OASIS COLLEGE

M.Amir

[ADDITIONAL SHORT
QUESTIONS]
Additional Short Questions Of Physics For 1st year
Chapter # 1

Measurement
Q.no:01:
Write two uses of dimensional analysis?
• It is used to find the relationship between different physical quantities.
• It is used to convert one system of unit into another.
• It is used to confirm the correctness of any physical equation.

Q.no:02:
What are base units? Name all of them.
Base Units:
Those units which explain the base quantities are called base units.
There are seven base units.
▪ Meter ▪ Candela
▪ Kilogram ▪ Mole
▪ Second ▪ Kelvin
▪ Ampere

Q.no:03:
What is light year? Give its value?
Light Year:
The distance that the light travels in one year between any two points in the space
is called light year.
Value:
One light year is equal to 9.461x 1015 meters.

Q.no:04:
Define plane angle and solid angle?
Radian/Plane angle:
It is 2-D (2 Dimensional) plane angle, which is made up between two radii
of a circle. In a complete circle there are 2𝜋 radians.
Solid angle/Steradian:
It is 3-D (3 Dimensional) solid angle made at the centre of sphere.
Unit of Solid angle is steradian.

Q.no:05:
Prove that 𝐄 = 𝐦𝐜 𝟐 is dimensionally correct?
Solution:
E = mc 2

Page 2 of 26
L.H.S.
E=W
⃑ . ⃑d
E=F
E = ma . d
[E] = [M][LT −2 ][L]...............(i)
R.H.S.
[E] = [ML2 T −2 ]
[mc 2 ] = [M][LT −1 ]2
= [M][L2 T −2 ]
[mc 2 ] = [ML2 T −2 ]...............(ii)
From equation (i) & (ii)
L.H.S = R.H.S
𝟐
𝐄 = 𝐦𝐜 is dimensionally correct.

Q.no:06:
What are the dimensions and units of gravitational constant G in the formula
𝐆𝐦𝟏 𝐦𝟐
of = ?
𝐫𝟐
Dimensions of "G":
Gm1 m2
F=
r2
Fr2
→G=
m1 m2
ma.r2
G=
m1 m2
[M][LT−2 ][L2 ]
[G] =
[M][M]
[G] = [M −1 3 −2 ]
LT
Unit:
kg-1m3s-2

Q.no:07:
What do you meant by systematic error and random error?
Systematic error:
• It may occur due to zero error in an instrument.
• Systematic error can be reduced by comparing the instrument with another which is more
accurate.
Random error:
• Such error which gives the different result under the same condition.

Page 3 of 26
 • It occur due to some unknown reason.
• It can be reduce by taking an average.

Q.no:08:
Differentiate between precision and accuracy?
Precision
A precise measurement is
the one which has less
precision or absolute
uncertainly.
Accuracy
An accurate measurement
is the one which has less
fractional or percentage
uncertainly or error.

Q.no:09:
Explain significant figures?
Significant figures:
In any measurement, the accurately non-digits and the first doubtful digit,
are called significant figures.
All digits 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 are significant.

Q.no:10:
Show that 𝒗𝒇 = 𝒗𝒊 + 𝒂𝒕 at is dimensionally correct?
Solution:
𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
L.H.S.
[𝑣𝑓 ] = [𝐿𝑇 −1 ].....................................(i)
R.H.S.
[𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡] = [𝐿𝑇 −1 ] + [𝐿𝑇 −2 ][𝑇]
= [𝐿𝑇 −1 ] + [𝐿𝑇 −1 ]
[𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡] = 2[𝐿𝑇 −1 ]..........................(ii)
In dimensional analysis:
[𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡] = [𝐿𝑇 −1 ]

From equation (i) &(ii)

L.H.S = R.H.S
𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡 is dimensionally correct.

Q.no:11:
What do you meant by scientific notation. Give an example?
Scientific Notation:
The process in which numbers are expressed in power of 10.
Example:

Page 4 of 26
 i. 2.6 x 103
ii. 9.1 x 10-7

Q.no:12:
How many nano seconds in one year?

As we know that
one year = 3.1536 × 107 s

3.1536
one year = × 107 × 10−9 s
10−9 s

one year = 3.15 × 107+9 × 10−9 s

one year = 3.15 × 1016 ns

Q.no:13:
Give definition of unit of solid angle?
Unit of Solid angle:
SI unit of solid angle is steradian, which is defined as:
" Steradian is the 3D-Solid angle made at the centre of sphere".
• In a complete sphere, there are 4𝜋 radian.

Q.no:14:
How many meters are there in one light year?

As we know that
Time = t = 1year = 365 days
t = 365 x 24 x 60 x 60 sec
t = 3.15 x 107 s
speed of light = c = 3.0 x 108 ms-1
Distance = S = ?
we know that
S = 3 x 108 x 3.15 x 107 s
S = 9.5 x 1015m
In one light year there are 9.461 x 1015m meters.

Q.no:15:
What is a light year? Calculate its value?
Light year:
"A light year is the distance, light travels in one year".
Value:
1year = 365 x 24 x 60 x 60

Page 5 of 26
 = 31536000s
speed of light = c = 3.0 x 108 ms-1
S = 3 x 108 x 31536000
S = 9.5 x 1015m

Q.no:16:
Calculate distance covered by light in free space in one year?
As we know that
1year = 365 x 24 x 60 x 60
1year = 31536000s
speed of light = c = 3.0 x 108 ms-1
S = vt
S = ct
S = 3 x 108 x 31536000
S = 9.5 x 1015m

Q.no:17:
Define particle physics and Relativistic mechanics?
Particle Physics:
"Particle physics is the branch of physics which concerned with the ultimate
particles of which the matter is composed".
Relativistic Mechanics:
"Relativistic mechanics is the branch of physics which deals with velocities
approaching that of light".

Q.no:18:
Suggest one method to reduced the uncertainly in any timing experiment?
For the uncertainty in a timing experiment:
The uncertainty in the time period of a vibrating
body is found by dividing the least count of timing device by the number of vibrations.
Example:
For example, the time of 30 vibrations of a simple pendulum recorded by a stopwatch accurate
up to one tenth of a second is 54.6s, the period
𝟓𝟒.𝟔𝐬
𝐓= = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟐𝐬 with uncertainty
𝟑𝟎
𝟎.𝟏𝒔
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝒔
𝟑𝟎

Q.no:19:
Add the following up to appropriate precise 3.125, 1.2, 0.0038?
Solution:
Sum = 3.125 + 1.2+ 0.0038
= 4.363

Page 6 of 26
Since the value of least precision is 1.2, so
Sum = 4.6

Q.no:20:
What is the characteristics of an ideal standard?
Characteristics of Ideal Standard:
An ideal standard has two principle characteristics:
• It is accessible
• It is invariable

Chapter # 2

Vectors And Equilibrium

Q.no:01:
Find unit vector 𝑨 = 𝟏𝟐𝒊̂ − 𝟓𝒋̂?
Solution:
⃑A
⃑
̂=
A ..................................(i)
|Â|
⃑ | = √(12)2 (5)2
|A
= √144 + 25
= √169
⃑ | = 13
|A
̂ = 12î−5ĵ
A
13

Q.no:02:
Show that commutative law holds good in addition of vector?
From figure: ⃑⃑
𝑩
• When 𝑨 ⃑⃑ is added to 𝑩 ⃑⃑ then resultant is 𝑹
⃑⃑ = 𝑨
⃑ +𝑩⃑⃑
...........................(i)
𝑹 ⃑⃑ + 𝑩
⃑⃑ = 𝑨 ⃑⃑
• When ⃑𝑩 ⃑ is added to ⃑𝑨 then the resultant is ⃑𝑹 ⃑ = ⃑𝑩
⃑ + ⃑𝑨 ⃑⃑
𝑨 ⃑⃑
𝑨
...................(ii) ⃑⃑ = 𝑩
𝑹 ⃑⃑
⃑⃑ + 𝑨
So from equation (i) and (ii) it is clear,
⃑ +𝑩
𝑨 ⃑⃑ = 𝑩
⃑⃑ + 𝑨
⃑⃑
⃑𝑩
⃑
It shows that commutative law holds good in addition of vectors.

Q.no:03:
How the vector subtracted from another vector? explain by diagram?
Page 7 of 26
 If vector ⃑𝑩
⃑ is to be subtracted from a vector ⃑𝑨, then it can be done ⃑⃑
𝑹
⃑⃑
𝑨 ⃑⃑ − 𝑩
=𝑨 ⃑⃑
by taking the negative vector 𝑩 ⃑⃑ and adding it in vector 𝑨⃑ -Resultant vector
according to head to tail rule, give the difference
⃑𝑨
⃑ − ⃑𝑩
⃑.
⃑⃑
−𝑩

Q.no:04:
The magnitude of the sum of two vectors is zero, What is the condition to get
this?
The sum of two vectors only be zero if they are in opposite directions and have the same
magnitude.

Q.no:05:
Define Resultant vector, component of vector and position vector?
Resultant Vector:
“A single vector which have effect of all other vectors is called resultant vector”.

𝑅⃑ ⃑
𝐵

𝑅⃑ = 𝐴 + 𝐵
⃑
𝐴

Component of Vector:
“Effective part of a vector is called component of vector”.
• There are infinite components of vector.

Position Vector:
“A vector which tells us about the location of a point or particle is called position
vector”.
Mathematically:
𝑟 = 𝑎𝑖̂ + 𝑏𝑗̂

Q.no:06:
Define the terms of Null vector, Subtraction of vector and equal vector?
Null Vector:
“A vector whose magnitude is zero is called null vector”.
Mathematically:
𝐴 + (−𝐴̂) = 0
• It has arbitrary direction.
Subtraction of Vector:

Page 8 of 26
 ⃑ is to be subtracted from vector 𝐴, then it can be done by taking
If vector 𝐵
⃑ and adding it in vector 𝐴-Resultant vector according to head to tail rule gives
the negative of vector 𝐵
the difference 𝐴 − 𝐵⃑.

𝑅⃑ = 𝐴 − 𝐵
⃑ 𝐴

⃑
−𝐵
Equal Vector:
“Two or more vector which have same direction and same magnitude are called
equal vector”.

Q.no:07:
State the first and second condition of equilibrium? Also their equation.
First Condition of Equilibrium:
"The sum of forces acting on a body is equal to zero".
Equation:
∑𝐹 = 0

Second Condition of Equilibrium:

"The sum of torque acting on a body should be equal to zero".
Equation:
∑𝜏 = 0
Anti-clockwise Torque = Clockwise Torque.

Q.no:08:
Under what condition a body can move with uniform acceleration?

A body can move with uniform acceleration, if its velocity changes by equal amount in equal
interval of time.

Q.no:09:
Can dot product of two vectors is equal to zero?

Dot product of two vectors can equal to zero when 𝜽 = 𝟗𝟎°

⃑ = 𝐴𝐵 cos 𝜃
𝐴. 𝐵
= 𝐴𝐵 cos 90°
= 𝐴𝐵 (0) (∴ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟗𝟎° = 𝟎)
⃑ =0
𝐴. 𝐵

Page 9 of 26
Q.no:10:
Can dot product of two vectors is equal to the product of their magnitude?
Explain.
Dot product of two vectors is equal to the product of their magnitude, if 𝜃 = 0°
⃑ = 𝐴𝐵 cos 𝜃
𝐴. 𝐵
= 𝐴𝐵 cos 0°
= 𝐴𝐵 (1) (∴ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟎° = 𝟏)
⃑ = 𝐴𝐵
𝐴. 𝐵

Q.no:11:
Under what condition an object move with constant acceleration?

An object move with constant acceleration due to constant velocity with respect to the time.

Q.no:12:
Can the sum of two vectors be zero?

The sum of two vectors, if they are in opposite directions and have the same magnitude.

Q.no:13:
If ⃑𝑨
⃑ = 𝟒𝒊̂ − 𝟒𝒋̂ then what is the orientation of vector ⃑𝑨
⃑ ?

If 𝐴 = 4𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ then vector 𝐴 lies in 4th quadrant.

Q.no:14:
̂.
⃑⃑ = 𝟒𝒊̂ − 𝟒𝒋̂ + 𝟐𝒌
Find unit vector𝑨
Solution:
𝐴̂ = 4𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂
𝐴
𝐴̂ = |𝐴|

|𝐴| = √(2)2 (1)2 (2)2

= √4 + 1 + 4
= √9
|𝐴| = 3
̂
2𝑖̂−𝑗̂ +2𝑘
𝐴̂ = (answer)
3

Chapter # 3

Page 10 of 26
 Motion & Force
Q.no:01:
Show that the rate of change of momentum is equal to applied force?
The rate of change of momentum is equal to applied force.
As we know that
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎

∆𝑣 ∆𝒗
𝐹 = 𝑚 ( ∆𝑡 ) (∴ 𝒂 = )
∆𝒕

𝑣𝑓 −𝑣𝑖
𝐹 = 𝑚( )
∆𝑡

𝑃𝑓 −𝑃𝑖
𝐹= (∴ 𝑷 = 𝒎𝒗)
∆𝑡

∆𝑃
𝐹= ∆t

Q.no:02:
Define isolated system with example?
Isolated System:
"A system on which no external force acting upon it".
Example:
The molecules of a gas enclosed in a glass vessel.

Q.no:03:
What is the difference between Average velocity and Instantaneous velocity?
Average Velocity Instantaneous Velocity
• If ∆𝑑 is the total • The velocity of an object
displacement of a body in at any instant is called
time ∆𝑡, then its average instantaneous velocity
velocity ∆𝒅⃑
⃑ 𝑽𝒊𝒏𝒔 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦
∆𝒅 ∆𝒕→𝟎 ∆𝒕
⃑𝑽𝒂𝒗 =
∆𝒕

Q.no:04:
What is the difference b/w uniform velocity and uniform acceleration?

Page 11 of 26
 Uniform Velocity Uniform Acceleration
• When a body covers • If the velocity of the body
equal displacement in changes uniformly in
equal intervals of time equal intervals of time
then the body moves with the body is said to be
uniform velocity. moving with uniform
acceleration.

Q.no:05:
A lead and rubber ball having same size and velocity, then which ball having
greater momentum and why?

A lead ball and rubber ball having same size and velocity, strike normally on a smooth wall the
lead ball falls down after striking but the rubber bounces back so the momentum of lead ball is greater
than the momentum of rubber ball.

Q.no:06:
Find the relation for the force due to water flow?

Suppose the water strikes normally on the wall with velocity "v" and comes to rest after striking
the wall.
So,
𝐯𝐢 = 𝐯
𝐯𝐟 = 𝟎
Change in velocity = ∆𝐯
∆𝐯 = 𝐯𝐟 − 𝐯𝐢
∆𝐯 = 𝟎 − 𝐯
∆𝐯 = −𝐯
As we know that
∆𝐏
𝐅= 𝐭
𝐦𝐯𝐟 −𝐦𝐯𝐢
=
𝐭
𝐦(𝐯𝐟 −𝐯𝐢 )
= 𝐭
𝐦∆𝐯
= 𝐭
𝐦(−𝐯)
= 𝐭
−𝐦𝐯
𝐅=
𝐭
This is the relation for force due to water flow.

Q.no:07:
Page 12 of 26
 When a bullet is fired from a rifle. Why does the move backward?

Before firing, the momentum of gun and bullet is zero.

Total momentum before firing = 0

According to the law of conservation of momentum

0 = mv + Mv′
Mv ′ = −mv
−mv
v′ =
M

As, Mass of the rifle is much greater than the bullet, it result the rifle moves back.

Q.no:08:
Water flows out from pipe at 5kgs-1 and its velocity changes from 4ms-1 to zero
on striking the wall?

Solution:
Given Data
Water flows through a pipe at the rate of 5kgs-1
Initial velocity = 4ms-1
Final velocity =0
To Find:
Force = F = ?
Solution:

As we know that
−m
F= v
∆t
= −5kgs −1 × 4ms−1
= −20 kgms−2
F = −20 N (answer)

Q.no:09:
Differentiate b/w elastic and inelastic collision?
Elastic Collision Inelastic Collision
• The collision in which • The collision in which
momentum and K.E momentum remains
remains constant. constant but K.E doesn't
remain constant.

Q.no:10:

Page 13 of 26
 Define the range of projectile? In which situation its value is maximum and
minimum?
Range of Projectile:
"Maximum horizontal distance is called range of projectile".
𝐯𝐢 𝟐
→𝐑= 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝛉.
𝐠
At 𝛉 = 𝟒𝟓° Range is maximum and at 𝛉 = 𝟎° Range is minimum.

Q.no:11:
Where is the range of projectile is maximum?

As we know that
vi 2
R= sin 2θ
g
The range will be maximum when 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝛉 is maximum.
So,
sin 2θ = 1
2θ = sin−1 (1)
2θ = 90°
90°
θ= 2
θ = 45°
Range will be maximum when 𝛉 = 𝟒𝟓°
𝐯𝐢𝟐
𝐑 𝐦𝐚𝐱 =
𝐠

Q.no:12:
Derive expression for range and time of flight of projectile?
Range of Projectile:
"Maximum horizontal distance is called range of projectile".
nd
By using 2 equation of motion:
1
Sx = vi xt + 2 axt 2
1
R = (vi cos θ) 2 (0)t 2
= vi cos θ 𝑡 + 0
2vi sin θ
= (vi cos θ) ( )
g
vi 2 (2 sin θ cos θ)
= g
vi 2
R = sin 2θ (∴ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝜽 = 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽)
g
Time of Flight:
"Time taken from the point of projection to strike of a projectile, is called time of
flight".
By using 2nd equation of motion:

Page 14 of 26
 1
Sy = viy t + 2 ay t 2
1
0 = (vi sin θ)t + 2 (−g)t 2
1
0 = (vi sin θ)t − 2 gt 2
1
gt 2 = (vi sin θ)t
2
2vi sin θ
t = g

Q.no:13:
Show that range of projectile is maximum for angle of 𝟒𝟓° with horizontal?
As we know that
vi 2
sin 2θ R =
g
The range will be maximum when " 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝛉 " is maximum.
So,
sin 2θ = 1
2θ = sin−1 (1)
2θ = 90°
90°
θ=
2
θ = 45°
Range will be maximum when 𝛉 = 𝟒𝟓°
𝐯𝐢 𝟐
𝐑 𝐦𝐚𝐱 =
𝐠

Q.no:14:
Is Range of projectile is same for both angles of 𝟑𝟎° and 𝟔𝟎°? If yes then
prove it?

(a) For θ = 30°

vi 2
R = sin 2θ
g
vi 2 sin 2(30°)
R = g
vi 2 sin 60°
R = g
vi 2
R = (0.866)
g
vi 2
R = (0.866) ...........................(i)
g
(a) For θ = 60°
vi 2 sin 2(60°)
R = g
vi 2 sin 120°
R = g

Page 15 of 26
 vi 2
R = (0.866) ...........................(ii)
g
From equation (i) and (ii), it is clear that ranges at angles 30° and 60° are same.

Q.no:15:
Show that range and maximum range are related as𝐑⁄𝐑 𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝜽?
As we know that
Here if 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝛉 = 𝟏, then:
vi 2
R max =
g
So,
R = R max sin 2θ
R
= sin 2θ
Rmax

Q.no:16:
What happens when a very heavy body collide with lighter stationary body?
Explain.

When a massive body collide with lighter body then:

v1' = v
v2' = 2v1
v1 v2 = 0
m1 m2

Q.no:17:
A 1500kg car has its velocity reduced from 20ms-1 to 15ms-1 in 3.0 sec. How
large was the average retarding force?

Mass = m = 1500kg
vi = 20ms −1
vf = 15ms −1
t = 3.0s
F =?
As we know that
∆P
F= ∆t
mvf −mvi
= t
m(vf −vi )
= t

Page 16 of 26
 (1500)(15−20)
= (3)
(1500)(−5)
= (3)
F = −2500N

Q.no:18:
A 20g ball hits the wall of a squash court with a constant force of 50N. If the
time of impact of force is 0.5sec, Find the impulse?
m = 20g
20
= 1000 × 1000g
= 0.02kg
F = 50N
t = 0.5sec
Impulse = Force × time of impact
I = ⃑F × ∆t
I = 50N × 0.5s
I = 25Ns (answer)

Chapter # 4

Work Energy
Q.no:01:
Drive work energy principle?
Work Energy Principle:
"Work done on a body is equal to change in its Kinetic energy".
Mathematically:
W = ∆(K. E)
Explanation:
A body of mass "m" is moving with velocity "vi". A force "F" acting through a distance
"d" increase the velocity "vf" from equation of motion.
2ad = vf 2 − vi 2 (∴ 𝐅 = 𝐦𝐚)
𝐅
2(F⁄m)d = vf 2 − vi 2 (∴ 𝐚 = 𝐦)
2Fd = mvf 2 − mvi 2
1 1
F. d = 2 mvf 2 − 2 mvi 2
F. d = (K. E)f −(K. E)i
W = ∆(K. E)

Q.no:02:

Page 17 of 26
 Define conservative field? Give its two examples.
Conservative Field:
"The field which is independent of path followed is called conservative
field".
Example:
• Gravitational field
• Electric field
• Magnetic field

Q.no:03:
Prove that 𝟏𝐤𝐰𝐡 = 𝟑. 𝟔𝐌𝐉.
1kwh = (1000W)(3600)s
= 3600000Ws
= 3600000J (∴ 𝐉 = 𝐖𝐬)
= 3.6 × 106 J
1kwh = 3.6MJ

Q.no:04:
Define Escape velocity? And its value?
Escape Velocity:
"The velocity which is necessary for an object to moves out from earth
gravitational field is called escape velocity".
• vesc = √2gR
• Its value is 11kms-1

Q.no:05:
What is the real and apparent weight?
Real weight:
The weight of an object on the surface of earth is called real weight.
• It is denoted by "w"
• w=mg
Apparent weight:
The weight of an object when it moves upward or downward in earth gravitational
field.
• It can be from 0....w
• T=w-mg

Q.no:06:
A body of mass "m" is suspended from ceiling of an elevator. If elevator is
ascending with acceleration "a", what would be value of T acting on body?

Page 18 of 26
 A body of mass "m" is suspended from ceiling of an elevator. If elevator is ascending with
acceleration "a" then
Net force = T-W
ma = T-W
W + ma =T
T = W + ma
Result:
Appearing weight increases by an amount of ma.

Q.no:07:
𝐆𝐌𝐦
What does the negative sign shows in 𝐔𝐠 = − .
𝐑
The negative sign shows the attraction between earth (M) and mass of an object (m).

Q.no:08:
⃑
Prove that 𝐏 = 𝐅. 𝐕

As we know that
W
P=
t
⃑ . ⃑d
F
P=
t
P = F. ⃑V
⃑

Q.no:09:
How energy obtained by water waves and what is the source of its energy?

Q.no:10:
Differentiate b/w Geyser and aquifer?

Page 19 of 26
 Geyser Aquifer
• Geyser is a hot spring, • Aquifer is a rock layer
which discharges steam holding water to
and hot water in air. percolate through it with
• They are present in pressure.
volcanic areas. • Aquifer is a permeable
rock which can contain or
transmit ground water.

Q.no:11:
Write some method to obtain the solar energy?
• To obtain solar energy much higher temperature can be achieved by concentrating solar radiation
on to a small surface area by using huge reflectors (mirror) or lenses to produce steam for
running a turbine.
• The other method is the direct conversion of sunlight into electricity through the use of semi-
conductor device called solar cells also known as photo voltaic cells.

Q.no:12:
Briefly explain escape velocity?
Escape velocity:
"The velocity which is necessary for an object to moves out from earth
gravitational field is called escape velocity".
• Vesc = √2g R
• Its value is 11kms-1.

Q.no:13:
A 70kg man runs up a long flight of stairs in 4sec, the vertical height is 4.5m.
Calculate his power output in watt?

m = 70kg
t = 4sec
h = 4.5m
P= ?
As we know that
work
Power =
time
mgh
=
t
(70)(9.8)(4.5)
=
4
P = 771.75W

Page 20 of 26
Q.no:14:
A car is moving along circular path and end the journey at its starting point.
How much work is done?
Solution:
The work done by a car in a circular path is zero because no displacement covers at the end.
As we know that
W = ⃑F. ⃑d
⃑ . (0)
W=F
W=0 (answer)

Q.no:15:
Write two merits and demerits of solar cell?
Merits of solar cell:
• Renewable energy
• Economy friendly energy
De-merits of solar cell:
• High Investment
• Seasonal Energy

Q.no:16:
Explains methods of direct combustion and fermentation to convert biomass
into fuels?
• Direct combustion:
Direct combustion method is usually applied to get energy from waste
products commonly known as solid waste.
• Fermentation:
Bio-fuel such as ethanol(alcohol) is a replacement of gasoline. It is obtained by
fermentation of biomass using enzymes and by decomposition through bacterial action in the absence of
air(oxygen).

Q.no:17:
State law of conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be destroyed. It can be transformed from one kind into another, but total amount
of energy remains constant.
Total energy = P.E + K.E = constant

Chapter # 5

Circular Motion
Page 21 of 26
Q.no:01:
Show that 𝐒 = 𝐫𝛉.
As we know that
Length
Displacement in radian = radius
S r
θ= r
θ
S = rθ

Q.no:02:
Differentiate b/w linear velocity and angular velocity?
Linear Velocity
• The rate of change of
displacement is called
linear velocity.
• It is denoted by 𝐯⃑
∆𝐝
𝐯⃑ =
𝐭 𝐭
• Its unit is ms-1.
Angular Velocity
• The rate of change of
angular displacement is
called angular velocity.
• It is denoted by w
∆𝛉
𝐰=
• Its unit is rads-1.

Q.no:03:
Define radian, degree and what is the relation b/w them?
Radian:
"The angle made at the centre of the circle by an arc is called radian".
• In a complete circle there are 2π radian.
Degree:
"If we divide the circumference of a circle into 360 equal arcs, then the angle made at the
centre of the circle by one arc is called one degree".
As we know that
2π rad = 360°
360°
1rad =
2π
1rad = 57.3°

Q.no:04:
Define Critical velocity and Find its value?
Critical Velocity:
"The maximum velocity for a satellite to putt in an orbit is called critical
velocity".
• Its value is 7.9kms-1
• Its time period is 5060s or 84min approximately.

Q.no:05:

Page 22 of 26
 Define angular momentum. Give its dimension?
Angular Momentum:
"The momentum of an object during its circular motion is called angular
momentum".
• It is denoted by 𝐋
• 𝐋= 𝐫×𝐏 ⃑
• Its unit is kgm2s-1 or Js.
Dimension:
As we know that
⃑L = r × ⃑P
= r(mv) ⃑ = 𝐦𝐯)
(∴ 𝐏
[L] = [L][M][LT −1 ]
= [ML . LT −1 ]
[L] = [ML2 T −1 ]

Q.no:06:
What is geostationary satellite and what is the height from earth?
Geostationary Satellite:
"Those satellites, which complete its one rotation around earth in 24 hours
is called geostationary satellite".
• They are at 36000km above Earth.

Q.no:07:
Differentiate b/w spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum?
Spin angular momentum Orbital angular momentum
• The momentum of a spinning • The momentum of an object
body is called spin angular when it moves along an orbit
momentum. it is called orbital angular
• It is denoted by 𝐋𝐬 momentum.
• It is denoted by 𝐋𝐨

Q.no:08:
Drive 𝟏 𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧 = 𝟓𝟕. 𝟑°.
As we know that
2π rad = 360°
360°
1rad =
2π
1rad = 57.3°

Q.no:09:
Define radian and find how many degree in one radian?
Page 23 of 26
 Radian:
"The angle made at the centre of a circle by an arc is called radian".
• In a complete circle there are 2π radian.
As we know that
2π rad = 360°
360°
1rad =
2π
1rad = 57.3°

Q.no:10:
Find total kinetic energy of rolling sphere of mass "m" and radius "r"?
Rotational K.E of sphere:
1
(K. E)rot = 2 Iw 2
1 2
= 2 (5 mr 2 ) w 2
2
= mr 2 w 2
10
1
= 5 m(rw)2
1
(K. E)sphere = 5 mv 2 (∴ 𝐯 = 𝐫𝐰)
Total K.E of sphere:
(K. E)total = (K. E)rot + (K. E)linear
1 1
= 5 mv 2 + 2 mv 2
1 1
= mv 2 (5 + 2)
2+5
= mv 2 ( 10 )
7
(K. E)total = 10 mv 2

Q.no:11:
Sate the practical use of rotational K.E by fly wheels?
Rotational K.E is put to practical use by fly wheels, which are essential parts of many engines.
A fly wheel stores energy b/w the power stroke of the piston, so that the energy is distributed over the
full revolution of the crankshaft and hence, the rotation remains smooth.

Q.no:12:
A disc without slipping rolls down a hill of height 10.0m. If the disc starts
from rest at the top of hill, what is the speed at the bottom?
Given data:
Height = 10.0m
Speed = v =?
Solution:
As we know that

Page 24 of 26
 4gh
Vdisc =√ 3

4×9.8×10
=√ 3

= √130.66
Vdisc = 11.4ms−1 (answer)

Q.no:13:
What are the uses of telecommunication satellite?
• Television
• Telephone
• Radio
• Internet
• Military Purposes

Q.no:14:
What is meant by angular momentum?
Angular Momentum:
“The momentum of an object during its circular motion is called angular
momentum”.
• It is denoted by 𝐋
• 𝐋= 𝐫×𝐏 ⃑
• Its unit is kgm2s-1 or Js.

Q.no:15:
What do you mean by INTELSAT? What are the frequencies on which
operate it?
INTELSAT:
INTELSAT stands for International Telecommunication Satellite. Its range of
frequencies are 4,6,11 and 14 GHz.

Q.no:16:
Define geosynchronous satellite and what is the height of such satellite above
the earth?
Geo-Synchronous Satellite:
Geo-Synchronous satellite is the one whose orbital motion is
synchronized with the rotation of earth. They are at 36000km above earth.

Q.no:17:
Describe Newton’s and Einstein views of gravitation?

Page 25 of 26
(Chapter # 6)
Q.no:1:
How does chimney work?
A chimney works best when it is tall and exposed to air currents, which reduces the pressure at
the top and process the upward flow of smoke.

Page 26 of 26