A

Micro-Project Report
On
“Rainwater Harvesting”
Partial Fulfillment of the for the Diploma in Computer Engineering,

By
1) POTGHAN PRATIKSHA [1914660028]
2) DHAWALE RUTUJA [1914660022]
3) ROHAKALE KOMAL [1914660019]
4) SHIRKE PRANITA [1914660013]

Guided By
Prof. Padwal P. L.

Shree Samarth Academy’s

Shree Samarth Polytechnic
Mhasane Phata, Ahmednagar
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education
(2020-2021)
 Shree Samarth Academy’s
Shree Samarth Polytechnic
Department of Computer Engineering.

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled
“Rainwater Harvesting”

is
Submitted by

1) POTGHAN PRATIKSHA [1914660028]

2) DHAWALE RUTUJA [1914660022]
3) ROHAKALE KOMAL [1914660019]
4) SHIRKE PRANITA [1914660013]

In the partial fulfillment of Diploma in Computer Engineering has been

Satisfactory carried out under my guidance as per the requirement of Maharashtra
State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai during the academic year 2020-2021.
Place:-Mhasane phata
Date:-

GUIDE HOD PRINCIPAL

(Prof.Padwal P.L.) (Prof.Chaure S.M.) (Prof.Anarse B.V.)
 Micro-project Proposal
Rainwater Harvesting
1.0 Brief Introduction:
Rainwater harvesting is a technology used for collecting and storing rainwater from
rooftops, the land surface or rock catchments using simple techniques such as jars and pots as well
as more complex techniques such as underground check dams. The techniques usually found in
Asia and Africa arise from practices employed by ancient civilizations within these regions and
still serve as a major source of drinking water supply in rural areas. Commonly used systems are
constructed of three principal components; namely, the catchment area, the collection device, and
the conveyance system.

Rainwater is collected from a roof-like surface and redirected to a tank, cistern, deep pit
(well, shaft, or borehole), aquifer, or a reservoir with percolation. Dew and fog can also be
collected with nets or other tools. Rainwater harvesting differs from stormwater harvesting as the
runoff is collected from roofs, rather than creeks, drains, roads, or any other land surfaces. Its uses
include watering gardens, livestock, irrigation, domestic use with proper treatment, and domestic
heating. The harvested water can also be committed to longer-term storage or groundwater
recharge.

2.0 Aim of the Micro- project:

1) Increase crop production and reduces the use of ground water thus increasing its levels.

2) To understand the concept Rain water Harvesting.

3) Is way of capturing and storing water.

3.0 Action Plan:

Planned Name of
Planned
Sr.No. Details of activity Finish Responsible
start date
date Team Member

1. Rohakale
Topic Search
Komal
2. Project Proposal Creation
Dhawale Rutuja

3. Detailed Information Gathering All group

for Project member

4. Developing UML diagrams

Shirke Pranita

5. Execution and testing of project All Group

Member

6. Correction in diagrams and All Group

Execution Member

7. Potghan
Project Report Creation
Pratiksha

8. All Group
Final Presentation
Member

4.0 Resources Required:

Sr.no. Name of Specification Qty. Remarks

resources/Material
1 Google Search Engine 1 -

2 Microsoft Word Application 1 -

3 Operating System Windows 2007 1 -

 Micro-project Report

Rainwater Harvesting
1.0 Brief Description:

Rainwater Harvesting:

Rainwater harvesting is defined by Wikipedia as “the accumulation and deposition

of rainwater for reuse on-site, rather than allowing it to run off.” While this definition is basic,
the practice of rainwater harvesting is greatly varied from where the rainwater is collected from
to how the rainwater is ultimately used. A more appropriate definition of rainwater harvesting
might be the collection of rainwater from a surface that allows for the rainwater to be stored
and used at a later time. In a typical rainwater harvesting situation, rainwater is collected from
an impervious surface such as the roof of a building and then stored inside of a tank or cistern.
Rainwater can be collected from other surfaces as well. Other surfaces include parking lots,
roadways, driveways, and even land surfaces (once surface runoff from the land surface
begins). Rainwater can be harvested and stored for many uses including landscape irrigation,
potable and nonpotable indoor use, and stormwater management. Harvested rainwater can be
particularly useful when no other source of water supply is available, or if the available supply
 is inadequate or of poor quality. Rainwater harvesting has benefits for both urban (where
municipal water is available) and rural properties (where a water well is employed). The
practice of rainwater harvesting ranges from simple ideas such as a rain barrel set up
underneath a gutter downspout to complex systems such as for commercial buildings or
systems that supply the potable water for a house.

Applications of rainwater harvesting:

Agriculture

Rainwater Harvesting and Plastic:

In regards to Urban agriculture, rainwater harvesting in urban areas reduces the impact

of runoff and flooding. The combination of urban ‘green’ rooftops with rainwater catchments have
been found to reduce building temperatures by more than 1.3 degrees Celsius. [59] Rainwater
harvesting in conjunction with urban agriculture would be a viable way to help meet the United
Nations Sustainable Development Goals for cleaner and sustainable cities, health and wellbeing,
and food and water security. The technology is available, however, it needs to be remodeled in
order to use water more efficiently, especially in an urban setting.
 Kenya has already been successfully harvesting rainwater for toilets, laundry, and
irrigation and areas in Australia use harvested rainwater for cooking and drinking.[59] Studies done
by Stout et al researching the feasibility in India found RWH was most beneficial used for small-
scale irrigation, which provides income with the sales of produce, and overflow used for
groundwater recharge.

Missions to five Caribbean countries have shown that the capture and storage of
rainwater runoff for later use is able to significantly reduce the risk of losing some or all of the
year's harvest because of soil or water scarcity. In addition, the risks associated with flooding and
soil erosion during high rainfall seasons would decrease. Small farmers, especially those farming
on hillsides, could benefit the most from rainwater harvesting because they are able to capture
runoff and decrease the effects of soil erosion.

Many countries, especially those with arid environments, use rainwater harvesting as a
cheap and reliable source of clean water.[61] To enhance irrigation in arid environments, ridges of
soil are constructed to trap and prevent rainwater from running down hills and slopes. Even in
periods of low rainfall, enough water is collected for crops to grow.[62] Water can be collected from
roofs, dams and ponds can be constructed to hold large quantities of rainwater so that even on days
when little to no rainfall occurs, enough is available to irrigate crops.

Domestic use:
Industry

Rainwater harvesting systems in Kiribati

Frankfurt Airport has the biggest rainwater harvesting system in Germany. The system

helps save approximately 1 million cubic meters of water per year. The cost of the system was 1.5
million dm (US$63,000) in 1993. This system collects water from the roofs of the new terminal
which has an area of 26,800 square meters. The water is collected in the basement of the airport in
six tanks with a storage capacity of 100 cubic meters. The water is mainly used for toilet flushing,
watering plants and cleaning the air conditioning system.

Rainwater harvesting was adopted at The Velodrome – The London Olympic Park – in order to
increase the sustainability of the facility. A 73% decrease in potable water demand by the park was
estimated. Despite this, it was deemed that rainwater harvesting was a less efficient use of financial
resources to increase sustainability than the park's blackwater recycling program.

What is Rainwater harvesting?

Rainwater harvesting is the simple process or technology used to conserve Rainwater

by collecting, storing, conveying and purifying of Rainwater that runs off from rooftops, parks,
roads, open grounds, etc. for later use
How to Harvest the Rainwater?

Rainwater harvesting systems consists of the following components:

i. Catchment- Used to collect and store the captured Rainwater.

ii. Conveyance system – It is used to transport the harvested water from the catchment to
the recharge zone.
iii. Flush- It is used to flush out the first spell of rain.
iv. Filter – Used for filtering the collected Rainwater and remove pollutants.
v. Tanks and the recharge structures: Used to store the filtered water which is ready to
use.
The process of rainwater harvesting involves the collection and the storage of rainwater with
the help of artificially designed systems that run off naturally or man-made catchment areas
like- the rooftop, compounds, rock surface, hill slopes, artificially repaired impervious or semi-
pervious land surface.

Several factors play a vital role in the amount of water.

a. The quantum of runoff
b. Features of the catchments
c. Impact on the environment
d. Availability of the technology
e. The capacity of the storage tanks
f. Types of the roof, its slope and its materials
g. The frequency, quantity and the quality of the rainfall
h. The speed and ease with which the Rainwater penetrates through the subsoil to recharge
the groundwater.
Why do we Harvest Rainwater?

The rainwater harvesting system is one of the best methods practiced and followed to
support the conservation of water. Today, scarcity of good quality water has become a significant
cause of concern. However, Rainwater, which is pure and of good quality, can be used for
irrigation, washing, cleaning, bathing, cooking and also for other livestock requirements.

Advantages of Rainwater Harvesting

The benefits of rainwater harvesting system are listed below.

a. Less cost.
b. Helps in reducing the water bill.
c. Decreases the demand for water.
d. Reduces the need for imported water.
e. Promotes both water and energy conservation.
f. Improves the quality and quantity of groundwater.
g. Does not require a filtration system for landscape irrigation.
h. This technology is relatively simple, easy to install and operate.
 i. It reduces soil erosion, stormwater runoff, flooding, and pollution of surface water with
fertilizers, pesticides, metals and other sediments.
j. Conserves water.
k. A source of water for landscape irrigation.
l. It is a simple method and easy to practice
m. It reduces soil erosion and pollution of water bodies due to fertilizers and pesticides

Disadvantages of Rainwater Harvesting

In addition to the great advantages, the rainwater harvesting system has a few
disadvantages like unpredictable rainfall, unavailability of the proper storage system.

a. Regular Maintenance is required.

b. Requires some technical skills for installation.
c. Limited and no rainfall can limit the supply of Rainwater.
d. If not installed correctly, it may attract mosquitoes and other waterborne diseases.
e. One of the significant drawbacks of the rainwater harvesting system is storage
limits.

What do you understand by rainwater harvesting?

Rainwater harvesting is the process of accumulation and storage of rainwater for reuse
rather than allowing it to runoff.
What are the different methods of rainwater harvesting?

The different methods of rainwater harvesting include:

a. Rooftop rainwater harvesting.

b. Surface runoff harvesting.
c. First, flush.
d. Transportation.
e. Catchment.
f. Filter.

What is the importance of rainwater harvesting?

Rainwater harvesting is a sustainable process that helps in preserving water for future
needs. Water scarcity is a major concern in today’s scenario. The process of rainwater harvesting
is a good way to conserve water.

a. It is cost-effective
b. Conserves water
c. A source of water for landscape irrigation
d. It is a simple method and easy to practice
e. It reduces soil erosion and pollution of water bodies due to fertilizers and pesticides

What are the factors affecting the amount of rainwater harvested?

The factors affecting the amount of rainwater harvested are:

a. Catchment features
b. Quantum of runoff
c. The capacity of storage tanks
2.0 Aim of Micro project:

1. Increase crop production and reduces the use of ground water thus increasing its levels.

2. To understand the concept Rain water Harvesting.

3. Is way of capturing and storing water.

3.0 Course Outcomes Integrated:

a) Develop public awareness about environments.

b) Conserve Ecosystem and Biodiversity.

c) Apply technical to reduces Environmental Pollution.

d) Manage social issues and Environmental Ethic as Lifelong learning.

4.0 Actual Procedure Followed:

Rainwater Harvesting

How does rainwater harvesting work?

5.0 Actual Resources Used:

Sr.no. Name of Specification Qty. Remarks

resources/Material

1 Google Search Engine 1 -

2 Microsoft Word 2013 1 -

3 Windows 2007 Operating System 1 -

6.0 Output of Micro-Project:
7.0 Skill Developed/learning out of this Micro-Project:

In this project of Environmental Studies, we learn the about the rainwater harvesting.
Better knowledge of Rainwater Harvesting. Take a knowledge about rainwater harvesting. New
better technology concepts of rainwater harvesting. We learn about a keep co-ordination among
the group member. By this project our team work skill is developed. Our project creation skill is
developed.
 Teacher Evaluation Sheet
Name of Student:…………………………………………………………….

Enrollment No…………………………

Name of Program………………………………………………………..
Semester:……………………………….

Course Title: ………………….

Code:…………………………………………………….

Title of the Micro-Project:…………………………………….

Course Outcomes Achieved

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

Evaluation as per suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro-Project

Sr. Characteristic to be Poor (Marks Average Good Excellent

No. assessed 1-3) (Marks 4- (Marks (Marks 9-10)
5) 6-8)
1 Relevance to the
course
2 Literature survey/
Information Collection
3 Project Proposal

4 Completion of the
Target as per project
proposal
5 Analysis of Data &
Representation
6 Quality of
Prototype/Model
7 Report Preparation

8 Presentation

9 Defense
 Micro-Project Evaluation Sheet

Process Assessment Product Assessment Total

Part A- Project Part B-Project Individual Marks
Project Methodology Report/Working Model Presentation/Viva 10
Proposal (2 mark) (2 marks) (4 mark)
(2 marks)

Note:

Every course teacher is expected to assign marks for group evolution in first 3 columns & individual
evaluation in 4th columns for each group of students as per rubrics.

Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication(if any).

.................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................

Any other comment:

......................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................

Name and designation of the faculty member ........................................................

Signature...................................................................