Structural Design 2 (CIV4508)

Steven Carr
Assignment 2
Student Number: 0050089057

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Contents
Background Data Information ............................................................................................................ 3
Question 1 – Load estimation ................................................................................................................. 6
a) ......................................................................................................................................................... 6
b) ....................................................................................................................................................... 16
2) Purlin Design ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Q3. Analyse the portal frame using Strand 7 ........................................................................................ 20

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Background Data Information

Given that my student number ends in the 2 digits 57 the following information can be
gathered.

X mm Y mm Zmm
7000 6000 8000

Building information is as follows:

• Located on 192 Bowhill road, Willawong, Brisbane Queensland.

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Question 1 – Load estimation

a)

Calculate the wind speed. Refer to AS1770 documents

• From table 3.1 the importance level can be set at a 3 (ordinary) based on the surrounds of the
building being capable of having large amount of workers etc.
• Annual probability of exceedance from table 3.3 is 1/1000 for 50 years of design working
life.
• Annual probability of exceedance for serviceability limit states is 1/25
• Given the location is Brisbane that wind category from figure 3.1 of AS1170.2 is Region B
• The Ultimate limit state VR = 60m/s and the Serviceability limit state VR=39m/s

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 • Regional wind speed Vr from AS1170.2 table 3.1 is 60m/s
Calculate the wind direction multiplier
Given we know that the wind directions are from the easterly and northerly wind directions we can
find the following using clause 3.3.2 of the AS1170.2

• Md=0.95 for determining the resultant forces and overturning moments on complete buildings
and the wind actions on major elements.
• Md=1 for all other cases (including cladding and immediate supporting members)
The average roof height, h value
The height at the very most tip of the roof given the pitch angle can be found as follows:
𝑍𝑍 = 8 + (7 × tan(5)) = 8.612𝑚𝑚
8 + 8.612
ℎ= = 𝟖𝟖. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
2
Averaging of terrain categories and terrain-height multipliers
From clause 4.2.3 of AS1170.2 The area inside 20z should be ignored therefore 1663
Average distance = larger of (500,40h) = (500,332.2) = 500m
Review of site with 500m distance:

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Using Queensland globe a 500m radius is drawn around the site, as can be seen although it is wooded
area it is a fairly clear and open site, not knowing the area or having been there from aerial
observation there would be a few buildings around which would be sheds or buildings no more then
5m high the area is fairly open generally and the wind would be coming from east and north which
don’t have the trees which would change the terrain type. Therefore, based on Clause 4.2.1 from
AS1170.2 the terrain category adopted can be Category 2 (TC2) in some areas and Category TC1
in others.
The Mzcat value has been found using linear interpolation:
Using table 4.1 of AS1170.2
(8.306 − 5) × (1.12 − 1.05)
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 1 = 1.05 + = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
10 − 5
(8.306 − 5) × (1 − 0.91)
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 2 = 0.91 + = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
10 − 5
North:
(370 × 1.0963) + (130 × 0.9695)
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
500

North East:
(150 × 1.0963) + (350 × 0.9695)
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
500

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East:
(211 × 0.9696) + (289 × 1.0963)
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
500
South East:
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇1 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 500𝑚𝑚 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
South:
(456 × 0.9696) + (44 × 1.0963)
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
500
Southwest:
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇2 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 500𝑚𝑚 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
West:
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇2 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 500𝑚𝑚 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
North West:
(250 × 0.9696) + (250 × 1.0963)
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
500

Shielding multiplier
The shielding multiplier based on the fact there are no buildings or structures which would be protecting
to the north or east of the building is based on AS1170 4.3
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎
Topographic multiplier
Based on the fat that we are outside of New Zealand we know can adopt the values from 4.4.1(b) of
AS1170.2
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎
Design wind speed:
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝛽𝛽 = 𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅 𝑀𝑀𝑑𝑑 (𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀)
North:
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝛽𝛽 = 60 × 0.95 × (1.0633 × 1.0 × 1.0) = 60.610𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠
North East
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝛽𝛽 = 60 × 0.95 × (1.00754 × 1.0 × 1.0) = 57.430𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠
East
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝛽𝛽 = 60 × 0.95 × (1.0428 × 1.0 × 1.0) = 59.423𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠
South East
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝛽𝛽 = 60 × 0.95 × (1.0963 × 1.0 × 1.0) = 62.489𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠

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South
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝛽𝛽 = 60 × 0.95 × (0.9807 × 1.0 × 1.0) = 55.90𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠
South West
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝛽𝛽 = 60 × 0.95 × (0.9695 × 1.0 × 1.0) = 55.26𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠
West
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝛽𝛽 = 60 × 0.95 × (0.9695 × 1.0 × 1.0) = 55.26𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠
North West
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝛽𝛽 = 60 × 0.95 × (1.0330 × 1.0 × 1.0) = 58.881𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠

Given that we know that the orientation of the building we know that the wind speed is set as follows:
Vdes(North) = 60.610m/s and Vdes(east) = 59.423m/s

Design Pressure: Northern Wind

𝜌𝜌 = 0.5𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝[𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝜃𝜃]2 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
Referring to AS1170.2, CL 6.1 the building will be a value of greater then 1.0hz therefore the
Cdyn=1.0
Finding the external pressure
In the northerly direction the configuration means that the wall subjected to the Northerly wind is the
short wall of 2x = 14m long the easterly wind is on the longer wall which is 36m long.

Windward wall:
To find the value of the windward wall refer to AS1170.2 table 5.2a when windspeed is taken for h=z
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 0.7
Leeward wall:
We know that ∝= 5° therefore we can refer to AS1170.2 table 5.2b
∝= 5° < 10°
b/d = 36/14 = 2.57>1
Interpolate
(2.57 − 2) × (0.3 − 0.2)
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒(𝑙𝑙) = 0.2 − = −𝟎𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
2−4
Side walls:
The Average height = 8.306 allow for =8.31 referring to table 5.2c of AS1170.2
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒(𝑆𝑆0𝑚𝑚 − 8.31𝑚𝑚) = −0.65
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒(𝑆𝑆8.31𝑚𝑚 − 16.62𝑚𝑚) = −0.5

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𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒(𝑆𝑆16.62𝑚𝑚 − 24.93𝑚𝑚) = −0.3
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒(> 24.93𝑚𝑚) = −0.2
Roof:
The roof requirements can be found in AS1170.2 table 5.3a
We know that the roof has an average height of 8.31m and a gable roof the
8.31
= 0.2308 < 0.5
36
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒(𝑅𝑅0𝑚𝑚 − 4.155𝑚𝑚) = −0.90
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒(𝑅𝑅4.155𝑚𝑚 − 8.31𝑚𝑚) = −0.90
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒(𝑅𝑅8.31𝑚𝑚 − 16.62𝑚𝑚) = −0.5
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒(𝑅𝑅16.62𝑚𝑚 − 24.93𝑚𝑚) = −0.3
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒(𝑅𝑅24.93𝑚𝑚) = 0.2

External Pressures:
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒, 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
Ka=1
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾, 𝑒𝑒 = 0.8 (𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤, 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙, 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 5.5 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴1170.2
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 = 1.5(𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤) 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴1170.2 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 5.6
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 = 1.0 (𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝑑𝑑, 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴1170.2 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 5.6
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 = 1.0

Winward wall pressure

𝜌𝜌 = 0.5𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝[𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝜃𝜃]2 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶

𝜌𝜌 = 0.5 × 1.2 × (60.610)2 × 0.7 × 1 × 0.8 × 1.5 × 1 × 1 = 1851.48𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

Leeward wall pressure

𝜌𝜌 = 0.5𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝[𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝜃𝜃]2 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶

𝜌𝜌 = 0.5 × 1.2 × (60.610)2 × −0.2285 × 1 × 0.8 × 1 × 1 × 1 = −402.98𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

Side wall pressures

𝜌𝜌 = 0.5𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝[𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝜃𝜃]2 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶

𝜌𝜌(0𝑚𝑚 − 8.31𝑚𝑚) = 0.5 × 1.2 × (60.610)2 × −0.65 × 1 × 0.8 × 1 × 1 × 1 = −1093.255𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

𝜌𝜌(8.31𝑚𝑚 − 16.62𝑚𝑚) = 0.5 × 1.2 × (60.610)2 × −0.5 × 1 × 0.8 × 1 × 1 × 1 = −881.657𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

𝜌𝜌(16.62𝑚𝑚 − 24.93𝑚𝑚) = 0.5 × 1.2 × (60.610)2 × −0.3 × 1 × 0.8 × 1 × 1 × 1 = −528.994𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

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𝜌𝜌(> 24.93𝑚𝑚) = 0.5 × 1.2 × (60.610)2 × −0.2 × 1 × 0.8 × 1 × 1 × 1 = −352.663𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

Roof pressures

𝜌𝜌 = 0.5𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝[𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝜃𝜃]2 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶

𝜌𝜌(0𝑚𝑚 − 4.155𝑚𝑚) = 0.5 × 1.2 × (60.610)2 × −0.90 × 1 × 0.8 × 1 × 1 × 1 = −1586.98𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

𝜌𝜌(4.155𝑚𝑚 − 8.31𝑚𝑚) = 0.5 × 1.2 × (60.610)2 × −0.9 × 1 × 0.8 × 1 × 1 × 1 = −1586.983𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

𝜌𝜌(8.31𝑚𝑚 − 16.62𝑚𝑚) = 0.5 × 1.2 × (60.610)2 × −0.5 × 1 × 0.8 × 1 × 1 × 1 = −881.65𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

𝜌𝜌(16.62 − 24.93𝑚𝑚) = 0.5 × 1.2 × (60.610)2 × −0.3 × 1 × 0.8 × 1 × 1 × 1 = −528.99𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

𝜌𝜌(24.93𝑚𝑚 +) = 0.5 × 1.2 × (60.610)2 × 0.2 × 1 × 0.8 × 1 × 1 × 1 = 352.66𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

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Design Pressure: Eastern Wind
𝜌𝜌 = 0.5𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝[𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝜃𝜃]2 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
Referring to AS1170.2, CL 6.1 the building will be a value of greater then 1.0hz therefore the
Cdyn=1.0
Finding the external pressure
In the northerly direction the configuration means that the wall subjected to the Northerly wind is the
short wall of 2x = 14m long the easterly wind is on the longer wall which is 36m long.

Windward wall:
To find the value of the windward wall refer to AS1170.2 table 5.2a when windspeed is taken for h=z
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 0.7
Leeward wall:
We know that ∝= 5° therefore we can refer to AS1170.2 table 5.2b
∝= 5° < 10°
b/d = 14/36 = 0.3889<1
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒(𝑙𝑙) = −𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓
Side walls:
The Average height = 8.306 allow for =8.31 referring to table 5.2c of AS1170.2
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒(𝑆𝑆0𝑚𝑚 − 8.31𝑚𝑚) = −0.65
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒(𝑆𝑆8.31𝑚𝑚 − 14𝑚𝑚) = −0.5
Roof:
The roof requirements can be found in AS1170.2 table 5.3a
We know that the roof has an average height of 8.31m and a gable roof the
8.31
= 0.593 > 0.5
14
Will need to interpolate the different values between >0.5 and >1.0
(0.593 − 0.5) × (−1.3 − (−0.9))
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒(𝑅𝑅0𝑚𝑚 − 4.155𝑚𝑚) = −0.9 + − = −0.9744
1.0 − 0.5
(0.593 − 0.5) × (−0.7 − (−0.9))
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒(𝑅𝑅4.155𝑚𝑚 − 8.31𝑚𝑚) = −0.9 + − = −0.8628
1.0 − 0.5
(0.593 − 0.5) × �−0.5 − (−0.7)�
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒(𝑅𝑅8.31𝑚𝑚 − 14𝑚𝑚) = −0.5 + − = −0.5372
1.0 − 0.5

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External Pressures:
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒, 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
Ka=1
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾, 𝑒𝑒 = 0.8 (𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤, 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙, 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 5.5 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴1170.2
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 = 1.5(𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤) 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴1170.2 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 5.6
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 = 1.0 (𝐿𝐿𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒, 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴1170.2 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 5.6
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 = 1.0

Winward wall pressure

𝜌𝜌 = 0.5𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝[𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝜃𝜃]2 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶

𝜌𝜌 = 0.5 × 1.2 × (59.423)2 × 0.7 × 1 × 0.8 × 1.5 × 1 × 1 = 1779.67𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

Leeward wall pressure

𝜌𝜌 = 0.5𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝[𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝜃𝜃]2 𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

𝜌𝜌 = 0.5 × 1.2 × (59.423)2 × −0.5 × 1 × 0.8 × 1 × 1 × 1 = −847.462𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

Side wall pressures

𝜌𝜌 = 0.5𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝[𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝜃𝜃]2 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶

𝜌𝜌(0𝑚𝑚 − 8.31𝑚𝑚) = 0.5 × 1.2 × (59.423)2 × −0.65 × 1 × 0.8 × 1 × 1 × 1 = −1050.85𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

𝜌𝜌(8.31𝑚𝑚 − 14𝑚𝑚) = 0.5 × 1.2 × (59.423)2 × −0.5 × 1 × 0.8 × 1 × 1 × 1 = −847.462𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

Roof pressures

𝜌𝜌 = 0.5𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝[𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝜃𝜃]2 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶

𝜌𝜌(0𝑚𝑚 − 4.155𝑚𝑚) = 0.5 × 1.2 × (59.423)2 × −0.9744 × 1 × 0.8 × 1 × 1 × 1 = −1651.53𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

𝜌𝜌(4.155𝑚𝑚 − 8.31𝑚𝑚) = 0.5 × 1.2 × (59.423)2 × −0.8628 × 1 × 0.8 × 1 × 1 × 1 = −1462.381𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

𝜌𝜌(8.31𝑚𝑚 − 14𝑚𝑚) = 0.5 × 1.2 × (59.423)2 × −0.5372 × 1 × 0.8 × 1 × 1 × 1 = −910.5𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

14
Design pressures and Cfig for internal surfaces which may give the worst uplifted case for the roof.

We have been told to assume that the building is fully enclose for wind load calculations therefore
the windows and rolling shutter won’t influence the internal pressure calculations and we won’t be
needing to use table 5.1(b). Only 5.1(a) for calculations.

If the roofs are not 100% sealed, we can assume 2 walls are permeable and the windward wall is
permeable.

Cp,i = 0.20

Worst case roof pressure

Refer to diagram from table 5.5 of AS1170.2 section b where Kc,e and Kc,i is equal to 0.8

Therefore, internal pressure is as shows:

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑖𝑖 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑖𝑖 = 0.2 × 0.8 = 0.16

𝜌𝜌 = 0.5𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝[𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝜃𝜃]2 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶

𝜌𝜌 = 0.5 × 1.2 × [60.610]2 × 0.16 × 1 = 352.66𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝

Determine the worst uplifted case for the roof and worst case for the columns:

In the Northern direction:

Section of roof Pe (kPa) Pi(kPa) Total (kPa)

0 – 4.155 -1.587 0.353 1.94

15
 4.155-8.31 -1.587 0.353 1.94
8.31-16.62 -0.882 0.353 1.235
16.62-24.93 -0.530 0.353 0.883
24.93+ 0.353 0.353 0

In the Eastern direction:

Section of roof Pe (kPa) Pi(kPa) Total (kPa)

0 – 4.155 -1.65153 0.353 2.004
4.155-8.31 -1.462381 0.353 1.815
8.31-14 -0.910.5 0.353 1.2635

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝑒𝑒 = −0.90 × 1 × 0.9 × 1 × 1 = −0.81
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 0.5𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝(𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉, 𝜃𝜃)2 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 0.5 × 1.2 × (60.610)2 × −0.81 × 1 = −1785.356𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝

Worst case uplift = 353pa-(-1785.356pa) = 2.138Kpa

b)
Calculate the loads (DL and LL) acting on the typical portal frame

We first need to find the deadloads which are caused by the roof sheeting, the weight of the purlins
and the columns, along with this we need to account for the bracing.

The design from this section was undertaken after the sizing of purlins to ensure that purlin would
be adequate, and calculations not repeated, we can discount the self-weight of the portal frame as
these beam sizes will be determined later and the question requests finding the deadloads and live
loads on the portal frames:

We know that the span between each portal frame is 6m.

On the roof beam:

Dead load:

Roof sheeting:
9.81
6 × 4.9 × = 0.288𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚
1000
Purlins:
9.81
(6 × 5.74 × )/1.2 = 0.282𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚
1000
G= 0.288+0.282 = 0.570kN/m

16
Live load on the roof beam:

Live load:

Q:
1.8
𝑄𝑄 = + 0.12 > 0.25𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝐴𝐴
𝐴𝐴 = 6 × 12 = 72𝑚𝑚2
1.8
𝑄𝑄 = + 0.12 < 0.25𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
72
𝑄𝑄 = 0.25 × 6 = 1.5𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

Loads on the Columns:

Dead load:

Assume the weight of the windows is not allowed for the additional roofing iron considers roof
iron weight.

Wall sheeting:
9.81
6 × 4.9 × = 0.288𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚
1000
Assume the same spacing for purlins as roof

Purlins:
9.81
�6 × 5.74 × � = 0.338𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚
1000
G= 0.288+0.338 = 0.626kN/m

17
Question 2) Purlin Design
Select purlin spacing to suit sheeting and geometry

Determine design loads and select purlin from tables

Materials will be selected using the Lysaght manual which as been provided.

Roof sheeting will be a typical Custom orb sheeting, given that its Brisbane and the pitch of the roof
meets the minimum roof pitch requirements this sheeting will be more then sufficient and is good in
the installation in industrial application, this product is also generally cheaper then a trimdek or
similar.

Mass = 4.9kg/m2

BMT = 0.48mm

Sheeting span as per Lysaght = 1300mm (end)

Purlins will be Z20019

The spacing between the roof beams is 6m therefore the span of purlins must be 6m with a double
lapped span.

The weight of the purlin is 5.74

Loadings for purlin and sheets

Deadload (G):
9.81
𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 1.2 × 4.9 × = 0.0577𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚
1000
9.81
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 5.74 × = 0.0563𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚
1000
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏/𝒎𝒎

Live load (Q):

1.8
𝑄𝑄 = + 0.12 ≥ 0.25𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝐴𝐴
𝐴𝐴 = 1.2 × 6 = 7.2𝑚𝑚2
1.8
𝑄𝑄 = + 0.12 = 0.37𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 > 0.25𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
7.2
𝑇𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑄𝑄 = 0.370 × 1.2 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒/𝒎𝒎
Wind loading from previous questions:

Wuout =2.138kPa

Wuout = 2.5656kN/m

18
Using AS1170.0 Clause 4.2.2 we can find the load design.

Worst inward case:

1.2𝐺𝐺 + 1.5𝑄𝑄 = (1.2 × 0.1139) + (1.5 × 0.440) = 0.796𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

Therefore, the inward capacity of the Purlin is sufficient = 2.36kN/m

Worst Outward Case:

0.9𝐺𝐺 + 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 = (0.9 × 0.1139) + (2.5656) = 2.668𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

Therefore, no bridging is required.

Therefore, the final design is Custom orb sheeting with Z20019 purlins at a spacing of 1200mm
double lapped with no bridging, on ends spacing may be little less then 1200 due to 14m roof beam
width. However its better than trying to construct them at 1.1167 to fit an even amount.

Same purlins will be used for girts.

19
Question 3. Analyse the portal frame using Strand 7
Based on all the loadings which were found in Questions 1 and 2 we can undertake an analysis in
strand 7, however the design will be somewhat changeable given the fact we don’t know the size of
beams and columns which will be found in later calculations for serviceability etc.

Refer hand calculations

20
The following is the Restraining which was used in the strand 7 Model:

On the 2 Pin locations at the bottom of the columns

On the 3 rigid joints from the welded/rigid connections

The restraining node attributes for the 3 rigid connections along the portal frame:

21
Based on the inputs directed above are the Shear force, axial force and bending moment diagrams
are shown below:

Load Case 1:

Shear force

Bending moment

22
Axial force

Table of Results

23
Load Case 2:

Shear force

Bending Moment

24
Axial force

Table of Results

25
Load Case 3:

26
Shear force

Bending Moment

27
Axial force

Table of Results

Looking below are the 2 diagrams of displacement in X and Y for columns and X for beam and
column based on the serviceability requirements.

Displacement Stand 7

28
29
30