Writing 3
Lead-in
1 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
1 What are some of the advantages and
disadvantages of tourism?
2 What are some of the advantages and
disadvantages of air travel?
3 How do you think the ways we travel will change
in the future? Why?
Vocabulary
2 Choose the correct preposition in italics to
complete the paragraph.
I think that tourists have been responsible 1 for / to
a lot of damage to the environment in the past.
Anyone who is serious 2 with / about reducing
climate change should think again about relying
3 on / in air transport as it produces a huge
amount of carbon dioxide. Many experts 4 for / on
the environment have called 5 by / for a ban on
unnecessary air transport if we are to succeed 6 in / by
bringing down global temperatures. There have been
attempts to balance 7 on / out the carbon produced
during necessary travel by introducing tree-planting
schemes, but few people actually participate 8 on / in
these projects. Any change is likely 9 with / to be
negated 10 for / by the general increase 11 in / of
air travel.
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Test training: Cause and effect words
3 Underline the cause and effect words in each
Task 2 question.
1 Air travel is likely to be the greatest cause of
pollution in the future. To what extent do you agree
with this statement?
2 The way cities address transport problems now will
affect their future in the next 50 years. Discuss how
current developments in transport might affect the
future.
3 Encouraging people to visit other countries is the
best way to improve our understanding of other
cultures. Do you think that travelling creates better
understanding of world cultures?
4 As populations become more mobile, the idea of
national borders between countries will disappear
in future. To what extent do you agree with this
statement?
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 Writing 3
4 Choose one question from Activity 3 and
brainstorm possible positive and negative causes
and effects.
Question:
Cause Effect
5 Look at the introduction. Which question does it
answer? Tick the correct answer.
1 Travel for business or personal reasons has
become increasingly common. 2 These days major
airports deal with millions of passengers per day,
rather than per year. 3 Some argue that with more
and more of us travelling, we will become more
open-minded. 4 This essay aims to assess whether
travelling widely can improve understanding
between people of different cultures.
1 Air travel is likely to be the greatest cause of
pollution in the future. To what extent do you
agree with this statement?
2 The way cities address transport problems now
will affect their future in the next 50 years. Discuss
how current developments in transport might
affect the future.
3 Encouraging people to visit other countries is the
best way to improve our understanding of other
cultures. Do you think that travelling creates better
understanding of world cultures?
4 As populations become more mobile, the idea of
national borders between countries will disappear
in future. To what extent do you agree with this
statement?
6 Which sentence in the introduction:
A is the thesis statement (one sentence that states
the purpose of the essay clearly)?
B offers a general background to the topic?
C states a related fact?
D re-states the question in different words?
Expert IELTS 7.5 Teacher’s Online Materials © Pearson Education Limited 2017
7 Match the statements (A–C) with the remaining
essay questions in Activity 3.
A Although people are introducing measures to limit
the effect of pollution in the airline industry, these
are unlikely to have a positive effect.
B There is already integration of race and culture
throughout the world.
C A city’s economy depends on mobile workforce,
so the way it manages transport is crucial over the
coming decade.
Test practice: Writing Task 2: Cause and
effect essay
8 Work in pairs to discuss the questions.
1 How many paragraphs would you expect the
writer to use in a cause and effect essay?
2 What should be the focus of each of those
paragraphs?
3 What evidence might the writer use? (e.g. personal
experience, examples)
4 What conclusion is the writer likely to reach?
(e.g. persuading the reader to take certain action,
suggesting there are no clear answers to the
question)
9 Work in pairs and make a plan to answer the
task below. Use the questions from Activity 8 to
help you.
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Tourism is an important industry which has
developed the economies of countries in many parts
of the world. What effect has tourism had on local
communities?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant
examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
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