SELF CARE

AND
SELF MEDICATION
(PERAWATAN DAN PENGOBATAN SENDIRI)

Suwaldi MartodiHARDJO
PSPA UNISSULA
SEMARANG

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 GOOD PHARMACY PRACTICE
- WHO and FIP guideline 1996

I. Health promotion and illness prevention

II. Provision of prescription medicines

• Distribution
• Patient information
• Follow up on outcomes (Pharmaceutical Care)

III. Self Care

IV. Influencing prescribing and rational use of drugs

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• .

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Self-care may be defined as the care taken by individuals
towards their own health and well being, including the care
extended to their family members and others.

In practice self-care includes:

1. the actions people take to stay fit and maintain good physical
and mental health;
2. meet social and psychological needs;
3. prevent illness or accidents;
4. avoid unnecessary risks;
5. care and self-medicate for minor ailments and long-term
conditions; and
6. maintain health and well being after an acute illness or
discharge from hospital.

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 Self-care
• Self-care is what people do for themselves to establish
and maintain health, prevent and deal with illness.

• It is a broad concept encompassing:

· hygiene (general and personal);
· nutrition (type and quality of food eaten);
· lifestyle (sporting activities, leisure etc.);
· environmental factors (living conditions, social
habits, etc.);
· socioeconomic factors (income level, cultural
beliefs, etc.);
· self-medication.

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 Pharmacists’ Evolving Role

From Dispensing
Services… …to a clinical service provider

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 Defining Pharmaceutical Care
Defined as a practice1 in 1997

Pharmaceutical care is a patient-

centered practice in which the
practitioner assumes responsibility
for a patient’s drug-related needs
and is held accountable for this
commitment.2
1Cipolle,R.J., Strand, L.M., Morley, P.C. (1998). Pharmaceutical Care Practice. New York: McGraw Hill.
2Cipolle, R.J., Strand, L.M., Morley, P.C. (2004). Pharmaceutical Care Practice: The Clinicians Guide New
York: McGraw Hill.
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 Pharmaceutical Care in Health Care
Primary Knowledge Responsibility
in the drug
Focus Base use process
Diagnosis
and
Medical Care Pathophysiology Prescribing
Treatment of the
patient’s disease

Giving care to the Biological,

Nursing whole patient psychological, Drug
Care during the cure or social, or spiritual administration
treatment human responses
Identification,
Pharmaceuti Identifying and
prevention,
meeting a Pharmacothera
cal and resolution
patient’s drug- py
Care of drug therapy
related needs
problems 8
Effective drug Will the patient take
Safe drug
therapy the therapy? therapy

Aims of
What does the
Pharmaceutical
patient view as an Care
improved quality of
life?

Improve Economic drug

quality of life therapy
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 Lima kunci kebutuhan pasien tentang obat:

1. Pasien mempunyai indikasi yang sesuai dengan tiap obat yang

diberikan,

2. Terapi obat yang efektif,

3. Terapi obat yang aman,

4. Pasien patuh/bersesuaian dengan terapi obat dan segala aspek terapi

yang diperolehnya,

5. Pasien telah memperoleh terapi yang diperlukan untuk indikasi penyakit

yang belum ditangani.

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 To be Healthy, Don’t Forget
• To eat food with sufficient nutrition contents
• To get plenty of exercise
• Rest
• Manage stress
• Spend time with family and friends
• Your relationship with your higher self & the
divine
• To do earthing
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Lipman, B., 2019, Enabling people to manage their health and wellbeing: Policy approaches to self-care, The Economist
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Intelligence.
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 Seven pillars of self-care
• Person-centred Individual capacities & capabilities

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Rutter, P., 2015, Role of community pharmacists in patients’ self-care and self-
medication, Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice, 4 57–65
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 What is Self-Medication ??
• .

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Self-medication is the treatment of common health problems
with medicines especially designed and labeled for use without
medical supervision and approved as safe and effective for such
use.
Medicines for self-medication are often called ‘non-prescription’
or ‘over the counter’ (OTC) and are available without a doctor’s
prescription through pharmacies.
In some countries OTC products are also available in
supermarkets and other outlets.

Medicines that require a doctor’s prescription are called

prescription products (Rx products).

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Factors contributing to people choosing to self-
medicate
1. Economics
2. Greater access to drugs
3. Greater access to information
4. The time it takes to see a doctor
5. Tradition or cultural practices
6. Distrust of conventional drugs
7. Desire to self reliant
8. Advertising

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 Self-medication

• Self-medication is the selection

and use of medicines by
individuals to treat self-
recognised illnesses or
symptoms.

• Self-medication is one element

of self-care.

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 Role of the pharmacist in self-care and
self-medication
The pharmacist has several functions:
As a communicator
• the pharmacist should initiate dialogue with the patient (and the patient's
physician, when necessary) to obtain a sufficiently detailed medication history;

• in order to address the condition of the patient appropriately the pharmacist must
ask the patient key questions and pass on relevant information to him or her (e.g.
how to take the medicines and how to deal with safety issues);

• the pharmacist must be prepared and adequately equipped to perform a proper

screening for specific conditions and diseases, without interfering with the
prescriber's authority;

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 As a communicator (cont’d) .

• the pharmacist must provide objective information

• .
about medicines;
• the pharmacist must be able to use and interpret
additional sources of information to satisfy the
needs of the patient;
• the pharmacist should be able to help the patient
undertake appropriate and responsible self-
medication or, when necessary, refer the patient for
medical advice;
• the pharmacist must ensure confidentiality
concerning details of the patient’s condition.

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 As a quality drug supplier .

· the pharmacist must ensure that the products he/she

purchases are from reputable sources and of good
• .
quality;
· the pharmacist must ensure the proper storage of these
products.

As a trainer and supervisor

• To ensure up-to-date quality service, the pharmacist
must be encouraged to participate in continuing
professional development activities such as continuing
education.
• The pharmacist is often assisted by non-pharmacist
staff and must ensure that the services rendered by
these auxiliaries correspond to established standards
of practice.
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 .

As a collaborator
• . It is imperative that pharmacists develop quality
collaborative relationships with:
· other health care professionals;
· national professional associations;
· the pharmaceutical industry;
· governments (local/national); and,
· patients and the general public.

In so doing, opportunities to tap into resources and

expertise, and to share data and experiences, in order
to improve self-care and self-medication, will be
enhanced.

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 As a health promoter .

As a member of the health-care team, the pharmacist

• .
must:
· participate in health screening to identify health
problems and those at risk in the community;

· participate in health promotion campaigns to raise

awareness of health issues and disease
prevention; and

· provide advice to individuals to help them make

informed health choices.

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 Manage Symptoms Using Self-care
• Step 1. Prevent symptoms from occurring.
• Step 2. Read and use the self-care measures.
• Step 3. Use common non-medications/home
remedies.
• Step 4. Use available OTC medications.
• Step 5. See a health care provider.

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 SELF-CARE FOR
DIABETIC PATIENTS

To be presented before:
Class 5 PSPPA
FK UNISSULA

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Targets for diabetes control

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Foot Care for People with Diabetes

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Foot Care for People with Diabetes

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Foot Care for People with Diabetes

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Foot Care for People with Diabetes

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Foot Care for People with Diabetes

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Nine Ways to Avoid Diabetes Complications

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Nine Ways to Avoid Diabetes Complications

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Nine Ways to Avoid Diabetes Complications

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Nine Ways to Avoid Diabetes Complications

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Nine Ways to Avoid Diabetes Complications

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THANK YOU

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