Electrical Engineering

Subject: English

Topic:

Moving party

Students:
Esperança Joaquim Roque
Miguel dos Santos Ernesto Matsimbe
Duanil Quisito Razão

Teacher:
Dr. Edvaldo Sigauque

Songo, June 2019

Moving party 2019

Index
1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 3

2 Moving parts ..................................................................................................................... 4

1.1 Angular motion .......................................................................................................... 4

1.1.1 Angular velocity ................................................................................................. 4

1.1.1.1 Types of angular velocity: ................................................................................. 5

1.1.2 Angular acceleration .......................................................................................... 5

1.2 Rotary and reciprocating motion ............................................................................ 5

1.2.1 Rotary motion..................................................................................................... 5

1.2.2 Reciprocating motion......................................................................................... 6

1.3 Engine revs ................................................................................................................. 6

1.4 Friction ....................................................................................................................... 7

1.4.1 Types of friction ................................................................................................. 7

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1 Introduction

The present work has the moving party theme. Also the present work we will see that motion
describing an angle, or motion which the variation of your space shapes an angle is called of
angular motion, In few words Rotary motion Is turning round in a circle, such as a wheel
turning and Reciprocating motion, also called reciprocation, is a repetitive up-and-down or
back-and-forth linear motion,

The work also constitutes examples that explain in a more understandable way and has some
figures that illustrate the explained examples.

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2 Moving parts

1.1 Angular motion

Objects don’t always travel in straight line! For situations involving movement around an
axis – for example the pendulum of a clock, a door swinging – it’s often a lot easier to solve
problems by looking at the angular motion of objects.

A motion describing an angle, or motion which the variation of your space shapes an angle is
called of angular motion.

Figure 1: Angular motion

when we open the door in this opening trajectory we can see an angular motion because it
forms a kind of angle. This type of motion, where one end of a component pivots while the
other end follows the arc of a circle, is called angular motion. An example is a flap on an
aircraft wing, which can be moved to different positions. The point at the centre of angular
motion is called the axis of rotation (or axis). We say that the motion occurs about the axis
(around it).
Axis of rotation is the straight line through all fixed points of a rotating rigid body around
which all other points of the body move in circles.
The speed of angular motion is measured as angular velocity, and increases in angular
velocity are measured as angular acceleration.

1.1.1 Angular velocity

angular velocity refers to how fast an object rotates or revolves relative to another point, i.e.
how fast the angular position or orientation of an object changes with time.

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1.1.1.1 Types of angular velocity:

 Orbital angular velocity;

 Spin angular velocity;

Spin angular velocity refers to how fast a rigid body rotates with respect to its centre of
rotation. Orbital angular velocity refers to how fast a rigid body's centre of rotation revolves
about a fixed origin, i.e.

The time rate of change of its angular position relative to the origin. In general, angular
velocity is measured in angle per unit time, e.g. radians per second. The SI unit of angular
velocity is expressed as radians/sec with the radian having a dimensionless value of unity,
thus the SI units of angular velocity are listed as 1/sec. Angular velocity is usually
represented by the symbol omega (ω, sometimes Ω). By convention, positive angular
velocity indicates counter-clockwise rotation, while negative is clockwise.

1.1.2 Angular acceleration

Angular acceleration is the time rate of change of angular velocity. In three dimensions. In SI
units, it is measured in radians per second squared (rad/s2), and is usually denoted by the
Greek letter alpha (α)

1.2 Rotary and reciprocating motion

In practice most machines involve rotary motion as well as linear motion. This could be such
examples as electric motors, gears, pulleys and internal combustion engines.

The rotational velocity of revolving parts, or rotating parts, is measured in revolutions per
minute (rpm) - often called revs per minute. The motion of revolving parts is called rotary
motion.
1.2.1 Rotary motion

Is turning round in a circle, such as a wheel turning. Rotary motion generates centrifugal
force- that is, force which pushes outwards, away from the axis of rotation. An increase in
rotational velocity results in a higher centrifugal force. centrifugal force is the apparent force

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that is felt by an object moving in a curved path that acts outwardly away from the center of
rotation.

1.2.2 Reciprocating motion

Some components move backwards and forwards. This type of motion is called reciprocating
Motion (or reciprocating action). Reciprocating motion, also called reciprocation, is a
repetitive up-and-down or back-and-forth linear motion. The component reciprocates. In
machines, reciprocating motion is often converted (changed) to rotary motion. It is found in a
wide range of mechanisms, including reciprocating engines and pumps.

1.3 Engine revs

The abbreviation for revolution- rev - is widely used to talk about engines.

Figure 2: Engine

Engine or Motor is a machine designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical
energy.
 Heat engines, like the internal combustion engine, burn a fuel to create heat which is
then used to do work.
 Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical motion, pneumatic motors
use compressed air, and clockwork motors in wind-up toys use elastic energy.

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For example:
 The rotational velocity of an engine is measured by a rev counter.
 High and low engine speeds are described as high revs and low revs.
 Maximum engine speed can be controlled by a rev limiter.
 If an engine's rev limit is exceeded, we say the engine is over-revved.
 An engine designed to run at high speed is a high-revving engine.
 When engine speed is increased momentarily, we say the engine is revved (or revved
up).
 We can say an engine is revved to a certain speed - for example, revved to 6,000 rpm.

1.4 Friction

Moving parts cause friction. Friction is the force of resistance when two surfaces slide against
each other or Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers,
and material elements sliding against each other. Frictional resistance is measured as the
coefficient of friction. This is the force required to overcome friction in order to allow an
object made of a specific material to slide
along the surface of another specific material.

1.4.1 Types of friction

There are several types of friction:

 Dry friction - is a force that opposes the relative lateral motion of two solid surfaces
in contact. Dry friction is subdivided into static friction ("stiction") between non-
moving surfaces, and kinetic friction between moving surfaces. With the exception of
atomic or molecular friction, dry friction generally arises from the interaction of
surface features, known as asperities.
 Fluid friction - describes the friction between layers of a viscous fluid that are
moving relative to each other.

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 Lubricated friction - is a case of fluid friction where a lubricant fluid separates two
solid surfaces.
 Skin friction - is a component of drag, the force resisting the motion of a fluid across
the surface of a body.
 Internal friction - is the force resisting motion between the elements making up a
solid material while it undergoes deformation.
 Static friction - sometimes called stiction -is the frictional resistance between two
surfaces that are at rest (not moving). It measures the force needed to start a sliding
action.
 Dynamic friction - is the friction between two surfaces that are already sliding
against each other. It measures the force needed to keep a sliding action going.
More force is needed to overcome static friction than to overcome dynamic friction.

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3 Conclusion

End of the work it is concluded that the machines make several movements that one of these
movements is angular movement that we see that this movement has a point at the centre of
angular motion is called the axis of rotation (or axis). We say that the motion occurs about the
axis (around it).

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4 Reference bibliography

 IBBOTSON, Mark (2009). Engineering Technical English for Professionals, p. 76

 COURTNEY, Thomas (2000). Mechanical Behavior of Materials. Lllinois: Waveland
Press. P.155.

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