Density

Density : Measure of mass per unit of volume

Mass : measure of how much matter there is (doesn’t change; constant)

Weight : Force on an object due to gravity (changes according to gravity)

mass kg /g
Density= ( )
volume m3 /c m3

1 g 1000 kg
=
c m3 m3

Air : 1.3 kg/m3

Water : 1000 kg/m3

Top pan balance (digital balance) : to measure mass

Ruler, Measuring cylinder : to measure volume
Measuring cylinder : liquid
- Place a measuring cylinder on a top pan balance and tear the display so that it goes
to zero
- Fill measuring cylinder with water and measure the volume and the mass

Irregular object : Displacement Method

- Fill measuring cylinder with water and measure the volume

- Add the irregularly object and measure the increased volume
- Subtract the initial volume from the current volume to get the volume of the object
*this can be done using a measuring cylinder or a displacement can
Units :

Unit of mass Unit of volume Unit of density Density of Water

Kilogram (kg) Cubic meter (m3) kg/m3 1000 kg/m3

Kilogram (kg) Cubic decimeter kg/dm3 1.0 kg/dm3

(dm3)

Gram (g) Cubic centimeter g/cm3 1.0 g/cm3

(cm3)

Density : Experiment
Measure the density of a bolt (measuring cylinder)

1. How can we make sure our measurement of the mass of the bolt is as accurate as
possible?

A1.
Ensure the top pan balance is 0 before the bolt is weighed on it.
The balance must be placed on a flat surface.

2. How much water should be put inside the displacement beaker?

A2.
We fill the water till it is just below the spout of the displacement beaker.

3. How can we ensure all of the displaced water is collected? What can be done to make
sure the measurement of the displaced water is accurate?

A3.
To ensure all of the displaced water is collected, we must wait until all the displaced water
has passed through the spout and entered the beaker.
To make sure the measurement is accurate:
- The beaker in which the displaced water is collected must be dry.
- The reading of the displaced water must be read at eye level when put into the measuring
cylinder.
- The displacement beaker, and measuring cylinder must be kept on a flat surface when
performing the experiment and recording the results.

4. Is there anything wrong with the amount of oil in the measuring cylinder?

A4. The oil in the measuring cylinder is not 30 cm3 as mentioned in the video, it is actually 31
cm3. The accurate measurement was not taken because the reading was not read at eye
level.

MCQs:
Ans 1: B (least significant figure)
Ans 2: B (to ensure only the mass of the water in the beaker is measured)