Science 7

Quarter 3

Self-Learning Module 1
Describing Motion: Distance and
Displacement
 EXPECTATIONS
Your first task for Quarter 3 is to describe the motion of an object in terms of
distance or displacement, speed or velocity, and acceleration.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. describe motion as a change in position;
2. define distance and displacement;
3. measure the total distance and displacement covered by a body; and
4. value the importance of reference point and perspective in describing objects in
motion.

Motion is described as a continuous change in position of a body relative to a

reference point, as measured by a particular observer in a particular frame of reference.
How will you describe your current position? Are you sitting right now as you read
this module? Are you sitting on a chair in your room beside your bed? Or are you sitting
in the living room in front of the television? Position and motion can be best described by
using a reference point.
Look around you. What things are moving? How can you tell that such things are moving?
One way of knowing whether an object is moving or not, is by comparing it with
another object that stays in place or not moving. This will be your reference point. An
object is said to be moving when it is traveling towards or away from a reference.

Analyze Figure 4. Which object do

you think is in motion? Is it the basketball
ring or the ball? Which will serve as the
reference point?

In this image, we can infer that that

ball is in motion with respect to the
basketball ring. The ball is falling while the
basketball ring stays still.

Source: https://www.pikist.com/search?q=basketball+game&page=5 Figure 4: Basketball Ring and Ball

Distance and Displacement

An object which moves, changes its position and travels a certain distance or has
been displaced from its original position as the reference. Distance and Displacement are
both used to describe if an object has moved.
Distance is the total length of path traveled by an object. It is a scalar quantity. It
only has magnitude or size. Other examples of scalar quantities are time, mass, and
temperature. Displacement is the straight-line distance between the initial and final
position. It is the change in position of an object or how far the object is from its starting
position. Displacement is a vector quantity. It has both magnitude and direction.
Acceleration, force and momentum are examples of vector quantities.
 Distance and displacement are two
quantities that are usually interchanged. They
both seem to mean the same thing but they
are actually very different from each other.

Let us study Figure 5. Chris and April

are looking for their pet dog, Bantay. Distance
is represented in the illustration by the two
yellow solid arrows. They have to walk 3 m due
East and 4 m due North to reach their pet dog.
The total distance that they will cover is 7 m
(3 m + 4 m = 7 m).
In terms of their displacement, the total
length between the starting and final points
measure 5 m, Northeast. Displacement is
represented by the red broken arrow in the
figure. Remember that it has always a direction.
Figure 5: Distance and Displacement

Activity 1: “Distance and Displacement”

Learning Competencies:
The learners should be able to describe motion as a change in position and define distance
and displacement. S7FE – IIIa – 1.1 & S7FE – IIIa – 1.2
Objective: Define and differentiate distance and displacement.
Procedure: Analyze the figure and situation below. Answer the questions that follow.

Point A Point B Point C

Lito and Lita are bound to go to school. From their initial location (Point A), the
supermarket (Point B) is 250 m away. From the supermarket, they have to walk 250 m
more to reach their school (Point C).
Guide Questions:
1. Lito and Lita walked from their initial location (Point A) at the same pace and reached the
supermarket (Point B) at the same time. What is the distance that they have covered? What
is their displacement? (Point A to Point B)
___________________________________________________________________________
2. If Lito and Lita continued walking and reached school (Point C) at the same time, what is
the total distance that they have covered starting from their initial location (Point A)? How
about their displacement? (Point A to Point C)
___________________________________________________________________________
3. When they reached school (Point C), Lito realized that he forgot his lunchbox. He hurriedly
returned to their initial location (Point A) to get it. What is the total distance that he covered
from the original starting point (Point A) when he returned to the same location (Point A)
 to get his lunchbox back? Is the total distance that he has covered the same with his
displacement? (Point A to Point C and back to Point A)
___________________________________________________________________________
Closure: Based from the activity, how will you define Distance and Displacement?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

WRAP-UP

Identify the words that are being described by each sentence. The number of boxes
indicate the number of letters of the correct answer.

1. The continuous change in position with respect to a reference point.

2. The total length of path traveled by an object.

3. The straight-line distance between the initial and final position.

4. A quantity that has magnitude or size.

5. A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

LESSON

Are you familiar with the different important places in your community such as
church, market, hospitals, schools, and your friend’s house? Do you have any idea how
to get to these places? How far are these places to your house?
 https://www.google.com/search?q=community+map+clipart&tbm

https://www.google.com/search?q=community+map+clipart&tbm=isch&chips

The pictures show different locations of an object at specific time. This is the object’s initial
position. As we study the motion of objects, we must first be able to describe the object’s position. More
precisely, we need to specify the position of an object relative to a certain reference frame.
To describe the motion of an object we can consider the distance and displacement travelled.
Can you tell the distance and displacement in the picture? How can you determine the total distance
and total displacement?
Distance is the length of a path between two points while displacement is the shortest
distance between two points. Displacement is considered a vector quantity and we can describe
it as the variation of the position of a body. The displacement focuses on the length of the path
of an object that exists considering an initial point and another endpoint. It can be said that the
result is a straight line between these two points. The image below shows a curve line
representing distances and straight line from point A to B for displacement.
 https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-distance-and-displacement.html

To further compare distance and displacement refer to the table below:

Distance
Total or complete path travelled by an
object, represented by a symbol d
It is a scalar quantity.
It is always positive, cannot be
negative and zero.
It can never be less than the
displacement value.
It does not decrease with time.
Gives complete information of the
route followed by the body
Displacement
The shortest path from starting
position to the final position
represented by a symbol d with an
arrow above (arrow indicates
direction)
It is a vector quantity.
It can be positive, negative or zero
depending on the initial and final
position of the object.
It can either be equal to or less than
the distance value.
It decreases with time.
Does not give complete information of
the route followed by the body

Let us have an example:

Analyze the figure below and answer the given questions:

The boy in the figure walks from point A to B (d1) then to C (d2) to D (d3) and back
to A (d4). Find the total distance and displacement.

A. To solve for total distance (dt) , you will just add the individual distances,
Solution: dt = d1 + d2 + d3 + d4 = 3m + 5m + 3m + 5m dt = 16
m
B. To solve for the total displacement (dt) consider the direction from the initial position point
A to final position point A.

Solution: dt = d1 +d2+ d3+ d4

= 3m,North, + 5m, East + 3m, South + 5m ,West
=0
 POSTTEST

To summarize important concepts about distance and displacement, complete the table
below:

Similarities Differences
Science 7

Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module
Position - Time Graph for
Constant Speed
 EXPECTATIONS

At the end of this module, the learners are expected to:

1. describe motion using position-time graph; and

2. determine the x and y axes of a motion graph and plot points that show motion of an object
moving in a constant speed.

LESSON

In the previous modules, you have learned about the description and mathematical way
of describing speed and velocity. In this module, we will learn about the use of graphs to
describe motion. This involves a study of the relationship between the shape of a position-
time graph and the motion of the object.
A position-time graph shows how far something travels over a period of time. It is the
representation of speed or velocity when we indicate the direction of the moving body.

Position-Time Graph
To begin, consider a man walking with a speed of 1m/s:

Does the man change his speed while walking? The answer is no. He is constantly
moving with the same speed towards East.

Let’s put the data into a table:

In making a graph remember
that the Independent variable Table
Position Time is always in the X-axis and 1:
0m 0s the Dependent variable is in Data
1m 1s the Y-axis. of a
man
2m 2s
3m 3s
4m 4s
walking The title of the graph is Position-Time
Graph. The position data will be at the Yaxis while the time data is at the X-axis. Analyze
Graph1.

Graph 1: Position-Time Graph

 The position-time graph shows a straight diagonal line which means that the motion of
the man is constant, rightward (+) speed equivalent to +1m/s.

Let’s graph a car moving to the right, considering its direction in the diagram below;

The car starts at 160 km going towards the 0 km position. Let’s put the data in a table
and plot it in a position-time graph.

Table 2: Data of a moving car Graph 2: Position-Time graph of the car

Position Time

160 km 0h

120 km 1h

80 km 2h

40 km 3h

0 km 4h

The graph shows a straight diagonal line which means that that car has a constant speed
but in a negative direction which means that the car is moving towards the starting point
(0km).
 Importance of Slope
The principle is that the slope of the line on a
position-time graph reveals useful information
about the velocity of the object.
• If the velocity is constant, the slope is
constant (i.e., a straight line).
• If the velocity is changing, the slope is
changing (i.e., a curved line).
• If the velocity is positive, the slope is
positive (i.e., moving upwards and to the
right).
Figure 1: Slope

Slow and Fast Constant Speed Motion

The principle of slope can be used to describe motion from a position-time graph.

Graph B has a larger slope than A

which means that graph B shows a
faster constant speed than graph A.

A B

Stationary Motion
When an object is stationary (not moving), the line on the graph is horizontal. Consider a
man standing at 10-kilometer position for five (5) seconds. Let us put the data into a table.
Table 3: Data of a man standing at 10km Graph 3: Position-Time graph of the man

Position Time
10 km 1s
10 km 2s
10 km 3s
10 km 4s
10 km 5s

ACTIVITY

Activity 1: It’s Time to Plot the Graph

Objectives: Determine the X and Y axes of a motion graph and plot points that
show motion of an object moving in a constant speed.
Directions: Analyze the diagram of a man riding a bicycle. Complete the data on the table.
Plot the data in a graph with complete labels for x and y axes.

Table 4: Data of a man riding a bicycle

Position Time

Graph 4: Position-Time graph of the man riding a bicycle

Science 7

Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module
Position - Time Graph for
Changing Speed
 EXPECTATIONS

At the end of this module, the learners are expected to:

1. describe a motion with a changing speed using position-time graph;
2. plot points that show motion of an object moving with a changing speed; and 3. cite the
importance of using seatbelt while riding a moving vehicle.

LESSON

In the previous module, you learned how to graph constant speed using position-time
graph. You also interpret graphs based on their slopes and lines.

Constant Speed Constant speed Speed is zero

Slope is negative Slope is Positive Slope is zero
(stationary or not
moving)

In this module, you will further learn more about position-time graph by focusing on
the changing speed.
Contrasting a Constant and Changing Velocity using Position-Time Graph Study
the table below which discusses two cars with different speeds.
Consider a blue car moving with a Consider an orange car moving with a
constant speed of 20 meters per changing speed.
second.

Step 1: Put the data in a table

Table 2: Data of Orange Car

Table 1: Data of Blue Car
Position Time
Position Time
0 0
0 0
meters second
meters second
2 1
10 1
meters second
meters second
8 2
20 2
meters seconds
meters seconds
18 3
30 3
meters seconds
meters seconds
32 4
40 4
meters seconds
meters seconds
Step 2: Plot the data in the position-time
graph.
Graph 2: Position-Time Graph of orange Car
Graph 1: Position-Time Graph of Blue Car

As you can see, when the speed changes, the position-time graph also changes. In graph
2, it shows that the orange car speeds up while the graph 1 shows a constant speed.
The graph of an object moving with a changing speed has a curved line in position-time
graph.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 2:
Directions: Analyze the graph to answer the questions.

1. Which line shows a slowing down motion? (refer to its color) _____________________
2. Which line shows a slowing down motion? (refer to its color) _____________________
3. What color shows a stationary motion? _________________________________________
4. Which line manifests a constant fast speed? ____________________________________
5. Which line shows a changing speed that’s getting faster? ______________________

Activity 3: It’s Time to Plot the Graph

Objective: Plot points that show motion of an object moving in an changing speed
Directions: Analyze the diagram of a man running. Complete the data on the table. Plot
the data in a graph with complete labels for x and y axes.
 Table 3: Data of a Man Riding a Bicycle
Position Time

Graph 3: Position-Time Graph of the Running Man

Describe the motion of the man: ____________________________________________________

Activity 4: Safe Trip

Objective: Cite the importance of using seatbelt while riding a moving vehicle.
Directions: Imagine yourself riding a vehicle (car, tricycle or jeepney). What is happening
to your body whenever the vehicle is speeding up or slowing down? Write your
experience inside the box and give
Science 7
Quarter3
Self- Learning Module
Waves
 EXPECTATIONS

May it be ripples in water or the sound that reaches your ear to the lights that enable
you to see, waves are all around us. In this module, we will try to understand what waves
are and their parts along with their characteristics and properties.

At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:

1. classify waves;
2. enumerate parts of a wave; and
3. showcase how energy can pass through matter and cause a disturbance.

PRETEST

Instructions: Read each item carefully. Then, choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. What do you call a disturbance that carries energy through a medium?

A. force C. particle
B. motion D. wave

2. What type of wave needs a medium to travel?

A. electromagnetic C. mechanical
B. longitudinal D. transverse

3. Hw does transverse wave propagate?

A. Up and down C. Right and down
B. Left and down D. Parallel to the motion

4. Playing the guitar can produce what kind of wave?

A. Transverse wave C. Electromagnetic wave
B. Mechanical wave D. None of the above

5. What would happen to matter as a mechanical wave passes through it? A. It would
heat up.
A. Its particles would start to move.
B. It will start passing the energy to nearby particles.
C. all of the above
 RECAP
Instructions: Read each item carefully. Then, choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. What is acceleration?
A. the rate of change in time
B. the rate of change in motion
C. the rate of change in distance
D. the rate of change in displacement

2. Which of the following is the most common graph to represent acceleration?

A. distance vs time C. velocity vs time
B. velocity vs distance D. acceleration vs time

3. What is the acceleration of a race car reaching 6m/s in 3s starting from 0?

A. 1m/s2 C. 3m/s2
B. 2m/s2 D. 6m/s2

4. 2 athletes raced to the finish line. Athlete B finished before athlete A. Which of the
following is NOT true?
A. Athlete A is faster.
B. Athlete A has shorter time.
C. Athlete B has lower velocity.
D. Athlete B has greater acceleration.

5. Which of the graphs has the highest

acceleration?
A. Red
B. Blue
C. Green
D. All have the same acceleration
Time (s)

LESSON
Waves are everywhere. From the sound you hear to the light that keeps you warm
and enables you to see, these are all waves.

There are two types of waves, electromagnetic wave, and mechanical wave.
Mechanical waves are waves that need a medium to propagate. Like the waves on a rope,
ripples or waves on water, earthquake on land, and sound in air. All these waves use some
form of material to transfer mechanical energy. Mechanical energy can also be referred to
as movement. Mechanical waves transfer mechanical energy by transferring motion
through contact.

Electromagnetic waves are waves that need no medium to propagate.

Electromagnetic waves are oscillating electric and magnetic field that can travel through
vacuum. The most common electromagnetic wave we experience is sunlight. Light coming
from the sun travels through space that is void of any matter. Other electromagnetic waves
are radio wave, microwave, infrared, ultraviolet, xll-ray, and gamma ray.

Waves propagate in 2 ways, longitudinal and transverse. Transverse waves move

perpendicular to the direction. Particles move up and down as they move forward.
Longitudinal waves travel parallel to the wave’s direction. The particles move forward and
back as the wave moves forward. Just imagine people with interlocking arms. If you push
one, that person hits the one next to him and will create a chain reaction carrying the
energy of your push throughout the line.

Figure1: Propagation of Wave

As waves oscillate, they create certain patterns of motion. For transverse waves, the
highest point of a wave is the crest and the lowest point trough. The space between waves
is called wavelength. The displacement from the normal line (center line/resting position)
to the crest is called amplitude. Amplitude is also called the height of a wave. For
longitudinal waves we have compression and rarefaction. Compression is the area of high
density of particles, while rarefaction is the area with less particles. Frequency is not a part
of wave but it is the number of instances that a wave has occurred within one second.

Figure 2: Parts of a Transverse Wave

 Figure 3: Parts of a Longitudinal Wave

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: Mechanical or Electromagnetic
Objective: Classify waves.
Materials: Pen and paper
Direction: Classify whether the wave is mechanical or electromagnetic.

____________ 1. Water wave

____________ 2. Radio wave
____________ 3. Earthquake
____________ 4. Infrared
____________ 5. Ultraviolet ray
____________ 6. Earthquake
____________ 7. Gamma ray
____________ 8. Sound
____________ 9. Microwave
____________ 10. Light
II. Identification
1. _____________ highest point of a wave.
2. _____________ lowest point of a wave.
3. _____________ length of one wave.
4. _____________ height of a wave.
5. _____________ area with high density of particles.
6. _____________ area with low density of particle.
7. _____________ number of waves that occurred in one second.

III. Draw and identify the different parts of transverse and longitudinal wave.
 VALIDATION TEST QUARTER 3 CYCLE 1

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What do you call the object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion or
has changed its position?
A. Boiling point. B. Melting point. C. Reference point. D. Referral point.
2. Displacement is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction. Which of
the following quantities is NOT a vector?
A. 3 N, Down. B. 4 m/s, West C. 5 kg m/s, left D. 6 m
For Nos. 3-4 analyze the figure below:

3m

Point A Point B
3. From its original position (Point A), the ball was pushed and rolled to its new location (Point
B). Which of the following statements about its distance and displacement in terms of its
size is TRUE?
A. The distance covered by the ball and its displacement are equal.
B. The distance covered by the ball is longer than its displacement.
C. The displacement of the ball is shorter than its covered distance.
D. There is no displacement nor distance covered by the ball.
4. If the ball was kicked and returned to its original position, what is the value of its
displacement? (Point A back to Point A)
A. 0 B. 3 m C. 6 m D. 9 m
5. Staying at home is the best way to distance oneself to others and to lessen the risk of
exposure to COVID-19, but it is inevitable to go outside especially in buying one’s essential
needs. Which of the following is NOT a good practice when going outside the house during
this pandemic period?
A. washing and sanitizing hands frequently
B. practicing and observing social distancing
C. wearing face mask and face shield properly
D. attending birthday parties and other social gatherings
6. The following measurements are examples of displacement EXCEPT
A. 40 m , upward C. 62 km West
B. 50 m/s , North East D. 75 cm, to the right
7. Distance is a scalar quantity. Which of the following best describe a scalar quantity?
A. Scalar quantity has no magnitude and no direction.
B. Scalar quantity has both magnitude and direction.
C. Scalar quantity has a magnitude only.
D. Scalar quantity has a direction only.

8.The total length of the path travelled travelled by a moving object and is specified by a
magnitude only is
A. Displacement
 B. Distance
C. Velocity
D. Speed
9. Which of the following statements is TRUE about distance and displacement?
A. The total distance travelled can be less than the total displacement travelled.
B. The units of distance and displacement are different.
C. Both require a reference point to be measured from.
D. Distance can be negative or zero.
10. As a student in distant learning platform, the following are best practices to keep track
on your progress and be able to successfully accomplish your goal in life EXCEPT:
A. Keep yourself updated with the different applications on the different social media
sites.
B. Ask your teacher for concepts clarification if you don’t understand the lesson.
C. Make a self -monitoring about your outputs submitted to your teacher.
D. Establish a good study habit.
11. Joan drives her bike 7 kilometers north. She stops for lunch and then drives 5 kilometers
east. What distance did she cover?
A. 2 km.
B. 11 km.
C. 12 km.
D. 35 km.
12. What was her displacement?
A. 2 km. NE
B. 11 km.NE
C. 12 km. NE
D. 35 km. NE
13. Tito walks to the pizza place for lunch. He walks 1 km east, then 1 km south and then 1
km east again. What distance did he cover?
A. 0
B. 1 km.
C. 2 km.
D. 3 km.
14. What was his displacement?
A. 0
B. 1 km. SE
C. 2 km. SE
D. 3 km. SE
15. On his fishing trip Jona rides in a boat 12 km south. The fish aren’t biting so they go 4
km west. They then follow a school of fish 1 km north. What distance did they cover?
A. 15 km
B. 16 km
C. 17 km.
D. 18 km.
16. What was their displacement?
A. 15 km SW
B. 16 km SW
C. 17 km. SW
D. 18 km. SW
17. Denielle goes cruising on his dirt bike. She rides 700 m north, 300 m east, 400 m north,
600 m west, 1200 m south 300 m east and finally 100 m north. What distance did she cover?
A. 600 m
B. 3000 m
 C. 3600 m
D. 0 m
18. What was his displacement? (use 1cm = 100m)
A. 100 m W, 300 m S
B. 200 m W, 600 m S
C. 300 m W, 900 m S
D. 400 m W, 1200 m S
19. Jose buys a new moped. He travels 3 km south and then 4 km east. How far does he
need to go to get back to where he started?
A. 1 km
B. 7 km
C. 12 km
D. 0

21. What do you call a disturbance that carries energy through a medium?
a. force C. particle
b. motion D. wave

22. What type of wave needs a medium to travel?

a. electromagnetic C. mechanical
b. longitudinal D. transverse

23. How does transverse wave propagate?

a. Up and down C. Right and down
b. Left and down D. Parallel to the motion

24. Playing the guitar can produce what kind of wave?

a. Transverse wave C. Electromagnetic wave
b. Mechanical wave D. None of the above

25. What would happen to matter as a mechanical wave passes through it?
A. It would heat up.
B. Its particles would start to move.
C. It will start passing the energy to nearby particles.
D. all of the above

Identify if Longitudinal wave or Transverse wave. Write L for longitudinal and T for transverse
wave.
26. Radio wave
27. Earthquake
28. Infrared
29. Ultraviolet ray
30. Earthquake