3/29/22, 9:32 PM Chapter 1: I/O Psychology Flashcards | Quizlet

Upgrade

Chapter 1: I/O Psychology

Textbook solutions for this set

Psychology
10th Edition
Carolyn Seefer, Mary Ellen Guffey

180 explanations

Search for a textbook or question

Terms in this set (81)

Industrial/Organizational (I/O) Psychology A branch of psychology that applies the principles of psychology to the workplace

Industrial Approach
The two approaches as to how an increase in productivity and well-being of employees
Organizational Approach can be accomplished

The approach that focuses on determining the competencies needed to perform a job,
Industrial Approach staffing the organization with employees who have those competencies, and increasing
those competencies through training

The approach that creates an organizational structure and culture that will motivate
employees to perform well, give them the necessary information to do their jobs, and
Organizational Approach
provide working conditions that are safe and result in an enjoyable and satisfying
work/life environment

Personnel Psychology
The three major fields of I/O Psychology
Organizational Psychology

Human Factors/Ergonomics

The field of study that concentrates on the selection and evaluation of employees. It
Personnel Psychology includes analyzing jobs, recruiting applicants, selecting employees, determining salary
levels, training employees, and evaluating employee performance

The field of study that investigates the behavior of employees within the context of an
organization. It involves the issues of leadership, job satisfaction, employee motivation,
Organizational Psychology
organizational communication, conflict management, organizational change, and group
processes within an organization

A field of study concentrating on the interaction between humans and machines. It

Human Factors includes workplace design, human machine interaction, ergonomics, and physical fatigue
and stress.

Chapter 1: I/O Psychology

https://quizlet.com/127937534/chapter-1-io-psychology-flash-cards/ 1/6
3/29/22, 9:32 PM Chapter 1: I/O Psychology Flashcards | Quizlet

1903
The years in which I/O Psych was generally thought to have started
1910

1911

or early 1900s

The Theory of Advertising

A book written in 1903 where psychology was first applied to business and is thought to
by Walter Dill Scott be the start of I/O Psych

Psychology and Industrial Efficiency

A book written in 1910 but was first published in English in 1913 which is thought to be the
by Hugo Munsterberg start of I/O Psych

Increasing Human Efficiency in Business

A book written in 1911 which is thought to be the start of I/O Psych
by Walter Dill Scott

Economic Psychology
Common terms for the field (I/O Psych) used prior to World War 1
Business Psychology

Employment Psychology

World War 1 When I/O Psych made its first big impact

An intelligence test developed during World War I and used by the army for soldiers
Army Alpha
who can read

An intelligence test developed during the World War I and used by the army for soldiers
Army Beta
who cannot read

Served as a major in the US Army in World War 1 and developed perceptual and motor
John Watson
tests for potential pilots

One of the engineers who helped in increasing the efficiency with which cargo ships
Henry Gantt
were built, repaired, and loaded.

Not an I/O Psychologist but an inventor who understood the importance of selecting the
Thomas A. Edison right employees; Created a 163-item knowledge test that he administered to over 900
applicants (only 5% passed)

The husband and wife team who was among the first to improve productivity and reduce
Frank Gilbreth and Lillian Moller Gilbreth
fatigue by studying the motions used by workers

A series of studies, conducted at the Western Electric plant in Hawthorne, Illinois, that
Hawthorne Studies have come to represent any change in behavior when people react to a change in the
environment

When employees change their behavior due solely to the fact that they are receiving
Hawthorne Effect
attention or are being observed

A 1971 book which included the development of many theories about employee behavior
Beyond Freedom and Dignity

and motivation; Result in the increased use of behavior-modification techniques in

by B.F. Skinner
organizations

Chapter 1: I/O Psychology

https://quizlet.com/127937534/chapter-1-io-psychology-flash-cards/ 2/6
3/29/22, 9:32 PM Chapter 1: I/O Psychology Flashcards | Quizlet

(1) Increased use of fairly sophisticated statistical Four major changes in I/O Psychology in the 1980s and 1990s
techniques and methods of analysis;

(2) A new interest in the application of cognitive

psychology to industry;

(3) Increased interest in the effects of work on family

life and leisure activities;

(4) A renewed interest in developing methods to select

employees

Rapid advances in technology The greatest influence on I/O Psychology in the 2000s

(1) Rapid advances in technology

Important factors impacting I/O Psychology in the 2000s
(2) Changing demographic makeup of the workforce
(Diversity issues)

(3) Global Economy

(1) Colleges and Universities

Four settings where I/O Psychologists typically work in
(2) Consulting Firms

(3) Private Sector

(4) Public Sector

Graduate Record Exam (GRE) A standardized admission test required by most psychology graduate schools

Master's Programs
Two types of Graduate Programs
Doctoral Programs

Terminal Master's Degree Programs Graduate programs that offer a master's degree but not a Ph.D

A situation in which a student works for an organization, either for pay or as a volunteer,
Internship
to receive practical work experience

A paid or unpaid position with an organization that gives a student practical work
Practicum
experience

Dissertation A formal research paper required of most doctoral students in order to graduate

(1) Research ultimately saves organizations money

Reasons for conducting research
(2) Research confronts us on an almost daily basis

(3) Common sense is often wrong

Decide what to research The first step in conducting research

Hypothesis An educated prediction about the answer to a research question

Theory A systematic set of assumptions regarding the cause and nature of behavior

Exploratory Study A research study that has no hypothesis

Search the literature for similar research The next step in conducting research once a research idea has been created

Chapter 1: I/O Psychology

https://quizlet.com/127937534/chapter-1-io-psychology-flash-cards/ 3/6
3/29/22, 9:32 PM Chapter 1: I/O Psychology Flashcards | Quizlet

(1) Journals
Four types of periodicals
(2) Bridge Publications

(3) Trade Magazines

(4) Magazines

A written collection of articles by researchers describing the methods and results of new
Journals
research

Designed to "bridge the gap" between academia and the applied world; Articles are
Bridge Publications usually written by professors about a topic of interest to practitioners, but not as formal
or statistically complex as articles in journals

A collection of articles for those "in the biz", about related professional topics, seldom
Trade Magazines directly reporting the methods and results of new research; Usually written by
professional writers who have developed expertise in a given field

Magazines An unscientific collection of articles about a wide range of topics

Decide the location of the study (Lab or Field) The next step in conducting research after reviewing literature

The extent to which research results can be expected to hold true outside the specific
External Validity/Generalizability
setting in which they were obtained; Disadvantage of laboratory research

Field Research Research conducted in a natural setting as opposed to a laboratory

Loses control of extraneous variables Disadvantage of Field Research

Informed Consent The formal process by which subjects give permission to be included in a study

Institutional Review Boards A committee designated to ensure the ethical treatment of research subjects

Determine the research method to be used The next step after deciding the location for the research

(1) Experiments
Types of Research Methods (6)
(2) Quasi-Experiments

(3) Archival Research

(4) Observations

(5) Surveys

(6) Meta-analyses

The result of a well-controlled experiment about which the researcher can confidently
Cause-and-Effect Relationships
state that the independent variable caused the change in the dependent variable

A type of research study in which the independent variable is manipulated by the

Experiment
experimenter

(1) Manipulation
Two characteristics that define an experiment
(2) Random Assignment of Subjects

The alteration of a variable by an experimenter in expectation that the alteration will

Manipulation
result in a change in the dependent variable

Chapter 1: I/O Psychology

Independent Variable The manipulated variable in an experiment

https://quizlet.com/127937534/chapter-1-io-psychology-flash-cards/ 4/6
3/29/22, 9:32 PM Chapter 1: I/O Psychology Flashcards | Quizlet

The measure of behavior that is expected to change as a result of changes in the

Dependent Variable
independent variable

In an experiment, the group of subjects that receives the experimental treatment of

Experimental Group
interest to the experimenter

A group of employees who do not receive a particular type of training so that their
Control Group
performance can be compared with that of employees who do receive training

Research method in which the experimenter either does not manipulate the independent
Quasi-Experiments
variable or in which subjects are not randomly assigned to conditions

Archival Research Research that involves the use of previously collected data

Used in meta-analysis, a statistic that indicates the amount of change caused by an

Effect Size
experimental manipulation

Used in meta-analysis, a statistic that is the average of the effect sizes for all studies
Mean Effect Size
included in the analysis

A statistic, resulting from performing a correlation, that indicates the magnitude and
Correlation Coefficients
direction of a relationship

A type of effect size used in meta-analysis that is signified by the letter 'd' and indicates
Difference Score how many standard deviations separate the mean score for the experimental group from
the control group

Practical Significance The extent to which the results of a study have actual impact on human behavior

Decide regarding the size, composition, and method of The next step in conducting research after determining the type of research method to
selecting subjects be used

A sample in which every member of the relevant population had an equal change of
Random Sample
being chosen to participate in the study

Convenience Sample A nonrandom research sample that is used because it is easily available

The random, unbiased assignment of subjects in a research sample to the various

Random Assignment
experimental and control conditions

Run the study and collect data The next step in conducting research after deciding the subject sample

Informing the subject in an experiment about the purpose of the study in which he or she
Debriefed
was a participant and providing any other relevant information

Statistical Analysis The next step in conducting research after collecting data

Correlation A statistical procedure used to measure the relationship between two variables

Intervening Variable A third variable that can often explain the relationship between two other variables

Correlation Coefficient The result of correlational analysis

Chapter 1: I/O Psychology
https://quizlet.com/127937534/chapter-1-io-psychology-flash-cards/ 5/6
3/29/22, 9:32 PM Chapter 1: I/O Psychology Flashcards | Quizlet

False. The further the correlation coefficient is from T or F: The nearer the correlation coefficient is from zero, the greater the relationship
zero, the greater the relationship between two variables between two variables

Type A
Two types of ethical dilemmas
Type B

Ethical dilemma wherein there is a high level of uncertainty as to what is right or wrong;
Type A Dilemma
there appears to be no best solution

Also called rationalizing dilemmas; The difference between right and wrong is much
Type B Dilemma
clearer but individuals choose the solution that is most advantageous to themselves

https://quizlet.com/127937534/chapter-1-io-psychology-flash-cards/ 6/6