Serious Fun

Serious Fun
Engaging Academic English
James C. Jensen
Global Stories Press
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Serious Fun
Engaging Academic English
Fifth Edition
Copyright ©️ Global Stories Press
Written by James C. Jensen
Published by Global Stories Press

globalstoriespress@gmail.com
Printed in Korea
The author would like to acknowledge the following people:

Ted Ostis for his unselfish support and advice.
Bill White and Carlos Ramirez for their support.
Elisabeth Fernandez for adding her lovely voice to
the Model Conversations.
Mark Hawking for his help and patience.
Thanks to all.
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Contents
Unit 1 Social Sciences .......................................................4
Unit 2 United Nations .....................................................11
Unit 3 Countries ..............................................................18
Unit 4 Culture ..................................................................25
Unit 5 Language ...............................................................32

Unit 6 Globalization ........................................................39
Unit 7 Earth ......................................................................46
Unit 8 Cities ......................................................................54
Unit 9 Money ....................................................................62
Unit 10 Media ...................................................................69

Unit 11 Heart and Mind ..................................................77
Unit 12 Energy ..................................................................84
Part B ..................................................................................90
Extra Activities ................................................................100
YouTube Channels: Serious Fun Text

SFXtras
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1 Social Sciences
1. Quiz
Answer the questions below, then compare your answers with a partner.
1. “Supply and demand” are important in the study of

a) history. b) art. c) economics. d) philosophy.
2. Sociology is the study of

a) the earth. b) society. c) languages. d) politics.
3. “Primitive” cultures are studied mainly by

a) psychologists. b) economists. c) ecologists. d) anthropologists.
4. If -ology means “the study of,” the “psych-” in psychology means

a) body. b) science. c) mind. d) religion.
5. A lingua franca is
a) a resort. b) a language used for international communication. c) pasta.
6. If you studied the constitution of a country you would be a/an

a) ecologist. b) economist. c) political scientist. d) philosopher.
7. The initials U.N. stand for

a) undernourished. b) United Nations. c) United Nationals.
8. Japan is a/an
a) developed country. b) developing country. c) underdeveloped country.
2. Listening: Social Sciences
Listen and write the missing words. Then listen and check the answers. (CD Track 1)
The answer to the first question is ________. Economics examines how _________ is made and
distributed. “Supply and demand” is an important ___________in economic theory. The answer to number 2
is _________. Sociology _________ human social life. Anthropologists, in _________3, study
“primitive societies,” or societies that are not economically or technologically developed. Psychology is the
study of _________, so number 4 is _______. The term “lingua franca” may ________ ______ a pasta or
maybe even a resort, but it is a language used for international communication. The answer to number 5 is
________. A constitution ________ the laws for a government. Number 6 is _______. In number 7, U.S.A.
stands _________ the United States of America, Y.M.C.A. stands for the Young Men’s Christian
Association, and U.N. stands for the United Nations, so the answer to number 7 is ________. The answer to
question eight is _______. Japan is a developed country.
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3. Read and Exchange Information
You will read about one of the social sciences. Be prepared to answer questions about your reading and to
ask questions about other readings.
Sociology
What do sociologists study?
What is an example of what sociologists study?
What does sociology emphasize?
Anthropology
What do anthropologists study?
What is an example of what anthropologists study?
What does anthropology emphasize?
Political Science
What do political scientists study?
What is an example of what political scientists study?
What does political science emphasize?
Economics
What do economists study?
What is an example of what economists study?
What does economics emphasize?
Psychology
What do psychologists study?
What is an example of what psychologists study?
What does psychology emphasize?
A Riddle.
What are two things people never eat before breakfast?
Divide the words to find the answer:

ThETWotHingsthatarenevereatenbefOREbreakfastarelunCHAnDDinNer.
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4. Language Focus: Questions
4.1 Put the words in order to form questions. Then match the question with the answers.
1. last / weekend / fun / was ? Yes, it is.
2. you / Saturday / theater / go / did / to / the ? New York.
3. your / is / what / number / telephone ? Yes I can, but not well.
4. teacher / your / isn’t / that / there / over ? Yes, it was fun.
5. book / favorite / is / about / what / your ? It is about sports.
6. come / do / where / you / from ? No, I didn’t.
7. instrument / a / you / play / can / musical ? 090 8577 8597.
Now ask your partner the questions.
4.2 What Is The Question? A

B go to page 90.
Tell your partner the answer. Your partner guesses the question. There are many possible correct questions.
For example: Ans: 4
Q: What is 2+2? or How many seasons are there?
1. Ans: The Nile
Q: What is the longest river in the world?
2. Ans: December 25th
Q: When is Christmas?
3. Ans: Portuguese
Q: What language is spoken in Portugal (or Brazil)?
4. Ans: Paris
Q: What is the capital of France?
5. Ans: 26 letters
Q: How many letters does the English alphabet have?
6. Ans: Mt. Everest
Q: What is the tallest mountain in the world?
7. Ans: Nara
Q: Where was Japan’s first capital?
8. Ans: Yes, I have.
Q: Have you ever…
9. Ans: Nine.
Q: How many players are there on a baseball team?
10. Ans: The Hanshin Tigers
Q: What team plays in Koshien Stadium?
Take a break and laugh.

Mother: “Did you enjoy your first day at school?”
Daughter: “First day? Does that mean I have to go again?”
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5. Conversation Builder 1: Questions
Starting a Conversation with a Stranger
Greeting and a question: Good morning. Are you waiting for flight 731?
Self-introduction: Excuse me / Let me introduce myself / My name is…
Tag question: Great show, isn’t it? / It’s hot today, isn’t it?
To change topics use
By the way…
Closing a Conversation
I have to go. / It was nice/good talking with you.
5.1 Read and practice the Model Conversation. (CD Track 2)
5.2 Follow the cues below to create a conversation with your partner.
A: Greet B
B: Greet A A: Hello.
A: Introduce yourself / Ask a question B: Hi.
A: Excuse me, I’m a student going to America.
B: Answer
Are you waiting for the airplane to San
A: Ask a question
Francisco?
B: Answer / Change the subject / Ask a question B: Yes, I am.
A: Answer A: What time can we get on the plane?
B: Ask a question B: Uhh. At three o’clock. In about 20 minutes. By
A: Answer / Close the conversation the way, why are you going to San Francisco?
B: End A: I will study English.
B: How long will you stay?
A: I’ll stay for 1 month. Sorry, I have to go buy a
magazine.
B : Okay. See you later.
A: See you.
Ask your partner:
What makes him or her laugh?

What is his or her hobby?
When does he or she feel relaxed?
How many hours a week does he or she study?
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6. Choose Four Questions: Ask Four People
Choose four questions and write them on a piece of paper. Then walk around and ask four different people.
Write their answers in full sentences.
1. When are you happiest?

2. What time do you usually wake up?
3. Who is the tallest in your family?
4. Do you prefer coffee or tea?
5. What country do you admire? Why?
6. What is a good part-time job for students?
7. Were you in a high school club?
8. What is your favorite food?
9. What job do you want after you graduate?
10. How many pens do you have with you right now?
11. What is your favorite day?
12. How often do you play sports?
13. Can you play a musical instrument?
14. How many brothers and sisters do you have?
7. All About Numbers A

1. Listen and circle the number you hear.
12 / 20 18 / 80 13 / 30 117 / 170 15,000 / 50,000 440 / 414
2. Say these numbers. B will write them. B go to page 90.
12,532 50,500 17 150 25,250 14,440 90 115 115,550
3. Now write the numbers B says.
8. S2S Dictation A
Read the paragraph below to your partner. Write what your partner reads. B go to the top of p. 90.
(Use “How do you spell...” if needed.)
Sociology came to Japan from Europe shortly after the Meiji Restoration of 1868. E. Fenollosa, an
American professor, first taught sociology at the University of Tokyo in 1878. Three years later, Masakazu
Toyama began teaching at the same university. In 1893, he became the first professor of sociology in Japan
and is regarded as the founder of Japanese sociology.
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9. Reading 1
9.1 Match the word with its definition then put them into the text. Be careful of the form.
1. society a….what you get when you graduate

2. degree b….the study of crime
3. questionnaire c….publications, usually on a special subject
4. criminology d….an organized group of people
5. behavior e….the way someone acts
6. journals f….watch or observe
7. ancient g….very old
8. monitor h….a list of questions
The Social Sciences
The social sciences are concerned with __________ and human behaviors. “Social science” refers to
many fields outside of the natural sciences. These include: anthropology, __________, economics, politics
and international relations, psychology and sociology. Social scientists use many methods to learn about
social _________. They may question people by using surveys and __________, or they might just look at
one person’s social experience. Social scientists might __________ what is happening right now on a city
street or look at __________ documents. The social sciences not only study people and society but also the
relationship between people and the natural environment. There are many academic __________ in social
sciences and most universities offer __________ in the social sciences.
9.2 Vocabulary Practice. Choose the correct word from the list above for the following sentences.
Use the correct form.
1. He wants to get his __________ so he can start working.

2. The teacher was angry because the child’s __________ was very rude.
3. He says art reflects the values of the _________.
4. My father is in the hospital. The doctor wants __________ his condition.
5. Every term the students complete a __________ about the class.
6. He is a policeman who studied __________ at university.
7. Magazines, diaries and newspapers are all examples of __________.
8. Archeologists study __________ Egypt and other early civilizations.
What year was Dotombori dug?
Dividethe words for the answer.

ITwaSdUginsiXtEentWelvE.
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10. 6AW 1 Quiz
Go to YouTube:“Serious Fun Text.” Watch 6AW 1 and take the quiz. Watch again to check your score!
1. The author travelled for a ) six months. b) a year. c) six years.

2. The author is a) an Australian. b) British. c) an American.
3. Bibiana is a) a girl. b) a yacht. c) a pet.
4. Bibana is a) blue. b) friendly. c) a second-language learner.
5. How much time did the author spend in the Caribbean? a) three days b) three weeks c) three months
6. “I am broke” means a) I have no money. b) I broke a bone. c) I can’t hear.
7. The author says he got very sick. He had a) a cold and fever. b) hepatitis and malaria.
c) neuritis and neuralgia.
8. The author talked to his mother on Skype. a) true b) false
9. The author returned to Germany after visiting Israel. a) true b) false c) the video doesn’t say
10. On his way home, the author a) flew to New York. b) hitchhiked from Europe. c) sailed
11. Some Fun (Answers on page 90)
brunch left wind bow-wow foot motel tear Wensday lead radar
woman splat bow eigthy close NASA NOON absteminous crash
1. Find a word that reads the same backwards, forwards and upside-down.
2. Find two words that are misspelled.
3. Find five words which can have different meanings and pronunciations although the spelling is the same.
4. Two acronyms, e.g. AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome).
5. Find two words that are made by putting two other words together.
6. Find a word that means both “remaining” and “went.” It has another meaning as well.
7. Find a word that has all the vowels.
8. Find two onomatopoeic words.
9. Find what dogs sound like in English.
10. Find two words with irregular plurals.
Review Questions
1. What do sociologists study?
2. Who studies “primitive” societies?
3. What does “-ology” mean?
4. If “astro” means “star,” what is astrology?
5. If you wanted to understand how a government works, what would you study?
6. What do social scientists use to gather information?
7. Which of the social sciences is about the way money is made or is earned?
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2 United Nations
1. Ask Your Partner A
Trivia. Choose the correct question word and then ask your partner the question. B go to page 91. The
correct answer is followed by x.
1. What / How high is Mt. Fuji? a) about 3,776 meters x b) 5,200 meters c) about 2,570 meters
2. How / What far is Tokyo from Osaka? a) 1,000 kilometers b) about 500 km. x c) 750 km.
3. When / What country was Bob Marley from? a) Brazil b) the USA c) Jamaica x
4. How / What do you say “United Nations” in Japanese?
5. When / What year did Perry visit Japan? a) 1940 b) 1853 x c) 1776
6. How many / Where prefectures are there in Japan? (47)
7. What / How many Tokugawa Shogun were there? (15)
8. Is / Are there stars on the Japanese flag? (No, of course not)
9. How many / What days are there in one year? (365, except in leap years when there are 366)
10. How much / How many countries are in the EU? a) 10 b) 28 x c ) 75
2. Listening: The United Nations
Listen and write in the missing words. (CD Track 3)
The United Nations (UN) is an important international organization. It began in _______ with _______
members and now has _________ members. Japan joined the UN in ________. The UN headquarters are
in New York City. The main goals of the UN are to keep international peace, to protect human rights, and
to help __________ countries. For peacekeeping, the UN has a force of peacekeepers. These soldiers come
from various countries and are not expected to fight. They are there to help maintain peace when it has been
established. In January ________ the UN had over ________ peacekeepers. There were ________
Japanese peacekeepers. The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) is a _________ agency that helps
mothers and children in developing countries. The United Nations High Commission for Refugees
(UNHCR) has won the Nobel Peace Prize __________ for its work with refugees.
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Be prepared to answer questions about your reading and to ask questions about other readings.
Security Council
What is the purpose of the Security Council?
How many members are there?
How many permanent members are there?
Where does the Security Council meet?
The WFP
What does WFP stand for?
What does the WFP do?
How many people did it help in 2018?
How many countries are the WFP in?
World Heritage Sites
What is a World Heritage site?
When was the program started?
What country has the most sites?
How many sites are there in Japan?
UNESCO
What is the purpose of UNESCO?
When was the first meeting?
When did Japan join?
Where are the UNESCO headquarters?
UNICEF
What does UNICEF stand for?
What does it do?
How many countries does UNICEF operate in?
How long has UNICEF been operating?
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4. Language Focus: Questions with "How."
If you ask about the quality of an adjective, use how, plus the adjective, plus be. E.g., “How tall is your
teacher?” If you ask about an action, how follows the wh- question pattern. E.g., “How do you make an
omelette?”
How tall is/are ... How long does it take to ...
How much is ... How do you ...
4.1 Pair Practice. One partner ask the even questions and the other partner ask the odd questions.
1. How many players are there on a basketball team?
2. How old is Shohei Ohtani?
3. How long does it take to get to Tokyo from here?
4. How do you come to school?
5. How many pens and pencils do you have?
6. How much does a Big Mac cost?
7. How long is this class?
8. How many letters are in the English alphabet?
9. How often do you study English?
10. How far is your home from here?
4.2 Info Gap A
These people are in the northeast of the United States. They want to go to New York. Ask your partner for
the information you need to complete this chart. Answer your partner’s questions. B go to page 91.
How long does it take Janet? How much does it cost Bob? How many people are going with Teru?
Janet Sam Bob Teru
It takes 2 hrs. 25 min. 6 hrs. 10 min.
It costs $27.50 $30
Number of people 3 1
4.3 How is...? What (be).....like?

Notice the difference between how is...? and what (be)...like? We use how is...? to ask about things that
change - e.g., the weather and health. We use what (be)...like? for descriptions and to ask about things that
don’t change - e.g., someone’s character or appearance. For example: How is your mother? She is fine.
What is your mother like? She is funny and very smart.
Note the difference between "like" as a verb, "What does your father like? and "like" as a preposition,
"What is your father like?" Also, be aware of look like, sound like etc.
Match the questions and the answers.

1. What is your new coat like? It sounded like an airplane flying over.
2. What is your father like? She is tall and cute.
3. How is your sister today? It is big and exciting.
4. What is Osaka like? It is warm and comfortable.
5. What does your sister look like? She is getting better.
6. What did it sound like? He is strict but very kind.
7. How was the weather? It was good. I relaxed.
8. How was your weekend? It was terrible. It rained everyday.
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5. Conversation Builder 2: Responses
Happy: Unhappy: Excited: Interested:
That’s great! Too bad. Really? I see.
Wonderful. I’m sorry to hear that. I can’t believe it! Oh, really!
Super! That's awful. You’re kidding! That’s nice.
5.1 Student A fill in the blanks and read the sentences to your partner (Lying is OK).
Student B respond to what your partner says.
1. I got a job as a __________.

2. I’m going on a date with __________.
3. My father is __________.
4. I like __________.
5. Next weekend I’m going to _________.
5.2 Student B fill in the blanks and read the sentences to your partner (Lying is OK).
Student A respond to what student B says.
1. My favorite food is __________.

2. Studying English is __________ .
3. My sister went to __________.
4. I saw __________.
5. My part-time job is _______.
5.4 Follow the cues to create a conversation with your partner.
A: Greet B
A: Hello B. How are you?
B: Greet A B: Hi A. I’m fine, thanks.
A: Ask a “how” question A: Say, how long did it take you to do your homework?
B: It took about half an hour.
B: Answer A: Really? It took me over an hour.
A: Respond B: By the way, do you want to go to Namba today?
A: I can’t. I have to work.
B: Change the subject / Ask a question B: Too bad. Hey, I have to go to class.
A: Answer A: Okay. See you.
B: Bye.
B: Respond / Close
A: End
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Choose four questions. Ask four people and write their answers. Try to use complete sentences.
1. How old is your father?
2. How often do you go to bed after midnight?
3. How many brothers and sisters do you have?
4. How tall is your best friend?
5. How long does it take you to get home from the university?
6. How many years have you studied English?
7. How often do you drink coffee?
8. How many prefectures are there in Japan?
9. How far is it to Tokyo station?
10. How many people are there in your family?

Ask your partner the missing numbers. B go to page 91. E.g. “What number is in A3?”
A B C D E F
1 25 258 2,753
2 74 9,090 277
3 707 70,007 736
4 3,078 1,111 1,101
5 9,835 17 70
6 404 444 440
8. S2S Dictation A
Read the paragraph below to your partner. Write what your partner reads. B go to the top of p. 91.
Due to the United Nation’s unique international character, the organization can take action on a wide
range of issues. It is also a place where the member states can express their views. Representatives and
leaders from many different countries meet to discuss problems like war, hunger and poverty. People at the
U.N. work hard to solve these problems. The United Nations has a very important and difficult role in the
modern world.
If you have time...
Linking means connecting the last sound of one word to the first sound of the next
word. This occurs when one word ends in a consonant and the next word starts with
a vowel. Eg: Give it to me sounds like Gi vit to me.
How do you think these sentences sound?

1. Put it on the table.
2. It’s open all day.
3. Let’s eat an apple.
For more pronunciation practice, go to SFXtras on YouTube!
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9. Reading 2
9.1 Match the word with its definition. Then, put them into the text. Be careful of the form.
1. organization a....the quality of a person’s life
2. promote b....to grow bigger or wider
3. standard of living c....an official group of people
4. refugee d....all people around the same age
5. generation e....whole
6. entire f....basic
7. fundamental g....to work to make something known
8. expand h....someone who is forced from their home
The United Nations
The United Nations is an international __________ committed to maintaining international peace and
security. It develops friendly relations among nations and promotes social progress, higher __________,
and human rights. It has a unique international character and can take action on many issues. It also
gives the member nations a chance to express their views. The work of the United Nations reaches the
__________ world. Best known for peacekeeping and helping the poor, there are many other ways the
United Nations makes the world a better place. The organization works on many __________ issues, such
as economic development, protecting the natural environment, protecting __________, and disaster relief.
The UN also __________ democracy, human rights, international health, and works to __________ food
production. The UN does all this to make the world safer for this and future _________.
1. My parents’ __________ grew up without computers.

2. University clubs are very important _________.
3. I read the __________ book in one day.
4. Some African countries have very low __________.
5. Many __________ are forced into camps while waiting for new homes.
6. Women’s pay is a __________ question in human rights.
7. The band is on tour to __________ its new CD.
8. The school will __________ and build many new buildings.
By the way, the word root gen- means “race” and “birth.” If you are interested in your family history, you should study
genealogy. An interesting word with the root gen- is genius. In ancient times, people believed a guardian spirit, genius, was given
to each person at birth. This spirit gave people their abilities and, over time, genius came to mean unusual abilities. Other gen-
words: gene, generate, genesis, genocide, hydrogen.
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10. 6AW 2 Quiz
Go to “Serious Fun Text” on YouTube. Watch 6AW 2 and take the quiz. Watch again to check your score!
1. The author travelled around the Caribbean on a) a ferry. b) a ship. c) a yacht.

2. The author says he went to famous resorts. a) true b) false
3. Haiti is a beautiful resort island. a) true b) false
4. A sphere is like a) a box. b) a ball. c) a line.
5. Deforestation is when the trees are all a) grown. b) cut down. c) planted.
6. Haiti is in the Western Hemisphere. a) true b) false
7. The San Blas Islands are a) a famous resort. b) crowded. c) the home to people who live a traditional
lifestyle.
8. The author says the locks of the Panama Canal are like a) balloons. b) water elevators. c) rivers.
9. How long is the Panama Canal? a) 7 km. b) 77 km. c) 700 km.
10. The Panama Canal is a) a big river. b) a great engineering achievement. c) nothing special.
11. Some Fun A
B go to page 92. A read the problems to B. B listen and calculate the answer.
1. Robert had nine apples. He gave three apples to his sister. He also gave two apples to his best friend.
Then he used three apples to bake a pie. How many apples are left? ANS:______
2. Mr. Jones had a blanket shop. On Monday, he had fourteen blankets for sale. That day, he sold four
blankets. Then on Tuesday, he sold another five blankets. How many were remaining in his shop on
Wednesday? ANS: ________
3. A little girl got sixteen lollipops for her birthday. She has four friends. She gave two lollipops to each
friend. She then accidentally dropped one on the ground and threw it away. She also ate four lollipops
herself. How many did she have left? ANS: _________
Review Questions
1. Can you remember when the U.N. was founded?
2. How many member nations are there in the U.N.?
3. When did Japan join the U.N.?
4. What is your favorite World Heritage site?
5. Which U.N. agency has won the Nobel Peace Prize twice?
6. What does WFP stand for?
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3 Countries
Student A ask your partner these questions. Student B go to page 92.
1. What country is shaped like a boot? (Italy)

2. What country is Copenhagen the capital of? (Denmark)
3. Where is Uluru (Ayer’s Rock)? (Australia)
4. Where is Mount Everest (Chololungma)? (Nepal)
5. In what country did Antoni Gaudi live? (Spain)
6. In what country do the Maoris live? (New Zealand)
7. What is the biggest country? (Russia)
Flags. Match the country with the flag.

A B C D
E F G H
Brazil…. Kenya …. Canada ….. Hong Kong ….

Turkey …. The Netherlands …. Vietnam … France ….
2. Listening: Flags
Fill in the blanks and then listen to check your answers. (CD Track 6)
National flags are important _______. They stand for a country and its people. They inspire pride and
patriotism. Every country has its own special flag with colors or symbols that are meaningful to the people
of that country. Did you know the flags in the exercise? I am going to __________ the flags, so you can
check your answers. First, the Turkish flag has a small white _______ and a crescent moon. The flag of
Kenya has horizontal stripes. It has a shield _____ _____. The flag of Vietnam has one large _______. The
Canadian flag has large, ___________ stripes and a maple _______. The flag of Hong Kong has a white
_______ on it. The Brazilian flag has a _______ with a circle in the middle. The ________ flag has three
broad stripes. The _______ are vertical. The _______ flag, the flag of the Netherlands, also has three stripes,
but they are horizontal.
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Your teacher will give you information about a country. Read it and prepare to answer the questions.
Finally, ask other students questions to complete the charts below.
Country name Country name

Continent Continent
Capital Capital
Largest neighbor Largest neighbor
Currency Currency

Continent Continent
Capital Capital
Currency Currency

Continent Continent
Capital Capital
Currency Currency
Some Fun
Match the places with the country they are in.
1. Russia The Temple Mount
2. Australia The Grand Canyon
3. England Mt. Everest
4. U.S.A. The Taj Mahal
5. Nepal The Great Barrier Reef
6. India The Pyramids of Giza
7. China The Great Wall
8. Egypt Big Ben
9. Peru Macchu Picchu
10. Israel The Kremlin
BTW: Japan is often seen in the West as an overcrowded country. Yet, it ranks 18th worldwide in terms of population density,
behind such countries as Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, Bangladesh, the Netherlands and Belgium. If England was
counted as a country (separate from the UK), its population density would be slightly higher than Japan’s. Japan’s population is 11
times denser than the USA, a density comparable to that of the states of New Jersey or Rhode Island.
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4. Language Focus: Get
Get has many uses in English. As a verb it means to receive, to arrive, and to understand.
I get a letter from my mother every week.

My father gets home late.
The girl doesn’t get the joke.
Get is also used with a preposition to show movement in the direction of the preposition.
I get on the train at Tokyo and get off at Nagoya.

The policeman told everyone to get back.
Get with an adjective means to change or become like the adjective.
Children get big quickly.

Your son is getting big.
4.1 Practice. Use the correct form of “get” in the following sentences.
1. This is a difficult problem. I just don’t __________ it.

2. I __________ a letter from my mother last week.
3. I have to eat less because I am __________ fat.
4. Every time I walk in the woods I __________ lost.
5. My sister is __________ married next week.
6. I __________ hungry every day at noon.
7. It must be almost noon. I’m __________ hungry.
8. Days __________ longer in summer.
9. Summer is coming. The days are __________ longer.
10. I didn’t think the joke was funny. I guess I didn’t __________ it.
4.2 Nationalities A
Ask your partner the questions. Student B go to page 92.
What is the adjective for……… What is the noun for…..?
Italy
Chinese
Lebanon
Mexican
German
Peru
Vietnamese
Canada
Tongue Twister: (Try to say it three times fast.)

Peter Piper picked a purple pepper.
20
5. Conversation Builder 3: Follow Up Questions
Follow Up Questions are questions that follow an answer given to a prior question. They aim to get more
information and show interest. Common follow up questions are:
What, When, Where, What kind of…, and How long/far/many etc. Of course, Why, and Why not are also
common.
5.1 Student A ask B these questions and follow B’s answer with another question.
1. What time do you usually get up in the morning?
2. What country would you like to visit?
3. Do you have any brothers or sisters?
4. Do you like animals?
5. What was the last movie you saw?
5.2 Student B ask A these questions and follow A’s answer with another question.
1. Do you have a part-time job?
2. Do you have a pet?
3. Where do you want to go during the next vacation?
4. How do you get to class?
5. What time do you usually go to bed?

A: Greet B
B: Greet A A: Hi B. How are you?
A: Ask a "How" question. B: Fine. And you?
A: Fine. How long does it take you to get to the
B: Answer
university?
A: Respond / Ask a follow up question
B: It takes about an hour.
B: Answer / Change the subject / Ask a "How" question. A: I see. What time do you get up?
A: Answer B: I get up at 6:00. By the way, how many
B: Respond / Ask a follow up question classes do you have this afternoon?
A: Answer A: I have two.
B: Respond / Close B: Oh. Can you help me with my homework?
A: End A: Sure, but I don’t have time until later.
B: That’s great! Hey, I have to go.
A: Okay. See you.
B: Yeah, see you later.
Student: “Would you punish me for something I didn`t do?”
Teacher: “Of course not.”
Student: “Good, because I didn’t do my homework.”
21
Choose four questions. Ask four people and write their answers. Try to use complete sentences.
1. Can you name a country that begins with the letter C?
2. What country do you want to visit? Why?
3. What country do you not want to visit? Why?
4. What do you think are the most popular countries for tourists?
5. How many countries have you visited?
6. Would you like to live in another country?
7. What country do you admire? Why?
8. Can you name three countries where it never snows?
9. What country has the best flag?
10. Can you name two countries that are officially bilingual?
7. All About Numbers

Your teacher will give you a piece of paper with the population of a country. Write the number next to the
country’s name. Prepare to tell classmates your country and its population. Ask other students their country
and its population.
What country do you have? What is the population of….?
China …………………. Japan………………………..
India ………………………. Russia ………………………
USA ……………………… Pakistan …………………….
Indonesia ………………… Brazil ………………………….
8. S2SA
Read the paragraph below to your partner. Write what your partner reads. B go to page 92.
It is difficult to say how many countries there are. The UK, for example, is one country with a prime
minister and a queen. It is made of four smaller “countries,” however: Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales and
England. Some lists of countries count the UK as one country, other lists count each country as one. Most
lists say there are 193 countries in the world.
What country name becomes part of your body if you remove the
last letter?
The answer is upside down.

cHIna
22
9. Reading 3
9.1 Match the word with its definition. Then put them into the text.
1. disputed a....a symbol used for counting
2. recognized b....concerning many different countries
3. number c....something argued or disagreed about
4. considered d....to believe or think about
5. international e....to know someone or something, or to realize something exists
6. participate f....to join an activity
7. independent g....to have the same opinion
8. agreement h....not connected to, influenced by, or dependent on
The Number of Countries
There is no __________ on the __________of countries in the world. This is because some countries,
also called “states” or “nations,” have __________ status. There are 193 countries that __________ in the
United Nations, but there are countries that are not members of the UN. Kosovo, for example, is an
independent country that is not a UN member. Other areas are considered countries although they do not
have sovereignty. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (in the United Kingdom) are examples of
places __________ countries although they are not sovereign states. Taiwan is a/an __________ country
but is not __________ by the __________ community. There are also disagreements over who owns
certain territories. Japan and Russia both claim the Kuril Islands, for example. Interestingly, this dispute is
the reason Japan and Russia have not signed a peace treaty to end the Second World War.
1. The batter __________ the umpires call.

2. The Olympics is an important __________ sporting event.
3. The __________ of crimes is decreasing every year.
4. Shakespeare is __________ the greatest English writer.
5. I saw a man on the train and _____________ him from my days as a student.
6. The two people made a/an __________ about how to resolve the argument.
7. Teenagers want to be __________ of their parents.
8. My son will __________ in a speech contest next weekend.
BTW:
The prefix in- often means “not,” as in inflexible, invisible, infinite and independent.
The prefix inter- often means “between,” as in intermission, intermediary and, of course, international.
Can you guess what “interdependent” means?

Can you guess the meaning of “interchangeable”?
How about “indisputable”?
23
10. 6AW 3 Quiz
1. The second part of the trip was a) in California. b) in the Caribbean. c) crossing the Pacific.
2. Sailing from Panama to French Polynesia took a) 3 days. b) two weeks. c) 31 days.
3. They used a computer to navigate and send emails. a) true b) false c) the video does not say
4. The crew took turns cooking. a) true b) false c) the video does not say
5. The weather was nice the entire trip. a) true b) false
6. During the Pacific passage, the author a) cut his foot. b) got sick. c) watched movies.
7. After three months, everyone wanted to leave French Polynesia. a) true b) false c) of course
8. The video says Tahiti has a population of a) 50,000 b) 500,000 c) the video doesn't say.
9. From Bora-Bora, they a) sailed directly. b) island-hopped. c) hitched to Australia.
10. From Florida to Sydney took a) one week. b) one month. c) one year.
11. Info Gap A

Student A ask B the questions to complete this chart. Student B go to p. 93.
Where is….? How many square kilometers….? What is the capital of….?
France Jordan Kenya Brazil Korea

Location Middle East South America
Size 545,630 569,251 96,920
square km
Capital Paris Nairobi Seoul
Review Questions
1. What is the adjective for Vietnam?

2. Where is the Temple Mount?
3. Are the stripes on the French flag horizontal or vertical?
4. Jordan is in the Middle East. True or False?
5. Copenhagen is the capital of which country?
A cowboy rode into town on Friday, stayed three days, and left on Friday. How is this possible?
Divide the words for the answer to the riddle:

FridAyIsThenameofThecowbOy'shorSe.
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4 Culture
1. Find Someone
Find someone who answers “yes.” Then ask a wh- follow question. Write the name and information.
Exchange three questions and answers and then change partners.
Eg. Joji likes Italian food
1. Do you like foreign food?
2. Do you play a musical instrument?
3. Do you go to the shrine on New Year’s Day?
4. Do you want to travel abroad?
5. Do you like Japanese more than American movies?

6. Do you like history?
7. Do you like J-pop more than Western pop?
8. Do you like kanji?
9. Do you want to learn tea ceremony?
10. Do you think sumo is interesting?
2. Listening: Culture Shock
Listen and fill in the blanks. (CD Track 9)
At home __________ is familiar. When we go to another __________ everything changes. The food,
the __________, even the way we take baths __________ be different, and this causes stress. People
__________ homesick. Sometimes the stress is so bad people get headaches and __________ sleep. This is
called “culture shock.” It can be mild or severe and is actually _________. It is a part of adjusting to a new
place. It is often said that there are four _________ to culture shock. The first is the "Honeymoon" when the
differences _________ the two cultures are seen in a romantic light. The next stage is called "Negotiation."
This is when the differences between the cultures are _________ and cause anxiety. Next is "Adjustment,"
when a person starts to _________ accustomed to the new culture. The final stage is "Adoption," when a
person gets __________ to the new culture. Some people who come home after a long stay abroad feel
reverse culture shock and __________ readjust to life in their home countries.
25
3.1 Your teacher will give you information about a country and its culture. Read it and prepare to answer
the questions. Finally, ask other students questions.
Country Country
Religion Religion
Language Language
Food Food
Country Country
Religion Religion
Language Language
Food Food
Country Country
Religion Religion
Language Language
Food Food
3.2 Help Your Partner Guess the Word
Take Turns. Choose a word and give hints in English until your partner says the word you are describing.
enka sempai bonenkai matsuri

juku kohai hatsumode o-sechi-ryori
nengajo zen compa sado
shodo omiai shushoku bushido
undokai obon giri kekkonshiki
3.3 Culture Match

Match the Japanese thing and its English description.
1. Futon a….Traditional Japanese shoes. They are wooden.
2. Hashi b…. Short comic dramas performed between Noh plays.
3. Shamisen c…. Beautiful portable shrines carried during festivals.
4. Mikoshi d…. A traditional musical instrument made of cat skin.
5. Geta e…. The day when Japanese celebrate becoming adults.
6. Kyogen f…. A large cushion used as a bed.
7. Seijin no hi g…. Long wooden sticks used for eating.
26
4. Language Focus: Adjectives I
4.1 Adjectives describe nouns. They come before the noun they describe or after the verb “be.”
Examples:
I have a big house.
My house is big.
Now, put these adjectives into the sentences.
exciting scary great heavy young serious expensive honest

1. Snowboarding is the most _______ sport.
2. I carry my books home every day. They are ________.
3. I am too ________ to buy beer.
4. Shohei Ohtani is a/an _________ baseball player.
5. My friend bought me a/an _________ present.
6. My father wants me to be a/an ________ student.
7. I don’t want to bungee jump. It is too ________.
8. Politicians need to be _________.
4.2 Adjectives with ...Enough...
Enough usually goes after an adjective and before a noun, e.g., It is hot enough; and, There are enough
books. Circle the letter of the correct sentence.
1. a. There are a lot of boys, but not enough girls.
b. There are a lot of boys, but not girls enough.
2. a. I'm not enough tall.
b. I'm not tall enough.
3. a. The chair is not enough comfortable.
b. The chair is not comfortable enough.
4. a. The city does not have enough busses.
b. The city does not have busses enough.
5. a. I'd like to buy this sweater, but I don't have money enough.
b. I'd like to buy this sweater, but I don't have enough money.
4.3 Adjectives with ...Too... To ...
Too is used to intensify an adjective. This can be followed by an infinitive (the base form of a verb + to).
Choose the best adjective and infinitive for the sentences below.
Adjectives Verb
1. The truck driver is too _____ to_______ .
expensive run
2. My father is too _______ to _______ me with my project. sleepy buy
3. The refrigerator is too _______ to _______ . busy pick up
4. The sweater is too_______ for me to _____ . long help
heavy drive
5. A marathon is too ______ for me to _____ .
27
5. Conversation Builder 4: Repetition and Clarification
If you are confused by an unknown word you can say:
What does that mean? What does “…” mean?
Use these forms to ask someone to repeat what they said:

Did you say …. or …? ; What did you say? ; Could you repeat that? ; What? (informal)
Pardon? ; Excuse me? (Be careful of intonation)
5.1 If you didn’t understand one word or want specific information, you can use wh-questions
for clarification. Student A read these sentences to B. Student B choose the correct word to ask for
clarification. Student A make up information to clarify.
A B
1. I gave my sister a nani nani. 1. Excuse me, you gave her (who / what)?
2. I'm too nani nani to study. 2. Sorry, you are too (when / what) to study?

3. I bought dare dare a scarf. 3. Excuse me, (who / what) did you buy it for?

5.2 Student B read these sentences to A. A choose the correct way to ask for clarification. B make up
information to clarify.
B A
1. Dare dare has a new job. 1. (Who / Where) has a new job?
2. My friend had to nani nani. 2. Excuse me, (what / who) did she have to do?
3. There are not enough nani nani in the city. 3. Sorry, there are not enough (where / what)?
A: Hello.
A: Greet B
B: Hi A. How are you?
B: Greet A A: Good. Can you tell me what “futon” means?
A: Ask a question B: Sure. Futons are the large cushions Japanese
people sleep on. Like beds.
B: Answer A: I see. Does everybody sleep on the floor?
A: Respond / Ask a follow up question B: Not everyone. A lot of people have beds. By the
way, have you been to Koshien?
B: Answer / Change the subject / Ask a question
A: Sorry. Have I been where?
A: Ask for repetition or clarification B: Have you been to Koshien, the famous baseball
B: Repeat the question or clarify stadium?
A: No, I haven’t.
A: Answer
B: Really? It’s a great place. Do you want to go
B: Respond / Ask a follow up question sometime?
A: Answer / Close A: Yes! I really do, but I’m late for class. I have to go.
B: Okay. See you later.
B: End A: Bye.
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Choose four questions from the list. Ask the questions and follow up questions. Write the answers.
1. What is interesting about your culture?
2. What would a foreign visitor find surprising about Japan?
3. Do you know a lot about your culture?
4. Do you have friends from other cultures?
5. Is your culture changing?
6. Could you adapt to a new culture?
7. What do you like most about your culture?
8. What do you like least about your culture?
9. Would you marry someone from a different culture?
10. Would you consider living forever in a different culture?
BTW: A graph is the gridlines and the data. A chart is the whole
Charts. Look at the bar graph below and answer the questions.
The Number of Foreign Visitors to Japan
millions
thing including the title and the labels.
1. What is the title of the bar graph?

2. The y-axis shows the number of visitors. What does the x-axis show?
3. How many foreign visitors came to Japan in 1985? 2000?
4. Which five year period shows the largest increase? How much was the increase?
5. Which five year period shows the largest decline? How much was the decline?
8. S2S DictationA
Read this description of a unique culture to your partner. Then write what your partner reads. Student B go
to p. 93. (Use “How do you spell...” if needed.)
The Sami People are known as Lapps in English. They live in northern Europe - in Norway, Finland, and
Russia. Their language is in the Uralic family and is endangered. That is to say their language is
disappearing. They fish, raise reindeer and trap fur for a living. Scientists have found towns dating from
about 10,000 B.C. There are fewer than 200,000 Sami.
29
9. Reading 4
9.1 Match the word with its definition Then, put them into the text.
1. traditional a....what we believe
2. genetic b....verb for “different”
3. Christians c....Europeans, Americans, Australians, etc.
4. beliefs d....adjective for tradition
5. differ e....those who believe in Jesus Christ
6. Westerners f....adjective for “gene”
7. popular g....adjective for “religion”
8. religious h....well liked
Different Cultures
People are different. Some people are tall and some are short; some people have dark hair and some
people have blond hair. These things are _________. We get them from our DNA. People __________in
other ways too. Some people are __________, some are Muslims or Buddhists and some are not _________.
Asian people eat rice and __________ eat bread. These things we get from our culture.
Culture is what we learn. It is our language, our __________, our values and our customs. Art is also
culture. Culture has two divisions: __________ and pop. Traditional culture consists of the things the
people of a country have done for a long time. Pop culture is __________ today. Japan has a long history
with a unique traditional culture. Drama like Noh, clothes like the kimono, and the tea ceremony are
traditional Japanese culture. J-pop, anime, and cosplay are pop-culture.
1. The shamisen is a ______________ Japanese musical instrument.

2. ________________ usually go to church on Sunday.
3. Tastes in art and music ________________.
4. _________________ are stereotyped as meat eaters.
5. Some diseases have ________________ causes.
6. People often argue about political ___________ .
7. They are very __________ . They believe very strongly in God.
8. The handsome movie star is very ____________ with young women.
BTW Genetics, like generation, has gen as the root. Gen you may recall, means “race” or “birth” Genocide is the planned
killing of a racial or cultural group. Can you guess what these words mean? homicide, insecticide, suicide, pesticide,
infanticide.
30
10. 6AW 4 Quiz
1. The author went to a) Perth. b) Sydney. c) Melbourne.
2. What did Earl, the cartoon character, have for breakfast? a) eggs b) Vegemite c) toast
3. An “acquired taste” is a) love at first sight. b) practice. c) something you learn to like over time.
4. When the author arrived in Australia, he was a) sad. b) broke and in debt. c) cold.
5. He worked in Australia as a) an English teacher. b) a painter. c) a yachtsman.
6. The author says Australians a) are not happy. b) are not sportsmen. c) love sports.
7. The author crossed Australia a) east to west. b) west to east. c) south to north.
8. The Outback is a) small. b) dry. c) grey.
9. The author visited Uluru, Ayer’s Rock. a) true b) false
10. Northern Australia is tropical. a) true b) false c) the video doesn’t say
11. Some Fun: Team Quiz

Work with a partner. Team A read the facts on page 101. Team B read the facts on page 103. Then make
questions about the information and ask another team the questions you created. Answer the questions they
ask you. For example:
Basketball was invented in the USA in 1891. It is America's most popular indoor sport.
Possible questions:
Where was basketball invented?
What is America's most popular indoor sport?
"When was basketball invented?" is too difficult unless you give possible answers i.e.
When was basketball invented, the 1890s, the 1900s or the 1920s?
One way to play is to make the team with the easiest questions the winner!
Review Questions
Choose the correct question word, then ask a partner. Write your partner’s answers.
1. What / How is interesting about Japanese culture?
2. What / Where do you dislike about Japanese culture?
3. What / When do you bow?
4. What / How often do you shake hands instead of bowing?
5. Do / Are you study any traditional Japanese arts?
6. Is / Are culture shock natural?
7. Why / What country do you want to visit?
8. Are / Why young Japanese people different than old people? Police Officer: When is your birthday?
Citizen: July 15th.
Police Officer: What year?
Citizen: Every year.
31
5 Language
1. Quiz
Answer these questions with a partner.
1. In what country is Tagalog spoken? a) India b) the Philippines c) Mali
2.What is the oldest living language? a) Chinese b) Hindi c) Italian
3.What are the two official languages of India?
a) Indian and English b) Bengali and Hindi c) Hindi and English
4.What is the official language in Israel? a) Arabic b) Hebrew c) Turkish
5. About how many languages are there in the world? a) around 170 b) over 20,000 c) about 2,700
6. An English word that describes an action is

a) a noun. b) a verb. c) a pronoun. d) an adjective.
7. Match the English word with the country it originally came from.
1. tea a. Turkey
2. coffee b. India
3. shampoo c. Spain
4. potato d. China
8.What is a lingua franca? a) pasta b) an international language c) a dance
2. Listening: Languages
I am going to give you the answers to the quiz. Listen carefully. The answer to the first question is the
__________. And the oldest living language, question 2, is __________. It has been written for ____ ____
years. In number 3, India’s two official languages are __________ and __________. Number 4, in Israel
they speak __________. In the next question, number 5, the answer is “about.” There is no known exact
number, but the answer is about __________. In 6, an English word that describes an action is a
__________. “Run,” jump,” “go,” are all verbs. There are other kinds of verbs too. Like the verb
__________, which describes a __________, not an action. English has the largest vocabulary in the world
and one reason for this is that it takes words from other languages. In number 7, tea is _________ a Chinese
word. Coffee is ________ and came from Turkey. Shampoo is from ________ and potato is from Spain.
English is still adding new words. A lingua franca is a language used when people do not share a common
language. The answer to number 8 is ________. Today the lingua franca used by most people is English.
32
You will read about a language. Be prepared to answer questions about your reading and to ask questions
about other readings.
Name of language Name of language

Where it is spoken Where it is spoken
Number of native speakers Number of native speakers
Interesting fact Interesting fact


Some Fun
Can you match the languages with their descriptions? Write the number next to the name of the language.
1. A European language
spoken in South America and
Mexico. In The Lion King, Timon and
a) _____ Hindi
Pumbaa, teach Simba that he
2. A language spoken in the should forget his troubled past
Middle East. The language of b) _____ German
and live in the present. They
Islam. say, Makuna Matata. It means
c) _____ Spanish
no worries. What language is it?
3. A lingua franca in Africa.
d) _____ Swahili
4. A European language
spoken in Canada and e) _____ Arabic
Africa.
f) _____ French
5. The language spoken in
Bangladesh and its huge
neighbor.
6. The language spoken in the Separate the numbers and letters.

center of Europe. They are upside down:
a5,b6,c1,d3,e2,f4 This answer is also upside down:
sWahiLi
33
4. Language Focus: Adjectives II
Verb participles, the –ing and the –ed forms, are often used as adjectives to describe feelings and emotions.
E.g., Being in a club can be exciting, but at times I was bored.
Note that the present participle, the –ing form, describes what causes the feeling. The past participle, the
–ed form, describes how a person feels. E.g. The movie was boring, so I was bored.
4.1 Practice. Use the appropriate form of the words below to complete the sentences.
interest embarrass exhaust surprise disappoint confuse
1. After running a marathon I was __________.

2. The teacher’s lecture was extremely ___________. I learned a lot.
3. I was _____________ to see Jane at the party. She told me she couldn’t come.
4. I studied for the test so my low score was ______________.
5. The explanation was very ____________. I could not understand.
6. I couldn’t remember his name and was very ____________ .
4.2 Practice. Choose the correct –ed or –ing form and then put the words into the correct order.
1. the / interested-interesting / most / science / social / psychology / is

2. cooking / interested-interesting / French / am / I / in
3. China / tired-tiring / to / trip / was / my
4. meeting / my / tired-tiring / father / after / was / the
5. culture / fascinated-fascinating / religion / aspect / is / of / a
6. anthropology / am / fascinated-fascinating / by / I
4.3 Practice. Mark each correct sentence with a checkmark (� ).

1. It was a horror movie, but I was not frightening.
2. Singing in front of everyone was embarrassing.
3. The championship game was very exciting.
4. The menu at the restaurant was disappointed.
5. The book is not very interested.
6. My little brother was thrilling by his birthday present.
7. Anthropology is fascinating.
8. My new part-time job is tiring.
4.4 Practice. Contrasting -ed and -ing adjectives.

I went to the theater. I was bored. The movie was boring.
Think of similar sentences for terrified / terrifying; exhausted / exhausting; excited / exciting;
depressed / depressing
Try to think of examples using other participial adjectives.
34
5. Conversation Builder 5: Introducing a Topic
When you want to talk about something you can introduce the topic like this
Tell me...
Tell me, what do you do every the weekend?
I'd like to ask what, who, when, where ...

I'd like to ask you what time you get up.
Of course, these phrases go very well with “by the way...”
5.1 Student A ask B about the topics below. Ask a follow up question.
hobbies brothers and sisters favorite singer
5.2 Student B ask A about the topics below. Ask a follow up question.
part-time job pets hometown
A: Greet B
B: Greet A
A: Introduce a topic with a “how” or a “wh-” question
B: Answer
A: Hi B.
A: Respond / Ask follow up question
B: Hello A. How are you?
B: Answer / Ask a question A: Fine thanks. And you?
B: Fine.
A: Ask for repetition
A: I’d like to ask you how long you have worked
B: Repeat the question at your part-time job.
B: I’ve worked there about two years.
A: Answer
A: I see. Is it a difficult job?
B: Respond / Ask follow up question B: No, not really. Tell me, do you have a job?
A: Sorry, what did you say?
A: Answer / Close
B: Do you have a job?
B: End A: No. I’m looking for one.
B: Ah. What kind of job do you want?
A: I’m thinking of a restaurant job. Hey, I have to go.
B: Okay. See you soon.
Something to talk about: What topics you would never discuss with your parents? your friends? your teacher?
35
6. Write Four Questions: Ask Four People
Look back at page 14. Review the "How" question formation. Write a “How + adjective” question;
a "How + do" question; a "How is..." question; and a "What is ... like?" question. Write them on a piece of
paper and ask four classmates. Write their answers using full sentences.

7.1 Math functions. A read these numbers. Student B go to page 93.
Noun Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division

Verb To add To subtract To multiply To divide
We say Plus Minus Times Divided by
1. Read these problems to Student B. B will find the answer.
What is 900 ÷ 30 ? 2. What’s 12 x 7 ? 3. What’s 19 + 8 ? 4. What is 105 – 35 ?
2. Listen and write the answer. 1... 2... 3... 4...

3. Read this problem to B. Notice how the verb is used. This is because we are using the imperative form.
First, start with 400. Multiply by 32. Subtract 68. Finally, divide by 3.
(Answer - 4,244)
4. Listen and do the problem B reads.
7.2 Some Number Fun: Take a Guess A

Read the questions to your partner. The answers are in parenthesis. B go to page 94.
1. How far is London to Paris? (340 km)

2. What is the population of South Korea? (around 50,000,000)
3. How long does it take an Olympic athlete to run a marathon? (about 2 hours)
4. How many years does an elephant live? (80)
5. When did Walt Disney first draw Mickey Mouse? (1927)
6. When did World War I start? (1914)
7. Did Shakespeare die in the 1600s or the 1700s? (1616)
8. What year was Todaiji first built? 1250, 728, 1650 (728)
8. S2S Dictation A
Read this to Student B. B go to page 94. (Use “How do you spell...” if needed.)
English is the latest, but not the first, lingua franca – the language of international communication. It’s
the world’s most important language. It is estimated that three billion people, half the world’s population,
can speak at least a little English. English will not be completely dominant, however, because Arabic,
Chinese and Spanish are going to rise in importance. The trend is towards “linguistic globalization” and
multi-lingualism, not bilingualism.
36
9. Reading 5
9.1 Match the word on the left with its definition. Put it in the text. Be careful of the verb tenses.
1. hint a....an adjective for a person with a high standard of learning
2. tremendous b....very large, great
3. rule c....the beginning
4. conquer d....information to help people make a guess
5. origin e....attack and take control of
6. wealthy f....one hundred percent
7. completely g....rich
8. educated h....to control
French Words in English
In 1066, the French-speaking Normans __________ England. They __________ for over three hundred
years and French was the language used in government, business and education. This had a/an __________
effect on English. It changed the language __________. English has a vocabulary larger than any other
language and over thirty percent of the words are of Latin/French __________. Generally, the French words
have special meanings. This may be left over from Norman rule. It was the French speakers who were
__________ and __________. The basic English “to raise” and “to get on,” for example, have Latin-based
equals “to levitate” and “to mount.”
There are other interesting __________ of Norman society still in English, as well. The English speakers
were poor. They worked in the fields with the animals. They continued to use the English word “cow” for
the live animal. When an animal was killed, however, cooked and served to the rich French
speakers, it was boeuf, which is French for cow. And so, to this day, when English speakers cook a cow it
becomes beef. For the same reason we eat “pork” not “pig.”
1. England was __________ and __________ by the Normans in the 11th century.
2. I don’t know the answer. Give me a __________.
3. Nobody knows the __________ of the story. It could be a lie.
4. I have exams next week. I must pass and feel _______ pressure.
5. Bill Gates is a very __________ man.
6. I didn’t know about the surprise party. I was __________ surprised.
7. The police _______ people about the dangers of drinking alcohol and driving a car.
BTW: The Japanese word for bread, “pan,” comes from Portuguese. Bread was introduced to Japan by Portuguese sailors, and the
Portuguese word for bread is also “pan.” Portuguese is a Latin-based language, and in Latin-based languages co-, con-, and com-
often mean “with” or “together.” A “co-worker” is someone you work with, a “contest” is a test or a competition you do with
someone, and “compress” means to press things together. Interestingly, the word “company” comes from the idea of “eating
bread together,” or those who work together. A companion is a friend, or someone you eat bread with. Finally, the study of the
history of words is an -ology. It is etymology. Can you guess the meanings of these words? co-dependent; co-educational;
congenital; coexist; coordinate. Also, the root in “educate” is duc, which means “to lead.” Abduct, deduct, deduce, induct,
conduct and introduce are all related. Can you find the relationships?
37
10. 6AW 5 Quiz
1. This video is about a) South Asia. b) Southeast Asia. c) East Asia.
2. The author went to a) Bali and Java. b) Borneo. c) the Philippines.
3. The author says he did not do anything a) interesting. b) unusual. c) fun.
4. During this part of the trip, the author re-enters the northern hemisphere. a) true b) false
5. In Bali, the author went surfing and was scared by a) big waves. b) Aussies. c) a shark.
6. From Jakarta, he went to Singapore by a) ferry. b) airplane. c) taxi.
7. In Singapore, the author went to Raffles, a hotel built by the a) British. b) Indians. c) Chinese.
8. Earl says a) he loves Singapore Slings. b) he is too young to drink. c) he wants a Singapore Sling.
9. The author says he traveled through Malaysia a) slowly. b) quickly. c) at his own pace.
10. The next video is about a) India. b) Indonesia. c) Bangkok.
11. Some Fun: Which is the Odd Word? A

Circle the word that does not belong in each group. Then read your list to your partner. Listen to which
word your partner thinks is strange. Do you agree? The differences can be based on grammar, meaning,
spelling or pronunciation. There are different correct answers.
E.g. Nani Nani is different because it is/isn’t... has/doesn’t have etc.
B go to the bottom of page 94.
1. lion, elephant, fish, dog

2. nose, mouse, eye, leg
3. German, Japan, French, American
4. tell, talk, speak, hear
5. red, right. lot, road
6. his, she, my, your
7. pen, paper, book, pencil
8. cookie, lemon, pie, candy
9. see, gave, went, took
10. second, fifth, three, fourth
Review Questions
1. Latin is considered a "dead" because it is not used as a first language. True or False?
2. In what century did the French Normans conquer England?
3. Is English the first and only lingua franca?
4. Why does English have such a large vocabulary?
Remember: Linking occurs when one word ends in a consonant and the next word starts with a vowel. It
also occurs when the same consonant sound ends one word and also begins the next word.
Warm milk sounds like warmilk.
Try saying these sentences:
1. Stop pushing me.
For more pronunciation practice go to: 2. My mom made it
YouTube: SFXtras 3. What time is it?
38
6 Globalization
1. Quiz
Answer the following questions and compare answers with a partner.
1. The term “brain drain” refers to

a) a sports injury.
b) smart people leaving a poor country to work in a rich one.
c) a quiz show on British television.
2. What language has the largest number of speakers?

a) English b) Mandarin Chinese c) Spanish d) Hindi
3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a globalized professional?

a) highly educated b) speaks foreign languages c) afraid of flying d) travels internationally
4. Globalization
a) is creating a “global village.”
b) is increasing the number of English language speakers in the world.
c) may be doing both of the above.
5. Which organization has NOT received a Nobel Peace Prize?

a) Amnesty International b) U2 c) Doctors Without Borders
6. The amount of money a country spends on imports and the amount it earns with exports is called
a) Confucian values. b) the balance of payments. c) economic justice. d) the deficit.
2. Listening
Listen _________. I will give you the answers to the quiz. In the first question, the term “brain-drain"
refers to the problem of the _________ and best educated people in poor countries going to
wealthier countries to work or study and never returning to their home countries. The answer to the first
question is ____. The answer to the second question is ________. The language with the largest
number of speakers is Mandarin Chinese. Many people think it is English which is the language with the
largest number of ________ language speakers. It is the _______ _______. Mandarin has more speakers,
but they are _______ in one country. The answers to 3 and 4 are both ____. A globalized professional is not
afraid to fly, and globalization is making the world seem smaller, like a village. The answer to number 5 is
____. U2 is an _______ rock band. The answer to 6 is ____. The balance of payments is the record of the
economic _______ between countries. It measures what a country buys and what it sells to other countries.
39
You will read about a multinational corporation. Answer the questions about the company you read about.
Then prepare to answer questions about your reading and to ask questions about other readings.
Name of company Name of company

Headquarters Headquarters
Number of employees Number of employees
Year started Year started
An interesting fact An interesting fact



Some Fun
What are the advantages and disadvantages of globalization? Put the words and phrases into the column
you think they belong in. Then, compare with a partner. There is no correct answer, just different opinions.
popular music multi-cultural society global markets industrial development

ethnic foods multi-national corporations international trade agreements
popular films fast foods English as the lingua franca
Advantages Disadvantages
_____________ ______________
_____________ ______________
_____________ ______________
_____________ ______________
BTW The “pros and cons” of an issue are the good points and the bad points. Pro- often implies “for,” or “forward.” This is easy
to figure out in words like “pro-democracy.” It also shows in words like, “promotion,” “proponent,” and even “professor.” Con- is
short for contra- or counter- and means “against.” For example, “contradict,” “contrary,” “counterproductive,” and
“counterfeit.” Anti- is another way of expressing being against something, as in, “anti-government,” or “anti-racism.” Anti- has a
related meaning of “opposite,” in anticlimax,” “antithesis,” and “Antarctica,” which is the opposite of the Arctic.
Be careful with the word con. While it means, “against,” it can also mean a trick. You can be conned, and a con-man is someone
who will try to trick you. Also, to make things more difficult, con is sometimes used to refer to convicts, people in prison.
40
4. Language Focus: Gerunds
Gerunds are nouns formed from verbs. They have the –ing form. They can be used as subjects, objects or
complements.
Smoking is bad for you. (Subject)

I don’t like studying. (Object)
My hobby is running. (Complement)
4.1 Practice. Complete the sentences with the gerund forms of the following verbs.
climb pay watch answer drink run learn
1. I hate _________ bills at the end of the month.

2. __________ movies with my family is relaxing.
3. ___________ a second language is not easy, but it is valuable.
4. The most dangerous thing to do when driving is ___________ alcohol.
5. He enjoys ____________ mountains on the weekend.
6. ___________ the question in English is an important part of the test.
7. He loves ___________ in marathons.
4.2 Prepositions + -ing

Prepositions are followed by the -ing form of verbs. Make sentences from the table below. There are various
correct possibilities.
She talked without helping me.

Are you interested about cooking.
She's very good for studying.
Thank you of working in an office.
I'm tired in inviting me.
He passed the exam at going to France.
4.3 Do you agree?

Complete the list of activities with verbs from the list (use the –ing form). Then match them with the
phrases on the right. You can use the phrases more than once. Compare your answers with a partner or a
small group. Find out if your partner agrees.
go out with cook listen to look after play with read learn
E.g. I think listening to music is important. Do you agree?
…dinner is interesting.
…children is not interesting.
…cards is fun.
…music is boring.
…friends is important.
…something new is not important.
...comics is something we should do.
41
5. Conversation Builder 6: Expressing Opinions
To express opinions: To agree: To disagree:
In my opinion I agree I disagree
I think… You are right Sorry, I disagree
It seems to me… Right / True
According to…
5.1 Student A fill in the blanks and say your sentences to B. B agree or disagree and ask follow up
questions.
1. I think smoking is __________.

2. I think it is good to get married before turning __________ years old.
3. In my opinion, __________ is the best season.
4. According to the newspaper, eating chocolate is __________.
5. It seems to me that we need more homework.
5.2 Student B fill in the blanks and say your sentences to A. A agree or disagree and ask follow up
questions.
1. __________ is the most exciting sport.

2. According to my father, __________ is the best Japanese baseball player.
3. I think _________ is the best kind of sushi.
4. I feel __________ is the most beautiful actress.
5. I think drinking coffee __________.
A: Good morning B.
5.4 Follow the cues to make a conversation. B: Hi A. How’s it going?
A: Okay, but riding the train is tiring.
A: Greet B B: I agree. I wish I had a car. Do you have a driver’s
B: Greet A license?
A: Express opinion (use an – ed/-ing adjective) A: Yes. I got one last spring vacation.
B: Agree / Ask a question B: Sorry. When did you get it?
A: Answer A: Spring vacation. I’ve been wondering, what do
B: Ask for clarification you think is a good part-time job?
B: I think working in a juku is a good job for
A: Clarify / Introduce topic / Ask a question
students.
B: Answer
A: What did you say?
A: Ask for repetition B: I think working in a juku is a good job.
B: Repeat A: Yeah. You're right.
A: Respond B: Hey, I have to go. See you later.
B: Close A: Bye.
A: End conversation
Something to talk about: Who influences your opinions the most, your parents, teachers, friends, or media personalities?
42
Choose four questions from the list. Ask the questions and follow up questions. Write the answers. Try to
use full sentences.
1. Do you think playing video games is good for children?

2. What is your opinion of gambling?
3. Do you think globalization is good for Japan?
4. What is the most important agency in the United Nations?
5. What do you think is the most important thing in life?
6. How do you feel about K-pop?
7. In your opinion, do students have enough homework?
8. How long should couples know each other before getting married?
9. Should Japan build more nuclear power plants?
10. Should the voting age be lowered?
7. All About Numbers: Ordinals

Most ordinals are formed by adding –th. Note that first, second, third and fifth are irregular. For multiples
of ten, the final y changes to an i and then the -eth suffix is put on the end of the number. For example,
20th or twentieth. Other pairs below:
1st, first, 11th, eleventh, 21st, twenty-first, 101st, one hundred and first
3rd, third, 13th, thirteenth, 23rd, twenty-third, 1,000th, one thousandth
Ask two classmates these questions and write their answers.

Partner 1 Partner 2
name: name:
1. When is your birthday?
2. What is the date of your favorite holiday?
3. What floor is your apartment or bedroom on?
4. What is your rank in height in your family?
5. What row are you sitting in?
6. What is the first thing you do every day?
7. What is the last thing you do before going to bed?
8. What place did your favorite sports team finish last season?
9. What period is your favorite class?
10. What period is your most difficult class?
8. S2S Dictation A
Read this to your partner. Then write what your partner reads. B go to page 95. (Use “How do you spell...”
if needed.)
Globalization has increased incomes in developing countries. In the first decade of the twenty-first
century, income in the world’s developed countries increased 2.2 percent. In the developing countries it
increased 5 percent. That is two and a half times faster. There are a lot of problems with globalization, but
it seems to be helping the poorest countries.
43
9. Reading 6
9.1 Match the words in each column, then put the words into the text.
1. mixing a....this is an ordinal number

2. set out b....using something that belongs to someone else
3. borrowing c....to depart on a journey
4. nineteenth d....put different things together
5. one e....the first number
6. colonialism f....go faster and faster
7. accelerate g....something that moves around the earth
8. satellite h....when a powerful country rules a weaker one
Cultural Borrowing
Cultures influence __________ another. Cultures borrow from one another. Globalization is a new word,
but economic and cultural __________ isn’t really new. Humans have been making commercial and
cultural connections since the first camel __________ on the Silk Road to deliver spice to Europe. Perhaps
the biggest wave of globalization was European __________ in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In
the __________ century the postal service, railroads and steamships increased the trend and in the twentieth
century radio and television made the connections stronger. Computers and __________ communications
have __________ cultural exchange. __________ from another culture is natural.
1. My friends are going to Tokyo tomorrow. They want to wake up and ________ early.
2. Many European ideas spread through ________ .
3. Jimi Hendrix was ________ of the greatest rock guitarists of all-time.
4. His birthday is on the ________ of June.
5. _______ with strangers at a party is a good way to make new friends.
6. I recently read that a _______ is going to fall from the sky.
7. This new sports car can _______ rapidly.

8. _______ ideas is not always plagiarism, but writers have to be careful.
Take a laugh break.

A guy walks into a bar and sits down next to a lady and a dog. The man asks, “Does your dog bite?” The lady answers, “Never!”
The man reaches out to pet the dog and the dog bites his hand. The man says, “I thought you said your dog doesn’t bite!” The
woman replies, “He doesn’t. That’s not my dog.”
44
10. 6AW 6 Quiz
1. The author says he was not “flat broke” when he arrived in Bangkok. This means:
a) he had plenty of money b) he was sick c) he was not completely broke
2. The author a) acquired a taste for chilies. b) loves chilis. c) did not acquire a taste for chilies.
3. In Bangkok, the author worked as a) a writer. b) a yachtsman. c) a teacher.

4. The author says he a) did not travel around Thailand. b) traveled a little. c) travelled a lot.
5. In the video there is a photo of a) the US embassy. b) a Japanese restaurant.

c) Sukothai, the first capital of Thailand.
6. Earl is looking at a) buildings. b) gold statues. c) the river.
7. How long did the author stay in Bangkok? a) 1 month b) 3 months c) about 9 months
8. When he left Bangkok, the author had been away from home about a) 1 year. b) 9 months. c) 3 years.
9. The author says he was not lonely because he made friends in Bangkok. a) true b) false
10. The next video is about a) India. b) the world. c) Thai food.
11. Some Fun: Number Trivia A

Student B go to page 95. Student A read the odd numbered questions 1, 3, 5 and 7. B will answer. Then
listen to B and choose the best answer to questions 2, 4, 6 and 8.
1. How many are in a dozen? (12)

2. 3000 1440 980
3. How many bones are there in the human body? (206)
4. 16th 17th 20th
5. What position was Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban in the Harry Potter series? (Third)
6. 2 3 4
7. What day in January do Japanese celebrate their "coming of age"? (2nd Mon.)
8. Second Third Fourth
9. What order among Tokugawa Shogun was Yoshimune? (8th)
10. Fifth Tenth Twentieth
Just Two Review Questions

What is your opinion of globalization? Why? Where does Friday come before Thursday?
Divide the words to find the answer: FRidAycomESbefORETHURsdayintHEDicTIonARY
45
7 Earth
Read these questions to your partner. The correct answer is followed by x. B go to page 96.
1. Which planet is earth from the sun?

a) the second b) the third x c) the fourth
2. The part of the earth covered with water is?

a) 1/4 b) 1/3 c ) 3/4 x
3. CO2 is a) carbon oxide. b) carbon dioxide. x c) oxydol.
4. Science says the earth is how old?

a) 6,000 years b) 4.5 billion years x c) 2 million years
5. The Great Barrier Reef is off the coast of

a) Scotland. b) Australia. x c) the U.S.. d) Malaysia.
6. A person who studies rocks is called

a) a stonologist. b) a geologist. x c) a rock artist. d) a rock star.
7. The most common element of the earth is a) water. b) iron. x (32%) c) air.
8. The third longest river is

a) the Amazon. b) the Mississippi. x c) the Volga.
9. The hot rocks that come out of a volcano are called

a) lava. x b) red rocks. c) hot licks.
10. The largest ocean is a) the Pacific. x b) the Atlantic. c) the Indian.
2. Listening: Earth Day

Listen and check your answers. (CD Track 18)
The first Earth Day was organized in __________ to draw attention to the pollution of the soil, air, and
water. Earth Day is now observed in __________ nations by hundreds of millions of people. Earth Day
____ ___ April 22 and the celebrations include outdoor performances, exhibits, street fairs, and __________
programs that focus on environmental issues. At the U.N., Earth Day is celebrated in March, at the equinox,
when the sun passes into the northern hemisphere and begins the northern spring. On this day, it is
traditional to ________ the Japanese Peace Bell, which was __________ by Japan to the United
Nations in 1954. The equinox, in case you don't know, is that ________ in time when the sun is directly
above the earth’s equator, resulting in days and nights of _______ length. The equinox occurs twice a year.
Along with Earth Day, numerous communities celebrate Earth Week, a/an _______ week of activities
focused on the environmental challenges the world faces.
46
You will read about one of the causes of global warming. Be prepared to answer questions about your
reading and to ask questions about others.
Carbon dioxide
Main source:
Country that produces the most:
CFCs
What are they used in?
Are they banned?
Deforestation:
What are the two ways cutting trees contributes to global warming?
……………………………………..…………………………..
…………………………………………………….…………..
Methane gas
Where does it come from?
What will happen if the ice at the Arctic Circle melts?
Nitrous oxide
What percent of global warming comes from nitrous oxide?
How long does it stay in the atmosphere?
Some Fun
Work with a partner. Write your answers.
1. Which planet is closest to the sun?

If you took three eggs away from seven
2. Name two gasses. eggs, how many eggs would you have?
3. Name two oceans.
4. How many continents are there?
5. Name two deserts.
6. What are three countries in Southeast Asia?
7. Where is the Amazon rainforest?
8. What color are polar bears?
9. Which is bigger, the Atlantic or the Indian Ocean?
10. What is the largest country in South America?
youwOUldhaVeThrEebeCauSeyouToOkthreE
47
4. Language Focus: Comparatives and Superlatives
Look at the chart.
Type Adjective Comparative Superlative

One syllable big bigger the biggest
Two syllables ending with -y fancy fancier the fanciest
Two or more syllables not beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful
ending with -y
Irregular good better the best
far farther the farthest
4.1 Practice. Complete the sentences with words from the chart. Compare with your partner.
1. Okinawa is __________ Japanese Prefecture.
2. Pluto is __________ from Earth than Jupiter is.
3. China has __________ population.
4. I have been studying hard so my grades are getting _________.
5. Which is __________, Gucci or Uniqlo?
4.2 Practice. Put the words in these sentences in the correct order.
1. third / the / is / earth /the / sun / planet / from / the
2. hottest / 1991 / the / was / the / year / in / century / last
3. son / taller / than / I / 1/2 / am / meter / youngest / my / a
4. covered / the / earth’s / three-quarters / surface / of / is / with / water
5. cause / the / greatest / warming / of / global / dioxide / carbon / is
4.3 Ten Questions. Students work in pairs or small groups. Student B thinks of an animal. The others
try to guess what animal B is thinking of. If wrong, B gives a clue using a comparative.
Example:
A: Are you thinking of a bear?
B: No, it is smaller than a bear.
A: Are you thinking of a bird?
B: No, it is bigger and slower than a bird.
A: Are you thinking of a dog?
B: Yes! Well done!

A man walks into a bar with a giraffe. He says, “A beer for me and one for my giraffe.” And they stand around drinking for hours
until the giraffe passes out on the floor. The man pays and gets up to leave. The bartender says, “Hey! You’re not going to leave
that lyin’ on the floor, are you?” The man says, “That’s not a lion, it’s a giraffe.”
48
Some Fun
Use a coin. One side is one, the other side is two. Take turns flipping the coin and moving that many spaces.
Use one marker for both students. Make sentences comparing the objects in the boxes. One point for each
sentence.
Keep Score!!
Shohei Ohtani Japan

airplanes
START &
&
the USA &
Your Father cars ▼
►
Hokkaido
SUMMER PIZZA
&
& cities
& Okinawa
&
WINTER okonomiyaki
◄ small towns
▼
Rock Rugby Osaka Men

&
& & Tokyo &
Classical Chess Women ▼
►
The mountains Kimura Takuya

giraffes cheetahs
&
& & & 99 Okamura
koalas turtles The beach
◄
▼
television GUCCI cats

& & & FINISH
video games UNIQLO dogs
►
49
5. Conversation Builder 7: Expressing Differing Opinions
To acknowledge an opinion and offer a different one we say:
That sounds interesting, but I think…
That’s not a bad idea. On the other hand, I feel….
You may have a point, but I think…
To be frank, I disagree. I think...
5.1 Student A read the sentence. Student B offer a different opinion.

1. People should get married at age 20.
2. Smoking should be allowed on airplanes.
3. University exams should be more difficult.
4. Being polite is not important.
5. Classes should be longer.
5.2 Student B read the sentence. Student A offer a different opinion.

1. Learning English is not important.
2. Rock music is terrible.
3. University life is boring.
4. It is OK to waste paper.
5. The government should increase taxes.
5.4 Follow the cues to make a conversation.

A: Hi B.
A: Greet B B: Hello A. How are you?
B: Greet A A: Good, thanks, but club activities take up too
much time.
A: Express an opinion B: That’s true, but clubs and circles are fun.
B: Express a differing opinion / Explain why A: I agree. On the other hand, I get too tired.
B: You have a point, but clubs and circles are
A: Respond / Express a differing opinion more productive than playing video games or
B: Express a differing opinion (use a comparative) something.
A: Sorry, what did you say?
A: Ask for repetition B: I said, “Clubs activities are better than
B: Repeat differing opinion wasting time on video games or something.”
A: Of course, but I need more time to study and
A: Respond / Explain spend more time in class.
B: Respond / Close B: I see. Hey, it’s getting late. I have to go.
A: Me too. See you.
A: End
Something to talk about: How many days and how many hours should people work, study, spend in class?
50
Choose four questions. Ask four people and write their answers using full sentences. Try to use
comparatives and superlatives in your answers.
1. What is your favorite sport? Why?

2. Do you prefer Japanese movies or Western movies? Why?
3. Would you rather visit America or Europe? Why?
4. Which would you prefer to eat, pizza or okonomiyaki? Why?
5. Do you like Disneyland or USJ more? Why?
6. Would you rather go to the beach or the mountains? Why?
7. What is your favorite season? Why?
8. What is your favorite day? Why?
9. Who is your favorite actor? Why?
10. What is your favorite holiday? Why?

Fractions and decimals. English fractions use the ordinal numbers. The numerator, the top number, is
spoken and then the bottom number is an ordinal number. For example, 1/5 is spoken as “one fifth.” The dot
in numbers is called a decimal point and is spoken as “point.” For example, 5.3 is “five point three.”
Ask your partner the missing numbers. B go to page 96.

E.g. “What number is in A2?”
A B C D E
1 1/5 12,120,121 3/7
2 70.17 1.1
3 .08 3/4 9.9
4 3/25 89.9
5 1,000.7 2 3/4 2/9
8. S2S Dictation A
Read this to your partner. Then write what your partner reads. Student B go to the bottom of p. 96. (Use
“How do you spell...” if needed.)
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and is one of four planets in the solar system made of rock and
metal. Earth is the only planet where liquid water is known to exist. It is also the only place in the Universe
known to support life. The inside of the Earth is very hot. The temperature at the core reaches 4,700
degrees C.
51
9. Reading 7
9.1 Match a word in the first column to a phrase in the second column, then use the words in the text below.
Be careful to change forms when needed. Finally, listen to check your answers.
1. century a....a task that will test a person’s ability

2. challenge b....to make something bigger in size or amount
3. warmest c....the degree of heat as shown on a thermometer
4. increase d....one hundred years
5. temperature e....this word is the superlative form of an adjective
6. human f....people
7. on record g....investigations, often scientific
8. research h....known and written
Climate Change
Some people believe that global warming is the greatest __________ facing our planet. Scientists say
that most of the __________ increase has been caused by greenhouse gas. These gases are produced by
__________ activity. Most scientists agree that the planet’s temperature has ________ 0.5 degrees since
1900 and will continue to increase. The world is getting warmer. The year 2010 was the hottest year
_________ and 1991 was the hottest year in the last __________. The years 2010, 2005, 1998, 1991 have
been measured to be the __________ four years in the last hundred years. __________ shows that the
temperature of the earth is likely to rise from 1.4°C to 5.8°C within a period of 100 years.
1. I have accepted the ___________ to run a marathon.
2. Last year was the ___________ of the decade.
3. Autumn is coming. The ___________ is dropping.
4. The world population is ___________ every year.
5. The last decade was the warmest in a ____________.
6. Computers can defeat ___________ in chess.
7. The professor is very busy with his ___________.
8. The boss is ___________ as saying he will give us a raise.
BTW: Temperature, temper, and temperament, words that have to do with measuring and maintaining heat, are related to tempo,
temporary, and contemporary, words that have to do with time.
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10. 6AW 7 Quiz
1. The author says he should have a) stayed in Bangkok. b) gone straight across India. c) gone home.
2. He says he was too a) hungry b) curious c) tired to go across India quickly.
3. The author says India was a) too interesting to pass through quickly. b) an acquired taste.
c) in the southern hemisphere.
4. The author’s “quick trip” around India took a) 1 month. b) 3 months. c) over 5 months.
5. Earl says the author should not have a) gone to India. b) spent so much time in India. c) eaten chilis.
6. In India, the author got a) malaria. b) hepatitis. c) tired of it all.
7. The first symptom of his illness was like the flu. a) true b) false
8. The author says the whites of his eyes a) hurt. b) turned yellow. c) were tired.
9. He went to Nepal to a) recuperate. b) see Mt. Everest. c) go hiking.
10. To “get on someone’s nerves,” means a) to bother or annoy someone. b) to get nervous.
c) to fall in love.
11. Geography Quiz

Answer the questions. Compare your answers with a partner, and then check the answers on page 97.
1. Which mountains are higher? a) The Andes b) The Rockies

2. Which country has the longest coastline? a) Russia b) Canada c) Japan
3. Which lake has the larger surface area? a) Baikal b) Michigan
4. Which river is longer? a) Amazon b) Nile
5. Which is the deepest ocean? a) The Pacific b) The Atlantic c) Indian
6. Which is the highest waterfall? a) Niagra Falls b) Angel Falls c) Victoria Falls
7. Which is older? a) Osaka b) Tokyo
Review Questions
1. What is CO2?
2. When was the first Earth Day?
3. What do they do at the U.N. at the spring equinox?
4. Which greenhouse gas is considered to be the largest contributor to global warming?
5. How does deforestation add to global warming?
53
8 Cities
1. Find Someone Who…
Walk around the class. Ask classmates “Do” questions. If the answer is “Yes,” ask a follow up question.
Write the answers. After exchanging three questions change partners.
Eg: Naomi shops every weekend with her sister. Or Naomi shops every weekend in Umeda.
Name and more info.

1… go shopping every weekend?
2… study every day?
3… eat out once a month?
4… play sports twice a week?
5… go to the movies every month?
6… always eat breakfast?
7… work at your part-time job three times a week?
8… listen to music every evening?
9… play a musical instrument every week?
10… go to Namba once a month?
11… ride a bus five times a week?
12… ride a bicycle more than three times a week?
13… eat pizza a couple of times a month?
14… rent a video often?
15… sing karaoke a couple of times a month?
2. Listening: Cities
A megacity is _________ defined as a metropolitan _______ with a total population of more than ten
million people. In 2018, there __________ over twenty megacities – with Mumbai, Tokyo, Seoul, New
York City, and Mexico City having ___________ of _________ twenty million people. These areas are
__________ called, “greater” meaning the core _______ and the cities neighboring it. Greater Los Angeles,
for example, stretches from Ventura in the north to Irvine in the south and __________ cities like Pasadena,
Anaheim and Long Beach. Greater Tokyo is __________ considered the __________ megacity. More
people live in cities than ever before. In 1800, only __________ of the world’s population ______ in cities.
The number rose to ____________ by the end of the twentieth century.
54
You will read about a city. Be prepared to answer questions about your reading and to ask questions about
other readings.
Name of city Name of city

Country Country
Population Population
Population Density Population Density
Famous for Famous for

Country Country

Country Country
What City Am I In? (Answers below)
1. I am looking up at the world’s largest dome. It is the home to the world’s largest Christian church. I
smell spaghetti.
2. I am standing on a bridge looking down at a world famous opera house. The architect who designed the
opera house was inspired by aboriginal people who ate clams at the spot where the opera house stands.
3. I am looking at the world’s second or third longest suspension bridge. It spans the Golden Gate.
4. I am looking at a famous volcano. The beach is nice. Women in grass skirts are dancing.
5. I am standing on a bridge over one of the world’s most famous rivers. Calls to prayer fill the air. This
morning I visited some of the world’s oldest man-made structures.
A farmer has two and a half piles of hay in one corner of a field, and three and a half piles in
another corner of the same field. How many piles will he have if he puts them all together?
Separate the words to find the answers:

What City Am I In?: 1tHevaticaN2syDney3saNfranCisCo4hoNolulu5caiRo
Farmer: IfheputstheMtogetheR,heWillhaveonebIgpile.
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4. Language Focus: Adverbs of Frequency
These words and expressions answer the question, “How often?” We

Always
usually use the simple present tense to tell or ask about habits
routines or regular occurrences. The adverb goes before the verb or after Almost always
“be.” E.g. I often listen to the radio. / I am always on time.
Time markers: "every" (day); "twice" (a week); "three times" (a month); Usually
"once in a while, "and "usually" come at the end of a sentence. They can
sometimes be at the beginning of a sentence. Often / Frequently
E.g. He plays golf every weekend. / Every day, he eats a hot dog.
4.1 Practice. Put the words in order to make sentences. Sometimes
1. goes / the / around / once / a / sun / year / earth / the

Rarely / Seldom
/ Hardly ever
2. months / three / once / grandparents / visits / every / his / he / Almost never
3. go / rarely/ they / anywhere Never
4. we / often / cinema / went / to / the
5. mother / she / hardly ever / her / calls
6. times / three / I / week / it / do / a
4.2 "How Often" Trivia

Choose the correct answer.
1. How often are the Olympics held? a) in four years b) every four years c) by four years
2. How often do we celebrate anniversaries? a) once a year b) one year c) in a year
3. How often is this class? a) every day b) every couple of days c) once a week
4. How often does the earth rotate on its axis? a) one day b) once a day c) 24 hours
5. How often does Doraemon reach into his magic pocket? a) almost every week b) hardly ever c) never
6. How often is the Tenjin Matsuri? a) every July b) every once in a while c) hardly ever
7. How often do you cut your own hair? a) always b) sometimes c) rarely d) never
Uses of like
Use like as a verb to talk about something you enjoy or think is nice: I like ice cream.
Remember: Use be like to describe something that does not change quickly. It is often used in questions:
What is your father like? He is funny and kind, but a little strict.
Match the questions with the answers.
1. What is Osaka like? a. It is sunny all the time.

2. Do you like living alone? b. It is a friendly and safe city.
3. What is the public transport like in San Francisco? c. Not really. I miss my family.
4. What do you like best about living in Tokyo? d. It’s good. There is a subway.
5. What is the weather like in Sydney? e. The food is delicious.
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5. Conversation Builder 8: Likes, Dislikes & Preferences
To ask and answer questions about likes and dislikes we say

Do you like (to)… (ing) Do you enjoy…(ing)?
Yes, I like (to)… (ing) / enjoy…(ing). No, I don’t like (to)… (ing) / enjoy…(ing)
To ask about preferences we can say

Do you prefer (to) ...(ing)...or (to) ...(ing)? Would you rather … or …?
Which do you like more (to) ...(ing)...or (to) ...(ing)?
I prefer (to) ... (ing)
To express indifference we say

It’s up to you / It doesn’t make a difference / Whatever you decide is fine with me / I don’t care
5.1 Student A ask B if he or she likes these activities and how often he/she does them. B will respond.
study English go to the cinema play a musical instrument eat pizza
5.2 Student B ask A if he or she likes these activities and how often he/she does them. A will respond.
go shopping play badminton ride a bicycle use a computer
5.4 Create a conversation by following the cues.
A: Hi B.
A: Greet B
B: Hello A.
B: Greet A A: Tell me, do you like shopping?
A: Ask B if he/she likes something B: Yes. I like it a lot.
B: Answer “yes.” A: How often do you go shopping?
B: I go almost every weekend.
A: Ask “how often”
A: Really? By the way, would you rather shop in
B: Answer Namba or Umeda?
A: Respond / Change the subject / Ask preference B: Sorry. What did you say?
B: As for repetition A: Would you rather shop in Namba or Umeda?
B: I prefer Umeda.
A: Repeat
A. Ah. Why?
B: State preference B. It is closer to my house. It is more convenient.
A: Ask “why” A: I see. That’s understandable, but I like Namba.
B: Explain (Use comparatives) Hey, it’s getting late. I have to go.
B: Okay. Take it easy. Bye.
A: Respond / Differ / Close
B: End
Something to talk about: What is the most valuable / beautiful / unusual thing you own?
57
6. Write Four Questions: Ask Four People "How often" Questions.
Write four "How often" questions on a piece of paper. Ask four people. Write the answers in full sentences.
Eg. How often do you cook? Ans: John never cooks.
Below are six figures. The name of the shape is determined by the number of sides the figure has. Tri-,
for example, means "three," so the three-sided figure is a triangle. Write A next to the triangle. Quad-
often means "four." There are two four-sided figures. One is a diamond and the other is a parallelogram,
a four-sided shape in which each side is parallel to its opposite side. Write B next to the diamond and C
next to the parallelogram. Pent- means five, so the pentagon has five sides. Write D next to the pentagon.
Hex- means six, so write E next to the hexagram. Oct- means eight as in octopus, and octave. Interestingly,
October is now the tenth month, but it was the eighth month in the ancient Roman calendar. An octagon
has eight sides. Write F next to the octagon.
8. S2S Dictation A
Read this to student B. Then write what B says. B go to page 97. (Use “How do you spell...” if needed.)
Greater Osaka, which is Osaka, Kobe, and Kyoto, form Japan's second largest urban area and ranks as
the 12th largest urban area in the world. With a population of about 17,000,000 and a land area of 3,200
square kilometers, Greater Osaka has a population density of 5,200 people per square kilometer making it
the densest urban area in Japan.
Plan a Day in a City
Work with your partner. Make a 24 hour plan in a city of your choice. Plan the day in detail. Use these
questions to help.
1. Which city will you visit?

2. How will you get there?
3. How will you travel around the city?
4. What will you eat and drink?
5. What will you do in the evening?
6. What will be the most important thing you do?
Share your plan with other students.

58
9. Reading 8
9.1 Read the pie chart.
The Populations of Japan’s Biggest Cities
9.2 Match a word in the first column to a phrase in the second column, then use the words in the text below.
Be careful to change forms when needed.
1. often a....the number of people who live in an area

2. pie b....the total of added numbers.
3. fifth c....a superlative
4. largest d....planned or expected; should
5. population e....people who live in an area
6. sum f....an adverb of frequency
7. inhabitants g....a circular pastry
8. is supposed to h....it comes before sixth in order
The __________ chart shows the _________ of Japan’s five ________ cities. The _______, the added
total, is 19,450,608. Tokyo is the largest city in Japan and is __________ considered the largest megacity
in the world. The second largest Japanese city is Yokohama, which is a part of Greater Tokyo. Osaka is the
third largest city. It has a population of over 2.5 million. Greater Osaka is usually said to have over
ten million and is considered a megacity. Nagoya is Japan’s fourth largest city and Sapporo, in Hokkaido, is
the __________ most populous city. In Japan, a city ________ have 50,000 or more _________. Some older
cities have gotten smaller, but are still called cities. The least populous Japanese city is Utashinai,
Hokkaido with a population of six thousand.
9.3 Answer these questions.

1. What is the population of Yokohama? (Say it in English!)
2. Why do you think this kind of chart is called a pie chart?
3. Is the population of Tokyo three times larger than Osaka?
4. Which city is represented by the lightest area?
59
10. 6AW 8 Quiz
1. The author got the flu in India. a) true b) false c) the video doesn't say
2. He went to Nepal to recuperate. a) true b) false c) unknown
3. The author went to Kathmandu for a) a month. b) a few days. c) a week and a half.
4. In Bodnarth, there is a famous a) Catholic church. b) Buddhist shrine. c) restaurant.
5. In Bodnarth, the author was a) happy and energetic. b) excited to go hiking. c) sick and depressed.
6. Malaria is transmitted by a) a kiss. b) mosquitos. c) dirty food.
7. "Delirium" is dizziness caused by a high fever. a) true b) false c) the video doesn’t say
8. Earl says the photos of Peshawar are a) not very good. b) beautiful. c) extremely interesting.
9. At the border of Turkey and Iran, the author got on a plane and flew to Germany. a) true b) false
10. He went to Kiel because he wanted to get work a) on yachts. b) teaching English. c) writing.
Review Questions
1. If someone asks, What is your sister like? you might answer a) She is fine. b) She is funny and smart.
2. Amagasaki is in Greater Osaka. True or False?
3. Is it true that rarely, seldom and hardly ever have the same meaning?
4. What is the population of Greater Osaka?
5. How often do you ride the JR Osaka Loop Line?
6. Why is the US Defense Dept. Headquarters called the Pentagon?
BTW: You just took turns and you might have taken a guess in this unit. What else can you "take?" You
can take a trip, take a photo, take a test, and the test may take an hour or so. You can take a look at
something while you are taking the bus or while a plane is taking off. "Take" can mean something like
"need" when someone says "I take size 10," or "The car takes un-leaded gas." You can also be taken by
surprise or taken as a fool. You can take a break, take a bite out of something, take some medicine, take a
bath, take a nap, and take a breath. There are more ways to use "take." If you take your studies seriously,
you might take a look at the other ways "take2 can be used.
60
Some Fun
Use a coin. One side is one, the other side is two. Take turns flipping the coin and moving that many spaces.
Say what is written. Use one marker for two people so you don’t have to repeat what the other person says.
Start ► 5/8 7,700,007 Today’s date

▼
▼ 7 1/7 Today’s Say these numbers:
13
.01 temperature 30
◄
404,404.04 Say what time you

5/27 ► got up this morning. Say your
shoe size
▼
Your height 1/5+1/5=2/5 60.16 1/2÷1/2=1
▼ ◄
1/4=.25=25%
17
Your birthday ► What is the third
70
month?
▼
20;
30-13 = 17 17 X 70 = 3,313,303,003
◄
12
▼ 1,190
What period is this class? 14,404,014.4 10>7 ▼
►
4.5+4=8.5
When is your mother’s 30=50% of 60 July 5, 1987

FINISHED birthday? ◄
61
9 Money
1. Quiz
Answer these questions then compare your answers with a partner.

1. How long has there been printed money?
a) about 300 years b) between 1,000 and 1,500 years c) over 2,000 years
2. What year was the euro introduced?
a) 1850 b) 2002 c) 1973 d) 1950
3. How many currencies are there in the world?
a) 63 b) 191 c) around 1,000
4. The word “counterfeit” means?
a) fake b) Monopoly money c) a bank deposit d) a pirate
5. What is cash?
a) money in the bank b) credit cards c) bills and coins d) credit rating
6. Where is money made?
a) a mint b) of gum c) a bank d) a printing company
7. How long does a bill in the United States circulate?
a) 42 months b) 10 years c) 1 1/2 years
8. The first country to make coins was called Lydia. It is in which modern country?
a) China b) Turkey c) Egypt d) Mexico
2. Listening: Money
Money is what people accept as payment for goods, services and __________ of debts. Paper money,
sometimes called banknotes or ___________ , was first used in China during the Song Dynasty. That was
between 1,000 and 1,500 years __________, so the answer to number 1 is __________. The euro, the
currency of the European Union, was created slowly, but the currency was introduced in 2002. The answer
to number 2, then, is __________. There are 191 __________ currencies in the world. Number 3 is also b.
In number 4, the word counterfeit means “fake.” Cash, the answer to number 5, is bills and coins. Cash is
money in its __________ obvious form. In number 6, money is made, that is bills are printed and coins are
pressed, in a __________. The answer to number 7 is 42 months. That is the __________ length of time a
bill in the U.S. is circulated. Larger bills __________ longer, however, and smaller bills circulate a shorter
time. Number 8 is interesting. Lydia was a country in what is now __________ almost 3,000 years ago.
Coins were first used there.
Something to talk about: Would you rather be rich and ignorant or poor and intelligent?
62
You will read about a currency. Be prepared to answer questions about your currency and to ask about other
currencies.
Name of currency and the country Name of currency and the country
Are there smaller units? Are there smaller units?
Currency market rank Currency market rank
Some Fun
Match the currency with its abbreviation and symbol:

1. British pound sterling AUD ($)
2. Euro CHF (Fr)

3. Japanese yen HKD ($)
4. Australian dollar EUR (€)
5. Swedish krona CAD ($)
6. New Zealand dollar JPY (¥)
7. Swiss franc SEK (kr)
8. South Korean won GBP (£)
9. Canadian dollar NZD ($)
10. Hong Kong dollar KRW (₩)
BTW The root of the word “currency” is cur- which means “to run.” Money passes (runs) from one person to another. This is
also the root of “current,” which is the flow of running water and electricity. "Cur" is also in “excursion,” “recur,” “incur” and
“curriculum,” which was originally a horse-race track, but today means all the courses a student must take to get a degree.
63
4. Language Focus: at, on, in
Space: Time:
I live at 323 Pine St. I arrive at 5:30.

I live on Pine St. I arrive on Friday.
I live in New York. I arrive in June.
When at, on or in is used to place things in space or time at is the most precise, the most specific. On is next
in specificity followed by in. Exceptions: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night.
4.1 Write at, in or on, in the blanks.

1. The plane leaves from New York ____ 7:10 ____ the 15th.
2. I lived ____ France for three months ____ 2008.
3. The store ____ First Avenue will open ____ Sunday ____ 10:00.
4. The sun sets ____ about 9:00 ____ the evening ____ summer.
5. ____ Christmas Day I have to go to work ____ 6:00 a.m.
6. He was born ____ 5:30 p.m. ____ July 10th ____ 2007 ____ a hospital ____ Main Street.
7. There was an accident ____ Wilson St. ____ New York ____ Friday.
4.2 Put the words in the correct order.
1. here / at / I / 6:00 / got.

2. the / arrives / minutes / train / in / ten.
3. 1996 / finished / in / she.
4. don’t / I / like / at / driving / night.
5. in / born / Carol / was / 1978
6. England / go / planning / in / I / am / to / to / winter.
7. she / on / March / party / a / 5th / had.
8. on / Midosuji / shop / is / Blvd. / the (Blvd. is the abbreviation for boulevard, a wide city street.)
9. I / in / start / job / will / my / new / June
10. born / 6:00 / on / Saturday / Tokyo / niece / my / was / in / at
Something to talk about: What would you do if you won ¥100,000, ¥1,000,000? What about ¥100,000,000?
64
5. Conversation Builder 9: Invitations and Suggestions
To invite someone to do something

Would you like to… Do you want to...
To accept
I would love to / like to...
For a less formal invitation we can use suggestions

Let’s… How about... Why don’t we...
To accept
Yes. Sounds great. Sure.
5.1 Student A read these situations to B. B listen and invite A to do something. A accept B’s
invitation.
It is going to rain tomorrow There is a new movie at the theater I want to try yoga
5.2 Student B read these situations to A. A listen and invite B to do something. B accept A’s
invitation.
There is a new shop I want to visit I have a lot of free time this weekend The weather is great

A: Good morning B.
A: Greet B B: Good morning.
A: Tell me, do you prefer going to the beach
B: Greet A
or to the mountains?
A: Ask B’s preference.
B: I like the beach.
B: State your preference A: Really? Why do you prefer the beach?
A: Respond / Ask “why” B: I think surfing is more exciting than skiing.
B: Answer with a comparative / Invite A to something Would you like to try surfing?
A: Accept A: I’d love to!
B: Suggest a day to meet B: Okay, let’s go on Saturday.
A: Agree / Suggest a time and place to meet A: Great. Why don’t we meet at school in the
morning?
B: Ask for clarification
B: Did you say at school?
A: Clarify / Suggest time and place to meet
A: Yes. How about meeting at the main gate at
B: Agree / Ask for clarification 10:30?
A: Clarify / Close B: Sounds good. On Saturday, right?
B: End A: Good. Hey, I have to go. See you then.
B: See ya!
A Little Pronunciation Practice.
Sam sipped soup and saw a flying saucer.
65
Choose four questions and ask four people. When you answer questions, use the comparative form of
adjectives.
1. Would you rather visit Australia or the USA? Why?
2. Do you prefer pizza or okonomiyaki? Why?
3. Would you rather go to a dance club or a movie? Why?
4. Do you prefer the mountains or the beach? Why?
5. Would you rather watch TV or watch YouTube? Why?
6. Do you prefer rock or pop? Why?
7. Would you rather watch a movie at home or at the cinema? Why?
8. Do you prefer summer or winter? Why?
9. Do you prefer Disneyland or USJ? Why?
10. Would you rather eat Italian food or Chinese food? Why?
7. All About Numbers: Prefixes

Prefixes are letters added to the beginning of words. The numerical prefixes will help you understand what
a word means. Cent, for example, means one hundred. A century is one hundred years, and a centenarian is
someone who lives to be one hundred years old. Other examples:
a. mon, uni one: monorail, unicycle

b. bi two: bicycle, biweekly
c. tri three: tricycle, triple
d. quad four: quadrangle, quarter
e. dec ten: decimal, decade
f. cent hundred: centimeter, centipede
g. mili thousand: milliliter
h. multi multiple, many: multi-national company
Match the words with the meaning.
1. unique ...one tone, no change, boring
2. tripod ...out of 100
3. percent ...one of a kind
4. bicentennial ...having three legs
5. monotonous ...a two hundredth anniversary
6. multi-faceted ...having many different elements
7. decathlon ...a competition with ten different events
8. S2S Dictation A
Read this to your partner. Then write what your partner reads. Student B go to page 97. (Use “How do you
spell...” if needed.)
PayPal is an internet service that makes it possible for anyone with an email address to send and receive
money using an internet browser or even a cell phone. When you sign up as a member, PayPal first checks
your email account and lends you up to $250 credit so you can pay for something right away. To pay for
something more expensive, you have to give your credit card number.
66
9. Reading 9
9.1 Match the word on the left with its definition. Then, put the words into the text.
1. emergency a….doing well or accomplishing a goal
2. inconvenient b….something owed
3. monthly c….urgent, immediately important
4. success d.…every month
5. debt e….someone who buys goods or services
6. customer f….difficult, troublesome
7. embarrassing g.…extra money repaid on a loan
8. interest h….a feeling like shame for having done something stupid

The First Credit Card
One reason to carry credit cards is they could help in an __________. Interestingly, it was an
emergency that led to the invention of modern credit cards. In the 1920s some companies gave special
_______ cards that they could use at their store. This was __________, however, because the customer had
to carry a card for each store. In the 1950s this changed when Frank McNamara forgot to bring his mon-
ey to a restaurant. At that __________ moment he got the idea of a single card that could be used at many
different places. The Diner’s Club Card was born.
The Diner’s Club Card is a card that can be used at different restaurants and it was an immediate
__________. It was so successful, in fact, that banks got into the business and started giving cards of their
own. Then the Bank of America was the first to allow customers to make small __________ payments on
their __________. Of course, you have to pay __________ on what you owe.
1. If you borrow money from a bank you have to pay _______.

2. It was a/an _______. The ambulance rushed my friend to the hospital.
3. Is _______ measured by money or happiness?
4. I like my apartment, but it is far from the station. It’s very _______.
5. I like working as a waitress, but sometimes the _______ can be rude.
6. I went to play tennis, but forgot my sneakers. It was _______.
7. Don’t borrow money. Stay out of _______.
8. I pay my rent _______.
9.3 Ask your partner. Write the answers.

1. Do you have a credit card? Would you like a credit card? What would you buy with it?
2. Do you know the interest rates charged on credit card debt? Is it fair?
3. At what age should a person get a credit card? Why?
4. Do you think people should be able to buy things with their cell phones?
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10. 6AW 9 Quiz
1. The author’s first job in Kiel was as a) a dishwasher. b) a teacher. c) a yachtsman.
2. The author's second job was a) in a factory. b) on yachts. c) teaching English.
3. The author went to the doctor and got healthy. a) true b) false c) the video doesn't say
4. Winter in Kiel was a) warm. b) cold. c) not so bad.
5. His mother visited him in Germany. a) true b) false
6. How long did the author spend in Kiel? a) a month b) a year c) about six months
7. Kiel is in the a) north b) south c) west of Germany.
8. Platt Deutsch is a) more b) less similar to English than High German.
9. The video shows the mountains around Kiel. a) true b) false c) the video doesn't show the landscape
10. The author's mother is tall and has blonde hair. a) true b) false c) how would I know?
11. What Number?

Put the numbers into the correct sentences. Check your answers on page 97.
44 191 100 about 2 4 around 1,200
1. There are ______ currencies in the world.

2. The Romans were the first to stamp an image of a person on a coin. It was Julius Caesar in ______ B.C.
3. The average interest rate on a Japanese bank loan is ______ percent.
4. There are ______ cents in a US dollar.
5. Paper money was first used in China ______ years ago.
6. A modern bill counting machine can count 100 bills in ______ seconds.
Would you rather...

... win 1,000,000 yen now, or 100,000,000 yen in 2050?
... have a bad job with good pay, or a good job with bad pay?
... spend one million yen travelling, or shopping in Osaka?
Review Questions
1. What is "cash"?
2. What does "counterfeit" mean?
3. What is PayPal used for?
4. Can you think of something other than money that circulates?
5. What is the interest rate on a credit card in Japan?
68
10 Media
1. Media Survey
Ask three people about how they use different media. Find out if people use these forms of media, how much,
and what they do.
E.g. Do you watch TV? How often do you watch? What do you watch?
Name /
Media
Newspaper
Television
Radio
Computer
Facebook
Twitter
Other
2. Listening: Media
The mass media __________ technologies that reach a large number of people by mass communication.
Broadcast media are sometimes called __________ media and send information electronically, that is to say,
by television, radio, film, movies, CDs and DVDs. __________ media is newspapers, magazines,
comics, books, brochures, leaflets, and pamphlets. __________ media, such as email, websites, and
blogging can reach millions of people all around the world __________. There is some debate as to whether
or not cell phones, videos games and multiplayer online games should __________ considered mass media.
Outdoor media is a form of mass media that uses billboards and signs placed along __________, on
commercial buildings or on buses. Skywriting or using blimps is also mass media. The __________ form of
mass media is public speaking.
69
You will read about a country’s communication system. Be prepared to answer questions about your reading
and to ask questions about other readings.
What country?
What country?
Number of cell phones?
Rank in number of cell phones?
Number of Internet users?
Rank in number of Internet users?
Is there state-owned TV?
What country?
What country?
What country?
What country?
Some Fun
Some people use "text-speak" when they send messages. Discuss these questions with a partner.
Is there a text-speak in Japanese? Do you use it?
Do you know any English text-speak?
Should we use text-speak in other kinds of writing?
Now, write the text-speak next to the numbered words or phrases.
2moro u n cu @ gr8 wd luv thx ur xx r abt 4
1. your _____ 8. thanks _____

Can you write these text messages in regular English?
2. you _____ 9. at _____
Hi Katy. r u free 2morow? I have gr8 news 2 tell u.
3. see you _____ 10. kisses _____
luv Yuko
4. tomorrow _____ 11. are _____
5. love _____ 12. would _____ Hi Yuko! Thx 4 ur text. Wd luv 2 meet 2moro. c u @
6. and _____ 13. for _____ John's abt 5? - Katy
7. about _____ 14. great _____
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4. Language Focus: Modals
4.1 You are going to Hawaii to study and do a homestay for one year. Write 10 sentences about your plans
using the modal expressions and phrases below. Compare your sentences with a partner.
I have to / must I should I don’t have to

I will I won’t I shouldn’t
I can I can’t I must not

Take a good dictionary Forget my passport Learn about Hawaii before going
Take a credit card Pack a swimming suit Take a pet
Bring long underwear Take pots and pans Make copies of documents and credit cards
Take a lot of cash Take maps and travel guides Take a good book to read on the plane
Don't have to & Must not

We use must not in prohibitions (negative orders). E.g., You must not eat in the library.
We use do not have to to say something in unecessary. E.g, You do not have to pay. It is free.
Must not and do not have to are commonly used as contractions: Mustn't and don't have to.
4.2 Complete the sentences with must not or do not have to.
1. You __________ drink alcohol when you drive a car.
2. Students __________ wear formal clothes to class.
3. It rained so I __________ water my garden.
4. Children __________ stick their arms out of a moving car.
5. Tomorrow is a holiday so my father __________ go to work.
6. You __________ turn in your homework now. You can give it to me later.
7. I don't have class on Friday so I __________ get up early.
8. Students __________ think they can pass this course without studying.
4.3 Make sentences using must not or do not have to.

Beginnings Ends
In rugby wear shoes in a house.
In Europe hit your opponent below the belt.
In tennis use your cell phone.
In baseball bounce the ball before you serve.
In most stores pass the ball forwards.
In this university throw the bat.
In boxing eat in the cafeteria.
In this class take your shoes off at the door.
In Japan use a credit card.
Can you use the modals in the past tense?

I have a test tomorrow. I should study.
I had a test yesterday. ________________ .
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5. Conversation Builder 10: Asking for and Giving Advice
To ask for advice: What should I do (about)…?
To give advice use:

Should Ought to Had better (urgent) If I were you… Why don’t you…
Other useful terms are:

Don’t forget to… Make/Be sure to…. Try (not) to….
5.1 Student A ask for advice about the following situations. Student B give advice.
1. You argued with your mother.
2. You have a toothache.
3. You want to improve your English.
4. You are looking for a job.
5. You want to buy a new car.
5.2 Student B ask for advice about the following situations. Student A give advice.
1. Your rent has doubled.
2. You have an important test tomorrow.
3. Your motorbike doesn’t start.
4. You always oversleep.
5. You can’t sleep.

A: Greet B A: Hi B. How are you?
B: Good, thanks.
B: Greet A
A: What did you do last weekend?
A: Ask a question.
B: I worked at my part-time job.
B: Answer A: Oh. Do you have to work tonight?
A: Respond / Ask a follow up question. B: No. By the way, I have a test and a report due
B: Answer / Change the subject / Ask for advice tomorrow. What should I do?
A: Ask for repetition. A: Sorry, what did you say?
B: Repeat B: I said I have a test and a report due tomorrow.
A: Give advice. What should I do?
A: I think you should finish the report first and
B: Respond
then try to study for the test.
A: Give more advice ( Don’t forget, etc.)
B: Okay. I think you're right.
B: Respond / Close A: And don't forget to get some sleep. You won't
A: End conversation do well if you are too sleepy.
B: Thanks. I have to go.
A: See you.
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Write four questions on a piece of paper. Use “must” or “do you have to,” “can,” “will,” or “should.”
Then walk around and ask four different people. Write their answers in complete sentences.
If I were...
If I (past) I would (present). If I were you, I would go to the library and study.
This is a hypothetical statement. It is dealing with an imagined situation and is called the second
conditional.
6.1 Use the cues to make sentences in the second conditional.
1. If / win / lottery / what / do/? If you won the lottery, what would you do?
2. If / see / flying saucer / who / call?
3. If / have / one million dollars / what / buy?
4. If / can / meet / movie star / who / meet?
5. If / have / more time / what / do?
6. If / can / have dinner with any two people / who / choose?
7. If / have / one superpower / what power / choose?
After making the sentences, ask your partner the questions.
What do you wish...? (Wish + past)

6.2 Finish these sentences with your own ideas.
1. I wish I could...
2. I wish I had...
3. I wish I knew...
4. I wish my father/mother/teacher...
Ask your partner what he or she wishes.
Some Fun
Media Trivia. (Answers below)
1. How many views does YouTube get per day? a) 500,000, b) 1 million, c) over 2 billion
2. Where was the first newspaper printed? When was it?
3. In what country do they read the most newpapers?
4. How many texts does the average American teen send and receive each month?
a) 100 b) 500 c) 3,000 d) 15,000
5. Which do teens in developed countries spend more time with? a) TV b) computers c) video games
Divide the words for the answers.
1. ItisincrediblEbutYouTubegetsoVertwobilliOnviewsAday!
2. Thefirstnewspaperwasprintedin56bCinancIenTRoMe.
3. ThesWedesreadthemostneWspapers.
4. TheansweriSc.
5. Itisabitofasurprise,buTTeensstillspendmoRetimewatchinGtv.
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Line Graphs
7.1 Read the description of the graph.
The line starts at 1 with a value of 4. It

8
7
increases to 6 at 2. It decreases to 3 at 3
6
and then decreases to 2 at 4. It increases to
5 5 at 5, decreases to 2 at 6 and increases to
4
4 at 7. It is level from 7 to 8, decreases to 2
at 9 and increases to 4 at 10.
3
Remember: A graph is the gridlines and the data.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A chart has a title and a legend, as well.
7.2 Practice.
Student A describe the line graphs to B. Then listen and draw the graphs that B describes. B go to page 98.
8 8
7 7
6
6
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
8
8
7
7
6
6
5 5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
8. S2S Dictation A
Advertising is a form of communication for marketing. It can be used to get people to take action. Most
commonly, it hopes to get people to buy a certain product. This is not the only kind of advertising, however.
Political campaigns are also advertising, and non-profit organizations also advertise for donations. Jobs are
also advertised. Advertising is a huge global business.
74
9. Reading 10
9.1 Match the words with the best definition, then put them into the text. Be careful of the form.
1. invented a)....immediately
2. individual b)....created for the first time
3. centuries c)....a large amount of something
4. instantly d)....facts about someone or something
5. log in e)....sign in with a password
6. recently f)....one person
7. information g)....numerous one hundred year periods
8. mass h)....a short time ago
The Development of Media
The printing press was __________ more than 500 years ago and since then printed media has been an
important way to share news, ideas and entertainment. For __________ printed media was the best way to
spread ideas, but around 1910 things began to change. Radio started broadcasting.
Radio broadcasting began slowly around the start of the 20th century. The first station started in the USA
in 1920. Five years later the first Japanese station began to broadcast. Radio became popular quickly. It was
the most important type of media. Then TV arrived.
The first TVs were very big with small screens and most families only had one television set. Families
often sat together and watched one program. Since about 1990, there have been changes. Not only are TVs
smaller with bigger screens, there are now hundreds of channels. Also, many families have more than one
TV. People have more choices and family members can watch what they want. The biggest change in mass
media, however, has been the Internet.
Everything is now on “the Net.” Instead of reading a newspaper or some other form of printed media,
people can __________ their favorite website and get the news they want, when they want. Events from
halfway around the world are reported __________. Radio, movies, and games are also on the Internet.
Other things are changing as well. Cell phones allow __________ to communicate and share information.
Until __________, only a small group of __________ media producers, TV, newspaper or radio
broadcasters and writers could reach large numbers of people. Now people can upload __________ using a
cell phone and share it with people around the world.
1. You need a password to ____________.

2. Thanks for the _____________ about the test. It is helpful.
3. & 4. The printing press was ____________ in the 15th ___________.
5. I saw the problem and knew ____________ what was wrong.
6. __________ I have studied very hard and my grades are improving.
7. The president spoke to a __________ of people in the stadium.
8. Each ______________ child has a unique way of doing things.
BTW Tele- means “far.” What is “far” about “telephone,” “television,” and "telescope?"
75
10. 6AW 10 Quiz
1. How long did the author spend in Egypt? a) 1 week b) 1 month c) six months
2. The author says the area along the Nile River is a) green. b) old. c) strange.
3. “Ruins” are a) the remains of ancient buildings. b) the Egyptian currency. c) food.
4. “How come,” is another way to ask a) when? b) why? c) how much?
5. The author says, “Jerusalem was too interesting to pass through quickly.” a) true b) false
6. In Jerusalem, he worked a) in a restaurant. b) as a teacher. c) in a youth hostel.
7. A kibbutz is a a) communal farm. b) hostel. c) restaurant.
8. The author has beautiful photos of the kibbutz he worked on. a) true b) false c) the video doesn’t say.
9. An archeological dig is where ancient buildings are uncovered. a) true b) false

10. The author spent six months in Israel and a) was broke when he left. b) saved money.
c) then flew to Germany.
Linking Sounds
Remember: Linking is when the last
letter of a word joins to the first letter of
1. Is it OK to eat on the train?
the next word. This happens:
2. The game is cancelled because of rain. 1) When a word ends in a consonant and
3. I have a lot of friends in my hometown. the next starts with a vowel.
4. Life is what you make of it. 2) When a word ends with the same
letter the next word starts with.
5. When is it OK to call in sick? 3) When a word ends with a vowel
6. Why are you afraid of spiders? and the next word also begins with a
7. What team do you like? vowel. Draw in the linking sounds in the
sentences to the left.
8. We eat pizza almost every weekend.
9. He is a star in New Zealand.
10. Do you usually earn enough money?
I think͜ a lot͜ of people͜ like the Beatles.
Review Questions
1. Which country in the Read and Exchange Information activity ranked highest in cell phone users?
2. Do you know what "skywriting" is?
3. Have you ever seen a blimp?
4. What is something you had to do as a high school student that you don't have to do as a university student?
5. If you could live one year in any country, which country would you live in?
6. Have you ever posted a video clip on YouTube?
7. How often do you watch YouTube?
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11 Heart and Mind
1. Quiz
1. When do you feel your best?
a) in the morning b) during the afternoon and early evening c) late at night
2. How do you usually walk?

a) fast b) not so fast, head up c) at a normal pace, head down d) slowly
3. When talking to people, do you

a) fold your arms? b ) hold your hands? c) have hands in pockets? d) play with your ear, chin or hair?
4. When relaxing, do you sit with

a) your knees bent? b) your legs crossed? c) your legs out or straight? d) one leg curled under you?
5. When something really funny happens, do you

a) laugh loudly? b) laugh, but not loudly? c) chuckle? d) smile?
6. When you go to a party or social gathering, do you

a) try to get attention b) make a friendly entrance c) try to enter unnoticed
7. When you’re working very hard, and you’re interrupted, do you

a) welcome the break? b) feel irritated? c) sometimes feel a and b?
8. Which of the following colors do you like most?

a) red / orange b) black c) yellow d) green e) white f) brown / gray
9. When you are in bed at night, in the moments before going to sleep, do you usually lay
a) on your back? b) face down on your stomach? c) on your side, slightly curled?
d) with your head under the covers?
10. Do you often dream that you are

a) falling? b) fighting? c) searching for something? d) flying?
e) You don’t remember your dreams.
Check your answer and add your points:
1. (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 6. (a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 2
2. (a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d) 2 7. (a) 6 (b) 2 (c) 4
3. (a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 7 8. (a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 5 (d) 4 (e) 3 (f) 2
4. (a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 2 (d) 1 9. (a) 7 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 1
5. (a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 5 10. (a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5 (e) 6
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2. Listening
BOLD
If you __________ over 60 points, you have a/an __________ on other people. You are bold and want to
make other people notice you. Other people may __________ you and wish they could be like you.
ADVENTUROUS
If you scored __________ to 60 points you are someone who makes __________ decisions. You are
adventurous. Other people __________ see you as an exciting, impulsive personality, a natural
___________. People enjoy being in your company because of the excitement you create.
CHARMING
If you scored 41 to 50 points you are __________ and charming. Other people see you as someone
__________ and someone who will usually do the right thing. Often the ______________ of
attention, you do not think such attention is important. You will always try to help friends who need _____.
PRACTICAL
If you scored 31 to 40 points you are sensible and __________ practical decisions. You do not do things too
__________ or without thinking. When you make friends you are loyal. Other people see you as talented.
When you make __________ your mind to do something, you usually do it.
CAREFUL
If you scored 21 to 30 points you are someone who does not like to __________ mistakes. You examine
situations very __________ before making a decision. You always want to do what is right so other
people think you are __________.
SHY
If you scored under 21 points you are shy. You do not want to do something _________. You let others make
__________. You are a good friend. You always try to __________ people feel good.
3. Numerology
This is not science, it is superstition. For hundreds of years, people have studied the meaning of numbers. In
this system, you calculate a number using the letters of your first name. Each letter has a matching
number. Add the numbers to get your number. Using the chart below you can find out what your number
says about you. If your number is greater than nine, add the numbers together. That is, 12 = 1+2; 18 = 1+8.
Example: James = 1+1+4+5+1 = 12 = 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
A B C D E F G H I
J K L M N O P Q R
S T U V W X Y Z
What your number means:
1. Creative, inventive, positive. Prediction: You will be in charge of people.
2. Gentle, imaginative, romantic. Prediction: You will have a warm and loving family.
3. Ambitious, proud, a little bossy. Prediction: If not careful, you will waste money.
4. Rebellious, antisocial. Prediction: You will start your own business.
5. Excitable, impulsive, risk-taker. Prediction: You will take a long trip to a foreign country.
6. Romantic, loyal. Prediction: You will vounteer your time to help people.
7. Independent, individualistic. Prediction: Your unusual ideas might get you into trouble.
8. Solitary, a dreamer. Prediction: You will have some good ideas for business.
9. Determined, diligent. Prediction: Someday you will win an award at your job.
78
4. Language Focus: Make and Do
Make
Essentially “make” means to “create” or to cause something to happen. You make a cake, make noise, make
trouble or make friends. You also make people happy, sad, etc.
make a delivery, make a list, make a mess, make a phone call, make a point, make a profit, make an
effort, make money, make news, make room, make sense, make someone laugh, make sure,
make up (has multiple meanings), make up a story (same as create a story), make up your mind.
Do
On the other hand, “do” usually signifies simply performing an action without considering the results. So
you do aerobics or exercises, do business or do your job. You can do better or do worse.
do a dance, do chores, do favors, do harm, do it yourself, do (it or something) again,

do the dishes, do the laundry, do the right thing, do well, do your best, do your duty
4.1 Practice. Finish these sentences. Be careful of the form.

1. My sister is lazy. She loves just __________ nothing!
2. I am squeezed in here. Could you __________ a little room?
3. Excuse me. I have to __________ a phone call.
4. Who is going to __________ their best?
5. I __________ the bed in the morning before leaving home.
6. I don’t know what to do. I can’t ___________ up my mind.
7. I keep __________ the same mistake.
8. She finally __________ up her mind. She decided to go to Hawaii.
9. __________ me a favor, will you?
10. I heard the good news! It really __________ me happy.
4.2 Practice. Put "do" or "make" into the blank spaces. Then make a choice. Finally, compare with a
partner and discuss.
1. Which is the most difficult to _____?
a) ride a bicycle b) swim c) drive a car d) use a computer
a) a speech b) a new friend c) a phone call in English d) a meal for your family
a) homework b) yoga c) the dishes d) your daily chores
a) business in another language b) a science report c) someone a favor d) your best

a) a friend b) an enemy c) a mistake d) a cake
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5. Conversation Builder 11: Refusing, Making Other Plans
To refuse an invitation
I would love / like to but I can’t.

I’m sorry I can’t.
To make an excuse
I’m going to / I have to…
To make another plan we can use suggestions

Let’s…
How about…
Why don’t we…..
5.1 A invite B to these events. B refuse A's invitation and give an excuse.
a birthday party on Saturday go bowling dinner at an Italian restaurant
5.2 B invite A to these events. A refuse B’s invitation and give an excuse.
the movies next weekend pizza on Friday night go hiking
A: Greet B
B: Greet A
A: Ask if B likes something.

A: Hi B. How are you?
B: Answer B: Hi A. Good.
A: Tell me, do you like pizza?
A: Respond / Invite B to do something on a specific day.
B: Yes, of course.
B: Refuse / Give an excuse / Suggest another day. A: Great. Do you want to go out for pizza
Friday night?
A: Accept / Ask Preference.
B: I’d love to but I can’t Friday. I have to work.
B: Ask for repetition. How about Saturday?
A: Sounds good. Would you rather go to
A: Repeat the question.
Namba or Umeda?
B: Answer B: Sorry. What did you say?
A: Would you rather go to Namba or Umeda?
A: Agree / Suggest a time to meet
B: I’d rather go to Namba.
B: Agree / Close A: Okay. Let’s meet at the Station.
B: Okay. How about 7:00?
A: End conversation
A father and son were in a car A: Good. I’ll see you then.
accident. The father died and B: Okay. See you then
the son was taken to the
hospital. The doctor said, “I
cannot operate on this boy.
He is my son.” How is this
possible? ThEDoCtoRWasthEBoY’SmoTHeR
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Write questions starting with, What, When, Where and Which on a piece of paper. Ask four people and write
their answers in complete sentences.
Read these problems to B. B listen and calculate the answer. B go to page 99.
1. Susan invited 120 people to her wedding. Joe, her fiancé, invited only half as many. Thirty people were
not able to attend. How many people can Susan and Joe expect at their wedding?
2. A travel company had 350 seats on an airplane to Europe. On the first day customers made 127
reservations. A group of 64 businessmen reserved seats on the second day and two sports teams, 37 people
each, made reservations on the third day. How many empty seats remained?
3. A man bought a house for $60,000.00 and its value doubled twice in four years. How much was the house
worth?
8. S2S Dictation A
B go to the bottom of page 99. (Use “How do you spell...” if needed.)
There are five stages to sleep. Stage 1 starts after you fall asleep. If there is a noise or a bright light, you
wake up very easily. In Stage 2 your brain waves are very slow. Stage 3 and Stage 4 are deep sleep. It is
difficult to wake up. Your body grows and rests at this stage. Stage 5 is when you dream. This is when you
create your memories. We go through these stages four or five times a night.
Some Fun
Answer these questions with a partner.
1. When do they ring the Japanese Peace Bell at the UN?

2. Do you do mistakes or make mistakes?
3. How many sides does a quadrangle have?
4. How many years make a century?
5. When was the printing press invented?
6. Name three rivers (not in Japan).
7. What languages do they speak in India?
8. How many wheels does a tricycle have?
9. How many legs does an ant have?
10. Is Scotland or China nearer Japan?

Patient: “Something’s wrong! I’m shrinking!”
Doctor: “Take it easy, sir. You’ll just have to be a little patient.”
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9. Reading 11
9.1 Match the word with its definition then put them into the text.
1. assessment a....more than half the members of a group
2. clinical b....an adjective relating things to medical clinics and treatments
3. brain c....an evaluation of something
4. majority d....an area of study
5. mental e....the organ in a head used for thinking
6. field f....related to the process of thinking
7. daily g....medical attention given to sick or injured people
8. treatment h....every day
The Field of Psychology
Psychology involves the study of the human mind, __________, and behavior. It is using science to help
people with problems in their _________ lives. It is the treatment of __________ illness. Psychology
differs from anthropology, economics, political science, and sociology in trying to understand the
mental functions and the behavior of individuals. In this __________, a professional practitioner or
researcher is called a psychologist. While psychological knowledge is often applied to the __________
and _________ of mental health problems, it is also directed towards understanding human activity. The
__________ of psychologists practice in __________, counseling, or school settings.
1. The __________ of people in Japan love sushi.
2. After the accident, I got a/an __________ of the damage to my car.
3. A new drug just passed __________ trials. People hope is it will cure cancer.
4. Stress is a __________ problem.
5. Your __________ controls your thinking.
6. Psychology is an interesting __________ to study.
7. He gets up very early. It is his __________ routine.
8. My father received excellent __________ at the new hospital.
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10. 6AW 11 Quiz
1. The author left Israel and a) flew to Germany. b) hitchhiked. c) drove a car.
2. He went to a) a city b) a village c) a suburb in central Germany.
3. The author went to Trockau because he has family there. a) true b) false
4. In Trockau, the author a) worked with people he met while hitchhiking.

b) went to an employment agency. c) stayed with his family.
5. His job was a) in the woods. b) teaching. c) on a yacht.
6. The castle in Trockau is from the Middle Ages. a) true b) false c) the video doesn't say
7. He spent a) a year b) a week c) three months in Trockau.
8. The author a) flew to California. b) flew to New York and hitchhiked to California.
c) sailed a yacht to California.
9. He has a lot of pictures of his trip across the U.S.A. a) true b) false c) the video doesn't say
10. If you can afford something it means a) you have enough money. b) you are broke. c) you need a job.
Pronunciation
Repeat these words.
Read Lead Root Loot
Rid Lid Rook Look
Rate Late Roam Loam
Red Led Ruck Luck
Rat Lat Rot Lot
Now, say one of the sentences. Your partner has to choose the correct response.
1. a) Is it right? No, it's wrong.

b) Is it light? No, it's dark.
2. a) Where's the road? It's in the mountains.

b) Where's the load? It's on the truck.
3. a) How do you spell "low"? L-O-W

b) How do you spell "row"? R-O-W
4. a) What does "rain" mean? It's water from the sky.

b) What does "lane" mean? It's a path.
Review Questions
1. Do we use make or do to talk about a decision?
2. What was your score on the Listening Quiz? What does that mean?
3. How many stages are there in a typical night's sleep?
4. What is a polite way to refuse an invitation?
5. Do you often dream that you are flying?
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12 Energy
Read these questions. The correct answer is followed by x. B go to page 99.
1. Fossil fuels come from a) strong winds. b) dead plants and animals. c) nuclear waste.
2. Which of these is a renewable energy source? a) nuclear energy b) oil c) wind x d) gas
3. Splitting atoms is called fission and joining atoms is called a) fusion x b) meltdown c) science fiction
4. Electricity is the movement of a) molecules. b) electrons. x c) atoms.
5. Which is a greenhouse gas? a) carbon dioxide b) methane c) both x
6. Fossil fuels are non-renewable because a) it takes a long time to replace them. x b) they are expensive.
c) they are easy to find.
7. Which fuel doesn’t come from dead plants and animals? a) oil b) nuclear x c) gas
8. Which is a fossil fuel? a) wood b) coal x c) wind
9. Which of these energy sources can be used anywhere?

a) tidal waves b) solar power c) fuel cells x
10. Wind, solar, and tidal power are all a) non-renewable b) renewable x c) impossible
2. Listening: Energy Conservation
Energy conservation helps guarantee there will be __________ energy in the future. It also helps
prevent pollution. There are two __________ of energy resources: renewable and non-renewable, and most
of the energy we use today is non-renewable. That means it is burned faster than it is replaced, so it will not
last __________. Someday we will deplete the __________ . Solar, wind, tidal and geothermal energy are
all __________ energy resources. Using these is better for the environment. Oil, natural gas, and coal are
nonrenewable resources. We _________ try to conserve energy and use more renewable resources. Whether
nuclear power should be considered renewable is a matter of debate. Nuclear fission _________ atoms and
creates dangerous waste. Fusion joins atoms, is cleaner, but has not been achieved on a large scale. Technol-
ogy is advancing and creating cleaner ways to produce energy. However, we _________ not wait for tech-
nology to solve the energy problem. _________, we should work as individuals and as nations to conserve
energy and use more renewable energy resources.
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You will read about an alternative source of energy. Be prepared to answer questions about your reading and
to ask questions about other readings.
Solar Energy
source
advantages
disadvantages Wind Energy
source
advantages
Geothermal Energy disadvantages
source
advantages
disadvantages Fuel Cells
source
advantages
Tidal energy disadvantages
source
advantages
disadvantages
Some Fun
Place the percentage into the statement it correctly fits. The answers are at the bottom of the page. If you
would like an explanation, go to SFXtra on YouTube.
10% 30% 50% 75% 85%
1. Every time you open the refrigerator door, approximately ______of the cold air escapes!
2. A microwave uses about _____ less energy than a regular oven.
3. Approximately, _____ of electricity used to power home electronics is consumed while the products are
off.
4. Japan currently produces about _____ of its electricity from renewable sources.
5. The current statistics show that globally, fossil fuels provide for over _____of all the energy we
consume.
The answers are upside down.

1.30%2.50%3.75%4.10%5.85%
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4. Language Focus: Modals for assumptions
We often make assumptions or “best guesses” about what we think is true. We use modals for these guesses,
and the modal we use depends on how certain we are.
100% Certain
Positive Negative
must, will can’t, couldn’t
have (got) to must not, won’t
may may not
might, could might not
0% Certain
When you are almost 100% certain use must or have to:
It must be 42 degrees today.
When you are less certain use may, might, or could:
This could be our bus, but I’m not sure.
When you are almost 100% certain something is impossible use can’t or couldn’t, must not or won’t:
This answer can’t be right.
When you are less certain something is impossible use may not or might not:
That might not be our bus.
4.1 Practice. Choose the correct word or phrase.

Your mother said she would call Friday at 7 p.m. The phone rings Friday at 7 p.m.
1. That might / must be your mother.
Your mother said she would call this weekend. The phone rings Saturday.
2. That can’t / might be your mother.
Your mother said she would call Friday at 7 p.m. The phone rings Thursday night.
3. That will / won’t be your mother.
Your mother emailed and said her phone is broken. Your phone rings.
4. That might / can’t be your mother.
Your mother calls often. The phone rings.
5. That has to / might be your mother.
4.2 Practice. Rewrite these sentences using must, might or can’t.

1. I’m sure she is at school. She must be at school.
2. I think Bill is in the hospital.
3. You are too busy to come to the party.
4. I’m not sure if that is our bus or not.
5. It is possible that she is at home.
6. It is not possible that she is at home.
7. He drives a Rolls Royce. I’m sure he is rich.
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5. Conversation Builder 12: Putting It Together
5.1 Read and practice the Model Conversation. Then create a conversation using the following cues.
(CD Track 33)
A: Good morning B.
A: Greet B B: Hi A. How are you?
A: Good. Tell me, do you like going to the movie theater?
B: Greet A B: Yes, I do.
A: Ask about likes and dislikes A: Why don’t we watch the latest action movie tonight?
B: How about going on Saturday? I have to visit my
B: Answer grandparents tonight.
A: Respond / Invite B to something A: Okay. Do you prefer Namba or Umeda?
B: Sorry. What did you say?
B: Suggest another time / Explain why
A: Do you prefer Namba or Umeda?
A: Accept / Ask preference B: I prefer Umeda. I think Namba is too crowded.
A: I disagree, but I don’t care. Let’s meet at Osaka Station.
B: Ask to repeat
B: Okay. How about 6:00?
A: Repeat A: Sounds good. See you then.
B: Answer and give an opinion B: Bye
A: Give differing opinion / Express indifference / Make a suggestion
B: Accept / Suggest a time to meet

A: Agree / Close
B: End 6. Choose Four Questions: Ask Four People
You know what to do.
1. What did you have to do in high school that you don't have to do now?
2. What is something you should do more often?
3. What must the Hanshin Tigers do to win the championship?
4. Do you prefer pizza or okonomiyaki?
5. What is a good part-time job for a student?
6. How often do you check your cell phone for messages?
7. What is your most difficult class?
8. Would you rather be on vacation or come to the university?
9. Do you do enough to help the environment? What do you do?
10. What is something a visitor to Japan must not do?

Cover either A or B. Take turns listening to and writing the number or function your partner reads.
A: B:
1. 948,574,294 1. 374,200,003
2. 4,387,009,897 2. 9,345.9
3. 75,975.3 3. 476,978,109
4. 27% 4. 99.9%
5. 700,070 5. 987,654,321
6. 5 x 5 = 25 6. 5/8
7. 7.6% 7. 66.6
8. 17 8. 70
9. 16.60 9. 18.80
10. 9÷3=3 10. 10 < 20
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8. S2S Dictation A
Japan depends on imports for its energy needs. This is bad for the economy and the environment. In the
1960s, nuclear plants were built to help solve these problems. The long-term goal was to have nuclear
power generate 60% of Japan’s electricity. This is no longer a reasonable goal. Energy companies are now
looking for other sources of power. This is a challenge for future scientists.
9. Reading 12
9.1 Match the word with its definition then put them into the text.
1. generated a....far away; distant
2. tides b....the places from where you get things
3. constantly c....gives or supplies
4. contributes d....produced
5. fossil fuels e....ancient plant and animal matter
6. sources f....all the time
7. remote g....the change of water levels due to the moon's gravity
8. climate h....weather conditions in an area
Renewable Energy
Renewable energy comes from natural _________. It comes from natural processes that are replenished
__________. We can get energy directly from the sun, or from heat __________ deep within the earth. We
can get electricity from the wind, the ocean’s __________, hydropower, and geothermal resources. Worries
about __________ change as well as the high price of _______ _______ are increasing government
support for renewable energy projects, so the use of renewable energy is growing. Renewable energy
__________ more than 20 percent of the energy supply in at least thirty nations around the world. That
number will surely increase in the next few decades. Renewable energy is particularly suitable for rural and
__________ areas in developing countries.
1. Japan plans to increase the amount of energy __________ by nuclear power.

2. The __________ in Okinawa is tropical.
3. The world relies on ______ _______ for most of its energy.
4. Bus drivers must be __________ watching for dangerous drivers.
5. Every player on the team _________ towards winning the championship.
6. The __________ of the problem was electrical.
7. The __________ effect the currents near the beach.
8. The accident occured in a ______ remote part of the country.
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10. 6AW 12 Quiz
1. "I was broke," means a) I broke a bone. b) I am sick. c) I am lost. d) none of these.
2. "24/7" means a) all the time. b) never. c) usually.

.
3. The earth is divided into a) spheres. b) memispheres. c) hemispheres.
4. From Florida to Sydney took a) 31 days. b) one year. c) 3 months.
5. The author acquired a taste for chilis. a) true b) false
6. The author got a) the flu b) hepatitis c) a cold in India.
7. Earl thinks the author is a) silly. b) nutty. c) crazy.
8. He went to Nepal to recuperate. a) true b) false
9. He spent a) a year b) a week c) three months in Trockau.
10. He has a lot of pictures of his trip across the U.S.A. a) true b) false c) the video doesn't say
Pronunciation
Say one of the sentences. Your partner will choose the correct response.
1. a) What's the paper for? To write on.

b) What's the pepper for? To put on food.
2. a) How do you spell "luck"? L-U-C-K

b) How do you spell "lock"? L-O-C-K
3. a) What does "cost" mean? The price.

b) What does "coast" mean? The land along the ocean.
4. a) What are you watching? A movie.

b) What are you washing? My pants.
5. a) What's a ban? A prohibition.

b) What's a van? A kind of truck.
6. a) Was it thin? No, it was fat.

b) Was it tin? No, it was silver.
Review Questions
1. Fossil fuels, wind, and solar power are all renewable sources of energy. True or False?
2. If I want to say I am certain the temperature is 40 degrees, what modal verb can I use?
3. What is an advantage of solar power? Does it have any disadvantages?
4. What is the world's largest source of energy?
5. What country exports the most coal?
89
PART B UNIT 1
4.2. What Is the Question? B
Tell your partner the answer. Your partner guesses the question. For example: Ans: 4;
Q: What is 2+2?
1. Ans: 365 days
Q: How many days does a year have?
2. Ans: It has six strings.
Q: How many strings does a guitar have?
3. Ans: Yes, I can.
Q: Can you … ?
4. Ans: Bill Gates
Q: Who is the richest man?
5. Ans: George Washington
Q: Who was the first US president?
6. Ans: The Beatles
Q: What is the most famous rock group?
7. Ans: Peso, yen, and dollar.
Q: What are three kinds of money (currencies)?
8. Ans: About 125,000,000 people.
Q: What’s the population of Japan?
9. Ans: Canberra
Q: What is the capital of Australia?
10. Ans: China
Q: What country has the largest population?
7. All About Numbers B

Write the numbers A says:
Say these numbers. A will write them.

40; 7,482; 87; 20; 33,333; 190; 180,000; 160,060
8. S2S Dictation B
Read this to A. (Use “How do you spell...” if needed.)
After the Meiji Restoration, “modern” psychology was introduced to Japan. Psychology as a university
subject began at the Tokyo Kaisei School, which became Tokyo University, in 1873. Toyama Masakazu
taught psychology in the general education department. Experimental psychology, which is the use of
experiments to understand behavior, was introduced by Motora Yujiro in 1888.
11. Answers to Some Fun

1. NOON
2. eighty, Wensday
3. tear, wind, lead, close, bow
4. radar, NASA (RAdio Detection And Ranging and National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
5. brunch , motel
6. left. (Of course, it also means the opposite of right!)
7. absteminous
8. splat, crash
9. bow-wow
10. foot, woman
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PART B UNIT 2
1. Ask Your Partner B
Choose the correct question word, then ask your partner the question. The correct answer is followed by x.
1. Where / When was the first bank? a) Italy x b) China c) Greece

2. Where / There is Buckingham Palace? (London)
3. How many /much kilograms are there in one pound? (2.2)
4. How much / many kilograms did the first computer weigh? a) 50 b) 5,000 c) 50,000 x
5. When / Where did rock’n roll begin? a) the USA x b) England c) Russia
6. Who / Why built the first car? a) Henry Ford b) Karl Benz x c) Antonio Ferrari
7. How far / long does it take to fly from Osaka to San Francisco? a) 5 hours b) 10 hours x c) 18 hours
8. Which / When revolution happened first ? a) the French b) the American x (1776) c) the Russian
9. Where / Which city had the first subway? a) Moscow b) Paris c) London x (1863)
10. How / What is the population of China? a) over a million b) over a billion x c) over a trillion
4.2 Info Gap B

These people are in the northeast United States. They want to go to New York. Ask your partner for the
information you need to complete this chart. Answer your partner’s questions.
How long does it take Janet? How much does it cost Bob? How many people are going with Teru?
Janet Sam Bob Teru
It takes 4 hrs. 15 min. 2 hrs. 20 min.
It costs $27.50 $37.70
Number of people 3 2

Ask your partner the missing numbers. “What number is in A3?”
A B C D E F
1 354 919 78,515
2 379 78,307 990
3 78,780 50,515 60,060
4 23,897 13,303 70,817
5 396 78,870 21,899,987
6 1,111,111 170,170 576
8. S2S Dictation B
Write what your partner reads. Then read this to your partner. (Use “How do you spell...” if needed.)
The work of the UN reaches all over the world. There are many ways it affects the lives of everyone on
the planet. The UN works on a broad range of issues that make the world a better place for everyone. The
programs of the United Nations try to make the world safer, cleaner and more productive now and for
future generations. The UN staff is working hard in many places to help achieve its goals.
91
11. Some Fun B
B read the problems to A. A will calculate the answer.
1. A space alien with three heads got eleven steaks for dinner. Two heads ate two steaks each. The third
head ate one steak. How many steaks remained? ANS _____
2. Johnny caught twenty-six fish in the morning. He ate three fish for breakfast. He ate five fish for lunch.
He ate nine fish for dinner. How many fish did he have left? ANS_____
3. The school teacher brought thirty-two hot dogs to a picnic. He cooked fourteen and his students ate
them. He fed six to his pet dog. Some birds took five when everyone was taking a nap. How many hot dogs
remain? ANS: _______
PART B UNIT 3

1. What country has the largest population? (China)
2. What country is New Delhi the capital of? (India)
3. What is the largest country in South America? (Brazil)
4. What country’s name is also a bird’s name? (Turkey)
5. What country is the Grand Canyon in? (U.S.A.)
6. What country is famous for fashion and pasta? (Italy)
7. What country did the Beatles come from? (U.K.)
4.2 Nationalities B
Ask your partner the question to complete the chart.
What is the adjective for… What is the noun for…..?

Italian
China
Lebanese
Mexico
Germany
Peruvian
Vietnam
Canadian
8. S2S Dictation B
Dictate this to your partner. Then, write what A dictates. (Use “How do you spell...” if needed.)
Lists of countries often start with Afghanistan and end with Zimbabwe. Afghanistan is a country in
Central Asia with many mountains. It is an Islamic country. Its neighbors include China, Pakistan, and
Uzbekistan. Zimbabwe is in Africa. It is to the north of South Africa. Zimbabwe is about the same size as
Japan and has a population between eleven and twelve million people. There are many lan-guages but most
people speak English.
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11. Info Gap B
Which continent is...? How many square kilometers is...? What is the capital..?
France Jordan Kenya Brazil Korea

Location Europe Africa East Asia
Size 88,802 8,511,286

Square km.
Capital Amman Brasilia
PART B UNIT 4
8. S2S Dictation B
Read to A. Then, write what A reads. (Use “How do you spell...” if needed.)
Ogoni
There are about one and a half million Ogoni living in southeast Nigeria, Africa. According to tradition,
the Ogoni have been living near the Niger River since around 1,500 BC. They plant crops, catch fish and
keep animals. Their land is rich in oil and decades of oil production by multi-national companies has done
severe damage to the natural environment. The Ogoni are famous for battling the oil companies to protect
their land.
PART B UNIT 5

7.1 Math Functions.
Noun Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division
Verb To add To subtract To multiply To divide
We say Plus Minus Times Divided by
1. Listen and find the answers. 1... 2... 3... 4...
2. Read these problems to A. A will calcuate the answer.

1,190 + 13 = 60,000 – 10,000 = 3,500 x 5 = 3,600,000 ÷ 4 =
3. Listen and find the answer.
4. Read this problem to A.

First write 145. Multiply it by 6. Divide by 3 and then, add 14 ( Answer: 304)
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PART B UNIT 5
.
7.2 Some Number Fun: Take a Guess B
Read the questions to your partner. The answers are in parenthesis.
1. How tall are giraffes? (about 5.5 meters)
2. What is the population of Mexico? (around 180,000,000)
3. In which decade did Elvis Presley die: the 60s 70s or 80s? (The 70s. 1977)
4. When did Marco Polo travel through Asia, in 1271, 1580, or 1635? (1271)
5. Which famous painter cut part of his ear off, Van Gogh, or Monet? (Van Gogh)
6. People cross their fingers for prayer, good-luck, or junken? (good luck)
7. How many centimeters are in an inch, 2, 2.5, or 3? (2.5)
8. Was Sessue Hayakawa a sociologist, an anthropologist or a Hollwood

movie star? (Hollywood movie star. His first film was a silent movie in 1914.)
8. S2S Dictation B
Read to A. Then, write what A reads. (Use “How do you spell...” if needed.)
That the world has a lingua franca isn’t new. People who need to communicate with each other find a way
to do so, and throughout history, a number of lingua franca developed: once it was Latin, then it was French.
In many parts of Africa, Swahili is used. Today, diplomats, business people, scientists, tourists and the
services that help them need a way to communicate. They use English.
11. Some Fun: Which Is the Odd Word? B
Circle the word that does not belong in each group. Then read your list to your partner. Listen to which word
your partner thinks is strange. Do you agree? There are different correct answers. The differences could be
based on grammar, meanings, spelling or pronunciation.
E.g. Nani Nani is different because it is/ isn’t... has/ doesn’t have... starts with "A." etc. etc.
1. mountain, river, sea, ocean
2. wine, whiskey, water, beer
3. doctor, dentist, nurse, farmer
4. tiger, chicken, children, lion
5. grandmother, daughter, son, mother
6. think, thin, see, thank
7. apple, banana, salad, orange
8. light, long, read, lay
9. August, September, October, November
10. hat, socks, boots, shoes
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PART B UNIT 6
8. S2S Dictation B
Read to Student A. Then, write what A reads. (Use “How do you spell...” if needed.)
Pop culture is globalizing. Young people in Moscow, for example, dance in ways that are similar to those
in Berlin and Tokyo. Japanese anime is watched in Chicago, and Mexican soap operas are enjoyed in
Manila. The newest release of a musical group can spread worldwide quickly through a variety of video
sharing websites. Some people say this is making everyone the same. Others argue that it gives people the
chance to choose something different.
11. Some Fun: Number Trivia B

Read the even numbered questions 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10. Student A will answer. Listen to A’s questions and
choose the best answer to questions 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9.
1. 10 12 14
2. How many minutes are in a day? (1440)
3. about 1000 206 452
4. What century was 1650 in? (17th)
5. First Third Fifth
6. How many sides does a quadrangle have? (4)
7. Second Monday Third Friday Last Monday
8. Where does Osaka Prefecture rank in population (3rd, behind Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefectures)
9. Third Eighth Fifteenth
10. What rank is Japan in world population? (10th)
Hey B! Do you have some free time? Try this puzzle.
What gets wetter as it dries? (Notice how get can be used with a comparative.)
Hint 1. Connect the first part of each sentence with the last part.
Children get bigger as the game goes on.
Players get more tired and the days get shorter.
In winter, the nights get longer as they get older.
Hint 2.
Words can be verbs and adjectives.
Eg. I clean my room every day. My room is clean.
Hint 3.
What do you do after a bath or shower?
Have you figured out the answer? If not, the answer is below.
Separate the words to find the answer:

atowelgetswetterthemoreitdriesbecauseitabsorbswater
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PART B UNIT 7
Ask Student A these questions. The correct answer is followed by x.

1.Where is the coldest place on earth? a) Finland b) Antarctica x c) Russia
2. How long does it take light from the sun to reach earth?
a) about four days b) about 8 minutes x c) about a year
3. Vietnam is in a) South Asia. b) Southeast Asia. x c) Oceania.
4. The earth rotates once every a) week. b) month. c) day. x
5. How far is the earth from the sun?
a) about a million km. b) about 150,000,000 km. x c) 450,500,100 km.
6. How many earths can fit inside the sun?
a) about a million x b) about 100,000,000 c) about 1,500
7. The largest country in South America is a) Argentina. b) Brazil. x c) Alabama.
8. Mt. Fuji is taller than Mt. Kilimanjaro. True or False?
False: (Kilimanjaro-5,800 meters, Fuji-3,700 meters)
9. The Amazon River is in a) Portugal. b) Brazil. x c) Argentina.
10. What is the capital of Spain? a) Lisbon b) Rome c) Madrid x
Ask your partner the questions to fill in the table. What number goes in A3?
A B C D E
1 .09 13.30
2 5.5 1,345,725.5 5/8
3 3/4 12/25
4 7/8 60.16 5.8
5 1/12 10.10
8. S2S Dictation B
Earth has four seasons because it rotates on a tilted axis as it travels around the Sun, an orbit that takes
one year. When the North Pole turns to face the Sun, it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere and winter in
the south. Six months later, when the South Pole tilts toward the Sun, it is summer in the south and winter in
the north.
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11. Geography Quiz (Answers)
1. The Andes, which are in South America, are higher than the Rockies, which are in North America.
2. Canada's coastline is much longer. It is 151,485 miles (242,376 km) long. It is the longest coastline in the
world. Russia's coastline in 23,396 miles long (37,433 km.).
3. Lake Michigan is one of the Great Lakes in the United States. It has a larger surface area than Lake
Baikal, which is in Russia. Baikal is deeper, however, and holds more water.
4. The Nile is longer than the Amazon. It is the longest river in the world.
5. The Pacific is the deepest ocean.
6. Angel Falls is the highest waterfall. It is in Venezuela.
7. Osaka is older than Tokyo.
PART B UNIT 8
8. S2S Dictation B
Most anthropologists think humans first started living in cities shortly after they started farming. These
social scientists think agriculture was the key development that led to cities. Others, however, disagree.
These social scientists believe cities existed before farming. Whatever the cause, most agree that humans
began living in cities in Mesopotamia between 6,000 and 7,000 BC.
PART B UNIT 9
8. S2S Dictation B
PayPal began in December 1998 and was launched to the public a year later. PayPal now offers its service
worldwide and has over 300 million registered users. On average, 28,000 new accounts are
created every day. This has been achieved with little traditional marketing. Instead, PayPal offers small cash
payments to users who refer new customers. It is a unique idea that is working very well.
11. What Number? B
1. There are _191_ currencies in the world.

2. The Romans were the first to stamp an image of a person on a coin. It was Julius Caesar in _44_ B.C.
3. The average interest rate on a Japanese bank loan is _about 2_ percent.
4. There are _100_ cents in a US dollar.
5. Paper money was first used in China _around 1,200_ years ago.
6. A modern bill counting machine can count 100 bills in _4_ seconds.
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PART B UNIT 10
Line Graphs
7.1. Listen and draw the graphs A describes. Then describe the graphs you see to A.
8
7
The line starts at 1 with a value of 4. It
6
increases to 6 at 2. It decreases to 3 at 3 and then
decreases to 2 at 4. It increases to 5 at 5, decreases to
2 at 6 and increases to 4 at 7. It is level from 7 to 8,
5
decreases to 2 at 9 and increases to 4 at 10.

4
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
7.2 Practice.
Student B describe the line graphs to A. Then listen and draw the graphs that A describes..
8
8
7
7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2
2
1
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
8
7
7
6
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
8. S2S Dictation B
Read to Student A. Write what A reads. (Use “How do you spell...” if needed.)
Billboards may be the oldest form of advertising. The Egyptians hung papyrus posters on walls to
promote sales. In 1836, a French newspaper was the first to have paid advertisements on its pages. The
first modern advertisers were tobacco companies which promoted their products in a New York
newspaper. Modern advertising campaigns began in the 1920s. In 2010, spending on advertising was
estimated at $467,000,000,000 worldwide.
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PART B UNIT 11
Read these problems to Student A. A will listen and calculate the answer.
1. Mary was given $50.00 for her birthday. She added this to $27.00 that she had in the bank. The day
after her birthday she went shopping and spent $17.00 on shoes, $12.00 on a sweater, and bought a $30.00
pair of jeans at half price. How much money did she have left?
2. A school of 40 fish was swimming in the ocean. It doubled in size when another school joined it.
After a little while a shark ate 14 fish. Then the school split into three equal smaller schools. How many fish
were in each school?
3. There are 40 students in Professor Newton’s history class, but today only 1/2 of them showed up on
time. Later, 12 students came but 1/3 of them went to the library to do research. How many students
remained in the classroom?
8. S2S Dictation B
How much sleep do we need? The answer depends on your age. Babies should sleep 15 to 16 hours every
day. Children and teenagers need nine hours or ten hours of sleep, but older people only need six to eight
hours. If you only sleep four or five hours a night, you might be tired the next day. But many nights of four
or five hours is bad for your health. Sleep is also important for learning. It is important to get enough sleep.
PART B UNIT 12
The correct answer is followed by x.
1. Electricity can be produced from a) the wind. b) fossil fuels. c) the sun. d) a, b, and c. x
2. Most of the energy we use originally came from a) the sun. x b) the air. c) the soil. d) the oceans.
3. Resources are called "renewable" because they a) don't last. b) are replaced by nature. x c) are fusion.
4. Gasoline is produced by refining which fossil fuel? a) natural gas b) coal c) petroleum x
5. Wind energy comes from a) the Earth. b) chemicals. c) catching the movement of air. x
6. "Geo-" means Earth, and "thermal" is heat, so geothermal energy comes from a) the ocean's tides.
b) the heat from the center of the Earth. x c) nuclear power.
7. Uranium is named after the planet Uranus. True or False. (True)
8. Global warming is mostly an increase of which gas in the atmosphere?
a) ozone b) sulfur dioxide c) carbon dioxide x
9. What percent of a light bulb’s energy is used to create light? a) 10 x b) 25 c) 50
10. How much is worldwide energy use expected to increase by 2030? a) 10% b) 35% c) 55% x
8. S2S Dictation B
Energy efficiency is one of the best ways to save resources. Imagine this: A reduction of just 5 percent in
global energy use would save more than 10 million barrels of oil per day - enough energy to power
Australia, Mexico and the United Kingdom. There are a number of ways to reduce energy use. We should all
do what we can to use less energy in our daily lives.
99
Activities
Listen and Draw A
A listen and draw Bs instructions in the box. B go to page 102.
Now, read these instructions to B. B will draw them.

1. Draw a clock at the bottom, on the right.
2. Draw a mouse to the left of the clock.
3. Draw a tiger in the middle of the box.
4. Draw two fish to the upper-right of the tiger.
5. Draw a spider in the upper-right corner.
6. Draw a half moon above the tiger, to the left.
7. Draw a hat on top of the moon.
8. Draw a tree below the fish next to the tiger.
9. Draw an umbrella to the left of the moon.
10. Draw a bird in the upper-left of the tree.
100
Some Fun: The Two Largest Religions A
Religion is a universal of human culture. Christianity and Islam are the two largest religions.
Student A read the paragraph about Christianity and choose or guess the best word from the italicized
words. Then, listen as Student B reads the correct version. B go to page 103.
Christianity
Christianity is the world’s largest religion with about 1 / 2.4 / 10 billion followers. It is centered on the life and death
of Jesus Christ who lived and died about 1000 / 2000 /3000 years ago in Rome / Israel / Germany. The sacred book
of Christianity is called the Old / New / Big Testament. Roman Catholicism is the largest group within Christianity
and its headquarters are in New York / Rome / Istanbul. The head of the Catholic Church is called the Bishop / Pope /
Manager and his residence is the Vatican. A Roman Catholic missionary, Francis Xavier, brought Christianity to Japan
in 1435 / 1579 / 1720. There are now about 1 / 3 / 10 million Christians in Japan.
Islam
Student A read this to B.
Islam is the world’s second largest religion with 1.8 billion followers. It was founded by Mohammad and the
followers are known as Muslims. Mohammad lived in Saudi Arabia and died in the year 635. The holy book of Islam
is called the Koran. Islamic communities are found in most parts of the world and Indonesia is the country with the
largest Muslim population. There are perhaps 70,000 Muslims in Japan. The first Muslim place of worship, known as
a mosque, in Japan was built in Kobe in 1935.
11. Some Fun: Team Quiz A

Work with a partmer or a small group. Read the facts below and make questions based on them. Then, ask
another team the questions you created.Team B go to page 103.
1. Shinsegae is the world's biggest department store. It is in Busan, South Korea.

2. Indonesia is the country with the most active volcanoes. There are 120.
3. Apple Computers was founded by Steve Jobs.
4. Damascus, in Syria, is one of the oldest city. It is 10,000 years old.
5. The Beatles were the most popular music group of the 20th century.
6. Cairo is the capital of Egypt. The Nile River passes through it.
7. Brazil is the only South American country that does not have Spanish as the official language. Brazil’s
official language is Portuguese.
8. The song We Will Rock You, by Queen, came out in 1970.
9. Tacos and burritos are famous Mexican dishes.
10. Kilts are knee-length skirts worn by men is Scotland.
101
Listen and Draw B
Read these sentences. Student A will draw what you say.
1. Draw an airplane in the middle the box.

2. Draw a cloud just above the airplane.
3. Draw a cat in the cloud.
4. Draw a house at the bottom, in the center of the box.
5. Draw three flowers to the left of the house.
6. Draw an apple in the lower-right corner of the box.
7. Draw a worm in the upper-left of the apple.
8. Draw a butterfly on the middle flower.
9. Draw a woman between the house and the apple.
10. Draw a bird to the left of the cloud.
Now draw B’s instructions in this box.
Can a kangaroo jump higher than Tsutenkaku?
Divide the words for the answer to the riddle:
OfcoURseBEcauSEtheTsUteNkakUCAnNoTJUmp.
102
Some Fun: The Two Largest Religions B
Religion is a universal of human culture.
B read the paragraph about Christianity and choose or guess the best word from the italicized words. Then,
listen as A reads the correct version.
Islam
Islam is the world’s second largest religion with 1.8 billion followers. It was founded by Mohammad and
the followers are known as Muslims / Believers / Followers. Mohammad lived in
Saudi Arabia / Jordan / Iran and died in the year 1234 / 635 /1850. The holy book of Islam is called the
Koran / New Book / The Way. Islamic communities are found in most parts of the world and
Iran / Indonesia / Israel is the country with the largest Muslim population. There are perhaps 70,000
Muslims in Japan. The first Muslim place of worship in Japan, known as a mosque, was built in
Kobe / Tokyo / Yamaguchi in 1867 / 1935 / 1995.
Christianity
B read this to A.
Christianity is the world’s largest religion with over 2.4 billion followers. It is centered on the life and death
of Jesus Christ who lived and died about 2,000 years ago in Israel. The sacred book of Christianity is called
the New Testament. Roman Catholicism is the largest group within Christianity and its headquarters are
in Rome. The head of the Catholic Church is called the Pope and his residence is the Vatican. A Roman
Catholic missionary, Francis Xavier, brought Christianity to Japan in 1579. There are now about 3 million
Christians in Japan.
11. Some Fun: Team Quiz B

Work with a small group. Read the facts below and make questions based on them. Then, ask another team
the questions you created.
1. Rock'n roll came from jazz and blues in the 1950s. Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry were early stars.
2. Pablo Picasso painted Guernica in 1937. It is about the bombing of a Spanish town.
3. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon. He did it in 1969.
4. Japan has more than 3,000 McDonald’s restaurants, the largest number in any country outside the U.S.
5. Reptiles are cold-blooded. They lay eggs and have thick skin.
6. The Thames River flows through London.
7. In India, women wear rings in their noses to show they are married.
8. Japanese director Akira Kurosawa’s film The Hidden Fortress was the basis for George Lucas’ Star Wars.
9. Vatican City is the smallest country in the world. It is the home of the Pope, the leader of the Roman
Catholic Church.
10. Hideyoshi Toyotomi's father was named Kinoshita Yaemon. He was a low-ranked soldier.
103
Independent Research
Search for information on a topic you choose.
Carefully read the material.
Print or copy a photo or an image.
Prepare to explain and share information with your classmates.
Explaining the material.

Write this information on a piece of paper and prepare to discuss it.
Where did you get the information? A book? A website?

Is the author’s name given? If so, what is it?
When was it published?
What is the source? Is it from an organization, a government, news, an NGO?
What is the purpose of the material? Is it to inform, entertain, persuade, or advertise something?
Who is the targeted audience?
Is this material fact, fiction, opinion or both? Explain.
Form small groups and write the answers your group members give to these questions about their
research.
If you want to work on pronunciation, go to SFXtras on YouTube
And lastly, I will say good-bye and ask

one of the most famous riddles of all time.
Why did the chicken cross the road?
ToGEttotheOTheRsIde.
104

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Engaging Academic English

Global Stories Press

Copyright ©️ Global Stories Press

Written by James C. Jensen

Published by Global Stories Press

The author would like to acknowledge the following people:

Unit 1 Social Sciences .......................................................4

Unit 2 United Nations .....................................................11

Unit 3 Countries ..............................................................18

Unit 4 Culture ..................................................................25

Unit 5 Language ...............................................................32

Unit 7 Earth ......................................................................46

Unit 8 Cities ......................................................................54

Unit 9 Money ....................................................................62

Unit 10 Media ...................................................................69

Unit 12 Energy ..................................................................84

Extra Activities ................................................................100

YouTube Channels: Serious Fun Text

1. “Supply and demand” are important in the study of

2. Sociology is the study of

3. “Primitive” cultures are studied mainly by

4. If -ology means “the study of,” the “psych-” in psychology means

6. If you studied the constitution of a country you would be a/an

7. The initials U.N. stand for

2. Listening: Social Sciences

is _________. Sociology _________ human social life. Anthropologists, in _________3, study

question eight is _______. Japan is a developed country.

Divide the words to find the answer:

Now ask your partner the questions.

4.2 What Is The Question? A

Take a break and laugh.

Starting a Conversation with a Stranger

To change topics use

I have to go. / It was nice/good talking with you.

5.1 Read and practice the Model Conversation. (CD Track 2)

Ask your partner:

What makes him or her laugh?

1. When are you happiest?

7. All About Numbers A

12 / 20 18 / 80 13 / 30 117 / 170 15,000 / 50,000 440 / 414

2. Say these numbers. B will write them. B go to page 90.

12,532 50,500 17 150 25,250 14,440 90 115 115,550

3. Now write the numbers B says.

1. society a….what you get when you graduate

The Social Sciences

sciences and most universities offer __________ in the social sciences.

1. He wants to get his __________ so he can start working.

Dividethe words for the answer.

1. The author travelled for a ) six months. b) a year. c) six years.

11. Some Fun (Answers on page 90)

2. Listening: The United Nations

Listen and write in the missing words. (CD Track 3)

What is the purpose of the Security Council?

How many members are there?

How many permanent members are there?

Where does the Security Council meet?

What does WFP stand for?

What does the WFP do?

How many people did it help in 2018?

How many countries are the WFP in?

World Heritage Sites

What is a World Heritage site?

When was the program started?

is _____. Sociology _ human social life. Anthropologists, in _____3, study