Structural Analysis of a Multi-Story Building

University of Babylon
College of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
The Structural Analysis
Lecturer: Prof. Dr. Hayder M.K. Al-Mutairee
‫أتقدم بخالص الشكر للزمالء اللذين ساهموا بالطباعة‬
Eigth Edition 01/05/2021

Babylon University/ Civil Engineering/ Forth Stage/ Structural Analysis 2020-2021
Syllabus of the Structural Analysis
1- Analysis of Multi-story Buildings:

1-1- Introduction. (2 hours)
1-2- Analysis of slabs (one-way, two-way, cantilever or combination
between them), including computation of loads. (8 hours)
1-3- Loads transmission. (6 hours)
1-4- Division of building into frames. (6 hours)
1-5- Analysis of continuous beams. (4 hours)
1-7- Analysis of frames. (6 hours)
1-7- Analysis of foundation (isolated and combined). (6 hours)
2- Applications on the computer program STAAD.Pro.

2-1-Geometry (beam, plate and surface). (5 hours)
2-2-General (property, specification, support, load and material). (4 hours)
2-3-Analysis/Print (pre-print, analysis and post-print). (3 hours)
2-4-Design/Concrete (select parameters, define parameters. Comm.) (3hours)
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Multi-Story Building
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Multi-Story Building
1- Analysis of slab:-
Before starting the analysis the load must be computed. The loads are
divided into:
a- Live loads.
b- Dead loads.
c- Wind load.
a- Live loads: Taken from table, always for roofs (1-2 ), while for
floors (3-5 ).
b- Dead loads: Divided into self-weight and superimposed.
( )
(
( )
( )
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( )
( ) [ ]
( )
( ) [ ]
For practical use

( )
( )
Weight of walls or tanks on slab must be considered by computing the

weight then divided on the area of the slab then multiplied by factor of
safety as in tables, if the tables are not given the factor taken equal to
(2).
c- Wind load
Always in Iraq the effect of wind load taken in the analysis if the
building consist from larger than five floors. If no information are
given about this effect the load is taken as ( ) on the walls.
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1.00 m
2.25 m
4.75 m
7
6
3
2.25 m
3.50 m 2.00 m 3.50 m
4
1
3.50 m
3.50 m
14.50 m 4.50 m
4.50 m
5
4.75 m 4.75 m
3.50 m 3.50 m
Fig(1-2):Section in Building
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Properties of material
Two way and one-way slabs:
( )
( )
Fig.(1-3): Dimensions of slab.
Where (B and L) clear dimension.
Depth of slab (Thickness of slab
t)
 For two-way slab

 For one-way slab table 9.5(a) ACI code 2005:
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For present example:
For two-way slab
( )
For one-way slab
For practical reasons use for all slabs

Analysis of slab
The analysis of slab including computation to determine the moments at mid
and edges of panels by:
1- ACI-code coefficient method.
2- Method three (Coefficient method).
3- Moment distribution method.
4- Direct design method.
5- Yield line method.
6- Finite element method.
7- Finite difference method.
Here the first method will be adapted to analysis the one-way slab as
well as the continuous beam if the conditions satisfied. Method three
will be used to analysis of two-way slabs (also if the conditions
satisfied), the moment distribution method used to analysis the one-way
slab and continuous beams if the ACI-code coefficient method can’t be
used.
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Note: the negative moment at edges must be equaled hence
a- de e di g ( )f b th ide
b- e edi t ib ti f e t as follows:
( ), ( )
( )
̅
( ) ( ̅)
Where
In the present lectures the moments of one-way slabs computed either

by ACI-code coefficient method or by moment distribution method.
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ACI-code coefficient method (Approximate method)
Section 8.3.3 of ACI-code 2005 — As an alternate to frame analysis,
the following approximate moments and shears shall be permitted for
design of continuous beams and one-way slabs(slabs reinforced to resist
flexural stresses in only one direction), provided (a) through (e) are
satisfied:
(a) There are two or more spans;
(b) Spans are approximately equal, with the larger of two adjacent
spans not greater than the shorter by more than 20 percent;
(c) Loads are uniformly distributed;
(d) Un-factored live load, L, does not exceed three times un-factored
dead load, D; and
(e) Members are prismatic.
Support Beam Support
non-prismatic because
the depth of beam is not
the same along the
length of member.
Fig(1-4):Non-prismatic beam.
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Positive moment
End spans: Discontinuous end unrestrained ..........................( )
Discontinuous end integral with support ...... .....( )
Interior spans ...........................................................................( )
Negative moments at exterior face of first interior support

Two spans............................................................................. ( )
More than two spans ..........................................................( )
Negative moment at other faces of interior supports…..... ( )

Negative moment at face of all supports for: Slabs with spans not
exceeding 10 ft; and beams where ratio of sum of column tiff e ’ to
beam stiffness exceeds 8at each end of the span..................... ( )
Negative moment at interior face of exterior support for members built
integrally with supports
Where support is spandrel beam................................. ( )
Where support is a column ..........................................( )
Shear in end members at face of first interior support ..........

Shear at face of all other supports ................................................
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= clear span for positive moment or shear and average of adjacent
clear spans for negative moment.
=factored load per unit length of beam or per unit area of slab.
Load on slabs ( Summary)
On Roof
On floor
For present analysis of building the will be used for all

slabs, thus:
( )
( )
Moment of slabs:
1- Two-way slabs:
( )
( ) [ ] ( )
Panel
Case Direction
number /m /m
8 Short 0.058 0.034 0.047 10.46 7.40
1&4
Long 0.039 0.014 0.018 11.63 4.82
4 Short 0.076 0.043 0.052 13.70 8.64

2,3&5
Long 0.024 0.013 0.016 7.97 4.86
4 Short 0.085 0.050 0.062 9.43 6.03

6
Long 0.015 0.009 0.011 4.03 2.61
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For (W.C), additional dead load on panel (6):
( )
‫عًم‬ٚ ‫ث‬ٛ‫( ح‬ ) ٗ‫ضاف ْزا انحًم ان‬ٚ ‫) ٔذًهئ تانشيم نزنك‬40 cm( ‫ُضل انغقف‬ٚ (W.C)‫ انـ‬ٙ‫ف‬
.(40cm) ‫ؤخز‬ٚ ‫( نكٍ عادج‬30 cm) ‫ ُْا اخز يقذاس انُضٔل‬Box ‫انغقف عهٗ شكم‬
2- One way slab:

The difference the adjacent span larger than 20% thus
the approximate method (ACI-code method) cannot be
used. Therefore the moment distribution method will be
adapted to analysis the strip.
Fig.(1-6): Strip including the principle direction of one-way slab.
F.E.M
( )
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( )
Joint A B C D
member AB BA BC CB CD DC
1.00 1.00 1.67 1.67 1.00 1.00
1.00 0.75 1.67 1.67 0.75 1.00
D.F. 1.00 0.31 0.69 0.69 0.31 1.00
st
1 F.E.M 13.11 -13.11 6.21 -6.21 13.11 -13.11
Cycle Balance -13.11 2.14 4.76 -4.76 -2.14 13.11
nd
2 C.O.M 0 -6.56 -2.38 2.38 6.56 0
Cycle Balance 2.77 6.17 -6.17 -2.77
rd
3 C.O.M 0.00 -3.08 3.08 0.00
Cycle Balance 0.96 2.13 -2.13 -0.96
th
4 C.O.M 0.00 -1.06 1.06 0.00
Cycle Balance 0.33 0.73 -0.73 -0.33
th
5 C.O.M 0.00 -0.37 0.37 0.00
Cycle Balance 0.11 0.25 -0.25 -0.11
Sum of end moment 0 -13.36 13.36 -13.36 13.36 0
.ٙ‫(ذكف‬3 cycles) ٌ‫ االيرحا‬ٙ‫ف‬/‫مالحظة‬
It is important to note here difference between the two values of
moment at joint (B) by method (3) and moment distribution method is
equal to ( ) i.e., ( )
this is back to the approximation which occurred when the length of
spans AB,BC,CD are taken to 3.75,2.25,3.75 respectively as well as to
the assumption of pinned connection at (A and B and C) and finally the
difference in assumption between the two methods.
To find the moment at mid-span (maximum positive moment) of BC
( )
take :
Fig.(1-7): Free body diagram of one-way slab.

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( )
( )
Hence there is negative moment at mid-span of BC, i.e., no positive

moment along the span BC when the total load applied
Note: May be when the live load not applied at spans AB and CD and
applied only on span BC the moment at mid-span of BC will be
positive. Thus this case must be checked.
Minimum area of reinforcement
Slabs : ACI-code 2005 Section (7.12.2.1):
7.12.2.1 - Area of shrinkage and temperature reinforcement shall
provide at least the following ratios of reinforcement area to gross
concrete area, but not less than 0.0014:
(a) Slabs where Grade 280MPa or 350 MPa deformed bars are
used .................................................................................0.0020
(b) Slabs where Grade 420MPa deformed bars or welded wire
reinforcement are used ....................................................0.0018
(c) Slabs where reinforcement with yield stress exceeding 420
MPa measured at a yield strain of 0.35 percent is
used............................................................................
Spacing of reinforcement
7.12.2.2 - Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement shall be spaced not
farther than five times the slab thickness, nor farther than 450 mm.
7.6.5 - In walls and slabs other than concrete joist construction, primary
flexural reinforcement shall not be spaced farther than three times the
wall or slab thickness, nor farther than 450 mm.
Note: for direct design method the maximum spacing of reinforcement
shall be not more than two times the slab thickness.
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Minimum reinforcement for present slab:
Let ( )( )
Let use bar of
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) (
)
( ) ( ) (
)
cover the strengthening requirement of all

positive moment and almost the negative moment. However the
negative moment ( ) for short direction of panal 2, 3, 5
must be design.
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
√
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ٍ‫ انًحاضشج انغاتقح فارا كاٌ اقم ي‬ٙ‫ انجذٔل ف‬ٙ‫ ف‬short & long ٗ‫اقاسٌ ) ( ان‬
.‫ايا ارا كاٌ اكثش اصًى عهٗ انعضو االكثش‬ ‫( اخز‬ )
Fig.(1-8): Frames of building, and load transmission pattern.
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Load Transmission :
S
m= S/L
45° m
Wu* S/2
We = Wu S/3
S S
Wu* S/2
We = (Wu S/3)(3-m^2)/2
L L
Fig.(1-9): Equivalent loads of triangle and trapezoidal loads.
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Depth of beams:
Table (9.5.a) used previously for one-way slab used to compute the
depth of beam. Note for ( ) the value here shall be
multiplied by ( ). The value of ( ) mentioned in this table
as specified in section 8.7.
Span length (ACI-code 2005, section 8.7):
8.7.1 - Span length of members not built integrally with supports shall
be considered as the clear span plus the depth of the member,
but need not exceed distance between centers of supports.
8.7.2 - In analysis of frames or continuous construction for
determination of moments, span length shall be taken as the
distance center-to-center of supports.
Check depth of Beams
According to the condition of method (3) the depth of beam must be at
least (3t) (45cm for present building) this depth check the requirement
of deflection control which equal to (5/18.5 = 0.27m = 27cm).
Assumption:
1- The clear height between the bottom level of floor and tiles of the
natural ground (F.F.L.) is equal to 3m.
2- The distance from upper surface of foundation to the upper surface of
tiles (F.F.L.) of the natural ground is equal to (1m).
3- Width of all beams is equal to 250mm.
4- Dimension of all columns are equal to .
5- Length of parapet .
6- .
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Frame F-F
Fig.(1-10): Frame (F-F).
( )
( )
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Y
Z
Fig.(1-11): Three dimensional figure of building

Illustrate all frames (beams and columns).
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Fig.(1-12): Three dimensional picture of building.
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Fig.(1-13): Section in building.
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Frame J-J
Fig.(1-14): Frame (J-J).

Load on beam
( )
( )
( )
( )
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Frame B-B
Load on beam
( )
( )
( )
( )
Fig.(1-15): Frame (B-B).

Frame C-C, E-E and D-D
Load on beam
Fig.(1-16): Frame (C-C).
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Frame K-K
Assume on roof at level ( )
Load on beam =
( )
( )
Load on beam =
( )
( )
Fig.(1-17): Frame (K-K).
Load on beam
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Frame A-A
Fig.(1-18): Frame (A-A).
Load on beam
Load on beam
Load on beam
load on beams BC,CD,FG and GH equal to the loads on
beams( ) in frame ( ) respectively.
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Frame I-I
Fig.(1-19): Frame (I-I).
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‫‪Babylon University/ Civil Engineering/ Forth Stage/ Structural Analysis 2020-2021‬‬
‫مالحظات حول الدرج‬
‫‪ -1‬عذد انذسجاخ ْ‪ 15( ٙ‬دسجح) أل ‪ 7‬دسجاخ ٔ ‪ ْٙ 8‬اعرشاحح ‪ٚ‬زْة حًهٓا عهٗ انجذاس‬
‫ٔانجذاس ‪ٚ‬غرُذ عهٗ االعاط فاٌ حًهٓا ال ‪ٚ‬ؤثش عهٗ انًغًُاخ‪.‬‬
‫ايا انشفعح انثاَ‪ٛ‬ح يٍ (‪)15-9‬دسجح تذا‪ٚ‬ح انشفعح ‪ُٚ‬رقم عهٗ انجذاس ٔانٗ االعاط نزنك‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫( نزا انشفعح انثاَ‪ٛ‬ح تذا‪ٚ‬رٓا الذؤثش َٔٓا‪ٚ‬رٓا ذٕثش عهٗ‬ ‫ال ‪ٚ‬ؤثش انحًم عهٗ انًغُى)‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫( ح‪ٛ‬ث ذغرُذ عهٗ انعرة‬ ‫)‬
‫نٕكاٌ انذسج )‪ (Fixed-Fixed‬فاٌ انجضء االٔل ‪ٚ‬حًم َصف انحًم ٔاالخش َصف‬ ‫‪-3‬‬
‫انحًم حرٗ نٕ كاٌ انشكم يائم‬
‫انذسج ‪ٚ‬عايم )‪ (Fixed-simply‬الٌ يٍ االعفم ‪ٚ‬صة ٔيٍ االعهٗ جذاس طاتٕق‪ٙ‬‬ ‫‪-4‬‬
‫نزنك نهغٕٓنح َفشض اٌ انذسج )‪(Fixed-Fixed‬‬
‫(‬ ‫ذى فشض اٌ انحًم عهٗ انذسج ‪ٚ‬غأ٘ )‬
‫ارا نى ‪ٚ‬زكش ا٘ ش‪ٙ‬ء عٍ َٕع االعُاد ف‪ ٙ‬يثم ْزِ انحانح ف‪ٛ‬رى ذًث‪ٛ‬هّ (انذسج) عهٗ اَّ‬ ‫‪-5‬‬
‫)‪.(Fixed-simply‬‬
‫(َصف يُّ انذسج انًرصم تّ يٍ االعفم َٔصف يٍ االعهٗ نزنك ‪ٚ‬كٌٕ عه‪ّٛ‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪-6‬‬
‫حًم كايم نهذسج ٔ‪ٕٚ‬جذ عه‪(One-way slab) ّٛ‬ا‪ٚ‬ضاً‪.‬‬
‫( ‪ٚ‬حًم جذاس ٔحًم َفغّ ٔال ‪ٕٚ‬جذ حًم دسج الٌ انذسج يرصم تانجضء‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪-7‬‬
‫انًقاتم نّ‬
‫( ‪ٚ‬حًم دسج كايم الٌ انذٔسج انثانثح ٔانشاتعح ذقع عه‪ّٛ‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪-8‬‬
‫‪ ACI-code‬ذعط‪ ٙ‬انعضٔو تاالعراب ٔال ذعط‪ ٙ‬انعضٔو تانـ)‪(column‬‬ ‫‪-9‬‬
‫‪ -11‬تانُغثح نهعًٕد‬
‫ارا حههُا ‪ٚ Frame E-E‬عط‪ ٙ‬عضو حٕل )‪(x‬‬
‫ارا حههُا ‪ٚ Frame J-J‬عط‪ ٙ‬عضو حٕل )‪(z‬‬
‫فٕٓ ال‬ ‫) ( (‬ ‫‪ -11‬ال َأخز انًغُى انعًٕد٘ عهٗ انُقطح الٌ انضأ‪ٚ‬ح )‬
‫‪ٚ‬ؤثش عه‪.ّٛ‬‬
‫ال ‪ٚ‬حًم جذاس الَّ ‪ٕٚ‬جذ دسج فال ‪ٚ‬جٕص يٍ انُاح‪ٛ‬ح انُٓذع‪ٛ‬ح ٔانخذي‪ٛ‬ح‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -12‬انعرة‬
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Fig.(1-21): Details section of stair in building.
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Frame H-H
Fig.(1-21): Frame (H-H).
Load on beam
Load on beam
assume the load on stair is equal to ( )
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[ ]
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Fram G-G
Fig.(1-22):Frame (G-G)
( )
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Analysis of Frames:
The anlysis of frames can be done by one of the following methods:
1- Moment distribution method.
2- ACI-code coefficient method (when all condition checked).
3- P t l f e …………. Etc.
To analysis the present building all previous frames must be analysis (9
frames) to compute the moments and shear in beams and the moments
and axial load in columns.
Question 1: Compute the moments and the axial forces in columns
?
Solution: As shown in three dimensional figure of building to compute
the moment and axial force in column the frames J-J and
E-E must be analyze.
1- Frame J-J
Fig.(1-23): Frame (J-J), within X-Y.
Use the ACI-code coefficient method to compute the moments and

shears forces in continuous beams and because all
condition of this method satisfied and as follows:
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a- More than one span.
b- ( ) .
c- Load are uniformly distributed.
d- Unit live load does not exceed three time unit dead load.
e- Members are prismatic.
* +
* +
* +
* +
( )
or
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Moment in columns:
( )
( )
Fig.(1-24): Details of length of columns.
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Fig.(1-25): Moment and axial forces in columns within

X-Y plain.
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2- Frame E-E
Frame E-E cannot be analyzed by ACI-code method because it is consist
from one span thus the moment distribution method will be used.
F.E.M
Fig.(1-26): Frame (E-E), within

Y-Z plain.
joint
member
Krelative 1 1 6.1 1.21 1.21 6.1 6.1 1.21 1.21 6.1 1 1
D.F --- 0.120 0.734 0.146 0.166 0.834 0.834 0.166 0.146 0.734 0.120 ---
1st F.E.M 0.00 0.00 62.74 0.00 0.00 44.04 -44.04 0.00 0.00 -62.74 0.00 0.00
Cycl
e Balance --- -7.53 -46.05 -9.16 -7.31 -36.73 36.73 7.31 9.16 46.05 7.53 ---
nd
2 C.O.M -3.76 0.00 23.03 -3.66 -4.58 18.37 -18.37 4.58 3.66 -23.03 0.00 3.77
Cycl
e Balance --- -2.32 -14.22 -2.83 -2.29 -11.50 11.50 2.29 2.83 14.22 2.32 ---
3rd C.O.M -1.16 0.00 7.11 -1.15 -1.42 5.75 -5.75 1.42 1.15 -7.11 0.00 1.16
Cycl
e Balance --- -0.72 -4.37 -0.87 -0.72 -3.61 3.61 0.72 0.87 4.37 0.72 ---
sum of moment -4.93 -10.57 28.24 -17.67 -16.32 16.32 -16.32 16.32 17.67 -28.24 10.57 4.93
sum of moment
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
at each joint
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Fig.(1- 27):
Moment and axial
forces in columns
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within Y-Z plain.
171.63+70.46=242.09 kN
16.32 kN.m
T1 7.8 kN.m
4.884 kN.m
Y 17.67 kN.m
Z
242.09 kN
371.15+170.85=542 kN
X 10.57 kN.m
V1 3.996 kN.m
X1
Fig.(1-28): Three dimensional figure shows the moments and axial
forces in columns .
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Question 2:
Compute the moment and axial force in column according to the
frame in plain X-Y.
Solution:
As shown in three dimensional figure of building to compute the
moment and axial force in column according to the frame in X-Y
plane the frame J-J must be analyze.
Fig.(1-29): Frame (J-J).
Use the ACI-code coefficient method because all conditions are

satisfied.
1- For axial load:
2- For moment
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( )
Distribution factor of the column

Moment of column ( )
Fig.(1-30): The moment and

axial force in column 𝐻 𝐿
according to the frame in X-Y
plain.
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Fig.(1-31): Three dimensional figure of building.
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Foundation:
1- Isolated:
2- Strip:
3- Raft:
In design of foundation the service loads must be represented and

allowable bearing pressure must be known( ).
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Example (1)
If
,
1- Design the dimension of square
footing
2- Draw the assumed pressure
distribution, shear force and
bending moment diagrams under foundation.
Solution (1) to get (uniform pressure under foundation):
Hence no details given about the loads, taken factor 1.4 as the average
value between 1.2 and 1.6.
Area required of foundation
Because the footing is square

m
To eliminate the effect of moment on the distribution pressure under
foundation the distance between the concentrated load and center of
foundation must be equal to
[ ]
( )
( )
For checking
( )
( )
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400 kN
40 kN.m
1.100 1.300
0.975 1.175
1.200 1.200
40 kN.m
1600 kN/m
166.66
kN/m pressure under
footing q (kN/m)
0.975 1.175 u
0.250
162.49
0.25-x
x=0.113 S.F.D (kN)

-195.85
88.43
128.43
at left 115.05
face of
column 79.21 at right
face of
column
B.M.D (kN.m)
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Solution (2)(non-uniform pressure under foundation) center of
column coincide with center of foundation:
Also the factor will be adopted as 1.4 due to no details given about
loads.
( )
( ) ( )
( )
B Left side Right side Deference

3 1350.000 1028.56 321.440
2.5 781.250 885.705 -104.455
2.6 878.800 914.276 -35.476
2.65 930.480 928.5625 1.918
( )
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For checking
[( ) ]
Must be equal to
( )
Moment at left edge
Moment at right edge of column
( )
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400/1.4 kN
40/1.4 kN.m
0.250 m
1.200 m 1.200 m
𝑘𝑁
𝑞 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 ( )
𝑚
31.49
kN/m2 49.91
400 kN
kN/m2
40 kN.m
𝑘𝑁
𝑞𝑢 ( )
𝑚 44.09
kN/m2
69.87
40 kN.m kN/m2
1600 kN/m
qu(kN/m)
=qu(kN/m2)*B
=116.84 X1 X2
X3
158.77
+
S.F.D. kN
-
-203.64
125.90
91.55
B.M.D. kN.m
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Example (2)
Draw the assumed pressure
distribution ( ), shear force
and bending moment diagrams
under given foundation.Area of
foundation equal to , i.e.,
width of foundation is equal to
.
Solution
No details given about the load thus taken factor 1.4 as the average
value between 1.2 and 1.6.
, (farther edge of footing).
( )
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Pu=300kN
Mu=200 kN.m
0.400 col 0.25*0.4
1.300 1.300
300/1.4
200 /1.4
tension
11.90
Comp y=1.125 x=0.375

qs(kN/m2)
300
83.33
200
0.925
qu(kN/m2)
116.66
200 750
0.925
qu(kN/m) x2
233.32 x1
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To find the location of the point where
( )
( )
‫ث‬ٛ‫ذ ح‬ٚ‫رى اعادج انحم يٍ جذ‬ٚ ‫ح نزا‬ٛ‫ش صح‬ٛ‫صفش ْٔزا غ‬ٚ ‫( ال‬S.F.D) ‫ ْزا انغؤال‬ٙ‫ُْا ف‬
‫( انعشض حٕل يحٕس‬B)ٌ‫(عهًا ً ا‬I)ٔ ‫ذج‬ٚ‫ جذ‬A ‫( ٔاعرخشج‬ ) ‫كٌٕ طٕل االعاط‬ٚ
‫ذ‬ٚ‫يٍ جذ‬ ‫( انعًٕد٘ عهٗ يحٕس انذٔساٌ َٔجذ‬h) ٌ‫ث ا‬ٛ‫انذٔساٌ ح‬
Example (3)
Design the combined footing for the given service loads (axial force and
moments), all columns ( ) . Draw the
pressure distribution shear force diagrams and B.M.D. under footing
take the factor = 1.55.
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Solution
At first compute the center or location of resultant (R).
The required area =
Uniform pressure under foundation selected the resultant (R) must be

at the center of foundation.
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1- Lec. No………in …….\.....\............. Page 52

‫‪Babylon University/ Civil Engineering/ Forth Stage/ Structural Analysis 2020-2021‬‬
‫‪ٚ‬جة اٌ ‪ٚ‬كٌٕ االجٓاد (انضغظ ذحد االعاط ‪ٔ )uniform‬غ‪ٛ‬ش يشغٕب اٌ ‪ٚ‬كٌٕ انعًٕد‬
‫عهٗ حافح االعاط نزنك ذى اضافح َصف يرش عهٗ انجاَة اال‪ٔ ًٍٚ‬نهحفاظ عهٗ ذًشكض‬
‫انًحصهح ف‪ ٙ‬يشكض االعاط ذًد َفظ االضافح عهٗ انجاَة اال‪ٚ‬غش‪.‬‬
‫َأخز انجاَة االطٕل ‪ٔ 2.35‬عشض ‪َ Column‬صفّ ثى َض‪ٛ‬ف )‪ (0.5m‬ثى َٕفش َفظ ْزِ‬
‫األطٕال نهجٓح األخشٖ‪.‬‬
‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫‪1.4500‬‬ ‫‪3.4500‬‬ ‫‪0.5000‬‬
‫‪108.5‬‬ ‫‪77.5‬‬
‫‪1808.3‬‬ ‫‪1033.3‬‬
‫‪142.08‬‬ ‫‪qu kN/m‬‬
‫‪206.01‬‬ ‫‪196.32‬‬
‫‪0.1760=x2‬‬
‫‪0.2207 m=x5‬‬
‫‪x3=2.068 m‬‬
‫)‪S.F.D (kN‬‬
‫‪x1=0.1246 m‬‬ ‫‪x4=1.382 m‬‬
‫‪71.05‬‬
‫‪293.86‬‬
‫‪270.58‬‬
‫‪244.66‬‬
‫‪162.09‬‬
‫‪149.35‬‬
‫‪98.09‬‬
‫)‪B.M.D (kN.m‬‬
‫‪76.47‬‬ ‫‪20.59‬‬
‫‪17.76‬‬
‫‪59.19‬‬
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Example 4:
Draw the pressure distribution S.F.D and compute bending moment at
point (D) for combined footing shown. Width of footing is equal to
1.6m
Pu=300 kN Pu=500 kN
Mu=50 kN.m Mu=90 kN.m
CL
C A D B
3.750 3.750
0.600 5.000 1.100
0.400 0.400
Solution:
At first locate the position of resultant
( )
Hence the footing is rectangular figure thus the center atmid-length, i.e.,
center line of foundation at
From point (C) or 2.95 m from point (A).
( )
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Pu=300 kN Pu=500 kN
R
CL
A B
e=0.3750
3.7500 3.7500
0.6000 5.0000 1.1000
0.4000 0.4000
2.9500
0.8000 3.3250
Pu=300 kN Pu=500 kN
46.660
kN/m2 qu kN/m2
50 kN.m 90 kN.m
86.660
kN/m2
750 kN/m 1250 kN/m
74.656
kN/m2 qu kN/m
301.53 138.656
kN/m2
46.33 2nd
+ +
-
- -147.45
-221.08 S.F.D. (kN)
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( ) 1.000 m
50 kN.m
750 kN/m
( ) 0.400 m
D
MD
74.656
(c.c.w.) kN/m
83.189 kN/m
x=8.53
Example 5:
Draw the pressure distribution ( ) under foundation shown.
Pu=400 kN Pu=200 kN
R CL
0.300 m e=0.788 m 0.300 m
0.700 m 4.700 m 0.700 m
x
1.700 m 5.000 m
0.250 m
1.500 m
x=2.367 m e
z=3.155 m
0.250 m
x
Top view of Foundation
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Solution:
1- At first locate the position of centroid of foundation:
( ) ( )
2- Locate the position of resultant (R)
[ ]
( ) ( )
( )
* ( ) +
* ( ) ( ) +
[ ] [ ]
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Pu=400 kN Pu=200 kN
CL
R
0.3000 e=0.7880 0.3000
0.7000 4.7000 0.7000
x
1.7000 5.0000
0.2500
1.5000
x=2.3670 e
0.2500
z=3.1550
x 400 kN 1.4550 200 kN

30 kN.m
60 kN.m
15.79
kN/m2
𝑘𝑁 L
𝑞𝑢 ( )
𝑚
89.97
kN/m2
𝐿
𝐿
60 kN.m 30 kN
1333.3 kN/m 666.667 kN/m
23.68
𝑘𝑁 kN/m
𝑞𝑢 ( ) 106.71 kN/m
𝑚
142.8 kN/m
179.94
kN/m
1- Lec. No………in …….\.....\............. Page 58

Structural Analysis of a Multi-Story Building

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Structural Analysis of a Multi-Story Building

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University of Babylon

The Structural Analysis

Lecturer: Prof. Dr. Hayder M.K. Al-Mutairee

‫أتقدم بخالص الشكر للزمالء اللذين ساهموا بالطباعة‬

Eigth Edition 01/05/2021

Syllabus of the Structural Analysis

1- Analysis of Multi-story Buildings:

1-3- Loads transmission. (6 hours)

1-4- Division of building into frames. (6 hours)

1-5- Analysis of continuous beams. (4 hours)

1-7- Analysis of frames. (6 hours)

1-7- Analysis of foundation (isolated and combined). (6 hours)

2- Applications on the computer program STAAD.Pro.

2-2-General (property, specification, support, load and material). (4 hours)

2-3-Analysis/Print (pre-print, analysis and post-print). (3 hours)

2-4-Design/Concrete (select parameters, define parameters. Comm.) (3hours)

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For practical use

Weight of walls or tanks on slab must be considered by computing the

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Two way and one-way slabs:

 For two-way slab

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For one-way slab

For practical reasons use for all slabs

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In the present lectures the moments of one-way slabs computed either

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Support Beam Support

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Discontinuous end integral with support ...... .....( )

Interior spans ...........................................................................( )

Negative moments at exterior face of first interior support

More than two spans ..........................................................( )

Negative moment at other faces of interior supports…..... ( )

Where support is spandrel beam................................. ( )

Where support is a column ..........................................( )

Shear in end members at face of first interior support ..........

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For present analysis of building the will be used for all

4 Short 0.076 0.043 0.052 13.70 8.64

4 Short 0.085 0.050 0.062 9.43 6.03

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2- One way slab:

Fig.(1-6): Strip including the principle direction of one-way slab.

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Fig.(1-7): Free body diagram of one-way slab.

Hence there is negative moment at mid-span of BC, i.e., no positive

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Let use bar of

cover the strengthening requirement of all

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Fig.(1-8): Frames of building, and load transmission pattern.

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Fig.(1-9): Equivalent loads of triangle and trapezoidal loads.

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Fig.(1-10): Frame (F-F).

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