DESCRIBING

PROJECTILE
MOTION
for SCIENCE Grade
9 Quarter 4
Module 1
 OBJECTIVE
S
K. Identify projectile motion, velocity, and acceleration.
S. Describe the horizontal and vertical motions of a projectile
A. Show and illustrate the horizontal and vertical motion of a projectile.

LEARNING COMPETENCY

Describe the horizontal and vertical motions of a projectile.

S9FE-IVa-34

I. WHAT HAPPENED

Hi! I’m Chris. Together with Chammy, we will guide you in this Self Learning Kit (SLK) which
talks about PROJECTILE MOTION!

PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST:
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions.Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1.It is a vector quantity that is defined as the rate at which the
object changes its velocity.
a. acceleration c. velocity
b. projectile motion d. gravity
2.It is defined as a vector measurement of the rate and direction of
motion.
a. acceleration c. velocity
b. projectile motion d. gravity
3. A form of motion experienced by an object or particle that is projected
near the Earth’s surface and moves along a curved path under the action
of gravity only.
a. acceleration c. velocity
b. projectile motion d. gravity
4. It is the force by which the planet or other body draws object toward its
center.
a. acceleration c. velocity
b. projectile motion d. gravity
5. What is the accepted value of acceleration due to gravity?
a. 9.8 m/s b. 9.8 m/s2 c. 9.8 m d. 9.8 s
 II. WHAT I NEED TO LEARN

DISCUSSION

Learners are expected to describe about the motions in two

dimensions, projectile motion. In previous lesson, learners learn about motion
in straight-line. A car moving in a horizontal motion along a straight path and a
stone falling vertically from a fourth building to the ground. But now, how
about objects experiences moving along horizontally and the same time
vertically. This kind of motion is called projectile motion.

Projectile motion is a form of motion experienced by an object or particle

(a projectile) that is projected near the Earth's surface and moves along a
curved path under the action of gravity only (in particular, the effects of air
resistance are passive and assumed to be negligible). This curved path was
shown by Galileo to be a parabola, but may also be a line in the special case
when it is thrown directly upwards. The study of such motions is called
ballistics, and such a trajectory is a ballistic trajectory. The only force of
mathematical significance that is actively exerted on the object is gravity,
which acts downward, thus imparting to the object a downward acceleration
towards the Earth’s center of mass. Because of the object's inertia, no
external force is needed to maintain the horizontal velocity component of the
object's motion. Taking other forces into account, such as aerodynamic
drag or internal propulsion (such as in a rocket), requires additional
analysis.
A ballistic missile is a missile only guided during the relatively brief initial
powered phase of flight, and whose remaining course is governed by the laws
of classical mechanics.

Projectile Fired Horizontally

Consider the cannonball launched by a cannon from the top of a
very high cliff. Suppose that the cannonball is launched horizontally with no
upward angle whatsoever and with an initial velocity of 20 m/s.Velocity is
defines as a vector measurement of the rate and direction of motion. If
there were no gravity, the cannonball would continue in motion at 20 m/s in the
horizontal direction. Yet in actuality, gravity causes the cannonball to
accelerate downwards at a rate of 9.8 m/s/s. This means that the vertical
velocity is changing by 9.8 m/s every second. If a vector diagram (showing the
velocity of the cannonball at 1-second intervals of time) is used to represent
how the x- and y-components of the velocity of the cannonball is changing
with time, then x- and y- velocity vectors could be drawn and their magnitudes
labeled. The lengths of the vector arrows are representative of the
magnitudes of that quantity. Such a diagram is shown below.
 The important concept depicted in the above vector diagram is that the
horizontal velocity remains constant during the course of the trajectory and
the vertical velocity changes by 9.8 m/s every second. These same two
concepts could be depicted by a table illustrating how the x- and y-
component of the velocity vary with time.

Tim Horizontal Vertical

e Velocity Velocity
0 20 m/s 0
1 20 m/s 9.8 m/s down
2 20 m/s 19.6 m/s down
3 20 m/s 29.4 m/s down
4 20 m/s 39.2 m/s down
5 20 m/s 49.0 m/s down

B. Projectile fired at an Angle

But what if the projectile is launched upward at an angle to the
horizontal? How would the horizontal and vertical velocity values change
with time? How would the numerical values differ from the previously shown
diagram for a horizontally launched projectile? The diagram below reveals
the answers to these questions. The diagram depicts an object launched
upward with a velocity of 75.7 m/s at an angle of 15 degrees above the
horizontal. For such an initial velocity, the object would initially be moving
19.6 m/s, upward and 73.1 m/s, rightward. These values are x- and y-
components of the initial velocity and will be discussed in more detail in
the next part of this lesson.

Again, the important concept depicted in the above diagram is that the
horizontal velocity remains constant during the course of the trajectory and
the vertical velocity changes by 9.8 m/s every second. These same two
concepts could be depicted by a table illustrating how the x- and y-
component of the velocity vary with time.

Tim Horizontal Vertical

e Velocity Velocity
0 73.1 m/s, right 19.6 m/s, up
1 73.1 m/s, right
9.8 m/s, up 0
2 73.1 m/s, right 9.8 m/s, down
3 73.1 m/s, right 19.6 m/s, down
4 73.1 m/s, right 29.4 m/s, down
5 73.1 m/s, right 39.2 m/s, down
 6 73.1 m/s, right 49.0 m/s, down
7 73.1 m/s, right

The numerical information in both the diagram and the table above
further illustrate the two key principles of projectile motion - there is a
horizontal velocity that is constant and a vertical velocity that changes by
9.8 m/s each second. As the projectile rises towards its peak, it is slowing
down (19.6 m/s to 9.8 m/s to 0 m/s); and as it falls from its peak, it is
speeding up (0 m/s to 9.8 m/s to 19.6 m/s to ...). Finally, the
symmetrical nature of the projectile's motion can be seen in the diagram
above: the vertical speed one second before reaching its peak is the same
as the vertical speed one second after falling from its peak. The vertical speed
two seconds before reaching its peak is the same as the vertical speed two
seconds after falling from its peak. For non-horizontally launched projectiles,
the direction of the velocity vector is sometimes considered + on the way
up and - on the way down; yet the magnitude of the vertical velocity (i.e.,
vertical speed) is the same an equal interval of time on either side of its
peak. At the peak itself, the vertical velocity is 0 m/s; the velocity vector is
entirely horizontal at this point in the trajectory. These concepts are further
illustrated by the diagram below for a non- horizontally launched projectile
that lands at the same height as which it is launched.

III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

EVALUATION/POST TEST

TRUE OR FALSE
Directions.Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is not.
1. Acceleration is a vector quantity that is defined as the rate at which
the object changes its velocity.
2. At the peak of the projectile motion, the horizontal velocity is 0 m/s.
3. Velocity is defined as a vector measurement of the rate and direction
of motion.
4. Projectile motion is a form of motion experienced by an object or
particle that is projected near the Earth’s surface and moves along a curved
path under the action of gravity only.
5. Speed is the force by which the planet or other body draws object
toward its center.
6. The accepted value of acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2.
7. At the peak of the projectile motion, the vertical velocity is 0 m/s.
8.Objects thrown into the air which follow a curved path (trajectory) and
are independent to each other.
9. A projectile motin is a combination of free fall and horizontal motions
which are independent to each other.
10. To get the maximum range, a projectile should be projected at an
angle 45º. However, in the presence of air resistance, the angle of projection for
the maximum range is less than 45 º.
 HEAT AND
WORK
for SCIENCE Grade
9 Quarter 4
Module 2
 OBJECTIVES
K: State the first and second law of thermodynamics.
S: Explain the transformation of thermal energy to mechanical energy.
A: Mention the disadvantages of burning fossil fuels to generate heat needed by
machines in doing work.

LEARNING COMPETENCY

Construct a model to demostrate that heat can do work.

S9FE-IVe-42.

I. WHAT HAPPENED
Are you confused of the terms heat and
temperature? How does heat produce work? Results of
many experiments have proven that work may be
converted into heat. Experiments have shown also that
the process is reversible. Heat can also be converted into
work although not all because portion of this heat will go
to surroundings. Answer the pre-test in the next page to
refresh your mind about heat, temperature and work.

PRE-ACTIVITY 1. Identifying the Function of Parts of a Coal Powered Electric Plant

Objectives:
1.Identify the parts or components of a Coal Powered
Electric Plant.
2. Explain the role of a steam turbine in electric current
generation
3.List the effect of thermal pollution to humans,
bodies of water and the atmosphere.
Procedure:

Study the
figure on the
right side( Figure
1) and match the
component parts
of column A to
the functions
listed in column
B. Write only the
letter in your
notebook.
PRE – ACTIVITY 2
Read and Analyze

You are probably aware that the major sources of environmental

pollutants are factories, power plants and motor vehicles. All these
have heat engines. The second law of thermodynamics states that
part of the heat is spontaneously transferred from hotter object to
one with a lower temperature. Heat from burning coal to create
steam that drives the turbine transfer some heat to the cooler
environment. Excessive heating of the environment causes thermal
pollution.

What are the effects of thermal pollution to the following:

(Write you answer in your notebook)

A. Body of water like rivers,

B. lakes and seas
C. Atmosphere
D. Living organisms
PRE-TEST.
Directions: Write only the letter that corresponds to the answer in your
notebook.

1. Which of the following quantity tells how hot or cold something is

compared with a standard?
a. heat b. work c. temperature d. joules
2. When a substance absorbs heat, its molecules will
a. expand b. contract c. move closer d. move apart
3. Which of the following quantity is the energy that transfer from one
object to another because of temperature difference between them?
a. heat b. temperature c. work d. joules
4. A device that changes internal energy into mechanical work
a.refregerator c. freezer
b.airconditioner d. heat engine

5. If 20 Joules of energy is added to system that does NO external

work, by how much will the internal energy of that system be
raised?
a. 10 Joules b. 15 Joules c. 40 Joules d. 20 Joules
6. If 20 Joules of energy is added to a system that does 12 Joules of
work of external work, by how much will the internal energy of that
system be raised?
a. 10 Joules b. 15 Joules c. 40 Joules d. 8 Joules
7. Heat will never of itself flow from
a.Hot to cold object c. Objects with the same temperature
b.Cold to hot object d. all of the choices

8. What energy transformation takes place when gasoline burned

inside the motorcycle engine?
a.Chemical energy → heat →mechanical energy + unwanted
heat b.Unwanted heat →mechanical energy→heat→chemical
energy c.Chemical energy→mechanical energy→heat +
unwanted heat d.All of the choices
9. What energy transformation takes place inside a bulb?
a.Electrical energy→chemical energy→light and heat
energy b.Chemical energy→electrical energy→light and
 heat energy c.Electrical energy→light energy and heat
energy
d.All of the choices
10.An apple in a branch with respect to its position from the ground
possess a.Gravitational potential energy c. chemical energy
b.Kinetic energy d. heat energy

II. WHAT I NEED TO LEARN

DISCUSSION
Heat is the energy that flows from one object to another by
virtue of a difference in temperature. It is also the quantity of thermal
energy absorbed or given off by an object. Since heat is a form of
energy, it is measured in joules. Calorie is another unit which
commonly used in measuring heat intake of a particular food product.
The calorie is defined as the amount of heat required to change the
temperature of 1 gram water by 1 Celsius degree.

There is a vast amount of energy locked in this module, for example,

the paper is composed of molecules that are in constant motion. They
have kinetic energy. Due to their interactions with neighboring molecules,
they also have potential energy. The pages can be easily burned, so we
know they store chemical energy, which really electric potential
energy at the molecular level. Heat is energy in transit. According to the
law of consevation of energy, energy cannot be created nor destroyed,
it can be change from one form to another. Enlarging this law to
include heat, we call it the first law of thermodynamics. It is stated in the
following form:

When heat flows to or from a system, the system gains or loses an

amount of energy equal to the amount of heat transferred.
FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

It is really a restatement of the law of conservation of energy.

Specifically, it states that the change in the internal energy of a
closed system is equal to the heat added to the system plus the
work done on the system, and is written as:

In this equation it is important to note the sign conventions,

where a positive value for heat, Q, represents heat added to the
system, and a positive value for work, W, indicates work done on the
gas. If energy were being pulled from the system, as in heat taken
from the system or work done by the system, those quantities would
be negative.

In most cases, you’ll utilize the first law of thermodynamics to

analyze the behavior of ideal gases, which can be streamlined by
analyzing the definition of work on a gas.

If work is force multiplied by displacement, and pressure is force

over area, force can be replaced with pressure multiplied by area.
 The area multiplied by the displacement gives you the change in
volume of the gas. Due to the sign convention that work done on the
gas is positive (corresponding to a decrease in volume), you can write
work as:

W = - PΔV

SAMPLE PROBLEM 1

Question: Five thousand joules of heat is added to a closed system,

which then does 3000 joules of work. What is the net change in the
internal energy of the system?

Given:
Q = 5000 J
W = 3000J
∆U = ?

Formula:

Solution:

∆U = Q + W
∆U = 5000 J – 3000 J
 ∆U = 2000 J

SAMPLE PROBLEM 2

Question: A liquid is changed to a gas at atmospheric pressure

(101,325 Pa). The volume of the liquid was 5×10-6 m3. The volume of
gas is 5×10- 3 m3. How much work was done in the process?

Given:
P = 101,325 Pa
VGAS = 5×10-3 m3
VLIQUID = 5×10-6
m3 W = ?
Pa.m3
Formula: 1 Pa = 1 N/m2 Pa.m3 =
Nm3/m2 1 Nm = 1 J
W = -P GAS VLIQUID) Nm = J
-
(V
Solution:

W = -P (VGAS - VLIQUID)
= - (101,325 Pa) (5×10-3 m3 - 5×10-6 m3)
= - (101,325 Pa) (5×103 m3)
W = - 506. 11 J

When we say system, we mean a well-defined group of atoms,

molecules, particles or object. The system may be the steam in the
boiler that comes in and out of the turbine as what you have seen in
the activity you have answered. It can even be the body of a living
creature. The important point is that we must be able to define what
is contained within the system, and what is outside it.

Work can be changed into heat – simply rub your hands

together briskly. The heat is created then adds to the internal
energy of your hands, making them warmer. Push a heavy box
across the floor. All the work you do in overcoming friction between
the box and floor is completely converted into heat, which warms the
box and floor. But the reverse process, changing heat completely into
work, can never occur. The best that can be done is the conversion of
some heat into mechanical work. This is possible by making a heat
engine. Heat engine is any device that changes internal energy into
mechanical work. The turbine is the heat engine because its
mechanical work of rotating obtained when high temperature steam
passes the blades of the turbine and to the water condensor that has
low temperature.

SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

The second law of thermodynamics tells us that no heat

engine can convert all the heat supplied into mechanical energy. Only
some of the heat can be transfromed into work, with the remainder
expelled in the process. The second law of thermodynamics is stated
as follows:
 When work is done by a heat engine running between two
temperatures, Thot and Tcold, only some input heat at Thot can
be
converted to work, and the rest is expelled at Tcold.

There are several ways by which heat can be converted into

useful work.

1. Our body

When you eat, you are storing energy

in your body. One regular meal can
give you over a hundred thousand
calories of heat. This increases the total
internal energy in the body but only
one-fourth of the heat
is used by our muscles to work. The
much larger heat is used to maintain
internal bodily functions.
Figure 2

2. Steam
Steam is generated when water is heated to
its boiling temperature. Burning coal,
firewood, charcoal, oil or gas to boil water will
make it to evaporate and expands to 1600
times its normal volume. If the water is in a
closed container, the steam ivolved will exert
tremendous pressure. The pressure exerted by
steam can be utilized to do work against the
piston in cylinder of a steam engine, or
Figure 3 against the blades of the steam turbine. In
both cases the expanding steam gives off
energy which is transfromed into work.

3. Burning gasoline or crude oil

Figure 4

When burned, gasoline and other Petroleum products can

 generate a great amount of heat. The heat given off by the burning
gas may be utilized to vaporize a liquid under pressure. The
vaporized liquid is then made to expand and give off heat which is
then converted into work. In the case of a motorcycle engine, the
gasoline is mixed with air in the carburetor which is then injected into
an airtight cylinder. The mixture is then compressed and ignited by a
spark plug. The energy of the expanding gases resulting from the
explosion forces the piston to move down. This moving force is
transmitted to the crankshaft which in turn makes the wheel of the
motorcycle rotate and work is done.

III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

POST TEST
Directions: Answer A and B as indicated. Write all answers in
your notebook.

A. Modified Identification of Terms

Identify the missing letters to form a term that is referred to by the
statement. Write your answer in your notebook.
H T 1. The energy that flows from object to another by
virtue of a difference in temperature.
C ORIE 2. It is the unit of measuring heat intake from foods.
INE IC 3. Energy possessed by molecules that by molecules that
are in constant motion.
_ OT_NT_A _ 4. Energy possessed by molecules due to their
interactions with neighboring molecules.
C_ _MI_ AL 5. Energy stored in substances giving them the
ability to burn or react with other substances.

B. Multiple Choice
Write only the letter of the correct answer.

1. What law in thermodynamics states that when heat flows to

or from a system, the system gains or loses an amount of
energy equal to the amount of heat transfer?
a. Third law c. Law of Conservation of Energy
b. Second law d. First Law of Thermodynamics
2. According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, energy gain
or lose in the system is
a. Equal to the amount of transferred heat c. both A and
B
b. Less than the amount of transferred heat d. none
3. What law of thermodynamics states that heat of itself never
flows from cold object to a hot object?
a. Third law c. Law of Conservation of Energy
b. Second law d. First Law of Thermodynamics
4. According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, heat of
itself NEVER flow from
a. Stove to kettle c. hot object to a cold object
b. Hot oil to fish d. cold object to a hot object
5. Heat can be changed into
a. Matter c. work
b. Energy d. solid
 HEAT ENGINES
for SCIENCE Grade
9 Quarter 4
Module 3
 OBJECTIVES
K: Explain how heat transfer and energy transformation make heat engine work.
S: Describe the parts and function of a heat engine and compare the efficiency
of heat engines.
A: Suggest ways to save energy used in heat engines.

LEARNING COMPETENCY

Explain how heat transfer and energy transformation make

heat engine work. S9FE-IVg-45

I. WHAT HAPPENED
 During ancient times, fire was first produced from the
friction of rubbing together two hard objects. This dicovery
suggested that there is a relation between work and heat.
James Prescott Joules invented an aparatus that showed heat
is really just another form of energy, and that heat is related to
work, or that work is related to heat.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2Fwww.cartoonstock.com%2Fdirectory%2Fancient_man.asp&psi

PRE-TEST
Directions: Identify the missing letters in the blanks to form
answer to the statements.

A. WORD COMPLETION.Write the word answer in your notebook or

answer sheet.
AT ENGINES 1. They convert heat energy into
mechanical work.
S M ENGINES 2. Consist mainly of boiler, steam
chest and a cylinder.
GA NE ENGINE 3. The fuel is compressed and
ignited by a spark plug.
D S L ENGINE 4. The fuel is injected as fine spray
into the cylinder where the air
had been compressed to about
540o Celsius that ignite the fuel.
RE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ OR 5. Remove heat inside the
compartment with low
temperature and release the heat
outside.

B. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write only the letter that corresponds to the answer
in your notebook.
1. Which of the following is the fuel of steam locomotive also known
as railway train in the 1700 AD?
a. Water b. gasoline c. crude oil d. coal
2. Which of the following is the fuel for motorcycle engine?
a.Water b. gasoline c. crude oil d. coal
3. Which of the following is the fuel for heavy equipment like dump
trucks?
 a.Water b. gasoline c. crude oil d. coal

4. What is the basic idea behind any heat engine? a.Mechanical

energy can be obtained from heat energy b.Mechanical energy
can be obtained from potential energy c.Mechanical energy can
be obtained from chemical energy d.All of the above

5. During which stroke in a 4-stroke engine is the temperature the

highest?
a. Power b. Intake c. Compression d. Exhaust

ACTIVITY: FAMILIARIZING FOUR-STROKE CYCLE GASOLINE ENGINE

Objectives:
1. Identify the strokes in gasoline engine.
2. Explain what happen in every stroke.
Procedure:
1. Study the diagram below and explain what happens in
every stroke.
2. Answer the questions in the analysis. Write the answers in
your activity notebook.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%Foards.com%2Fhow-gasoline-engine-works

Analysis:
Please refer to the illustration while answering the questions.
1. What happens to the intake valve during the Intake stroke?
2. What happens to the exhaust valve during the Intake stoke?
3. What happens to Air-fuel mixture during the Intake stroke?
4. In the Compression stroke, what happens to Air-fuel mixture?
5. What happens to the intake and exhaust valves during
Compression stroke?
6. What happens to the intake and exhaust valves during Power
stroke?
7. What burns the fuel during Power stroke?
8. What is the effect of the explosion of fuel during power stroke.
9. During exhaust stroke, what the piston do with the burned gases?
10.What happens to the intake valve during exhaust stroke?
11. What happens to the exhaust valve during exhaust stroke?

II. WHAT I NEED TO LEARN

DISCUSSION
The Diesel Engine Diagram

Dcmotordiagram.piacenciano.it/isuzu-diesel-engine-diagrams/diagram

In the activity that you answered, the diagram tells us that there are
strokes involve in changing the chemical energy of the gasoline into heat
energy and into mechanical energy inside the cylinder of the engine. The
cylinder, piston, connecting rod and the crankshaft are the parts that transform
energy from heat to work.
The diesel diagram above is similar to gasoline engine diagram except for
one process; the way that the fuel is burned. In gasoline engine, the air-fuel
mixture is burned by electric current of the spark plug. In diesel engine, the fuel
is burned by the hot air drawn inside the cylinder. In the intake stroke of diesel
engine, only air is drawn in through the inlet valve while exhaust valve is
closed. In the compression stroke of the piston, the air is heated by
compressing it very tight. If you look at the diagram, the two valves are closed
so no air can escape in the cylinder.When air is hot and compressed, fuel is
injected inside the cylinder. The fuel is ignited by the hot air charge. This is
known as the power stroke where piston moves down and moves up to push
the combustion products to the exhaust valve. This stroke is known as the
exhaust stroke. When exhaust stroke ends, the intake stroke will begin and so
on. The up and down motion of the piston transfers the mechanical energy to
the connecting rod then to the crankshaft, to the gears and finally to the
wheels of the engine.

Heat input is the amount of thermal energy converted to mechanical

energy of the engine. Work output is the amount of work done by the engine.
Mechanical, electrical, chemical and almost all forms of energy usually end up
as thermal energy. But changing thermal energy into other forms is not easy.
This conversion may be done only by using heat engines. Furthermore, only
small fraction of thermal energy can be converted to mechanical energy or
other forms. Thermal energy is mostly dissipated into the environment as
wasted energy.
Another important implication of the second law of thermodynamics
relates to thermal pollution. All heat engines of vehicles like cars, motorcycles,
trucks, airplanes and ships contribute to thermal pollution especially in our
atmosphere. In places where many heat engines are running, the temperature
of the atmosphere of that place is hot.
The lower is the efficiency of the heat engine, the greater is the
engine’s contribution to thermsl pollution.Does walking instead of riding
helps in decreasing thermal pollution? What other option can you suggest
to help reduce thermal pollution?
The effeciency of heat engines
The effeciency, e, of any heat engine can be defined as the ratio of work
it does, W, to the heat input at the high temperature,Qh.
e= W where: e = effeciency W = work
Qh Qh = heat input

Example A:
An outomobile engine has an effeciency of 20% and
produces an average of 23,000 Joules of meachanical work per second
during operation.
How much heat input is required?

Given: W = 23,000 Joules e =

20%
Solution:
𝑤
From equation e =
𝑄ℎ
𝑤
Qh = 23,000 = 115,000 J or 115 kiloJoules
𝑒 𝐽=
0.20
The engine requires 115 kiloJoules/s = 115 kilowatts of heat input.

Example B:
What is effeciency of a machine that produces 23,000 joules of
mechanical work when the heat energy input is 115,000 joules?
Given:
W = 23,000 Joules Qh = 115,000 Joules
Solution: e = W x 100
Qh
= 23,000 Joules x 100
115,000 Joules
= 0.2 x 100
= 20 %

III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

POST TEST
Directions: Answer as indicated.
A. Calculate the efficiency of the heat engine in the table. Make a
similar table in you notebook.

Divide the work output by the heat input and multiply it by 100 to
get the efficiency of the heat engine.

Heat Engine Work Heat Input x 100 Efficiency

Output (Qh) (in
(W) percent)
Heat engine A 50,000 J 100,000 J
Heat engine B 25,000 J 100,000 J
Heat engine C 10,000 J 100,000 J
Heat engine D 5,000 J 100,000 J

B. Multiple Choice
Write only the letter that correcponds to the answer in your notebook.
1. What device part of the gasoline engine burns the fuel during power
stroke of the piston?
 a.Hot air charged c. valve
b.Spark plug d. connecting rod
2. What device part of the diesel engine burns the fuel during power
stroke of the piston?
a.Hot air charged c. valve
b.Spark plug d. connecting rod

3. Which valve of the cylinder in gasoline and diesel engine is OPEN

during intake stroke of the piston?
a. Exhaust valve c. both intake and exhaust valves
b. Intake valve d. none
4. Which valve of the cylinder in gasoline and diesel engine is
CLOSED during compression stroke of the piston?
a. Exhaust valve c. both intake and exhaust valves
b. Intake valve d. none
5. Which valve of the cylinder in gasoline and diesel engine is OPEN
during exhaust stroke of the piston?
a. Exhaust valve c.both intake and exhaust valves
b. Intake valve d.none
6. Which valve of the cylinder in gasoline and diesel engine is
CLOSED during exhaust stroke of the piston?
a. Exhaust valve c. both intake and exhaust valves
b. Intake valve d. none
7. Which of the following appliances removes heat inside its
compartment and transfer this heat outside?
a.Gasoline engine c. refrigerator
b. Diesel engine d. electric fan
8. Which 4-strokes of an internal combustion engine is in correct
order?
a. Intake, compression, power, exhaust
b.Compression, exhaust, intake, power
c.Power, intake, exhaust, compression
d.Intake, power, compression, exhaust
9. An automobile engine is 25% efficient and produce an average of
25,000Joules of mechanical work per second during the operation.
How much heat input is required?
a. 25,000 J b. 50,000J c. 75,000J d. 100,000 J
10. Which statements accurately describes conservation of energy in
terms of heat engines?
a. The energy put into the hot reservoir is equal to the sum of the
work extracted and energy transferred into the cold reservoir.
b. The energy extracted as work is equal to the sum of the energy put
into the hot reservoir and energy transferred into the cold reservoir.
c. The energy transferred into the cold reservoir is equal to the sum of
the heat put into the hot reservoir and the work extracted.
d. The energy put into the hot reservoir is equal to the energy
extracted from the cold reservoir.