deid
deuoted by X
w ich
t be leaMnd
.tu tonupl o untioM
Loulled
talled d tantt funti ou or tonc+

Boolean vaedtunhiou detined oveX

CX>
Find S Fiuding a
Maximally Speuikic,
Hypothuis
Alqokithm
. lriaue h h t most peubtc hypotheir in tH
g Fos eah posihive tauniug instmaX
attnbute tonshrainta tn h
Fo eauh
t tonstra nt a, s Caishfed by
1hn do nothi ny
h by dm nlrt
w
Esereplaa a,
by 2
wntHalnt Juat i«
sah'sted
mov e qeuhal
3 Dutput hypotnssr's h
task
To ilustrate we assum Enjoy Spokts

O h: 4d. 6, 4,4,g,d
uunp
LOnsidn 19 taining Wa m
Wanm N0R mal, SwOUg
X, <Sunn g
Scue +

tuat hypofhusis u i too SpeLuic

t clea
Nout o onutcuinti as tpeuijitd by mur

and traun Kamp u

tm
8Covuid u Wanm, Samit
Seug ,
a Sunny nam, High,
,

tusta qutt alire

This thaimiug kopu fov
in plau o aM
Thiy timg ubsh tuhing"?
aktn ut valuu M hot CatisHed
 b Sunny waAm,7 ,Sug vovnm, Samy,

00uld 3d xanpu
Rarny told Hia houg Wonm lhangey
t do a ntgaive Axompu
Lynou a

hz KSuwmy wn m7,Shoug, 0anm,Sam

sunny, ganm,wioh , sh0u1, wol, dhmgt>+

u u t h a l i 2ed
Sunny WaAm,? , SYeu
W

amdidat Elmination
AkgoRithm
Load Data Set
Step1
utialize 6enenal typothuris ad Speuatc
e2
Hypothon
FoA exomp
peiive Xannpu
tepr: 1f cmpu
atnbte-valuL = hupothemrvaue

Do moti g

Ae witth C1
altnbute valw
Aeplacu
Step eKopl w Wegative
moye spewjot
MakR 9etaizt hypo
G-Tf,, 2 ,2,),17,),2.2,:1,
T?,2?,2,23,02,?,22,!,?J,
,2,2,?,113t'2,,2,27

Nul NuUj
S Nul, Null , Nul , Null

<Sunny, wanm, holmal, shoug i oAm Cam7+

Sunny','Waum, 'Nokmal', o ug', "oa

SI
Sams'

wnm, gh', s tnoug, w0nm, Can

nny'

Shong, wanm Samm

Sa [ Sunng,wanm, ,
cluaneu wanm,
' a i n j , told,ngn, Swon,
22jt? wum? 22 ?)
G3'wnny,2 7?
T??????
27 72?]r??2?? 7)
C1222 ? soum']]
S3 Sa
ool, amg +
<sunny wanm, huqu SNoug

G4 63 ,21
'waAm',,Sheug, ?
SL 'sunng',

So tu cutput S
4 -TTXung',),222]T2 wam, ?2? ?77
Tunny, waum,,Sreg,,2 7
oud
) Dikheanw betwean FindPRud
Coumdi dake Fimiwatiom

Camdidake elinuisatid
(6 lndutive Bias
algoRmna

tlimiuatou AlgoLifhm coil onvelgk

The Caudidate concet povided
towand hn, Ihu tanqt aud
aud
ralni ng leoumpn
it is 9ivn acusate toutaln
al hypothAis Space
plovi deel ik nutt
t u taqet concptH
Cudidate Elimiuautic
uduh ve Blas o be
tab t tagt whcept (ou
lgoti hm yunckiu of atnb utes
yupkuuuted by
taqt onceptS oukatuscol in
values, tun cud YCiniug lxanply
n y p o t h u i s 8pC
NLe A u t

anL udoMified auly uin Cae

Nuv instaunus CuwMLUA vuiau
aul mmbUu b t
s olamizicakiou.
fpau g e On to clamiy
DHhxcoise tyHen Aef u
nuw int tomu
anum Cam e
nduutive Bias taget Thu
vph ded in s hypothwnis epaee
C) DikheAenel blw Supuvited , Uhcupenviued
&

Heint orcemnt ML

Supevised Vn&penvised Reivnbvteot

yulenia M
ML
M

Pehinwtion | eanns ug Traintd A oosK on

wntalrelled i tnauhna
darled
data witheut wifh tm
daka Omg quidama hviYOnlnk

Lattlled Unlaleled No Pauduied

dati
dara

Exploitatan
Asgociatio
Tyee Regkeyoiou
eluatenayO 0 Explo katiou
dadiytati

k-means -Leanhtng.
Rlgosithns.uneas

fegheroio

eann a
Calulate
oukOme wdeying
Aim palttuns autiou

ReLdomeuda| Self DHviug

Appliain Risk
Evaluatio

ytem
Healthcai
nomaly
Duteukian
FAoputi o ind S
ypothesit
Sants 4om m 0H Ppeifit
0nkid ning 0uly pqtive
9ehtAaken by
exwpr
iud-Snogs negafive xamplus

most Spewhic hypothen's oithin

H
HndA
coAitnt witu w POnthve
that n
tainiug kompw

PAawbatht o_Find-S
t
ThL Is n0 way to dtumiw uh
data
tahtist t hsouhout m
hypothais in
Am
bt un milead
ntonistut rOwnng
ind-s algokithnm a it ignoies
turngati ve xanpn
dea loauktrauking tecbmaua"
dogs not pAOVI
D delumin hm
beat pofsib h chams
t
coul d be doni to mÞhove
wna
TLti ng hypothiais
1estiug Pat a
1haiia Data
cned fo ifp data k
Th oimatiou is
Cuy um
Trcin an algokrthm Uwchudee m
known au hauning yn dat, not n
odata Xpeted out ome.
Ontains both tn
atiized tp dlumins
expeded or & ip dala how l 40ud algojitvn
wOn ta ud as Loe a
a dalanet uak
Csimate modu
wed to aiu a oputlu
Machin4e eevnniug
modal Th t t set is a datare
that is uwed to arem
houU wll n modd
puovmt ohem
maku pALdOcH an

Knowledga Kefheauulatiou.
pons1bu y8 pheotuttug inhormatiou
ie Se»
heal wohld So t a t a
Cleout w
undastamd amd can uhiule l
CAM

Knoed q cd sowe m tomp tk Aeal wotld

A diag noIS a mdica
PRoblem &um
wwmnCatlh wiBh humans
O ifioM Or
um natwal Jmeu
AppAoaces (s Knoled.oa ephese
Dikjtd
appAoacheu to krooledaa
Th a houe
rLphiAttatiDAn
)Slmpl relaki on kow led

twALs tw Aelatiou mthod, aud ea fat oultu

O St o n obj et is set od
iyrlanahtalby
w oumns
htalhoe amd Relakimthwp
Repaestmtatign dm
pewLen dhietut utjtiO»

lwhuitak1 knowledat
must be
th imhtsitabl appRoach, all data
n
Stod mto a winachy oj lard
u-

W e apy inhwtama phoputyH

uin a ghnaired
dots should be ayaned
AU
hiRAahcal mannta
on o a
othtn mlmbur
u h n i t vamts om
Elemet

a doa tntanu & clas

a
blu
ylacionshup blw tn tamu &clas
8ows
ii) Inhuutial Knowledae

Kinowlede
m hokm o) ovmal dogic
CAn be uoed to dliva more
This appRoch
ats
GLa eunteed torfetnun
iv) PaogeduRal knowledge f
phoonaml codu oech duWibe-
luts 8mall
do peufc uing&how to pioceed
how o
uwpS IF-Then
kyAeA tut heuRt shic 0A domaun
CCLn&aniy
dtris appAach
Speihic knowledqa hg
that we can vepnesut
But it is nol necenalf
i s upphoa
eld Cap)

A Qd kncdedor 1pAyentah n Sateun

iRepAAAntai onal ACculac

should have tt apiuty to AepleAeuuf
O eayuirtel hoo leda
oll kind
&A Cual Adeajuacy
t8houdd hawe abiuty to maumpulade
ephLseutati onal Structms to pAgclauls
hw Kowled qe
heutrial djiuemy
diveet iveRntal knowled ge
aoiuty bh dsuth@n
metani3m mtD moi1 pAoluchve

by Stoi appiopAiate q d t

i) Acajuutiauai eul eny

alo uhy tô aLajul&L nw knoledg eany
un iuy auto matit thoodA