PHOTOGRAPHY ― viewfinder type camera with added focus

abilities that make it an ideal camera for

― The word photography comes from two ancient Greek vacation and travel snapshots.
words: ― very simple, straight forward way of
 photo, for "light," and recording imagery and do not allow the
 graph, for "drawing." photographer as much freedom in decision
 Therefore, a literal translation of Photography is making as the SLR camera.
Drawing with light.
When a photograph is made, light or some other form
of radiant energy, such as an X- ray, is used to record
a picture of an object or scene on a light-sensitive
surface.
― The process, activity and art of creating still or moving
pictures
OBSCURA 
―Is the camera image-forming device,
―photographic film or a silicon electronic image 2. The SLR (Single Lens Reflex) / Film
sensor is the sensing medium. Camera
― Photography is widely recognized as a fine art. ― light passing through the lens is reflected by
― A photographer creates a picture by a process of selection. a mirror and brought to focus on a ground
glass.
USES OF PHOTOGRAPHY: ― The mirror causes a reversal of the image
1. Military, police, and security forces use photography seen, but a special device called a
for surveillance, recognition and data storage. pentaprism flips the image so that it is
2. Used by amateurs to preserve memories of favorite recorded upright on the film negatives.
times, to capture special moments, to tell stories, to ― There are many different brands and types
send messages, and as a source of entertainment. of SLR cameras.
― Brands include: Pentax, Nikon, Canon,
PHOTOGRAPHY STYLES Fuji, and many more.
1. Pictorialism ― Some of the older models are manual focus
― is a photographic style that tries to match the (this is fine!) while newer models offer both
achievement of realistic painting. manual fully automatic options
2. Straight Photography
― wants to capture things they are, even at the risk of 3. Digital SLR Cameras
representing ugliness, revealing the world as it really
is.
3. Symbolism
― is interested in the symbolic meanings their images
evoke.
4. Documentarism
― portrays the world that is disappearing slowly or
quickly. Pictures must be captured at the most intense
moment. ― ― are very similar to film SLR cameras
― They have the same settings but instead of
ABOUT TODAY’S PHOTOGRAPHY recording your image on film, the light hits
a light sensitive electronic board that
 Today, photography has become a powerful means of processes
communication and a mode of visual expression that the image
touches human life in many ways. For example, and stores it
photography has become popular as a means of recording on your
memories.    memory
 Most of the billions of photographs taken today are card.
snapshots--casual records to document personal events
such as vacations, birthdays, and weddings.

OTHER TYPES:

Mirrorless Cameras
―Mirrorless cameras are the latest in professional
cameras
TYPES OF CAMERAS: ―they are basically more compact DSLRs without the
1. Point and Shoot Cameras / Compact internal
Digital Cameras mirror that
reflects
light onto
the sensor.
Action Cameras
― Common
action
 cameras like the GoPro can fit in the palm of
your hand, but they’re some of the most durable
and versatile types of digital cameras that offer
very high-resolution output even while the
device carrier is in motion.
― This type of camera allows you to capture
impressive wide-angle photos and videos with
sound from almost any angle and environment,
whether underwater or on top of a mountain.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS:
Shutter Speed – is a common term used to
discuss exposure time, the effective length of time
a camera's shutter is open. 
Aperture – determines the amount of light that is
admitted through the opening of a camera.
Telephoto Lens – also known as zoom lenses, a
specialized lens that is specific to magnifying images
from a long distance.
Wide Angle Lens – a lens that has a cover angle of
60˚ or more, thus capturing images on a much wider
scale.
Rule Of Thirds – a compositional rule of thumb

TIPS for GOOD PHOTOS

1. Look your subject in the eye
2. Use a plain background
3. Use flash outdoors
4. Move in close
3. 360 Cameras 5. Move it from the middle
6. Lock the focus
― The 360-degree camera takes half dome to full-circle
7. Know your flash's range
panoramic photos and videos using back-to-back lenses.
8. Watch the light
― Like action cameras, some of
9. Take some vertical pictures
them are also water resistant
10. Be a picture director
and mountable on many
surfaces, such as on top of
cars, helmets, or drones.
― Above all, they take the
most realistic pictures and
videos with stunning PHOTOGRAPHY COMPOSITION
panoramic views that you can truly immerse yourself in,
COMPOSITION
virtual reality style.
The term “composition” applies not only to visual arts,
4. Camera Phone but to music, dance, literature and virtually any other
― is a mobile phone which is able to capture photographs kind of art. In certain contexts, such as writing, this
and often record video using one or more built-in term may not be as widely used, but is just as valid
digital cameras. nonetheless.
“PUTTING TOGETHER”
making elements and principles work together
COMPOSITION AND THE ELEMENTS
“composition” describes placement of relative objects
and elements in a work of art. Consequently,
composition is a key aspect of a good work of art... “
A good composition is one that has just enough detail.
Too few elements is bad because it robs the work of art
of necessary detail that makes correct interpretation
possible. It also ruins the balance of an image.
too many elements can be very distracting as well.
FILM VS DIGITAL
Good composition requires good balance. It is best to
The great debate on Film Cameras or Digital
Cameras. make sure all the elements present are necessary for
the idea or story you are trying to pass on.
COMPOSITION is a way of guiding the viewer’s eye
towards the most important elements of your work,
sometimes – in a very specific order. A good
composition can help make a masterpiece even out of
the dullest objects and subjects in the plainest of
environments.
EVERY GOOD PHOTOGRAPH IS . . .
1. Dramatic : Offering unique storytelling appeal
2. Creative : Shot with various composition techniques
3. Flawless : Having impeccable technical quality
 ― Rough, smooth, bumpy, gooey, sharp,
STORYTELLING POWER etc.
― Interesting and intriguing photos . . . ― Adds interest! Sense of sight and sense of
1. Cover every angle touch involved.
2. Freeze action
3. Express emotion
4. Show conflict
5. Illuminate personalities
6. Establish relationships
DIVERSIFY STORYTELLING PHOTO CONTENT:
1. Action COLOR
2. Reaction Artistic term is HUE
3. Scrapbook Need light to see color.
4. Illustrations Primary, Secondary, Intermediates.
Use color schemes to enhance appeal or make impact.

APPLYING THE PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN IN

PHOTOGRAPHY
The different arrangements – or compositions - of the
USING THE ELEMENTS ELEMENTS OF of design to create artistic, interesting, more
VISUAL ART visually powerful photographs.
IN PHOTOGRAPHY
1. LINE EMPHASIS / FOCAL POINT
― A mark made by a moving point. Emphasis in a composition refers to developing points
― Has greater length than width. of interest to pull the viewer's eye to important parts of
― Directs the eye – horizontal, vertical, the body of the work.
diagonal, curvy, zig-zag, etc. Size, shape, color, placement, contrast, etc.
― Can be actual obvious lines or the bordersVARIETY
or
edges of shapes Variety is all of the different elements in the photograph
2. SHAPE / FORM Variety adds interest to the work and keeps the viewer’s
― A contained area. eyes moving around the piece
― Can be GEOMETRIC (man-made) ex. BALANCE
Square, triangle, circle, etc. Balance is a sense of stability in the body of work.
― Can be ORGANIC (natural) ex. Leaves, Balance can be created by repeating same shapes and by
humans, puddles, etc. creating a feeling of equal weight.
― Shapes are 2-Dimensional and flat. (circle) Symmetrical
― Forms are 3-Dimensional with height, width Asymmetrical
and depth. (sphere) Radial
― Used to create a sense of space and USE OF BALANCE
substance. ― Many times, a smaller object can counter
3. SPACE balance a larger object within a composition
― The area used or unused in a composition.
― Positive space (occupied space) – the areaUNITY
the objects/subject takes up. Unity is seen in a composition when all the parts equal a
― Negative space (unoccupied space) – the whole.
area around, under, through and between.CONTRAST
― Gives the photo a 3-dimensional feeling - Contrast refers to the opposites and differences in the
Depth of Field work.
― Foreground (closest) bottom You can achieve contrast / variety by using different
― Middle ground – middle elements in your work, such as:
― Background (farthest) – top  Shapes
― Can be open, crowded, near, far, etc.  Textures
Atmospheric Perspective  Colors
a) Objects close = detailed, bright, sharp  Values 
b) Objects far = blurred, dull/gray MOVEMENT / RHYTHM
One point perspective Movement adds excitement to your work by showing
a) One vanishing point action and directing the viewers eye throughout the
2 point perspective picture plane.
a) 2 vanishing points Rhythm is a type of movement in an artistic
4. VALUE composition. It is seen in repeating of shapes and colors.
― Black and White and all the Grays in betweenAlternating lights and darks also give a sense of rhythm. 
― Dark to Light PATTERN / REPETITION
― Can add drama and impact to composition. An element that occurs over and over again in a
― Can give a sense of timelessness composition.
― Train your eye to read color as Black and Can repeat the element in a consistent pattern.
White! Can repeat the element in a variation of the pattern.
5. TEXTURE
― The surface quality.
― How an object feels, or how it looks like
it feels.
 Sometimes the focal point of your image is front and
center, and this is when you can use the direct shot.
― It is clear what the subject of the photograph is,
Elements Principles CONCEPTS
Line Emphasis Rule of Thirds
― Shape/Form Balance Vantage Point
(birds eye,
PHOTOGRAPHY COMPOSITIONAL worms eye,
CONCEPTS direct)
― Space Unity angles, close up,
1. Rule of Thirds long view
― The Rule of Thirds is based on the fact that― Value Contrast Framing
the human eye is naturally drawn to a point― Texture Movement/ Silhouette
about two-thirds up (or down) a page. Rhythm
A. Golden Rule (of Thirds) ― Color Pattern/ Dutch Angle
― It has been found that certain points in a Repetition
picture's composition automatically attract Economy
the viewer's attention. the brown plant past its prime, an early bloomer
― Similarly, many natural or man-made perhaps stripped of its colorful flowers while the
objects and scenes with certain proportions colorful flowers in the background sing, but
(whether by chance or by design) remain where they are—in the background.
automatically please us. 3. PROFILE
― Leonardo da Vinci investigated the principleA profile shot features the side of the subject, as
that underlies our notions of beauty and opposed to the front. It’s easier to understand this
harmony and called it the Golden Section. concept with a portrait of a person’s face or body turned
B. Natural tendency to be drawn to certain to the side.
portions of an artwork/composition In this shot, the expression on the man’s face is evident,
― Adds a great deal of interest when placed: though no longer the focal point because his head is
― At the 4 intersecting points turned away. Because his expression is not the main
― One section of the Thirds focus of the picture, we can focus on other things the
― Oppose the direction a figure is facing photographer intends to bring out, like how the subject
rests between the tree trunks that frame him, his greater
2. ANGLES / VANTAGE POINT gesture of how he stands beyond the expression on his
― Gives your photograph a unique/more face.
interesting view BIRD'S EYE VIEW
A bird’s eye view need not literally be taken from up in
― Drastically different than the usual 5-6 feet
the sky—it just refers to a shot where the camera is
off the ground positioned above the subject being photographed.
― Bird’s eye view In this shot, the cacti were below the photographer, and
― Worm’s eye view the shot reflects this sense of looking down.
― Direct approach This shot would look different if taken from the same
― Angled approach level as the cacti flower buds—it would become a direct
shot at that point.
― Close up
WORM'S EYE VIEW
― Long view Worm’s eye view shots are often fun to shoot—point
― In photography, vantage points refer to the your camera up to the sky, or up in any case and see
perspective (high angle, low angle, straight what you can find! If these sunlit leaves were at the
angle etc.) in which photos are taken. For same height as the photographer it would look
many of us, we tend to shoot at eye-level completely different than looking at them from this
vantage point, where the subject is clearly above the
and rarely think to lay on the ground or
camera.
hover over our subject.  FRAMING
― Vantage points are a great way to practice Direct the viewers attention to the primary subject
perspective and make us aware on how our Creates the illusion of depth
body is position during a photo shoot. Can obscure unwanted objects in foreground/background
Can be naturally occurring
Tight framing
Wide framing
Using an object as a frame

a. LONG-SHOT  Framing the subject

― The long-shot, the opposite of the close-up, it allows the ― Use the edge of the scene to draw attention
photographer to step back and frame from afar. Think to the subject.
about how this photograph would be different if the bird 7. SILHOUETTE
was zoomed in—the picture would not be about the bird ― Conveys drama, mood, mystery
as part of a larger scene—it would just be about how
― Simplifies a busy composition
that bird looks. Long shots are great for capturing larger
― Place your subject(s) in front of an interesting
scenes, or for capturing how a subject looks in a larger
light source
environment.
8. DUTCH ANGLE
b. DIRECT SHOT
― Horizon line is angled
― Creates a more dynamic composition
― Creates feeling of disorientation
― Canted, Oblique, German, or Batman angle

SUMMARY